医学英语慢性阻塞性肺疾病
医学英语 慢性阻塞性肺疾病
• He had always been coughing with sputum during the past thirty years and tended to getting worse over recent five years, with breathlessness developing. • 病人近 30 年来一直有咳嗽、咳痰，近5年 来有所加重，伴气急。
• Chief Physician: When was the pulmonary function done? • 主任医师：肺功能是什么时候做的? • Intern (Dr. Grey): ( Looking through the chart ) Er... 6 months ago. • 实习医师：（翻看病历）嗯，6个月前。
医学英语
Bozhou People´s Hospital Rheumtology and immunology department 张玉慧
Bedside teaching
• Bedside teaching is seen as one of the most important modalities in teaching a variety of skills for the medical profession, which greatly improves certain clinical diagnostic skills in medical students and residents.
• Chief Physician: Good morning, Mr. Black. l'm Dr. Clark. I suppose you were all well until this outbreak, weren't you?
医学英语--诊断(疾病英文名称)[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases)]
![医学英语--诊断(疾病英文名称)[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases)]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/3f07b61cfad6195f312ba6f7.png)
诊断（疾病名称）[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases)]•病因诊断[pathogenic diagnosis (diagnosis of etiology)]•病理解剖诊断[diagnosis of pathological anatomy]•病理生理诊断[diagnosis of pathological physiology]•并发症[complication]•合并症（伴发疾病）[accompanying diseases](1)心内科疾病[heart d iseases]•cardiac insufficiency (heart failure)[心功能不全（心衰）] •cardiogenic (hypovolemic, septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic) shock[心原性（低血容量性，感染性，过敏性，神经原性）休克]•sinus tachycardia (bradycardia, arrhythmia, arrest)[窦性（心动过速，心动过缓，心律不齐，停搏）] •sinus rhythm[窦性心律]•sick si nus syndrome(SSS)[病窦综合征]•Adams –stokes syndrome[阿-斯综合征]•junctional (ventricular) escape beat[交界性（室性）逸搏]•escape rhythm[逸搏心律]•left atrial rhythm[左房心律]•chaotic atrial rhythm[房性紊乱心律]•wandering rhythm[游走心律]•premature atrial(ventricular, junctional) beats[房性（室性，交界性）早搏]•multifocal (multimorphic)[多源性（多形性）]•bigeminy (trigeminy)[二（三）联律]•paroxysmal atrial (supraventricular, ventricular) tachycardia[阵发性房性（室上性，室性）心动过速] •sustained ventricular tachycardia[持续性室速]•sinus nodal reentrant tachycardia[窦房结折返性心动过速]•To rsade de pointes (TDP)[尖端扭转型室速]•A-V(A-V nodal)reentrant tachycardia[房室（房室结）折返性心动过速]•atrial flutter (fibrillation)[房扑（颤）]•ventricular flutter (fibrillation)[室扑（颤）]•sino-auricular (intra-auricular, intra-ventricular)block[窦房（房内，室内）传导阻滞]•first (second, third) degree atrioventricular (A-V)block[I（II、III）度房室传导阻滞]•second degree, type I(II) A-V block[II度I（II）型房室传导阻滞]•Wenckebach phenomena[文氏现象]•Mobitz type I(II)[莫氏I（II）型]•complete (incomplete) left (right) bundle branch block[完全性（不完全性）左（右）束支传导阻滞] •advance d (high grade) A-V block[高度房室传导阻滞]•left anterior (posterior) fascicular block[左前（后）分支阻滞]•type A(B) wolff-parkinson-white syndrome (pre-excitation syndrome)[A（B）型预激（W-P-W）综合征] •Lown-Ganong-Levime (L-G-L) syndrome[L-G-L综合征（短P-R综合征）]•accelerated idioventri cular (idiojunctional) rhythm[加速性室性（交界性）自主心律]•ectopic (junctional, reciprocal) rhythm[异位（交界性，反复）心律]•ventricular hypertrophy[心室肥厚]•left(right) atrial enlargement[左（右）房扩大]•idiopathic[特发性]•interfering atrioventricular dissociation[干扰性房室分离]•Brugada syndr ome [Brugada 综合征]•cardiac arrest (sudden death)[心脏骤停（猝死）]•acute rheumatic fever [急性风湿热]•rheumatic carditis[风湿性心脏炎]•chorea[舞蹈病]•rheumatic heart disease[风湿性心脏病]•multivalve disease[多瓣膜病]•valvular heart disease[心瓣膜病]•mitral(aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) stenosis[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，肺动肪瓣，三尖瓣）狭窄] •mitral (aortic, tricuspid) regurgitation(insufficiency)[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，三尖瓣）反流（关闭不全）] •coronary artery (heart) disease[冠心病]•acute coronary syndrome [急性冠脉综合征]•acute (old) myocardial infarction (MI)[急性（陈旧性）心肌梗死]•Q wave (non-Q wave) MI[Q波（非Q波）心梗]•unstable (stable) angina pectoris[不稳定（稳定）型心绞痛]•cardiogenic sudden death[心源性猝死]•initial onset angina peotoris[初发型心绞痛]•angina decubitus[卧位型心绞痛]•variant angina pectoris[变异型心绞痛]•intermediate syndrome [中间综合症]•post-infarction angina pectoris[梗死后心绞痛]•congenital heart disease[先天性心脏病]•pulmonary (aortic) stenosis[肺（主）动脉狭窄]•coartation of aorta[主动脉缩窄]•idiopathic (primary) pulmonary hypertension [原发性肺动脉高压]•persistent left superior vena cava[左侧上腔静脉永存]•superior vena caval obstruction syndrom e[上腔静脉阻塞综合征]•dextro cardia[右位心]医学全.在线.网.站.提供•marfan`s syndrome [马凡氏综合征]•atrial (ventricular) septal defect(ASD/VSD)[房（室）间隔缺损]•patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)[动脉导管未闭]•single atrium (ventricle)[单心房（室）]•endocardial cushion defect[心内膜垫缺损]•aortic sinus an eurysm[主动脉窦瘤]•coronary arteritis[冠状动脉炎]•coronary artery fistula[冠状动脉瘘]•malformation of coronary artery[冠状动脉畸形]•coronary arteriovenous fistula[冠状动静脉瘘]•tetralogy(trilogy) of Fallot[法乐氏四（三）联征]•complete (corrected) transposition of great vessels[完全性（纠正型）大血管转位]•double-outlet of right ventricle [右室双出口]•partial (complete) anomalous pulmonary venous drainage[部分（完全）性肺静脉畸形引流] •Eisenmenger (Ebstein) syndrome[艾生曼格综合征（埃勃斯坦畸形）]•persistent trumcus arteriosus[永存主动脉干]•congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula[先天性肺动静脉瘘]•primary (secondary) hypertension [原发（继发）性高血压]•hypertensive crisis (urgencies, emergencies)[高血压危象（急诊）]•hypertensive nephropathy (papillo-retinopathy, cerebral hemorrhage)[高血压性肾病（视乳头-视网膜病，脑出血）]•acute (subacute) becterial endocarditis[急（亚急）性细菌性心内膜炎]•infective endocarditis[感染性心内膜炎]•acute (chronic) cor pulmonale[急（慢）性肺原性心脏病]•chronic pulmonary heart disease[慢性肺心病]•acute (chronic) pericarditis [急（慢）性心包炎]•constrictive pericarditis[缩窄性心包炎]•purulent (tuberculous) pericarditis[化脓(结核)性心包炎]•syphilitic heart disease[梅毒性心脏病]•acute viral myocarditis [急性病毒性心肌炎]•primary (specific) cardiomyopathy[原发（特异）性心肌病]•dilated (hypertrophic, restrictive) cardiomyopathy[扩张（肥厚，限制）型心肌病]•hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)[肥厚型梗阻性心肌病]•arrhythmogenic right ven tricula dysplasia(ARVD)[致心律失常性右室发育不全]•tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy[心动过速性心肌病]•hypertensive(alcoholic,ischemic,diabetic,peripartum,hyperthyroid )cardio- myopathy[高血压（酒精，缺血，糖尿病，围生期，甲亢）性心肌病]•drug-induced cardiomyopathy[药物性心肌病]•keshan disease[克山病]•my xoma of left atrium[左房粘液瘤]•metastatic cardiac tumor[心脏转移性肿瘤]•cardiac neurosis[心脏神经官能症]•mitral prolapse syndrome[二尖瓣脱垂综合征]•long Q-T syndrome[长QT间期综合征]•aortic (dissecting) aneurysm[主动脉（夹层动脉）瘤]•multiple (primary) arteritis of aorta and main branches[多发性大动脉炎]•Takayasu arteritis [大动脉炎（高安动脉炎）]•Raynaud disease[雷诺氏病]•systemic vasculitis[系统性血管炎]•thromboangitis obliterans[血栓闭塞性脉管炎]•deep vein thrombosis[深静脉血栓形成]•superficial thrombophlebitis[血栓性浅静脉炎]•syndrome X[X 综合征]•peripheral arteriosclerosis obliterat ion[闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化]•Churg-Strauss syndrome[变应性肉芽肿性血管炎]•radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)[射频消融术]•percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV)[经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术]•transluminal extraction catheter(TEC)[经皮腔内切吸导管]•percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation(PTSMA)[经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术]•percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)[经皮腔内冠脉成形术]•acute left-sided heart failure [急性左心衰竭]•pulmonary (lung) edema[肺水肿]•chronic heart failure[慢性心衰]•systolic (diastolic) insufficiency heart failure[收缩（舒张）功能不全性心衰]•cardiac insufficiency (NYHA I-Ⅳ)[心功能不全（I~Ⅳ级）]•intractable heart failure[顽固性（难治性）心衰]•artificial cardiac pacing[人工心脏起搏]•subclavian steal syndrome[锁骨下动脉窃血综合征]•pulselessness disease[无脉症]•myocardial bridging[肌桥]•postpericardiostomy syndrome[心脏损伤后综合征]•cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)[心肺复苏]•aortic arch syndrome[主动脉弓综合征](2)呼吸内科疾病[lung diseases]•silicosis[矽肺]•acute (chronic) bronchitis[急（慢）性支气管炎]•tracheobronchitis[气管-支气管炎]•bronchial asthma[支气管哮喘]•status asthmatics[哮喘持续状态]•bronchiectasis[支气管扩张]•upper respiratory tract infection[上呼吸道感染]•lung fibrosis[肺纤维化]•allergic airway inflammation[变应反应性气道炎症]•bacterial (viral, mycoplasma, reckettsia, radiaton) pneumonia[细菌性（病毒性，支原体，立克次体，放射性）肺炎]•community acquited pneumonia(CAP)[社区获得性肺炎]•pneumococcal (sta phylococcal, streptococcal, gram-negative bacillus) pneumonia[肺炎球菌（葡萄球菌，链球菌，革兰氏阴性杆菌）肺炎]•influenza (common cold)[流行性（普遍）感冒]•pulmonary candidiasis (aspergillosis, mucormycosis, histoplasmosis, actinomycosis, nocardiosis)[肺念球菌（曲菌、毛霉菌，组织胞浆菌，放线菌，奴长菌）病]•pulmo nary mycosis[肺真菌病]•cryptococcosis[肺隐球菌病]•lung abscess[肺脓肿]•anaphylactic pneumonia (Leoffer`s syndrome)[过敏性肺炎（吕弗琉综合征）]•extrinsic allergic alveolitis[外源性过敏性肺泡炎]•pulmonary eosinophia(eosinophilosis)[肺嗜酸粒细胞浸润症]•chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)[慢性阻塞性肺病]•obstructive pulmonary emphysema[阻塞性肺气肿]•pulmonary embolism (PE)[肺栓塞]•pulmonary vascular