新标准大学英语综合教程3教师用书(文秋芳 外研社)9
新标准书目
2012016学年第一学期2015级新生
2015-2016学年第一学期2015级新生使用公共课教材书目各教学院：一、2015级公共英语课推荐教材书目（一）2015级本科各专业1.课程名称书号教材名称主编出版社出版日期价格大学英语9787560077338新标准大学英语综合教程1-4册文秋芳外语教学与研究出版社新版 34.909787560086217 新标准大学英语综合训练1-4 册文秋芳外语教学与研究出版社新版 32.002.课程名称书号教材名称主编出版社出版日期价格9787560095431 新标准大学英语同步测试1-4册文秋芳外语教学与研究出版社新版 14.903.课程名称书号教材名称主编出版社出版日期价格阅读 9787040284843 大学英语泛读教程1-4册王健芳高等教育出版社新版4.课程名称书号教材名称主编出版社出版日期价格视听说 9787544613392 新世纪大学英语系列视听说教程第三版1-4册秦秀白杨惠中上海外语教育出版社新版（二）2015级艺术类本科专业课程名称教材名称主编出版社价格1.大学英语 21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程（修订版）1-4 册汪榕培、石坚等复旦大学出版社 40.0021世纪大学英语应用型自主练习1-4册汪榕培、石坚等复旦大学出版社 25.002.视听说 21世纪大学实用英语视听说教程1-2册梁正溜姜荷梅复旦大学出版社 28.00(三）2015级专科各专业课程名称教材名称主编出版社价格1.大学英语新视野大学英语读写教程第二版 1-2册郑树棠外语教学与研究出版社 32.90新视野大学英语练习册第二版1-2册郑树棠外语教学与研究出版社 18.90 2.视听说新世纪大学英语系列教材视听说教程第三版1-2册秦秀白、杨慧中上海外语教育出版社 32.00国际商务（中英合作）班的英语教材，由学生所在学院决定。
（四）2015级艺术类专科各专业课程名称教材名称主编出版社价格1.大学英语《21世纪大学实用英语综合教程》第二版1-2册翟象俊复旦大学出版社2.大学英语《21世纪大学实用英语综合练习》第二版1-2册余建中复旦大学出版社（五）2015级专科小语种各专业（德、法、韩、日、阿）课程名称教材名称主编出版社价格1.大学英语大学英语教程 1-4册黄必康北京大学出版社2.视听说大学英语实用视听说教程（第二版学生用书）1-4册黄必康北京大学出版社外国语学院大学英语专业教研室提供二、2015级公共计算机课教材（专、本科通用）课程名称书号教材名称主编出版社出版日期价格1.9787563643813 计算机文化基础第十版省教育厅组编石油大学 2014年2.9787563643820计算机文化基础实验教程第十版省教育厅组编石油大学 2014年信息工程学院计算机基础专业教研室提供三、2015级大学体育课教材（专、本科通用教材）课程名称书号教材名称主编出版社出版日期价格大学体育 9787811003208 大学体育与健康教程王皋华张威北京体育大学出版社 2013.07 29.80体育部专业教研室提供四、2015级形势与政策课教材（省委高校工委指定专、本科通用教材）课程名称书号教材名称编写出版日期价格形势与政策时事报告（大学生版）中宣部、教育部组织 2015-2016上学期 12.00五、2015级思想政治理论课教材（省教育厅指定专、本科通用教材）1.毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论（2013新版）高等教育出版社本书编写组 23.00元2.思想道德修养与法律基础（2013新版）高等教育出版社本书编写组 15.50元3.中国近现代史纲要（2013新版）高等教育出版社本书编写组 19.50元4.马克思主义基本原理概论（2013新版）高等教育出版社本书编写组 17.00元（备注：思想政治理论课教材信息为省教育厅指定通用教材，马工程重点教材信息可咨询教务处教材管理科。
新标准大学英语三unit9
Text
At this point, I was about to launch into yet another attack on the Americans who regularly choose a child's name by picking letters out of a Scrabble bag. But I've just remembered that over here Harvey Smith called his horse Sanyo Music Centre, so let's move on. 8 Before naming a child Diet Coke or Josh Stick, it's important to remember that the name you choose will have a huge impact on how the poor thing's life will turn out.
18
the beauty of traditional English names. There'd be no Tiger Lily and no Anastasia. Mr and Mrs Beckham would have been told to stop being so stupid. And my children would have been called Roy, Brenda and Enid.
10
Text
This isn't necessarily a bad thing. If it's written in squirly script and the van is full of home-made crusty-bread pottedmeat sandwiches, that's fine. But Jack Wilman? That's the sort of van that would have ladders on the roof. So he's gone for Noah, which means the boy will almost certainly grow up to be gay. 12 To make matters more complicated, a survey out last week suggests teenagers are a lot more conservative than we might think. They're in favour of the monarchy, long prison sentences and patriotism, so this would lead us to believe they'd be against having silly names such as Rawlplug.
(第二版)新标准大学英语综合教程Book3Unit6课后答案
Unit 6Active Reading (1)51overheard 2take…for granted 3wakened 4crept5 clutched 6trim 7beloved61 fragrant 2shepherd 3queer 4 tiptoed 5briskly 6 steady7 1a 2a 3a 4a 5b81 It suggests that his mother is less sentimental and more practical than his father.2 He had been slow in getting up in the morning, meaning that his father had to call him multiple times. Perhaps he had been a little selfish.3 A dagger is sharp and moves quickly, so perhaps the thought was very surprisingand shocking. Also, silver is valuable, and the thought was a very good one.4He was laughing because he knew that his father would be surprised and delighted.He was anticipating his father’s reaction.5It suggests that he always had to work very hard. He had to get up early every morning, even on Christmas Day.6Christmas had been an opportunity for him to show his father he loved him. He believes that love is the real meaning of Christmas.Active Reading (2)3 1d 2a 3b 4c 5b 6d41 justification 2youngsters 3calendar 4charm 5undergoing6dazzling 7feast 8preaches 9good51 a 2a 3b 4b 5a 6a61b 2a 3a 4b 5b 6a 7b 8b81 The world seems small as we can communicate with each other very easily, and people living in it are connected and depend on each other.2To get a feel for something means to have or develop a good knowledge or understanding of something. So, we have to use it to understand it more deeply.3They are not physically blind but follow Western culture without thinking. The blindness here is moral and intellectual rather than physical.4Alarm bells are used to alert people to danger. Scholars and students are not really ringing bells; they are trying to draw people’s attention to the problem.5They just try to ignore something.91 Yes, I think we must take care to preserve our own custom and not become too international.2 No, with modern communication it is inevitable that the world’s cultures are going to mix more and more. We eat hamburgers and Americans love Beijing roast duck.3 No, I think we will all want to preserve our own identity. We can be citizens of the world and at the same time Australian, French or Chinese etc.Language in use11 Be it at Christmas or on any other occasion, people like to spend some quality time with their families.2 Be it in good ways or bad, the world has changed in recent years.3 Be it with a feast or a humble meal, people celebrate festivals in the same way around the world.4 Be they good or naughty, children are blessings.5 Be they scholars or ordinary people, they cannot stop the world from getting smaller.21 That Christmas has become a global festival is not surprising.2 That scholars have expressed concern about the influence of Christmas may be justified.3 That we enjoy an occasion to relax today is no different from our ancestors’enjoying breaks.4 That most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar is the reason we celebrate Christmas.5 That decadence is not the sole preserve of the West is something we need to remember.6 That Jesus was born in the East is something we should not forget.31 Now that his children had grown up and gone, what was the magic of Christmas?2 Now that he knew his father loved him, he promised to get up early and help him with the milking.3 Now that Rob had done the milking, his father considered going back to bed.4 Now that it’s Christmas, everyone seems in a trance.5 Now that Christmas has become a global festival, the Chinese want to relax during those few days as well.6 Now that most of the world follows the Gregorian calendar, the Chinese areinfluenced by its festivals.41 humble beginnings 2granted permission 3undergone…changes4have… charm 5 lose…charm 6humble meal 7worked like a charm Translation6 1908年，安娜·贾维斯在西弗吉尼亚州的格拉夫顿市为自己的母亲举行了一个追思会，这是人们第一次庆祝母亲节这个现代美国节日。
新标准大学英语,综合教程3,第二版Guided Writing
Bar Mitzvah is a Jewish religious ceremony and feast which is held when children become responsible for their actions at the age of 13.
Guided writing
Sample
2
There were rituals for candidates to prepare for these important selection exams. Students had read, recited, and memorized the classics and learned to write particular kinds of poems and essays by strictly using a particular script, writing special texts and counting the exact number of lines and characters. Depending on the level, this could take many years.
6 months in wilderness / follow ancestral songlines / heart of culture, discover themselves
Guided writing
Organise an essay
Think about:
how much time to spend on
新标准大学英语综合教程3教师用书(文秋芳 外研社)2
Active reading (1)
1 Work in pairs. Read the short biography about Sylvia Plath and find out: • • • who she was She was an American poet and a writer of novels, short stories and essays. when she lived She lived between 1932 and 1963. what kind of person she might have been She seemed to have been depressed and unhappy.
Unit 2 Childhood memories
Teaching suggestions and answer keys
Starting point
Work in pairs. Look at the photo scrapbook of childhood memories. Talk about what kind of childhood memories they show. Do any photos remind you of anything from your childhood? (from the left-hand top) • This shows a boy making bubbles using a stick attached with a loop of flexible wire (in a round shape or curve) and a bucket of soapy water. I used to do this with a small piece of circular wire and it was fun to see how many bubbles you could make and try to make the biggest bubble ever. • Here are two children feeding a sheep. I remember feeding dogs and chickens when I was about four, and there are photos of me playing with a cat at that age. • This is a more formal photo. It reminds me of the occasion when I joined the Young Pioneers at seven years old. The photographer kept trying to make me smile, but I was shy so I didn’t want to. • A child writing … yes, this is a familiar memory for me! Writing seemed to be so difficult then, and it was always a struggle to finish the page. Funnily enough, reading seemed to be easy, though. • The girl here seems to be about to wash the dog. This isn’t something I used to do. I simply don’t recall ever washing an animal, but we had dogs at home when I was small.
新标准大学英语综合教程3答案(全版)
新标准大学英语3Unit1Active reading(1)4.b c c d c a5.productive attendance resistance ambitious acceptance script impressive6.attendance ambitious productive impressive resistance script acceptance7.mortgage deck surf coastal;defy lengthy8.b a b b b a b bActive reading(2)4.triple cemetery rear biography cram budding finite elapse5.elapsed;cemetery rear;crammed triple budding;biography finite6.a b a a b b a a7.a b b a a b b b aLanguage in use6.(1)我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。
当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。
我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。
以前每天下午5点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。
（2）明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。
明天甚至压根儿就不存在。
你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。
明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。
你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下滴答滴答地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它就会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”“本应该做”“本来会做”的事情。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译(1-10单元30篇)
Unit 1-1Catching crabs1 In the fall of our final year, our mood changed. The relaxed atmosphere of the preceding summer semester, the impromptu ball games, the boating on the Charles River, the late-night parties had disappeared, and we all started to get our heads down, studying late, and attendance at classes rose steeply again. We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o'clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.2 But there was something else. At the back of everyone's mind was what we would do next, when we left university in a few months' time. It wasn't always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out. One had landed a job in his brother's advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a script under provisional acceptance in Hollywood. The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. But most people were either looking to continue their studies, or to make a living with a white-collar job in a bank, local government, or anything which would pay them enough to have a comfortable time in their early twenties, and then settle down with a family, a mortgage and some hope of promotion.3 I went home at Thanksgiving, and inevitably, my brothers and sisters kept asking me what I was planning to do. I didn't know what to say. Actually, I did know what to say, but I thought they'd probably criticize me, so I told them what everyone else was thinking of doing.4 My father was watching me but saying nothing. Late in the evening, he invited me to his study. We sat down and he poured 抓螃蟹1.大学最后一年的秋天，我们的心情变了。
新标准大学英语综合教程3教师用书
新标准大学英语综合教程3教师用书介绍本文档是针对新标准大学英语综合教程3教师用书的指导和说明。
新标准大学英语综合教程3是一套为大学英语教学设计的教材，适用于英语专业和非英语专业的学生。
本教师用书旨在帮助教师更好地进行教学活动的准备和组织。
教学目标新标准大学英语综合教程3的教学目标主要有以下几个方面：1.提高学生的英语听说能力，培养他们流利、准确地表达的能力；2.培养学生的阅读理解能力，使他们能够独立阅读英文材料；3.培养学生的写作能力，使他们能够用英语进行表达和写作；4.培养学生的文化意识，使他们能够更好地理解和欣赏英语国家的文化。
教学内容新标准大学英语综合教程3的教学内容包括听力、口语、阅读和写作四个方面。
听力教师可以通过使用教材中的听力材料和相关练习，帮助学生提高他们的听力技巧。
教师可以进行以下活动来促进学生的听力能力：•播放教材中的听力材料，让学生跟读并回答相关问题；•组织学生进行听力练习，如听写练习和听力理解练习；•利用教材中的听力材料进行听力训练，如听力填空和听力选择题。
口语在口语教学方面，教师可以通过以下活动来帮助学生提高他们的口语表达能力：•组织学生进行对话练习，让他们参与到真实的对话中；•利用教材中的口语材料进行角色扮演练习；•组织学生进行小组讨论和演讲活动，让他们有机会表达自己的观点。
阅读新标准大学英语综合教程3的阅读部分主要包括文章阅读和阅读理解练习。
教师可以通过以下方式来帮助学生提高他们的阅读能力：•组织学生进行课堂阅读，让他们有机会阅读和理解各种类型的文章；•利用教材中的阅读材料进行阅读理解练习和相关讨论；•组织学生进行小组分享和读后续写活动，让他们有机会对阅读材料进行进一步的思考和表达。
写作在写作教学方面，教师可以通过以下活动来帮助学生提高他们的写作能力：•组织学生进行写作练习，如写作文、信件和日记等；•利用教材中的写作任务进行写作指导和练习；•对学生的写作作品进行批改和评价，帮助他们改进写作技巧。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译及课后翻译
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文翻译完整版U n i t 1 A c t i v e r e a d i n g 1 抓螃蟹大学最后一年的秋天，我们的心情变了。
刚刚过去的夏季学期的轻松氛围、即兴球赛、查尔斯河上的泛舟以及深夜晚会都不见了踪影，我们开始埋头学习，苦读到深夜，课堂出勤率再次急剧上升。
我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。
当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。
我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。
以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。
还有别的事情让大家心情焦虑。
每个人都在心里盘算着过几个月毕业离校之后该找份什么样的工作。
并不总是那些心怀抱负、成绩拔尖的高材生才清楚自己将来要做什么，常常是那些平日里默默无闻的同学早早为自己下几个阶段的人生做好了规划。
有位同学在位于麦迪逊大道他哥哥的广告公司得到了一份工作，另一位同学写的电影脚本已经与好莱坞草签了合约。
我们当中野心最大的一位同学准备到地方上当一个政党活动家，我们都预料他最终会当上参议员或国会议员。
但大多数同学不是准备继续深造，就是想在银行、地方政府或其他单位当个白领，希望在 20 出头的时候能挣到足够多的薪水，过上舒适的生活，然后就娶妻生子，贷款买房，期望升职，过安稳日子。
感恩节的时候我回了一趟家，兄弟姐妹们免不了不停地问我毕业后有什么打算，我不知道该说什么。
实际上，我知道该说什么，但我怕他们批评我，所以只对他们说了别人都准备干什么。
父亲看着我，什么也没说。
夜深时，他叫我去他的书房。
我们坐了下来，他给我们俩各倒了杯饮料。
“怎么样？”他问。
“啊，什么怎么样？”“你毕业后到底想做什么？”他问道。
父亲是一名律师，我一直都认为他想让我去法学院深造，追随他的人生足迹，所以我有点儿犹豫。
新标准大学英语综合教程3教师用书(文秋芳 外研社)10
Tales ancient and modern 10Unit 10 Tales ancient and modernTeaching suggestions and answer keys Starting pointRead the paragraphs about some English and American legends and match them with the pictures.1 (b) Paul BunyanThe original accounts of Paul Bunyan seem to have been “tall stories” told round campfires by forestor timber workers for entertainment purposes. A later journalist brought many together, made them abit more respectable and helped them spread and become a part of American popular culture. As theparagraph notes, some legends of the Cherokees, a Native American people, have been used as the basisfor extra Paul Bunyan stories.324Tales ancient and modern Unit 102 (c) King Arthur and the Knights of the Round TableThe legends of King Arthur were tremendously popular across the states of late mediaeval Europeamong the knightly classes. Thousands of versions and tales survive many masterpieces of literature. IfArthur existed – a very improbable proposition, he was a ruler in Britain shortly after the 5th-centurydeparture of the Roman army.3 (a) Robin HoodThere are many different versions of the stories of Robin Hood, who has been treasured as a popularfigure of resistance to corrupt authority for centuries. (Outlaws of the Marsh offers a Chineseequivalent.) The versions vary so much in their detail that it is highly improbable the legend has anybasis in fact, though no doubt there have at diverse times been such people as Robin. In the mostcommon version Robin Hood is a supporter of the much-admired late 12th-century King Richard I, theLionheart (called so because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior), and an opponent ofhis brother and heir, the much disliked King John.Now work in pairs and answer the questions.1 Which of the legends are likely to be based on real people, and which were invented by storytellers?I do not suppose any of them are true, but there might have been a figure the legends gather around – areal good-hearted outlaw, a big brave forest man, or the inspiring leader of a small kingdom. The PaulBunyan stories seem the wildest and perhaps therefore the most made-up.2 Which ones have special or admirable moral qualities?Robin Hood seems to be a hero of the people, a champion of those oppressed by wicked lords.3 Are there similar legends in Chinese mythology?Yes, I thought immediately of the stories of the Yellow Emperor and his court and their effect ontraditional Chinese medicine, silk production and writing.Active reading (1)1 Work in pairs. Check (¸) the statements which you think might be true.√ 1 People live in the tunnels of the London Underground.I guess there could be some beggars there.2 S ome drivers have given a lift to a hitchhiker, who leaves something in the car and who turns out tohave died several years before.I am not sure this is possible as I don’t believe in ghosts.