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国考公务员补录流程及时间

国考公务员补录流程及时间

国考公务员补录流程及时间The supplementary recruitment process of the national civil service examination in China is a rigorous and competitive procedure. 国家公务员考试的补录流程是一个严格而竞争激烈的程序。

The supplementary recruitment is an opportunity for candidates who did not receive an offer in the main recruitment to potentially secure a position. 补录是那些没有在主要录用中获得职位的候选人一个可能获得职位的机会。

The process involves multiple stages and requires candidates to meet specific criteria in order to be considered. 这个过程涉及多个阶段,并要求候选人满足特定的标准才能被考虑。

The time frame for the supplementary recruitment process can vary depending on the specific government department and the number of positions available. 补录流程的时间取决于具体的政府部门和可用职位的数量。

The first step in the supplementary recruitment process for the national civil service examination is the release of an official announcement by the relevant government department. 国家公务员考试补录流程的第一步是由相关政府部门发布正式通知。

瑞士GARVENS 检查秤 净重控制 21CFR Part11 网络接口 验证手册说明书

瑞士GARVENS 检查秤 净重控制 21CFR Part11 网络接口 验证手册说明书

From one source –the complete solution for qualitycontrol in pharmaceutical pro-duction:– Measuring instruments andcalibration service– Terminals and rugged PCs– software solution– Network connectivity– Compliant with 21 CFR Part 11– Validation manuals– Expert consultingNet weight and in-process control for your pharmaceutical productioncontrol or tablet test stations,inspectors can call up product data right on the balance display and start testing. Calculated statistics and tolerance violators are also dis-S-line checkweighers and combicheck-ers in accordance with 21 CFR Part 11. It supports serial or – The production reliability you’ve been looking for!C o n t r o lB ased on the software solution , METTLER TOLEDO has the complete solution for pre-packaged product and in-process control for the pharmaceuticals industry. METTLER TOLEDO offers not only high-precision and easy-to-use measuring instruments and software, but also functions for compli-ance to regulations such as 21 CFR Part 11 and ready-made validation protocols for IQ, OQ, and PQ project phases.Free ReportingArchiv-ing MonitoringTestingMaster station• Tests planning and allocation• Maintain basic data• Print reports• Monitor lines From your own workstation you can define cross-departmental quality tests. Using simple and clearly laid out masks, you can maintain product catalog data such as nominal weight, tolerance system, resolution, sample size, etc. The test plans are available for execution at all weighing/test stations after release with an electronic signature. On completion of testing, the measurement results and statistical evaluations are available to quality assurance personnel and production managers in real time via the company network. Deviations and activities at the filling stations are clearly displayed, ensuring that production managers and quality assurance are always kept up-to-date about the running process.on validation.process dramatically, saving you time andmoney. Our validation engineers have an inti-mate knowledge of , test proce-validation.For the validation of the entire and tested in various projects worldwide.Validation manual I4 It contains software development documentsopment to be assessed.Validation manual IIods are used.Mettler-Toledo GmbHCH-8606 Greifensee, SwitzerlandTel. +41 1 944 22 11, Fax +41 1 944 30 60Internet: AT Mettler-Toledo Ges.m.b.H., A-1100 WienTel. (01) 604 19 80, Fax (01) 604 28 80AU Mettler-Toledo Ltd., Port Melbourne, Victoria 3207 Tel. (03) 9644 5700, Fax (03) 9645 3935BE n.v. Mettler-Toledo s.a., B-1932 ZaventemTel. (02) 334 02 11, Fax (02) 378 16 65BR Mettler-Toledo Indústria e Comércio Ltda.São Paulo, CEP 06465-130Tel. (11) 421 5737, Fax (11) 725 1962CH Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) AG, CH-8606 Greifensee Tel. 1 944 45 45, Fax 1 944 45 10CN Mettler-Toledo Changzhou Scale Ltd.Changzhou City, Jiangsu 213001Tel. (519) 664 20 40, Fax (519) 664 19 91CZ Mettler-Toledo, s.r.o., CZ-100 00 Praha 10Tel. (2) 72 123 150, Fax (2) 72 123 170DE Mettler-Toledo GmbH, D-35353 GiessenTel. (0641) 50 70, Fax (0641) 52 951DK Mettler-Toledo A/S, DK-2600 GlostrupTel. (43) 27 08 00, Fax (43) 27 08 28ES Mettler-Toledo S.A.E., E-08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat Tel. (93) 223 76 00, Fax (93) 223 76 01FR Mettler-Toledo s.a., F-78222 ViroflayTél. (01) 309 717 17, Fax (01) 309 716 16HK Mettler-Toledo (HK) Ltd., Kowloon HK,Tel. (852) 2744 1221, Fax (852) 2744 6878HR Mettler-Toledo, d.o.o., CR-10000 ZagrebTel. (1) 29 20 633, Fax (1) 29 58 140HU Mettler-Toledo Kft, H-1173 BudapestTel. (1) 257 9889, Fax (1) 257 7030IN Mettler-Toledo India Pvt Ltd, Mumbai 400 072 Tel. (022) 2857 0808, Fax (022) 2857 5071IT Mettler-Toledo S.p.A., I-20026 Novate Milanese Tel. (02) 333 321, Fax (02) 356 29 73JP Mettler-Toledo K.K., Shiromi, J-Osaka 540Tel. (06) 6949 5901, Fax (06) 6949 5945KR Mettler-Toledo (Korea) Ltd., Seoul (137-130) Tel. (02) 3498 3500, Fax (02) 3498 3555MY Mettler-Toledo (M) Sdn.Bhd., 40150 Selangor Tel. (03) 7845 5773, Fax (03) 7845 8773MX Mettler-Toledo S.A. de C.V., Mexico CP 06430 Tel. (5) 547 5700, Fax (5) 541 2228NL Mettler-Toledo B.V., NL-4000 HA TielTel. (0344) 638 363, Fax (0344) 638 390NO Mettler-Toledo A/S, N-1008 OsloTel. (22) 30 44 90, Fax (22) 32 70 02PL Mettler-Toledo, Sp. z o.o., PL-02-929 Warszawa Tel. (22) 651 92 32, Fax (22) 651 71 72RU Mettler-Toledo AG, 10 1000 MoskauTel. (095) 921 68 12, Fax (095) 921 63 53SE Mettler-Toledo AB, S-12008 StockholmTel. (08) 702 50 00, Fax (08) 642 45 62SEA Mettler-Toledo (SEA), Reg. Office, 40150 Shah Alam Tel. (03) 7845 5373, Fax (03) 7845 3478SG Mettler-Toledo (S) Pte. Ltd., Singapore 139959 Tel. (65) 6890 0011, Fax (65) 6890 0012SK Mettler-Toledo, service s.r.o., SK-83103 Bratislava Tel. (7) 525 2170, Fax (7) 525 2173SI Mettler-Toledo, d.o.o., SI-1236 TrzinTel. (1) 562 1801, Fax (1) 562 1789TH Mettler-Toledo (Thailand), Bangkok 10310Tel. (02) 723 0300, Fax (02) 719 6479TW Mettler-Toledo Pac Rim AG, TaipeiTel. (02) 2657 8898, Fax (02) 26557 0776UK Mettler-Toledo Ltd., Leicester, LE4 1AWTel. (0116) 235 0888, Fax (0116) 236 5500US Mettler-Toledo, Inc., Columbus, Ohio 43240Tel. (614) 438 4511, Fax (614) 438 4900For all other countries: Mettler-Toledo GmbHPO Box VI-400, CH-8606 GreifenseeTel. +41 1 944 22 11, Fax +41 1 944 31 70Quality certificate.Development, production, and teststo ISO 9001. Environmental manage-ment system to ISO 14001.Global service.Our extensive service network, oneof the best in the world, ensuresmaximum availability and prolongsthe operating life of your product.«Conformité Européenne».This symbol proves that our productsmeet the very latest guidelines.On the Internet too.Important information about ourproducts and services, and aboutour company, can quickly and easilybe found on our website at:Sales and service:Subject to technical changes © 06/2003 Mettler-Toledo GmbH. MCG Printed in Switzerland. 21900953。

北京驾驶证验本流程

北京驾驶证验本流程

北京驾驶证验本流程Having to go through the process of validating a Beijing driver's license can be quite a hassle and time-consuming. 需要进行北京驾驶证验本流程可能是一件很麻烦且耗时的事情。

