过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容之一
非谓语动词的定义是什么意思
⾮谓语动词的定义是什么意思 ⾮谓语动词，⼜叫⾮限定动词，⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的⾮谓语形式。
下⾯是百分⽹店铺给⼤家整理的⾮谓语动词的定义简介，希望能帮到⼤家! ⾮谓语动词的定义 在句⼦中充当除谓语以外的各种句⼦成分的动词形式，叫做⾮谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。
⾮谓语动词也是动词的⼀种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。
⾮谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
⾮谓语动词与谓语动词 相同点 如果是及物动词都可与宾语连⽤，例如： They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. 都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. 都有主动与被动，“体”式(⼀般式;进⾏式;完成式)的变化。
例如： He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态) He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式) We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时) Having written the composition,we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式) 都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语) The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语) We are League members.(谓语动词的主语) We being League member,the work was well done. (现在分词的逻辑主语) 否定式⼀般⽤not,并且放在⾮谓语动词之前 不同点 ⾮谓语动词可以有名词作⽤(如动词不定式和动名词)，在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的用法总结
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的用法总结在高中英语学习中，非谓语动词是一个重要的语法知识点。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式，它们在句子中可以充当多种不同的语法角色。
本文将对这三种非谓语动词的用法进行总结，帮助高中生们更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法。
一、不定式用法1. 不定式作主语例如：To learn a foreign language is not easy. （学一门外语并不容易。
）2. 不定式作宾语例如：I want to visit the museum tomorrow. （我明天想去参观博物馆。
）3. 不定式作目的状语例如：He went to the supermarket to buy some groceries. （他去超市买些杂货。
）4. 不定式作目标状语例如：We need to study hard to pass the exam. （为了通过考试，我们需要努力学习。
）5. 不定式作定语例如：The girl to my left is my best friend. （我左边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
）二、动名词用法1. 动名词作主语例如：Swimming is my favorite sport. （游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
）2. 动名词作宾语例如：He enjoys playing basketball. （他喜欢打篮球。
）3. 动名词作介词宾语例如：She is good at dancing. （她擅长跳舞。
）4. 动名词作宾语补足语例如：I find it difficult to understand his speech. （我觉得理解他的演讲很困难。
）5. 动名词作定语例如：The running water sounds so relaxing. （流水的声音听起来很放松。
）三、分词用法1. 现在分词作定语例如：The book on the table is mine. （桌子上的那本书是我的。
过去分词作定语和表语
如果遇到复杂的句子结构，可以先简化句子，找出主干部分，再逐步添加 其他成分。
THANKS
表示状态、性质或特征描述
状态描述
过去分词可以表示主语所处的 状态，如“The window is
broken.”（窗户破了。）中 的“broken”表示窗户的状态。
性质描述
过去分词可以描述主语的性质， 如“She is interested in
music.”（她对音乐感兴趣。） 中的“interested”表示她的 性质。
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观察句子结构，确定过去分词 短语在句中的作用，是作为定 语还是表语。
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如果是定语，需要判断其与所 修饰名词之间的关系，主动关 系用现在分词，被动关系用过 去分词。
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如果是表语，需要注意与主语 的逻辑关系，以及时态和语态 的一致性。
技巧二：注意时态、语态和主谓一致问题
在使用过去分词作定语或表语时，需要注意句子的时态和语态，确保过去 分词的形式与句子的时态和语态相符。
在使用过去分词时，需要结合具体的语境进行判断。通过分析上下文语境和逻辑关系，可以更准 确地理解句子的意思并选择合适的表达方式。
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实战演练与技巧分享
练习题：识别并改正错误使用过去分词现象
错题1
The book, written by a famous writer, are very popular.
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常见误区及注意事项
混淆现在分词与过去分词形式
要点一
误将现在分词用作定语
现在分词具有主动意义，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作 同时发生，而过去分词则表示被动或完成意义。因此，在 需要表示被动或完成意义时，应使用过去分词而非现在分 词。
非谓语动词归纳笔记
非谓语动词归纳笔记非谓语动词是英语中常见的一种动词形式，它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。
非谓语动词分为不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
不定式是非谓语动词中最常见的形式之一。
它的基本形式是由to+动词原形构成，如to eat、to drink等。
不定式可以用来作主语，例如“To learn a foreign language is beneficial.”（学习一门外语是有益的。
）此外，不定式还可以用作宾语，例如“I want to go to the park.”（我想去公园。
）此外，不定式还可以用来作定语，例如“I have a book to read.”（我有本书要读。
）不定式也可以用来表示目的、原因、结果等，例如“He went to the store to buy some groceries.”（他去商店买了些杂货。
）动名词是以-ing结尾的动词形式，例如eating、drinking等。
动名词可以用来作主语、宾语和表语。
作主语时，动名词常常表示一种习惯、意愿或一般性的情况，例如“Reading books is my hobby.”（读书是我的爱好。
）动名词还可以用来作宾语，例如“Ienjoy swimming in the pool.”（我喜欢在游泳池里游泳。
）作表语时，动名词常常表示一种状态，例如“My favorite activity is hiking.”（我最喜欢的活动是徒步旅行。
）分词是非谓语动词中最复杂的形式之一。
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
现在分词是以-ing结尾的动词形式，例如running、singing等。
过去分词是动词的第三人称单数和过去式形式，例如eaten、drunk等。
分词可以用来作定语和状语。
作定语时，分词通常修饰名词，例如“The broken window needs to be fixed.”（这个破窗户需要修理。
）作状语时，分词可以表示时间、原因、条件等，例如“I watched a movie,feeling relaxed.”（我看电影时感到很放松。
非谓语的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语.但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语.不定式表目的,表将来；动名词表主动,表进行；过去分词表被动,表完成. 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)1）不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作.如：Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险.（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险.2）用动名词做主语的句型:It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间It is worth doing sth 值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的.3）不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时.It is silly of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语.如：When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢.Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题.5）一般情况下,不定式和动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式.如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实.. Planting flowers needs constant watering.但and连接的多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致,谓语一般用单数）.如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的.6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构.如：----- What made him angry------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry.7）过去分词不能单独做主语,前面必须加上being,构成动名词,做主语.如：.Being examined twice a year , whether it is a car, a bus or a truck,.经典练习：1.It’s important for the figures_________ (update) regularly.2.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______(remain) silent.3.It’s really stupid of you _______ （tell）him the news yesterdayso it has been disturbing him all the time.4.___________(understand)your own needs and styles of communicationis as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.5.__________(worry) about your grades doesn’t help.6.The engine just won’t start. Something seems _____ (go) wrong withit.参考答案：1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4.understanding 5. worrying go改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误1. It’s standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.3. Know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.4. Do well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.told us whether have a picnic was still under discussion.prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.