√ 3 There are alligators in the New York subway.T hat could be possible. There’s water and probably plenty of food inside tunnels so they mightsurvive.4 Be careful about who offers you a drink in a hotel, because you might end up losing body organs.I hope that is a very, very rare event!325Unit 10 Tales ancient and modern326Urban myths or urban legends?Language points1 Very few Londoners have seen them, but the friend of a friend has seen them several times. (Para 1)People who believe in the Subterraneans do not claim to have seen them but to have been told the story.Such information is referred to as “second-hand”. Here the story is third-hand, from a friend’s friend. In other words, it is highly unreliable.2 It usually describes something which might have happened, an apocryphal, second-hand story toldas if it were true, just about plausible enough to be credible, about some event which has supposedly happened to a real person. (Para 2)The word apocryphal means doubtfully true, probably untrue. The books of the Bible were chosen froma large number of texts. The rejected ones are to be found in a collection called the Apocrypha, the bookswhich do not contain reliable information and are not sacred. As a metaphor, the adjective might be used in a biography: “There are many apocryphal stories about George Washington’s childhood.”3 Factual or not, it’s likely to rely on expert storytelling and on a trustworthy source, such as “Ithappened to my brother’s friend’s mother”. (Para 2)Whether or not the story is true, it has to be told in a convincing way and the source has to sound reliable.4 According to them, a myth … which contributed to the expression of shared beliefs and values.(Para 3)The sentence means a myth played a part in the creation of a common world view, ie a culture.5 It has been told and retold many times over the years, gathering embellishments which are specificto the culture in which it’s set. (Para 5)Gathering embellishments means having extra bits or decoration added on, which makes the story grow more complicated and detailed as time passes.6 In Greek mythology, Odysseus sails between Scylla and Charybdis, the narrow and dangerouschannel between mainland Italy and the island of Sicily. (Para 7)Odysseus in his wanderings had to sail between Scylla, a huge sea monster, and Charybdis, a female monster. The slightest mistake erring on either side of the route would lead to disaster. The phrase is used idiomatically for such situations: “The government has to sail the economy between the Scylla of depression and the Charybdis of inflation.”7 In recent years … usually about a virus which can wipe out your hard drive. (Para 10)To wipe out something means to destroy something utterly, the meaning originated from the act of wipinga mark off a surface. See also “Your bravery has wiped out your earlier disgrace.”; “The tribe has beenwiped out by disease and violence.”8 True myths are always benign in their intentions. (Para 11)The word benign means good. Typical uses include a benign smile, an environmentally benign chemical and A tumour will be announced as benign or malign by the doctor.Tales ancient and modern Unit 10Reading and understanding2 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 An urban myth is (d).(a) a strange and unusual story with a modern setting which is impossible to believe(b) a modern story with religious or spiritual significance(c) a story which is always set in an urban environment(d) a fantastic story with a modern setting which you can just about believe2 In the “London Subterraneans” myth strange creatures (d).(a) are learning English underground(b) come out at night to attack Londoners(c) can often be seen just before dawn(d) hardly ever leave their underground homes3 In The Vanishing Hitchhiker(a).(a) a driver gives a lift to a ghost(b) a driver kills a hitchhiker on a lonely road(c) a young hitchhiker turns into an old woman(d) a driver steals a hitchhiker’s coat and wallet4 In the “Alligator” myth (d).(a) children bring home baby alligators from Florida(b) an alligator escapes from the zoo and brings terror to New York(c) baby alligators sometimes appear in New York toilets(d) there are alligators living beneath the streets of New York5 In the story of the kidney transplant, a man (c).(a) agrees to sell a kidney to someone he meets in a bar(b) drinks too much and has to be taken to hospital(c) is drugged and then has a kidney removed(d) has a kidney transplant in his hotel room6 “Urban myths” on the Internet are really “hoaxes” because (b).(a) they use capital letters and exclamation marks(b) their aim is usually to cheat people(c) none of the “evidence” they give can be proved(d) they do not cause any harm7 Urban “myths” are really “legends” because they (c).(a) have no characteristics in common with real myths(b) are easier to believe than real myths(c) are not about gods and the creation of the world(d) refer to modern technology327Unit 10 Tales ancient and modern3283 Decide whether the statements refer to a myth (M), a legend (L), or both (B).1 It shows people how to behave in society. (M)2 It has been told and retold many times. (B)3 It can warn of dangers. (B)4 It is based on historical events. (L)5 It refers to human characters. (L)6 It refers to superhuman characters. (M)7 It can have a moral message. (B)8 It is often about natural phenomena. (M)Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 an imaginary creature with magic powers (fairy)2 a system of principles concerning right and wrong behaviour (morality)3 with a definite intention, not by chance or by accident (deliberately)4 less important than something else (secondary)5 intended or likely to make someone believe something that is incorrect or not true (misleading)6 continuing to exist for a long time, even if the situation changes (durable)7 an ancient traditional story about gods, heroes and magic (myth)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Legends and (1) myths exist in every culture. Usually they are stories for adults. But most cultures also have a special type of story for children, known as (2) fairy tales because of the magic characters which inhabit them. The primary purpose of these stories is to entertain, but there is usually a (3) secondary purpose, too. Fairy tales are (4) deliberately intended to warn children about the dangers of the adult world, and how easy it is to be (5) misled by adults with bad intentions. In the end, of course, (6) morality always triumphs and everyone lives happily ever afterwards. Fairy tales were particularly popular in the 19th century, but their appeal continues to be (7) durable in more modern versions of the same stories.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 Many of the oldest myths try to explain the beginning of the world. (creation)2 I think Frances is coming. I can hear the sound made by her feet in the corridor. (footsteps)I can hear her footsteps in the corridor.3 Where can I get rid of these plastic bottles? (dispose of)4 The first operation involving a heart removed from one body and placed in another was carried out inSouth Africa in 1967. (transplant)5 I heard some unofficial information which may or may not be true that Frank is going to retire. (rumour)I heard the rumour that Frank is going to retire.6 Public benches in Venice were completely covered by water yesterday. (submerged)Tales ancient and modern Unit 107 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If a story is passed by word of mouth, do you (a) hear it, or (b) read it?2 Is a credible story one that you (a) can easily believe, or (b) find difficult to believe?3 If you drop someone off somewhere, do you (a) stop to let them get out of your car, or (b) knock themover with your car?4 If you leave something behind somewhere, do you (a) want to give it to someone, or (b) forget to take itwith you?5 Is a captivating story likely to be (a) enjoyable, or (b) violent?6 If you wipe out the messages in an email inbox, do you (a) put them in order, or (b) delete them?7 Is something that is benign (a) harmful, or (b) kind and nice?Reading and interpreting8 Work in pairs. Decide what the writer’s main aim and secondary aims (if any) are. Choose from the list:1 to show that urban myths are really “legends”2 to give lots of examples of urban myths3 to show that myths are as popular as ever4 to show that the Internet is the main source of urban myths5 to show how urban myths transmit important moral messages6 to convince us that urban myths are usually credible7 to suggest that urban myths are an important part of modern cultureThe writer’s main aim is 1.The secondary aims are 2 and 7.9 Work in pairs. Answer the questions about the effectiveness of the passage.1 How does the title indicate the writer’s main aim?It suggests that the word myth is not suitable; it contrasts myths and legends.2 What is the effect of the first sentence on the reader?It sets the scene for the first story and makes the reader wonder why this information is being given.3 At what point does the reader realize that this is fiction, not fact?The beginning of the second paragraph “True story? Probably not”.4 What is the last piece of information given in the hitchhiker story, and what effect does it have?Its being the anniversary “explains” why the ghost returned; it gives the story a sort of reliability and aclear ending.5 How is the alligator story linked to classical mythology?The writer shows that, like the myth of Odysseus, the urban myth warns New Yorkers of possibledangers.6 At what point does the transplant story become difficult to believe?When the man wakes up in a bath of ice.7 Which story is least credible, and why?The “Hitchhiker” story, as I do not believe in ghosts.329Unit 10 Tales ancient and modern3308 How effectively does the writer retell the stories?The “Alligator” myth is told dramatically. The Vanishing Hitchhiker has alternative details so it is less realistic as you read it. The story of the kidney transplant is less dramatic all round.9 Why does the writer leave the Internet example until last?Because he believes it is a hoax rather than an urban myth and also probably because it is the most recent example.10 How well does the writer complete his aim in the last two paragraphs?He comes to a conclusion and answers the question he raised in the title, so he has done what he set out to do.Developing critical thinking10 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 Is the distinction between myth and legend a valid one?Yes, myths contain gods and semi-divine beings and try to explain the way the world is created, whereas legends are about human actions and try to teach lessons about life.2 What is the function of a classical myth?It helps people to understand their lives, accept their fates and teaches them how to behave.3 How quickly can historical events become legend?It often takes a long time so that failings and failures can be forgotten, but if someone wants to createa legend it can be much quicker – one well-made film can lift someone from real life into the world oflegend. I think it happens with wars, national leaders and celebrities who die young, like Bruce Lee or Princess Diana.4 What is the appeal of an urban myth?They seem to make use of some of our deep fears about, for example, the dead, what hides in dark spots and underground, and risks to our bodies by organ thieves.5 How can Internet myths be harmful?They spread fear and may cause unjustified hatred and anger.Talking pointWork in pairs. Look at the film posters and say which films you have seen. Discuss which descriptions of the films you agree with.• an apocryphal second-hand story• a story based on fact• a story with spiritual significance• a story warning of possible dangers to the viewers• a story showing how to behave appropriately in society• a dangerous hoax• a great action film• a load of nonsense but quite good funTales ancient and modern Unit 10• The Return of the King – I have no patience for that sort of fantasy. It is just a mixture of old myths and legends with no real meaning.• I think these are all far from reality. Wizards, magic swords and alien clouds are not real.• I think both The Return of the King and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon are full of messages about the fight between good and evil.• Star Trek warns of dangers to life on Earth, and there are plenty of those.• Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is full of examples of good behaviour and noble feelings we should try to copy.• Well, none of them is an actual hoax, but I do think some people get dangerous fantasies of actually being able to perform completely impossible martial arts moves.• The fight scenes in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon are excellent. Though I think The House of Flying Daggers is even better.• That’s a good description of all of them, great fun but not at all serious.331Unit 10 Tales ancient and modern332Active reading (2)1 Work in pairs. Look at the painting and answer the questions.1 What is the young man doing?He is looking at his reflection in the water.2 How does he feel when he’s doing this?He appears to be very happy.N ow read the extract from the book The Illustrated Age of Fable and check your answers. Say whether the story is a legend or a myth.The story is a myth as it contains gods and goddesses and explains why there are echoes and how the narcissus flower came into existence.Echo and NarcissusLanguage points1 She was a favourite of Diana, and attended her in the chase. (Para 1)The chase means a hunt. The word has an old-fashioned feel to it, presumably because so few people now ever talk of hunting.2 Echo by her talk contrived to detain the goddess till the nymphs made their escape. (Para 1)To contrive to do something means to succeed in doing something in spite of difficulties. Echo distracted and delayed Juno with her constant chatter with the result that the nymphs who had been flirting with Jupiter, and whom Juno had hoped to catch, had gone. In anger Juno curses Echo.3 He left her, and she went to hide her blushes in the recesses of the woods. (Para 2)To hide one’s blushes means to keep one’s embarrassment or shame from being noticed by others.The recesses of something refer to the parts of something that you cannot see easily because they are hidden or dark.4 He talked with the supposed spirit: “Why, beautiful being, do you shun me? …” (Para 4)To shun means to avoid. Narcissus talks to his reflection supposing or thinking it is a magical being.5 With this, and much more of the same kind, he cherished the flame that consumed him ... (Para 4)To cherish the flame which consumed him means to take care of the thing which destroyed him.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Why was Juno angry with Echo?(a) She spoke too much.(b) She wasn’t working with the other nymphs.(c) She prevented her from finding her husband with the other nymphs.(d) She had fallen in love with her husband.2 How did Juno punish Echo?(a) She took away all her powers.(b) She cut out her tongue.(c) She took away her ability to speak first.(d) She made her fall in love with Narcissus.3 What did Echo want to do when she saw Narcissus?(a) She wanted to speak to him.(b) She wanted to have his voice.(c) She wanted to repeat everything he said.(d) She wanted to hide.4 What happened to Echo afterwards?(a) She went to live on a mountain.(b) She became a voice without a body.(c) She killed herself in a cave.(d) She made Narcissus fall in love with her.5 What did a maiden want Narcissus to do?(a) She wanted him to fall in love with a goddess.(b) She wanted him to fall in love with Echo.(c) She wanted him to fall in love with no hope of his feelings being returned.(d) She wanted him to pray to the gods.6 What happened to Narcissus?(a) He fell in love with the young woman.(b) He fell in love with a reflection of himself in the water.(c) He thought he was a god.(d) He fell into the fountain where he had stopped to drink.7 What happened to the reflection of Narcissus?(a) It fell in love with Narcissus.(b) It spoke to Narcissus.(c) It looked more like Echo than Narcissus.(d) It disappeared when Narcissus began to cry.8 What happened to the body of Narcissus?(a) It was carried away by the nymphs.(b) It turned into a flower.(c) It was burned.(d) It was taken by boat down the river.3 Check (¸) the elements in the story which make it a myth. If you like, refer to the passage Urban myths or urban legends?1 It’s a story from ancient history.2 It’s a modern story.√ 3 It’s a traditional ancient story.333√ 4 It originally had a religious or spiritual meaning.5 It’s based on historical events.6 It’s part of a set of other similar stories.7 It’s a funny story with no special meaning.√8 It contains a moral lesson.√9 It’s been told and retold many times.10 The characters in the story were real people.√11 The characters are gods and heroes.12 It’s set in a place that still exists today.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to put your arms around someone in order to show love or friendship (embrace)2 to quickly push something a long way into something else (plunge)3 to do something again after a pause, usually with more energy or emphasis than before (renew)4 to have a conversation (converse)5 to think that something is very important and wish to keep it (cherish)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 We must have been conversing about something, but our minds were on other things.2 I haven’t seen him for years, but I cherish the memory of our time together.3 Next week we’re going to church to renew the wedding promises we made 50 years ago.4 It is so hot that he wishes he could plunge his head into a bucket of ice-cold water.5 They embraced each other for a moment hoping somehow the moment would last forever.