thrombosis [肺血管血栓形成]•pulmonary edema[肺水肿]•respiratory failure (type I/II) [呼吸衰竭（I、II型）]•adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)[成人呼吸窘迫综合征]•lung (pul monary) tuberculosis[肺结核]•miliary TB [粟粒性肺结核]•endobronchial tuberculosis[支气管内膜结核]•pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[胞泡蛋白沉积症]•pulmonary encephalopathy[肺性脑病]•sleep apnea syndrome[睡眠呼吸暂停综合征]•respiratory alkalosis (acidosis)[呼吸性碱（酸）中毒]•acute lung injury[急性肺损伤]•interstitial lung disease[间质性肺病]•dry (exudative) tuberculosis pleuritis (pleurisy)[干性（渗出性）结核性胸膜炎] •empyema[脓胸]•pleural effusion [胸腔积液]•Legionella pneumonia(LP)[军团菌肺炎]•drug-induced lung disease[药物性肺病]•sarcoidosis[结节病]•pneumothorax[气胸]•lung eosi nophilic granuloma [肺嗜酸细胞肉芽肿]•primary mediastinal tumor[原发性纵隔肿瘤]•pleural mesothelioma[胸膜间皮瘤]•primary bronchogenic carcinoma[原发性支气管肺癌]•small cell lung cancer [小细胞肺癌]•metastatic tumor (carcinoma) of lung[肺结移瘤（癌）]•lung fibroma[肺纤维瘤]•undifferentiated ca rcinoma of lung[肺未分化癌]•paraneoplastio syndrome[副癌综合征]•bronchial adenoma[支气管腺瘤]•pulmonary hamartoma[肺错构瘤]•bronchogenic cyst [支气管囊肿]•amyloidosis[淀粉样变性]•middle lobe syndrome [肺中叶综合征]•cor pulmonale[肺心病]•pueumosclerosis[肺硬化]•lober atelectasis[肺叶不张]•pu lmonary lobectomy[肺叶切除术]•pulmonary hypertension[肺高压]•angio-pneumography[肺血管造影术]•foreign body in lung[肺异物]•intratracheal foreign body[气管内异物]•hyaline membrane disease[肺透明膜病]•lung consolidation[肺实变]•lung sequestration[肺内隔离症]•tracheostomy (tracheotomy)[气管造口（切开）术]•endotracheal intubation[气管插管术](3)消化内科疾病[GI diseases]•stenosis of esophagus[食管狭窄]•esophageal atresia[食道闭锁]•esophageal and gastric varices (varicosis) [食管-胃静脉曲张]•hiatus hernia[食管裂孔疝]•diverticulum of esophagus[食管憩室]•carcinoma of esophagus[食管癌]•reflux esophagitis[反流性食管炎]•esophageal achalasia[食道贲门失弛缓症]•esophageal perforation[食管穿孔]•benign esophageal tumor[食管良性肿瘤]•esophageal mucosa erosion[食管粘膜糜烂]•esophageal polyp[食管息肉]•foreign body in esophagus[食管异物]•congenital esophageal anomaly[食管先天性畸形]•Barrett esophagus [Barrett 食管]•acute simple (corrosive, phlegmonous, hemorrhagic erosive) gastritis[急性单纯性（腐蚀性，化脓性，糜烂出血性）胃炎]•chronic superficial (atrophic,hypertrophic, erosive) gastritis[慢性浅表性（萎缩性，肥厚性，糜烂性）胃炎]•bile regurgitation gastritis[胆汁反流性胃炎]•peptic ulcer[消化性溃疡]医学全在线•gastric ulcer[胃溃疡]•prolapse of gastric mucosa[胃粘膜脱垂]•gastrinoma (zollinger-Ellison syndrome) [胃泌素瘤（卓-艾综合征）]•acute gastric dilation[急性胃扩张]•gastric retention[胃潴留]•postgastrectomy syndrome[胃切除术后综合征]•gastroduodenoscopy[胃十二指肠镜检查]•polyp of stomach (intestinal tract)[胃（肠道）息肉]•carcinoma (benign tumor, leiomyosarcoma, malignant lymphoma) of stomach[胃癌（良性肿瘤，平滑肌肉瘤，恶性淋巴瘤）]•foreign body of stomach [胃内异物]•dumping syndrom e[倾倒综合征]•late postprandial hypoglycemia[餐后低血糖症]•stomal ulcer[吻合口溃疡]•syndrome of the gastric remnant[残胃综合征]•duodenal ulcer[十二指肠溃疡]•duodenitis[十二指肠炎]•upper (lower) gastrointestinal bleeding[上（下）消化道出血]•crohn disease[克隆病]•intestinal tuberculosis[肠结核]•acute hemorrhage necrotizing enteritis[急性出血性坏死性肠炎]•intestinal malabsorption syndrome[小肠吸收不良综合征]•enteric volvulus[小肠扭转]•small intestinal (duodenal) stasis syndrome[小肠（十二指肠）淤滞综合征]•adhesion of small intestine[小肠粘连]•short bowel syndrome[短肠综合征]•malignant (benign) tumor of small intestine[小肠恶（良）性肿瘤]•carcinoid tumor (carcinoid syndrome)[类癌（类癌综合征）]•intestinal fibroma (sarcoma, diverticulum, diverticulitis)[小肠纤维瘤（肉瘤，憩室，憩室炎）] •enteritis[小肠炎]•ulcerative colitis[溃疡性结肠炎]•intestinal obstruction[肠梗阻]•carcinoma of the colon (rectum)[结（直）肠癌]•gastrointestinal neurosis[胃肠神经宫能症]•irritable bowel syndrome[肠易激综合征]•motility diarrhea [肠运动功能异常性腹泻]•functional constipation (gastrointestinal disorders)[功能性便秘（胃肠病）]•functional dyspepsia [功能性消化不良]•intestinal allergic purpu ra[小肠过敏性紫癜]•tuberculous peritonitis[结核性腹膜炎]•chronic diarrhea[慢性腹泻]•inflammatory bowel disease (diarrhea)[炎症性肠病（腹泻）]•spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)[自发性细菌性腹膜炎]•Helicobacter Pylori(HP)[幽门螺旋杆菌]•toxic magacolon [中毒性巨结肠]•acute (chronic) hepatitis[急（慢）性肝炎]•drug-induced liver disease[药物性肝病]•post hepatitis (schistosomal, alcoholic) cirrhosis[肝炎后（血吸虫性，酒精性）肝硬化] •nodular (biliary) cirrhosis[结节（胆汁）性肝硬化]•alcoholic liver disease [酒精性肝病]•primary carcinoma of the liver [原发性肝癌]•hepatocellular carcinoma[肝细胞癌]•hepatocellular jaundice[肝细胞性黄疸]•hepatic fibrosis[肝纤维化]•hepatic encephalopathy[肝性脑病]•hepatic cyst [肝囊肿]•carvernous hemangioma[海绵状血管瘤]•hepatic coma [肝性昏迷]•acute (chronic) hepatic failure [急（慢）性肝功能衰竭]•portal hypertension[门脉高压]•hepatorenal syndr ome[肝肾综合征]•liver parasitosis (abscess, aneurysm, hamartoma)[肝寄生虫病（脓肿，动脉瘤，错构瘤）] •cholecystitis[胆囊炎]•cholelithiasis[胆囊结石]•cholecystic carcinoma[胆囊癌]•cholangiohepatoma[胆管细胞癌]•cholestatic jaundice[胆汁淤积性黄疸]•pancreatic cyst(pseudocyst)[胰腺（假性）囊肿]•pancreati tis[胰腺炎]•acute necrotising (interstitial) pancreatitis[急性坏死（水肿）型胰腺炎] •pancreatic carcinoma[胰腺癌]•insulinoma (gastrinoma)[胰岛素（胃泌素）瘤]•retroperitoneal tumor(abscess)[后腹膜肿瘤（脓肿）] •hypersplenism [脾亢]•fatty liver[脂肪肝](4)神经内科疾病[neurological diseases]•optic neuritis[视神经炎]•trigeminal neuralgia[三叉神经痛]•facial neuritis[面神经炎]•meniere`s disease[美尼尔尼症]•polyneuritis[多发性神经炎]•sciatica(ischialgia)[坐骨神经痛]•garpal tunnel syndrome[腕管综合征]•acute (purulent) myelitis[急性（化脓性）脊髓炎]•syringomyelia[脊髓空洞症]•hereditary atexia[遗传性共济失调症]•compression of spinal cord[脊髓压迫症]•bifid spine[脊柱裂]•transverse injury of spinal cord[脊髓横贯性损伤]•poliomyelitis[脊髓灰质炎]•myelocyst[脊髓囊肿]•myelocele[脊髓膨出]•deformity of spine[脊柱畸形]•migraine[偏头痛]•vascular headache[血管性头痛]•headache due to muscular co ntraction[肌肉收缩性头痛] •traumatic headache[外伤性头痛]•epilepsy[癫痫]•focal seizure[局限性发作]•grand mal[大发作]•petit mal[小发作]•status epilepticus[癫痫持续状态]•transient ischemic attack(TIA)[短暂脑缺血发作]•cerebral embolism(infarction, hemorrhage)[脑栓塞（梗塞，出血）]•subarachnoid hem orrhage(SAH)[蛛网膜下腔出血]•encephalitis (encephalopathy)[脑炎（脑病）]•delayed neuropathy (encephalopathy)[迟发性神经病（脑病）]•meningitis[脑膜炎]•cerebral echinococcosis[脑包虫病]•cerebral aneurysm[脑动脉瘤]•hydrocephalus[脑积水]•cerebroma[脑瘤]•cerebromalacia[脑软化]•intracerebral he matoma[脑内血肿]•concussion of brain[脑震荡]•postconcussion syndrome[脑震荡后综合征]•neuroglioma[神经胶质瘤]•meningioma[脑膜瘤]•neurofibroma [神经纤维瘤]•neurinoma[神经鞘瘤]•brain abscess[脑脓肿]•intracranial hypertension[颅内高压]•arkinson`s disease(paralysis agitans)[帕金森氏病（震颤麻痹）]•hepatolenticular degeneration [肝豆状核变性]•athetosis[手足徐动症]•spasmodic torticollis[痉挛性斜颈]•myasthenia gravis[重症肌无力]•periodic paralysis[周期性麻痹]•progressive muscular dys trophy[进行性肌营养不良症]•Bell paralysis[贝耳氏面瘫]•chorea minor (rheumatic caorea) [小舞蹈病]•polymyositis[多发性肌炎]•inclusion body myositis[包涵体肌炎]•dermatomositis[皮肌炎]•Hypothalamus syndrome[下丘脑综合征](5)血液科疾病[hematological diseases]•iron deficiency (megaloblastic, apl astic, hemolytic) anemia[缺铁性（巨幼细胞性，再生障碍性，溶血性）贫血]•pernicious (refeactory) anemia[恶性（难治性）贫血]•paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)[阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿]•hereditary spherocytosis[遗传性球形细胞增多症]•favism[蚕豆病]医学全在线网站•thalassemia[地中海贫血]•sickle cell disease[镰刀细胞病]•methemoglobinemia[高铁血红蛋白血症]•hemolytic disease of newborn[新生儿溶血症]•autoimmune hemolytic anemia (ATH)[自身免疫性溶血性贫血]•post-hemorrhagic anemia[失血性贫血]•leukopenia (agranulocytosis)[白（粒）细胞减少（缺乏）症]•po lycythemia vera [真性红细胞增多症]•eosinophilia[嗜酸性粒细胞增多症]•hereditary spherocytosis[遗传性球形红细胞增多症]•acute (chronic) myelocytic (lymphocytic) leukemia [急（慢）性粒（淋巴）细胞性白血病] •acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL)[急性非淋巴细胞性白血病]•acute monocytic leukemia [急性单核细胞性白血病]•acu te promyelocytic leukemia[急性早幼粒细胞性白血病]•chloroma[绿色瘤]•plasma-cell(megakaryocytic) leukemia[浆（巨核）细胞性白血病]•hairy cell leukemia[多毛细胞白血病]•preleukemia[白血病前期]•leukemoid reaction[类白血病反应]•myelofibrosis[骨髓纤维化]•McCune-Albright syndrome[多发性骨纤维营养不良]•primary thro mbocythemia[原发性血小板增多症]•Hodgkin disease[何杰金氏病]•non-Hodgkin lymphoma[非何杰金氏淋巴瘤]•multiple myeloma(MM)[多发性骨髓瘤]•eosinophilic granuloma[嗜酸性肉芽肿]•malignant histiocytosis[恶性组织细胞病]•hypersplenism[脾功能亢进症]•anaphylactoid (Henoch-Schonlein) purpura[过敏性紫癜]•idiopath ic (selondary) thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)[原发（继发）性血小板减少性紫癜] •hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia[遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张] •thrombasthenia (thrombopathia)[血小板无力症（病）]•von Willebrand disease (VWD)[血管性假血友病]•hereditary (acquired) hypofibrinogenemia[遗传性（获得性）纤维蛋白原缺乏症] •disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)[弥漫性血管内凝血]•myelodysplastic syndrome[骨髓增生异常综合征]•myeloproliferation disease[骨髓增生性疾病]•osteoporosis (OP) [骨质疏松症]•heterogenous (autologous) bone marrow transplantation[异体（自体）骨髓移位] •hemapoietic stem cell (cord bl ood) transplantation (HSCT)[造血干细胞（脐血）移植] •hypercoagulable states (hypercoagulability)[高凝状态](6)肾内科疾病[nephrological diseases]•multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)[多器官功能障碍综合征]•acute renal failure pre-renal (post-renal)[肾前（后）性急性肾衰]•（non）oliguric acute renal failure[（非）少尿型急性肾衰]•acute tublar necrosis[急性肾小管坏死]•chronic renal failure[慢性肾衰]•uremia[尿毒症]•azotemia[氮质血症]•acute(chronic)nephritis(glomerulonephritis)[急性(慢性)肾炎（肾小球肾炎）]•crescentric glomerulonephritis[新月体性肾炎]•pulmonary-renal (Goodpasture )syndrome[肺出血肾炎综合征]•latent (focal) glomerulonephritis[隐匿（局灶）性肾炎]•malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis[恶性肾小动脉硬化]•rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis[急进性肾小球肾炎]•proliferative (sclerosing) glomerulonephritis[增生性（硬化性）肾炎]•mesangial proliferative (capillary) glomerulonephritis[系膜增生性（毛细血管性）肾炎] •membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis[系膜增生性肾炎]•hereditary nephritis[遗传性肾炎]•interstitial nephritis[间质性肾炎]•endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis[毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎]•tubulointerstitial nephritis[肾小管间质性肾炎]•membra nous nephropathy[膜性肾病]•nephrotic syndrome[肾病综合征]•renal artery stenosis (embolism)[肾动脉狭窄（栓塞）]•renal vein thrombosis[肾静脉血栓形成]•renal tubular acidosis[肾小管性酸中毒]•nephrogenic diabetes insipidus[肾性尿崩症]•yelonephritis [肾盂肾炎]•polycystic kidney[多囊肾]•nephrolithiasis[肾积石]•diabetic(hypertensive,lupus) nephropathy[糖尿病（高血压，狼疮）性肾病]•minimal change nephropathy[微小病变性肾病]•hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)[溶血性尿毒症综合征]（7）内分泌科疾病[endocrine diseases]•hypothalamus (empty sella) syndrome[下丘脑（空泡蝶鞍）综合征]•hypopituitarism[腺垂体功能减退症]•pituitary dwarfism[垂体性侏儒症]•hypothalamic-pituitary amenorrhea[下丘脑-垂体性闭经]•Simons (Sheenhan) disease[西蒙（席汉）氏病]•gigantism (acromegaly)[巨人（肢端肥大）症]•pituitary tumor[垂体瘤]•central diabetes insipidus[中枢性尿崩症]•adrenal crisis (acute adrenocortical hypofunction)[肾上腺危象（急性肾上腺皮质功能减退症）] •Addison’s disease(chronic adrenocortical hypofunction)[阿狄森氏病（慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症）] •congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)[先天性肾上腺皮质增生]•syndrome of i nappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)[抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征] •Cushing syndrome (hypercortisolism)[柯兴氏综合征（皮质醇增多症）]•primary (secondary) aldosteronism[原（继）发性醛固酮增多症]•pheochromocytoma[嗜铬细胞瘤]•hyperthyroidism(hypothyroidism)[甲亢（甲减）]•subclinical hype rthyroidism[亚临床甲亢]•simple (toxic diffuse, toxic multinodular) toiter[单纯性（毒性弥漫性，毒性多结节性）甲状腺肿] •autonomic hyperfunctional adenoma[自主性功能亢进性甲状腺瘤]•T3(T4)-thgrotoxicosis [T3 (T4)型甲亢]•acute (chronic lymphocytic, subacute) thyroiditis[急性（慢性淋巴细胞性，亚急性）甲状腺炎] •Hashi moto thyroiditis[桥本甲状腺炎]•thyroid adenoma (carcinoma, nodule)[甲状腺腺瘤（癌，结节）]•hyper (hypo) thyroid heart disease[甲亢（减）性心脏病]•thyrotoxic myopathy (exophthalmos,encephalopathy)[甲状腺素毒性肌病（突眼，脑病）] •thyrotoxic (parathyroid) crisis[甲状（旁）腺危象]•hyperthyroidsim crisis[甲亢危象]•hypo-(hyper-) parathyroidism[甲状旁腺功能减退（亢进）]•total (subtotal, partial) thyroidectomy[甲状腺全部（次全，部分）切除术]•goitrous cretinism[甲状腺肿呆小症]•thyreoprival tetany[甲状腺切除后手足搐搦]•premenstrual tension[经前紧张症]•menopausal syndrome[绝经期综合征]•oophoritic (ovarian) poly cyst[卵巢多发性囊肿]•pinealoma (pinealocytoma)[松果体瘤]•gynaecomastia[男性乳房发育症]•diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)[糖尿病酮症酸中毒]•diabetic hyperosmotic coma[糖尿病高渗性昏迷]•nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma[糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷]•lactic acidosis[乳酸性酸中毒]•diabetic microangiopathy (macr oangiopathy, nephropathy)[糖尿病性微血管病变（大血管病变，肾病）] •hypoglycemia[低血糖症]•glucagonoma[胰高糖素瘤]•β-cell tumor of pancrease islet[胰岛β细胞瘤]•insulinoma [胰岛素瘤]•hepatogenous (alcoholic, reactive, drug-induced) hypoglycemia[肝源性（酒精性，反应性，药物性）低血糖]•insulin resistance syndr ome[胰岛素抵抗综合征]•obesity[肥胖症]•glycogen storage disease[糖原累积病]•xanthoma[黄色瘤]•gout (hyperuricemia) [痛风（高尿酸血症）]•porphyria [血卟啉病]•hemochromatosis[血色病]•amyloidosis[淀粉样变性]•osteoporosis[骨质疏松]•hyperlipoproteinemia[高脂蛋白血症]•hypercholesterolemia[高胆固醇血症]•hyper triglyceridemia[高甘油三酯血症]•hyperlipemia[高脂血症]•rheumatoid arthritis[类风湿性关节炎]•still disease[幼年型类风关]•Felty (Reiter) syndrome[弗尔提（赖特尔）综合征]•systemic (discoid) lupus erythematosus (SLE/DLE)[系统性（盘型）红斑狼疮] •dermatomyositis[皮肌炎]•systemic vasculitis[系统性血管炎]•Sjog ren`s syndrome [干燥综合征]•ankylosing spondylitis[强直性脊柱炎]•seronegative spondyloarthropathy[血清阴性脊柱关节病]•scleroderma[硬皮病]•polyarteritis[结节性多动脉炎]•Wegener`s granulomatosis[韦格纳肉芽肿]•candidiasis-endocrinopathy syndrome[念珠菌-内分泌病综合征] •abnormal glucose tolerance[糖耐量异常]•psoriatic arthritis[银屑病关节炎](8)精神病科疾病[psychosis]•mental disturbance[精神障碍]•general paralysis of insanity[麻痹性痴呆]•infective (toxic, physical) psychosis[感染性（中毒性，躯体性）精神病] •somopsychosis[躯体性精神病]•senile (presenile) dementia [老年性（老年前期）痴呆]•Traumatic ps ychosis [外伤性精神病]•schizophrenia[精神分裂症]•menic-depression (affective psychosis)[狂躁抑郁症（情感性精神病）] •involutional melancholia[更年期忧郁症]•menopausal syndrome[更年期综合征]•reactive (psychogenic) psychosis[反应性（心因性）精神病]•paranoid psychosis (paranoia, paranoid)[偏执性精神病（偏执狂，类偏执狂）] •neurosis (nervous exhausation) [神经官能症（神经衰弱）]•anxiety (obsession) [焦虑（强迫）症]•hysteria[癔症]医学全在线网站•mental retardation (obigophrenia)[精神发育不全]•offective disorder[情感障碍]•anorexia nervosa[神经性厌食]•anxious mania[焦虑性躁狂]•aquaphobia[恐水症]•concussion of brain[脑震荡]•dilirious mania[谵妄性躁狂]•organic (inborn, traumatic) dementia[器质性（先天性，外伤性）痴呆]•fugue[神游症]•fetishism[恋物癖]•exhibitionism[露阴癖]•voyeurism[窥淫癖]•transvestism[易装癖]•pica[异食症]•schizoid pe rsonality[人格分裂](9)皮肤科疾病[skin diseases]•contact (autosensitive, allergic, seborreic, atopic, diaper, infections eczematoid, light sensitive) dermatitis[接触性（自身致敏性，过敏性，脂溢性，遗传过敏性，尿布，传染性湿疹样，光敏性）皮炎] •eczema[湿疹]•acute (chronic) urticaria[急（慢）性荨麻疹]•papular u rticaria[丘疹性荨麻疹]•cold (factitial, pressure, solar) urticaria[冷性（人工性，压迫性，日光性）荨麻疹] •dermatographism[皮肤划痕症]•angioedema[血管性水肿]•dermatomyositis[皮肌炎]•discoid (systemic) lupus erythematosus[盘状（系统性）红斑狼疮]•foot and mouth disease[口蹄病]•drug eruption[药疹]•common warts (verruca planae, condyloma acuminata)[寻常（扁平，尖锐湿）疣]•herpes simplex[单纯疱疹]•herpes zoster[带状疱疹]•impetigo bullosa[大疱性脓疱疮]•impetigo vulgaris[寻常脓疱疮]•folliculitis[毛囊炎]•furuncle[疖]•leprosy[麻风病]•skin tuberculosis[皮肤结核]•erysipelas (erysipeloid) [（类）丹毒]•candidiasis[念珠菌病]•tinea capitis(corporis, cruris, manus, pedis, versicolor)[头（体，股，手，足，甲）癣]•primary (secondary, tertiary) syphilis[一（二、三）期梅毒]•acquired (congenital) syphilis[获得（先天）性梅毒]•scabies[疥疮]•bee sting[蜂螫]•mite dermatitis[螨皮炎]•gaterpillar derma titis[毛虫皮炎]•pruritus[瘙痒症]•neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎]•psoriasis [银屑病]•erythema multiform[多形性红斑]•lichen planus[扁平苔癣]•solar dermatitis[日光皮炎]•miliaria rubra[痱子]•pernio[冻疮]•clavus (callus)[鸡眼（胼胝）]•rhagadia manus et pedis[手足皲裂]•radiodermatitis[放射性皮炎]•ich thyosis[鱼鳞病]•keratoderma (keratosis)[角化病]•erythema nodosum[结节性红斑]•allergic purpura[过敏性紫癜]•circumscribed (diffuse) scleroderma[局限（弥漫）性硬皮病]•mixed connective tissue disease[混合性结缔组织病]•pemphigus (pemphigoid) [(类)天疱疮]•acne[痤疮]•rosacea[酒渣鼻]•anhidrosis (dyshidrosis, hyperhidrosis, bromidrosis)[无汗症（出汗不良，多汗症，腋臭）] •canities[白发]•alopecia areata (totalis)[斑（全）秃]•freckles (chloasma) [雀（黄褐）斑]•vitiligo [白癜疯]•nevus pigmentosus[色素痣]•mixed (intradermal) naevus [混合（皮内）痣]•hemangioma cavernosum[海锦状血管瘤]•leukoplak ia[粘膜白斑]•squamous cell carcinome in situ [原位癌]•aget`s disease[湿疹样癌]•basal cell carcinoma[基底细胞癌]•granuloma[肉芽肿]•squamous cell carcinoma[鳞状细胞癌]•allergic (nodula r, systemic) vasculitis[过敏（结节，系统）性血管炎]•ulcer [溃疡]医学全在.线提供•tuberous sclerosis[结节性硬化症]•thrush [鹅口疮]•Behcet`s syndrome[白塞（口-眼-生殖器）综合征]•sunburn[晒斑]•steatocystoma multiplex[多发性皮脂囊肿]•roseola[玫瑰疹]•pretibial myxedema[胫前粘液性水肿]•paronychia[甲沟炎]•melasma[黄褐斑]•lipoid proteinosis[类脂蛋白沉积症]•livedo reticularis[网状青斑]•hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia[遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症]•hirsutism (hypotrichosis)[多（少）毛症](10)传染科疾病[infectious diseases]•healthy (chronic, permanent, temporary) carrier[健康（慢性，终身，暂时）带菌者]•bacteremia (septicemia, pyemia, toxemia)[菌（败，脓毒，毒）血症]•septic shock [感染性休克]•upper respiratory infection (influenza, common cold)[上呼吸道感染（流感，普通感冒）]•viral myocarditis (pneumonia)[病毒性心肌炎（肺炎）]•double (cross, general) infection[双重（交叉，全身）感染]•chickenpox (varicella)[水痘]•r ubella (German mealses)[风疹]•measles[麻疹]•smallpox (variola)[天花]•herpes simplex (zoster)[单纯（带状）疱疹]•infectious lymphocytosis [传染性淋巴细胞增多症]•infectious mononucleosis[传染性单核细胞增多症]•acute viral (chronic persistent, fulminant, chronic, chronic active) hepatitis[急性病毒性（慢性迁延性，暴发性，慢性，慢性活动性）肝炎]•icteric (anicteric) hepatitis[（非）黄疸型肝炎]•viral hepatitis type A(B,C,D,E,non A and non B)[甲（乙，丙，丁，戊，非甲非乙）型肝炎] •Dengue (Dengue hemorrhagic, epidemic hemorrhagic) fever[登革（登革出血，流行性出血）热] •relapsing (rat-bite)fever[回归（鼠咬）热]•Q (ye llow, lassa ,scarlet) fever [Q （黄，拉沙，猩红）热]•rabbit fever (tularemia)[ 兔热病]•foot-mouth disease[口蹄病]•forest (influenzal) encephalitis[森林（流感性）脑炎]•panencephalitis[全脑炎]•epidemic