From gathering all the required documents to waiting in long lines at the Vehicle Administration Office, the entire process can be overwhelming and frustrating. 从准备所有必要的文件到在车管所排长队等待,整个流程可能让人感到不知所措和沮丧。

However, understanding the necessary steps and being prepared can help make the process more manageable. 然而,了解必要的步骤并做好准备可以帮助让流程变得更加可控。

First and foremost, it is important to gather all the necessary documents before starting the validation process. 首先且最重要的是,在开始验本流程之前,收集所有必要的文件是非常重要的。

This includes the original and photocopy of the driver's license, valid identification, official translation of the license (if it's not in Chinese), and any other required paperwork. 这包括驾驶证的原件和复印件、有效身份证件、驾驶证的官方翻译(如果不是中文的话)以及其他必要的文件。

赣溯源考试流程

赣溯源考试流程

赣溯源考试流程The process of the Ganrsuyuan exam is often considered to be complex and rigorous. 赣溯源考试的流程通常被认为是复杂而严格的。

From the registration to the actual exam, there are several steps that candidates need to go through. 从注册到实际考试,候选人需要经过几个步骤。

First, the candidates need to register for the exam online, providing their personal information and making the necessary payments. 首先,候选人需要在网上注册考试,提供个人信息并进行必要的付款。

This is followed by the verification process, where the authenticity of the candidate's documents and credentials are checked. 这之后是验证过程,需要检查候选人文件和证书的真实性。

Once the verification is completed, the candidates are assigned an exam center and a date for the examination. 一旦验证完成,候选人将被分配一个考试中心和考试日期。

On the day of the exam, the candidates are required to arrive at the designated exam center well before the scheduled time. 在考试当天,候选人需要在指定的考试中心提前到达。

工程英语整理

工程英语整理

《工程学科英语》期末考试整理【题型说明】第一、二、五部分、以及第四部分的Section A均为选择题。

第一部分:听力测试15’听technology report 【Unit 1-Unit 10】片段,回答问题,大部分片段源自Task 7。

此处内容略第二部分:词汇测试20’Section A Match the definitions with the words 10’12题选自【Unit 1-6】Task 1和【Unit 1-6】单元测试,8题选自学术词汇Section B Choose the best words or phrases to fill in the blanks 10’5题选自【Unit 1, 2, 3, 6】预习任务、【Unit 1-6】Task 2、【Unit 1-4】Task 10,5题选自课外(但词汇出自上述范围)task1 【unit 1—6】(选择配对)1.discipline :a branch of knowledge [ˈdɪsəplɪn] n.学科2.maintain : keep in a certain [meɪnˈteɪn] v.维护;保持;坚持;维修3.extremely :to a high degree or extent [ɪk'striːmli] adv.非常;极其;极端4.apparatus :equipment designed to serve a specific [ˌæpəˈreɪtəs] n. 仪器,器械5.etymology :a history of word. [.etɪ'mɒlədʒi] n.词源学,词源说明6.innate : not establishde by conditioning [ˌiˈneɪt] adj.固有的;内在的;心里的7.circuit :an electrical device that provides a path for electrical ['sɜːkɪt] n.电路,线路8.generator : engine that convers mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction n.发电机9.overlap :a representation of common ground between theories or phenomena n.重叠部分10.permutation : an event in which one thing is substitutde for another[.pɜːmjʊ'teɪʃn] n.(一组事物可能的一种)序列11.downright :out-and-out adv.完全地;彻底地;全然12.relection: a calm lengthy intent considerationn.反映;(关于某课题的)思考;(声、光、热等的)反射13.sophisticated: complex or intricate [sə'fɪstɪ.keɪtɪd] adj. 复杂的;精致的;富有经验的14.verbalize: express in specch ['vɜːbəlaɪz] v. 描述;用言语表现15.property: a basic or essential attribute shared by all members['prɒpəti] n. 特性,属性;财产,地产16.disconnect: disjoin or unfasten n./v. 断开17.fragment: break or cause to break into pieces ['fræɡmənt] v. (使)碎裂,破裂18.inhibit: limit the range or extent of v. 抑制;禁止19.somewhat: to a small degree or extent adv. 稍微;有点20.lug: carry with difficulty v. 用力拖拉21.hooked: addicted to sth adj. 着了迷的22.foster: promote the growth of v. 培养;抚育23.atypical: not representative of a group,class,or type [.eɪ'tɪpɪkl] adj. 非典型的24.spark: put in motion or move to act v. 发动,触动25.ongoing: currently happening adj. 不间断的,进行的26.mentor: serve as a teacher or trusted counselor v. 指导mitment: the act of binding yourself (intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action n.承诺,许诺28.perennial: recurring again and again[pə'reniəl] adj. 终年的,长久的;多年生的,不断生长的;四季不断的29.prerequisite: required as a prior condition or course of study [priː'rekwəzɪt] adj. 必要的30.recruit: register formally as a participant or member [rɪ'kruːt] v. 招聘31.code: ( computer secience) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions n. [计]编码32.feature: an article of merchandise that is displayed or advertised more than other articles. ['fiːtʃə(r)] n. 特征(功能),特点33.hamper: prevent the progress or free movement of ['hæmpə(r)] v.妨碍,束缚,限制34.outweigh: be heavier than v. 在重量上超过;比……重要;胜过,强过;比……有价值35.bug: a fault or defect in a system or machinen. [计](制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的)错误36.pinpoint: locate exactly v. 确定,准确地指出;精确定位37.flounder: behave awkwardly; have difficulties v. 挣扎,折腾;着慌,勉强应付38.sane: marked by sound judgment adj. 明智的;稳健的39.highlight: move into the foreground to make more visible or prominent v. 强调,突出40.boost: increase or raise v. 促进,提高;增加41.boom: a state of economic prosprity n. 隆隆声;繁荣;激增42.swell: increase in size, magnitude, number, or procedures v. 增强;肿胀;膨胀43.evince: give expression to v. 表明,标示44.skeptic: someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefs n.怀疑者,怀疑论者45.prominent: conspicuous in position or importance adj. 突出的,杰出的46.slog: walk havily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud v.步履艰难地行走;努力苦干47.sluggish: ( of business ) not active or brisk ['slʌɡɪʃ] adj. 行动迟缓的,反应慢的48.stringent: demanding strict attention to rules and procedures['strɪndʒənt] adj. 严格的;迫切的;(货币)紧缩的49.marketable: fit to be offered for sale adj. 可销售的;市场的;有销路的50.plight: a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying onen.境况,困境51.aptitude: inherent ability n.(学习方面的)才能,资质,天资52.mesh: work together in harmony v. (使)吻合;相配,匹配53.evaluate: judge the worth of something v.评价,估价54.position: cause to be in an appropriate place, state, or relation v. 给……定位55.merger: the combination of two or more commercial companies n. (两个公司的)合并56.foundamentals: principles from which other truths can be derivedn. 原理;基本原则,基本法则57.proximity: the property of being close together n. 接近,临近;接近度58.procedure: a particular course of action intended to achieve a result n.程序,手续;工序59.adaptability: the ability to change ( or be changed ) to fit changed circumstances.n.适应性;合用性60.adversity: a state of misfortune or affication n.逆境;不幸;灾难单元测试【unit1—6】【含答案】单元测试一I .Useful expressionsGroup A1一系列的a range of2与相结合in combinationwith3源自,起源于derivefrom4追溯到date back to5指的是refer to6专门经营;专门从事specialize in 7涉及,参与be involved in8在规模上0n a ...scale9被称作,叫做be known as10依照,根据in the light of Group B11儿科学知识scientific knowledge 12实践知识practical knowledge 13应用科学applied science14科学原理scientific principle15操作条件operating condition 16预期功能intended function17机械原理mechanical principle18民用建筑civilian structure19技术学科technical discipline20分支学科sub-discipline21基础设施infrastructure==========================22制造工程manufacturing engineering 23技术产品technological products24客户需求customers' needs25技术手段technical means26标准概念standard notion27因果关系cause-effect relation28结果与手段的关系end-mean relation 29自然法则the laws of nature30道德准则moral rules31跨学科课程interdisciplinarycoursesⅡ.MatchingColumn A Column B(h )1 depict(f )2.biomolecule(j )3.discipline(a )4.obsolete(i )5.overlap(d )6.corrosion(e )7. flaw(b )8.microfabrication (c )9.artefact(g )10. apparatus a) 废弃的;老式的,己过时的b) 微细加工c) 人工制品,人工产物d) 腐蚀,侵蚀,锈蚀e) 瑕疵,缺点f) 生物分子g) 勤仪器,器械h) 描绘,描画i) 重叠部分j) 学科III. Blank Filling1.Engineering is the application of scientific economic , social , practical , and mechanical engineering knowledge in order to invent, design, build, maintain, and improve strctures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.2.Engineering is often characterized as having four main branches: chemical engineering ,civil engineering , electrical engineering , and mechanical engineering .3.The principal task of engineering is simply to take into account the customers' needs and to find the appropriate technical means to accommodate these needs.4.Technology is applied science, i.e. it is the transfonnation of nomological cause-effect relations into end-mean relations5.Applied science is regarded as an _automatic or determined process, Which is merely regulated by the laws of nature .IV. Reading Comprehension551. Nuclear physics has given us encouraging glimpses into infinitesimal structures of matter. Progress is being made in studying the mysteries of the living cell. Scientists are learning how to manipulate molecular particles to produce new drugs, materials, and plastics. The tremendous energy of the sun is being brought within our reach. There is scarcely a source of physical power that is not within the ultimate possibility of C .A ) our imaginationB ) our own destructionC ) human controlD ) space exploration552. The shorter a pendulum is, the faster it swings. Most pendulum clocks have a setscrew by which one may adjust the length of the pendulum when the clock is not keeping accurate time. If the clock is running too fast, the pendulum is swing too fast and it should be C .A ) shortenedB ) stoppedC ) lengthenedD ) replaced553. Power plants that generate electricity by means of atomic energy are in operation in several countries. Scientists hope to solve many of the problems in the use of atomic energy, and many scientists now believe that atomic energy will be the most important source of electric power A A ) in the future B ) when it is tried C ) in the laboratory D ) in the army554. There are a number of nuclear power plants now built or under construction by the government and by investor-owned power companies. Although most of the electricity used in the worid is generated in steam or hydroelectric power plants, nuclear plants will help to meet increasing demands for D .A) electrical appliances B) safe investment C ) weapons research D ) electric power555. Since buildings with steel or ferroconcrete frames can move up and down as one body, they receive little damage from an earthquake. Similarly, the ancient Greeks built their comparatively light temples on massive platforms of masonry set on swampy ground During an earthquake, the platform rocked as a whole, and the temple B .A)was damaged B) stayed C) sank in the swamp D) was destroyedV. Translation1 The discipline of engineering is extremely broad, and encompasses a range of more spescialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied science, technology and types of application.程学科内容广泛,可细分为一系列更加专业的工程领域,每个专业领域都专注于某项科学或技术的具体应用。

