A Model for Conducting Strategy Training
同等学力申硕英语真题及答案
同等学力申硕英语真题及答案一、听力理解1. A) The man is looking for a new job.B) The man is planning to start his own business.C) The man is considering taking a vacation.D) The man is discussing his career plans with a friend.答案：B2. A) The woman is late for the meeting.B) The woman is worried about the weather.C) The woman is concerned about her presentation.D) The woman is discussing her travel plans.答案：C二、词汇与语法3. The company has recently ________ a new marketing strategy.A) implementedB) demonstratedC) speculatedD) deteriorated答案：A4. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work was ________on schedule.A) postponedB) acceleratedC) delayedD) maintained答案：D三、阅读理解Passage 1In the past decade, the use of renewable energy sources has grown significantly. This trend is driven by the increasing awareness of environmental issues and the need for sustainable development. Governments around the world are investing in research and development to improve the efficiency of renewable energy technologies.5. What is the main reason for the growth in renewable energy use?A) Economic benefitsB) Environmental concernsC) Technological advancementsD) Government policies答案：B6. What does the passage suggest about the future of renewable energy?A) It will be replaced by nuclear energy.B) It will continue to grow.C) It will face significant challenges.D) It will be limited to certain regions.答案：BPassage 2The digital transformation of businesses has led to an increase in the demand for skilled professionals in the field of information technology. Companies are now seeking individuals with expertise in areas such as data analysis, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence to stay competitive in the global market.7. What is the primary focus of the passage?A) The impact of digital transformation on businesses.B) The need for skilled professionals in IT.C) The challenges faced by companies in the digital age.D) The role of artificial intelligence in business.答案：B8. According to the passage, what are companies looking for in potential employees?A) Experience in traditional industries.B) Knowledge of data analysis and cybersecurity.C) Proficiency in foreign languages.D) Expertise in marketing and sales.答案：B四、写作9. Write an essay on the topic "The Importance of Lifelong Learning in the 21st Century". Your essay should be no less than 300 words.答案：Lifelong learning has become an essential aspect of personal and professional development in the 21st century. With the rapid pace of technological advancements and the ever-changing global landscape, individuals must continuously update their skills and knowledge to remain relevant and competitive. This essay will discuss the importance of lifelong learning and its impact on individuals, organizations, and society as a whole.Firstly, lifelong learning enables individuals to adapt to new technologies and work environments. As industries evolve and new job roles emerge, the ability to learn and apply new skills is crucial for career advancement and job security. For instance, professionals in the field of software development must continuously learn about new programming languages and frameworks to stay current in their field.Secondly, organizations benefit from a workforce that engages in lifelong learning. A skilled and knowledgeable workforce can lead to increased productivity, innovation, and competitiveness. Companies that invest in the professional development of their employees are more likely to attract and retain top talent, which in turn contributes to the overall success of the organization.Lastly, society as a whole benefits from a population that values lifelong learning. A well-educated and skilled workforce can drive economic growth, improve public health, and foster social cohesion. Moreover, lifelong learning promotes a culture of curiosity and critical thinking, which is vital for addressing complex social issues and fostering a sense of civic responsibility.In conclusion, lifelong learning is not just a personal endeavor but a collective responsibility. It is essential for individuals to stay competitive, for organizations to thrive, and for society to progress. As we navigate the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century, the commitment to lifelong learning will be a key determinant of success.请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的同等学力申硕英语真题及答案可能会有所不同。
A Framework of Model-Driven Web Application Testing
A Framework of Model-Driven Web Application TestingNuo Li, Qin-qin Ma, Ji Wu, Mao-zhong Jin, Chao Liu Software Engineering Institute, School of Computer Science and Engineering,Beihang University, ChinaSeraphicln, maqinqinmail @ wuji, jmz, liuchao@AbstractWeb applications have become complex and crucial in many fields. In order to assure their quality, a high demand for systematic methodologies of Web application testing is emerging.In this paper, a methodology of Model-Driven Testing (MDT) for Web application is presented. Model is the core of this method. Web application model is built to describe the system under testing. Test case models are generated based-on the web application model. Test deployment model and test control model are designed to describe the environment and process of test execution. The test engine executes test cases based-on the test deployment and control model automatically. After that, testing results are reflected to test case models.A framework is designed for supporting this methodology. In order to get better extensibility and flexibility, it is loose-coupled by a modeler and a tester. The modeler enables developers to design meta-models, and is responsible for creating, visualizing and saving models. The tester takes in charge of recovering the tested Web application model, generating test cases, and executing test.1. IntroductionWeb Applications (WA) have become the core business for many companies in major market areas. Correspondingly, the quality of WA is becoming crucial. Therefore, more than 300 commercial or open source WA testing tools are developed. They focus on different aspects of WA respectively [1]. But, because WAs are complex, distributed and rapidly updated software systems, the testing of them is still an arduous task, and traditional testing methodologies may not be adequate.MDT is a promising approach for the visualization and automation of software testing. It offers a suite of visualized means to define, execute and analyze testing, and reduces the testing time by reusing common test functions. Furthermore, it separates the testing logic from the test implementation. This enables developers to focus on designing good tests specific to applications while relying on the toolset's test execution environment to solve problems related test execution.[2]In this paper, a framework, named MDWATP, is proposed for applying MDT process to WAs. After providing a brief review of existing work in model-driven WA testing in section 2, section 3 defines our test models around different views of MDT. And then, section 4 shows details of the MDWATP framework. Lastly, section 5 summarizes and discusses future work.2. Related workMany researchers study how to assure the quality of WAs by model based methods. The major of them focus on development modeling [3,4,5], while some others are studying test models especially [6,7,9]. Test model and development model are different, but theyassociate with each other. Since they orient the same codes, sometimes test models could be translated from development models. However, because WAs are usually directly coded and no, or poor, documentation is produced during development, it is better to build test models for WAs by reverse engineering.Di Lucca et al. [6,8] exploits an UML model of a WA as a test model, and proposes a definition of the unit level for testing the WA. Based on the model, a method to test the single units of a WA and for the integration testing is proposed.Ricca and Tonella [9] also propose a UML model of WAs for their high level representation. Such a model drives WA testing, in which it can be exploited to define white box testing criteria. Compared with the model defined by Di Lucca et al., their model aims at explicitly representing user navigations.Besides UML models, there are other models being adopted to describe the tested WA. Liu et al. [7] propose an object-oriented WA testing model. The test model captures both structural and behavioral test artifacts of WA and represents the artifacts form the object, behavior, and structure perspectives.Most of the previous studies focused on the definition of WA test model and the strategy of test case generation [6,7,9]. Although some of them offered a framework to create models and execute tests, it is not enough to arrange testing on demand. The testing of WAs usually is distributed. Therefore test environment and execution process should be modeled.In order to deal with this problem, MDT proposes a methodology to support modeling the process of testing, and automatically create test execution environment. And the UML2 Testing Profile (U2TP) is proposed as a language to design, visualize, specify, analyze, construct and document the artifacts of test systems [10]. The Eclipse Test and Performance Tools Platform (TPTP) [11] contains an open-source implementation of U2TP. And the IBM Haifa Research lab developed a MDT package which supports the behavioral modeling of distributed applications, test generation, test execution, and test analysis [14]. But both TPTP and Haifa’s MDT package do not focus on WAs testing. 3. Model-Driven Web Application TestingTest model is the core conception of MDT; it appears as different views in different phases of testing (see figure 1). Firstly, the System Under Test View (SUT View) presents the model of the system being tested. Based-on the SUT View, test cases are automatically or semi-automatically generated. The generated test cases are described in the Test Case View. After that, the process and environment of test execution are modeled in the Test Execution View. Then the MDT execution engine automatically executes test cases based-on models described in the Test Execution View. Finally, test results are represented in the Test Result View. In addition to generate report forms of test results, the system can modify models in previous phases for visual presentation of test results. Theiterative process is a great help for regression testing.Figure 1. Different views of MDT By referring to previous studies about WA models, we propose a lightweight model of tested WA. According to the MDT different views, test case model, test deployment model, test control model and test result model are also defined. All of these models extend UML2.0 based-on Meta-Object Facility (MOF) [12] mechanism. This section introduces the definition of these models; the implementations of them are depicted in section 4.3.1 System under test viewNavigation is a basic characteristic of WA; WAs provide users services and obtain user input through navigation and other HTML components. We also noticed that large numbers of HTML pages are dynamically generated in the server side. Because of the flexibility of programming, it is hard to predict what the result will be before program execution. Sowe adopt navigation model as test model of WAs, and attempt to get it from client side by analyzing HTML pages.By referring to the UML model proposed by Di Lucca et al. [6,8] and Ricca and Tonella [9], Class diagram of UML is extended to define our Web Application Navigation Model (WANM). WANM depicts the navigation relations among the client pages, and hyperlinks and forms in each client page. HTML elements are modeled as classes generalizing the Class class from UML2. And relations between the elements generalize the Association class from UML2. [13] Compared with the other WA test models, WANM is easier to be implemented in projects, satisfies the requirements of building WA test model from client side, and contains relative information of functional testing.3.2 Test case viewTest case model extends UML sequence diagram. Each test case is a sequence of client pages to be accessed. A client page to be accessed is an instance of a client page class in WANM with an arbiter, where the expected contents for accessing the next page are stored.In order to satisfy the continuously changing needs and requirements deriving from the evolving application domain，existing WAs are modified frequently and quickly [8]. As a result, test data for WA should be general, adaptive and reusable. In this situation, data pool is very appropriate for WA testing.A data pool is a collection of data partitions or explicit values that are used by test engine; it provides a means for providing values or data partitions for repeated tests [10]. The forms contained in the client page to be accessed could be assigned by the data selected from data pool.3.3 Test execution viewIn the test execution view, two kinds of models are defined: the test deployment model and the test control model. Because test cases of WAs usually need to be run on several client computers, test deployment model is required to describe the test environment. And the test control model is used to plan test execution process.The test deployment model extends the deployment diagram of UML2. It has three basic elements: test center, test node, and test script. The two previous elements generalize the Node class from UML2; the test script generalizes the Artifact class from UML2. The test center stands for the computer which controls test nodes, and collects test results from them. A test node is a computer that actually executes test. Test scripts would be automatically generated from test cases, and deployed on these test nodes.The test control model extends the UML activity diagram. The TestInvocation class is defined by generalizing the Action class from UML2. It associates with test node. The relation between TestInvocation objects controls the execution order of the test nodes.In order to organize and manage the test deployment model and the test control model, we defined the test architecture model based-on U2TP. The test architecture model is not shown to users. The Test context, which is a collection of test cases together with a test configuration on the basis of which the test cases are executed [10], is defined in this model.3.4 Test result viewTest result model is defined to save and present test results. And besides being shown in reports, test results would be associated with test case models.Test results are classified as test trace result and test verdict result. The test trace result is a behavior description of execution. Each test trace result records execution time and error or exception information during the execution. The test verdict result is the assessment of the correctness of system under test. The test verdict result of a test case is calculated by comparing with the excepted test results.4. The framework of MDWATPMDWATP offers a framework to support themodel-driven WA testing defined in section 3. It provides two ways to build the model of the tested WAs: forward and reverse modeling.Figure 2 shows MDWATP’s architecture. It is developed as Eclipse Plug-in. The Modeler takes in charge of customizing, building, visualizing and saving test models. The