过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容之一

过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容之一，也是高考重要考点，学习时应注意下列几点：

一、理清过去分词作表语和定语的最基本特点

过去分词作表语和定语常常表示被动的和完成的动作。

He used to belong to the exploited class. 过去他属于被剥削阶级。

The polluted river gives off a terrible smell. 这条被污染的河发出臭味。

典型考例：

1. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.

A. being known

B. having been known

C. to be known

D. known

析：D。此处并不是强调进行的、完成的或将来的动作，因此应填过去分词known 作定语。

2. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written

B. to be written

C. being written

D. written

析：D。第一批课本是被写的，所以应填过去分词written作定语，表示完成的、被动的动作。

值得注意的是，有些过去分词(词组)因来自系表结构而不含被动色彩，如dressed like, dressed in, satisfied with, devoted to, tired of, born in, seated, pleased with, interested in, surprised at, prepared for, lost /absorbed in等。例如：

Do you know the man seated on that stone? 你认识坐在那块石头上的那个人吗？

Don't you know the girl dressed in a red skirt ? 你不认识穿红裙子的那个女孩吗？

典型考例：

1. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.

A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating

析：C。remain seated 为系表结构，不具有被动色彩。

一些表示情绪、情感的过去分词作表语和定语时也不具备被动色彩。例如：

He felt puzzled at what she said. 听到她的话他感到很迷惑。

The excited people finally cooled down.激动的人们终于冷静了下来。

典型考例：

2. -I'm very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.

- Mm. It does have a ________ smell.

A. pleasant; pleased

B. pleased; pleased

C. pleasant; pleasant

D. pleased; pleasant

析：D。第一空应填pleased，表满意的情绪；第二空应填pleasant，表令人愉快的。

二、掌握过去分词作表语和定语的创新形式

1. get done也可构成被动语态，相当于be done。例如：

His right hand got burnt in that big fire.他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤。

She got murdered last year.去年她被谋杀了。

典型考例：

1.-How are the team playing?

-They're playing well, but one of them ________ hurt.

A. got

B. gets

C. are

D. were

析：A。语境逻辑提示该空表过去被弄伤。

2. As we joined the big crowd I got ________ from my friends.

A. separated

B. spared

C. lost

D. missed

析：A。分析语境逻辑和句子结构可知，该空表示"被分离"，词组get separated...from表示"与……分开"。

3. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ________ run over by a car.

A. have

B. get

C. become

D. turn

析：B。语境逻辑制约该空表示被小汽车碾过去，应填get。

2. 过去分词作非限制性定语。

过去分词可作非限制性定语，因其不属于被修饰名词不可缺少的定语，前面常有逗号与被修饰名词隔开。

典型考例：

1. Mr. Smith, ________ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.

A. tired; boring

B. tiring; bored

C. tired; bored

D. tiring; boring

析：A。第一空应填tired，来源于系表结构be tired of；第二空表令人感到枯燥的，应填现在分词boring。

2. The Olympic Games,________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.

A. first playing

B. to be first played

C. first played

D. to be first playing

析：C。分析语境逻辑不难发现，该空表"公元前776年第一次被举行"，应填过去分词first played作非限制性定语。

三、弄清过去分词作表语和定语的位置

单个过去分词作定语常放在被修饰的名词前边，过去分词短语作定语应放在被修饰的名词后边。过去分词作表语时，应放在连系动词后面，但有时过去分词和连系动词之间有副词隔开。例如：

This is the wounded soldier. 这就是那个受伤的战士。

This is the soldier wounded in the battle.这就是在战场上受伤的战士。