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 He waved at me from the high ground overlooking the sea. (cliff)2 To me it seemed as if he was dangerously close to the edge of the deep lake. (brink)3 After walking for hours in the hot sun, she needed to drink something and bent over to drink from afountain at the side of the road. (stooped)4 Echo tried hard to make Narcissus fall in love with her. (endeavoured)5 Narcissus was lacking in interest or sympathy to all the nymphs who loved him. (indifferent)6 After the nymphs left, Juno punished Echo. (departed)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you contrive to do something, do you (a) manage to do it, or (b) fail to do it?2 If you detain somebody, do you (a) make them wait, or (b) let them go?3 Is it the job of (a) an English teacher, or (b) a judge to pass sentence on someone?4 If you forfeit something, (a) can you keep it, or (b) do you have to give it up?5 Do you shun someone by (a) going close to them, or (b) not going near to them?6 If you hasten somewhere, do you go there (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?7 If you have a blush on your cheeks, does it indicate that you are (a) cold, or (b) embarrassed?3348 If you entreat someone to do something, do you (a) beg them, or (b) force them to do it?9 If you do something by degrees, do you do it (a) quickly, or (b) a little at a time?10 If you mourn for someone who has just died, do you show that you are (a) surprised, or (b) very sadabout their death?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage. Think about the vocabulary and grammar of the underlined words.1 You shall forfeit the use of that tongue with which you have cheated me …The use of shall in the second person and choice of forfeit sound old-style and legal. A very roundaboutway of saying your tongue is used. With which is more formal than which … with. The sentence meansyou will lose the use of your tongue because you have used it to trick me.2 This nymph saw Narcissus, a beautiful youth, as he pursued the chase upon the mountains.The word beautiful is not used nowadays for men; pursued the chase is a very archaic way of sayinghunt. The sentence means this nymph saw Narcissus, a handsome young man, as he hunted in themountains.3 “Let us join one another,” said the youth.Let us is used rather than the colloquial let’s. To join one another means to meet.4 There was a clear fountain, with water like silver, to which the shepherds never drove their flocks, northe mountain goats resorted, nor any of the beasts of the forest; neither was it defaced with fallen leavesor branches …The expression drive flocks is archaic; the never ... nor ... nor ... neither ... pattern is very literary. Thewords resorted and defaced are used in unusual ways. The expression beasts of the forests is preferredto the colloquial animals. The sentence means there was a clear fountain, with water like silver, wherethe shepherds never took their flocks and where mountain goats and forest animals never went. Noteven fallen leaves or branches ever spoiled its beauty.5 Hither came one day the youth fatigued with hunting, heated and thirsty.The word hither is archaic. Note the literary inversion. The sentence means one day the young man,tired after hunting, hot and thirsty, came to the place.6 The nymphs love me, and you yourself look not indifferent upon me.Look not is a usage from before the time of the development of the auxiliary verb do. The prepositionupon sounds strange here. The writer is creating the effect of 16th- / 17th-century English prose. Thesentence means the nymphs love me and you yourself seem to show interest in me.9 Work in pairs and answer the questions.1 Does the story have a hero or heroine? If so, who?Echo is the heroine while Narcissus is the hero.3352 Does the story have any examples of heroic behaviour? If so, what are they?Echo takes a risk to protect her fellow nymphs. She also dies for the love of another, though in a verypassive way.3 Does the story have any examples of ordinary human behaviour? If so, what are they?Helping friends, falling in hopeless love and self-love are all common among humans.4 Which supernatural events does it describe?Divine magical punishments, fading away into a voice, becoming a flower etc.5 Does the story have any emotional effect on the reader? If so, what is it?Yes, I felt angry with Narcissus. He was so selfish and obsessed with himself. He deserved to become aflower!6 Would you have preferred to read a modern version of the story? If so, why?Well, I would have found it easier to follow, but maybe old legends should sound old-fashioned.7 Does the story have any message for a modern reader? If so, what is it?Do not think too much of yourself!Developing critical thinking10 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 Is the behaviour of anyone in the story an example to ordinary people?Narcissus is a negative example – people should be interested in others and not just themselves.2 Do classical myths have any value in today’s society?• They make good stories for children.• They contain a lot of traditional wisdom we should not ignore.3 To what extent do you think myths are culture specific?• C ultures do have different emphasis, but they are also about the basic human needs and emotions somyths from different places may have a lot in common.• I think they are quite culture specific. Of course, there may be some points of common interest aswe are all human and want to know how life began, what the stars are and things like that, but we donot have stories like Adam and Eve and Noah’s Ark or Narcissus and Echo in China. Our myths aredifferent in style.4 Should myths and legends be part of a school curriculum?Yes, they are part of our past and knowledge of them makes us part of the culture.5 Can myths be modernized in the style of urban legends?Well, I don’t think stories about people turning into flowers would interest many people but I guessyou could do something with the theme of self-love leading to a sad fate. It probably depends on theparticular myth.336。
新标准大学英语综合教程3教师用书(文秋芳 外研社)10
Tales ancient and modern 10Unit 10 Tales ancient and modernTeaching suggestions and answer keys Starting pointRead the paragraphs about some English and American legends and match them with the pictures.1 (b) Paul BunyanThe original accounts of Paul Bunyan seem to have been “tall stories” told round campfires by forestor timber workers for entertainment purposes. A later journalist brought many together, made them abit more respectable and helped them spread and become a part of American popular culture. As theparagraph notes, some legends of the Cherokees, a Native American people, have been used as the basisfor extra Paul Bunyan stories.324Tales ancient and modern Unit 102 (c) King Arthur and the Knights of the Round TableThe legends of King Arthur were tremendously popular across the states of late mediaeval Europeamong the knightly classes. Thousands of versions and tales survive many masterpieces of literature. IfArthur existed – a very improbable proposition, he was a ruler in Britain shortly after the 5th-centurydeparture of the Roman army.3 (a) Robin HoodThere are many different versions of the stories of Robin Hood, who has been treasured as a popularfigure of resistance to corrupt authority for centuries. (Outlaws of the Marsh offers a Chineseequivalent.) The versions vary so much in their detail that it is highly improbable the legend has anybasis in fact, though no doubt there have at diverse times been such people as Robin. In the mostcommon version Robin Hood is a supporter of the much-admired late 12th-century King Richard I, theLionheart (called so because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior), and an opponent ofhis brother and heir, the much disliked King John.Now work in pairs and answer the questions.1 Which of the legends are likely to be based on real people, and which were invented by storytellers?I do not suppose any of them are true, but there might have been a figure the legends gather around – areal good-hearted outlaw, a big brave forest man, or the inspiring leader of a small kingdom. The PaulBunyan stories seem the wildest and perhaps therefore the most made-up.2 Which ones have special or admirable moral qualities?Robin Hood seems to be a hero of the people, a champion of those oppressed by wicked lords.3 Are there similar legends in Chinese mythology?Yes, I thought immediately of the stories of the Yellow Emperor and his court and their effect ontraditional Chinese medicine, silk production and writing.Active reading (1)1 Work in pairs. Check (¸) the statements which you think might be true.√ 1 People live in the tunnels of the London Underground.I guess there could be some beggars there.2 S ome drivers have given a lift to a hitchhiker, who leaves something in the car and who turns out tohave died several years before.I am not sure this is possible as I don’t believe in ghosts.√ 3 There are alligators in the New York subway.T hat could be possible. There’s water and probably plenty of food inside tunnels so they mightsurvive.4 Be careful about who offers you a drink in a hotel, because you might end up losing body organs.I hope that is a very, very rare event!325Unit 10 Tales ancient and modern326Urban myths or urban legends?Language points1 Very few Londoners have seen them, but the friend of a friend has seen them several times. (Para 1)People who believe in the Subterraneans do not claim to have seen them but to have been told the story.Such information is referred to as “second-hand”. Here the story is third-hand, from a friend’s friend. In other words, it is highly unreliable.2 It usually describes something which might have happened, an apocryphal, second-hand story toldas if it were true, just about plausible enough to be credible, about some event which has supposedly happened to a real person. (Para 2)The word apocryphal means doubtfully true, probably untrue. The books of the Bible were chosen froma large number of texts. The rejected ones are to be found in a collection called the Apocrypha, the bookswhich do not contain reliable information and are not sacred. As a metaphor, the adjective might be used in a biography: “There are many apocryphal stories about George Washington’s childhood.”3 Factual or not, it’s likely to rely on expert storytelling and on a trustworthy source, such as “Ithappened to my brother’s friend’s mother”. (Para 2)Whether or not the story is true, it has to be told in a convincing way and the source has to sound reliable.4 According to them, a myth … which contributed to the expression of shared beliefs and values.(Para 3)The sentence means a myth played a part in the creation of a common world view, ie a culture.5 It has been told and retold many times over the years, gathering embellishments which are specificto the culture in which it’s set. (Para 5)Gathering embellishments means having extra bits or decoration added on, which makes the story grow more complicated and detailed as time passes.6 In Greek mythology, Odysseus sails between Scylla and Charybdis, the narrow and dangerouschannel between mainland Italy and the island of Sicily. (Para 7)Odysseus in his wanderings had to sail between Scylla, a huge sea monster, and Charybdis, a female monster. The slightest mistake erring on either side of the route would lead to disaster. The phrase is used idiomatically for such situations: “The government has to sail the economy between the Scylla of depression and the Charybdis of inflation.”7 In recent years … usually about a virus which can wipe out your hard drive. (Para 10)To wipe out something means to destroy something utterly, the meaning originated from the act of wipinga mark off a surface. See also “Your bravery has wiped out your earlier disgrace.”; “The tribe has beenwiped out by disease and violence.”8 True myths are always benign in their intentions. (Para 11)The word benign means good. Typical uses include a benign smile, an environmentally benign chemical and A tumour will be announced as benign or malign by the doctor.Tales ancient and modern Unit 10Reading and understanding2 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 An urban myth is (d).(a) a strange and unusual story with a modern setting which is impossible to believe(b) a modern story with religious or spiritual significance(c) a story which is always set in an urban environment(d) a fantastic story with a modern setting which you can just about believe2 In the “London Subterraneans” myth strange creatures (d).(a) are learning English underground(b) come out at night to attack Londoners(c) can often be seen just before dawn(d) hardly ever leave their underground homes3 In The Vanishing Hitchhiker(a).(a) a driver gives a lift to a ghost(b) a driver kills a hitchhiker on a lonely road(c) a young hitchhiker turns into an old woman(d) a driver steals a hitchhiker’s coat and wallet4 In the “Alligator” myth (d).(a) children bring home baby alligators from Florida(b) an alligator escapes from the zoo and brings terror to New York(c) baby alligators sometimes appear in New York toilets(d) there are alligators living beneath the streets of New York5 In the story of the kidney transplant, a man (c).(a) agrees to sell a kidney to someone he meets in a bar(b) drinks too much and has to be taken to hospital(c) is drugged and then has a kidney removed(d) has a kidney transplant in his hotel room6 “Urban myths” on the Internet are really “hoaxes” because (b).(a) they use capital letters and exclamation marks(b) their aim is usually to cheat people(c) none of the “evidence” they give can be proved(d) they do not cause any harm7 Urban “myths” are really “legends” because they (c).(a) have no characteristics in common with real myths(b) are easier to believe than real myths(c) are not about gods and the creation of the world(d) refer to modern technology327Unit 10 Tales ancient and modern3283 Decide whether the statements refer to a myth (M), a legend (L), or both (B).1 It shows people how to behave in society. (M)2 It has been told and retold many times. (B)3 It can warn of dangers. (B)4 It is based on historical events. (L)5 It refers to human characters. (L)6 It refers to superhuman characters. (M)7 It can have a moral message. (B)8 It is often about natural phenomena. (M)Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 an imaginary creature with magic powers (fairy)2 a system of principles concerning right and wrong behaviour (morality)3 with a definite intention, not by chance or by accident (deliberately)4 less important than something else (secondary)5 intended or likely to make someone believe something that is incorrect or not true (misleading)6 continuing to exist for a long time, even if the situation changes (durable)7 an ancient traditional story about gods, heroes and magic (myth)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Legends and (1) myths exist in every culture. Usually they are stories for adults. But most cultures also have a special type of story for children, known as (2) fairy tales because of the magic characters which inhabit them. The primary purpose of these stories is to entertain, but there is usually a (3) secondary purpose, too. Fairy tales are (4) deliberately intended to warn children about the dangers of the adult world, and how easy it is to be (5) misled by adults with bad intentions. In the end, of course, (6) morality always triumphs and everyone lives happily ever afterwards. Fairy tales were particularly popular in the 19th century, but their appeal continues to be (7) durable in more modern versions of the same stories.