Tester is responsible for recoveringthe WANM, generating test cases and executing test.Figure 2. Architecture of MDWATPThe Modeler and the Tester are separated to make MDWATP more extensible and flexible. The Modeler is an independent Eclipse plug-in which implements two kinds of extension mechanisms of UML2: MOF and Profile. Therefore the Modeler not only implements meta-models defined in section 3, but also can specify any other models extended from UML2. And for the other test models, the Tester in MDWATP could be replaced independently.4.1 ModelerThe Basic Framework of Model Editor is the core of the Modeler . It implements common functions of the Modeler , including interpretation and processing of user input, configuration of interface, connection with the Static Semantic Module and definition and checking of abstract syntactic, edit operations and geometrical relations.The Static Semantic Module contains the definition of meta-models. In MDWATP, all the meta-models defined in section 3 are implemented in this module . The Definition Unit of Model and Editor consists of a meta-graph library, a model editor definition file and an interface description file. The interface description file defines the main interface of the modeleditor. When a model editor is running, this information would be loaded to create the corresponding model editor. After the model editor is loaded, all of the predefined models in the Static Semantic Module could be created and edited.The Model Storage is responsible to save all of the generated models in database.4.2 TesterThe Tester semi-automatically recovers the WANM, generates test cases, and automatically executes testing.The Spider and the Parser in the Tester abstract navigation and form information from HTML pages. Because some client pages are dynamically created on server based-on user input, the WANM couldn’t be adequately retrieved only by the Spider and the Parser . Therefore, MDWATP offers two means to extend the WANM. Firstly, HTML elements defined in the WANM could be manually added and edited. Since developers know well of the result page that will be generated after a form is submitted, they can extend the model directly. Secondly, user could input data for the form in client page and let the Tester extends the WANM automatically base-on the input data. The generated models are visualized and saved by the Modeler .Figure 3 demonstrates an example of WANM. The WA under testing is a digital library. The first two columns of client pages and forms contained in them are recovered by the Tester . The filled square nodes stand for server pages. The client pages P , A, Welcome, History and Error are directly added into this model by user through the Modeler . The two Search Results client pages are generated automatically after the Check Form is input and submitted to server.The Test Case Generator in the Tester generates test cases based-on the WANM. Paths in WANM could be covered to generate test cases. And the Test Case Generator supports to record the user’s clicking action on the WANM. The test data needed for test case could be selected from data pool. And the expected result is edited in an arbiter view.Figure 3. Demonstration of a WANMFigure 4 depicts a test case model generated by recording the sequence of user clicks on the WANM shown in figure 3. Firstly, the Home Page was accessed. Then the hyperlink of My Account on the Home Page was clicked. After the User Info form was inputted by the data selected from its data pool and submitted to server, Error page was returned. Finally, the History page was accessed by inputting its URL in a browser. The data in the first square brackets on each message describes the mode of page transfer. And in the second square brackets, the data briefly shows the expected results after the action is executed. For example, “Please log in…” would be presented in the History page, if it was accessed before the correct user nameand password were input.Figure 4. Demonstration of a test case modelTest scripts would be automatically generated from test cases, and executed by the Execution Engine based-on the test deployment model and the test control model. Finally, all test results distributed in different computers are collected, and shown by a test report while appended to test case models. Figure 5 and figure 6 show examples of a test deployment model and a test control model designed in a deployment model editorand a control model editor respectively.Figure 5. Example of a test deployment model The test deployment model depicted in figure 5 contains a test center (TestServer ), three test nodes (NuoLi, JiWu and PC Server ) and three test scripts. TestServer controls the execution process and collects test results.Figure 6. Demonstration of a test control model Figure 6 shows the execution flow of the three test nodes. The test scripts deployed on NuoLi and JiWu would be parallel executed. Then the PC Server would be invocated when both of the execution on NuoLi and JiWu finished.Figure 7 shows the execution result of the test case shown in figure 4. The results are also modeled and take similar form of the original test case. The rectangle on each lifeline displays the test results ofeach step in the test case. And the last one is the final test result of the test case.Figure 7. Demonstration of a test result model5. ConclusionsA serial of models for MDT of WA is defined and a framework supporting them is presented in this paper. The framework supports building tested WA model and test case model by a semi-automatic procedure, enables testers to design test deployment model and test control model, and implements distributed test execution. It is designed as Eclipse plug-in, and separated into a tester and a modeler. The tester and the modeler are independently. The modeler not only supports to build the test models defined in this paper, but also could specify any other models extended from UML2.Compared with the TPTP and the MDT package of Haifa, MDWATP focuses on WA’s testing, allows user to define meta-models, and offers a more friend user interface. MDWATP supports the transition of models. If the WANM changes, the others will automatically updated.Since MDWATP is still under development, more work is needed to enable testing majority of real WAs. The automatic generation of test data is still a difficult problem. The log files in server may be utilized to help the generation of test data. Furthermore, rules can be concluded to help user to modify model for test cases generation.References:[1] R.Hower, Web Site Test Tools and Site Management Tools, /qatweb1.html. Last modified in January 28, 2006./Referenced in February 21, 2006.[2] Model Driven Testing Tools Whitepaper. IBM Haifa Research Laboratory. 2003-07-31 /projects/verification/mdt/papers/MDTWhitePaper.pdf [3] J.Conallen, “Modeling Web Application Architectures with UML”, Communications of the ACM, Vol.42, No.10, 1999, pp. 63-70.[4] L. Baresi, F. Garzotto, and P. Paolini, “Extending UML for Modeling Web Applications”. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE Computer Society, Maui, Hawaii, 2001.[5] J. Li, J. Chen, and P. Chen. “Modeling Web Application Architecture with UML”, Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Xi’an, 2000, pp. 265-274.[6] G. A. Di Lucca, A. R. Fasolino, F. Faralli, and U. De Carlini. “Testing Web Applications”, Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM 2002), Maintaining Distributed Heterogeneous Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Montreal, 2002, pp. 310-319.[7] D. C. Kung, C. H. Liu, P. Hsia, “An object-oriented web test model for testing Web applications”, Proceedings of the 1st Asia-Pacific Conference on Quality Software, IEEE Computer Society, Hong Kong, 2000, pp. 111-120.[8] G. A. Di Lucca, A. R. Fasolino, F. Faralli, and U. De Carlini, “WARE: a tool for the Reverse Engineering of Web Applications”, Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, IEEE Computer Society, Budapest, 2002, pp. 241-250.[9] F. Ricca and P. Tonella, “Analysis and Testing of Web Applications”, Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, IEEE Computer Society, Toronto, Ontario, 2001, pp.25-34.[10] UML 2.0 Testing Profile Specification. OMG Adopted Specification. 2003-08-03.[11] Eclipse Test & Performance Tools Platform Project. /tptp/. Last modified in September 15, 2005/ Referenced in February 21, 2006.[12] Meta Object Facility (MOF) 2.0 Core Specification. OMG Adopted Specification. 2003-10-04[13] N. Li, J. Wu, M.Z. Jin, and C. Liu. “The Design of a Web Application Testing Model”, Acta Electronica Sinica, l33 (12A), 2005, pp.2376-2380.[14] A. Hartman and K. Nagin, “The AGEDIS Tools for Model Based Testing”, Proceedings of the ACM/SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, ACM 2004, Boston, 2004, pp. 129-132.。
高考英语外刊阅读训练之阅读理解人工智能如何改变教育讲义
23年高考英语外刊阅读训练——阅读理解：人工智能如何转变教育——改编自How Artificial Intelligence Is Changing Education AI, or artificial intelligence, has bee increasingly prevalent in everyday life. Programmers code and "train〞puters to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual recognition, artificial speech, and problem solving. AI algorithms work behind the scenes to customize ads and content online, and natural language processors interact and respond with users in a conversational manner. AI chatbots are now widely available and can be used for a variety of purposes such as customer service and generating sales leads.One example of an AI that may help protect individuals is “Take It Down,〞a bot developed by Meta to help teenagers remove unauthorized photos from the internet. While there are concerns about AI bots collecting data and invading privacy, AI automation can save time and improve efficiency in many areas, including this task that would otherwise take hours to perform manually.The current generation of AI chatbots still face limitations in fully simulating human emotions and attending to nuanced language cues in human conversations. This reflects the biases and stereotypes "learned" from their creators. AI developers must continue to work on improving AI processing and linguistics for a more humanized approach.AI may also change how we approach education and tutoring. AI tutoring programs and AIassisted mental health services could provide 24/7 accessibility for students and personalized assessments for academic, behavioral, and mental health issues. However, concerns remain over the potential misuse of AI technology for cheating and plagiarism in academic settings.Despite concerns about privacy and the scifi notion of AI robots taking over, AI will continue to open up new discoveries in all aspects of life. This technology carries both risks and benefits, but if used with care, it can bring positive developments while avoiding risks to livelihoods and privacy.【重点词汇】1. AI /ˌɑːtɪˌɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/ n. 人工智能，人工才智2. artificial /ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 人造的，人工的3. intelligence /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/ n. 智能，才智4. programmer /ˈprəʊɡræmər/ n. 程序员，编程者5. code /kəʊd/ v. 编码，编程6. train /treɪn/ v. 训练，培育7. puter /kəmˈpjuːtə(r)/ n. 计算机，电脑8. visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/ adj. 视觉的，视力的9. recognition /rekəɡˈnɪʃn/ n. 认知，识别10. speech /spiːtʃ/ n. 语音，演讲11. problemsolving /ˈprɑːbləmˌsɑlvɪŋ/ n. 解决问题的力量12. algorithm /ˈælɡərɪðəm/ n. 算法，计算方法13. customize /ˈkʌstəmaɪz/ v. 定制，定做14. content /ˈkɒntent/ n. 内容，名目15. online /ˈɒnlaɪn/ adj. 在线的，联网的16. natural language /ˈnætʃrəl ˈleŋɡwɪdʒ/ 自然语言17. processor /ˈprəʊsesə(r)/ n. 处理器，处理机18. interact /ˌɪntərˈækt/ v. 相互作用，相互影响19. conversational /ˌkɑːnvəˈseɪʃənl/ adj. 对话的，会话的20. chatbot /ˈtʃætˌbɒt/ n. 谈天机器人21. available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj. 可获得的，可得到的22. customer service /ˈkʌstəməˈsɜːvɪs/ 客户效劳23. generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ v. 生成，产生24. sales lead /seɪlz liːd/ 销售线索25. protect /prəˈtekt/ v. 爱护，防护26. unauthorized /ˌʌnˈɔːθəraɪzd/ adj. 未经授权的，越权的27. image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ n. 图像，形象28. privacy /ˈpraɪvəsi/ n. 隐私，保密29. automation /ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 自动化，自动化掌握30. emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 情感，心情31. nuanced /ˈnjuːɑːnst/ adj. 微小的，差异的32. cue /kjuː/ n. 示意，信号，提示33. bias /ˈbaɪəs/ n. 偏见，偏向34. stereotype /ˈsteriətaɪp/ n. 刻板印象，陈规旧习35. approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ v. 接近，靠近36. education /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/ n. 教育，教学37. tutor /ˈtjuːtə(r)/ n. 导师，辅导员，家庭老师38. mental health /ˌmentl ˈhelθ/ 心理健康39. accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 可得到的，可进入的40. selfpaced /self peɪst/ adj. 自我调整的，自学的【阅读理解练习题】1. What is the main purpose of "Take It Down"?A. To help teenagers remove unauthorized photos fromthe Internet.B. To collect data and invade privacy.C. To simulate human emotions in AI chatbots.D. To generate sales leads.答案：A中文解析：题目问的是“Take It Down〞的主要目的是什么，依据文章其次段第一句可知，“T ake It Down〞是Meta开发的一个机器人关心青少年从互联网上删除未经授权的照片。
新高考全国卷2025届高三英语下学期5月冲刺考试试题一
（新高考，全国卷）2025届高三英语下学期5月冲刺考试试题（一）留意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选岀每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
考试时间100分钟，满分120分第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
