工程材料常用词汇表(中英文)

工程材料常用词汇表A奥氏体 austenite奥氏体本质晶粒度 austenite inhorent grain size奥氏体化 austenitization, austenitii zingB白口铸铁 white cast iron白铜 white brass, copper-nickel alloy板条马氏体 lath martensite棒材 bar包晶反应 peritectic reaction薄板 thin sheet薄膜技术 thin film technique贝氏体 bainite本质晶粒度 inherent grain size比强度 strength-to-weight ratic变质处理 inoculation, modification变质剂 modifying agent,modificator表面处理 surface treatment表面粗糙度 surface roughness表面淬火 surface quenching表面腐蚀 surface corrosion表面硬化 surface hardening玻璃 glass玻璃态 vitreous state, glass state玻璃钢 glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维 glass fiber不可热处理的 non-heat-treatable不锈钢 stainless steel布氏硬度 Brinell hardnessC材料强度 strength ofmaterial残余奥氏体residual austenite残余变形 residual deformation残余应力 residual stress层状珠光体 lamellar pearlite超导金属 superconducting metal成核 nucleate, nucleation成形forming, shaping成长 growth, growing磁材料magnetic materials冲击韧性 impact toughness纯铁 pure iron粗晶粒 coarse grain脆性 brittleness脆性断裂 brittle fracture淬火 quenching, quench淬透性 hardenability淬硬性 hardenabilityD带材 baud, strip单晶 single crystal, unit crystal单体 monomer, element氮化层 nitration case氮化物 nitride刀具 cutting tool导磁性 magnetic conductivity导电性 electric conductivity导热性 heat conductivity, thermal conductivity导体 conductor等离子堆焊 plasma surfacing等离子弧喷涂 plasma spraying等离子增强化学气相沉积 Plasma chemical vapour deposition (PCVD) 等温转变曲线 isothermal transformation curve低合金钢 low alloy steel低碳钢 low carbon steel低碳马氏体 low carbon?martensite低温回火low tempering点阵常数grating constant, lattice constant电镀electroplating, galvanize电弧喷涂 electric arc spraying电子显微镜 electron microscope定向结晶directional solidification S端淬试验end quenching test断口分析 fracture analysis断裂强度 breaking strength, fracture strength 断裂韧性 fracture toughness断面收缩率 contraction of cross sectional area,锻造 forge, forging, smithing多晶体 polycrystalE二次硬化secondaryhardening二元合金 binary alloy, two-component alloyF防锈的rust-proot, rust resistant非金属non-metal, nonmetal非晶态amorphous stats分子键 molecular bond分子结构molecular structure分子量molecular weight酚醛树脂bakelite, phenolic resin粉末治金 powder metallurgy粉末复合材料 particulate composite腐蚀corrosion, corrode, etch, etching腐蚀剂corrodent, corrosive, etchant复合材料 composite materialG感应淬火 inductionquenching刚度 rigidity, stiffness钢 steel钢板steel plate钢棒 steel bar钢锭 steel ingot钢管steel tube, steel pipe钢丝 steel wire钢球 steel ball杠杆定理 lever rule, lever principle高分子聚合物 high polymer, superpolymer高合金钢 high alloy steel高锰钢 high manganess steel高频淬火 high frequency quenching高速钢 high speed steel ,quick-cutting steel 高碳钢 high-carbon steel高碳马氏体 high carbon martensite高弹态 elastomer高温回火high tempering各向同性 isotropy各向异性 anisotropy, anisotropism工程材料 engineering material工具钢 tool steel工业纯铁 industrial pure iron工艺 technology共价键covalent bond共晶体 eutectic共晶反应 eutectic reaction共析体 eutectoid共析钢eatectoid steel功能材料 functional materials固溶处理 solid solution treatment固溶强化 solution strengthening固溶体 solid solution固相 solid phase光亮热处理 bright heat treatment滚珠轴承钢ball bearing steel过饱和固溶体 supersaturated solid solution过共晶合金 hypereutectic alloy过共析钢 hypereutectoid steel过冷over-cooling, supercooling过冷奥氏体 supercooled austenite过冷度 degree of supercooling过热 overheat, superheatH焊接 welding, weld航空材料 aerial material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合金钢 alloy steel合金化alloying合金结构钢 structural alloy steel黑色金属 ferrous metal红硬性 red hardness滑移 slip, glide滑移方向 glide direction, slip direction滑移面glide plane, slip plane滑移系 slip system化合物 compound化学气相沉积 chemical vapour eposition (CVD) 化学热处理 chemical heat treatmentJ基体 matrix机械混合物 mechanical mixture机械性能 mechanical property激光热处理 heat treatment with a laser beam激光 laser激光熔凝 laser melting and consolidation激光表面硬化 surface hardening by laser beam 加工硬化 work hardening加热 heating胶粘剂 adhesive结构材料 structural material结晶 crystallize, crystallization结晶度 crystallinity金属材料 metal material金属化合物 metallic compound金属键 metallic bond金属组织 metal structure金属结构 metallic framework金属塑料复合材料 plastimets金属塑性加工 metal plastic?working金属陶瓷 metal ceramic金相显微镜 metallographic microscope, metalloscope 金相照片 metallograph晶胞cell晶格crystal lattice晶格常数 lattice constant晶格空位 lattice vacancy晶粒 crystal grain晶粒度 grain size晶粒细化 grain refining晶体结构 crystal structure聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethy lene (PTFE)聚合度 degree of polymerization聚合反应 polymerization绝热材料 heat-insulating material绝缘材料 insulating materialK抗拉强度tensile strength抗压强度 compression strength颗粒复合材料 particle composite扩散 diffusion, diffuseL老化 aging莱氏体 ledeburite冷变形 cold deformation冷加工 cold work, cold working冷却 cool, cooling冷作硬化 cold hardening离子 ion粒状珠光体 granular pearlite连续转变曲线continuous cooling transformation(CCT) curve 孪晶 twin crystal孪生 twinning, twin螺旋位错 helical dislocation洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardnessM马氏体 martensite (M)密排六方晶格 close-packed xagonal lattice (C.P.H.)