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 Many of the oldest myths try to explain the beginning of the world. (creation)2 I think Frances is coming. I can hear the sound made by her feet in the corridor. (footsteps)I can hear her footsteps in the corridor.3 Where can I get rid of these plastic bottles? (dispose of)4 The first operation involving a heart removed from one body and placed in another was carried out inSouth Africa in 1967. (transplant)5 I heard some unofficial information which may or may not be true that Frank is going to retire. (rumour)I heard the rumour that Frank is going to retire.6 Public benches in Venice were completely covered by water yesterday. (submerged)Tales ancient and modern Unit 107 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If a story is passed by word of mouth, do you (a) hear it, or (b) read it?2 Is a credible story one that you (a) can easily believe, or (b) find difficult to believe?3 If you drop someone off somewhere, do you (a) stop to let them get out of your car, or (b) knock themover with your car?4 If you leave something behind somewhere, do you (a) want to give it to someone, or (b) forget to take itwith you?5 Is a captivating story likely to be (a) enjoyable, or (b) violent?6 If you wipe out the messages in an email inbox, do you (a) put them in order, or (b) delete them?7 Is something that is benign (a) harmful, or (b) kind and nice?Reading and interpreting8 Work in pairs. Decide what the writer’s main aim and secondary aims (if any) are. Choose from the list:1 to show that urban myths are really “legends”2 to give lots of examples of urban myths3 to show that myths are as popular as ever4 to show that the Internet is the main source of urban myths5 to show how urban myths transmit important moral messages6 to convince us that urban myths are usually credible7 to suggest that urban myths are an important part of modern cultureThe writer’s main aim is 1.The secondary aims are 2 and 7.9 Work in pairs. Answer the questions about the effectiveness of the passage.1 How does the title indicate the writer’s main aim?It suggests that the word myth is not suitable; it contrasts myths and legends.2 What is the effect of the first sentence on the reader?It sets the scene for the first story and makes the reader wonder why this information is being given.3 At what point does the reader realize that this is fiction, not fact?The beginning of the second paragraph “True story? Probably not”.4 What is the last piece of information given in the hitchhiker story, and what effect does it have?Its being the anniversary “explains” why the ghost returned; it gives the story a sort of reliability and aclear ending.5 How is the alligator story linked to classical mythology?The writer shows that, like the myth of Odysseus, the urban myth warns New Yorkers of possibledangers.6 At what point does the transplant story become difficult to believe?When the man wakes up in a bath of ice.7 Which story is least credible, and why?The “Hitchhiker” story, as I do not believe in ghosts.329Unit 10 Tales ancient and modern3308 How effectively does the writer retell the stories?The “Alligator” myth is told dramatically. The Vanishing Hitchhiker has alternative details so it is less realistic as you read it. The story of the kidney transplant is less dramatic all round.9 Why does the writer leave the Internet example until last?Because he believes it is a hoax rather than an urban myth and also probably because it is the most recent example.10 How well does the writer complete his aim in the last two paragraphs?He comes to a conclusion and answers the question he raised in the title, so he has done what he set out to do.Developing critical thinking10 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 Is the distinction between myth and legend a valid one?Yes, myths contain gods and semi-divine beings and try to explain the way the world is created, whereas legends are about human actions and try to teach lessons about life.2 What is the function of a classical myth?It helps people to understand their lives, accept their fates and teaches them how to behave.3 How quickly can historical events become legend?It often takes a long time so that failings and failures can be forgotten, but if someone wants to createa legend it can be much quicker – one well-made film can lift someone from real life into the world oflegend. I think it happens with wars, national leaders and celebrities who die young, like Bruce Lee or Princess Diana.4 What is the appeal of an urban myth?They seem to make use of some of our deep fears about, for example, the dead, what hides in dark spots and underground, and risks to our bodies by organ thieves.5 How can Internet myths be harmful?They spread fear and may cause unjustified hatred and anger.Talking pointWork in pairs. Look at the film posters and say which films you have seen. Discuss which descriptions of the films you agree with.• an apocryphal second-hand story• a story based on fact• a story with spiritual significance• a story warning of possible dangers to the viewers• a story showing how to behave appropriately in society• a dangerous hoax• a great action film• a load of nonsense but quite good funTales ancient and modern Unit 10• The Return of the King – I have no patience for that sort of fantasy. It is just a mixture of old myths and legends with no real meaning.• I think these are all far from reality. Wizards, magic swords and alien clouds are not real.• I think both The Return of the King and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon are full of messages about the fight between good and evil.• Star Trek warns of dangers to life on Earth, and there are plenty of those.• Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is full of examples of good behaviour and noble feelings we should try to copy.• Well, none of them is an actual hoax, but I do think some people get dangerous fantasies of actually being able to perform completely impossible martial arts moves.• The fight scenes in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon are excellent. Though I think The House of Flying Daggers is even better.• That’s a good description of all of them, great fun but not at all serious.331Unit 10 Tales ancient and modern332Active reading (2)1 Work in pairs. Look at the painting and answer the questions.1 What is the young man doing?He is looking at his reflection in the water.2 How does he feel when he’s doing this?He appears to be very happy.N ow read the extract from the book The Illustrated Age of Fable and check your answers. Say whether the story is a legend or a myth.The story is a myth as it contains gods and goddesses and explains why there are echoes and how the narcissus flower came into existence.Echo and NarcissusLanguage points1 She was a favourite of Diana, and attended her in the chase. (Para 1)The chase means a hunt. The word has an old-fashioned feel to it, presumably because so few people now ever talk of hunting.2 Echo by her talk contrived to detain the goddess till the nymphs made their escape. (Para 1)To contrive to do something means to succeed in doing something in spite of difficulties. Echo distracted and delayed Juno with her constant chatter with the result that the nymphs who had been flirting with Jupiter, and whom Juno had hoped to catch, had gone. In anger Juno curses Echo.3 He left her, and she went to hide her blushes in the recesses of the woods. (Para 2)To hide one’s blushes means to keep one’s embarrassment or shame from being noticed by others.The recesses of something refer to the parts of something that you cannot see easily because they are hidden or dark.4 He talked with the supposed spirit: “Why, beautiful being, do you shun me? …” (Para 4)To shun means to avoid. Narcissus talks to his reflection supposing or thinking it is a magical being.5 With this, and much more of the same kind, he cherished the flame that consumed him ... (Para 4)To cherish the flame which consumed him means to take care of the thing which destroyed him.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Why was Juno angry with Echo?(a) She spoke too much.(b) She wasn’t working with the other nymphs.(c) She prevented her from finding her husband with the other nymphs.(d) She had fallen in love with her husband.2 How did Juno punish Echo?(a) She took away all her powers.(b) She cut out her tongue.(c) She took away her ability to speak first.(d) She made her fall in love with Narcissus.3 What did Echo want to do when she saw Narcissus?(a) She wanted to speak to him.(b) She wanted to have his voice.(c) She wanted to repeat everything he said.(d) She wanted to hide.4 What happened to Echo afterwards?(a) She went to live on a mountain.(b) She became a voice without a body.(c) She killed herself in a cave.(d) She made Narcissus fall in love with her.5 What did a maiden want Narcissus to do?(a) She wanted him to fall in love with a goddess.(b) She wanted him to fall in love with Echo.(c) She wanted him to fall in love with no hope of his feelings being returned.(d) She wanted him to pray to the gods.6 What happened to Narcissus?(a) He fell in love with the young woman.(b) He fell in love with a reflection of himself in the water.(c) He thought he was a god.(d) He fell into the fountain where he had stopped to drink.7 What happened to the reflection of Narcissus?(a) It fell in love with Narcissus.(b) It spoke to Narcissus.(c) It looked more like Echo than Narcissus.(d) It disappeared when Narcissus began to cry.8 What happened to the body of Narcissus?(a) It was carried away by the nymphs.(b) It turned into a flower.(c) It was burned.(d) It was taken by boat down the river.3 Check (¸) the elements in the story which make it a myth. If you like, refer to the passage Urban myths or urban legends?1 It’s a story from ancient history.2 It’s a modern story.√ 3 It’s a traditional ancient story.333√ 4 It originally had a religious or spiritual meaning.5 It’s based on historical events.6 It’s part of a set of other similar stories.7 It’s a funny story with no special meaning.√8 It contains a moral lesson.√9 It’s been told and retold many times.10 The characters in the story were real people.√11 The characters are gods and heroes.12 It’s set in a place that still exists today.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to put your arms around someone in order to show love or friendship (embrace)2 to quickly push something a long way into something else (plunge)3 to do something again after a pause, usually with more energy or emphasis than before (renew)4 to have a conversation (converse)5 to think that something is very important and wish to keep it (cherish)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 We must have been conversing about something, but our minds were on other things.2 I haven’t seen him for years, but I cherish the memory of our time together.3 Next week we’re going to church to renew the wedding promises we made 50 years ago.4 It is so hot that he wishes he could plunge his head into a bucket of ice-cold water.5 They embraced each other for a moment hoping somehow the moment would last forever.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 He waved at me from the high ground overlooking the sea. (cliff)2 To me it seemed as if he was dangerously close to the edge of the deep lake. (brink)3 After walking for hours in the hot sun, she needed to drink something and bent over to drink from afountain at the side of the road. (stooped)4 Echo tried hard to make Narcissus fall in love with her. (endeavoured)5 Narcissus was lacking in interest or sympathy to all the nymphs who loved him. (indifferent)6 After the nymphs left, Juno punished Echo. (departed)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you contrive to do something, do you (a) manage to do it, or (b) fail to do it?2 If you detain somebody, do you (a) make them wait, or (b) let them go?3 Is it the job of (a) an English teacher, or (b) a judge to pass sentence on someone?4 If you forfeit something, (a) can you keep it, or (b) do you have to give it up?5 Do you shun someone by (a) going close to them, or (b) not going near to them?6 If you hasten somewhere, do you go there (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?7 If you have a blush on your cheeks, does it indicate that you are (a) cold, or (b) embarrassed?3348 If you entreat someone to do something, do you (a) beg them, or (b) force them to do it?9 If you do something by degrees, do you do it (a) quickly, or (b) a little at a time?10 If you mourn for someone who has just died, do you show that you are (a) surprised, or (b) very sadabout their death?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage. Think about the vocabulary and grammar of the underlined words.1 You shall forfeit the use of that tongue with which you have cheated me …The use of shall in the second person and choice of forfeit sound old-style and legal. A very roundaboutway of saying your tongue is used. With which is more formal than which … with. The sentence meansyou will lose the use of your tongue because you have used it to trick me.2 This nymph saw Narcissus, a beautiful youth, as he pursued the chase upon the mountains.The word beautiful is not used nowadays for men; pursued the chase is a very archaic way of sayinghunt. The sentence means this nymph saw Narcissus, a handsome young man, as he hunted in themountains.3 “Let us join one another,” said the youth.Let us is used rather than the colloquial let’s. To join one another means to meet.4 There was a clear fountain, with water like silver, to which the shepherds never drove their flocks, northe mountain goats resorted, nor any of the beasts of the forest; neither was it defaced with fallen leavesor branches …The expression drive flocks is archaic; the never ... nor ... nor ... neither ... pattern is very literary. Thewords resorted and defaced are used in unusual ways. The expression beasts of the forests is preferredto the colloquial animals. The sentence means there was a clear fountain, with water like silver, wherethe shepherds never took their flocks and where mountain goats and forest animals never went. Noteven fallen leaves or branches ever spoiled its beauty.5 Hither came one day the youth fatigued with hunting, heated and thirsty.The word hither is archaic. Note the literary inversion. The sentence means one day the young man,tired after hunting, hot and thirsty, came to the place.6 The nymphs love me, and you yourself look not indifferent upon me.Look not is a usage from before the time of the development of the auxiliary verb do. The prepositionupon sounds strange here. The writer is creating the effect of 16th- / 17th-century English prose. Thesentence means the nymphs love me and you yourself seem to show interest in me.9 Work in pairs and answer the questions.1 Does the story have a hero or heroine? If so, who?Echo is the heroine while Narcissus is the hero.3352 Does the story have any examples of heroic behaviour? If so, what are they?Echo takes a risk to protect her fellow nymphs. She also dies for the love of another, though in a verypassive way.3 Does the story have any examples of ordinary human behaviour? If so, what are they?Helping friends, falling in hopeless love and self-love are all common among humans.4 Which supernatural events does it describe?Divine magical punishments, fading away into a voice, becoming a flower etc.5 Does the story have any emotional effect on the reader? If so, what is it?Yes, I felt angry with Narcissus. He was so selfish and obsessed with himself. He deserved to become aflower!6 Would you have preferred to read a modern version of the story? If so, why?Well, I would have found it easier to follow, but maybe old legends should sound old-fashioned.7 Does the story have any message for a modern reader? If so, what is it?Do not think too much of yourself!Developing critical thinking10 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 Is the behaviour of anyone in the story an example to ordinary people?Narcissus is a negative example – people should be interested in others and not just themselves.2 Do classical myths have any value in today’s society?• They make good stories for children.• They contain a lot of traditional wisdom we should not ignore.3 To what extent do you think myths are culture specific?• C ultures do have different emphasis, but they are also about the basic human needs and emotions somyths from different places may have a lot in common.• I think they are quite culture specific. Of course, there may be some points of common interest aswe are all human and want to know how life began, what the stars are and things like that, but we donot have stories like Adam and Eve and Noah’s Ark or Narcissus and Echo in China. Our myths aredifferent in style.4 Should myths and legends be part of a school curriculum?Yes, they are part of our past and knowledge of them makes us part of the culture.5 Can myths be modernized in the style of urban legends?Well, I don’t think stories about people turning into flowers would interest many people but I guessyou could do something with the theme of self-love leading to a sad fate. It probably depends on theparticular myth.336。
2023年新标准大学英语综合教程3
讲授听力、口语策略
建议学习者多听英语原版音频，包括新闻、电影、纪录片等，有助于习惯和熟悉英语语音和口音。
使用较为简单的英语听力材料进行练习，逐步提高难度，同时可以结合听力训练课程来提高听力技能。
通过记录生词和掌握常见词汇以及常见短语的用法来提高听力能力。
1.
提高口语表达能力
注重发音的训练，可以通过跟读、模仿和多听的方式来提高口语表达的准确性和流畅度。
景需求的能力。
补充内容：
1.
注重阅读与听力理解
教材中涉及的练习和语言材料尤其以阅读和听力为主，旨在提高学习者的语言理解能力，
保障其功能性口语和书面表达的高质量。
2.
强调文化多元性
教材中涉及到的主题和内容大部分涉及到了英语国家的各类文化背景知识，通过学习这些
信息，学习者可以更深入地了解这些国家的文化和习俗，增进跨文化交流的能力。
BIYOO-CHATPPT TEAM
英语口语水平提
高的有效方法
Effective Methods for Improving Oral English Proficiency
分享人：ChatPPT尤小优3636
2023/6/15 星期四
目录
CONTENTS
基础语言技能
提高口语水平
听、说、读、写综合提高
通过刻意练习，熟练掌握英语中各种语法结构和句型，特别是常见的口语表达方式，可以提高口语表达的效果。
通过参与英语口语训练班、与外教、本地英语友人对话等活动，扩大交际范围，并增加英语口语练习的机会。
2.