医疗不良事件上报流程原因分析及整改措施

医疗不良事件上报流程原因分析及整改措施

医疗不良事件上报流程原因分析及整改措施The analysis of the reasons behind the reporting process of medical adverse events and the measures for improvement.In order to ensure patient safety and quality care, healthcare organizations must have a robust system in place for reporting and managing medical adverse events. However, there are often challenges that arise in this process, leading to underreporting or inadequate response to such incidents. In this article, we will explore the reasons behind these issues and propose some measures that can be taken for improvement.Firstly, one of the reasons behind the underreporting of medical adverse events is a lack of awareness among healthcare professionals. Many clinicians may not fully understand what constitutes an adverse event or may underestimate its importance. This can be addressed through regular training programs and educational campaigns that focus on raising awareness about patient safety andencouraging reporting.医疗不良事件上报流程原因分析及整改措施要确保患者安全和提供优质护理,医疗机构必须建立完善的体系来报告和处理医疗不良事件。

医院审批手续办理流程

医院审批手续办理流程

医院审批手续办理流程Going through the approval process at a hospital can be a daunting task for both patients and their families. 医院审批手续办理流程对患者和家人来说可能是一项令人望而生畏的任务。

From the moment a patient is admitted to a hospital, there are numerous forms to be filled out, permissions to be obtained, and approvals to be sought. 患者入院后,就有许多表格需要填写,需要获得权限,并寻求批准。

This can be overwhelming, especially during a time when emotions are already running high due to the health issues at hand. 这可能是令人难以承受的,尤其是在患者的健康问题已经存在高度紧张情绪的时候。

It is essential for hospitals to streamline this process to reduce stress and anxiety for patients and their loved ones. 医院有必要简化这一流程,以减少患者及其家人的压力和焦虑。

One of the key aspects of the hospital approval process is obtaining consent for medical procedures. 医院审批流程的关键方面之一是获得医疗程序的同意。

Patients must be fully informed of the procedures they are about to undergo and give their consent before any treatment can be administered. 在接受治疗之前,必须充分告知患者他们将要接受的程序,并获得他们的同意。

杭州注册企业的流程

杭州注册企业的流程

杭州注册企业的流程Registering an enterprise in Hangzhou is a complex process that involves several steps and requirements. 杭州注册企业是一个复杂的过程,涉及多个步骤和要求。

The process is generally divided into several key stages, including pre-registration, name approval, business license application, and post-registration procedures. 通常,这个过程分为几个关键阶段,包括预登记,名称核准,营业执照申请和注册后程序。

The first step in registering an enterprise in Hangzhou is to determine the type of business entity you want to establish. 杭州注册企业的第一步是确定您想成立的企业类型。

You can choose from various options, such as a sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability company, or a joint venture. 您可以选择各种选项,如独资企业,合伙企业,有限责任公司或合资企业。

Each type of business entity has its own set of requirements and procedures for registration. 每种类型的企业实体都有自己的注册要求和程序。

Before you can register your enterprise, you need to conduct a name search and obtain approval for your chosen business name. 在注册企业之前,您需要进行名称查询,并获得您选择的商业名称的批准。

申报转基因微生物食品添加剂的流程

申报转基因微生物食品添加剂的流程

申报转基因微生物食品添加剂的流程The process of declaring genetically modified microorganism food additives can be a complex and lengthy one. 申报转基因微生物食品添加剂的过程可能是一个复杂而漫长的过程。

It involves multiple stages of evaluation, assessment, and approval by regulatory authorities. 它涉及到监管机构的多个阶段的评估、评估和批准。

The goal of this process is to ensure the safety and efficacy of the genetically modified microorganism food additives before they are allowed to be used in food products. 这一过程的目标是在转基因微生物食品添加剂被允许用于食品产品之前,确保其安全性和有效性。

It is important to follow the proper procedures and guidelines to ensure compliance with regulations and to protect the health and safety of consumers. 遵循正确的程序和准则,以确保符合法规,并保护消费者的健康和安全,是至关重要的。

The first step in the process of declaring genetically modified microorganism food additives is to submit an application to the regulatory authorities. 申报转基因微生物食品添加剂的过程中的第一步是向监管机构提交申请。

长沙新生儿户口办理流程

长沙新生儿户口办理流程

长沙新生儿户口办理流程Applying for a household registration, or "hukou," for a newborn in Changsha can be a complex and lengthy process. Parents need to navigate through various administrative procedures and requirements to ensure their child is officially registered as a resident of the city. 新生儿的户口办理流程可能会比较复杂和繁琐。

父母需要通过各种行政程序和要求,确保他们的孩子能够正式注册为城市的居民。

The first step in the process is to obtain a birth certificate for the newborn. This document is essential for proving the child's identity and parentage when applying for a hukou. It is usually issued by the hospital where the baby was born and contains important information such as the baby's name, date of birth, and the names of the parents. 流程的第一步是为新生儿获得出生证明。

这个文件对于在办理户口时证明孩子的身份和父母关系是至关重要的。

通常由宝宝出生的医院发放,包含重要信息如宝宝的姓名、出生日期和父母的姓名。

Once the birth certificate is obtained, parents can proceed with applying for the hukou at the local public security bureau. They will need to submit a set of required documents, including the birthcertificate, identification cards of the parents, marriage certificate, and proof of residence in Changsha. The application process may require multiple visits to the bureau and waiting in long queues, which can be time-consuming and frustrating. 一旦拿到出生证明,父母就可以继续在当地的公安局办理户口。