encephalitis B[流行性乙脑]•poliomyelitis[脊髓灰质炎]•meningitis[脑膜炎]•epidemic myalgia[流行性肌痛]•viral (human rotaviral) enteritis[病毒性（人轮状病毒性）肠炎]•epidemic parotitis (mumps)[流行性腮腺炎]•roseola infantum [婴儿玫瑰疹]•infantile diarrhea[婴儿腹泻]•rabies (hydrophobia) [狂犬病（恐水症）]•scrub typhus (tsatsugamushi disease)[恙虫病]•acute streptococcal tonsillitis[急性链球菌性扁桃体炎]•pertussis (whooping cough)[百日咳]•laryngeal (pharyngeal) diphtheria [喉（咽）白喉]•cholera[霍乱]•bacillary dysentery[菌痢]•anthrax[炭疽病]•anaerobic infection[厌氧菌感染]•kuru[库鲁病]•leptospirosis[钩端螺旋体病]•mycoplasma pneumonia[支原体肺炎]•syphilis[梅毒]•Lyme diseas e[莱姆病]•rickettsia disease[立克次体病]•epidemic (endemic) typhus[流行（地方）性斑疹伤寒]•typhoid (paratyphoid) [伤寒（副伤寒）]•botulism[肉毒中毒]•bacterial food poisoning[细菌性食物中毒]•plague [ 鼠疫]•tetanus[破伤风]•leprosy[麻风]•trachoma [沙眼]•yaws[雅司]•pulmonary (bronchial, lymph nod e, intestinal, liver, renal, skin) tuberculosis[肺（支气管，淋巴结，肠，肝，肾，皮肤）结核]•tuberculous peritonitis (meningitis, pleurisy)[结核性腹膜（脑膜，胸膜）炎]•aspergillosis[曲霉菌病]•deep candidiasis[深部念珠菌病]•cryptococcosis[隐球菌病]•mucormycosis[毛霉菌病]•mycosis[真菌病]•tinea[癣]•actinomy cosis[放射菌病]•amebic liver abscess[阿米巴肝脓肿]•intestinal amebiasis[阿米巴肠病]•malaria[疟疾]•kala-azar[黑热病]•schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]•fasciolopsiasis[姜片虫病]•paragonimiasis[肺吸虫病]•taeniasis[绦虫病]•cysticercosis[囊虫病]•echinococciasis[包虫病]•filariasis[丝虫病]•ascariasis[蛔虫病]•enterobiasis[蛲虫病]•trichuriasis[鞭虫病](11)普外科疾病[surgical diseases]•furuncle (carbuncle)[疖（痈）]•cellulitis (abscess)[蜂窝织炎（脓肿）]•lymphangitis (lymphadenitis)[淋巴管（结）炎]•paronychia[甲沟（周）炎]•subungual abscess[甲下脓肿]•tenosynovitis[腱鞘炎]•dry (moist,gas) gan grene[干（湿，气）性坏疽]•necrosis (ulcer)[坏死（溃疡）]•sinus (fistula)[窦道（瘘）]•wart (cyst)[疣（囊肿）]•fibroma (neurofibrom)[（神经）纤维瘤]•imperforatus (atresia)[闭锁]•stenosis[狭窄]•dipoma (hemangioma)[脂肪（血管）瘤]•nevus (melanoma)[黑痣（黑色素瘤）]•thyroglossal cyst [甲状舌骨囊肿]•tubercul osis of cervical lymph node[颈淋巴结结核]•thyroid adenoma (carcinoma)[甲状腺腺瘤（癌）]•nodular goiter[结节性甲状腺肿]•tracheo-esophageal fistula[气管-食管瘘]•esophageal atresia (cicatricial stricture of esophagus) [食管闭锁（疤痕性狭窄）]医学全.在线.网.站.提供•esophageal adenoma (polyp,fibroma,leiomyoma)[食管腺瘤（息肉，纤维瘤，平滑肌瘤）]•carcinoma of esophagus[食管癌]•cyst of sebaceous gland[皮脂腺囊肿]•fibrosarcoma [纤维肉瘤]•adenocarcinoma[腺癌]•direct (indirect) inguinal herina[腹股沟直（斜）疝]•femoral (umbilical,incisional, internal)hernia[股（脐，切口，腹内）疝] •acute (tubercu lous) peritonitis[急性（结核性）腹膜炎]•subphrenic (pelvis) abscess[膈下（盆腔）脓肿]•retroperitoneal abscess(tumor)[后腹膜脓肿（肿瘤）]•abscess of iliac fossa[髂窝脓肿]•torsion of omentum [大网膜扭转]•gastric (duodenal) ulcer[胃（十二指肠）溃疡]•acute perforation (massive hemorrhage)[急性穿孔（大出血）]•pyloric obstruction[幽门梗阻]•polyp (adenoma, papilloma, carcinoma) of stomach[胃息肉（腺瘤，乳头状腺瘤，癌）]•gastric sarcoma[胃肉瘤]•acute dilatation of stomach [急性胃扩张]•ulcerative colitis [溃疡性结肠炎]•acute necrotizing enteritis [急性坏死性肠炎]•adhesive (adynamic, complete, incomplete, high ,low, mechanical,。
呼吸内&急诊科英语
呼吸1——肺炎pneumonia[nju(:)'məunjə] 肺炎lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎lobular pneumonia （bronchopneumonia）小叶性肺炎（支气管肺炎）interstitial pneumonia 间质性肺炎Community Acquired Pneumonia （CAP）社区获得性肺炎（院外）Hospital Acquired Pneumonia （HAP）/ nosocomial pneumonia 医院获得性肺炎（院内）protected specimen brush（PBS ) 保护性毛刷bronchial alveolar lavage（BAL) 支气管肺泡灌洗Pneumococcal/Streptococcus[ˌstreptəu'kɔkəs] pneumonia 肺炎球菌肺炎Staphylococcal[ˌstæfiləʊ'kɔkəl]/Klebsiella pneumonia 葡萄球菌肺炎/克雷白杆菌肺炎Staphylococcus aureus/epidermis 金黄色葡萄球菌/表皮葡萄球菌Anaerobic[æneə'rəubik]/Legionaires[ˌli:dʒə'nɛə] pneumonia厌氧菌所致肺炎/军团菌肺炎Mycoplasma [ˌmaikəu'plæzmə]支原体RSV（respiratory syncytial virus）呼吸道合体细胞病毒HSV（herpes simplex virus）单纯疱疹病毒rhinovirus[ˌrainəu'vaiərəs] 鼻病毒contagious[kən'teidʒəs] adj. 传染性的,会蔓延的,会传播的Malaise[mæ'leiz] n. 不舒服、不适呼吸2——COPDChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) 慢性阻塞性肺疾病comorbidity伴随疾病sputum['spju:təm] 痰spirometry[ˌspaiə'rɔmitri] 肺活量测定法dyspnea[dis'pni:ə] 呼吸困难rhinitis[rai'naitis] 鼻炎exacerbation[eksˌæsə(:)'beiʃən] 恶化，加剧Smoking cessation 戒烟SABA/LABA 短效/长效β2受体激动剂Ipratropium 异丙托溴胺Tiotropium Bromide 噻托溴铵Aminophylline 氨茶碱Pressurized metered-dose inhalers（pMDI）气雾剂Dry powder inhalers （DPI）干粉剂Nebulizer['nebjulaizə]雾化器NIPPV 无创性间断正压通气呼吸3——支气管哮喘bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 全球性哮喘防治建议polygenic inheritance多基因遗传atopy特应症allergy 变态反应immediate asthmatic response（IAR）速发型哮喘反应LAR 迟发型哮喘反应OAR 双相型哮喘反应inflammation in the airway 气道炎症airway hyperresponsiveness（AHR）气道高反应性non-adrenergic -non-cholinergic （NANC）非肾上腺素非胆碱能cough variant asthma（CVA）咳嗽变异性哮喘acute exacerbation 急性发作期chronic persistent period 慢性持续期relievable period 缓解期aspirin induced asthma阿司匹林哮喘exercise-induced asthma（EIA）运动性哮喘cardiac asthma 心源性哮喘bronchogenic carcinoma 支气管肺癌呼吸4——肺结核Pulmonary['pʌlmənəri] tuberculosis [tju,bə:kju'ləusis] 肺结核Mycobacterium [,maikəubæk'tiəriəm] tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌NTM（nontuberculous mycobacterium）非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium Bovis 牛型分枝杆菌M.africanum 非洲分支杆菌M.microti 田鼠分枝杆菌cording ['kɔ:diŋ] factor ['fæktə]索状因子drug resistant 耐药mutation 突变selection 诱导CMI （cell mediated immunity）细胞介导免疫反应DTH （delay type hypersensitivity）迟发型变态反应tuberculosis empyema [empi'i:mə] 结核性脓胸PPD（purified protein derivative [di'rivətiv]）纯蛋白衍生物INH（Isoniazid [,aisəu'naiəzid]）异烟肼RFP（rifampin [rai'fæmpin]）利福平SM（streptomycin [streptə'maisin]）链霉素PZA（pyrazinamide[,pirə'zinəmaid]）吡嗪酰胺EMB（ethambutol [eθ'æmbjʊtɔl]）已胺丁醇PAS（para-aminosalicylic acid）对氨基水杨酸DOT（Directly Observed Therapy）全程督导/管理BCG（bacillus Calmette-Guérin）卡介苗呼吸5——特发性肺间质纤维化Idiopathic [ˌidiəˈpæθik] pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)特发性肺间质纤维化interstitial lung disease(ILD)间质性肺病Diffuse parenchymal lung disease(DPLD) 弥漫性肺实质性肺病Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia [nju(:)'məunjə] （IIP）特发性间质性肺炎Usual interstitial pneumonia（UIP）普通间质性肺炎Acute interstitial pneumonia（AIP）急性间质性肺炎Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia（NSIP）非特异性间质性肺炎Bronchiolitis [ˌbrɔŋkiəuˈlaitis] obliterans with organizing pneumonia(BOOP或BOD)闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Desquamative [diˈskwæmətiv] interstitial pneumonia（DIP）脱屑性间质性肺病Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia（LIP）淋巴样间质性肺病Giant cell interstitial pneumonia（GIP）巨细胞性间质性肺病Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease（RBILD）呼吸细支气管炎性间质性肺疾病cryptogenic [ˌkriptəuˈdʒenik] fibrosing pneumonia隐源性机化性肺炎sarcoidosis [ˌsɑ:kɔiˈdəusis] 结节病Transbronchial Lung Biopsy（TBLB）支气管肺活检Bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) 支气管肺泡灌洗Goodpasture’s syndrome肺出血肾炎综合征Surfactant 肺泡表面活性物质ANA 抗核抗体RF 类风湿因子呼吸6——肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism[ˌθrɔmbəuˈembəlizm]（PTE）肺血栓栓塞pulmonary embolism (PE)肺栓塞pulmonary infarction肺梗死venous thromboembolism （VTE）静脉血栓栓塞症deep venous thrombosis（DVT）深静脉血栓形成CT pulmonary arteriography[ɑ:ˌtiəriˈɔɡrəfi]肺部CT肺动脉造影MRPA核磁动脉造影PAA肺动脉造影ultrasonic cardiogram （UCG）超声心动图Pulmonary Ventilation-perfusion scanning肺通气灌注显像Antithrombin [ˌæntiˈθrɔmbin] III抗凝血酶IIITissue-type plasminogen activator(TPA)组织纤溶酶原激活物recombinant [riˈkɔmbinənt] tissue-type plasminogen activator（rt-PA重组组织纤溶酶原激活物streptokinase [ˌstreptəuˈkaineis,-neiz,-ˈki-]（SK）链激酶urokinase ˌjuərəuˈkaineis]（UK）尿激酶activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）活化部分凝血活酶时间prothrombin time （PT）凝血酶原时间INR 国际标准化比值platelet activating factors（PAF）血小板活化因子platelet-derived growth factor（PDGF）血小板衍生生长因子endothelium derived relaxing factor（EDRF）内皮细胞衍生舒张因子dyspnea [disˈpni:ə]呼吸困难hemoptysis [hiˈmɔptisis]喀血anticardiolipin [ˈæntikɑ:diəˈlipin] antibody syndrome抗心磷脂抗体综合征Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test （VDRL）性病研究实验室试验Impedance plethysmography [pliθizˈmɔɡrəfi] (IPG) 下肢阻抗体积描记术呼吸7——肺癌Lung cancer肺癌Primary bronchogenic carcinoma原发性支气管肺癌Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)小细胞肺癌Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)非小细胞肺癌Squamous cell carcinoma鳞癌Adenocacinoma腺癌Large cell carcinoma大细胞癌Adenosquamous carcinoma腺鳞癌Bronchoalveolar carcinoma细支气管肺泡癌Horner symdromePancoast癌Paraneoplastic symdromes副癌综合征Carcinoid ['kɑ:siˌnɔid] 类癌综合征呼吸8——呼吸衰竭respiratory failure[risˈpaiərətri] [ˈfeiljə] 呼吸衰竭hypoxemic respiratory failure 低氧性呼吸衰竭（I型呼吸衰竭）hypercapnic respiratory failure 高碳酸性呼吸衰竭(II型呼吸衰竭)bronchiectasis 支气管扩张pachynsis pleurae [pə'kinsis] [ˈpluərə]胸膜肥厚obstructive ventilatory disorder 阻塞性通气功能障碍restrictive ventilatory disorder 限制性通气功能障碍pulmomary shunt 肺动静脉分流dead space-like ventilation死腔样通气diffusion function 弥散功能CO2 retention CO2潴留oxygen therapy ['ɔksidʒən] [ˈθerəpi]氧疗ventilator 呼吸机invasive ventilation [in'veisiv] [venti'leiʃən]有创性机械通气acute lung injury 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征cardiac pulmonary edema（CPE）心源性肺水肿PEEP 呼气末正压通气呼吸9——肺源性心脏病cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病chronic pulmonary heart disease 慢性肺源性心脏病sleep apnea syndrome 睡眠-呼吸暂停综合征pulmonary arterial hypertension（PAH）肺动脉高压remodeling 重建中毒poison/toxin 毒物induced emesis 催吐gastric lavage 洗胃blood stream decontamination therapy 血液净化治疗hemoperfusion 血液灌流急救医学Emergency medical service system (EMSS) 急诊医疗服务体系first aid 急救Emergency medical technician (EMT ) 急救医务人员Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) 心肺复苏physical trauma 肢体外伤Medical contingency planning 医疗应急计划triage 分诊，伤员鉴别分类Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team 灾难停尸间应变小组（识别遇难者尸体）veterinary 兽医pharmacy 药房urgency (n.) 紧急Basic Life Support(BLS) 基本生命支持Advanced Life Support(ALS) 高级生命支持assessment 判断、评估AED 自动体外除颤仪broad-spectrum antibiotic 广谱抗生素inspiratory plateau pressure 吸气平台压。