制定学习计划和目标
合理规划学习时间和计划，制定具体目标，分阶段进行提高，强化坚持性和学习效果。
以提高能力和兴趣为驱动，积极参与极限口语挑战、听力训练、口语比赛等活动，提升学习的自信心和能力。
新标准综合3 教师用书 Unit 3
Art for art’s sake 3Unit 3 Art for art’s sake Teaching suggestions and answer keys Starting point1 Work in pairs. Read the quotations and discuss the questions.1 Can you explain in your own words what each artist is trying to say?I don’t paint things. I only paint the difference between things. Henri Matisse, French painterI think this probably means that Henri Matisse (1869–1954) did not paint things to look realistic. Hedidn’t just try to represents things in art in the way that we normally see them. Rather, he wanted toshow how one thing differed from another. So he was comparing things through art. Matisse used strong, expressive colours, and his paintings have a decorative effect of colour, line and form. His sculptures are unconventional, too.Without music life would be a mistake. Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopherObviously, this means that music is very important for life. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) is known for the way he rejected absolute moral values, as he argued that people were free to create their own values. Of course, people are free to create their own world without music, but that would be a mistake!Poetry is what gets lost in translation. Robert Frost, American poetThis must simply mean that you can’t really translate poetry. You can translate the words, maybe, but the qualities of poetry that really make it poetry get lost when the words are translated. Robert Frost (1874–1963) is known for his accessible and readable poetry, so you might expect to be able to translate his poems easily. But the quotation tells us to think about poetry thoroughly and feel it as more than combinations of words.Art is a kind of illness. Giacomo Puccini, Italian composerLiterally, it means that art is a bad thing, or is unhealthy. But I think it means that art is contagious; it goes from the artist to audience and from person to person like an illness, and you can’t resist it because it may take over your life. Giacomo Puccini (1858–1924) composed operas with a strong gift for melody and dramatic effects in exotic plots. His operas are very “catching” like an illness, so you remember the melodies easily.2 Which quotation do you agree with most?I agree that poetry is what gets lost in translationexercises, but also when we try to speak and write in English. We may lose something, but mainly gain something in another language.66Art for art’s sake Unit 32 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 When did you last go to an art gallery?I saw an exhibition of ceramics on a visit to Shanghai last year.2 What do you remember about it?I remember the traditional Chinese porcelain ware like dishes, plates, and vases for their colours anddesigns. I also remember some modern ceramics which were quite startling. They looked traditional, but the designs were quite innovative.3 When did you last read a novel or a poem?Oh, I am always reading novels. I have just finished several crime mysteries by the Swedish writer Hennig Mankell.4 What did you think of it?I was really impressed because the detective, Wallander, is quite human. He thinks a lot about thepeople around him and struggles with personal health and family problems, yet as a first-class detective he gives a lot to his job. The stories have a strong atmosphere of the landscape of southern Sweden with modern social problems that we can recognize. These are more than just the usual murder mysteries, so it’s not surprising that many films have been made from the novels.5 When did you last go to a concert?Quite recently. Actually, because my young cousin performed in a school concert, so I went along to the performance to give her my support.6 What effect did the music have on you?I came home feeling really happy. The jazz, especially, really helped me to keep my spirits up!7 Which do you think is the greatest form of art? And why?That’s practically an impossible question! OK, let’s think … The greatest art would have the deepest effect on us, so we would remember it and think about it for a long time. Any good work of art can do that, whether it has the form of music, painting, literature, drama or cinema. So I think it’s the individual piece of art, the really outstanding work in itself that has this effect, rather than one form or another. I like film and music because it’s accessible, whereas literature and drama always seem difficult to meof forms.Active reading (1)1 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions.67Unit 3 Art for art’s sake 681 Why do people listen to music?(a) To forget about their everyday problems.(b) To feel emotions which are difficult to put into words.(c) To enjoy the musical experience.(d) For a mixture of all three reasons.2 How do you listen to music?(a) With one ear, as I’m doing something else.(b) In the quiet of my own room so I can concentrate on the sounds.(c) By being aware of the atmosphere it creates.(d) In all three ways, it depends on the music.Catching vabs How we listenBackground informationThis passage is taken from What to Listen for in Music (1957/2002) written by the American composer, Aaron Copland.The writer suggests three separate planes or levels of listening, which are only separated (or split up mechanically) into component parts for the purpose of the analysis. This analytic model is adopted to be clear in a discussion about listening to music. In reality, all three planes go together simultaneously.Culture pointsIgor Stravinsky (1882–1971) was born near St Petersburg in Russia. He later settled in Switzerland, then in France and the US. Between 1910 and 1945 Stravinsky was probably the single strongest influence on Western music. His early ballet music is well-remembered for new sounds based on startling new rhythms and different harmonies (The Firebird, 1910; Petrushka, 1910–1911; The Rite of Spring, 1913; Pulcinella 1919–1920). He then composed in a neo-classical period with intellectual rigour and in a third period of serial music, which basically uses 12 notes in a certain order. Some people say that the pleasure in listening to Stravinsky’s music is intellectual.Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) is recognized as a supreme creative genius in Western music. He worked in different parts of Germany and in his lifetime was known mainly as a hard-working organist, conductor and teacher. But he wrote over 1,000 compositions – orchestral, instrumental and chamber music, much organ and keyboard music, and a great deal of church music for singing, including some of the greatest spiritual music ever written. Bach, with Handel, Vivaldi, Purcell, Scarlatti, and others, wrote in the baroque style of music. Bach said, “Whoever is equally industrious will succeed just as well.”Fugue is a musical style typical of the baroque period and later. It has three or four voices which at first imitate and chase each other in a sequence of subjects and answers, which are elaborated in episodes in three main sections of an exposition, then a middle and final section.The Well-Tempered Clavichord, now usually known as The Well-Tempered Clavier or the 48 Preludes and Fugues, was written by Bach, 1722–1742. Each prelude is a freely-composed work, which explores a particular musical idea without a specified form. In contrast, the fugues follow a stricter musical form, introducing and exploring themes in a particular way. These may have originally been technical exercises butArt for art’s sake Unit 369they remain complex, elegant pieces of music which explore all the major and minor keys of Western music. They opened up a whole world of musical tonality. The title refers to the tuning of keyboard instruments, which was then being standardized. A clavichord was a musical instrument that was similar to a piano, and was used in the 17th century before pianos were developed.Language points1 For lack of a better terminology, one might name these: (1) the sensuous plane, (2) the expressiveplane, (3) the sheerly musical plane. (Para 1)The expression for lack of a better terminology is used to introduce rather inexact terms. It means “sincewe don’t have any exact terms, I’m going to use these rather rough terms”.The word sensuous suggests physical pleasure which relates to your physical senses rather than to youremotions and thoughts.A plane is a level of thought, development or existence.The word sheer is used to emphasize the amount or degree of something. The sheerly musical planerefers to the level of the musical material, melodies, rhythms, harmonies etc. The sheer pleasure (Para 2, Line 2) means great or pure pleasure.2 The only advantage to be gained from mechanically splitting up the listening process into thesehypothetical planes is … (Para 1)The word hypothetical means to be based on situations or events that seem possible rather than on actualones. Here, the planes are not real, they are just part of a model for analysis and discussion.3 One turns on the radio while doing something else and absent-mindedly bathes in the sound. Akind of brainless but attractive state of mind is engendered by the mere sound appeal of the music. (Para 2)To bathe means to swim or wash yourself in a bath, river or lake. To bathe in the sound means to immerseyourself in the sound, like in water.To engender means to cause a feeling or attitude to exist. The expression engendered by the mere soundappeal means to be created only by the appeal or attraction of the sound.4 Music allows them to leave it... dreaming because of and apropos of the music yet never quitelistening to it. (Para 3)The expression apropos ofis silent in pronunciation. 5 Yes, the sound appeal of music is a potent and primitive force, but you must not allow it to usurpa disproportionate share of your interest. The sensuous plane is an important one in music... but it does not constitute the whole story. (Para 4)To usurp means to take a job or position that belongs to someone else without having the right to do this.The sentence you must not allow it to usurp a disproportionate share of your interest means “don’t let it take up a wrong amount of your interest”.The expression it does not constitute the whole story means “there is more to it than this”.6 Here, immediately, we tread on controversial ground. (Para 5)The expression we tread on controversial ground contains a metaphor: These are ideas that some peoplewill probably disagree about or not approve of.Unit 3 Art for art’s sake 7 Composers have a way of shying away from any discussion of music’s expressive side. (Para 5)To shy away from something means to avoid someone or be unwilling to do something because you are nervous, afraid or not confident.8 This intransigent attitude of Stravinsky’s may be due to the fact that ... (Para 5)The word intransigent means refusing to change your ideas or behaviour with no good reason.9 Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one. (Para 6)The word gay here means happy and excited. Another meaning of being attracted to people of the same sex is a more recent one. Gaiety (Para 12, Line 4) is a feeling or state of happiness and fun.10 Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad? (Para 6)The word resignedly means with resignation, accepting that something unpleasant must happen or that you cannot change it.11 After all, an actual musical material is being used. He must hear the melodies, the rhythms, theharmonies, the tone colors in a more conscious fashion. (Para 9)The musical materials refer to the elements of music, usually discussed under the headings of melody (the tune), rhythm (the effects of time or duration of the beats of music, the pulse), harmony (how the notes of music combine with each other in chords or sequences of notes), tone color (how the precise sound of notes can vary), and form (how the music is organized with all the elements and patterns of repetition and variation).12 What we do is to correlate them – listening in all three ways at the same time. (Para 10)If two or more things correlate, they are connected in a way that is not caused by chance. This relationship is a correlation.13 Perhaps an analogy with what happens to us when we visit the theater will make this instinctivecorrelation clearer. (Para 11)An analogy is a comparison between two situations, processes etc, that is intended to show that the two are similar. That the two things are analogous means the same things are true of or relevant to both of them.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Why does the writer divide listening to music into three types of experience?(a) It is important to keep the different types of experience separate.(b) It makes it easier to understand what is happening when we listen to music.(c) It is the traditional way of referring to the experience of listening.(d) Different people listen on different planes, according to the type of person they are.70Art for art’s sake Unit 32 What is the main characteristic of the sensuous plane?(a) It is the sort of feeling we get when listening to music on the radio.(It is not confined to the radio.)(b) It can only be experienced by people who aren’t musicians.(It is only not experienced by non-musicians.)(c) It is a reaction we have which is generated by the sound of the music.(d) It does not give us any real sense of pleasure.(It does give us pleasure.)3 What is the main characteristic of the expressive plane?(a) It can only be experienced by intelligent people.(It is not a matter of intelligence.)(b) It is when we believe the composer is communicating something to us.(c) It is a controversial concept; some composers don’t think it exists.(Although it is controversial, composers don’t say it doesn’t exist.)(d) It is most obviously apparent in the music of Stravinsky.(It is not most obvious in Stravinsky’s music.)4 What is the main characteristic of the musical plane?(a) It can only be experienced by people who have studied to read music.(Although studying music helps, you can experience this plane by careful listening, and you don’tneed to read music.)(b) It is the ability to experience different musical elements.(c) It is the plane that we experience instinctively, without realizing it.(There is no mention of instinct.)(d) It is the easiest of the three planes to appreciate.(It may be the hardest for most listeners to appreciate.)5 How do most people usually listen to music?(a) On only one plane at any given moment.(b) On all three planes at the same time.(c) Without paying enough attention.(d) Without understanding what they are doing.6 Why does the writer end the passage by referring to the theatre?(a) The theatre also offers three types of experience.(b) Composers are like the characters in a play.(c) Theatre is the form of art which is most similar to music.(d) The audience in a theatre are like musicians in an orchestra.3 Match the listener’s activities with the planes they are on.71Unit 3 Art for art’s sake 1 They understand the way the composer is thinking.(c) musical plane(They follow the line of the composer’s thought with the manipulations of notes, melodies, rhythms, and harmonies.)2 They are doing something else at the same time.(a) sensuous plane(They listen absent-mindedly or go into a dream.)3 They recognize different elements in the music.(c) musical plane(They recognize musical elements like melodies, rhythms or harmonies.)4 They just want to escape from everyday reality.(a) sensuous plane(They go to concerts in order to lose themselves.)5 They feel sad or happy because of the music.(b) expressive plane(They feel for themselves the specific expressive quality of a theme.)6 They think the music they are listening to has a meaning.(b) expressive plane(They feel an emotional meaning in the music.)Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make up or form something (constitute)2 happening or done at the same time (simultaneously)3 able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed (qualified)4 a regular pattern of sounds in music that you can show by moving, hitting your hands together, or hittinga drum or other surface (rhythm)5 to receive or obtain something from something else (derive)6 someone who writes music, especially classical music (composer)7 as much as is needed (sufficiently)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Johann Sebastian Bach is possibly the greatest (1) composer the world has ever known. His Well-Tempered Clavichord (2) constitutes one of the most complete works for keyboard ever written. It is(3) simultaneously both a series of technical exercises which explore the possibilities of the keyboard, and 72Art for art’s sake Unit 3a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Although he was a highly (4) qualified musician (as an organist anda choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5) sufficiently “modern” by the generation which followedhim, and he was soon forgotten. But his music was rediscovered in the 19th century, for its perfect sense of (6) rhythm and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky, (7) derived a lot of their musical ideas from him.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 Shh! They’re about to announce the winner of this year’s International Piano Competition. (proclaim)2 It’s quite easy to make a comparison between poetry and music. (analogy)It’s quite easy to make an analogy between poetry and music.3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity. (clarity)4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art? (for the sake of)5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products. (potent)6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit silly. (costumes)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you split something up, do you (a) divide it into parts, or (b) put the parts together?2 If you do something absent-mindedly, are you (a) thinking about what you are doing, or (b) thinkingabout something else?73Unit 3 Art for art’s sake 743 Do you look for consolation(a) after a piece of bad news, or (b) after a piece of good news?4 If you are treading on controversial ground, are you (a) taking a risk, or (b) making everybody happy?5 If you shy away from something, do you (a) keep close to it, or (b) keep your distance from it?6 If you pin something down, are you (a) able to examine it carefully, or (b) unable to examine itcarefully?7 If you know the melody of a piece of music, are you familiar with (a) the tune, or (b) the meaning of themusic?8 Is an instinctive reaction to something (a) automatic, or (b) one which follows a lot of thought?Reading and interpreting8 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions.1 Which is the writer’s main purpose?(a) To show how complex listening to music is.(b) To get people to listen to music more.(c) To discourage some people from listening to music.(d) To get people to think about how they listen to music.2 Who does the writer address as you?(a) Musicians.(b) Theatregoers.(c) Composers.(d) Intelligent music lovers.9 Check (¸) the statements you agree with.√The analysis the writer makes is a fair and accurate one.Yes, I think this is a reasonable analysis of listening to music.He describes the sensuous listener in negative terms.H e does mention some negative aspects of sensuous listening but he says several times that welisten in all three ways, so I don’t think he is actually negative about this way.√He thinks all great music is expressive.He doesn’t actually say this, but this seems to be his point of view.He thinks most listeners are not intelligent enough.N o, he doesn’t say this. He says most listeners are not conscious enough of the third plane, but that doesn’t mean they aren’t intelligent.