AHave you ever imagined having a museum all to yourself, just like in the movie starring Ben Stiller? Well, maybe not quite that exact experience. The American Museum of Natural History has been bringing arts, culture, and education to the public since 1869. Though its doors are currently closed, you can still visit the amazing exhibits from the comfort of your own home.The museum offers virtual tours, live learning, and countless resources for kids and families of all ages. Mark your calendars! This Thursday at 2P ET on the American Museum of Natural History Facebook page, there will be a Facebook Live event that features a pre-record tour of the Hall of Human Origins guided by anthropological Ashley Hammond. Get a special tour of this popular exhibition hall and hear about early human relatives, including Lucy, the most famous Australopithecus parenthesis.Every Tuesday and Thursday at 2 PMEST, you can hop on a Live Virtual Museum Tour with a museum tour guide or expert to explore a featured exhibit via Facebook Live. Missed Tuesday's Hall of Planet Earth Tour on Tuesday? You can go back and check out the previous tours posted to Facebook earlier.Looking to get out of this world? On Friday, April 3rd, head over to the museum's YouTube channel to catch a live guided tour of the universe with Director of Industrialization, Carter Em mart.Want to wander around the halls on your own? Google Arts and Culture allows you to do just that. From the 94-foot-long model of a Blue Whale in the Hall of Ocean Life to the Tyrannosaurus Rex fossil in the Hall of Saurian Dinosaurs, you have the place to yourself to explore!Go ahead and start your adventure.1.If you want to know something about human beings, we can .A.wander around the halls on your ownB.watch a Facebook Live event at 2P ET this ThursdayC.hop on a Live Virtual Museum Tour at 2 PMEST every Tues day and ThursdayD.go to the museum's YouTube channel to catch a live guided tour on Friday, April 3rd2.If you miss Tuesday's Hall of Plant Earth Tour on Tuesday, you can .A.go to Hall of Ocean LifeB.enjoy a Facebook live on ThursdayC.hop on replays posted to Facebook earlierD.ask Carter Em mart for help3.Where can you probably find this passage?A.In a magazine.B. In a history book.C. In a novel.D. In a scientific report.BWhen I left my country Trinidad and Tobago for China to study Chinese language and culture, never in my wildest imagination did I think that twenty-one years later I would still be here. Two decades is a long time, yet I often tell my friends that it feels like only two years. That is because China is an exciting place to be with lots of opportunities for begetters or those who seek adventure. It so happens that I fall into both categories.At first, I was not sure whether I would like my experience in China, so I initially planned to study for only one year when I left Trinidad for Beijing. But as fate would have it, I fell in love with China, its people, and its culture. I extended my course for another three years to learn all I could about this fascinating country, Being in China has allowed me the rare chance to meet many distinguished people. It has also allowed me to do things which I think I would not otherwise have had the chance to do.Years later, I published my first book, “The Emperor, His Bride and the Dragon Robe. " However, to my unexpected delight, this book was officially presented to China as one of state gifts. My mother, full of exhilaration, told me that it was televised on the local news. To this day, I feel highly honored. Among my to-do list is a musical play for children based on the book. Through this book and the play, I hope to share my love for China and engender in children around the world a similar love for Chinese culture.I believe people should have dreams no matter how big or small. However, most importantly, I believe that people must strive to make more opportunities for themselves to fulfill their dreams rather than wait around for a few opportunities to come along by chance. In this regard, I like to use one of Francis Bacon's quotes: "A wise man will create more opportunities than he finds. ”4.Why does two decades feel like only two years to the author?A.Because he has been seeking for opportunities and strive for his dream.B.Because China is an exciting place with lot of opportunities.C.Because he has many friends who are always with him.D.Because he has a fancy for China its people, and its culture.5.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A.The author was certain he would fall for the experience in China.B.After studying for four years in China, the author fell in love with it.C.It was rare for the author to meet distinguished people in China.D.Being in China, the author has done things which he couldn't do in his hometown.6.What does the underlined word "engender" in paragraph 3 mean?A.Spread.B. Arouse.C. Conclude.D. Emit.7.What is the best title for the passage?A.My Love for ChinaB.My Special Experience in ChinaC.Ambition is the Key to the SuccessD.China, a Dream Man's ResortCMelanie Clap ham has spent the last three years catching images of grizzlies （灰熊） at Knight Inlet, on the B.C. coast, using small camera traps housed in metal and attached securely to the forest branches.Three years and thousands of images later, the behavioral researcher and postdoctoral student at the University of Victoria has partnered with two software developers living in Silicon Valley and a grizzly research centre in Alaska to develop facial recognition technology used to identify the bears."They don't have distinctive markings on their bodies, n said Clap ham, whose interest in this technology sprang from the need to "identify and recognize individual bears over time" as part of her behavioral research over the last 11 years.Bears grow and shrink a lot depending on the season, and their appearance changes frequently during their 20-to 25-year-long lifespans. Clap ham began to wonder if AJ. might be able to solve her problem in the same way the technology recognize people's faces.Now, she says, the open-source Bear ID software can be used and adapted by anyone and could have huge hints for understanding the animals* behaviour and avoiding bear-human encounters.In relation to the technology based on human facial recognition, Ed Miller and his partner Mary Nguyen are the software developers from California who connected with Clap ham in an online forum for conservation technology in late 2024.The pair were looking for photos of bears ”for fun" as a way to learn more about recognition software, and so they connected with Clap ham to offer their expertise （专业学问） in adapting artificial intelligence."The technology Pete using is based on the same software used to recognize humans, n said Miller, who added that human identification is far easier, as there are millions of images the software can learn from.We need lots of images of individual animals to tell the system which bear is which, ” said Clap ham, who explained "deep learning" as the process where the software trains itself to recognize certain bears more accurately with more pictures it gets. Clamshell says Beard currently has an 84 percent accuracy rate. This is especially important, given that a bear will look dramatically different throughout the year as its appearance, especially fur and weight, changes a lot.8.What is Clamp's purpose of catching images of grizzlies?A.To monitor the changes of some specific bears.B.To collect data for facial recognition technology.C.To finish his postdoctoral research.D.To meet his interest in the technology.9.What do we know about Clap ham?A.Clap ham uses Al to track bears.B.Clap ham has been in her behavioral research for about 25 years.C.Clap ham cooperates with others to identify the bears.D.Clap ham majors in software developing at the University of Victoria.10.Why did Ed Miller and his partner contact Clap ham?A.They provided her with their specific knowledge in Al.B.They wanted to know more about Al.C.They were eager to attend the online forum.D.They were using the same Bear ID software.11.What is the purpose of this text?A.To call on more people to protect grizzlies.B.To describe the living habits of grizzlies.C.To introduce the technology used to identify grizzlies.D.To record a friendship between Melanie and her partners.DCalifornia likes to think of itself as the state where the future happens, and in 2008, its voters decided the future was high-speed rail. So they approved a $9 billion bond issue to begin an incredible government infrastructure project： a bullet train connecting San Francisco and Los- Angeles, at a cost of $33 billion.For years, the optimists have imagined Californians will travel quickly, comfortably and environmentally between the state*s two major population centers. The pessimists, meanwhile, have watched the project costs a lot. At last count, the estimates had traveled up to $75 billion, even were still climbing.On Tuesday, Gov. Gavin News om （D ） in his state speech called for the state to transform the project to a less costly rail that would run through the Central Valley, which attracted voters' elsewhere attention,because what happened in California illustrates the fact that any U.S. rail project may take a risk.Distance. In other places of the world, major population centers are much closer to each other. And big cities that are reasonably close together is pretty much an essential condition for high-speed rail, which is why they have it and we don't. Imagine what it would take to build a line from New York City to Los Angeles 一 or to Chicago, Houston or Phoenix.Wealth. Of course, the United States does have a few cities that look ripe for rail. And instead of high-speed rail between these cities, we have the express, which takes eight hours to travel from Washington to Boston. Why haven't we built something better? Because truly high-speed rail needs to travel in a fairly straight line. Building newer, better, straighter rail lines would require the government to buy all the land between Point A and Point B and tear down anything that happened to be in the way. However, what's between Point A and Point B is a great deal of highly valuable real estate that will be very expensive to purchase.California displays all these problems totally. The part of the rail line that was reasonably cheap to build didn't go anywhere near where the people were ； it ran through the Central Valley where land was reasonably cheap and the lobbies wererelatively few.12.In paragraph 1, the author intends toA.prove the point of the passageB.explain a government projectC.introduce a topic for discussionD.present the background information13.What do we know about the bullet train project?A.All people are not in favor of the bullet train project.B.The cost of the project is approximately 75 billion.C.Other states have to risk building their own bullet program.D.The project will make Americans travel rapidly, cozily and environmentally.14.What mainly leads to bullet train program's failure?ernors in California tend to leave the project behind.B.The distance is the main reason to limit the bullet project in America.C.None of cities in America can afford to build a bullet train.D.Bullet train is not as popular as express in America.15.What attitude does the author hold towards the high-speed rail in California?A. Indifferent.B. Neutral.C. Negative.D. Optimistic.其次节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）依据短文内容，从短文中的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2025届人教版(2019)高中英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练课件：话题2 学校生活
√C.Julia should overcome the fear to drive.
D.Julia was smart to deal with any trouble. 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的“I realized that no matter how I felt about it...‘You’re stronger than you think，’ I said.”可知，当茱莉亚与保险公司 代理人打电话时，作者意识到朱莉亚长大了，应该克服开车的恐惧。
The Zem is the second zero－emission vehicle we’ve seen come out of the Eindhoven University of st year ， another team of students created the Stella Vita，a solar－powered vehicle that could travel up to 450 miles a day.We can’t wait to see what the school’s students come up with next. 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了埃因霍芬理工大学的学生们创造出 一款名叫Zem的吸收二氧化碳的电动汽车。
高考题型通关
2.What did the doctor suggest to Julia?
A.Staying away from driving. B.Attending a driving lesson. C.Contacting the insurance agent.
高三英语期末试卷带答案解析
高三英语期末试卷带答案解析考试范围：xxx ；考试时间：xxx 分钟；出题人：xxx 姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上一、单项选择1.Environmental groups intend to _____ the pressure until the government changes the law.A ．keep upB ．make upC ．pick upD ．bring up2.By the time Jane gets home, her aunt________ for London to attend a meeting.A ．will leaveB ．leavesC ．will have leftD ．left 3.--—— What’s up ,Mary?——I’m worried about the interview I had yesterday.—— ,and let’s keep our fingers crossed and hope for the best. A ．Come on B ．No wonder C ．Get ready D ．No problem 4.23. — Let’s discuss the qu estion raised last night, shall we? — There is no hurry for that. I___for a conference.A ．headedB ．was headingC ．am headingD ．have headed 5.Between 1918 and 1938, many new stations were constructed,__________ was designed by an architect named Charles Holden.A ．the most famous of whichB ．the most famous of themC ．the most famous of whomD ．and the most famous of which6.In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations______ would bring about positive emotions. A ．which B ．where C ．whyD．as7.The teacher stressed again that the students should not ______ any important details while retelling the story.A．leave off B．leave out C．leave for D．leave over8.—What's wrong with him? He seemed upset.—He had to give up his drawing, not because he wanted ________ that way but because he had to be.A．thisB．oneC．itD．such9. for the boy to talk with his mouth full!A．What bad manners they areB．How bad manners they areC．What bad manners it isD．How bad manners it is10.There is a common belief among them ________ rubbish can should be put to good use.A．which B．what C．whether D．that二、完形填空Of course, she wasn't really my aunt and, out of fear, I never called her that to her face. I only ____ to her as "My Aunt Fannie" because it always made my father chuckle and my mother look ____ at both of us—at me for being _____ of my elder and at my father for _____ my bad behavior.I ____ both reactions so I grasped every opportunity to work the name into as many conversations as possible.As a young woman, my mother had worked in the _____ of a large Victorian farmhouse owned by Fannie Cratty and her twin brother, Farnsworth. They represented the ____ of the Cratty line. Neither had married ____ had any living heirs(继承人) and my father once told me in a whisper that it was because they were both too ____ to share their family wealth. During those years my mother helped Aunt Fanny make the best blueberry jam ever ____ by anyone in Glenfield. She was noted for her jam and for never ____ the recipe with anyone else. ____ my mother knew the recipe by heart, as long as Aunt Fannie was alive, she ____ made the jam without Ms. Cratty in our kitchen to direct the process and preserve the secret.One year, after I had been particularly helpful with the jam process Aunt Fannie gave me a ____ and then made me promise that I would never spend it. " ____ this quarter," she said, "and some day you will be rich. I still have my very first quarter given by my grandfather." It hadobviously ____ for her. So I followed her advice.I now have the blueberry jam recipe and the quarter from Aunt Fannie. In people's eye Aunt Fannie's ____ was attributed to that secret recipe. But to me, it was just a ____ recipe. However, I keep them as ____ to holdfirmly the valuable things in life. Money can make you feel rich for a while, but it is the relationships and the memories of time spent with friends and family that truly leave you wealthy. And that is a ____ that anyone can build.11.A．called B．thought C．regarded D．referred12.A．coldly B．severely C．delightedly D．politely13.A．disappointed B．disagreeable C．disrespectful D．dissatisfied14.A．encouraging B．scolding C．forcing D．pushing15.A．hated B．respected C．treated D．enjoyed16.A．barn B．kitchen C．yard D．garden17.A．beginning B．start C．end D．glory18.A．nor B．and C．but D．yet19.A．proud B．generous C．strict D．mean20.A．ever B．never C．still D．yet21.A．quarter B．bill C．note D．cheque22.A．Hold back B．Hold up C．Hold onto D．Hold out23.A．sorrow B．success C．schedule D．signature24.A．regulations B．reflections C．reminders D．rewards25.A．future B．fortune C．fantasy D．favor 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
译林版高中英语学案选择性必修第二册精品课件 Unit 4 素养培优练(二)
4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?( )
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·湖南长沙一中校考) One night I decided to spend some time building a happier and closer relationship with my daughter. For several weeks she had been . .5. . me to play chess with her, so I suggested a game and she eagerly . .6. .. It was a school night, however, and at nine o’clock my daughter asked if I could . .7. . my moves, because she . .8. . to go to bed;she had to get up at six in the morning. I knew she had strict bedtime, but I thought she ought to be able to . .9. . some of this strictness. I said to her, “Come on, you can . .10. . late for once. We’re having fun.” We played on for another fifteen minutes, during which time she . .11. . her fingers on the chessboard.