参考答案：1. 在employ前加to 2. Hear 改为Hearing 3. Know 改为Knowing4. Do 改为Doing5. have 前加to6. prevent 前加to.二.作定语1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需要有相应的介词,如：The Browns have a comfortable house to live in2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：a. 不定式表将来如：The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any,the only 等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系, 如：He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式做定语,常见的有：promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readiness等I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plan to go there.He made an attempt to stand up.Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.3) 前置定语：V+ing 可以表示正在进行,也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请区别下面短语：the boiling/ boiled water. 正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水（表完成）a good-looking flower. 一朵好看的花儿（表特征）the developing countries/ the developed countries 发展中国家/发达国家the falling leaves / the fallen leaves正在下落的叶子/落叶the remaining money/ the money left 剩下的钱注意：英语中有些表示感觉的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人感到…..的”,过去分词形式表示“感到….的”如：an exciting voice 一个令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 一个兴奋的声音a puzzling expression 一个令人困惑的表情 a puzzled expression 一个困惑的表情4）区别下列后置定语的用法：to be done 表示被动、将来；done 表示被动、完成；being done 表示被动、正在进行；v+ing 表示主动；动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ look 和变化系动词就只有用V+ing形式.Have you read the novel written by DickensListen The song being sung is very popular with students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.The food tasting delicious sells well.注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来,不表目的；having dong 或者having been done 一般用在状语中,不可以做后置定语,过去分词本身就表被动和完成.请完成下面的练习are many people ______ (wait) outside the hall.are many problems ______ ( remain) to be solved.flowers _______ (smell) sweet attract a lot of people.are many people _______ (invite) to the party.film, ______ (set) in the 19th century, won the medal.meeting_________(hold) now is of great importance.meeting_________(hold) yesterday was of great importance.meeting ________ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance.is always the first_______ (come) and the last _______ (leave).is the only person ________(know) the truth.was the best ______ (do) the job.13. A great number of students _________(question) said they were forcedto practice the piano.14. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter_____(offer) it to him.15. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in theenvelope ______ (provide)16. Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______(stay)away.17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf_____（stand）in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, therewas a pile of mail______(wait) for her.19. They might just have a place _____ (leave) on the writing course—whydon’t you give it a try20. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____(use) indaily conversations.21. Volunteering gives you a chance _______ (change) lives, includingyour own.参考答案： . smelling 5. set held 8. to be held 9. to come 10.to leave know do 13. questioned 14. offering 15. provided16. to stay 17. standing 18. waiting 19. left 20. used 21.to leave 22. to change三.作表语(不定式/动名词/过去分词都可以做表语)1.动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作例如：比较下列区别His favorite sport is swimming. (泛指游泳)Your task today is to wash the curtains.(指一次具体的工作)2 .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puz zled/tired 感到…exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interestin g/puzzling/tiring令人….He is moved by the moving movie.The film is moving.It is a pleasant trip.（pleasant 做前置定语）The trip is pleasing.（pleasing 做表语）3. 注意下列表达方式：My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.4. remain 的表语1) remain to be done 仍需去做/有待于…One problem remians to be solved.It remians to be seen whether the operation was successful.2) remain做“仍然是”讲时,可用名词,adj,介词,现在分词或者过去分词作表语He remained stuck (滞留)abroadPeter became a manager, but Jack remained a worker.Whatever achievements you’ve made, you should remain modest.无论你取得多么大的成就,你都该保持谦虚.He had to remain in hospital until he was better. 他不得不一直住院直到身体好些.This solid stone,square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.The guests came in, but she remained sitting/seated at the desk reading.客人们都来了,但她还坐在写字台旁读书.As before, he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷.注意：1）用作不及物动词,意思是“剩下；剩余；遗留”,此时不能用进行时态,也没有被动语态.After the fire, very little remained of his house. 火灾过后,他的家所剩无几.2)remaining是形容词,意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语；而left则只能作后置定语.例如：There are still some apples left. 还剩余一些苹果. I bought a giftfor her with the remaining money. 我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物.3) remain作名词时表示“剩余物”,一般用其复数形式.例如：The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynasty.考古学家发现了一些宋代遗迹.5. 1)主语+seem +(to be )+表语,表语多为名词或形容词Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩.The man over there seems to be a new teacher. 那边的那个人看上去像一个新老2) 主语+ seem to do sthbe doing sthhave done sthMrs. Green doesn’t seem (或seems not ) to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意.The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢.The young man seemed to have changed much. 这个年轻人看起来变化很大.6. 当不定式用作表语时,其中的 to 原则上是不能省略的.如：His aim is t o do two years’ work in one. 他的目标是一年干两年的工作.但有一种例外,那就是当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to.如：What you first do is (to) mix the egg with flour. 你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好.All I did was (to) touch the window, and it broke. 我只不过碰了一下窗户,玻璃就碎了经典练习1. My worry is your _______ (rely) too much on your parents.2. Please remain ______ (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and thephone are important in staying________( connect)答案：四.作宾语(不定式和动名词都可以作宾语)1.只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语考虑、建议和原谅,承认、推迟没得想像避免、继续练,否认完成停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡consider（考虑）;advise/suggest/propose/recommend(建议);excuse/pardon(原谅)；admit/acknowledge(承认)；delay/postpone/put off(推迟); imagine/fancy(想像)；avoid（避免）；practise（练习）;deny(否认);finish(完成); appreciate/acknowledge(感谢); forbid (禁止); mind(介意); escape(逃脱)；此外,这些动词也跟动名词：miss（错过）；enjoy（享受）；risk (冒险)；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with(容忍)；quit（停止）advocate（提倡）；resist （抵制）understand（理解）；allow/permit(允许)feel like doing sth（喜欢做某事; give up doing (放弃做某事); keep doing(不停的做某事); be busy doing sth; can’t help doing sth（情不自禁）; be worth doing sth (值得做某事)；have difficulty/trouble doing sth(做...