√He is probably a professional musician.I guess this is true because of his knowledge of Stravinsky and Bach, and his insights into theeffective way of listening to music√He is probably a good teacher.I think so because of his way of explaining the three planes and because of the way he uses theanalogy of the theatre, which non-musician might appreciate.Developing critical thinking10 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 Do you think the passage is only about classical music? Why / Why not?T he way the writer speaks about music, with examples and terms about classical music, makes it seem that the passage is about classical music. But of course the three planes can apply to all sorts of music, and I am sure the writer means that to be the case.2Do you agree that we should work harder at listening to music?I know many people think that listening to music is for relaxation and that it is therefore an easyactivity that you don’t have to think much about. However, in fact I agree that we should work harder at listening, because if you do so you can hear more, appreciate more, and enjoy it much more. So it is worth making the effort.3 Do you agree that a great work of art can have different meanings?Yes, I do. In fact, people in different times do find different meaning in a great work of art.4 How great is the power of music?T he answer may depend on your experience and knowledge of different kinds of music. But in general in my view, music certainly has great power.5 How do you think you listen to music? Which of the musical planes do you relate to the most?I think I have changed in the last few years. At first I was mostly listening on the sensuous plane, thenI was listening more on the expressive plane. Now I understand much more about the sheerly musicalplane, but I do listen using all three planes.Talking pointWork in pairs. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of live and recorded music.Student AThink of arguments in favour of live music. Here are some ideas:•the atmosphere at the concert•the communication between musicians and audience•the quality of live music•the chance to meet peopleThere’s just no comparison between live and recorded music. You can’t beat the atmosphere of a live concert, it’s the way that music is meant to be experienced …Student BThink of arguments in favour of listening to recorded music. Here are some ideas:•the low cost (compared to going to concerts)•the fact that you can listen whenever you want to•the quality of digitally recorded music•the pleasure of listening in the comfort of your own homeThat’s fine if you’ve got lots of money to go to concerts – and the tickets are usually really expensive. For most of us, there’s only one way to get to know and appreciate music, and that’s through recordings …Example:Student A: For me, there’s no comparison between live music and recorded music. Live music is so much better. I mean, there’s the atmosphere among the audience that you can’t capture in a recording on video or on TV. You can’t beat that special feeling of being there.Student B: That’s fine if you’ve got lots of money to travel and buy those expensive tickets to go to live concerts, but the rest of us watch videos or listen to recordings. Because the cost is lower, I can buy several CDs for half the price of a concert ticket. But of course, we can listen to our recordings again and again and the quality of digital recordings is fantastic – you are practically there with the musicians.Student A: Well, maybe, but there isn’t the same communication in a recording as in a live concert. The musicians talk to us in between songs. They dance and tell jokes. It makes it special. Each concert is really a unique even; you are part of a moment in history, not like a recording playing the same old thing over and over again.Student B: But how often can you get to a concert, really? I can listen to recordings at any time at home! And although you feel something special at the time of a live concert, how much do you really remember afterwards? I can remember recordings and if I can’t … well, I can just play them over and over again, can’t I?Student A: Yes, but even with the best recording you just can’t say it’s the same as being there, because it simply isn’t the same! You can’t meet the musicians in a recording but I can meet them at concerts. Look at these special T-shirts, which I got at concerts, all signed by famous performers. You can’t get these with your CDs, can you?Student B: Well, when we’re older, you can sell your old concert posters and signed T-shirts to a museum and I shall still be listening to all my recordings! But you will be welcome to join me because I will be having all these concerts at home with my CDs and videos ... I will even sell you a ticket!Active reading (2)1 Look at the painting and answer the questions.1 How old do you think the girl is?It’s hard to say, but she looks between 14 and 16.2 What is she wearing?She has a heavy coat and she’s wearing a scarf wrapped around her head like a turban. She’s also got a large pearl earring on her left ear.3 How would you describe her expression?She’s looking at us with large eyes in an open and direct way, and her mouth is slightly open. She looksa bit innocent, nervous and surprised, as if she is about to say something. Her expression could beinterpreted as longing or inquiring; probably she wants something very much but we don’t know what it is.4 Is she beautiful?I would say that she is pretty but not beautiful. However, there is something about her looks andexpression which is attractive. Maybe she has a strong, interesting character but we can’t be sure.5 What is the focus of the painting?Our eyes are drawn to the earring. It’s not in the centre of the painting and it shines a bit in the dark. But it is inside a frame of light colours made by the diagonal lines of her eyes, her nose, her mouth and the vertical yellow scarf and nearly horizontal white collar.2 Look at the title of the passage. What do you think the mystery is?1 The identity of the girl.Yes, this must be part of the mystery.2 What she is thinking.Yes, because she is clearly thinking and is about to say something, but we don’t know what it is.3 The significance of the pearl.Yes, because the pearl does not look as if it belongs to her. She wouldn’t normally wear such earrings, I think.4 What the painter wanted to express.I’m not sure. Maybe he wanted to express ambiguity.5 All of these things.Yes, the painting has at least all of these mysteries.The mystery of Girl with a Pearl EarringBackground informationJohannes Vermeer(1632–1675), is one of the great painters of the Dutch Golden Age (the 17th century) when Holland became a world centre for trade, science, and art. Other world-famous Dutch baroque painters of this period include Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669), known for his portraits and paintings of Bible scenes, the landscape painter, Jacob van Ruisdael (1628–1682), the portrait painter, Frans Hals (1581–1666) and Jan Steen (1626–1679), known for his paintings of scenes. Vermeer probably had a patron who bought the paintings he produced and he himself was an art dealer and appraiser of paintings. But when he died he left his wife and 11 children with large debts. Between 1653 and 1675, he painted, slowly and with great care. Only a few paintings, between 34 and 36, can be attributed to him with certainty and most of these are world-famous. People tried to pass off other paintings as his or to forge paintings when his work became valuable later. His work is known for its great balance and simplicity of design, its masterly use of light and colour harmonies, particularly the use of blues and yellows.In the Girl with a Pearl Earring, the unknown girl is turning her head to look over her shoulder at the viewer of the painting. So this seems to draw us into the painting as if we have just made her look round. She seems to expect something or be about to say something, but we have no idea what it is. Dutch girls at that time did not generally wear turbans, so this painting is thought to be a study to represent a Turkish or exotic oriental type of head. The turban has typical Vermeer highlights and the pearl as the focus of the painting apparently has only two brushstrokes to show the reflected light.。
新标准大学英语综合教程3 (3)
新标准大学英语综合教程3一、教材简介《新标准大学英语综合教程3》是一本适用于大学英语教育的综合教材。
该教材主要针对学习者在进阶阶段，旨在提升学生英语综合运用的能力。
本教材分为四个模块，分别为听说模块、阅读模块、写作模块和翻译模块。
每个模块以其独特的学习目标和教学方法，帮助学生全面提升英语能力。
二、教材特点1. 系统化的学习内容该教材所包含的内容十分系统化，涵盖了英语听、说、读、写和翻译等多个方面的技能。
每个模块都精心设计，通过一系列的学习活动和练习，帮助学生逐步激发和培养英语学习的兴趣，提升英语的各项能力。
2. 多样化的任务设置在每个模块中，教材针对不同的语言技能，设置了各种多样化的任务。
这些任务可以帮助学生积极参与，提高他们的学习动力和学习效果。
通过与同学的小组合作、角色扮演、讨论以及实际情境的模拟等形式的任务，学生可以在实践中巩固所学知识，提高语言运用的能力。
3. 基于真实语言环境的教学为了使学生更好地适应实际语言环境，教材在设计上充分考虑学生的实际需求。
教材中的对话、文章和练习都以真实的语言环境为基础，使学生在学习过程中更好地理解和掌握英语的实际应用。
4. 充实的语言知识点教材中不仅包含大量的语言技能训练，还注重语言知识的灵活运用。
通过生动的例子和实际的语言材料，教材帮助学生掌握重要的语法知识、词汇和短语，提高他们的语言表达能力和理解能力。
三、教学模块介绍1. 听说模块听说模块是该教材的第一个模块，主要意在提高学生的听力和口语交流能力。
在这个模块中，教材中提供了丰富的听力材料，通过听取短对话、长对话和文章，学生可以提高他们的听力理解能力，并且参与各种口语活动，如问答、讨论和演讲等，以提高他们的口语表达能力。
2. 阅读模块阅读模块是教材的第二个模块，旨在提高学生的阅读理解能力。
通过阅读各种不同类型的文章，学生可以从中获取有关课文内容的信息，并通过阅读理解题来巩固对文章的理解。
同时，教材中还设置了一些扩展阅读材料，以帮助学生提高阅读能力，拓宽他们的知识面。
新标准大学英语综合教程3大意总结
新标准大学英语综合教程3大意总结第一篇：新标准大学英语综合教程3大意总结Summery: 1.1本篇课文的作者是一位即将毕业的大学生。
他准备毕业后旅游当作家，但是担心父亲不接受他的选择。
父亲带他出去捉螃蟹，并让他观察笼子里螃蟹的举动。
这次经历使他认识到，makes him aware that 一个人趁着年轻应该走自己的路。
原来it turns out that 父亲是同意他对未来的选择的。
The writer of the text is to graduate from college.He wishes to travel and write, but feels worried that his father might resist his idea.His father takes him to catch crabs and tells him to watch the interesting behavior of some crabs.The experience makes him aware that one should discover himself and then follow his own path.It turns out that his father supports his plan about the future.1.2 本篇课文使我们认识到一个人的生命是短促的，没有人能够逃脱死亡。
但是我们应该尽力strive to使自己的一生富有意义，丰富多彩。
千万不要把今天该做的事情推迟put off到明天，没有明天，明天就是今天的翻版version。
如果一事无成achieve nothing，生命终结时就会感到无限infinite regret的后悔。
The text tells us that one’s life is short and nobody can escape death.However, we are in a position to strive to make our life meaningful and colorful.Putting off what should be done today till tomorrow is a big mistake, for there is no tomorrow and what is called tomorrow is only a version of today.If one achieves nothing, he will feel infinite regrets at the end of his life.2.1 本片课文是关于/deal with/is concerned with/revolves around/一位女性的童年回忆。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后答案
Unit 17 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。
有的人认为对未来应该有一个明确的目标和详细的计划，为日后可能遇到的挑战做好充分的准备；有的人则认为不用过多考虑未来，因为未来难以预料。
(map out; brace oneself for; uncertainty)Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university.Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for anychallenges, whereas some others think they don’t have to think much about the future, because future isfull of uncertainties.2 经过仔细检查，这位科学家得知自己患了绝症。
虽然知道自己将不久于人世，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是准备好好利用剩下的日子，争取加速推进由他和同事们共同发起的那个研究项目，以提前结项。
(tick away; make the best of; have a shot at)After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease. Although he knew thathis life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best ofthe remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated, and have a shot atcompleting it ahead of schedule.Unit 2Reading and understanding3 Answer the questions.1 What were Sylvia Plath’s most important memories?She remembered winning a prize, Paula Brown’s new suit and the view from her window.2 Where did she live and what could she see from her bedroom window?She lived on the bay side of town, on Johnson Avenue, and she could see the lights of Boston and LoganAirport from her bedroom window.3 What did the view make her want to do?It made her want to fly in her dreams.4 Why did she have such vivid dreams?Because she was rarely tired when she went to bed.5 Who appeared in her dreams?Superman appeared and taught her to fly.6 Why did she enjoy the radio adventures of Superman?Because she loved the sheer poetry of flight.7 Where did her friend and she play Superman?At the dingy back entrance to the school, an alcove in a long passageway.Unit 2 Childhood memories468 Why do you think they chose Sheldon to be the villain?Because he was a mamma’s boy and was left out of the other boys’ games.9 How did she feel about her Uncle Frank?She admired him as she thought he bore an extraodinary resemblance to Superman incognito.4 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Sylvia Plath wrote about her real and imaginary life as a child.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 accurate and true (definite)2 continuing all the time (perpetual)3 to spin quickly in circles (whirl)4 to shine very brightly (blaze)5 to laugh in a nervous, excited or silly way that is difficult to control (giggle)6 to encourage someone to speak or continue speaking (prompt)7 to fall to the ground (tumble)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.Plath never needed to be (1) prompted to talk about her childhood memories. They were very (2) definiteand still real to her as an adult. She imagined she could fly and (3) whirl through the air like Superman.Coming from the highways around Boston was the (4) perpetual sound of traffic. In the distance a planewas taking off, its lights (5) blazing into the night sky. She remembered the sound of (6) giggling whichcame from the group of girls. Sadly in her later life it seemed as if Superman had (7) tumbled to earth.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 The lights at the airport went on and off all day and night. (blinked)2 The playground was like a desert. It was without any interesting or positive features and unfriendly.(barren)3 The boys were playing a children’s game in whi ch the players chase and try to touch each other and thegirls were gossiping and giggling. (tag)4 Pulling the legs off insects is a form of action causing extreme physical pain by someone as apunishment, and is extremely cruel. (torture)5 The similarity in appearance between the twins was striking. (resemblance)6 He would cover candy with a piece of cloth used for cleaning lips and hands, and make it disappear.(napkin)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you look through a kaleidoscope, are you likely to see (a) changing coloured patterns, or(b) a singlecoloured pattern?2 If you flaunt something, do you (a) deliberately try to make people notice, or (b) try to hide it?3 If you marvel at something, do you find it (a) boring, or (b) surprising and fascinating? Childhood memories Unit 2474 Are shooting stars likely to (a) move brightly through the night sky, or (b) stand still?5 Is the twilight likely to be (a) at the end of, or (b) in the middle of the day?6 If you drift off to sleep, are you likely to fall asleep (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?7 If someone is bookish, are they likely to be (a) more, or (b) less interested in reading books than doingother activities?8 If you make up something, do you (a) invent it, or (b) borrow it from someone else?9 If you come into your own, are you likely to show (a) how effective and useful, or (b) ineffective anduseless you can be?10 Is a villain likely to be a (a) good, or (b) bad person?11 If you are left out of something, are you likely to be (a) included, or (b) excluded? Active reading (2)Language points1 These changing ideas about children have led many social scientists to claim that childhood is a“social construction”. (Para 4)A social construction refers to the process or result of creating an idea or system of behaviour in socialcontexts, ie it is created and developed between people and is not something natural or genetic.Childhood memories Unit 2532 Social anthropologists have shown this in their studies of peoples ... (Para 5)Social anthropologists are scholars and researchers who study human societies, customs and beliefsfrom a social perspective, which may be distinct from the focus of physical anthropologists or linguisticanthropologists.3 Because they can’t be reasoned with, and don’t understand, parents treat them with a great deal oftolerance and leniency. (Para 5)Tolerance is the attitude of someone who is willing to accept other people’s beliefs or way of life withoutcriticizing them even if they disagree with them. The word leniency means giving a punishment or actingin a way that is not as severe or harsh as it could be.4 They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults because they lack the highly prized qualityof social competence … (Para 6)Something is prized if it is considered to be very important or valuable. The examples in the passageemphasize how different cultural communities may give importance to quite different qualities which theyexpect from children, so the children are brought up very differently.5 They are regularly told off for being clumsy and a child who falls over may be laughed at, shoutedat, or beaten. (Para 6)To tell someone off means to criticize someone angrily for doing something wrong. If you are told off fordoing something in a serious or official way, you are reprimanded.6 Looking at it from a cross-cultural perspective shows the wide variety of childhoods that exist acrossthe world … (Para 11)A cross-cultural perspective is a view which considers different cultures separately or independently andthen makes comparisons. An intercultural perspective would look at the relations and interactions betweendifferent cultures or communities, taking inside views of each culture into account. A transculturalperspective would look at different cultures using knowledge, skills and insights which are thought toapply to a wide range of cultural contexts and which would help people in intercultural contexts.Reading and understanding3 Read the passage again and complete the table.Teaching tips• When Ss have completed the table on their own, divide the class into seven groups, each groupbeing responsible for one row in the table. They have to summarize the characteristics of childhoodof this ethnic group, and also include an example. Then they report to the class. Each group shouldalso add related information they learned from the passage, and the language and culture notes. Thepresentation of each group could be given from that exact roles of parents from that exact cultural orethnic group. If this is difficult, T may give each group a copy of the example below, and ask them topractise and present it to the class.• As a way to follow this up, T can ask each group, one by one, to compare their result with that ofanother group, without looking at their books. An alternative follow-up is for the T, together withone or two Ss, to take the roles of TV reporters who meet each group and ask them “on camera” tocompare themselves with another group, and talk about how they understand the other group from across-cultural perspective.Unit 2 Childhood memories544 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The characteristics of childhood a hundred years ago (d) .(a) would have interfered in their education(b) are similar to those of today(c) would be illegal today(d) meant that children were treated more like adults2 The idea that childhood is a social construction suggests that (a) .(a) children experience childhood in different ways according to the society in which they live(b) enormous transformations have taken place within a relatively short time(c) children in the past worked harder(d) all children are different from adults3 Both Inuit and Tongan parents understand that (b) .