高二英语数学建模方法单选题20题
高二英语数学建模方法单选题20题1. In the process of mathematical modeling, "parameter" means _____.A. a fixed valueB. a variable valueC. a constant valueD. a random value答案：A。
解析：“parameter”常见释义为“参数”，通常指固定的值，选项 A 符合；选项B“variable value”意为“变量值”；选项C“constant value”指“常数值”；选项D“random value”是“随机值”，在数学建模中“parameter”通常指固定的值。
2. When building a mathematical model, "function" is often used to describe _____.A. a relationship between inputs and outputsB. a set of random numbersC. a single valueD. a group of constants答案：A。
解析：“function”在数学建模中常被用来描述输入和输出之间的关系，选项 A 正确；选项B“a set of random numbers”表示“一组随机数”；选项C“a single value”是“单个值”；选项D“a group of constants”指“一组常数”。
3. In the context of mathematical modeling, "optimization" refers to _____.A. finding the best solutionB. creating a new modelC. changing the parameters randomlyD. ignoring the constraints答案：A。
模拟ai英文面试题目及答案
模拟ai英文面试题目及答案模拟AI英文面试题目及答案1. 题目: What is the difference between a neural network anda deep learning model?答案: A neural network is a set of algorithms modeled loosely after the human brain that are designed to recognize patterns. A deep learning model is a neural network with multiple layers, allowing it to learn more complex patterns and features from data.2. 题目: Explain the concept of 'overfitting' in machine learning.答案: Overfitting occurs when a machine learning model learns the training data too well, including its noise and outliers, resulting in poor generalization to new, unseen data.3. 题目: What is the role of a 'bias' in an AI model?答案: Bias in an AI model refers to the systematic errors introduced by the model during the learning process. It can be due to the choice of model, the training data, or the algorithm's assumptions, and it can lead to unfair or inaccurate predictions.4. 题目: Describe the importance of data preprocessing in AI.答案: Data preprocessing is crucial in AI as it involves cleaning, transforming, and reducing the data to a suitableformat for the model to learn effectively. Proper preprocessing can significantly improve the performance of AI models by ensuring that the input data is relevant, accurate, and free from noise.5. 题目: How does reinforcement learning differ from supervised learning?答案: Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning where an agent learns to make decisions by performing actions in an environment to maximize a reward signal. It differs from supervised learning, where the model learns from labeled data to predict outcomes based on input features.6. 题目: What is the purpose of a 'convolutional neural network' (CNN)?答案: A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a type of deep learning model that is particularly effective for processing data with a grid-like topology, such as images. CNNs use convolutional layers to automatically and adaptively learn spatial hierarchies of features from input images.7. 题目: Explain the concept of 'feature extraction' in AI.答案: Feature extraction in AI is the process of identifying and extracting relevant pieces of information from the raw data. It is a crucial step in many machine learning algorithms, as it helps to reduce the dimensionality of the data and to focus on the most informative aspects that can be used to make predictions or classifications.8. 题目: What is the significance of 'gradient descent' in training AI models?答案: Gradient descent is an optimization algorithm used to minimize a function by iteratively moving in the direction of steepest descent as defined by the negative of the gradient. In the context of AI, it is used to minimize the loss function of a model, thus refining the model's parameters to improve its accuracy.9. 题目: How does 'transfer learning' work in AI?答案: Transfer learning is a technique where a pre-trained model is used as the starting point for learning a new task. It leverages the knowledge gained from one problem to improve performance on a different but related problem, reducing the need for large amounts of labeled data and computational resources.10. 题目: What is the role of 'regularization' in preventing overfitting?答案: Regularization is a technique used to prevent overfitting by adding a penalty term to the loss function, which discourages overly complex models. It helps to control the model's capacity, forcing it to generalize better to new data by not fitting too closely to the training data.。
2020年江门市双水镇桥美学校高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及答案
2020年江门市双水镇桥美学校高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AEver wonder why there are so many people polluting the earth? Ever say to yourself：Hey, I wish that I could do more to help the environment? Have you ever thought about trying to help the earth but never really did it? Well, here are some pretty easyand skillful ideas for that green - earth desire inside you.●Turn off your computer. By leaving it on all day you are creating more CO2than a regular passenger would, driving to and from work in one day.● Ride your bike or carpool (合用汽车).Obviously, youare creating less CO2which will help the ozone(臭氧).● Make a garden. Even simply grow some plants in your kitchen, which will help produce more oxygen while eating up some of that evil CO2.● Buy local groceries. It creates less impact on the environment. Besides, you're supporting your local farmers.● Recycle. You had to see this coming. But you have no idea how much you are helping the environment by simply reusing a water bottle instead of buying a huge pack at the store.● Don't run the water while brushing. It saves you money and helps the water resources.● Open the curtains. Natural light is much prettier and it will keep the energy usage down.● Rechargeable batteries. You have no idea how much it takes to get rid of batteries. Do yourself a favor. Save some money and some energy.1. If you don't want to create more CO2, you may_______.A. turn off your computer or open the curtainsB. turn off your computer or ride your bike or carpoolC. make a garden or open the curtainsD. use rechargeable batteries or make a garden2. Which of the following can best describe the function of the first paragraph?A. Main body.B. Argument.C. Lead - in.D. Conclusion.3. The main idea of the passage is about________.A. the importance of environmental protectionB. some ways about how to prevent pollutionC. some suggestions about how to save energyD. some suggestions about environmental protectionBTexas has been one of the most restrictive gun-rights states in America.Thanks to a new law,however,the state will be one of the most relaxed,to the degree that police are discouraged from even asking about someone's guns. And if they do, they may not have much power to do anything if the person refuses to show a license.To be sure, the law is strict in its own way,offering a model for regulation. Under the law, open-carry citizens have to be licensed, a process that includes safety and shooting tests. They also have to show no prior psychological problems, and they have to be at least 21 years old.It is true that gun violence dropped sharply after restrictive laws were put in place in countries like Great Britain and Australia. However,the US public seems more interested than ever in weapons and the power they convey,despite gun control groups' concern over the increase of violence. Most states in America have steadily expanded gun rights since the end of a 10-year assault(攻击)weapons ban in 2004. Black Friday this year saw the biggest gun cache(贮存)ever purchased in one day.Considering those trends,there's a heated debate about whether the new Texas law is a model piece of legislation(立法)for a changing America,or a walking disaster just begging for trouble. As the law doesn't provide any punishment for those who refuse to show a license to a police officer, critics fear that officers may find it tough to handle potentially deadly situations. After all, armed citizens will no longer be considered suspicious, even though a lot of people might be alarmed by the sight. Most police in Texas have been told to not engage gun carriers unless they are doing something questionable or appear drunk.For sure,New Year's Day will be an exciting one for Texas gun owners. What's not yet known is how the rest of Texas will respond.4. All of the following are required in the new Texas law for open carry EXCEPTA. age limitB. mental conditionC. online registrationD. gun-operating skills5. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?A. The reason for putting forward the new Texas law.B. The present situation of gun possession in America.C. The impact of the assault weapons ban in 2004.D. The inaction of the US government as to gun control.6. What do critics think the new Texas law will probably lead to?A. Heavier workload for policemen.B. Disrespect for officers.C. Lack of trust among citizens.D. Difficulty in crime prevention.7. What is the author's attitude towards the new Texas law?A. Negative.B. Cautious.C. Indifferent.D. Approving.CJoy Mangano is now an American inventor. She was divorced and had three kids under age 7 when she was 33, and was barely keeping up payments on her small two-bedroom home by working extra hours as a waitress. “There were times when I would lie in bed and think. I didn't know how I was going to pay that bill,” Mangano says.But she had a special ability for seeing the obvious thing. She knew how hard it was to mop the floor. “I was tired, of bending down, putting my hands in dirty water, wringing (拧) out a mop,” Mangano says. “So, There's gotta be a better way.”How about a “self-wringing” mop? She designed a special tool you could twist in two directions at once, and still keep your hands clean and dry. She set out to sell it, first a few at flea markets.Then Mangano met with the media. But would couch potatoes (电视迷) buy a mop? The experts on shopping TV were less than certain. They gave it a try, and it failed Mangano was sure it would sell if they'd let her do the on-camera display. She said, “Get me on that stage, and I will sell this mop because it's a great item.”So QVC, a multinational corporation specializing in televised home shopping, took a chance on her. “I got onstage and the phones went crazy. We sold every mop in minutes.”Today she's president of Ingenious Designs, a multimillion-dollar company, and one of the stars of HSN, theHome Shopping Network. Talking about the household invention, Mangano says, “It is as natural for me as it is fora parent to talk about their child.”8. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. Mangano's small home.B. Mangano's work experience.C. Mangano's unhappy marriage.D. Mangano's hard living conditions.9. Mangano sold the mop successfully with the help of ________.A. HSNB. QVCC. couch potatoesD. experts on shopping TV10. What does Mangano think of her invention?A. Normal.B. Special.C. Unsatisfactory.D. Unbelievable.11. What can we learn from the text?A. HSN is a business organization that sells goods on the Internet.B. The experts on shopping TV were confident about Mangano's mop.C. Mangano got the idea of self-wringing mop from her own experience.D Mangano once had to work seven days a week to support her family.DA cheap printed sensor could transmit wildfire warnings. Wildfires have recently destroyed regions across the world, and theirgravityis increasing. Hoping to reduce harm, researchersled by Yapei Wang, a Chinese chemist ofRenminUniversity, say they have developed an inexpensive sensor to detect such fires earlier with less effort.Current detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response. Most wildfires are reported by the general public, and other alerts come from routine foot patrols and watchtower observers. Passing planes and satellites also occasionally spot something, but “the fire first appears on the ground," Wang says. “ When you see the fire from the sky, it is too late. ”The team says its new sensor can be placed near tree trunks' bases and send a wireless signal to a nearby receiver if there is a dramatic temperature increase. That heat also powers the sensor itself, without replacing batteries. The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor for just $ 0.40.But improving coordination among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more crucial toaddress, says Graham Kent, an earthquake expert at theUniversityofNevada,Reno, who was not part of the study.Kentis director of ALERTWildfire, a network that uses cameras and crowd sourcing to watch for fires inCalifornia,NevadaandOregon. “The whole way that you respond to a fire until it's put out is like a ballet," he says. “You'd have to choreograph (设计) it just so, with resources precisely used at the right time and place and in the right order from detection to confirmation to assignment to extinguishment (熄灭).Fire detection is just step one.Wang says his team's next steps are to extend the device'ssignal range beyond the current 100 meters, which can limit practical use, and to develop a protective shield for it. The transmitter's effectiveness, he notes, will also need to be examined in the field ahead.12. What does the underlined word “gravity” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Pull.B. Extinction.C. Popularity.D. Severity.13. What do we know about the sensor?A. Its price remains high.B. Its batteries are replaceable.C. It can detect fires earlier and easier.D. It can reduce firefighters' pain.14. What doesKentmean in paragraph 4?A. Firefighting is easy but crucial.B. Fire detection resources are rich.C. Putting out a fire is an orderly activity.D. Technology is the key to extinguishing a fire.15. What's the plan for the new sensor according to Wang?A. Improving and testing it.B. Limiting its use and transmission.C. Examing and reducing its signal range.D. Getting it on the market ahead of time.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