有困难/麻烦); have a hard/good time doing sth做.... 很开心/不开心; have fun doing sth 做.... 很开心 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事It is no use/good /pleasure doing sth做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth doing sth值得做某事2.只能用不定式作宾语的动词决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,(afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten口诀之外的单词)She pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.3. forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别.forget to do sth _________________ forget doing sth ______________________ go on to do sth __________________go on doing sth ______________________ mean to do sth____________________ mean doing sth___________________ regret to say/tell/inform/announce__________________________________ regret doing sth/having done________________________________________ remember to do sth_________________ remember doing sth________________ stop to do sth______________________ stop doing sth____________________ try to do sth______________________ try doingsth_________________________can’t help (to) do sth __________________ can’t help doing sth__________________can’t help but do sth =can’t but do sth ___________________sb used to do sth ___________________ sb be used to doing sth____________________sth be used to do sth ________________________be afraid to do sth不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth担心发生某事be sure to do sth一定会.....be sure of doing sth确信会.....Let’s go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课.说明前面已学了一部分.）Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课.说明前面已学了第五课.）I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习.）I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事.）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里.）I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次.）Stop speaking. （不要讲话.）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话.）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来.）Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）4.在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：allow /advise/forbid/permit sb to do sthallow/advise/forbid/permit doing sthWe don’t allow smoking here.We don’t allow students to smoke.动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义.be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义.…需要….…值得….deserve to be done/ doing …..值得….The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying.These proposals deserve considering/ to be considered. 这些建议应该被考虑.devote oneself/ one’s time to (把...贡献给...)；look forward to (期望)；pay attention to (注意)； attach importance to (重视)； be used/accustomed to (习惯于做某事)；when it comes to (当谈到做某事) ; get down to(着手)；prefer doing sth to doing sth（喜欢...而不喜欢; turn to doing sth(转向)；thanks to (多亏); lead to (导致)；the key to doing sth (做某事的关键)；object to/be opposed to (反对)；contribute to (有助于)；be addicted to doing sth (沉湎于；对...上瘾)；make contributions to (对...做出贡献) ；due to （由于）；apply oneself to (致力于) ；stick to（坚持）；come close to （接近于）等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon.6.不定式做动词（词组）tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时,前面常常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等,但是why后加不带to的不定式.He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I don’t know what to do= I don’t know what I should do.We must decide whether to stay or go= We must decide whether we’ll stay or go.Can you tell me why do it7.在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别.有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为.I love swimming. I love to swim today.,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式.It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.典型例题1. David threatened _____(report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.2. He chose _______(keep) silent when asked why.3. He volunteered _________(help) the victims in the earthquake.4. Whenever you are in trouble, don’t hesitate _______(ask) me for help.5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need ______(repair).6. —Can I smoke here—Sorry. We don’t allow ______(smoke) here.7. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ______(promote) when we talked on the phone.8. Bill suggested _______(hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.9. I really appreciate _______(have) time to holiday with you on this nice island.10. I can hardly imagine her _______(marry) such a men as Lee.11. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ________(go) for a swim12. The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______(recognize).13. —They are quiet, aren’t they—Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a month.15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl.19. He was considering changed his mind.20. He was considered to be very rich.21. D on’t worry. We can manage to help you out.22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success.24. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.25. China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.27. When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.28. Lydia doesn’t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret _____ (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried ______(persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I’m afraid I can’t help painting the house this afternoon.35. I couldn’t choose but to accept his invitation.36. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean hurt you.37. Now that we have finished Exercise I, let’s go on to do Exercise Ⅱ.38. I couldn’t help but admiring him for his courage.39. Oh, my goodness I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.41. The competitor never dreamed of there __________ (be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister _______ (win) the contest43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.44. She didn’t mind her books taken away and used by other students.45. I insist on Mary go there.46. I knew nothing about the window was open.47. He left the city without our know it.答案：report 2. to keep 3. to help ask been promoted 10. marrying recognized 改为taking 14.正确改为turning 前加being 17.正确 18.正确改为changing 20.正确 21.正确 22.正确 23.正确改为correcting 前加being 改为being 改为speaking 改为studying inform persuade 31.正确前加being 33.正确改为paint 35.去掉to 36.正确 37.正确 39.正确前加being 改为my或me 前加being 改为going,或去掉on 改为being 改为knowing五．