(a) their children need to be treated in a way which would be considered harsh by outsiders(b) their children don’t yet possess certain prized qualities, such as reasoning and social competence(c) growing up is a process of acquiring thought, not social skills(d) bringing up their children requires tolerance and discipline4 Parents of Beng children treat them with great care because they (d) .(a) think children know all human languages and understand all cultures(b) think life in the earthly world is unpleasant(c) believe the children still live in a spirit world(d) fear the children may choose to return to the spirit world where they lived before they were born5 Western childcare practices (c) .(a) include allowing eight-year-old girls to work and 12-year-old girls to marry(b) treat the child in a bizarre and possibly harmful way(c) see the child as being incompetent, dependent on the parents, and incapable of looking after other children(d) are only similar to Yanamamö childcare practices in that girls help out at home, and boys are allowedto play well into their teens6 The main idea of the passage is that (c) .(a) history shows us how our perception of childhood has changed(b) childhood is viewed in different ways according to the child’s cultural and social upbringing(c) both history and society can affect our perception of childhood(d) Western notions of childhood are outdated and not informed(continued)Unit 2 Childhood memories56Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Read the passage again and find the words in the box. Choose the best definition in the context of thepassage.1 consumption(a) the process of buying or using goods(b) the process of eating, drinking, or smoking something2 colonial(a) relating to a system or period in which one country rules another(b) made in a style that was common in North America in the 18th century3 knit(a) to make something such as a piece of clothing using wool and sticks called knitting needles(b) to join together or work together as one group or unit4 harsh(a) unpleasant and difficult to live in(b) strict, unkind, and often unfair5 contact(a) communication between people, countries, or organizations either by talking or writing(b) a situation in which people or things touch each other6 impose(a) to force someone to have the same opinion, belief as you(b) to cause extra work for someone by asking them to do something that may not be convenient for them7 perspective(a) a way of thinking about something(b) a sensible way of judging how good, bad, important etc something is in comparison with other things6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.Our (1) knowledge and understanding of childhood is undergoing a process of (2) nonstop change. Inthe West we see children as being (3) in need of adult control. However, among other (4) socio-culturalgroups with similar traditions children are (5) mainly considered to be capable of assuming greaterresponsibilities. So there is a (6) strong desire for (7) someone who does not belong to this group tothink that such practices might be odd or even harmful. But while most ethnic groups may at first show(8) hesitation about integrating other traditions and customs with their own, (9) outside pressures usuallymake them change their traditional view of childhood.Key: (1) notion (2) continual (3) dependent on (4) ethnic (5) largely(6) temptation (7) an outsider (8) reluctance (9) external7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Is prosecution likely to be (a) the act of accusing someone of a crime, or (b) the process of supervisionby the social services?Childhood memories Unit 2572 Is intricate likely to be (a) very basic, or (b) very detailed in design?3 Is leniency likely to involve (a) kindness and understanding, or (b) strict discipline?4 If someone tells you off, are they (a) criticizing, or (b) praising you?5 Is a mischievous child likely to (a) be well behaved, or (b) enjoy having fun by causing trouble?6 If a child is wilful, are they likely to cause damage or harm (a) deliberately, or (b) by mistake?7 When a child is unsupervised, are they likely to be (a) looked after by adults, or (b) without an adultlooking after them?8 Is something bizarre likely to be (a) strange and difficult to explain, or (b) very usual? Language in useunpacking complex sentences1 Look at the sentences from the passage Superman and answer the questions.1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a suddenshock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on thejust in time.(a) What were believable?Her dreams about flying were believable.(b) How real were they?They were very real.Unit 2 Childhood memories60(c) Who had the sense of having tumbled like Icarus?The writer, Sylvia Plath.(d) Why would she wake up with a breathless sense?Because she felt she was really flying.(e) What did the breathless sense feel like?It felt like a sudden shock.(f) Why did she catch herself on the soft bed just in time?Because she felt she was falling.2 We even found a stand-in for a villain in Sheldon Fein, the sallow mamma’s boy on our block who wasleft out of the boys’ games because he cried whenever anybody tagged him and always managed to falldown and skin his fat knees.(a) What did we find?We found someone who could be a villain.(b) Who was the stand-in for a villain?Sheldon Fein.(c) What was he like?He was sallow and a mamma’s boy.(d) Where did he come from?He came from their block.(e) Why was he left out of the boys’ games?Because he always cried and fell over.(f) What happened when he always managed to fall down?He skinned his knees.2 Rewrite the sentence from the passage Cultural childhoods in a diagram below.He has written how a Yanamamö girl is expected to help her mother from a young age and by the age often will be running a house.3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.1 The Australian bush fires blazed for several days before they were brought under control.2 As a child Ruth’s long dark hair tumbled down her back.3 He comes from a very close-knit / tight-knit family with three brothers and two sisters.4 I remember my father used to knit his brows / eyebrows together when he was thinking hardsomething.5 It was extremely hot and the sun was blazing.Hehaswrittenhow aYanomamö girlfrom a youngage andwill be runninga houseis expected to helpher motherby the age of tenChildhood memories Unit 2616 Did you knit that jumper / hat yourself? It’s really beautiful!7 I’m watching the financial markets – I think the prices of stocks will tumble quite soon.4 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a suddenshock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the softbed just in time. These nightly adventures in space began when Superman started invadingmydreams and teaching me how to fly. He used to come roaring by in his shining blue suit with his capewhistling in the wind, looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with mother andme. In the magic whirling of his cape I could hear the wings of a hundred seagulls, the motors of athousand planes.我的飞行梦像达利的风景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊吓中醒来，好似伊卡罗斯那样从空中摔下来，虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但也被吓得喘不过气来。
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后答案
新标准大学英语综合教程3课后答案课后答案如下：Unit 1: Personal InformationPart I: Listening Comprehension1. Telephoned the 24-hour service.2. Her phone number.3. This weekend.4. She's going to the movies with Liz this Saturday evening.5. Going to the concert on Sunday.Part II: Listening Comprehension1. Computer science.2. 10.3. Modern history.4. Wednesday morning.5. Next Thursday.Part III: Listening Comprehension1. C. Leave it on the desk.2. A. Read newspapers whenever they have time.3. D. A supervisor.4. C. Speak in English as much as possible.5. B. They shouldn't sit too close to the TV.Part IV: Listening Comprehension1. B. The girl is afraid of taking the bus.2. C. The girl has a lot of things to do.3. B. The girl will study art at college.4. C. The girl can't find her way to the station.5. A. The girl wants to buy a gift for her friend.Unit 2: EducationPart I: Listening Comprehension1. Become good at communicating with others.2. 30.3. A university.4. She wants to study in the US.5. The Chinese education system.Part II: Listening Comprehension1. Biology.2. 10.3. It's quite challenging.4. Thursday afternoon.5. An online course.Part III: Listening Comprehension1. A. Selecting a major.2. B. They are more likely to get a better job.3. C. Get more sleep.4. D. Try a variety of methods until they find what works best for them.5. B. Losing sleep affects memory.Part IV: Listening Comprehension1. B. He doesn't like his current course.2. B. She doesn't understand the lecture.3. A. The man was absent from class.4. C. They'll go to the library together.5. B. They'll go to the professor's office.Unit 3: Health and FitnessPart I: Listening Comprehension1. Fitness.2. Twice a week.3. Yoga and swimming.4. Characteristics.5. Positive and energetic.Part II: Listening Comprehension1. Psychology.2. 20.3. Jogging and cycling.4. A regular sleeping pattern.5. Fridays.Part III: Listening Comprehension1. A. Doing regular exercise is good for people's health.2. D. Doing regular exercise can improve mental health.3. B. Doing regular exercise can help people relax.4. C. Doing regular exercise can improve sleep quality.5. A. Doing regular exercise can improve concentration. Part IV: Listening Comprehension1. C. She doesn't have time to exercise.2. A. She prefers swimming.3. B. She likes swimming in the morning.4. C. She'll be going to the library.5. A. She needs to prepare for a test.以上为新标准大学英语综合教程3课后答案。
新标准大学英语-综合教程3答案-完整版
Unit 1Active reading (1)Catching crabsLanguage points1 … and we all started to get our heads down … (Para 1)To get one’s head down means to concentrate and focus on studying. In other British informal contexts,it can mean to sleep. Note also, to kee p one’s head down means to continue to do something quietly,especially when there is trouble happening around you.Unit 1 Discovering yourself2 Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. (Para 1)This is a conversational elliptical sentence. A standard way of saying this is: The most important things,of course, were the final exams in April and May in the following year.3 No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hardwas strong. (Para 1)Peer group pressure is the pressure to conform that people, especially children and young people, oftenfeel from the immediate group of those around them who are of the same age or status.4 Libraries ... were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bagsunder their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. (Para 1)The expression standing room only means there are no more seats available because the place is crowded.This expression is often used in public performances, for sports events and on public transport to meanthat you have to stand because the place is packed with people. Bags under their eyes refer to loose dark areas of skin that you get when you have not had enough sleep.The expression guys wore the bags under their eyes with pride means that the students were proud thattheir tired appearance showed how hard they had been studying, and the bags under their eyes were likemedals.5 It wasn’t always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. (Para 2)A high flyer refers to someone who has achieved a lot and has the ability and determination to continue tobe successful in their studies or job. In university, a high flyer is a top student.6 Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mappedout. (Para 2)To have something mapped out means to have something that will happen planned in detail.7 One had landed a job in his brother’s advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a scriptunder provisional acceptance in Hollywood. (Para 2)To land a job means to get a job that you wanted. Provisional acceptance refers to an acceptance which is arranged (in principle), but is not yet definite. Itis temporary and could be changed.8 The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. (Para 2)A party activist is someone who takes part in activities that are intended to achieve political change,someone who is a member of a political organization.9 We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. (Para 2)To end up somewhere means to be in a particular place or state after doing something or because of it.Here, a party activist might end up in Congress, as a result of making career progress.10 But most people were either looking to continue their studies … and then settle down with a family,a mortgage and some hope of promotion. (Para 2)To look to continue their studies here means to hope or expect to continue their studies – whether theycan do so would probably depend on their exam results and grades. You can also look to someone forhelp, advice or support.Discovering yourself Unit 1A mortgage is a legal agreement in which you borrow money from a bank or financial organization inorder to buy a house. You pay back your mortgage by making monthly payments, plus interest. Thus,getting a mortgage for many young people means getting a flat or house of their own.11 I braced myself for some resistance to the idea. (Para 10)A brace is a piece of wood or metal which supports an object so that it does not fall down. So tobraceoneself means to hold oneself together in readiness for something difficult or unpleasant.12 You don’t need to go into a career which pays well just at the moment. (Para 16)To go into a career means to start working in a particular job, business or career.13 Several times the crab tried to defy his fellow captives, without luck. (Para 25)The crab tried to defy the others as it resisted others or refused to obey them when it tried to escape.The expression without luck means without success, being unable to do what you want.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of what happened in the crab cage.3 The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape, but each time it reached the top the othercrabs pulled it back. In the end it gave up trying and started to prevent other crabs from escaping.4 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What happened to the students in the fall of the final year?(a) They became more relaxed.(b) They became more serious.(c) They spent more time outside.(d) They stopped going to lessons.2 Why did some people have bags under their eyes in the morning?(a) They’d been to an all-night party.(b) They’d started worrying about their future.(c) They’d spent all night in the library.(d) They wanted to impress their teachers.3 Which students had already planned their future?(a) The ones who had the best grades.(b) The ones who came from wealthy families.(c) The quieter ones who didn’t have the best grades.(d) The ones who wanted to get married and start a family.4 Why did the writer go home?(a) He wanted to speak to his father.(b) He could study better at home than at college.(c) He had to attend a job interview.(d) It was a national holiday.Unit 1 Discovering yourself5 Why did his father take him out to catch crabs?(a) They needed to get something to eat for dinner.(b) He wanted to show him how to catch crabs.(c) He wanted to tell him something about life.(d) They both wanted to enjoy the coastline and the sea.6 What advice did his father give him?(a) Get to know yourself better.(b) Watch what others do carefully.(c) Always listen to your father.(d) You can’t always do what you want.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1) attendance on a screenwritingcourse will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ambitious – the film businessis very competitive. You have to be prepared to work hard and be very (3) productive because it takesmore than just one good idea to make it big. No matter how (4) impressive your idea is, there willalways be (5) resistance from producers because it’s too expensive. So make sure you have plenty ofothers to show them. What are you waiting for? Get on with writing that brilliant (6) script and plan your(7) acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar!7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 We’ve seen a place we like and we’re applying for a loan to buy a house. (mortgage)2 We stood on the top floor of the boat and watched the coast disappear into the horizon. (deck)3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking,and the white water hitting the shore. (surf)4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go against the forcesof nature every time they go to work. (coastal; defy)5 Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you watch an impromptu performance of something, has it(a) been prepared, or (b) not beenprepared?2 When you map out your future, do you (a) plan it carefully, or (b) draw a sketch of it on paper?Discovering yourself Unit 13 If you brace yourself for something unpleasant, do you (a) try not to think about it, or (b) prepareyourself for it mentally and physically?4 Do you moor a boat by (a) turning the steering wheel, or (b) tying it to a post with a rope?5 Is a rusty piece of metal something that (a) is bright and shiny, or (b) might have been left out in the rainand is covered with brown substance?6 If a bowl is brimming with soup, is it (a) very full, or (b) half empty?7 If someone is being held captive, are they (a) free to do as they please, or (b) being kept as a prisoner?8 If you have figured out something, have you (a) added numbers together, or (b) understood it?Active reading (2)2 Work in pairs. Look at the title of the passage and choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The passage will be (c) .(a) a newspaper article about life expectancy(b) a sad story about death(c) advice about how to make the most of your life(d) a warning that modern lifestyles are bad for healthUnit 1 Discovering yourself122 The passage is likely to be (d) .(a) serious(b) funny(c) depressing(d) a mixture of all three3 The passage is likely to say (b) .