护士考英语知识点总结
护士考英语知识点总结护士作为医疗团队的一员，除了具备医学知识外，还需要具备一定的英语知识，特别是在与国外患者或者医疗团队交流时。
因此，护士考试英语知识点是非常重要的。
下面我们就来总结一下护士考试英语知识点。
一、基础词汇1. 医疗基础词汇医疗基础词汇是护士在日常工作中经常会用到的词汇，比如：surgery（手术）、intensive care unit（ICU）、emergency room（急诊室）、nurse station（护士站）等等。
2. 身体部位词汇护士需要和患者进行沟通，病人的身体状况是需要关注的重点，因此身体部位词汇也是必不可少的，比如：head（头部）、shoulder（肩部）、arm（手臂）、leg（腿）等等。
3. 常见疾病词汇护士在工作中接触到各种各样的疾病，因此对于常见的疾病词汇也需要掌握，比如：diabetes（糖尿病）、hypertension（高血压）、influenza（流感）等等。
4. 常见用药词汇护士需要对患者使用的药物进行了解，因此对于常见的用药词汇也是必备的，比如：antibiotics（抗生素）、analgesics（镇痛药）、antipyretics（退烧药）等等。
二、医学常用缩写1. 常见医院部门缩写在医院工作中会经常使用到医院各个部门的缩写，比如：ICU（重症监护室）、ER（急诊室）、OPD（门诊部）等等。
2. 常见疾病缩写医学领域中的疾病也有很多缩写，护士需要掌握这些缩写，以便能够更快更准确地理解患者的病情，比如：COPD（慢性阻塞性肺病）、MI（心肌梗死）、DM（糖尿病）等等。
3. 用药常见缩写在医院工作中，护士需要掌握常见用药的缩写，比如：IV（静脉给药）、PO（口服）、IM（肌肉注射）等等。
三、基本语法1. 动词时态英语中的动词时态在句子中起着非常重要的作用，护士在和患者交流时，需要用恰当的时态表达出所需要表达的意思。
2. 名词单复数护士在描述患者病情，或者给予患者指导时，需要正确使用名词的单复数形式。
copd是什么意思 COPD中英文全称是什么
危害，并协调国际努力改善全球呼吸道健康，尤其是在中低收入国家。
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copd 是什么意思 COPD 中英文全称是什么
copd 是什么意思 COPD 中英文全称是什么 copd
【释义】 abbr.慢性堵塞性肺病(=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ，慢性堵塞性肺疾病，指 由慢性支气管炎和肺气肿引起的'慢性气道堵塞，简称慢阻肺 【双语例句】 Due to low awareness of lung conditions, many COPD patients in Georgia do not know whatcauses the disease. 由于对肺病的认识很少， 格鲁吉亚的很多慢性堵塞性肺病患者并不知道病因。 WHO supports Member States as they work to reduce the toll of
COPD and coordinatesinternational efforts to improve global
respiratory health, particularly in middle- and low-incomecountries. 世卫组织支持会员国致力削减慢性堵塞性肺病的
基础医学英语词汇
常见医学单词：BSL Blood Sugar Level 血糖水平anti-coagulation 抗凝CHF Congestive Heart Failure 充血性心力衰竭constrict / constriction 收缩RBC Red Blood Celldilate / dilation 舒张WBC White Blood Cellnegative 阴性Platelet 血小板positive 阳性Plasma/serum 血浆myocardium 心肌Consciousness 意识coronary artery 冠状动脉Hypoxia 缺氧ventricle 心室Osmotic pressure 渗透压atrium 心房Colloid Osmotic pressure 胶体渗透压blood supply 血供Spinal column 脊柱BT bleeding time 出血时间Acidosis 酸中毒Alkalosis 碱中毒CT clotting time 凝血时间Pulmonary edema 肺水肿water-soluble 水溶性nerve 神经fat-soluble 脂溶性Oxygen 氧气pulmonary arterial / vein肺动/静脉Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳elastic 有弹性的Stomach 胃tissue 组织Gastric contents 胃内容物aorta 主动脉Risk factor 危险因素exchange 交换Flushed skin 皮肤发红gallbladder 胆囊Pallor 苍白lung 肺Dizziness 头晕kidney 肾Nausea 恶心cardiac output 心输出量Vomit 呕吐peripheral resistance 外周阻力Seizure 惊厥systolic blood pressure 收缩压Enema 灌肠diastolic blood pressure 舒张压Electrolyte 电解质normal range 正常范围Fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱capillary 毛细血管BUN blood urea nitrogen血尿素氮circulatory system 循环系统Blood gas 血气release 释放Hormone 激素superficial 表浅的Protein 蛋白质blood volume 血容量Albumin 白蛋白bradycardia 心动过缓Glucose 葡萄糖tachycardia 心动过速Hemoglobin 血红蛋白valve 瓣膜Sternum 胸骨forearm 前臂Rib 肋骨breast 胸部，乳房Liver 肝armpit 腋窝Spleen 脾groin 腹股沟Pancreas 胰腺prevent 预防Iron 鉄bloodstream 血流Calcium 钙fiber 纤维Magnesium 镁acute 急性的Sodium 钠diarrhea 腹泻Potassium 钾Antibody-antigen complex 抗原抗体复合物Bone marrow 骨髓myocardial infarctionTransplant 移植low-grade fever 低热Blurred vision 视力模糊chill 寒战Spontaneous 自主的urticaria 风疹Dysrhythmia 心律不齐inhibitor 抑制剂GI irritation 胃肠刺激inflammation 炎症Intake and output 出入量angioplasty 血管扩张术Hypokalemia 低血钾normal saline 生理盐水Hyperkalemia 高血钾circulatory overload 循环负担过重Hypotension 低血压shortness of breath 气短Hypertension 高血压restless 烦躁不安Antihypertensive 抗高血压药rapid and thready pulse 脉搏细速Headache 头痛orthopnea 端坐呼吸Urinary retention 尿储留pallor/ cyanosis 苍白Angina pectoris 心绞痛chest paincentral venous pressure 中心静脉压Sublingual 舌下的Fowler’s position 端座卧位Oral 口服的Semi- Fowler’s position 半座卧位Topical 局部的dyspnea 呼吸困难Calcium channel blocker 钙离子通道阻滞剂diuretics 利尿剂Mucosa 粘膜impaired 受损的Orthostatic hypotension 体位性低血压pink and frothy sputum粉红色泡沫样痰Hypoglycemia 低血糖yellow sputum 黄痰Hyperglycemia 高血糖blood-streaked sputum 血丝痰Hypovolemia 低血容量mucoid sputum 黏液痰Hypervolemia 高血容量breathing pattern 呼吸模式Preload and afterload （心脏的）前后负荷sterile 无菌的Dehydration 脱水container 容器Uric acid 尿酸cool clammy skin 皮肤湿冷Sign 体征preventive 预防性的Symptom 症状bronchitis 支气管炎Symptom free/ asymptomatic 无症状pneumonia 肺炎concentration 浓度Constipation 便秘barrel chest 桶状胸Skin rash 皮疹distended neck vein 颈静脉怒张Heparin 肝素external irritant 外界刺激物Warfarin 华法林endocrine system 内分泌系统Hemorrhage 大出血insulin 胰岛素Therapy 疗法absorption 吸收Alcohol 酒精reabsorption 再吸收Anemia 贫血shock 休克Folic acid 叶酸trauma 外伤Allergic reaction 过敏反应complication 并发症compensatory 代偿的Bile acid 胆汁酸Cholesterol 胆固醇Obesity 肥胖症Stuffy nose 鼻塞collect sputum and blood specimen for culture and sensitivity tests 收集痰血标本做细菌培养和药敏COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病DM Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病Gestational diabetes 妊娠糖尿病Ketone body 酮体Ketoacidosis 酮症酸中毒Insulin resistant 胰岛素耐受Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Mechanism 机制，机理IDDM (Type 1) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue 胰岛素依赖性糖尿病NIDDM (Type 2) non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitue非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病Glucose Tolerance Test 糖耐量试验Oral anti-diabetic medications 口服降糖药PVD peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病Arterioatherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化CAD coronary artery disease 冠心病CVD cerebral vascular disease 脑血管病Polyuria 多尿Ulcer 溃疡Gangrene 坏疽Fatigue 疲乏Blurred vision 视力模糊Fasting blood sugar 空腹血糖2-hour post-prandial glucose 餐后两小时血糖Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒Respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒Ketonuria 酮尿Sweet breath odor 烂苹果味呼吸Mental confusion 精神错乱Slurred speech 说话含糊不清Wound healing 伤口愈合Renal function 肾功能Renal failure 肾衰Uremia 尿毒症Creatinine 肌酐Urea 尿素Internal 内部的External 外部的Itching 痒BUN blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮Carbon dioxide combining power 二氧化碳结合力Urine gravity 尿比重Bleeding tendency 出血倾向Injury 外伤Patency 开放，通畅Bed sore 褥疮Skin care 皮肤护理Paraplegia 截瘫Pacemaker 起搏器Elevate 抬高Pitting edema 凹陷型水肿Sodium-restricted diet 限钠饮食Interstitial space 组织间隙Extremity 四肢，肢端Deficiency 缺乏，不足Blood transfusion 输血GI irritation 胃肠刺激Pleural space 胸膜腔Fluctuate 波动Kink 弯曲，折住Water-seal chamber 水封瓶Subcutaneous emphysema 皮下气肿Airtight 密封的Sharp pain 锐痛Dull pain 钝痛Burning pain 灼痛Radiating pain 放射痛各科室名称：medical department; department of internal medicine: 内科surgical department; department of surgery: 外科department of obstetrics and gynecology : 妇产科ophtalmology department: 眼科dental department: 牙科ENT(ear-nose-throat)department: 耳鼻喉科urology department: 泌尿科dermatology department; skin department: 皮肤科orthopedic surgery department: 矫形外科traumatology department: 创伤外科plastic surgery: 整形外科anesthesiology department: 麻醉科pathology department: 病理科cardiology department: 心脏病科psychiatry department: 精神病科orthopedics department: 骨科department of cardiac surgery: 心脏外科department of cerebral surgery: 胸外科neurology department: 神经科neurosurgery department: 神经外科thoracic surgery department: 脑外科department of traditional Chinese medicine: 中医科registration office: 挂号处out-patient department: 门诊部in-patient department: 住院部nursing department: 护理部consulting room: 诊室waiting room: 候诊室emergency room: 急诊室admitting office: 住院处operation room: 手术室X-ray department: 放射科blood bank: 血库dispensary; pharmacy: 药房ward: 病房laboratory: 化验室牤Department of Nephrology 肾内科Department of Chemotherapy 化疗科Department of Radiotherapy 放疗科Department of Endocrinology 内分泌科Respiratory medicine 呼吸科Rheumatology 风湿科Hematology 血液科Geriatrics 老年科Neurology 神经科Oncology 肿瘤科Thoracic surgery 胸外科Urology 泌尿外科Neurosurgery 神经外科Vascular surgery 周围血管外科Gastroenterology 肠胃外科Hepatobiliary surgery 肝胆外科General surgery 普外科Orthopedics 骨科Cardiovascular surgery 心外科Burns surgery 烧伤科Hand surgery 手外科Plastic surgery 整形外科Pediatric surgery 儿外科Obstetrics and gynecology 妇产科Stomatology 口腔科Ophthalmology 眼科Infectious disease 感染科Dermatology 皮肤科Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) 耳鼻喉科Nuclear medicine 核医学科Psychiatry 精神科Medical rehabilitation 康复科Anesthesiology 麻醉科Radiology 放射科Ultrasonography 超声科Pain management 疼痛科Pharmacology 药理科Internal Medicine 内科常见护理英语80句一．