作状语不定式分词作状语时,不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,不定式表示目的,动名词表示主动,过去分词表示被动.(一)不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语In order to可以放在句首,也可以放在句中；so as to 只能放于句中,in order to 和so as to 放于句中时,不能用逗号隔开.To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up early.= He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it. = In order not to forget it, Bob took down my telephone number.2.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth; …enough to do sth; too….to; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果.I’m not so stupid as to write it down.=I’m not such a fool as to write it down.He is clever enough to be fit for the job.Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone.比较：He died, leaving only debts.(动名词表示自然而然的结果)I’m too tired to stay up longer.注意：only too…to结构中,并非是“太….而不能….”之意,而表示“非常….”这样搭配的形容词有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等.I’m only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了,我非常高兴.I’m too willing to help you.3.不定式作原因状语当这些形容词light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible, interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动.This question is easy to answer.This book is difficult to understand.（二）分词做状语分词作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等,为了强调,可以与while, when, once, if , unless等连词连用.(not)V+ing 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系V+ed 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系(not) having done 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前(not)having been done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系; 动作发生在谓语动作之前1. When ________ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you”or “It’s kind of you.(Separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.3. Generally speaking, if _______(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.4. He glanced at her, ________( note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well.5. The teacher came into the lab, _________(follow) by some students.6. _________________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.7. Not _______________(receive) her letter, he wrote again.参考答案： 2. Separated 3. taken 4. noting 5. followed 6. Having been told7. having received(三) 独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分.常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲considering/ given/taking… into consideration 考虑到judging from/by 根据....判断compared with/to 与....相比provided/ providing/ suppose/ supposing/ assuming 假设to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说To make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是seeing that 鉴于Considering his age, he is quite tall.Judging from his look, he didn’t agree with you at all.I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began to rain.To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.练习：1).______ (sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm o’clock.2)._______(see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.3) ._______(see) the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed.4). _______(clean) the desks, we began reading.5).__________(surround) for a month, the enemy had to give in.6). ___________(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police.7) .All the afternoon he worked with the door_______(lock).8).With winter_______(come) on,it's time to buy warm clothes.9).I can't go out with all these dishes________(wash).10).Anderson was lying on the bed with the window________(open).11).He stood there with his eyes ______(fix) on the wall.12).He felt relaxed, with his work _______(do).13). He felt anxious, with a lot of work________(do)参考答案：1) to sleep; 2) seen; 3) seeing; 4) Having cleaned; 5) having been surrounded; 6) lost7) locked 8) coming 9) to wash 10) open 11).fixed 12) done 13) to do总结状语从句的做题方法：(四)独立主格非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该和句子主语保持一致.但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中做状语,我们称之为独立主格.它的结构特点是：①独立主格中的状语有自己独立的主语,与主句的主语不同,前后主语不一致；②在独立主格中的状语中,不定式表示还未作,过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动③独立主格结构一般都有逗号与主句分开. 独立主格的结构为：(with)主语+V+ing/v+ed/ to do sth/ adj/ 介词结构/ 副词1).名词/主格代词+现在分词.名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系.如：The girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say.= With the girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好.Time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.= _______________________________________________________如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游.2).名词/主格代词+过去分词.名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系.如：The problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.= With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了. Her glasses broken (= because her g lasses were broken), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. =__________________________________________________________________.由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字.3).名词/主格代词+不定式.名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作.如：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.= He is going to make a model plane, with some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型.4).名词/主格代词+形容词.如：An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还.= An air accident happened to the plane, with nobody alive.So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. =_____________________________这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消.5).名词/主格代词+副词.如：He put on his sweater ,wrong side out.= He put on his sweater , with wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了.The meeting over, they all went home.=____________________________________________.会议一结束,他们就都回家了.6).名词/主格代词+介词短语.如：The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand.= The boy goes to the classroom, with a book in his hand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室.Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门. 7). There being +名词（代词）,being不可省.如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了.There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会.8). It being +名词（代词）,being不可省.如：It being Christmas, t he government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息.当不定式用作介词except或but的宾语时,该不定式有时带 to,有时不带 to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是：其前有do,不定式不带 to；其前没有 do,不定式通常带 to.如：He likes nothing except to watch TV. 除了看电视外,他什么都不喜欢.It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果.There’s little we can do except wait. 