校园电动车相关作文英语
As a high school student, Ive witnessed the rise of electric vehicles on our campus, and its been quite a transformation. The once quiet and serene campus has now been infused with the hum of electric scooters and bikes, making for a more vibrant and dynamic environment. This shift to electric vehicles has not only brought convenience but also sparked a debate on their impact on our school culture and the environment.The Dawn of Electric MobilityIt all started a couple of years ago when a few students began to ride electric scooters to school. At first, it was a novelty, a cool gadget that made them stand out. But as more and more students caught on, it became a trend. The school administration, seeing the potential benefits, decided to support the use of electric vehicles by installing charging stations around the campus.The Pros and ConsThe advantages of electric vehicles are numerous. They are ecofriendly, reducing our carbon footprint, and they are costeffective, saving students money on fuel. Moreover, they are a convenient mode of transport, especially for those who live a bit further from school. The electric scooters and bikes have made it easier for students to navigate the campus, reducing the time spent walking between classes.However, there are downsides as well. The influx of electric vehicles has led to some congestion in certain areas of the campus, particularly around thecharging stations. There have been instances of accidents, mostly minor, due to the increased traffic. Also, the noise level has risen, which some students find disruptive.The Impact on School CultureThe adoption of electric vehicles has had a profound impact on our school culture. It has become a symbol of modernity and environmental consciousness. Students are more aware of their ecological footprint and are making conscious efforts to reduce it. The school has also introduced programs to educate students about the importance of sustainable transportation.The Environmental PerspectiveFrom an environmental standpoint, the use of electric vehicles is a step in the right direction. According to a study by the International Energy Agency, electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions, significantly reducing air pollution. This is particularly important in urban areas, where air quality can be a major concern.Challenges and SolutionsDespite the benefits, there are challenges that need to be addressed. The need for more charging stations is paramount to accommodate the growing number of electric vehicles. The school has been proactive in this regard, but theres always room for improvement. Additionally, safetymeasures need to be reinforced to prevent accidents. This includes better traffic management and possibly mandatory safety courses for students using electric vehicles.Looking to the FutureAs we look to the future, its clear that electric vehicles will continue to play a significant role in our campus life. The school is considering the introduction of electric buses for school trips and events, further integrating sustainable practices into our daily routines.Personal ExperienceFrom a personal standpoint, Ive embraced the electric vehicle trend. Ive been using an electric bike for the past year, and its been a gamechanger. Its not just about the convenience its about being part of a movement towards a greener future. I feel proud to contribute to the reduction of our schools carbon footprint.ConclusionThe introduction of electric vehicles on our campus has been a mixed bag, with both positive and negative aspects. However, the overall trend towards sustainability and environmental consciousness is undeniable. As we continue to adapt and find solutions to the challenges that arise, I believe our campus will become a model for others in terms of sustainabletransportation. Its an exciting time to be a student, and I look forward to seeing how our campus will evolve in the coming years.。
高考英语单词3500快速记忆
2013高考英语单词拼写扫无用之虚词求躬行之实效说明：1、所有内容为强军易考老师独立编写；2、“须重点记忆的单词”在应用时须注意其词性及形式的变化。
▲单词拼写题小结一、考点1、名词：可数、不可数，可数名词的单复数形式；2、动词：时态、语态、非谓语及动词形式的不规则变化；3、形容词、副词：形容词与副词的区别（也可能考比较级及最高级）；4、数词：主要考序数词。
二、解题方法1、根据语境确定所填单词的确切含义和词性；注意：不论是给汉语注释的还是给首字母的题都是如此。
特别是给汉语注释的，其注释不一定准确。
如：This plant is found in the ____(南部) parts of the country. (2000全国) 其确切含义应为“南部的”，所以此空应填southern。
2、根据所填单词对应词性的考点（见单词拼写题小结一、考点）确定单词的正确形式，进行填写。
三、需要注意的问题1、有些单词的首字母需要大写，应特别注意；2、书写要工整、清楚。
特别要注意几个手写时易混的字母，如u和v；a和u；d和cl。
▲须重点记忆的单词★Aability能力；absent缺席的；abroad到国外；accept接受；achieve获得,实现；activity活动；actual实际的,真实的；advanced先进的,高级的；adventure冒险,奇遇；advantage优势；address地址；admit承认,允许进入；advertise登广告；affect影响；afford买得起；agriculture农业；announce宣布；anxious焦虑的,渴望的；apologize道歉；appearance出现,外表；appreciation感激,欣赏；arrival到达；astronaut宇航员；atmosphere 大气,气氛；attempt企图,尝试；attentively专心地；attract吸引；audience 听众；average平均；appetite食欲；attitude态度；★Bbalance平衡；bargain讨价还价；basically基本地，主要地；benefit利益；beyond超过；biology生物学；bitter苦的；branch分支,部门；broadcast广播,播送；breathe呼吸；behaviour行为；belief信仰,信念；★Ccamera照相机；capital首都，省会；captain队长，船长；ceiling天花板；celebrate庆祝；century世纪；chain链子；连锁；challenge挑战；channel航道，海峡，频道；character特征；charge收费，索价；chat 聊天；Christmas圣诞节；citizen公民；cigarette香烟；climate气候；coal 煤炭；collar衣领；comfortably舒适地；communication通讯；competition 竞赛；complete完全的，彻底的；composition作文；concert音乐会；conductor售票员，导体；confident自信的；congratulation祝贺；construction建设；continent大陆，大洲；convenient方便的；conversation 交谈；cough咳嗽；course过程，课程，一道菜；courage勇气；cousin 堂（表）兄弟，堂（表）姐妹；crowd人群；curtain窗帘；culture文化；curious 好奇的；custom习俗；customer消费者；conclusion结论；contribution贡献；★Ddaily每日的；dangerous 危险的；decade十年；definitely明确地，肯定地；deliver投递；declare宣布；deserve应受，值得；description描述；design设计；devote专心，致力于；determine决心，决定；dialogue/dialog对话；dictionary字典；direction方向；指导；disaster 灾难；disappear消失；discussion讨论；disturb 打扰；diary日记；digital 数码的；download下载；dustbin垃圾箱；decrease减少；department部，局，处，科；系；dynasty王朝，朝代；★Eeconomical经济的，节约的；educate教育；effective 有效的；efficient 效率高的；effort努力；electricity电；equality平等；encourage鼓励；energy能量；精力；entrance入口；envelope信封；environment环境；escape逃避；especially尤其,特别；exhibition展览会；expert专家；extremely极端地；eventually最终地；★Ffamiliar熟悉的；failure失败；finger手指；flour面粉；fluently流利地；forbid 禁止；foreigner外国人；forgive原谅；fortunately幸运地；freedom自由；frequent频繁的；fresh新鲜的；fruit水果；friendly友好的；fuel燃料；furniture 家具；festival节日；★Ggeneration一代；generally一般地；generous慷慨的；大方的；geography 地理；glove手套；government政府；graduation毕业；gradual逐渐的；grammar 语法；guest客人；guide导游；★Hhabit习惯；handkerchief手帕；handwriting书法，笔迹；harvest收获；healthily 健康地；height高度；honor尊敬；hunger饥饿；humourous幽默的；★Iidiom习语；island岛；imagine想象；immediately 立即，立刻；increase 增加；income收入；industry工业，勤劳；inform通知；internet因特网；interview 采访,面试；interrupt打断,打扰；inventor发明者；insurance保险；★Jjournalist记者；judge法官；justice正义，公正；junior初级的；★Kkindergarten幼儿园；kite风筝；knowledge知识；kitchen厨房；★Llabour劳动；lack缺乏；ladder梯子；language语言；lately最近；latter 后者；lawyer律师；league联盟；lecture演讲；level水平；librarian图书管理员；local当地的；luggage行李；luckily 幸运地；★Mmagazine杂志；majority多数；market市场；marriage结婚; material原料；meanwhile同时；measure测量，尺寸；medical医学的；memory记忆力；mental 精神的；menu菜单；mention提到；merry欢乐的；merely仅仅，只不过；message消息；metal金属；mirror镜子；monitor班长；monument纪念碑；mostly主要地；大部分；museum博物馆；media传媒；minority少数，少数民族；mobile移动的；motto格言；mystery神秘；★Nnarrow 狭窄的；nationality国籍；naturally自然地；neatly整洁地；necessary 必要的；neighbour邻居；nephew侄子，外甥；niece侄女，外甥女；normal 正常的；nowadays现在；nurse护士；nutrition营养；★Oobey服从；object物体，反对；ocean海洋；offer提供；operation操作，做手术；opposite相反的；organize组织；overcome克服；obvious明显的；Olympic奥林匹克的；outstanding杰出的；★Ppalace宫殿；paragraph段；park停放（车）；particular特别的；partner 搭档；panda熊猫；passenger乘客；patient耐心的，病人；peaceful和平的；peasant农民；performance 表演；period时期；permit允许；persuade说服；phenomenon现象；physical身体的，物理的；pillow枕头；pilot飞行员；population人口，人数；poisonous有毒的；pollution污染；position位置；practical实际的，实用的；pressure压力；precious珍贵的，宝贵的；president 总统；pretend假装；program节目，项目；project工程；pronunciation发音；purpose目的，意图；potential潜力；private私人的；privilege特权；★Qquality质量；quantity数量；quarrel争吵；quarter四分之一；queue队，行列；★Rraise提高，抚养；rare稀有的，罕见的；recently近来；recognize认出；record 记录；recover恢复；recycle回收，再利用；reduce减少；refuse拒绝；refer 参考，提到；regular规则的；relative相对的，亲戚；remain保持，剩下，仍然；remind提醒，使想起；remove去掉；resign辞职，放弃；request要求；research调查，研究；respect尊敬；restaurant饭馆；resource资源；review 复习；responsibility责任心；★Ssafety安全；salary薪水；satisfaction满足；scene场景；scenery风景；scientific科学的；secretly 秘密地；secretary秘书；seldom很少；senior高级的，年长的；sense感觉，辨别力；serious严肃的，严峻的；service服务；separate分离，单独的；shape形状，制作；share分享，份额；sheet被单；shelf 架子；shortcoming缺点；shoulder肩膀；similar类似的；situation形势；slightly 轻微地；smoothly光滑地，平坦地，平稳地；society社会；spare抽出（时间、人手）；spread传播；square广场；standard标准；steal偷窃；straight直的，直地；stranger陌生人；strangely奇怪地suffer受苦，遭受；system系统；selfish自私的；sensitive敏感的；sincerely真诚地；strengthen加强；sympathy 同情；★Ttask任务；technique技术；temperature温度，体温；theatre剧场，戏院；therefore因此；thief贼；thirsty渴的，缺水的；thorough彻底的；thunder 雷声；title标题；tobacco烟草；toilet洗手间；traffic交通；translate翻译；traveller旅行者；trousers长裤；typical典型的；throughout贯穿，在整个……期间；tourism旅游业；traditional传统的，传说的；★Uumbrella伞；uniform制服；union协会，联盟；university综合大学；universe 宇宙；upstairs在楼上；unique唯一的，独特的；★Vvacation假期；valley山谷；流域；value价值；variety变化，多样性；various 各种各样的；vegetable蔬菜；victory胜利；villager村民；vocabulary词汇；voyage航行，航海；volunteer志愿者；★Wwaste浪费，无用的，垃圾；weather 天气；wedding婚礼；weight重量；willing 愿意的；welfare福利；wonder想知道，奇观★Yyouth青，青春；★一年中的十二个月：January 一月；February二月；March三月；April四月；May五月；June六月；July七月；August八月；September九月；October 十月；November十一月；December十二月；★一周中的七天：Monday星期一；Tuesday星期二；Wednesday星期三；Thursday星期四；Friday星期五；Saturday星期六；Sunday星期天；★大洲大洋国家名（名词、形容词）：如：Asian亚洲的；European欧洲的；African非洲的；Pacific太平洋；Atlantic 大西洋；German德国的，德国人，德语；Germany德国；France法国；French 法国人，法语，法国的；Canadian加拿大的，加拿大人；Canada加拿大；Russia 俄罗斯；Russian俄国人，俄语,俄国的；★东西南北（名词、形容词）：east (东,东方)；eastern (东方的,东部的)；west (西,西方)；western (西方的,西部的)；south (南,南方)；southern (南方的,南部的)；north (北,北方)；northern (北方的,北部的)★基数词和序数词（1---19、20---90）：如：fifth 第五；ninth第九；twelfth第十二；twentieth第二十（30、40、50、60、70、80、90的序数词都是去掉y加ieth ）艺考生的救命稻草！突破130分，快速提高30分的锦囊妙计！6步搞定任何高考英语阅读真题，一般人不告诉他（她）！2013吴军高考英语阅读理解3天提分秘术众说周知，得阅读、完形者得天下！文章看没看懂不重要，关键是要选对！高考英语阅读的核心暗示点：词和短语！题目（或题干）有暗示，秘笈为你精准导航！选项与出题点之间存在逻辑关系，3天帮您梳理！速度比完美更重要，思路比题海要有效！2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术，既不是神人的牛B押题，也不是最牛高考班的密卷！而是沈阳高分英语家教吴军老师从2000-2012年2700多篇高考英语阅读真题答案内幕规律衍生出的迅捷提分秘诀！2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术是纸质的解析讲解类自学教案，而不是如同上大课般的名师讲座光盘（如高分突破，提分宝典，四步兵法，高频考点等），你可以站着，躺着，甚至在卫生间里也可以阅读自学！立竿见影！以一顶百！9年来我们在自我独门秘笈的基础上，20%参阅了132种全国知名高考英语教案或资料（如：新东方，张清波，北京四中李俊和，管卫东，提分宝典，高频考点等）。
高二英语科学概念高级应用单选题45题
高二英语科学概念高级应用单选题45题1.The force acting on an object is directly proportional to its acceleration. If the force on an object is doubled, its acceleration will _____.A.be halvedB.remain the sameC.be doubledD.be quadrupled答案：C。
解析：根据牛顿第二定律F=ma，力与加速度成正比。
当力加倍时，加速度也会加倍。
A 选项加速度减半错误；B 选项加速度不变错误；D 选项加速度变为四倍错误。
2.In an electromagnetic field, the direction of the magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of the electric field. If the electric field points north, the magnetic field cannot point _____.A.eastB.southC.westD.north答案：D。
解析：因为磁场方向与电场方向垂直，所以当电场指向北时，磁场不能指向北。
A 选项东与北垂直，有可能；B 选项南与北垂直，有可能；C 选项西与北垂直，有可能。
3.When an object is in equilibrium, the sum of all forces acting on it is _____.A.zeroB.greater than zeroC.less than zeroD.indeterminate答案：A。