形容国企公司制度流程的词语

形容国企公司制度流程的词语

形容国企公司制度流程的词语英文回答:The system and processes in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) can be described as bureaucratic, hierarchical, and rigid. The decision-making process is often slow and involves multiple layers of approval. There are numerous rules and regulations that must be followed, which can sometimes hinder efficiency and innovation.One aspect of the system is the emphasis on stability and job security. Employees in SOEs enjoy more job security compared to those in private companies. This can be seen as a positive aspect, as it provides stability for employees and their families. However, it can also lead to complacency and a lack of motivation to excel.Another characteristic of the system is the prevalence of red tape. There are often lengthy procedures and paperwork required for even the simplest tasks. This can befrustrating and time-consuming for employees, as well asfor external stakeholders such as customers and suppliers.Additionally, the decision-making process in SOEs is often top-down, with decisions being made by senior management and then cascaded down to lower levels. This can result in a lack of empowerment and autonomy for employees, as they may not have the opportunity to contribute their ideas or make decisions independently.Furthermore, the promotion and advancement within SOEs are often based on seniority rather than merit or performance. This can lead to a lack of motivation and a sense of unfairness among employees. It also discourages innovation and entrepreneurial spirit.Despite these challenges, there are also some advantages to the system. For example, SOEs often have access to significant resources and enjoy government support. This can provide stability and financial security for the company, especially during economic downturns.中文回答:国企公司制度流程可以描述为官僚、等级森严和刻板。

医院专利备案流程

医院专利备案流程

医院专利备案流程The process of filing for a hospital patent can be a lengthy and complicated procedure that requires careful attention to detail and thorough documentation. 医院专利备案流程可能是一个漫长而复杂的程序,需要仔细的注意细节和充分的文档记录。

From the initial idea or invention to the final submission and approval, each step in the process plays a crucial role in determining the success of the patent application. 从最初的想法或发明到最终的提交和批准,流程中的每一步都对确定专利申请的成功起着至关重要的作用。

It is essential for hospital administrators and inventors to understand the requirements and procedures involved in filing for a patent to protect their intellectual property rights and innovations. 医院管理者和发明者必须了解专利备案的要求和程序,以保护他们的知识产权和创新。

Failure to properly navigate the patent filing process could result in lost opportunities for recognition, financial gain, and legal protection.不正确地进行专利备案程序可能会导致被遗漏的获得认可、财务收益和法律保护的机会。