除了等待我们没有什么办法.I could do nothing except agree. 我除了同意,没有别的办法重点句型：have no choice/alternative but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事 have nothing to do but do sth / can do nothing but do sth别无选择只能做某事经典例题：1.I looked up and noticed a snake ______(wind) its way up the tree to catchits breakfast.2.Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car_______(wash).3.Having finished her project, she was invited _______(speak) by the schoolto the new students.4.When we saw the road _______(block) with snow, we decided to spend theholiday at home.5.Let those in need ______(understand) that we will go all out to help them.6.He is thought ______(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blamefor losing the job.7.Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles ______(recognize).8.I was advised _______(take) more exercise and eat less sugar.9.That eight-year-old boy was made _________(work) day and night by thecruel boss.10.When he went back to his home village ten years later, he found itcompletely _____(change).11.Passengers are permitted ______(carry) only one piece of hand luggageonto the plane.12.Simon made a big bamboo box _____(keep) the little sick bird till it couldfly.13.Listen Do you hear someone call for help14.I felt something hitting me on the back.15.Let the children quiet, please.16.He was heard leave the house.17.I’ll have him to pay attention to his handwriting.18.Don’t have the students study all day.19.All that set me thinking.20.He got his tooth pull out yesterday.21.He was caught steal in the shop and was sent to prison.22.I found my desk mate, Li Yang, play basketball on the playground.23.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himselfreminding of his own dreams.24.Even the best writers find themselves losing for words.25.Claire had luggage _______ (check) an hour before her plane left.26.I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term.27.Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers ________ (send) to hermother on her birthday.28.The director had her assistant _______ (pick) up some hot dogs for themeeting.29.The two men had their lights ________ (burn) all night long.30.He had his house _______ (break) into last night.31.With the world changing fast, we have something new deal with all byourselves every day.32.Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls join up.33.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but meet an even greatchallenge.34.He had all his students to stand up and sing the song together.35.They had the machine run all day and all night.36.We won’t have such a thing happening again.37.Something has gone wrong with my computer. I’ll get it _________ (repair)tomorrow.38.It’s too noisy outside. I’ll have to get the children ___________ (stop)shouting.39.The first thing he did every morning was to get his car____________(start).40.He was very humorous and often got us ________ (laugh).41.Considering his illness, the doctor tried to get the patient stop smoking.42.His sudden appearance got them surprising.43.He got his ankle hurt in the game yesterday.44.The boss got them worked as soon as they entered the workshop.答案：1.winding 3. to speak 4. blocked 5. understand 6. to have acted 8. to take 9. to work 10. changed 11. to carry 12. to keep13. call改为calling 14. hitting改为hit 15. quiet前加be 16. leave 前加to 17.去掉pay前的to18.study改为studying 19. 正确 20. pull改为pulled 21. steal改为stealing改为playing 23. reminding改为reminded 24. losing改为lost 25. checkedcomplete 27. sent 28. pick 29. burning 30. broken 31. deal前加to 32. join改为joined33.meet前加to 34. 去掉to 35. run改为running 36. 正确 37. repaired38. to stop39.started 40. laughing 41. stop 前加to 42. surprising改为surprised43. 正确改为working。
非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要知识点，它可以用来修饰主语或宾语，增强句子的表达力和信息量。
在本文中，我将详细介绍非谓语动词的用法和一些常见的形式。
希望通过本文的阅读，读者能够更好地理解和运用非谓语动词，提高自己的英语写作水平。
一、非谓语动词的定义和分类非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的成分，但不具备谓语的功能。
它不受主语的人称和数的限制，也不受时态的影响。
根据其形式和功能的不同，非谓语动词可以分为动名词、不定式和分词三种形式。
1. 动名词（Gerund）动名词是动词加上-ing形式构成的名词，常用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。
例如：- Smoking is harmful to health.（吸烟对健康有害）- I enjoy swimming in the sea.（我喜欢在海里游泳）- His hobby is playing basketball.（他的爱好是打篮球）2. 不定式（Infinitive）不定式是动词的原形加上to构成的形式，常用作动词、形容词或名词的补语。
例如：- He wants to buy a new car.（他想买一辆新车）- I have a lot of work to do.（我有很多工作要做）- The book is too heavy to carry.（这本书太重，无法携带）3. 分词（Participle）分词是动词的-ing形式（现在分词）或-ed、-en等形式（过去分词）构成的形容词，常用作定语、状语或补语。
例如：- The running water is very clear.（流动的水非常清澈）- The broken vase has been repaired.（打破的花瓶已经修好了）- We were surprised by the exciting news.（令人兴奋的消息让我们感到惊讶）二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中具有独立的语法功能，可以用来修饰名词、代词、动词、形容词和副词等，以及构成复合句的各种从句。
英语高考非谓语动词重点语法
英语高考非谓语动词重点语法英语高考非谓语动词重点语法非谓语动词属于英语语法的三座大山之一，无论在考试中还是平常的英语阅读中所起的作用都举足轻重。
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非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中，每种形式根据发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
详细如下：1. 不定式①基本形式：to do(表示主动，并且一般表示将来)②被动式：to be done(表示被动，并且一般表示将来)③进行式：to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时：to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式：to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式：to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进来时，她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped. 据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里，她始终在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式：doing (表示主动)②被动式：being done(表示被动)③完成式：having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式：having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在将来，一般人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
初中英语时态学习之非谓语动词的重点
初中英语时态学习之非谓语动词的重点非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下：非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式等。
在句子中，非谓语动词通常不是谓语动词，而是作为主语、宾语、定语或状语等成分出现。
非谓语动词的四种形式如下:不定式:to+动词原形(表示目的)+其他成分(如主语、宾语、定语等)。
例如:I want to go to the movies.(我想去看电影)动名词:动名词是由动词变化而来，可以表示一种动作或状态。
动名词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:I enjoy playing soccer.(我喜欢踢足球)现在分词:现在分词是由动词变化而来，可以表示正在进行的动作。
现在分词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:She is studying for her exam.(她在为考试学习)过去分词:过去分词是由动词变化而来，可以表示已经完成的动作。
过去分词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:He has finished his homework.(他已经做完了作业)需要注意的是，每种形式的子形式也不同。
例如，不定式的完成时态为to have done,动名词的完成时态为had done,现在分词的完成时态为had been doing,过去分词的完成时态为had been done。