解析：物体处于平衡状态时，所受合力为零。
B 选项大于零错误，物体将有加速度；C 选项小于零错误，同理；D 选项不确定错误。
4.The work done on an object is equal to the force applied multiplied by the distance moved in the direction of the force. If a force of 10 N moves an object 5 meters in its direction, the work done is _____.A.2 JB.50 JC.15 JD.25 J答案：B。
创新转化管理智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下山东大学
创新转化管理智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下山东大学山东大学第一章测试1.The most prominent feature of entrepreneurial activity is ( )答案:highly uncertain2.The following is the closest to entrepreneurial thinking ( )答案:Effect Logic3.One of the special features of entrepreneurial activity is that it is based onpredictive logic to achieve entrepreneurial goals ( )答案:错4.Invention, innovation and entrepreneurship are closely related and mutuallybeneficial ( )答案:错5."A bird in the hand" is one of the basic principles of entrepreneurial thinking( )答案:对第二章测试1.What kinds of people are indispensable to human innovation andentrepreneurship practice? （）答案:Scientist;Engineer;Entrepreneur2.What are the core competitive businesses of Xiaomi? ( )答案:Mobile phone;Michat;MIUI3.According to Olive's research on entrepreneurial process, what kinds of workare usually required before preparing an entrepreneurial plan? ( )答案:Prepare preliminary venture analysis;Decision to be a leader /entrepreneur;Selection /Refinement of new business opportunity idea;Assemble the management team4.An easy to remember LOGO is a must for every successful business. ( )答案:对5.What are the external factors for the success of Lei Jun and Xiaomi' sentrepreneurial ventures? （）答案:Innovation of business model;User MI fan support;Innovation of marketing model;Innovation of competitive strategy第三章测试1.In the following options，The social capability is what developing countrieshave to develop in order to catch up. It includes ( )答案:technical competence;experience in the organization and management of large enterprises.;government stability and effectiveness;effective financial institutions2.Which of the following are measurement of technological and socialcapabilities ( )答案:The quality of a country’s science base;Openness across country boarders.;R&D expenditure.;Production capability3.Solow’s theory indicates the convergence between rich and poor countries,and this is consistent with the reality. ( )答案:错4.The total factor productivity can be measured as total output divided byweighted average of inputs. Is that right or wrong( )答案:对5.The research and development can be divided into three catagories: ( )答案:Basic research;Development;Applied research第四章测试1.What does a trademark protect（）答案:logos, names and brands2.In most countries, how long does copyright last for? （）答案:50 years after the death of the person who created that work3.How long do patents usually last for? （）答案:20 years4.If you write an original story, what type of intellectual property gives you theright to decide who can make and sell copies of your work? （）答案:copyright5.Imagine a footballer sets up his own company to sell his own range of clothes.What type of intellectual property can he use to show that the clothes aremade by his company? （）答案:trademarks6.If a company develops a new technology that improves its main product,what type of intellectual property can they use to stop others from copying their invention? （）答案:patents7.What protects the intellectual property created by inventors? （）答案:patents8.What protects the intellectual property created by designers? （）答案:registered designs9.What protects the intellectual property created by artists? （）答案:copyright10.What does IP stand for( )答案:Intellectual Property第五章测试1.The national innovation system was first proposed by ( )答案:Friedman2.Manufacturers, ( ) and governments are regarded as the "triple helix" ofinnovation engineering.答案:Universities3.Innovation policies include ( )答案:Industry and regional innovation policy;Related policy;Institutional policy;Resource policy;Innovative environmental policy4.The construction of a country's innovation system will effectively promotethe process of national technological innovation and contribute to the casting of national innovation competitiveness. ( )答案:对5.public science and technology investment includes （）答案:basic scientific research business expenses;operating funds of scientific research institutions;scientific research funds of public welfare industries;national science and technology plan (special projects, funds, etc.),;construction funds of scientific research conditions.第六章测试1.The most prominent feature of entrepreneurial activity is ( )答案:highly uncertain2.The factors that goes into a determination of valuation does not include ( )答案:The establishment time of the company3.Venture capital has consistently gained big success even since it took shapein the early 1950. ( )答案:错4.More cash on hand, no collateral required and short term planning are theadvantages of the venture capital funding. ( )答案:错5. A term sheet is actually investment contract that covers all of the importantfacts of the financing and regulates both parties’ legal responsibilities. ( )答案:错第七章测试1.There are several types of innovations, and which can be classified by? （）答案:The market positioning;The innovation level and difficulty level;The degree of autonomy;Object and content2.What are the core competitive businesses of Haidilao? ( )答案:Services;Management team;Human resources3.When classify innovation level and difficulty level, it will include? ( )答案:Major innovation;Break-through innovation;Incremental innovation4.The success of Southwest Airline is highly dependent on its business modelinnovation. ( )答案:对5.How can an enterprise find its defects? （）答案:Brainstorming;Learn from other’s failure;In-depth interview, participatory observation and experience;User Centered design第八章测试1.What compositions do entrepreneurial decision cover? ( )答案:Decision of opportunity exploitation;Decision of entrepreneurial entry;Decision of opportunity evaluation;Decision of entrepreneurial exit2.What are the most important characteristics of improvisation decision? ( )答案:Improvisation;Creation3.What does a complete learning cycle consist of? ( )答案:Abstract conceptualization;Concrete experience;Reflective observation;Active experimentation4.Effectuation is a unique behavioral mode of entrepreneurs that transcendsthe classical decision-making logic. ( )答案:对5.Sustainable entrepreneurship considers economic, _____ and environmentalsustainability. ( )答案:Social。
2022年河南省商丘市李庄乡第三中学高三英语上学期期末试题含解析
2022年河南省商丘市李庄乡第三中学高三英语上学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1. —It’s years ____you broke up then.—Yes. I have regretted the decision. It was long ____I realized I had mistaken him.A. until; afterB. when; beforeC. since; beforeD. when; until参考答案：C2. ______ a book in front of your face, you’ll feel the air moving against your face.A. WavedB. WaveC. To waveD. Waving参考答案：D考查非谓语动词，句意:在脸前挥舞一本书，你就会感到空气在脸上流动。
主语you和wave为逻辑上的主动关系，动词-ing形式表示主动，在这里wave的-ing形式引导条件状语，故选D.3. In order to become successful, you must find out ________ your real interest lies.A. whereB. whatC. howD. that参考答案：A略4. Hard as a teacher may try, he can’t ______ that all his students make a difference in study, let alone in life.A. doubtB. proveC. guaranteeD. reveal 参考答案：C略5. You shouldn’t scold the kid since he has made a ____________.A. good effortB. good useC. good progressD. good improvement参考答案：A6.With the development of agriculture, the people ______village I taught ten years ago have been living a happy life.A. whoB. whoseC. in whoseD. in which参考答案：C7. His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.A.wonderedB. wonderC. to wonderD. wondering参考答案：D8. —Has everyone in your class passed the driving test？—No, ______ only Jackson and I who______ passed it.A. it was; hadB. it is; hasC. there is ; haveD. it is; have参考答案：D9. —How come a simple meal like this costs so much?—We have ____ in your bill the cost of the cup you broke just now.A. addedB. includedC. containedD. charged参考答案：B10. ---May I have a look at the menu for a while?---Of course, ______, sir.A. take your timeB. enjoy yourselfC. it doesn’t matterD. don’t worry参考答案：A略11. Alaska, of ________ most part is lightly populated, is known for its diverse landscapes, with abundant wildlife and many small towns.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. whose参考答案：C考察定语从句。
2013校园招聘笔试【英语+行测】押题卷(2)含答案解析
2013年校园招聘笔试练习题（一）第一部分：英语能力测试1、单项选择1. In China, it is a serious crime to __________ancient paintings out of the country.A. struggleB. smuggleC. subletD. withdraw2. The rich man was asked to pay a high _________ for his daughter who was taken away by criminals.A. marginB. prestigeC. ransomD. purchase3. According to the International Law, the United Nations would impose economic _________against an invading country.A. commissionsB. promotionsC. sentencesD. sanctions4. To ______ something will enable you to buy property without having the funds to pay for it at present.A. donateB. guaranteeC. mortgageD. finance5. Our university is unable to tuition fees to students who fail to complete the course.A. rescueB. recoverC. refundD. refresh6. The two presidents came to the negotiating table due to the ______ over the international boundary.A. quarrelB. disputeC. challengeD. competition7. A major concern for photographers traveling by plane is possible ______ to their film caused by X-ray machines.A. harmB. injuryC. ruinD. damage8. We must prevent that kind of disaster at all ______.A. chancesB. expensesC. costsD. risks9．The student was told to ______ for being rude to his teacher.A. excuseB. apologizeC. pardonD. forgive10. Beginning in the late 1970s, the economy of Alaska underwent a rapid change since oil was discovered and ______.A. adoptedB. utilizedC. employedD. exploited11. His wife's blood transfusion failed because her blood type was not ______ with that of the donor (供血者) .A. friendlyB. adaptableC. consistentD. compatible12. After leaving college in 1980, he was ______ a lawyer, a clerk in a bookshop, and a merchant.A. infinitelyB. continuouslyC. eternallyD. successively13. From observers' estimates of the brightness of the fireball, he _____ that the body in the space was between 40 feet and 260 feet in diameter.A. deducedB. reducedC. inducedD. produced14. As a theory, balance of power predicts the rapid changes in international power and status. For this reason, it helps to maintain the ______ of relations between states.A. reliabilityB. credibilityC. stabilityD. variability15. The state government gave a very __________ explanation of its plans for the development of electronic industry.A. comprehensiveB. comprehensibleC. comprehensionD. comprehend16. I hope you can ______ your term papers before the deadline.A. permitB. commitC. admitD. submit17. Like most foreigners, I ask a lot of questions, some of which are insultingly silly. But everyone I __________ has answered those questions with patience and honesty.A. come acrossB. come byC. come overD. come into18. There had been another prison breakout (越狱). Five men got away and are still ______.A. at randomB. at lengthC. at largeD. at stake19. But asking middle-class voters to abandon some of their benefits seems to be ______.A. beyond questionB. out of questionC. out of the questionD. without question20. Today the progress of science is so rapid that textbooks become out-of-date unless they are revised ______ of two or three years.A. for the momentB. at timesC. on scheduleD. at the intervals1--5: BCDCC 6--10: BDCBD11--15: DDACA 16--20: DACCD二、完型填空It is the firm belief of astronomers that there are living creatures on other planets. It is also their earnest wish that some day 1 may be made with such living creatures by sending messages in the form of radio signals. The 2 of communicating with people on other plan-ets may one day come 3 since radio telescopes have now been invited .Scientific project of various kinds are now being launched to 4 signals or to receive sig-nals from distant planets. The question now arises: What sort of message should be sent so that it could be understood? To send a message in any language would be impractical 5 it would certainly not be intelligible.It is the opinion of scientists that a signal in the 6 of a simple arithmetic sequence might be understood.Scientists think that pictures might also be understood, so it would be a good idea to send pictures of the people7 our planet.Pictures of domestic animals