面心立方晶格 face-centred cubic lattice (F.C.C.)摩擦 friction磨损 wear, abrade, abrasion模具钢 die steelMf 点 martensite finishing pointMs点 martensite starting pointN纳米材料 nanostructuredmaterials耐磨钢 wear-resisting steel耐磨性 wearability, wear resistance耐热钢 heat resistant steel , high temperature steel内耗 internal friction内应力 internal stress尼龙 nylon粘弹性 viscoelasticity凝固 solidify, solidification扭转强度 torsional strength扭转疲劳强度 torsional fatigue strengthP泡沫塑料 foamplastics, expanded plastics配位数 coordination number喷丸硬化 shot-peening疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳寿命 fatigue life片状马氏体 lamellar martensite, plate type martensite普通碳钢 ordinary steel, plain carbon steelQ气体渗碳 gas carburizing切变 shear切削 cut, cutting切应力 shearing stress球化退火 spheroidizing annealing球墨铸铁 nodular graphite cast iron, spheroidal graphitecast iron 球状珠光体 globular pearlite屈服强度 yielding strength, yield strength屈强比 yielding-to-tensile ratio屈氏体 troolstite (T)去应力退火 relief annealingR热处理 heat treatment热加工 hot work, hot working热喷涂 thermal spraying热固性 thermosetting热塑性 hot plasticity热硬性 thermohardening柔顺性 flexibility人工时效 artificial ageing刃具 cutting tool刃型位错 edge dislacation, blade dislocation韧性 toughness溶质 solute溶剂 solvent蠕变 creep蠕墨铸铁 quasiflake graphite cast iron软氮化 soft nitridingS扫描电镜 scanning electronmicroscope (SEM)上贝氏体 upper bainite渗氮 nitriding渗硫 sulfurizing渗碳 carburizing, carburization渗碳体 cementite (Cm)失效 failure石墨 graphite (G)时间-温度转变曲线 time temperaturetransformation (TTT) curve 时效硬化 age-hardening实际晶粒度 actual grain size使用寿命 service life使用性能 usability树枝状晶 dendrite树脂 resin双金属 bimetal, duplex metal水淬 water quenching, water hardening, water quench松弛 relax , relaxation塑料 plastics塑性 plasticity, ductility塑性变形 plastic deformation索氏体 sorbite (S)T弹簧钢 spring steel弹性 elasticity, spring弹性变形 elastic deformation弹性极限 elastic limit弹性模量 elastic modulus碳素钢 carbon steel碳含量 carbon content碳化物 carbide碳素工具钢 carbon tool steel陶瓷 ceramic陶瓷材料 ceramic material体心立方晶格 body-centered cubic lattice (B.C. C.)体型聚合物 three-dimensional polymer调质处理 quenching and tempering调质钢 quenched and tempered steel铁碳平衡图 iron-carbon equilibrium diagram透明(结晶)陶瓷 crystalline ceramics同素异构转变 allotropic transformation涂层 coat, coating退火 anneal, annealing托氏体 troostite (T)W弯曲 bend, bending完全退火 full annealing微观组织 microstructure维氏硬度 Vickers hardness未经变质处理的 uninoculated温度 temperature无定形的 amorphous物理气相沉积 physical vapour deposition (PVD)X下贝氏体 lower bainite线型聚合物 linear polymer纤维 fibre, fiber纤维增强复合材料 filament reinforced composite显微照片 metallograph,microphotograph, micrograph 显微组织 microscopic structure, microstructure橡胶 rubber相 phase相变 phase transition相图 phase diagram消除应力退火 stress relief annealing形状记忆合金 Shape memory alloys形变 deformation性能 performance, propertyX射线结构分析 X-ray structural analysisY压力加工 press work亚共晶铸铁 hypoeutectic cast iron亚共析钢 hypoeutectoid steel氧化物陶瓷 oxide ceramics延伸率 elongation percentage盐溶淬火 salt both quenching液相 liquid phase应变 strain应力 stress应力场强度因子 stress intensity factror应力松弛 relaxation of stress硬质合金 carbide alloy, hard alloy油淬 oil quenching, oil hardening有机玻璃 methyl-methacrylate, plexiglass 有色金属 nonferrous metal匀晶 uniform grain孕育处理 inoculation, modificationZ再结晶退火 recrystallization annealing载荷 load增强塑料 reinforced plastics针状马氏体 acicular martensite正火 normalize, normalization致密度 tightness支化型聚合物 branched polymer智能材料 intelligent materials中合金钢 medium alloy steel轴承钢 bearing steel轴承合金 bearing alloy珠光体 pearlite (P)柱状晶体 columnar crystal铸造 cast , foundry自然时效 natural ageing自由能 free energy组元 component, constituent组织 structureα钛合金αtitanium alloy— END —高考是我们人生中重要的阶段，我们要学会给高三的自己加油打气。