Java编码规则

Java编码规则

Writing Robust Java Code The AmbySoft Inc. Coding Standards for Javav17.01dScott W. AmblerSoftware Process Mentor This Version: January 15, 2000This page left unintentionally blank.(yuk yuk yuk)Purpose of this White PaperThis white paper describes a collection of standards, conventions, and guidelines for writing solid Java code. They are based on sound, proven software engineering principles that lead to code that is easy to understand, to maintain, and to enhance. Furthermore, by following these coding standards your productivity as a Java developer should increase remarkably – Experience shows that by taking the time to write high-quality code right from the start you will have a much easier time modifying it during the development process. Finally, following a common set of coding standards leads to greater consistency, making teams of developers significantly more productive.Important Features of This White Paper•Existing standards from the industry are used wherever possible – You can reuse more than just code.•The reasoning behind each standard is explained so that you understand why you should follow it.•Viable alternatives, where available, are also presented along with their advantages and disadvantages so that you understand the tradeoffs that have been made.•The standards presented in this white paper are based on real-world experience from numerous object-oriented development projects. This stuff works in practice, not just theory.•These standards are based on proven software-engineering principles that lead to improved development productivity, greater maintainability, and greater enhancability.T arget AudienceP rofessional software developers who are interested in:•Writing Java code that is easy to maintain and to enhance•Increasing their productivity•Working as productive members of a Java development teamHelp Me Improve These StandardsBecause I welcome your input and feedback, please feel free to email me at scott@ with your comments and suggestions. Let’s work together and learn from one another.AcknowledgmentsThe following people have provided valuable input into the development and improvement of these standards, and I would like to recognize them for it.Stephan Marceau Lyle Thompson David Pinn Larry VirdenEva Greff Wayne Conrad Michael Appelmans William GilbertGraham Wright Alex Santos Kiran Addepalli Brian SmithLarry Allen Dick Salisbury Bruce Conrad Michael FinneyJohn Pinto Vijay Eluri Carl Zimmerman Hakan SoderstromBill Siggelkow Camille Bell Fredrik Nystrom Cory RadcliffKathy Eckman Guy Sharf Scott HarperKyle Larson Robert Marshall Peter C.M. HaightMark Brouwer Gerard Broeksteeg Helen GilmoreScott W. AmblerJanuary 2000This page also left unintentionally blank. (although now it isn’t quite as funny)Table of Contents1.GENERAL CONCEPTS (1)1.1W HY C ODING S TANDARDS ARE I MPORTANT (1)1.2T HE P RIME D IRECTIVE (1)1.3W HAT M AKES U P A G OOD N AME (2)1.4G OOD D OCUMENTATION (3)1.4.1The Three Types of Java Comments (4)1.4.2 A Quick Overview of javadoc (5)1.5A MBLER’S L AW OF S TANDARDS (6)2.STANDARDS FOR MEMBER FUNCTIONS (7)2.1N AMING M EMBER F UNCTIONS (7)2.1.1Naming Accessor Member Functions (7)2.1.1.1Getters (7)2.1.1.1.1Alternative Naming Convention for Getters – Has and Can (8)2.1.1.2Setters (8)2.1.1.3Constructors (8)2.2M EMBER F UNCTION V ISIBILITY (9)2.3D OCUMENTING M EMBER F UNCTIONS (9)2.3.1The Member Function Header (9)2.3.2Internal Documentation (11)2.4T ECHNIQUES FOR W RITING C LEAN C ODE (12)2.4.1Document Your Code (12)2.4.2Paragraph/Indent Your Code (13)2.4.3Paragraph and Punctuate Multi-Line Statements (13)2.4.4Use Whitespace in Your Code (14)2.4.5Follow The Thirty-Second Rule (14)2.4.6Write Short, Single Command Lines (14)2.4.7Specify the Order of Operations (14)2.5J AVA C ODING T IPS (15)2.5.1Organize Your Code Sensibly (15)2.5.2Place Constants on the Left Side of Comparisons (15)3.STANDARDS FOR FIELDS (ATTRIBUTES/PROPERTIES) (16)3.1N AMING F IELDS (16)3.1.1Use a Full English Descriptor for Field Names (16)3.1.1.1Alternative – Hungarian Notation (16)3.1.1.2Alternative – Leading or Trailing Underscores (17)3.1.2Naming Components (Widgets) (17)3.1.2.1Alternative for Naming Components – Hungarian Notation (17)3.1.2.2Alternative for Naming Components – Postfix-Hungarian Notation (17)3.1.3Naming Constants (18)3.1.4Naming Collections (19)3.1.4.1Alternative for Naming Collections – The ‘Some’ Approach (19)3.1.5Do Not “Hide” Names (19)3.2F IELD V ISIBILITY (20)3.3D OCUMENTING A F IELD (21)3.4T HE U SE OF A CCESSOR M EMBER F UNCTIONS (21)3.4.1Naming Accessors (22)3.4.2Advanced Techniques for Accessors (23)3.4.2.1Lazy Initialization (23)3.4.2.2Getters for Constants (24)3.4.2.3Accessors for Collections (26)3.4.2.4Accessing Several Fields Simultaneously (26)3.4.3Visibility of Accessors (27)3.4.4Why Use Accessors? (28)3.4.5Why Shouldn’t You Use Accessors? (28)3.5A LWAYS I NITIALIZE S TATIC F IELDS (29)4.STANDARDS FOR LOCAL VARIABLES (30)4.1N AMING L OCAL V ARIABLES (30)4.1.1Naming Streams (30)4.1.2Naming Loop Counters (30)4.1.3Naming Exception Objects (31)4.1.4Bad Ideas for Naming Local Variables (31)4.2D ECLARING AND D OCUMENTING L OCAL V ARIABLES (32)4.2.1General Comments About Declaration (32)5.STANDARDS FOR PARAMETERS (ARGUMENTS) TO MEMBER FUNCTIONS (33)5.1N AMING P ARAMETERS (33)5.1.1Alternative – Prefix Parameter Names with ‘a’ or ‘an’ (33)5.1.2Alternative – Name Parameters Based on Their Type (33)5.1.3Alternative – Name Parameters The Same as Their Corresponding Fields (if any) (34)5.2D OCUMENTING P ARAMETERS (34)6.STANDARDS FOR CLASSES, INTERFACES, PACKAGES, AND COMPILATION UNITS (35)6.1S TANDARDS FOR C LASSES (35)6.1.1Class Visibility (35)6.1.2Naming Classes (35)6.1.3Documenting a Class (36)6.1.4Class Declarations (37)6.1.4.1Apply The “final” Keyword Sensibly (37)6.1.4.2Ordering Member Functions and Fields (37)6.1.5Minimize the Public and Protected Interface (38)6.2S TANDARDS FOR I NTERFACES (39)6.2.1Naming Interfaces (39)6.2.2Documenting Interfaces (39)6.3S TANDARDS FOR P ACKAGES (40)6.3.1Naming Packages (40)6.3.2Documenting a Package (40)6.4S TANDARDS FOR C OMPILATION U NITS (41)6.4.1Naming a Compilation Unit (41)6.4.2Documenting a Compilation Unit (41)7.MISCELLANEOUS STANDARDS/ISSUES (42)7.1R EUSE (42)7.2U SE W ILD C ARDS W HEN I MPORTING C LASSES (42)7.2.1Alternative – Explicitly Specify Each Imported Class (42)7.3O PTIMIZING J AVA C ODE (43)7.4W RITING J AVA T EST H ARNESSES (46)8.THE SECRETS OF SUCCESS (47)8.1U SING T HESE S TANDARDS E FFECTIVELY (47)8.2O THER F ACTORS T HAT L EAD TO S UCCESSFUL C ODE (48)9.PROPOSED JAVADOC TAGS FOR MEMBER FUNCTIONS (50)10.WHERE TO GO FROM HERE (51)10.1C REATING Y OUR O WN I NTERNAL C ORPORATE G UIDELINES? (51)10.1.1Using This PDF File (51)10.1.2Obtaining the Source Document for This File (51)11.SUMMARY (52)11.1J AVA N AMING C ONVENTIONS (53)11.2J AVA D OCUMENTATION C ONVENTIONS (55)11.2.1Java Comment Types (55)11.2.2What To Document (56)11.3J AVA C ODING C ONVENTIONS (G ENERAL) (57)GLOSSARY (58)REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING (62)12.ABOUT THE AUTHOR (64)13.INDEX (65)1. General ConceptsI’d like to start this white paper with a discussion of some general concepts that I feel are important for coding standards. I begin with the importance of coding standards, propose the “Prime Directive” for standards, and then follow with the factors that lead to good names and good documentation. This section will set the stage for the rest of this white paper, which covers standards and guidelines for Java coding.1.1 Why Coding Standards are ImportantCoding standards for Java are important because they lead to greater consistency within your code and the code of your teammates. Greater consistency leads to code that is easier to understand, which in turn means it is easier to develop and to maintain. This reduces the overall cost of the applications that you create.You have to remember that your Java code will exist for a long time, long after you have moved on to other projects. An important goal during development is to ensure that you can transition your work to another developer, or to another team of developers, so that they can continue to maintain and enhance your work without having to invest an unreasonable effort to understand your code. Code that is difficult to understand runs the risk of being scrapped and rewritten – I wouldn’t be proud of the fact that my code needed to be rewritten, would you? If everyone is doing their own thing then it makes it very difficult to share code between developers, raising the cost of development and maintenance.Inexperienced developers, and cowboys who do not know any better, will often fight having to follow standards. They claim they can code faster if they do it their own way. Pure hogwash. They MIGHT be able to get code out the door faster, but I doubt it. Cowboy programmers get hung up during testing when several difficult-to-find bugs crop up, and when their code needs to be enhanced it often leads to a major rewrite by them because they’re the only ones who understand their code. Is this the way that you want to operate? I certainly do not.1.2 The Prime DirectiveNo standard is perfect and no standard is applicable to all situations: sometimes you find yourself in a situation where one or more standards do not apply. This leads me to introduce what I consider to be the prime directive of standards:When you go against a standard, document it. All standards, except for this one, can be broken. If you do so, you must document why you broke the standard, the potential implications of breaking the standard, and any conditions that may/must occur before the standard can be applied to thissituation.The bottom line is that you need to understand each standard, understand when to apply them, and just as importantly when not to apply them.1.3 What Makes Up a Good NameWe will be discussing naming conventions throughout the standards, so let’s set the stage with a few basics:e full English descriptors1 that accurately describe the variable/field/class/… For example, usenames like firstName, grandTotal, or CorporateCustomer. Although names like x1, y1, or fn are easy to type because they’re short, they do not provide any indication of what they represent and result in code that is difficult to understand, maintain, and enhance (Nagler, 1995; Ambler, 1998a).e terminology applicable to the domain. If your users refer to their clients as customers, then use theterm Customer for the class, not Client. Many developers will make the mistake of creating generic terms for concepts when perfectly good terms already exist in the industry/domain.e mixed case to make names readable. You should use lower case letters in general, but capitalizethe first letter of class names and interface names, as well as the first letter of any non-initial word(Kanerva, 1997).e abbreviations sparingly, but if you do so then use them intelligently. This means you shouldmaintain a list of standard short forms (abbreviations), you should choose them wisely, and you should use them consistently. For example, if you want to use a short form for the word “number,” thenchoose one of nbr, no, or num, document which one you chose (it doesn’t really matter which one), and use only that one.5.Avoid long names (< 15 characters is a good idea). Although the class namePhysicalOrVirtualProductOrService might seem to be a good class name at the time (OK, I’mstretching it on this example) this name is simply too long and you should consider renaming it tosomething shorter, perhaps something like Offering (NPS, 1996).6.Avoid names that are similar or differ only in case. For example, the variable names persistentObjectand persistentObjects should not be used together, nor should anSqlDatabase and anSQLDatabase (NPS, 1996).7.Capitalize the first letter of standard acronyms. Names will often contain standard abbreviations, suchas SQL for Standard Query Language. Names such as sqlDatabase for an attribute, or SqlDatabase for a class, are easier to read than sQLDatabase and SQLDatabase.1 I use the term “full English descriptor” throughout this document, but what I really mean is “full [insert your language here] descriptor”, so if the spoken language of your team is French then use full French descriptors everywhere.1.4 Good DocumentationWe will also be discussing documentation conventions, so let’s discuss some of the basics first:ments should add to the clarity of your code. The reason why you document your code is to makeit more understandable to you, your coworkers, and to any other developer who comes after you(Nagler, 1995).2.If your program isn’t worth documenting, it probably isn’t worth running (Nagler, 1995). What can Isay, Nagler hit the nail on the head with this one.3.Avoid decoration, i.e. do not use banner-like comments. In the 1960s and 1970s COBOL programmersgot into the habit of drawing boxes, typically with asterisks, around their internal comments (NPS, 1996).Sure, it gave them an outlet for their artistic urges, but frankly it was a major waste of time that added little value to the end product. You want to write clean code, not pretty code. Furthermore, because many of the fonts used to display and print your code are proportional, and many aren’t, you can’t line up your boxes properly anyway.4.Keep comments simple. Some of the best comments I have ever seen are simple, point-form notes. Youdo not have to write a book, you just have to provide enough information so that others canunderstand your code.5.Write the documentation before you write the code. The best way to document code is to write thecomments before you write the code. This gives you an opportunity to think about how the code will work before you write it and will ensure that the documentation gets written. Alternatively, you should at least document your code as you write it. Because documentation makes your code easier tounderstand you are able to take advantage of this fact while you are developing it. The way I look at it, if you are going to invest the time writing documentation you should at least get something out of it (Ambler, 1998a).6.Document why something is being done, not just what. Fundamentally, I can always look at a piece ofcode and figure out what it does. For example, I can look at the code in Example 1 below and figure out that a 5% discount is being given on orders of $1,000 dollars or more. Why is this being done? Is therea business rule that says that large orders get a discount? Is there a limited-time special on large ordersor is it a permanent program? Was the original programmer just being generous? I do not know unless it is documented somewhere, either in the source code itself or in an external document (Ambler, 1998a).if ( grandTotal >= 1000.00){grandTotal = grandTotal * 0.95;}Example 1.11.4.1 The Three Types of Java CommentsJava has three styles of comments: Documentation comments start with /** and end with */, C-style comments which start with /* and end with */, and single-line comments that start with // and go until the end of the source-code line. In the chart below is a summary of my suggested use for each type of comment, as well as several examples.Comment Type Usage ExampleDocumentation Use documentation commentsimmediately before declarations ofinterfaces, classes, member functions,and fields to document them.Documentation comments are processedby javadoc, see below, to create externaldocumentation for a class./**Customer – A customer is any person or organization that we sell services and products to. @author S.W. Ambler*/C style Use C-style comments to document outlines of code that are no longerapplicable, but that you want to keep justin case your users change their minds, orbecause you want to temporarily turn itoff while debugging./*This code was commented outby J.T. Kirk on Dec 9, 1997because it was replaced by thepreceding code. Delete it after two years if it is still not applicable.. . . (the source code )*/Single line Use single line comments internallywithin member functions to documentbusiness logic, sections of code, anddeclarations of temporary variables.