together with 8 crops we raise for our food might also be 9. Pictures of houses and buildings might convey further information about our life and society.As time goes on, TV pictures might be sent, which would further acquaint the beings on other planets 10 life and the level of civilization on our planet.1. A. connection B. touch C. contact D. relationship2. A. imagination B. dream C. nightmare D. fancy3. A. true B. untrue C. impossible D. possible4. A. send B. post C. deliver D. release5. A. then B. as C. and D. therefore6. A. kind B. type C. form D. category7. A. settling B. inhabiting C. existing D. establishing8. A. vicious B. various C. vary D. vision9. A. transformed B. transmitted C. transferred D.transplanted10. A. on B. as C. with D. aboutCBAAB CBBBC三、阅读理解Questions 1 to 4 are based on the foUowing passage:Despite a cooling of the economy, high technology companies are still crying out for skilled workers. The Information Technology Association of America projects that more than 800,000 technology jobs will go unfilled next year. The lack of qualified workers poses a huge threat to the U.S. economy.The most commonly cited reason for this state of affairs is that the countrys agrarian-age education system, separated from the needs of the business world, fails to prepare students in the primary and secondary grades for twenty-first-century work. Yet an inadequate and outmod-ed education system is only part of the problem. A less tangible but equally powerful cause is an antique classification system that divides the workforce into two camps: white-collar knowl-edge workers and blue-collar manual laborers.Blue-collar workers emerged in the United States duringthe Industrial Age as work migra-ted from farms to factories. White-collar office workers became a significant class in the twenti-eth century, outnumbering their blue-collar brethren by mid-century. But the white or blue par-adigm has clearly outlived its utility. Corporations increasingly require a new layer of knowledge worker: a highly skilled multi-disciplinarian who combines the mind of the white-collar worker with the hands of the blue-collar employee. Armed with a solid grounding in mathematics and science ( physics, chemistry, and biology), these “gold-collar” workers-so named for their contributions to their companies and to the economy, as well as for their personal earning abili-ty-apply that knowledge to technology. Of course, the gold-collar worker already exists in a wide range of jobs across a wide range of businesses: think of the maintenance technician who tests and repairs aircraft systems at American Airlines; the network administrator who manages systems and network operations at P&G; the advanced-manufacturing technician at Intel.But until American business recognizes these people as a new class of worker, one whose collar is neither blue nor white, demands that schools do a better job of preparing employees for the twenty-first-century workforce will be futile.1. According to the passage the lack of qualified workersA. makes a cooling of the economy.B. decreases the costs of high technology companies.C. emphasizes the importance of unfilled jobs.D. hinders the development of U. S. economy.2. From the second paragraph we learn thatA. the workforce classification is as serious as thereason of education system.B. twenty-first-century work are separated from the needsof the business world.C. white-collar worker is only part of the problem ofeducation system.D. blue-collar manual laborers are needed in agrarian-agedAmerica.3. It can be inferred that the gold-workers differ fromwhite collar and blue collar workers in that theyA. wear gold-collar working clothes when they are on duty.B. do better in combining their contributions and earningabilities.C. grasp the knowledge and engage in labor work as well.D. apply the arts knowledge to technology.4. The best title for the text maybeA. 800,000 Technology Jobs Unfilled.B. Gold-workers Needed.C. U.S. Economy threatened.D. Schools Fail to Train Gold-workers.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the following passage:Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of dis-crimination, will do any foolish thing they are told to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the computing machines "intelligence" on the details of its own percep-tions its inability to be guided by any large context. In a psychologicaldescription of the com-puter intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind: single-minded, literal minded, and simple-minded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this single-mind-edness, literal-mindedness, and simple-mindedness also characterize theoretical mathematics,though to a lesser extent.Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an ap-propriate skepticism. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom butonly an approximation to a some that more correct equation taking account of spin,magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects and that this corrected equation is itself only an imper-fect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field theoretical equations. Physicists, looking at theoriginal Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disre-gard for the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism isforeign to the mathematical approach.Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of theapproximation that mathematics is to take literally. Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit ill-defined,and they will make it well-defined, perhaps appropriately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases, the mathematicians’ literal-mindedness may have unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians turn the scientists; theoretical assumptions, that is, their convenient points of analytical emphasis into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the dangerthat they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally. The question, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context-what happens if the axioms are relaxed? -is thereby ignored.The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise losesall its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small agita-tions of its underlying assumptions.5. The author discusses computing machines in the first paragraph primarily in order toA. indicate the dangers inherent in relying to a greatextent on machines.B. illustrate his views about the approach ofmathematicians to problem solving.C. compare the work of mathematicians with that ofcomputer programmers.D. provide one definition of intelligence.6. According to the passage, scientists are skepticaltoward their equations because scientistsA. work to explain real, rather than theoretical orsimplified situations.B. know that well defined problems are often the mostdifficult to solve.C. are unable to express their data in terms of multiplevariables.D. are unwilling to relax the axioms they have developed.7. According to the passage, mathematicians present adanger to scientists becauseA. Mathematicians may provide theories that areincompatible with those already devel-oped by scientists.B. Mathematicians may define situations in a way that isincomprehensible to scientists.C. Mathematicians may convince scientists that theoretical assumptions are facts.D. scientists may come to believe that axiomatic statements are untrue.8. The author suggests that the approach of physicists to solving scientific problems isA. practical for scientific purposes.B. detrimental to scientific progress.C. unimportant in most situations.D. expedient, but of little long-term value.Questions 9 to 2 are based on the following passage:At an office in Hampton, Virginia, in the east of the United States, a team of ten net-sav-vy workers scours the web for sexual content, from basic sex education to sex acts. This “quali-ty assurance” team is making sure that the blocking component of Symantecs Norton Internet Security 2000 computer program remains effective. This is because there is widespread parental concern about blocking websites with sexual content from children. Website blocking is nothing new-services like Net Nanny and programs like Cyber Patrol and Guard Dog have beenaround for a few years now, protecting children and reassuring par-ents that only wholesome websites are accessed by the youngsters. Net Nanny and Cyber Patrolwill prevent access to any questionable sites when the program is in place.Now Symantec says it has created a new category in consumer software with a package that combines website blocking with a "firewall, protecting your computer from hackers, snoopers and viruses, as well as preventing inadvertent disclosure of personal data.In short, Norton Internet Security ( NIS), as the program is called, is designed to serve as the guardian of your digital health, keeping the bad things out and the private things in.The Symantec program can be configured in many ways, -the website blocking, for exam-ple, can be set to be either selectively permissive or total in its banning of websites, or switched off entirely. Also, Symantecs list of no-go areas, which on the CD now stand at a-round36,000 addressed, is not confined to sex sites. The team in Virginia is also on the look-out for sites advocating drugs, or which contain references to violence orgambling, and keeps a watch on chat rooms, e-mail services, entertainment portals-even job search and financial pa-ges. These sites can be blocked by the program.Computer users can also refresh the address list online with the live update feature which is used by Norton Anti- Virus (which is bundled with NIS) to load the latest virus definitions.This service is free for the first year but, including virus definition updates, it costs $ US 19.95 a year thereafter.The system is not perfect, however. Limited testing found the bloc king of some “question-able” sites was not comprehensive. Trying to get access to a well-known USsite such as Play-boy results in an immediate blocking message with a standard invitation to report an “incorrectly categorized” site. By contrast, you co uld find in other countries such as New Zealand a sex site which declared itself to be "dedicated to providing sexual material, imaged, and any thing a little bit unusual for sex enthusiasts all over the country".9. We can infer from paragraph 1 thatA. the net-savvy workers are interested in searching the web for sexual contentB. this quality assurance team have difficulty in making sure that the blocking component effective for theparents requestC. the parents all over the world do not want the sexual websites to be blockedD. the parents all over the world concern that their children will be harmed by the sexual websites10. The functions of NIS is NOT toA. protect computers from virusB. protect personal data from inadvertently disclosedC. protect computers from being invaded by other personsD. forbid other people sharing your personal data11. Which is NOT included in the Symantecs list of no-go areas?A. sex sitesB. gambling sitesC. violence sitesD. shopping sites12. Which the following statement is true according to the passage?A. The program cannot only block the harmful websites computer users but also refresh the address list.B. The NIS program is free, but you should pay $19.95 per year for the virus update.C. Both the program and virus update are free.D. Computer users should pay $19.95 every year the time they begin to use the program.