因此，在使用时需要根据具体情况选择相应的形式。
非谓语动词的语法非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。
具体如下。
1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，它通常由to+动词原形构成。
分词非谓语动词讲解
分词非谓语动词讲解分词非谓语动词是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，常见的分词有现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（-ed/-en形式）。
分词非谓语动词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾补、状语等成分，具有形容词和副词的特点。
下面是对分词非谓语动词的详细讲解及相关参考内容。
一、现在分词的用法：1. 作定语：现在分词作定语时修饰名词，表示该名词所描述的事物或状态形如：- The running water sounds very pleasant.（现在分词作定语修饰名词water）- She saw a crying baby on the street.（现在分词作定语修饰名词baby）参考内容：-《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》2. 作状语：现在分词作状语时修饰整个句子或句子的某一部分。
分词短语可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件等相关意义。
如：- Feeling tired, she decided to take a break.（现在分词短语表示原因）- Understanding the task, they started to work.（现在分词短语表示条件）参考内容：-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》-《英汉大词典》二、过去分词的用法：1. 作定语：过去分词在句中作定语时，修饰名词，表示该名词被动、完成或被描述的状态，如：- The broken vase needs to be repaired.（过去分词作定语修饰名词vase）- The information provided is accurate.（过去分词作定语修饰名词information）参考内容：-《朗文当代高级英语辞典》-《剑桥国际英语高级词典》2. 作表语：过去分词可以作表语，表示主语的状态或特征，如：- He is interested in the books written by the famous author.（过去分词作表语修饰主语）- The glass is broken.（过去分词作表语修饰主语）参考内容：-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》-《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》三、分词作宾补的用法：分词非谓语动词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语，表示被动、完成的意义，如：- She found the door locked.（分词作宾补修饰宾语door）- They heard the news announced on the radio.（分词作宾补修饰宾语news）参考内容：-《韦氏英语用法词典》-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》综上所述，分词非谓语动词的用法主要包括现在分词作定语、状语，过去分词作定语、表语和宾补等。
后置定语
不定式做后置定语，表示将要做（还没有做）I have something (to do this evening).2.现在分词做定语时,位置不定，如果是一个现在分词，前置，如果是短语后置。
表主动。
The (flying )kites are high in the sky. The boy (sitting by the window )is Tom.现在分词作后置动词不定式作定语应注意：1. 表示将要发生的动作，有时根据句意需要加上介词，这时介词不能省略，因为被修饰的名词是它的宾语。
例The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops. We have only a small cold room to live in.2. 用于修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。
例Marie Curie became the first woman in France to be a university professor. She was the first person in the word to receive two Nobel Prize. He was the best man to do the job.3. 根据不同的句意，不定式可用主动语态或被动语态。
例Have you got anything to post? (post的动作执行者是“你”) Have you got anything to be posted?(post的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”) There are some plates to wash (to be washed). 定语，表示与主句时态一致的一个经常发生的动作过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容之一，也是高考重要考点，学习时应注意下列几点：一、理清过去分词作表语和定语的最基本特点过去分词作表语和定语常常表示被动的和完成的动作。
非谓语动词使用三原则
主动
被动
进行或 doing
being done
一般
完成 having done having been done
(3) -ed形式(-ed分词，过去分词)
done
非谓语动词的用法
非谓语动词可以从时间关系、主 被动关系和动词句型(以及名词句型、 形容词句型、介词等)来考虑。时间 关系、主被动关系主要需要理解。各 种句型主要靠背诵。
非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系时，一般 用-ing形式(doing)，
被动关系时一般用-ed形式(done)
3. 非谓语动词句型 很多时候，非谓语动词的形
式是由固定结构决定。这种固定 结构我们简称为非谓语动词句型。 这些句型主要涉及动词句型、名 词句型、形容词句型和介词
(1) 形容词句型。很多形容词一般跟不定 式，如:
非谓语动词使用三原则
动词 英语动词几乎可以做各种句子成分。
作谓语时叫谓语动词。
作主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和 状语时叫非谓语动词。
也就是说，英语动词既可以做谓语， 也可以做非谓语。
做不同成分时形式不一样。谓语动词 有谓语动词的形式，非谓语有非谓语的形 式。
谓语动词 做谓语的动词就是谓语动词。谓语动词有时态和
easy/difficult/happy/sorry/surprised to do
sth (个别跟ing形式如be busy doing) (2) 名词句型。有一些名词专跟不定式
如: the ability/chance/opportunity/way
/urge to do
(3) 介词、疑问词、序数词 介词+doing, 如for coming, by riding,
1. 时间关系 三种非谓语动词发生的时间与谓语动词发生的时间 有不同的先后关系。也就是把谓语动词发生的时间 作为参照物，看看非谓语动词是发生在谓语动词之 前、之后，还是同时。
非谓语动词的六大用法
非谓语动词的六大用法在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，充当句子主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语而不能起谓语作用的动词，是动词的非谓语形式，又叫作非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式（to do）、动词-ing形式和过去分词（done）。
一、动词不定式和动词-ing形式作主语1.不定式作主语表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来动作；动词的-ing形式作主语表示经常性、习惯性动作或已经发生的动作。
To remember these words today is our main task. 今天记住这些单词是我们的主要任务。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old . 散步对年轻人和老年人都是很好的运形式。
Suffering is the most powerful teacher of life.苦难是人生最伟大的老师。
Being laughed at in the public made him angry. 在公共场所被嘲笑使他很生气。
2.不定式和动词的-ing形式作主语的常用句型1) 不定式作主语的句型①It is +形容词(名词) to doIt is better to be safe than sorry. 事后追悔不如事前稳妥。
It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open. 开设店铺易，维持常开难。
It is necessary to complete the design before National Day.在国庆节前完成设计是必要的。
It is very important to follow the rules.遵守规则是非常重要的。
It’s a waste of time to do that. 干那件事是浪费时间。
It is a great art to laugh at your own misfortune. 对己之不幸付之一笑，这是一门伟大的艺术。
英语语法：非谓语动词 -过去分词
作表语
〔注〕有些带-ed结尾的词，并不是过去分词，而是由名词变 化而来的形容词。
作表语
〔注〕有些带-ed结尾的词，并不是过去分词，而是由名词变 化而来的形容词。 I'm ashamed of myself for it. 为此我自感羞愧。
1）构成谓语
①“have+过去分词done”可以构成谓语动词完成时态或非谓语动词的完成 式。
I haven't been out much recently. （现在完成时） 我最近没太出门。 I knew you had been busy for a long time. （过去完成时） 我知道你一直很忙。 I'm sorry not to have given you enough care. （不定式完成式） 我很抱歉没有给你足够的关心。
Don’t say that! She was annoyed at your saying that. 不要说啦！你这样讲她很不高兴。
We were so bored that we couldn't help yawning. 我们厌烦得要命，禁不住打起了呵欠。
作表语
注意：这种结构和被动语态是有差别的：
作表语
注意：这种结构和被动语态是有差别的：
①“be+表语”结构表示一种状态，而被动语态表示一个动作。 试比较下面句子： The shop is closed now. 商店已关门。(be+表语，表状态) The shop is usually closed at 8 o’clock. 商店通常8 点关门。（被动语态，表动作） He was wounded in the arm. 他手臂受了伤的。(be+表语，表状态)
过去分词作定语和表语
过去分词作定语和表语过去分词作定语和表语过去分词是⾮谓语动词的⼀种形式，表⽰动作的被动和完成，在句中可做定语、状语、表语和宾语补⾜语。
这⾥主要讲解过去分词作定语和表语。
⼀、过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语的位置(1)单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
The broken clock should be repaired as soon as possible.这个坏了的钟表应该尽快修好。
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的⼯⼈正在医院受到良好的照料。
（2）过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作⽤想当与⼀个定语从句。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.这将是这类⼩说中写得最好的。
提醒:（1）有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往放在被修饰词后⾯。
There is little time left, let’s hurry up.剩余的时间不多了，我们赶快吧。
②过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后。
He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的⼈之⼀。
③有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置意义不同。
试⽐较：this is a used car.这是⼀辆旧车。
The method used is very efficient.所⽤的这个⽅法很有效。
2.过去分词作⾮限制性定语。
过去分词作⾮限制性定语，⽤来补充说明被修饰词的情况，前⾯常⽤逗号与被修饰的成分隔开。
A girl, dressed like a student,came in and sat beside me.⼀位学⽣打扮的⼥孩⾛进来，坐在我的旁边。
3.过去分词作定语时的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表⽰动作已完成，不表⽰被动的意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表⽰被动意义或已经完成的被动动作。
过去分词作表语和定语(2014.9.12)
II.