// Apply a 5% discount to all invoices // over $1000 as defined by the Sarek // generosity campaign started in// Feb. of 1995.The important thing is that your organization should set a standard as to how C-style comments and single-line comments are to be used, and then to follow that standard consistently. Use one type to document business logic and use the other to document out old code. I prefer using single-line comments for business logic because I can put the documentation on the same line as the code (this is called endlining and sometimes inlining). I then use C-style comments for documenting out old code because I can comment out several lines at once and because C-style looks very similar to documentation comments I rarely use them so as to avoid confusion.Tip – Beware Endline CommentsMcConnell (1993) argues strongly against the use of endline comments, also known as inline comments or end of line comments. He points out that the comments have to be aligned to the right of the code so that they do not interfere with the visual structure of the code. As a result they tend to be hard to format, and that “if you use many of them, it takes time to align them. Such time is not spent learning more about the code; it is dedicated solely to the tedious task of pressing the spacebar or the tab key.” He also points out that endline comments are also hard to maintain because when the code on the line grows it bumps the endline comment out, and that if you are aligning them you have to do the same for the rest of them. My advice, however, is to not waste your time aligning endline comments.1.4.2 A Quick Overview of javadocIncluded in Sun’s Java Development Kit (JDK) is a program called javadoc that processes Java code files and produces external documentation, in the form of HTML files, for your Java programs. I think that javadoc is a great utility, but at the time of this writing it does have its limitations. First, it supports a limited number of tags, reserved words that mark the beginning of a documentation section. The existing tags are a very good start but I feel are not sufficient for adequately documenting your code. I’ll expand upon this statement later. For now, I present a brief overview of the current javadoc tags in the chart below, and will refer you to the JDK javadoc documentation for further details.Tag Used for Purpose@author name Interfaces,Classes,Interfaces Indicates the author(s) of a given piece of code. One tag per author should be used.@deprecated Interfaces,Classes,MemberFunctions Indicates that the API for the class… has been deprecated and therefore should not be used any more.@exception name description MemberFunctions Describes the exceptions that a member function throws. You should use one tag per exception and give the full class name for the exception.@param name description MemberFunctions Used to describe a parameter passed to a member function, including its type/class and its usage. Use one tag per parameter.@return description MemberFunctions Describes the return value, if any, of a member function. You should indicate the type/class and the potential use(s) of the return value.@since Interfaces,Classes, MemberFunctions Indicates how long the item has existed, i.e. since JDK 1.1@see ClassName Classes,Interfaces,MemberFunctions, Fields Generates a hypertext link in the documentation to the specified class. You can, and probably should, use a fully qualified class name.@see ClassName#member functionName Classes,Interfaces,MemberFunctions, FieldsGenerates a hypertext link in the documentation tothe specified member function. You can, andprobably should, use a fully qualified class name.@version text Classes,Interfaces Indicates the version information for a given piece of code.The way that you document your code has a huge impact both on your own productivity and on the productivity of everyone else who later maintains and enhances it. By documenting your code early in the development process you become more productive because it forces you to think through your logic before you commit it to code. Furthermore, when you revisit code that you wrote days or weeks earlier you can easily determine what you were thinking when you wrote it – it is documented for you already.1.5 Ambler’s Law of StandardsWhenever possible, reuse standards and guidelines, don’t reinvent them. The greater the scope of the standards and guidelines the more desirable they are, industry standards are more desirable than organizational standards which in turn are more desirable than project standards. Projects aren’t developed in a vacuum and organizations do not operate in a vacuum either, therefore the greater the scope of the standard the greater the chance that somebody else is also following it, making it that much easier for you to work together with them.Ambler’s Law of StandardsIndustry standards > organizational standards > project standards >personal standards > no standardsBlatant Advertising – Purchase The Elements of Java Style today!This book (Vermeulen et. al., 2000) presents a collection of strategies forwriting superior Java source code. This book presents a wider range ofguidelines than what is presented here in this paper, and more importantlypresents excellent source code examples. It covers many topics that are notcovered in this paper, such as type safety issues, exception handling,assertions, and concurrency issues such as synchronization. This paper wascombined with Rogue Wave’s internal coding standards and then togetherwere evolved to become The Elements of Java Style, so you should find thebook to be an excellent next step in your Java learning process. Visit/elementsJavaStyle.html for more details.2. Standards For Member FunctionsI’m a firm believer in maximizing the productivity of systems professionals. Because I also recognize that an application spends the majority of its existence being maintained, not developed, I am very interested in anything that can help to make my code easier to maintain and to enhance, as well as to develop. Never forget that the code that you write today may still be in use many years from now and will likely be maintained and enhanced by somebody other than you. You must strive to make your code as “clean” and understandable as possible, because these factors make it easier to maintain and to enhance.In this section we will concentrate on four topics:•Naming conventions•Visibility•Documentation conventions•Techniques for writing clean Java code2.1 Naming Member FunctionsMember Functions should be named using a full English description, using mixed case with the first letter of any non-initial word capitalized. It is also common practice for the first word of a member function name to be a strong, active verb.Examples:openAccount()printMailingLabel()save()delete()This convention results in member functions whose purpose can often be determined just by looking at its name. Although this convention results in a little extra typing by the developer, because it often results in longer names, this is more than made up for by the increased understandability of your code.2.1.1 Naming Accessor Member FunctionsWe will discuss accessors, member functions that get and set the values of fields (fields/properties) in greater detail in chapter 3. The naming conventions for accessors, however, are summarized below.2.1.1.1 GettersGetters are member functions that return the value of a field. You should prefix the word ‘get’ to the name of the field, unless it is a boolean field and then you prefix ‘is’ to the name of the field instead of ‘get.’Examples:getFirstName()getAccountNumber()getLostEh()isPersistent()isAtEnd()By following this naming convention you make it obvious that a member function returns a field of an object, and for boolean getters you make it obvious that it returns true or false. Another advantage of this standard is that it follows the naming conventions used by the beans development kit (BDK) for getter member functions (DeSoto, 1997). The main disadvantage is that ‘get’ is superfluous, requiring extra typing.2.1.1.1.1 Alternative Naming Convention for Getters – Has and CanA viable alternative, based on proper English conventions, is to use the prefix ‘has’ or ‘can’ instead of ‘is’for boolean getters. For example, getter names such as hasDependents() and canPrint() make a lot of sense when you are reading the code. The problem with this approach is that the BDK will not pick up on this naming strategy (yet). You could rename these member functions isBurdenedWithDependents() and isPrintable(). J2.1.1.2 SettersSetters, also known as mutators, are member functions that modify the values of a field. You should prefix the word ‘set’ to the name of the field, regardless of the field type.Examples:setFirstName(String aName)setAccountNumber(int anAccountNumber)setReasonableGoals(Vector newGoals)setPersistent(boolean isPersistent)setAtEnd(boolean isAtEnd)Following this naming convention you make it obvious that a member function sets the value of a field of an object. Another advantage of this standard is that it follows the naming conventions used by the beans development kit (BDK) for setter member functions (DeSoto, 1997). The main disadvantage is that ‘set’ is superfluous, requiring extra typing.2.1.1.3 ConstructorsConstructors are member functions that perform any necessary initialization when an object is first created. Constructors are always given the same name as their class. For example, a constructor for the class Customer would be Customer(). Note that the same case is used.Examples:Customer()SavingsAccount()PersistenceBroker()This naming convention is set by Sun and must be strictly adhered to.2.2 Member Function VisibilityFor a good design where you minimize the coupling between classes, the general rule of thumb is to be as restrictive as possible when setting the visibility of a member function. If member function doesn’t have to be public then make it protected, and if it doesn’t have to be protected then make it private.Visibility Description Proper Usagepublic A public member function can be invoked byany other member function in any otherobject or class.When the member function must be accessible by objects and classes outside of the class hierarchy in which the member function is defined.protected A protected member function can beinvoked by any member function in the classin which it is defined or any subclasses ofthat class.When the member function provides behavior that is needed internally within the class hierarchy but not externally.private A private member function can only beinvoked by other member functions in theclass in which it is defined, but not in thesubclasses.When the member function provides behavior that is specific to the class. Private member functions are often the result of refactoring, also known as reorganizing, the behavior of other member functions within the class to encapsulate one specific behavior.No visibility is indicated. This is called default or package visibility, and is sometimes referred to as friendly visibility. The member function is effectively public to all other classes within the same package, but private to classes external to the package.This is an interesting feature, but be careful with its use. I use it when I’m building domain components (Ambler, 1998b), collections of classes that implement a cohesive business concept such as “Customer”, to restrict access to only the classes within the component/package.2.3 Documenting Member FunctionsThe manner in which you document a member function will often be the deciding factor as to whether or not it is understandable, and therefore maintainable and extensible.2.3.1 The Member Function HeaderEvery Java member function should include some sort of header, called member function documentation, at the top of the source code that documents all of the information that is critical to understanding it. This information includes, but is not limited to the following:1.What and why the member function does what it does. By documenting what a member function doesyou make it easier for others to determine if they can reuse your code. Documenting why it doessomething makes it easier for others to put your code into context. You also make it easier for others to determine whether or not a new change should actually be made to a piece of code (perhaps the reason for the new change conflicts with the reason why the code was written in the first place).2.What a member function must be passed as parameters. You also need to indicate what parameters, ifany, must be passed to a member function and how they will be used. This information is needed so。