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following passage:The decline of civility and good manners may be worrying people more than crime, accord-ing to Gentility Recalled, edited by Digby Anderson, which laments the breakdown of tradition-al codes that once regulated social conduct. It criticizes the fact that “manners” are scorned as repressive and outdated.The result, according to Mr. Anderson--director of the Social Affairs Unit, an independ-ent think-tank--is a society characterized by rudeness: loutish behavior on the streets, jostling in crowds, impolite shop assistants and bad-tempered drivers.Mr. Anderson says the cumulative effect of these- apparently trivial, but often offensive-is to make everyday life uneasy, unpredictable and unpleasant. As they are encountered far more often than crime, they can cause more anxiety than crime.The book has contributions from 12 academics indisciplines ranging from medicine to soci-ology and charts what it calls the “coarsening” of Britain. Old-fashioned terms such as “gentle-man” and “lady” have lost all meaningful resonance and need to be re-evaluated, it says. Ra-chel Trickett, honorary fellow and former principal of St. Hughs College, Oxford, says that thenotion ofa "lady" protects women rather than demeaning them. Caroline Moore, the first woman fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge, points out that “gentle-man is now used only with irony or derision. The popular view of a gentleman is poised some-where between the imbecile parasite and the villainous one: between Woostcresque chinless wonders, and those heartless capitalist toffs who are.., the stock-in- trade of television.”She argues that the concept is neither class-bound nor rigid; conventions of gentlemanly behavior enable a man to act naturally as and individual within shared assumptions while taking his place in society.For Anthony OHear, professor of philosophy at the University of Bradford, manners are closely associated with the different forms of behavior appropriate to ageand status. They curb both the impetuosity of youth and the bitterness of old age.Egalitarianism, he says, has led to people failing to act their age. “We have vice-chancel-lors with earrings, aristocrats as hippies.. , the trendy vicar on his motorbike.”Dr Bruce Charhon, a lecturer in public health medicine in Newcastle upon Tyne, takes is-sue with the excessive informality of relations between professionals such as doctors and bank managers, and their clients. He says this has eroded the distance and respect necessary in such relationships. For Tristam Engelhardt, professor of medicine in Houston, Texas, says manners are bound to morals.“Manners express a particular set of values,” he says. “Good manners interpret and transform social reality. They provide social orientation.”13. According to the passage, the decline of good manners is more worrying becauseA. it leads to more crime in society.B. people view manners as old-fashioned.C. rudeness on the street cannot be stemmed out.D. it can seriously affect our daily life.14. Rachel Trickett seems to indicate the term “lady”A. has acquired a different meaning.B. is too old-fashioned to use.C. is preferred by feminists.D. victimizes women insociety.15. According to Caroline Moore, the media has projected aimage of the gentle-man.A. humorousB. favorableC. negativeD. traditionalDACBB ACADD DADAC第二部分：行政能力测试第1部分言语理解与表达（共30题，参考时限25分钟）每道题包含一段话或一个句子，后面是一个不完整的陈述，要求你从四个选项中选出一个来完成陈述。
春招通英语试题及答案
春招通英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. 根据所听对话，选择正确答案。
A. 10:00 a.m.B. 11:00 a.m.C. 12:00 p.m.D. 1:00 p.m.[对话内容略]答案：B2. 根据所听短文，回答以下问题。
Q1: What is the main topic of the passage?A. The importance of environmental protection.B. The history of a famous scientist.C. The benefits of physical exercise.D. The impact of technology on society.答案：AQ2: What does the speaker suggest we should do?A. Reduce the use of plastic products.B. Plant more trees.C. Recycle waste.D. All of the above.答案：D二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。
Passage 1[短文内容略]3. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?A. To inform readers about a new technology.B. To persuade readers to adopt a certain lifestyle.C. To entertain readers with a humorous story.D. To analyze the causes of a social issue.答案：B4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of the lifestyle the author advocates?A. Improved health.B. Reduced environmental impact.C. Increased social status.D. Enhanced personal satisfaction.答案：CPassage 2[短文内容略]5. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The company has a history of successful innovation.B. The company is facing financial difficulties.C. The company is expanding its international presence.D. The company is reducing its workforce.答案：A6. What is the main reason for the company's success according to the passage?A. Strong financial backing.B. Effective marketing strategies.C. A focus on research and development.D. Government support.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most suitable word from the options provided.Passage 3[短文内容略]7. A) despiteB) becauseC) althoughD) since答案：A8. A) opportunityB) challengeC) advantageD) obstacle答案：B9. A) HoweverB) ThereforeC) MoreoverD) Nevertheless答案：D四、语法填空（共15分）Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given in brackets.10. The project was a great ______ (success) and it brought a lot of benefits to the community.答案：success11. She is ______ (quiet) than her sister, but she has a very active imagination.答案：quieter12. The ______ (recent) report shows that the number of tourists has increased significantly.答案：recent五、翻译（共15分）Translate the following sentences into English.13. 这个项目的成功证明了团队合作的重要性。
河南学士学位英语考试真题
河南学士学位英语考试真题一、交际用语（10分，每题1分）根据情景补全对话，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项1. —The visit to Italy is fairly good, though we did have quite a lot of rain.— _________. [单选题] *A. It’s a wonderful journey.B. You must get wet.C. It’s a hard journey.D. What a pity!(正确答案)2. —This is Kathy Chen, our Financial Officer.— ___________________ . [单选题] *A. Finance Officer is an important position.B. OK. Let’s go to see her.C. I’m pleased to meet you, Kathy.(正确答案)D. Thank you, Kathy.3. —Would you mind if I smoke here?—______________. [单选题] *A. Yes, go ahead.B. No, I wouldn’t mind at all.C. No, you cannot smoke here.(正确答案)D. You are a smoker!4. —Sorry, I made a mistake again.—________________Practise more, and you’ll succeed. [单选题] *A. Take it easy.(正确答案)B. Certainly not.C. Don't mention it.D. Don’t blame yourself.5. —_______________—I am so glad that there was no traffic jam.[单选题] *A. How have you been recently?B. How did you come over here?C. How was the traffic coming over here?(正确答案)D. How was the position?6. —I’ve started my own software company.— _____________. [单选题] *A. Could you tell me who is the owner?B. No kidding! Congratulations!(正确答案)C. If I had the money, I'd start one.D. My company runs well.7. ——Are you ready to buy a car, Sir?— _________________. [单选题] *A. Yes, please.B. Please don’t buy it.C. No, don’t mention it.D. Yes, I’d like to have a Jeep.(正确答案)8. —What is the distance between the two places?— _________________. [单选题] *A. The distance is not important.B. We should care about it.C. It is about 15 kilometers.(正确答案)D. It is not far away.9. —How did you enjoy the performance?— _________________. [单选题] *A. Perfect. It is attractive.(正确答案)B. It’s up to you.C. It is a good question.D. Yes, you did well.10. —I love the Internet. I’ve come to know many friends on the Net.—____________ Few of them would become your real friends. [单选题] *A. That’s for sure.B. It‘s hard to say.(正确答案)C. I couldn’t agree more.D. Pleased to know that.二、词语用法与语法结构（30分，每题1分）阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
专业英语翻译模拟题
专业英语翻译模拟题一、单选题（共 20 题，每题 2 分）1、“The project is behind schedule and over budget” 最准确的翻译是：A 这个项目落后于进度并且超出预算。
B 这个项目在进度之后并且预算超支。
C 这个项目落后进度且超支。
D 这个项目在进度后面而且预算过多。
2、“She has a flair for languages” 正确的翻译是：A 她有语言的天赋。
B 她对语言有才能。
C 她有语言方面的才华。
D 她在语言上有天资。
3、“The new policy has sparked a lot of controversy” 以下翻译最恰当的是：A 新政策引发了许多争议。
B 新的政策已经点燃了很多争论。
C 新政策激起了大量的争吵。
D 新政策触发了众多的辩论。
4、“He is always in the pink of health” 这句话应该翻译为：A 他总是在健康的粉色中。
B 他身体总是很健康。
C 他总是处于健康的粉色状态。
D 他总是处于健康的最佳状态。
5、“The company is going through a rough patch” 意思是：A 公司正在经历一段艰难时期。
B 公司正在穿过一个粗糙的补丁。
C 公司正在度过一段粗糙的时光。
D 公司正在经历一个粗糙的小块。
6、“I can't wrap my head around this concept” 恰当的翻译是：A 我不能把我的头包在这个概念周围。
B 我搞不懂这个概念。
C 我不能用头环绕这个概念。
D 我不能让我的头围绕这个概念转。
7、“She has a sweet tooth” 正确的翻译是：A 她有一颗甜牙。
B 她喜欢吃甜食。
C 她有一口甜牙齿。
D 她的牙齿是甜的。
8、“The meeting was called off at the last minute” 以下翻译最准确的是：A 会议在最后一分钟被取消了。
新视野研究生英语读说写1课后练习题
Unit1A、选词填空：Assume specialist identity isolated disruptive update mobile academic ethnic realignment1.The company has planned to strengthen its corporate ______2.The results of this survey demonstrate clearly the fact that younger people are the most_______3.More than 100 development groups throughout the world are working on the technology, manyof them attempting to ______ old designs to work with modern engines4.But to ignore the evidence of differences in performance between gender or______groups canlead to unjust treatment of individuals5.I am pleased with the progress to date and I believe that you are not finding the processtoo ______6.The markets are smart enough to guests when a _____ is coming7.You simply cannot______that because the report has been well received that it willautomatically produce action or a decision.8.______ qualifications cannot be the only criteria in judging a person9.If difficulties do arise during your time abroad, you may feel ______ and vulnerable to topressure both from local management and head office10.Many museums employ ______ to offer teachers sample worksheets.B、选择题1.The country is heavily dependent on its oil exportsA, reliant on B. complaint with C, yielding to D. attached to2.An alternative approach is to define words according to the sentence contexts in which they occur.A. outlineB. explainC. specify D, term3.A second hospital has been accused of mixing up a baby’s name tag, making the mother fear she had the wrong child.A, code B. paper C specify D label4.The director will have to shift his roles and expectations when he’s asked by the rest of the board to answer criticism of company performance.A. move B, stint C alter D transit5, Japanese computer makers are turning to scientists overseas to help them develop softwareand applications for massively parallel supercomputers.A, heavily B immensely C, solidly D ponderously6,There is also evidence that younger people expect to transfer the source of their main emotional support to their spouse when they marryA, move…to B subtract…from C distract….from D, deflect….to7.Psychometric tests which attempt to measure students’ ability to use the library have been developed and made use of primarily in the USAA, arbitrate B. assess C. calculate D reckon8.Consequently, the neighborhood they live in, the interests they have, the lifestyle of their friends and colleagues, will necessarily determine what reality is for the childA, residential path B, residential streetC, residential district D residential part9.The aim is to help participants identify their own learning needs in this area and then to suggest ways in which they can increase their knowledgeA, affirm B .confirm C assume D recognize10.As we shall see later, they have been one of the factors that have helped to tip the economic balance firmly against the nuclear optionA .tilt B, incline C slide D slant选词填空adjust derive whole to work think not beyond thus competent less be pride off with human same tend with highI remember viewing half a dozen men in a chair factory whose job was to bend several piecesof steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result. The men knew they 1)______ good. When I talked with them, each expressed enormous 2)______ in being a part of the fastest, best team. And this sense of belonging 3) _______ an accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of 4) ____ .Unlike many other aspects of life, relationships among people at work 5)________ to be simpler, less complicated, somewhat less emotional. This is 6)_______ to say there aren’t arguments and jealousies, but, on the 7)_________, behavioral research discloses that 8)______ relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and9)______ simpler to adjust to than the sporadic, the more intense and 10)___________ regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures its members to learnhow to 11)______ to one another so that the “rough edges” are worked 12)_____ because people know they must do certain things 13)____ and through one another each day.14)_____ the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or hospital or university. The 15)______ pride in being part of a well-coordinated, successful unit is 16)________ from being part of a larger collectivity. Working for a company that is 17)______ of as being part of the best in the community can provide employees 18)____ both status and self-confidence. They assume, usually with good reasons, that others regard them more 19)_______ , even envy them, and that they are more 20)___________ than the average because of this association with a “winner,” a prestigious institution.1．餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。