过去分词作表语和定语的基本特点
过去分词作定语常表示被动或完成的动作。
eg. The polluted river gives off a terrible smell.
这条被污染的河发出臭味。
过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括 be 在内的多种形式。
e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 【注意】 1. 有些过去分词作表语或定语用， 都已被看作形容词, 用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感
高二英语学案（一级部） 第 2 页 （共 4 页）
absorbed in, be satisfied with, be devoted to, be tired of, be seated 等。 e.g.： Do you know the man seated on that stone?
你认识坐在那块石头上的那个人吗？ 你不认识穿红裙子的那个女孩吗？
三、自主探究，教师点拨。
I.
过去分词作表语和定语的位置
过去分词作定语: 单个过去分词作定语常放在被修饰的名词前边，过去分词短语作定语应放 在被修饰的名词后边。 过去分词作表语: 过去分词作表语时，应放在连系动词后面，有时过去分词和连系动词之 有副词隔开。 例如：This is the wounded soldier. 这就是那个受伤的战士。
This is the soldier wounded in the battle. 这就是在战场上受伤的战士。 English is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界得到广泛使用。
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别高中英语知识点归纳：非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别英语中的动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种形式。
谓语动词用来构成句子的谓语，表达主语的动作、状态或存在等，而非谓语动词则在句子中作其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
本文将对高中英语中的非谓语动词和谓语动词进行归纳总结，并分析它们的区别。
一、非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式，它们都不具备时态和人称的变化。
下面分别介绍这三种形式的用法及其区别。
1. 不定式不定式是动词的一种形式，一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾补等多种成分。
（1）作主语：To learn English well is my goal.（学好英语是我的目标。
）（2）作宾语：I want to go to the cinema.（我想去电影院。
）（3）作定语：I have some books to read.（我有一些书要读。
）（4）作表语：Her dream is to become a teacher.（她的梦想是成为一名教师。
）（5）作宾补：I find it difficult to understand this passage.（我发现理解这篇文章很困难。
）2. 动名词动名词常由动词加-ing形式构成，可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。
（1）作主语：Swimming is good exercise.（游泳是很好的锻炼。
）（2）作宾语：I enjoy playing basketball.（我喜欢打篮球。
）（3）作定语：The running water sounds soothing.（流水的声音听起来很舒缓。
）（4）作表语：Her hobby is painting.（她的爱好是绘画。
）3. 分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式，可以作定语、表语和状语等。
（1）现在分词作定语：The crying baby needs attention.（哭泣的婴儿需要关注。
非谓语动词中过去分词作表语,定语和宾补的用法
过去分词作宾补时，要注意几种情况。
1.使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。
1)过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。
eg. He had his money stolen. 他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了） 2)过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。分词作定语时与定语从句的关系 2.部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时可改为动词为完成式或动 词为表示状态的定语从句。
a returned soldier － a soldier who has returned
retired workers － workers who have retired a learned man － a man who is of much learning a sunken ship － a ship which has sunk
人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
巩固练习 单项填空
1.Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought C. been bought players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played bought B. bought D. buying
三. 过去分词作宾补
2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。 eg. 1)I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 2)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 3)Don’t leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。 过去分词作宾补表示的意义： 过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑 上的动宾关系。如例句(4)，动宾关系是pull out his tooth；例句 (6)，动宾关系是settle this matter。
非谓语动词用法总结
非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一，同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。
它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。
但是，只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握，就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游刃有余。
一．非谓语动词区别简表二．不定式的用法不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语、状语，构成不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语（表用途）、状语或补足语。
高考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连词＋不定式等。
作主语不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。
不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事，做是另外一回事。
)（2）不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
eg:①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。
)②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。
)③It is a great honor to be invited to givea speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。
)2.作宾语（1）常只用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend, decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,l earn,choose,refuse,fail,manage,pretend等。
eg:①He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.)②She has agreed to come tomorrow.(他已同意明天来.)(2) 不定式较长时，作宾语，也可用it代替，放在后面。
eg;I find it difficult to do the job well.(3) “特殊疑问词﹢不定式to do结构”具有名词特征，可作宾语。
非谓语动词解析与练习题
非谓语动词：是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词三种形式，即：doing, done和to do。
虽然非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语，但是它们仍具有动词的特征，都能带自己的状语或跟宾语。
分词具有形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词具有名词的特征，在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语等；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
一、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点：1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
2.非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作定语、表语或宾语补足语。
3.非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
4.谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。
二、不定式不定式在句子中除了不能作谓语外，可以用作任何成分。