(a) young people don’t think enough about death(b) life is short(c) people are dying unnecessarily(d) people don’t enjoy life enoughWe are all dyingBackground informationThe passage is taken from Everything That Happens to Me Is Good, a book of thoughts, experiences andinsights from the life of Geoff Thompson. The writer worked in many different jobs, including nine yearsas a “bouncer” in a nightclub in London (a bouncer has the tough job of making sure that no one causestrouble, eg if they are rude, drunk or violent). He then trained full-time in karate, judo and other martial artsand became well-known as a martial arts instructor. He lived out his dream to become a writer, authoringover 30 books on self-defence and self-improvement and has recently been making films and writing for thescreen. Asked what he had learnt from his years in martial arts, he said, “The main thing I’ve learned is thatwherever there is discomfort there is growth, but what people do is to look for growth in areas of comfort –and there’s no growth in comfort. So look for areas of growththat are uncomfortable but allow you to grow,and learn to become comfortabl e in those areas.”Language points1 I have some good news and some bad news for you (as the joke goes). The bad news –and I’m verysorry to be the bearer –is that we are all dying. It’s true. I’ve checked it out. (Para 1)Good news and bad news are often paired together in jokes and in comments on new information or recentevents where there is a mixture of positive and negative aspects, eg The good news is … But the badnews is …To check something out means to examine something or someone in order to be certain that everything iscorrect, true, satisfactory or acceptable. Check this out! is an attention-getting exclamation which meanshere’s something interesting to have a look at.2 … we are all going to be either coffin dwellers or trampled ash in the rose garden of some localcemetery. (Para 1)Coffin is a long box in which a dead person is buried. The expression coffin dweller is a humorous way torefer to dead people.The expression trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery refers jokingly to the ashes of adead person placed in a cemetery garden where people walk on the buried ashes.Discovering yourself Unit 1133 After all, we never quite know when the hooded,scythe-carrying, bringer-of-the-last-breath mightcome-a-calling. (Para 1)The expression the hooded, scythe-carrying,bringer-of-the-last breath refers to the reaper, a person who reaps or cuts corn for the harvest and is a symbol of death from medieval times of the West. A reaper ispersonified as a tall figure dressed in a black cloak with a hood covering his face and carrying a scythe,a cutting tool with a long curved metal blade used for cutting, or reaping long grass or corn. The reaperbrings death or brings your last breath. The expression when the reaper arrives means when death comesto you.4 … and nothing underlines the uncertainty and absolutefrailty of humanity like the untimely exit ofa friend. (Para 1)The word exit here means leaving this world or death. The word untimely means happening at a time thatis not suitable because it causes problems. An untimely death is too soon or when a person is young.5 Knowing that we are all budding crypt-kickers takes away all the uncertainty of life. (Para 3)That we are all budding crypt-kickers is a humorous way of saying that we are all potentially soon to beburied, ie dead.6 The prologue and epilogue are already typed in. All that’s left is the middle bit ... choose the meat ofthe story. (Para 3)A prologue is a piece of writing at the start of a book, or the beginning of a play, film or TV programmethat introduces a story. An epilogue is at the end of a novel, play or piece of writing, which carries an extracomment or extra information about what happens after the main story. Here, the writer’s point is that theprologue (birth) and epilogue (end, death) of your life are already written, but we all choose to write themiddle bit –the meat of the story.7 So, all those plans that you have on the back burner, you know, the great things you’re going to dowith your life “when the time is right”? (Para 4)A back burner is literally one of the back parts of a cooker which is used for heating or cooking food.Metaphorically, if you put something on the back burner, it means you have decided not to do it untillater. It is at the back of the cooker, just simmering or cooking slowly, so you don’t give it priority becauseit doesn’t need your full attention. The expression this back-burner stuff (Para 10) thus refers to thingswhich have low priority and get little attention.8 There’s only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. (Para 5)A promissory note is a document giving details of your promise to pay someone a particular amount ofmoney by a particular date. The writer means that tomorrow, or the future, is like a promissory note forwhich you never get the cash, because the future never comes unless you act now and use time wisely, asif tomorrow is today.9 … but regret and a rear-view mirror full of “could haves”, “should haves” and “would haves”. (Para 5)A rear-view mirror is a mirror fixed to the front window of a car that lets the driver see what is happeningbehind. Here, the mirror refers to the past, which is behind us. We don’t want such a mirror full of regretsabout things we could / should / would have done, but did not do.Unit 1 Discovering yourself1410 I love watching people ingeniously stack the cucumber around the side of the bowl –like they’refilling a skip – and then cramming it so high that they have to hire a forklift truck to get it back tothe table … They just know that they only have one shot at it. (Para 6)A skip is a large metal container used in the building industry for waste; it is carried away by a truckwhen it is full.A forklift truck is a vehicle that uses two long metal bars at the front for lifting and moving heavy objects.The writer is using the images of a skip and a truck to emphasizehow people use the opportunity to servethemselves, because they only have one shot – they only have one chance or attempt, they can’t return formore salad in this type of buffet, so they make the most of this opportunity.11 So what I’m thinking is (and this is not molecular science) … (Para 10)It means this is not specialized knowledge. It’s not rocket science; it’s simple and straightforward.12 The right time is the cheque that’s permanently in the post, it never arrives. (Para 10)That the cheque is in the post means money has been sent, its on its way. This is often said as an excusefor late payment, so if the cheque’s permanently in the post, it means the money never comes.13 It’s the girl who keeps us standing at the corner of the Co-op looking like a spanner … She’s stoodus up. (Para 10)The expression looking like a spanner on the street corner means he looks awkward and out of place,waiting for a girl who is late and never arrives.To stand someone up means not to come to meet them when you have arranged to meet them, especiallysomeone with whom you are having or starting a romantic relationship. The word us is an informal andpersonal way to include others who will recognize that this isa typical experience.14 Act now or your time will elapse and you’ll end up as a sepia-coloured relative that no one can puta name to in a dusty photo album. (Para 13)The expression you’ll end up as a sepia-coloured relative means that in the end you will be only anold half-forgotten photograph in a photo album. I can’t put a name to someone is said when you halfrecognizea person but you can’t quite remember his name.15 Better to leave a biography as thick as a whale omelette than an epitaph. (Para 14)An omelette is flat round food made by mixing eggs together and cooking them. The expression as thickas a whale means extremely thick. The writer means it is better to leave a very large biography than anepitaph, or, in other words, live a full life which is worth writing about.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Life is short. So there’s no point in planning for a future which may never come. Now is the time to dowhat we want to do. There’s no time to lose.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery) Discovering yourself Unit 1153 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography)5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)8 to pass (elapse)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 About two hours elapsed before we reached the cemetery where the war dead were buried.2 I sat in the rear seat behind the driver. My three sisters were all crammed in the front.3 The entrance to the car park was blocked, so the road was full of cars which had been triple-parked oneagainst another, making it almost impossible to get past.4 We have a number of budding authors in our class this year, one of whom has written a fascinatingbiography of his grandmother.5 The time we have on this earth may be finite, but there are no limits to the human imagination.6 Answer the questions about the words.1 If you substantiate a claim, do you (a) prove it is true, or(b) persuade someone that it is true?2 If someone tramples over something, do they (a) pour water over it, or (b) walk all over it?3 If someone’s arrival is untimely, is it (a) at the wrong moment, or (b) late?4 If events are described chronologically, do they occur (a) in the order in which they happened, or (b) inno particular order?5 Is ingeniously likely to mean (a) artistically, or (b) cleverly?6 Is knackered an informal British word meaning (a) very relaxed, or (b) extremely tired?7 Is patently likely to mean (a) obviously, or (b) usually?8 When something is allotted to you, is it (a) given to you, or (b) taken from you?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 If you check something out, do you (a) find out, or (b) not think about it?2 If you see something from the sidelines, do you (a) take part in the action, or (b) stay away from it?3 If something is down to you, is it your (a) bad luck, or (b) responsibility?4 If you have something on the back burner, (a) will you look at it later, or (b) are you interested in itnow?5 If you are in a position to do something, are you (a) able, or (b) unable to do it?6 If time is ticking away, does it seem (a) as if it will last forever, or (b) to be passing quickly?7 If you can have one shot at something, (a) are you allowed to shoot it, or (b) do you have only onechance to do it?8 If you make the best of something, do you (a) enjoy it while you can, or (b) work hard to make it asuccess?9 If a girl stands you up, does she (a) fail to turn up for a date, or (b) refuse to sit down when you askher to?Language in useword formation: compound words1 Find more examples of each use of hyphens in the passage We are all dying .• I’ve double- and triple-checked it. (compound verb)• budding crypt-kickers (compound noun)• a rear-view mirror (compound adjective)• the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain (compound adjective)• back-burner stuff (compound adjective)• standing at the corner of the Co-op (compound noun)• a sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to (compound adjective)2 Rewrite the phrases using compound adjectives.1 a party which is held late at night (a late-night party)2 a library which is well stocked (a well-stocked library)3 a professor who is world famous (a world-famous professor)4 some advice which is well timed (some well-timed advice)5 a population which is growing rapidly (a rapidly-growing population)6 an economy which is based on free market (a free-market economy)7 a boat trip which lasts for half an hour (a half-hour boat trip)It’s what / how … that …3 Rewrite the sentences using It’s what / how … that …1 What other people think of us is determined by how we behave. It’s how we behave that determines what other people think of us.Unit 1 Discovering yourself202 What sort of job we are going to end up doing is usually determined by our character.It’s what our character is that usually determi nes what sort of job we are going to end up doing.3 What we do as a career isn’t always determined by the marks we get at university.It isn’t always what marks we get at university that determine what we do as a career.4 How we react to life’s problems is often determined by our childhood experiences.It is often what we experienced in our childhood that determines how we react to life’s problems.5 When we die is determined by our genetic clock, and the changes we make to it.It’s what our genetic clock is and what changes we make to it that determine when we die.It is / was not just that … but …4 Rewrite the sentences using It is / was not just that …but …1 Not only were the shops all closed for Thanksgiving, there was also no one in the streets.It wasn’t just that the shops were all closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in the streets.2 Not only did she spend all her time at college going to parties, she also took the time to gain a first-classdegree.It wasn’t just that she spent all her time at college going to parties, but she took the time to gain a firstclass degree.3 Not only were they not listening to what he said, it also seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.It wasn’t just that they weren’t listening to what he said, but i t seemed as if they weren’t at all interested.4 Not only was I upset, I also felt as if I was going to burst out crying.It wasn’t just that I was upset, but I felt as if I was going to burst out crying.5 Not only was the Grim Reaper intended to frighten people, it was also a figure of fun.It wasn’t just that the Grim Reaper was intended to frighten people, but it was also a figure of fun.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 settle When you settle somewhere you go there to stay.(a) Where is dust likely to settle in a room?On the surfaces that aren’t used very often or aren’t cleaned.(b) If you settle an argument, is the conclusion satisfactory? Yes, it is, because the disagreement is solved and each party is satisfied with the outcome.(c) If you settle the bill, what is there left to pay? Nothing, because you have paid everything that is owed. (d) What do you do when you settle back to watch a film?We relax in a comfortable chair and enjoy it.2 smooth This word can mean flat or soft, comfortable, easy or confident.(a) If the sea is smooth, are you likely to feel seasick? No, because the sea is calm. We will feel seasick if it is rough. Discovering yourself Unit 121(b) If a changeover from one government to the next is smooth, are there lots of problems?No, because the changeover has gone well, without difficulties.(c) Is it a good idea to trust a smooth talker?Not necessarily, because some people who talk confidently like that do so to trick you, like aconfidence trickster or conman.3 offer This word can refer to something you would like someone to take, something someone gives, orsomething that is for sale.(a) If you decline an offer, do you say “yes” or “no”? We say “no”, because we are refusing it.(b) If you offer an apology to someone for something you have done, what do you say?We should say, “I apologize” or “I’m sorry”.(c) Where are you likely to see special offer?In a shop, because the shop is offering a special price or reduction for something.(d) If someone has a lot to offer, what kind of person are they? They are intelligent, talented, gifted or creative and they will bring these kinds of qualities to their work.4 bear If you bear something you carry or bring it. If you cannot bear something, you dislike it or cannotaccept it.(a) If you bear something in mind, do you forget it?No, we will remember it and consider it for a particular occasion in future.(b) If you bear a resemblance to someone, in what way are you like them?We look similar in certain physical features.(c) Is there anything you can’t bear to think about?I can’t bear to think too much about some of the problems in the world, famine, war, poverty etc. Inthe modern world, why don’t we just solve them?5 resistance This word can refer to the refusal to accept something new, the ability not to be harmed bysomething, or opposition to someone or something.(a) If there is resistance to an idea, do people accept it? No, not easily. They refuse to accept the idea maybe because i t’s just a bad idea, or they may changetheir mind if they understand it better.(b) If the soldiers met with resistance, what happened?The soldiers met opposition from those they were fighting against.(c) Is there a way to build up your resistance to cold? Yes, we can keep ourselves as healthy as possible with a good diet and getting enough exercise sothat we are less likely to catch a cold, or if we do get one, we won’t suffer so badly.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
chronological order in writing. Some historical background is needed to follow it smoothly.
Passage 2
and their sources. Passage 2 is • Passage 2 is more demanding as a
• Developing interpretation skills but in this unit Ss are asked to consider for understanding cultural and their full implications and effects. linguistic humour
290
3zw9.indd 290
2010.1.25 1:16:22 PM
What’s in a name? Unit 9
Active reading (1)
1 Work in pairs and answer the questions. 1 What is the difference between a given name and a surname? A given name is used to distinguish among individuals while a surname belongs to a family group.
Unit 9 What’s in a name?
Teaching suggestions and answer keys
Starting point
Teaching tips The unit starts by considering Western family names and then moves on to modern personal names and nicknames. Most of the examples are English.
Teaching steps Various methods can be used to start Ss thinking about the topic. A group could be asked to conduct an out-of-class survey on favourite Western personal names among Ss. Ss could be asked to consult English newspapers and magazines in order to collect samples of English family names. (Pay attention to the names that are less likely to be of English origin and as a result rather less useful for the purposes of this exercise.) Presentation of the results of Ss’ preparatory work can then preface the unit.
Calling your kid Noah or Coke – how wet is that?
a humorous attack on the trend towards selecting “weird”, nontraditional names for children.
result of its ironic and exaggerated style poking fun at unusual names. It also makes cultural and vocabulary
ways, formally, informally,
exactly and approximately
The exercises and writing assignments
Writing skills and tasks • Guided writing: Expressing make full use of the quantity words and
best done as a full class activity.
• Discussing connotations
The activities call for cross-cultural
• Pointing out distinctions in comparisons and the expression of narrow
2 Discuss what the surnames have in common. 1 Neville Butcher, Sylvie Carpenter, Francis Baker All of the surnames indicate professions or types of work.
quantities
phrases.
• Unit task: Preparing a report
about names
Cognitive skills
• Learning to describe a subject from a historical point of view Names are something we take for granted,
3 Why did your parents give you that name? I think my mother found it in a novel and liked it.
4 Do you like it? Well, I don’t often think about it, but, yes, it gives a nice impression of an adventurous person.
demands on Ss.
Reading skills
(a) Predicting (b) Understanding text organization (c) Understanding humour
• Use Passage 1 for skills (a) and (b). • Use Passage 2 for skill (c). For Passage 2,
Speakinfferent uses of distinctions in meaning. This involves
one word, eg name
speaking abstractly.
• Expressing quantity in different
2 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 What does your name mean? My name is Wang Feiyan. Feiyan can be translated as “a flying swallow”.
2 Do you know any stories associated with it? I know it is a very old name which sounds rather heroic.
Reading across cultures
Nicknames
This is a factual passage on nicknames.
Guide Ss to learn about an expository piece of writing.
3zw9.indd 289
2010.1.25 1:16:20 PM
2 How many famous people who are known by a single name can you think of? Madonna (US pop superstar singer), Sting (British pop singer, former frontman for the band The Police), Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer), Beckham (British footballer), Shaq (US basketball player).
4 John Hanson, Hannah Hansdotter, Ronald Peterson All of the surnames are indications of who the father is.
What’s in a name? Language points
1 After the Norman Conquest of England … obliged people to adopt fixed surnames for administrative reasons, as a form of registration for the census and for taxation. (Para 4) To oblige somebody to do something means somebody has to do it because the situation, the law, a duty etc makes it necessary. The Norman government needed to know more about the country. A complete land survey and population count was carried out to discover what resources there were and tax them. In the interests of efficiency and record-keeping, surnames became required.