申报中药材营业执照流程

申报中药材营业执照流程

申报中药材营业执照流程Applying for a Chinese herbal medicine business license in China can be a complicated and lengthy process. 申请在中国经营中药材的营业执照可能是一个复杂而漫长的过程。

It involves obtaining the necessary permits, meeting regulatory requirements, and navigating through various government agencies. 这涉及获得必要的许可证、符合监管要求,并在各个政府机构之间来回奔波。

While the process can be challenging, it is essential for those looking to operate a Chinese herbal medicine business legally. 尽管这个过程可能颇具挑战,但对于那些希望合法经营中药材生意的人来说是至关重要的。

The first step in applying for a Chinese herbal medicine business license is to establish a legal entity in China. 申请中药材经营许可证的第一步是在中国建立一个合法实体。

This can be done by registering a company with the appropriate governmental authorities.这可以通过向相关政府机构注册公司来实现。

The company will need to have a registered address, a legal representative, and a business scope that includes trading in Chinese herbal medicines. 公司需要有注册地址、一个法定代表人以及一个包括中药材贸易的经营范围。

sonar规则_不理解

sonar规则_不理解

sonar规则_不理解24."HttpServletRequest.getRequestedSessionId()" should not be usedAccording to the Oracle Java API, the HttpServletRequest.getRequestedSessionId() method: Returns the session ID specified by the client. This may not be the same as the ID of the current valid session for this request. If the client did not specify a session ID, this method returns null.The session ID it returns is either transmitted in a cookie or a URL parameter so by definition, nothing prevents the end-user from manually updating the value of this session ID in the HTTP request.Here is an example of a updated HTTP header:GET /pageSomeWhere HTTP/1.1Host: /doc/ea516628.html,User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0Cookie: JSESSIONID=Hacked_Session_Value'''">Due to the ability of the end-user to manually change the value, the session ID in the request should only be used by a servlet container (E.G. Tomcat or Jetty) to see if the value matches the ID of an an existing session. If it does not, the user should be considered unauthenticated. Moreover, this session ID should never be logged to prevent hijacking of active sessions.Noncompliant Code Exampleif(isActiveSession(request.getRequestedSessionId()) ){...}SeeOWASP Top T en 2013 Category A2 - Broken Authenticationand Session ManagementDerived from FindSecBugs rule Untrusted Session Cookie Value返回客户端指定的会话标识。

高压电申请流程

高压电申请流程

高压电申请流程Applying for high-voltage electricity can be a crucial process that requires careful attention to detail. 高压电的申请可能是一个至关重要的过程,需要仔细注意细节。

From my personal experience, I have found that the application process for high-voltage electricity can be quite complex and time-consuming. 从我的个人经验来看,我发现高压电的申请过程可能会非常复杂且耗时。

However, it is important to follow the necessary steps in order to ensure that everything is done correctly. 但是,重要的是要按照必要的步骤来确保一切都做得正确。

One of the first things to consider when applying for high-voltage electricity is to determine the purpose for which it will be used. 在申请高压电时首要考虑的一点是确定它将被用于何种目的。

Whether it is for industrial use, construction, or any other purpose, knowing the intended use of the high-voltage electricity is crucial. 无论是用于工业用途、建筑或其他任何目的,了解高压电的预期用途至关重要。

This will help in determining the amount of electricity needed and the specific requirements for the application. 这将有助于确定所需的电量以及申请的具体要求。

电厂长协煤审批流程

电厂长协煤审批流程

电厂长协煤审批流程英文回答:As a professional in the energy industry, I have had experience with the approval process for long-term coal contracts for power plants. This process involves several steps that are crucial to ensuring the supply of coal for the plant.Firstly, the power plant needs to assess its coal requirements for the long term. This includes estimating the amount of coal needed for a certain period, typically several years. Once this is determined, the plant can start looking for potential coal suppliers that can meet their needs.Next, the plant will need to negotiate the terms of the contract with the selected supplier. This includes discussing the price, delivery schedule, quality requirements, and any other specific conditions that needto be met. This negotiation process can sometimes be lengthy, as both parties need to ensure that theirinterests are protected.After the terms are agreed upon, the contract will need to be reviewed by legal teams from both the power plant and the supplier. This is to ensure that the contract islegally sound and that all terms are clearly defined. Any discrepancies or issues will need to be resolved before the contract can be finalized.Once the contract is finalized, it will need to be approved by the relevant authorities within the power plant. This may involve the finance department, the procurement department, and other stakeholders who need to sign off on the agreement. This approval process is important to ensure that all internal procedures are followed and that the contract aligns with the plant's overall strategy.Finally, once all approvals are obtained, the contract can be signed and implemented. This marks the officialstart of the long-term coal supply agreement, which willhelp ensure the plant's operations run smoothly and efficiently.Overall, the approval process for long-term coal contracts for power plants can be complex and time-consuming, but it is essential for securing a stable and reliable source of fuel for the plant.中文回答:作为能源行业的专业人士,我有经验处理电厂长期煤炭合同的审批流程。

世界贸易组织(wto)

世界贸易组织(wto)

