中考动词时态与语态复习

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中考动词时态与语态复习 基础知识梳理

注意:现在完成进行时态在课文中出现过,学生可作基本了解。

现在完成进行时的构成: 主语+ have/ has + been + 现在分词+其他

(二)时态的应用及动词变化形式

考点1:一般现在时

考点2:一般过去时

1. 用法: 表示过去的动作或状态

2. 构成: was/were+表语; 实义动词的过去式

3. 标志词: a moment ago, just now, …ago, last night/week/month/year …., yesterday

例如:I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。

His uncle went to Beijing last week. 上周他的叔叔去了北京。

4. 句式变换

注:在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。

例如: He said he would not go if it rained. 他说如果下雨他就不去了。

考点3:现在进行时

1.用法:(1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在发生的动作。

例:①They are watching TV now. 他们现在正在看电视。

②Listen! The bird is singing in the tree. 听!鸟儿正在树上唱歌

(2)表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段一直进行的动作。

例:She is working in a factory. 她正在一家工厂工作。

(3)表示位置移动的动词,如e,go,leave,arrive等常用现在进行时表示最近即将发生的动作。例:①I’我这就来。②We are leaving tomorrow. 我们将明天离开。

(4)现在进行时与always,all the time等副词或短语连用常表示某种强烈的感情。

例:Alice is always thinking of others. 艾丽斯总是想着别人。

2.

3.常用时间标志词:now, Look! Listen! These days, at this moment, what are you doing,?

【注意】

(1)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时,另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。例如:My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park.

在公园散步的时候,我的钢笔掉到地上了。

(2)表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行,不考虑动作的先后顺序,主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时,连词常用while。例如:

The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.

学生们在看书,而老师在批改他们的家庭作业。

考点5:一般将来时

1.一般将来时的构成:(1)will +动词原形(主语是第一人称时也可用shall +动词原形)(2)be (am, is, are)

going to +动词原形

2.一般将来时的用法:(1)表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow, soon,

later, next time, in+一段时间等连用。例如:I’ll start tomorrow. 我明天动身。

(2)“be going to

+动词原形”用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事,这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要

发生的事情。例如:

She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress. 她买了一些布,准备为自己做一件连衣裙。【注意】

考点6. 现在完成时

1. 构成: have/has+动词的过去分词

2.

用法:(1)表示说话之前已经完成了的动作,而且这个动作对现在仍有影响,常与already,yet, in the

past few years等时间状语连用。例:I have seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。(已知电影内容)(2)表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,常与by now,so far,since, for等时间状语连用

I have studied in the school since 2009. 自从2009年我就在这所学校学习。

3.用现在完成时来描述一个从过去一直延续到现在的动作时,其谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。现在完

成时中的时间状语表示的是一段时间时,句中的动词一定要用延续性动词。

考点7. 过去完成时

1. 构成:主语+had+过去分词

2.

用法:(1)表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作(即“过去的过去”)。因此使用过去

完成时必须以过去某一时间作为前提,通常用by, before短语或when, before, after,

until等引导的从句来表示。例如:

After the sun had set, we decided to return home. 太阳落山以后,我们决定回家。

(2)用于宾语从句,从句表示在主句以前发生的动作。

She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道是谁让门开着的。

考点8. 过去将来时

(1)构成:①would + 动词原形②should + 动词原形③was/were + going to + 动词原形

【注意】

在由if引导的条件状语从句中,主句是过去将来时,if从句只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如:The y said that they would go fishing if it didn’t rain the next day.

【巧学妙记】

should, would加原形,“过去将来”就构成。过去将来不独立,经常用于“宾从句”。

过去认为将发生,过去将来时态用。过去将来不单行,只可用于从句中。

【巩固练习】

1. I saw Sam and David on the playground yesterday afternoon. They _______games with their classmates then.

A. play

B. will play

C. are playing C. were playing

2. John always _______others when they are in trouble.

A. help

B. was helping

C. helps

D. helped

3. —Where is Mr Black? I have something important to tell him.

—You can’t find him. He _______ Hong Kong.

A. will go to

B. would go to

C. has gone to

D. has been to

4.—Have you ever been to Shanghai? —Yes. I _______ there a few months ago.

A. have been

B. went

C. have gone

D. go

5. —Shall we go shopping now? — Sorry, I can’t. I ________my shirts.

A. wash

B. am washing

C. washed

D. have washed

7. Bob ________the plants while his father was cooking dinner.

A. will water

B. was watering

C. is watering

D. has watered

8. I _______ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it!

A. left

B. went away from

C. have left

D. have been away from

9. There _______ some flowers on the teacher’s desk just now, but now there _______ nothing on it.

A. have; has

B. were; was

C. were; is

D. has; has

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