Receiving the patient（接待病人）1.How do you do? / Good morning!您好！（初次见面时使用）/早上好！2. What can I do for you? /Can I help you?您需要我帮助吗？3．I’ll bring you to your bedside, please follow me. This is your bed..我要领您到床边去.请跟我来.这是您的床位.4.The toilet is over there. 卫生间在那边5.We supply hot water. 我们供应热水6.Please wait a moment. I’ll let your doctor know. / I’ll inform your doctor.请等一会儿,我去通知医生.7.Mary is the nurse /doctor in charge of you.玛丽是您的负责护士/医生8. Please let us know if you need any help. 您需要帮助时，请告诉我们.9. Smoking is not allowed here. 这里不允许吸烟二.information collection (收集信息)10.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? 您介意我问您几个问题吗?11. We need some information from you. 我们需要从您这儿收集一些信息.12. Is your tummy still sore? 您的肚子还疼吗?13. Does your pain come on after or before meals? 您的疼痛是在饭前还是饭后发作？14. Does it hurt to pass urine? /when I press here? 排尿时痛吗？/ 当我按压这儿时痛吗？15. Does your back ache? 您的后背痛吗？16.Do your feet swell? 您的脚肿了吗？17. Do you have a cough/fever? 您咳嗽吗？/ 您有发热吗？18. Do you bring up any sputum? 您咳痰吗？19. Is there any radiation of the pain? (to the shoulder)有放射（到肩部的）痛吗？20. How long have you had the pain? 您的痛有多长时间了？21. When did the pain start? /where is your pain? 疼痛从什么时候开始的/什么地方疼痛？22. Are your periods regular? 您的月经规则吗？三．Physical examination（查体）23.Will you please undress for medical examination? 请您脱下衣服做体检好吗？24. Take off your clothes, please. 请把衣服脱下来25.Lie down on the couch, please. /Just lie still on the couch and relax.请躺在治疗床上./ 请安静地躺在治疗床上,放松.26.Bend your knees, please. 请屈膝.27.Open your mouth and say ’ah" 张开口, 说: 啊28.Beathe deeply, please./take a deep breath, please.请深呼吸29.May I examine your tummy, please? 我要检查下您的肚子, 好吗?30.Roll up your sleeves, please. 请卷起袖子.四．Communication. (交流)31.I am going to take your temperature./Please put the thermometer under your armpit.我要测一下您的体温/请把体温计放在您的腋下.32.Let me feel your pulse.让我测一下您的脉搏.33. I’ll test/take your blood pressure. 我要测量您的血压.34. I’m afraid I have to prick your finger and take a drop of blood for blood sugar level.我要取一滴指血做血糖测定, 需要刺一下手指.35. I’ll take some blood from your arm now. 现在我要从您的胳膊抽血.36. Don’t take any thing by mouth after midnight until the blood is drawn tomorrow morning.半夜之后不要吃喝任何东西，明天早上抽血.37. Please bring a specimen of your urine/stool/sputum./ please collect your mid-stream specimen of urine.请留一份尿/便/痰的标本/请收集您的中段尿.38. Please have your blood and urine tests done. 请做一下您的血和尿试验.39. You are going to have a CT-scan of your chest/head today.今天您要做一个胸部/头部CT.40. You are going to have a chest X-ray this morning. 今天早上您要拍一个胸片.41. You are going to have a B-mode ultrasonic exam. Please keep your bladder full.您要做B超检查,请留尿,使膀胱充盈.42. You are going to have an gastric endoscopy tomorrow morning. Please don’t eat or drinkanything after 12 o’clock tonight. 明天上午您要做胃镜检查，今晚12点之后，请不要吃喝任何东西。
内科学常见疾病英语词汇
Acute upper respiratory tract infection急性上呼吸道感染Influenza 流行性感冒Acute tracheobronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎Pneumonia 肺炎Community acquired pneumonia, CAP 社区获得性肺炎Hospital acquired pneumonia,, HAP 医院获得性肺炎Lung abscess 肺脓肿Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张症Pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核Chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD慢性阻塞性肺病Bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘Airway hyperresponsiveness 气道高反应性Bronchial provocation test 支气管激发试验Pulmonary thromboembolism 肺血栓栓塞症Cor pulmonale 肺心病Interstitial lung disease, ILD 间质性肺疾病Sarcoidisis 结节病Pleural effusions 胸水Pneumothorax 气胸Primary bronchigenic carcinoma 肺癌Sleep spnea hypopnea syndrome 睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征Respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭Acute respiratory distress syndrome ,ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ，MODS 多器官功能障碍综合征Heart failure 心力衰竭Atrial premature beats 房性期前收缩Atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速Atrial flutter 心房扑动Atrial fibrillation 心房颤动Primary hypertension 高血压Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Coronary heart disease 冠状动脉性心脏病Stable angina pectoris 稳定型心绞痛/稳定型劳力性心绞痛Unstable angina ，UA 不稳定型心绞痛Myocardial infarction 心肌梗死Remodeling 心室重塑Valvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜病Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄Mitral incompetence 二尖瓣关闭不全Aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄Dilated cardiomyopathy ,DCM 扩张型心肌病Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ，HCM 肥厚型心肌病Restrictive cardiomyopathy RCM 限制型心肌病Myocarditis 心肌炎Acute pericarditis 急性心包炎Aortic dissection 主动脉夹层Peripheral arterial disease .PAD 周围动脉病Cardopvascular neurosis 心血管神经症gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD 胃食管返流性疾病carcinoma of the esophagus 食管癌acute gastritis 急性胃炎chronic gastritis 慢性胃炎peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡gastric carcinoma 胃癌intestinal tubervulosis 肠结核tuberculous peritonitis 结核性腹膜炎inflammatory vowel disease ,IBD 炎症性肠病ulcerative colitis, UC 溃疡性结肠炎Crohn’s disease，CD 克罗恩病Colorectal carcinoma 大肠癌Functional gastrointestinal disorder 功能性胃肠病Functional dyspepsia，FD，功能性消化不良Irritable bowel syndrome ，IBS 肠易激综合征Chronic diarrhea ，慢性腹泻Fatty liver disease 脂肪性肝病Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ，NAFLD 非酒精性脂肪性肝病Alcoholic fatty liver disease ，酒精性脂肪性肝病Autoimmume hepatitis ，AIH 自身免疫性肝病Primary biliary cirrhosis ，PBC 原发性胆汁性肝硬化Primary sclerosing cholangitis ，PSC 原发性硬化性胆管炎Hepatic cirrhosis 肝硬化Portal hypertension 门静脉高压Hepatorenal syndrome , HRS，肝肾综合征Hepatopulmonary syndrome ，HPS 肝肺综合征Primary carcinoma of the liver 原发性肝癌Alpha fetoprotein ，AFP 甲胎蛋白Hepatic encephalopathy ，HE 肝性脑病Acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎Mild Acute pancreatitis, MAP 轻症胰腺炎Severe Acute pancreatitis ,SAP 重症胰腺炎Chronic pancreatitis , CP 慢性胰腺炎Carcinoma of pancreas 胰腺癌Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 上消化道出血Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage 消化道出血Glonerular basement membrane ,GBM 肾小球基底膜Acute glomerulonephritis 急性肾小球肾炎Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 急进性肾小球肾炎Chronic glomerulonephritis 慢性肾小球肾炎Asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria 无症状性血尿/蛋白尿（隐匿型肾小球肾炎）Nephrotic syndrime，NS 肾病综合征Evidence-based ,medicine, EBM 循证医学Acute intersititial nephritis ，AIN 急性间质性肾炎Chronic interstitial nephritis ，CIN 慢性间质性肾炎Urinary tract infection ，UTI 尿路感染Renal tubular acedosis ，RTA 肾小管酸中毒Renal artery stenosis 肾动脉狭窄Renal artery embolism 肾动脉栓塞Renal artery thrombosis 肾动脉血栓Hypertensive nephrosclerosis 高血压肾硬化症Benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis 良性小动脉性肾应硬化症Malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis 恶性小动脉性肾硬化症Renal vein thromboosis ，RVT 深静脉血栓形成Acute renal failure ，ARF 急性肾衰竭Chronic ranal failure ，慢性肾衰竭Stem cell 干细胞Totipotent 全能Anemia 贫血Aplastic anemia ，AA 再生障碍性贫血Pure red cell anemia ,PRCA 纯红细胞障碍性贫血Congenitial dyserythropoietic anemia ，CDA 先天性红细胞生成异常性贫血Iron depletion ,，ID 铁耗尽Iron deficient anemia ，IDA 缺铁性贫血Megaloblastic anemia ，MA 巨幼红细胞贫血Hemolytic anemia ，HA 溶血性贫血Hereditary spherocytosis ，遗传性球形细胞增多症Autoimmune hernolytic anemia ，AIHA 自身免疫性溶血性贫血Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria ，PNH 阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿Leukopenia 白细胞减少Myelodysplastic syndromes ，MDS 骨髓增生异常综合征Refractory anemia ，RA 难治性贫血Leukemia 白血病Chronic leukemia ，CL 慢性白血病Chronic myeloid leukemia ，CML 慢性髓细胞白血病Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia ，CLL 慢性淋巴细胞白血病Hairy cell leukemia , HCL 毛细胞白血病Prolymphodcyte leukemia ，PLL 幼淋巴细胞白血病Acute myeloid leukemia ，AML 急性髓细胞白血病/急性粒细胞白血病M0 :minimally differentiatedAML 急性髓细胞白血病微分化型M1 ：AML without maturation 急性粒细胞白血病未分化型M2 AMLwith maturation 急性粒细胞白血病部分分化型M3 acute puomyelocytic leukemia ，APL 急性早幼粒细胞白血病M4 acute myelomonocytic leukemia ，AMML 急性粒-单核细胞白血病M4Eo AML with monocytic leukemia ，AM o L 急性单核细胞白血病M5 :acute monocytic leukemia ，AMoL 急性单核细胞白血病M6 Erythroleukemia ，EL 红白细胞白血病M7 acute megakaryokaruoblastic leukemia ，AMeL 急性巨核细胞白血病Lymphoma 淋巴瘤Hodgkin lymphoma ，HL 霍奇金淋巴瘤Non-hodgkin lymphoma ，NHL 非霍奇金淋巴瘤Multiple myeloma ，MM 多发性骨髓瘤Myeloproliferative disease ，MPD 骨髓增生性疾病Polycythemia vera ，PV 真性红细胞增多症Primary thrombocythemia ，原发性血小板增多症Primary myelofibrosis ，原发性骨髓纤维化症Hypersplenism 脾功能亢进症Purpura 紫癜Vascular purpura 血管性紫癜Thrombocytic purpura 血小板性紫癜Allergic purpura / schonlein-henochsyndrome 过敏性紫癜Idiopathic thrombocytopenec purpura ，ITP 特发性血小板减少性紫癜Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura ，TTP 血栓性血小板减少性紫癜Hemophilia 血友病Von willebrand disease ，vWD 血管性血友病Disseminated intravascular coagulation ，DIC 弥散性血管内凝血Thrombosis 血栓形成Hematopoietic stem cell transpantation ，HSCT 造血干细胞移植Gigantism 巨人症Acromegaly 肢端肥大症Growth hormone deficiency dwafism ，GHD 生长激素缺乏性侏儒症Diabetes insipidus ，DI 尿崩症Argenine vasopressin ，AVP 精氨酸加压素/antidiyretichormone ，ADH 抗利尿激素Syndrome of inappropriate antidiretichormone secretion ，SIADH 抗利尿激素分泌失调综合征Goiter 甲状腺肿Iodine deficiency disorders ，IDD 碘缺乏病Simple goiter 单纯性甲状腺肿Endemic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿Thyrotoxicosis 甲状腺毒症Hypertyyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进症Destructive thyrotixicosis 破坏性甲状腺毒症Hypothroidism 甲状腺功能减退症Primary hypothyroidism 原发性甲减Rertiary hypothyroidism 三发性甲减Central hypothyroidism 中枢性甲减Subacute thyroiditis 亚急性甲状腺炎Autoimmune thyroiditis ，AIT 自身免疫性甲状腺炎Thyroid nodule 甲状腺结节Thyroid cancer 甲状腺癌Cushing's syndrome 库欣综合征Primary aldosteronism 原发性醛固酮增多症Chronic adrenocortical hypofunction /Addison disease 原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症Pheochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤Hyperparathyroidism 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进Hypoparathyroidism 甲状旁腺功能减退症Miltiple endocrine neoplasia ，MEN 多发性内分泌腺瘤病Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病、Hypoglycemia 低血糖症Dyslipidemia 血脂异常Obesity 肥胖症Hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症Gout 痛风Osteoporosis ，OP 骨质疏松症Rheumatic diseases 风湿性疾病Rheimatoed arthritis ，RA 类风湿性关节炎Systemic lupus erythematosus ，SLE 系统红斑性狼疮Lupus nephristis ，LN 狼疮肾炎Seronegative spondyloarthropathies 血清阴性脊柱关节病Ankylosing spondylitis ，AS 强直性脊柱炎Reactive arthritis ，ReA 反应性关节炎/ Reiter syndrome ，RS Sjogren syndrome ，SS 干燥综合征Vasculitides 血管炎病Takayasu arteritis ，TA 大动脉炎Giant cell arteritis ，GCA 巨细胞动脉炎Polyarteritis nodosa ，PAN 结节性动脉炎Idiopathic inflammatory myositis ，IIM 特发性炎症性肌病Systemic sclerosis ，SSc 系统性硬化性病Osteoarthritis ，OA 骨关节炎Fibromyalgia syndrome ，FS 纤维肌痛综合征。
医学英语翻译试题及答案
医学英语翻译试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "cardiology" refers to the study of which organ?A. HeartB. LiverC. KidneyD. Lung2. Which of the following is not a symptom of diabetes?A. Frequent urinationB. Excessive thirstC. Rapid weight lossD. Fever3. The medical abbreviation "IV" stands for:A. IntravenousB. IntramuscularC. IntraperitonealD. Intradermal4. What does the abbreviation "MRI" stand for in medical terms?A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Maximum Respiratory IndexC. Multiple Respiratory InfectionsD. Medical Research Institute5. The term "anemia" is associated with a deficiency of whichsubstance in the blood?A. PlateletsB. Red blood cellsC. White blood cellsD. Plasma6. Which of the following is a common treatment for hypertension?A. AntibioticsB. AntihypertensivesC. AntiviralsD. Antihistamines7. The medical term "hyperglycemia" refers to:A. High blood sugarB. High blood pressureC. High cholesterolD. High blood calcium8. What is the medical term for the removal of the appendix?A. AppendectomyB. ColectomyC. HysterectomyD. Nephrectomy9. The abbreviation "AED" in medical settings stands for:A. Automated External DefibrillatorB. Advanced Emergency DoctorC. Acute Epileptic DisorderD. Acute Endocrine Dysfunction10. Which of the following is a type of cancer that affects the blood?A. MelanomaB. LeukemiaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：1. A2. D3. A4. A5. B6. B7. A8. A9. A 10. B二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. The medical term for the surgical removal of the gallbladder is __________.2. The condition where the body cannot properly regulate body temperature is known as __________.3. A person with a medical condition that causes them to have an abnormally high level of lipids in the blood is said to have __________.4. The abbreviation "CT" in medical imaging stands for__________.5. The medical term for a condition characterized bydifficulty in breathing is __________.6. The study of the structure and function of the nervous system is known as __________.7. A common diagnostic tool used to visualize blood vesselsis __________.8. The medical term for the surgical removal of the prostate gland is __________.9. A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of air or gas in the tissues is called __________.10. The medical term for the surgical removal of the uterus is __________.答案：1. Cholecystectomy2. Dysregulation3. Hyperlipidemia4. Computed Tomography5. Dyspnea6. Neurology7. Angiography8. Prostatectomy9. Emphysema10. Hysterectomy三、翻译题（每题5分，共30分）1. 将下列医学术语从英文翻译成中文：- Hypertension: 高血压- Diabetes mellitus: 糖尿病- Asthma: 哮喘- Osteoporosis: 骨质疏松症2. 将下列医学术语从中文翻译成英文：- 冠心病: Coronary heart disease- 脑卒中: Stroke- 慢性阻塞性肺疾病: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)- 甲状腺功能亢进: Hyperthyroidism3. 翻译以下医学句子：- The patient is scheduled for a cardiac catheterizationnext week.病人下周安排进行心脏导管检查。
医学英语往年试题及答案
医学英语往年试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "cardiology" refers to the study of which organ?A. HeartB. LungsC. LiverD. Kidneys2. Which of the following is not a type of diabetes?A. Type 1 diabetesB. Type 2 diabetesC. Gestational diabetesD. Type 4 diabetes3. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Medical Research InstituteC. Multiple Risk IndicatorsD. Major Radiological Intervention4. In medical terms, "anemia" is a condition characterized by:A. High blood pressureB. Low blood sugarC. Low red blood cell count or low hemoglobinD. High cholesterol levels5. The term "pneumonia" is associated with an infection of which organ?A. HeartB. LungsC. StomachD. Brain6. Which of the following is a common symptom of the common cold?A. DiarrheaB. RashC. CoughD. Jaundice7. The medical abbreviation "OTC" stands for:A. Over the CounterB. Outpatient Treatment CenterC. Occupational Therapy CenterD. Oral Treatment Course8. A "biopsy" is a medical procedure to:A. Remove a sample of tissue for examinationB. Administer medicationC. Perform surgery to remove a tumorD. Examine the blood under a microscope9. The term "epidemic" refers to:A. A sudden increase in the number of cases of a diseaseB. A disease that is present in a communityC. A disease that is endemic to a particular areaD. A disease that has been eradicated10. The abbreviation "HIV" stands for:A. Human Immunodeficiency VirusB. Highly Infectious VirusC. Hepatitis Infection VirusD. Hemophiliac Immune Virus答案：1-5: A, D, A, C, B6-10: C, A, A, A, A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The medical term for inflammation of the lungs is__________.2. A __________ is a healthcare professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system.3. The abbreviation "AIDS" stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency __________.4. The process of medical imaging that uses X-rays to create images of the inside of the body is called __________.5. A __________ is a surgical procedure to remove a diseased or damaged organ or tissue.答案：1. Pneumonitis2. Orthopedist3. Syndrome4. Radiography5. Excision三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. What is the difference between a virus and a bacterium?2. Explain the concept of "herd immunity" in the context of public health.3. What is the role of white blood cells in the immune system?4. Describe the function of the thyroid gland.答案：1. A virus is a small infectious agent that can onlyreplicate inside the living cells of an organism, while a bacterium is a single-celled microorganism that can live independently and reproduce by binary fission.2. Herd immunity occurs when a large percentage of apopulation has become immune to an infection, therebyproviding a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune.3. White blood cells play a critical role in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. They help to fight off infections by identifying, attacking, and eliminating pathogens.4. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located inthe neck that produces hormones which regulate the body's metabolism, growth, and development.四、翻译题（每题5分，共15分）1. 请将“慢性阻塞性肺病”翻译成英文。
ICU常用英语
呼吸系统诊断
急性呼吸窘迫综合征 acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS 呼吸衰竭：respiratory failure; RF 肺梗死：pulmonary infarction PI 全身炎症反应综合征（ SIRS ）systemic inflammatory response syndrome
心血管系统诊断cardiovascular system
心律失常：arrhythmia 心房扑动: atrial flutter 心室颤动: ventricular fibrillation 高血压三级： hyptertension on grade 3 急性心机梗塞：Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
休克
中暑：heat illness 中毒：poisoning 心源性休克：cardiogenic shock 过敏性休克：anaphylactic shock 感染性休克：septic shock 多器官衰竭:multiple organ failure
气管切开术后：Post operation of tracheotomy 气管插管术后： Post operation of endotracheal intubation 拔管困难：dificulty in decannulation 心肺复苏术后Post cardiac pulmonary resuscitation
手术病人数:3
病危病人总数:1 一级护理病人总数:1
病重病人总数:2
Discharged case
Bed 3,Wang Hong, coronary heart disease（CHD）, angina pectoris, was discharged at 9 o’clock yesterday after treatment.