Objectives of the WTO (Cont’d) 世界贸易组 织目标
® Agreements are negotiated and signed by governments, but their ultimate objective is to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers conduct their business as smoothly and freely as possible 各国政府协商并签署协议, 但各国政府的最终目标是帮助商品和服务的生产者,进 口商和出口商尽可能的平稳的,自由的进行他们的生意。
The agreements constitute the legal ground-rules for international commerce. 协定为国际商业制定法律 法规
How the WTO Functions (Cont’d)世界贸易 组织怎么运行
® Essentially, they are contracts, guaranteeing member countries important trade rights. 本质上, 成员签订合同,保证成员国的重要的贸易权力
® They also bind governments to keep their trade policies within agreed limits to everybody’s benefit.
他还约束政府保持他们的同意限制每个人利益的贸 易政策
® The WTO, as part of its function, monitors the consistency of national policies with established trade rules and members’ commitments. 世界贸易 组织的部分功能,监管已制定的贸易法规和成员 许诺的各国政策的一致性
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2007–2008AICPA/AccountempsStudent ScholarshipCompetitive award of $2,500 scholarships for five outstanding AICP A student affiliate members pursuing studies in accounting,finance or information systems who,in the opinion of the Scholarship Selection Committee,show significant potential to become successful business people.Thank you for expressing an interest in the AICP A/Accountemps Student Scholarship. This program provides financial assistance to five student affiliate members of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) pursuing studies in accounting, finance or information systems. These awards are intended to encourage undergraduate and graduate students to consider careers in accounting and business.The Scholarships are available only to full-time undergraduate and graduate students at regionally accredited institutions in the United States. All applicants must be U.S.citizens.Those persons who are already CP As are not eligible for this scholarship.Eligibility requirements differ by academic level, and the application procedures are lengthy, so PLEASE READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS AND THOSE ON THE FOLLOWING P AGES CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU BEGIN TO COMPLETE THIS APPLICATION.The AICP A cannot process and must destroy incomplete or incorrectly submitted applications.The amount of the scholarship is $2,500 each for one year.Recipients are selected by the Scholarship Selection Committee.The selection is based on demonstrated outstanding academic achievement, leadership and future career interests.The deadline for receipt of all application materials is April 1,2007.The AICP A/Accountemps cannot be responsible for materials that are lost or delayed in the mail.Student EligibilityTo be eligible, you must be:ⅪAn AICP A student affiliate member (download an application and information at /Memberships).If you have applied for membership and have not yet received your member number, please indicate “pending” in the space provided on this application.ⅪA declared accounting, finance or information systems major (this must be indicated on your transcript) with an overall and major grade point average (GP A) of at least 3.0.ⅪA student who has satisfactorily completed at least 30semester hours,or 45 quarter hours,or equivalent college work, including at least six (6) semester hours (or equivalent) in accounting.ⅪEnrolled as a full-time undergraduate or graduate student (12 semester hours or equivalent), at an accreditedcollege or university in the United States.Students who will be transferring to a four-year school for the first time must include an acceptance letter from that school. Students attending graduate school must provide an acceptance letter from the graduate school.Application ProcedureTo be considered for the Scholarship, applicants are asked to submit:ⅪThis completed application formⅪOfficial transcripts from undergraduate schools attended ⅪCopies of score reports from graduate school admission test(s) (if applicable)ⅪT wo letters of recommendationOfficial Academic Transcript RequiredAn Official Academic Transcript from the post-secondary institution you are attending is required. Y ou must request that the registrar of your school send this directly to the AICPA. W e will not accept student copies or other unofficial transcripts, or transcripts that arrive after April 1, 2007. Most schools assess a nominal service charge to send official transcripts.Confidential References RequiredY ou must obtain references from two individuals. References should be people who can speak knowledgeably of your professional and academic experience, and of your qualifications for a career in business. Completed reference for ms should be r etur ned to you in sealed envelopes and included with your application form.Payments and RenewalsAwards are made for the academic year following application.The monetary award will be sent directly to the school for credit to the account of the student recipient.For Further InformationPlease read these instructions and those on the following pages carefully before you call for additional information. If you cannot find the answer to your question in the form, please call the AICPA at (919) 402-4006.READ THIS IMPORTANT INFORMATIONWe will not be able to process your application unless you carefully follow these instructions.1.File requests for official transcripts with the registrar of each post-secondary institution you have attended. These transcripts mustbe sent directly to the AICP A at the address below by the school(s) involved, and they must arrive by April 1, 2007.Y our social security number must appear on each transcript so that we can match it with your other application materials. (Unofficial or student copies of transcripts are unacceptable and will be destroyed.)plete Part 1 of each of the enclosed reference forms, then give one form to each of the two individuals you have selected toprovide references. Your references must each complete the form, place it in an envelope, seal the envelope, sign across the flap, and return the envelope to you.Y ou must enclose the sealed reference envelopes with your completed application form.plete Sections A and B of this form, which comprise four pages. It is through this information that the selection committee will“get to know” you, so think carefully about your responses and write clear, well-organized answers. All responses (except signatures) must be typed or neatly printed.4.Please do not staple anything to the application. It is your responsibility to ensure that the registrar(s) of whom you have requestedtranscripts have enough time (usually three to four weeks) to get the transcripts to us by April 1. We can only accept original documents, so you may not fax materials to us. Plan carefully so that your application receives the consideration it deserves.All materials should be sent to:AICPA/Accountemps Student Scholarship ProgramAmerican Institute of CPAs — Team 331220 Leigh Farm RoadDurham, NC 27707The deadline for receipt of all materials is APRIL 1,2007 for Fall 2007 enrollment.Section A.Please TYPE or print all responses.Last name:First name:Permanent address:Area code and telephone number (home/work):E-mail address:Are you a U.S. citizen?ⅪY esⅪ NoAICPA Student Affiliate Membership Number: (must be an AICPA Student Affiliate member to apply) Are you a full-time student?ⅪY esⅪ NoPlease list your scores on the following tests,and enclose a copy of your official test score reports:(if applicable)Graduate Record Examination (GRE)Date Taken: ______________________Score Percentile VerbalQuantitativeTotalGraduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT)Date Taken: ______________________Score Percentile VerbalQuantitativeTotalSection B.Please TYPE or print all responses.Last name: First name: Gender:Ⅺ MaleⅪ FemaleDegree program:Ⅺ BA Ⅺ BS Ⅺ MAcc Ⅺ MBA Ⅺ Other:Major field of study:Expected graduation date:If entering graduate school, to which graduate programs have you applied and been accepted?List all the schools,including the one in which you are currently enrolled,that you have attended.For each school, indicate the dates of attendance, degree(s) or diploma(s) received, major field of study, and overall and major GPA.List your work experience,including part-time and/or summer positions, present employer first. (Y ou may attach a current copy of your resumé, but note that this section must also be completed.)Names and telephone numbers (with area codes) of your references:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________List any honors,scholarships,or awards you have received (indicate date, nature, and amount of award, and granting organization):____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________List any other financial aid you are receiving:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________List any extracurricular activities or professional organizations in which you are an active participant:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Dates Name,City and State Major DegreeGP A GP A From To of School Attended FieldAwardedOverallMajorDates Name,City and State PositionFrom To of EmployerHeldPlease TYPE or print all responses.In the space below, please write a brief essay discussing why you have chosen a career in business and/or how you wouldinfluence others to pursue a similar path. Do not exceed the space provided.I certify that I am eligible for an AICP A/Accountemps scholarship.I certify that all information provided on this application and all supporting documents are correct,complete and accurate.I am aware that the AICP A posts scholarship winners on their Web site and shares the information with State CP A societies,universities,and others.For further information onAICP A’s Privacy Policy please visit /privacy.htm.Signature Date ISO Certified0259-0462007–2008 Student ScholarshipReference FormPart 1.To be completed by applicant. Please TYPE or print all responses.Last name:First name:I agree that the reference I am requesting shall be held in confidence by Accountemps and the AICPA, its officials and agents, and I hereby waive any rights to examine it.Ⅺ Y esⅪ NoApplicant’s signature:_________________________________________________________Date:______________________ Name of reference:_______________________________________________________________________________________ Organization and title:____________________________________________________________________________________ Address:_______________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 2.To be completed by reference.How long and in what capacity have you known the applicant?____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Are you aware of the applicant’s academic record?Ⅺ Y esⅪ NoPlease assess the applicant in the following areas and indicate the reference group used for your judgments (i.e., employees, students): Reference group:please turn over . . .If English is not the applicant’s native language, please comment on his/her oral and written English proficiency:Summary Evaluation:Please indicate your overall recommendation for this applicant:ⅪHighly recommendedⅪRecommendedⅪRecommended, with reservationⅪNot recommendedPlease provide a written evaluation of the applicant for the Selection Committee. Y our candid assessment of the applicant’s potential for success as a business professional and demonstrated leadership would be most helpful to the committee in their selection process.Reference’s signature: ________________________________________________________Date:Please place this form in a sealed envelope,sign your name across the flap,and return it to the candidate.Thank you.0249-0462007–2008 Student ScholarshipReference FormPart 1.To be completed by applicant. Please TYPE or print all responses.Last name:First name:I agree that the reference I am requesting shall be held in confidence by Accountemps and the AICPA, its officials and agents, and I hereby waive any rights to examine it.Ⅺ Y esⅪ NoApplicant’s signature:_________________________________________________________Date:______________________ Name of reference:_______________________________________________________________________________________ Organization and title:____________________________________________________________________________________ Address:_______________________________________________________________________________________________ Part 2.To be completed by reference.How long and in what capacity have you known the applicant?____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Are you aware of the applicant’s academic record?Ⅺ Y esⅪ NoPlease assess the applicant in the following areas and indicate the reference group used for your judgments (i.e., employees, students): Reference group:please turn over . . .If English is not the applicant’s native language, please comment on his/her oral and written English proficiency:Summary Evaluation:Please indicate your overall recommendation for this applicant:ⅪHighly recommendedⅪRecommendedⅪRecommended, with reservationⅪNot recommendedPlease provide a written evaluation of the applicant for the Selection Committee. Y our candid assessment of the applicant’s potential for success as a business professional and demonstrated leadership would be most helpful to the committee in their selection process.Reference’s signature: ________________________________________________________Date:Please place this form in a sealed envelope,sign your name across the flap,and return it to the candidate.Thank you.0249-046。

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