接不定式有以下几种情况：1.常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词/短语afford负担得起；agree同意；choose选择；decide决定；expect期望；fail失败；happen碰巧；hope 希望；learn学习；manage设法；need需要；offer提供；plan计划；prefer更喜欢过；prepare准备；promise承诺；refuse拒绝；wish 希望；would like/ want 想要2.常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词advise建议；allow允许；ask要求；expect期望；force强迫；help帮助；invite邀请；teach教；tell 告诉；want想要；warn警告；wish希望3.在一些使役动词和感官动词后，要把不定式结构中的to省略。
常用的有：四看：watch; see; look at; notice三使：let; make; have二听：listen to; hear一感觉：feel4.动词不定式的固定用法/句型（1）too…to…表示“太…而不能…”Eg: The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。
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过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容之一，也是高考重要考点，学习时应注意下列几点：一、理清过去分词作表语和定语的最基本特点过去分词作表语和定语常常表示被动的和完成的动作。
He used to belong to the exploited class. 过去他属于被剥削阶级。
The polluted river gives off a terrible smell. 这条被污染的河发出臭味。
典型考例：1. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.A. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. known析：D。
此处并不是强调进行的、完成的或将来的动作，因此应填过去分词known 作定语。
2. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written析：D。
第一批课本是被写的，所以应填过去分词written作定语，表示完成的、被动的动作。
值得注意的是，有些过去分词(词组)因来自系表结构而不含被动色彩，如dressed like, dressed in, satisfied with, devoted to, tired of, born in, seated, pleased with, interested in, surprised at, prepared for, lost /absorbed in等。
例如：Do you know the man seated on that stone? 你认识坐在那块石头上的那个人吗？Don't you know the girl dressed in a red skirt ? 你不认识穿红裙子的那个女孩吗？典型考例：1. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD. to be seating析：C。
remain seated 为系表结构，不具有被动色彩。
一些表示情绪、情感的过去分词作表语和定语时也不具备被动色彩。
例如：He felt puzzled at what she said. 听到她的话他感到很迷惑。
The excited people finally cooled down.激动的人们终于冷静了下来。
典型考例：2. -I'm very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.- Mm. It does have a ________ smell.A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant析：D。
第一空应填pleased，表满意的情绪；第二空应填pleasant，表令人愉快的。
二、掌握过去分词作表语和定语的创新形式1. get done也可构成被动语态，相当于be done。
例如：His right hand got burnt in that big fire.他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤。
She got murdered last year.去年她被谋杀了。
典型考例：1.-How are the team playing?-They're playing well, but one of them ________ hurt.A. gotB. getsC. areD. were析：A。
语境逻辑提示该空表过去被弄伤。
2. As we joined the big crowd I got ________ from my friends.A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed析：A。
分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知，该空表示"被分离"，词组get separated...from表示"与……分开"。
3. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ________ run over by a car.A. haveB. getC. becomeD. turn析：B。
语境逻辑制约该空表示被小汽车碾过去，应填get。
2. 过去分词作非限制性定语。
过去分词可作非限制性定语，因其不属于被修饰名词不可缺少的定语，前面常有逗号与被修饰名词隔开。
典型考例：1. Mr. Smith, ________ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring析：A。
第一空应填tired，来源于系表结构be tired of；第二空表令人感到枯燥的，应填现在分词boring。
2. The Olympic Games,________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing析：C。
分析语境逻辑不难发现，该空表"公元前776年第一次被举行"，应填过去分词first played作非限制性定语。
三、弄清过去分词作表语和定语的位置单个过去分词作定语常放在被修饰的名词前边，过去分词短语作定语应放在被修饰的名词后边。
过去分词作表语时，应放在连系动词后面，但有时过去分词和连系动词之间有副词隔开。
例如：This is the wounded soldier. 这就是那个受伤的战士。
This is the soldier wounded in the battle.这就是在战场上受伤的战士。
English is widely used all over the world.英语在全世界得到广泛使用。
This package was properly marked with the name and date.这个包裹被适当地标明了名字和日期。
典型考例：1. Most of the artists ________ to the party were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited析：A。
分析语境逻辑可知，该空表"被邀请"，所以应用过去分词短语invited to the party作后置定语。
2. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying析：B。
分析语境逻辑可知，该空表"通过电脑购买"，goods与buy之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词短语bought through a computer作后置定语。
过去分词作表语和定语练与析：1. I don't know the girl ________ in the snow storm.A. to catchB. caughtC. catchingD. to be catching2. The girl ________ down by a car was dying.A. knockB. knockingC. knockedD. to knock3. The foreign guests, ________ by some artists, came out of the hall.A. followingB. to followC. followedD. to be followed4. This is the problem ________ so quickly last evening.A. having been settledB. settleC. be settledD. settled5. There was an ________ look on his face when the actress appeared.A. excitedB. exciteC. excitingD. excitement6. The children ________ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.A. to examineB. examinedC. examineD. examining7. He was disappointed at his suggestions ________ by them yesterday.A. been turned downB. turned downC. to be turned downD. to turn down8. This is the package ________ last night.A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD. weighed9. Island is a small piece of land ________ by water.A. surroundedB. surroundingC. to be surroundedD. being surrounded10. The managers will again discuss the plan ________ last week.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out11. After the heavy rain, many cars got ________ in the mud.A. catchB. catchingC. caughtD. being caught12. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ________ .A. killB. killingC. killedD. to be killed13. When I went in, they were ________ in a heated discussion.A. absorbB. absorbedC. absorbingD. being absorbed14. The thief seems ________ in that cave. Let's go and see.A. hiddenB. hideC. hidingD. to hide答案与解析：1. B。