常用医学英语名词
内分泌/代谢性系统疾病症状多尿polyuria [ˌpɔliˈjuəriə]多饮/烦渴polydipsia [ˌpɔliˈdipsiə]心悸palpitation [pælpiˈteiʃ(ə)n]气短short of breath皮肤潮湿moist skin紧张nervous焦虑uneasy / anxiety好动restless强直spasticity spastic;抽搐twitch /tic常见诊断尿崩症diabetes insipidus [ˌdaiəˈbi:ti:z]甲亢hyperthyroidism [haipəˈθairɔidiz(ə)m]甲减hypothyroidism糖尿病diabetes mellitus [ˈmelitəs]糖尿病酮症酸中毒diabetic ketoacidosis DKA [ˌki:təuˌæsiˈdəusis] 高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma低血糖症hypoglycemia [ˌhaipəuɡlaiˈsi:miə]低钠血症hyponatremia高钠血症hypernatremia [ˌhaipənəˈtri:miə]低钾血症hypokalemia [ˌhaipəukəˈli:mjə]高钾血症hyperkalemia [ˌhaipəkəˈli:miə]代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis [ˌmetəˈbɔlik] [ˌæsiˈdəusis]代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis [ˌælkəˈləusis]呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis呼吸性碱中毒respiratory alkalosis痛风gout [ɡu:]系统性红斑狼疮systemic lupus erythematosus SLE [ˈlu:pəs]皮肌炎dermatomyositis DM [ˌdə:mətəˌmaiəˈsaitis]系统性硬化病systemic sclerosis SSc 硬皮病气管插管/切开记录Endotracheal intubation [ˌendəuˌtrəˈkiəl] 气管插管（术）tracheal cannula [ˈkænjulə] 气管插管（强调管子）Tracheotomy [ˌtrækiˈɔtəmi] 气管切开mechanical ventilation 机械通气[miˈkænikəl]sedate [siˈdeit] 镇静动词Sedative Drugs 镇静药物Dopamine [ˈdəupəmin] 多巴胺Noradrenalin [ˌnɔ:rəˈdrenəlin] 去甲肾上腺素Suction machine 吸痰器Suck 吸动词Sputum [ˈspju:təm] 痰noninvasive mechanical ventilation 无创机械通气[ˌnɔninˈveisiv]We perform endotracheal intubation/ tracheotomy and apply mechanical ventilation。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病的名词翻译
慢性阻塞性肺疾病的名词翻译
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease，简称COPD）是一类以气道阻塞为特征的慢性呼吸系统疾病，其中包括慢性支气管炎、非特异性支气管炎、
肺气肿以及尘肺等疾病。
COPD是一种慢性阻塞性肺病，它是指一类气道阻塞性疾病，由于无法被完全治愈而持续存在。
它的最常见的两种形式是慢性支气管炎和非特异性支
气管炎，虽然这些疾病有共同的症状，但是它们具有不同
的发病机制，也有不同的治疗方法。
慢性阻塞性肺病的发病机制复杂，主要与外界因素有关，如空气污染、生活环境、职业暴露及吸烟等。
它是一
种代谢性疾病，具有发病率上升、患者数量增加、治疗费
用增加以及社会经济成本增加等特点。
慢性阻塞性肺病的
主要症状包括气促、胸闷、咳嗽、咳痰以及呼吸困难等，
并且会随着病情的发展而逐渐加重。
慢性阻塞性肺病的治疗主要有两种方式：药物治疗和手术治疗。
药物治疗主要包括支气管扩张药，抗炎药，抗
生素，抗变态反应药物等，以改善患者的症状，减轻病
情。
手术治疗是用来治疗慢性阻塞性肺病最有效的手段，
它可以通过剥夺部分病变组织，以及改善肺部的血液循环
和气流，达到改善患者的症状和减轻病情的目的。
慢性阻塞性肺病的翻译是“Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”，简称COPD。
COPD 主要指一类气道阻塞性疾病，它包括慢性支气管炎、非特异性支气管炎、肺气肿以及尘肺等疾病，发病机制复杂，主要与外界因素有关，其主要症状包括气促、胸闷、咳嗽、咳痰以及呼吸困难，治疗主要有药物治疗和手术治疗两种。
ERSATS慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重管理指南解读(全文版)
ERS/ATS慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重管理指南解读（全文版）2012年欧洲呼吸年会期间,ERS提出将联合ATS制订慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重( AECOPD) 管理指南。
以后每年欧洲呼吸年会上几乎都有关于AECOPD指南制订的讨论议题。
AECOPD管理指南制订过程中,COPD研究人员组成多学科专家组,针对AECOPD诊治的相关问题,通过荟萃分析等方法,形成不同等级的循证医学建议。
同时,仔细分析疗效与不良反应,证据质量、可行性和各种干预措施的可接受性后,专家组提出:1、强烈推荐急性呼吸衰竭或慢性呼吸衰竭急性加重患者进行无创机械通气(NIV);2、有条件推荐门诊患者口服糖皮质激素,住院患者口服(而不是静脉应用)糖皮质激素;有条件推荐AECOPD患者接受抗菌素治疗、开展家庭医疗和出院后3周内开始家庭医疗治疗;不推荐住院期间即开始肺康复治疗。
指南提出相关推荐和建议,涉及AECOPD的糖皮质激素、抗生素治疗、NIV、家庭医疗和早期康复治疗。
这些推荐基于全新的循证医学证据。
一、简介COPD患者常间断出现急性加重。
AECOPD定义为临床过程表现为呼吸系统症状急性加重,尤其是呼吸困难、咳嗽、咳痰加重和出现脓痰。
AECOPD影响患者生活质量,加速疾病进展,并可能导致住院和死亡。
根据循证医学的证据,对AECOPD患者,吸入支气管扩张剂进行治疗以及对低氧血症患者控制性氧疗,均已达成共识。
与此同时,一些指南还对全身性糖皮质激素、抗菌素治疗、NIV和家庭医疗等提出各自的建议,但也存在不同看法。
ERS/ ATS此次制订指南的目的就在于更新推荐和建议, 同时对于既往指南中尚未解决的AECOPD的治疗问题,阐明特异的观点。
对于以下6个问题, ERS/ATS按照分级、建议、评估、发展、评价( GRADE)的方法,进行了相关问题的系统文献回顾,并以此制订治疗推荐和建议。
1AECOPD门诊患者是否应用口服糖皮质激素治疗？2AECOPD门诊患者是否应该使用抗菌素治疗?3AECOPD住院患者,应该静脉应用还是口服糖皮质激素治疗?4NIV是否应用于出现急性呼吸衰竭或者慢性呼吸衰竭急性加重的AECOPD住院患者?5AECOPD患者是否应实施家庭治疗方案(家庭医疗) ?6AECOPD住院患者是否应实施肺康复治疗?AECOPD管理指南面向诊治COPD的呼吸内科专家。
肺部疾病英文缩写
症状：呼吸 困难、咳嗽、 乏力、体重 下降等
诊断：通过X 光、CT等影 像学检查结 合临床表现 进行诊断
治疗：目前尚 无特效治疗方 法，主要是通 过药物缓解症 状、延缓病情 进展
英文全称：Pulmonary Fibrosis 简称：PF 疾病类型：肺部疾病 症状：呼吸困难、咳嗽、胸痛等 治疗方法：药物治疗、手术治疗等 预防措施：戒烟、避免接触有害气体等
英文全称：Pulmonary Embolism 缩写：PE 含义：肺栓塞
症状：呼吸困难、胸痛、咳嗽、咯血等
治疗方法：抗凝治疗、溶栓治疗、手术治疗 等
预防措施：避免久坐、戒烟、控制体重等
定义：肺栓塞是指肺动脉或其分支被栓子阻塞，导致肺组织缺血坏死的一组临床综合 征
病因：主要由于下肢深静脉血栓脱落所致，其他原因包括脂肪栓塞、羊水栓塞、空气 栓塞等
临床表现：呼吸困难、胸痛、咯血三联征，严重者可出现晕厥、休克等
治疗：根据病情采取抗凝、溶栓、手术等治疗措施，以恢复肺组织正常灌注，缓解症 状，降低死亡率
全称：Pneumonia 缩写：PNEU 含义：肺炎 常见症状：咳嗽、发热、呼吸困难等 治疗方法：抗生素、抗病毒药物等 预防措施：保持良好的生活习惯，避免接触感染源等
Lung Cancer英 文缩写：LC
LC是肺癌的英文 缩写
LC是肺癌的英文 全称
LC是肺癌的英文 简称
英文全称： Lung Cancer
全称：Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 简称：COPD 症状：咳嗽、气喘、呼吸困难 病因：吸烟、空气污染、遗传因素等 治疗：药物治疗、氧疗、康复治疗等
支气管哮喘是一种常见的呼吸道疾病，主要表现为气道痉挛、呼吸困难等症状。 英文缩写BA是支气管哮喘的简称，方便医生和患者交流。 支气管哮喘的发病原因包括遗传因素、环境因素、过敏反应等。 支气管哮喘的治疗方法包括药物治疗、吸入疗法、免疫疗法等。
学术英语(医学)-单词填空及参考答案
学术英语〔医学〕课后词组Unit11．overload神经过载2.a typical典型的诊所就诊3.DEXA DEXA扫描行医5. control血压控制6.health健康保持7. report乳房X线检查报告8. examination体检9. of a medication药物的副作用10.perpetual永久的恐慌11. physicians职业医生12. field移植领域13.medical医疗预算扑热息痛药片15. cap防孩子打开的盖子16. clinical trial随机临床试验17.Random随机分配18.patient病人的预后19. group对照组20.a10-year study10年的跟踪研究21.a medical内科病房传染性肝炎23.Severe身体严重不适24.bilirubin胆红素代谢damage永久的肝损伤加重病理生理状况27.Medical医学文献临床调查29. of relapse复发率临床流行病学严格的卧床休息32.hospital住院反复发作的黄疸34.clinical临床病程35 morphine静脉注射吗啡36 blood pressure舒张压大脑血灌输38. care初级保健39.aorto-coronary arterial 主动脉冠状动脉旁路40. treatment decision知情治疗决41.an international group 一个国际人道组织42.the Red红十字会43.The first major effort第一次重大援助工作44 of war战争中的人员伤亡45. relief efforts紧急援助、Unit21 disease(再现疾病)2.new flu新流感变种3.antibiotics and抗生素和疫苗4. disease传染病5 disease新现疾病6 strategy预防策略7.bubonic腺鼠疫8. microbes病原微生物9.public heath 公共卫生机构抗药性of antibiotic therapy抗生素治疗疗程猩红热13.the level of 毒性水平14.flu流感大流行15.surface外表抗原16. shift基因改变神经性并发症18.waning of 免疫力减弱19.public health公共卫生基础设施20.a malaria一个疟疾病例21. flu猪流感22. bacillus结核杆菌of morbidity发病率水平24.health保健专业人士25 tuberculosis潜伏结核病结核素皮试27. programmes筛查计划28. gamma testsγ干扰素测试29.drug药物毒性30.an disease一种可治愈的病31, infectious disease难治的传染病32.an unknown一种未知的病原体33.chronic gastric 慢性胃溃疡34 to carries of disease接触带病者35,genetic基因重组36.agent of 生物恐怖活动病原37. infections通过食物传播的传染病Unit31.the surge of肾上腺素激增2.an internal medicine 内科实习期disease自体免疫4.loss of丧失持久力5. weakness短暂的虚弱6.becoming卧床不起7.a building基本构件8.an animal动物模型9.to slow 减缓神经退化10.to toxins排除毒素11.to nutrition优化营养毒素载量13.the risk of复发危险14.physician医生自我实验15.a clinical 临床试验16. electrical stimulation神经肌肉电刺激理疗师18.the impact of微量营养素的影响19.brain脑功能2 the emotional flow跟踪情绪波动21 of emotions情绪协调22. reactions心血管反应23.feeling of t亲密感觉情绪传染27.a生物心理单元28.emotional情感慰藉resonance 功能性磁共振成像30.to brain zones激活该脑部区域31.to make it使之成为强制性project无把握的项目33.medical background医学背景4.proof of概念验证35.dose剂量方案36. or concomitant conditions 并发症与合并症37 agents抗肿瘤的药剂标准疗法39. properties药理学特性溶解性差41. pharmacology体内药理学Unit41.medicine补充医学2. medicine替代医学3.a medical医疗模式4. and herbs针灸和草药treatment辅助治疗6. a and vomiting恶心，呕吐7. dental pain术后牙痛. trials临床试验9. therapy物理疗法，理疗10 modalities治疗方法11.a therapeutic治疗干预12.Research design研究设计13.magnetic e磁共振tomography正电子发射型电脑断层成像15 effect止痛效果16.biomedical生物医学界17. unit康复中心18. acupuncturist持照针灸师19.therapeutic治疗策略20.herbal草药配方21.a wide array of各式各样的并发症22. East-West medicine中西医结合23. abdominal pain急性腹痛24.to medicines施药，用药25.surgical外科手术26.scientific科学评估27. statistics患病率统计prevalence28. therapies传统疗法29. models of care询证医学模式30.stress压力处理31 nervous system周围神经系统.peripheral32.physiologic生理机制33.mechanistic and studies 机制和复原式研究34. research效益研究35.clinical临床结果36. and clinical studies临床前及临床研究37 mechanisms可能的机制38 therapies推拿治疗39. medicine顺势疗法40. medicine自然疗法41. and yoga冥想与瑜伽Unit51.a health健康危机2.physical s身体症状3.Energy and能量和活力4.be completely I from sth.对某事完全免疫5. of falseness虚假的病毒6.stressful有压力的生活方式7. t emotion健全的感情8. health脆弱的健康9.to our mind,body and spirit平衡心理、身体和精神10. life精神生活11.the to wellness通向身心健康的“路障”12. emotions被压抑的感情13. feelings and emotion真情实感14. l influences心理影响human beings十全十美的人16. teeth蛀牙17 professor营养教授18.burgeoning迅速膨胀的腰围19. water瓶装水20.caloric热量摄入21.to curb节制食欲22.grains and谷物和蛋白质儿童肥胖症24 protein精益蛋白质25. habits饮食习惯26. of life生活质量27. category乳制品类28.prevention of 糖尿病的预防29.sodium钠的含量Unit61. homes养老院2 care临终关心3.congestive heart充血性心衰24小时随叫随到5 care unit冠心病监护室6.to to treatment对治疗有反应7.skilled nursing专业护理机构8. care生命终末期护理9. care舒适护理10.hospital planner出院计划专员11 care症状护理12 care姑息疗法13. illness绝症14.chronic obstructive disease慢性阻塞性肺病15. treatments实验性治疗16.spiritual精神参谋17.to all treatment终止所有治疗18.to go through经历透析19.A PAP 巴氏涂片检查relationship医患关系21.to provide 提供常规医护22. examinations预防性检查23.off the path离开熟路，另辟蹊径24.to into a shape塑形25.To a prescription照旧处方再开药26.in vitro体外受精27. biology基础生物学research胚胎干细胞研究29.to with an outside与圈外人合作baby试管婴儿31. sciences生殖科学32.to administer施用激素33.to isolate eggs别离未成熟卵子34. observations经验观察35. work首创研究36.a fibre-optic光导纤维内窥镜37. guidelines伦理原则38.societal社会关注39. couples不孕不育夫妇40. disease遗传疾病囊泡性纤维症42.ethical伦理困境Unit71.a nursing护士站2. machines生命维持系统3 fort 舒适护理措施4.to treatments停止治疗5. decision-making process家长式决策程序6.patient给病人授权7.medical医学伦理学家伦理准则9.clinical临床理念10. care以病人为中心的护理11.patient病人自主权12.treatment治疗选择13. purview专属领域14. decisions紧急状况下做的决定15.physician对医生的限制16. and confusion焦虑与困惑17.ethical违背伦理18.family家庭医疗19.widespread广泛转移20. treatment积极治疗21 lesion原发病灶22.to recommend 建议随访23.electronic电子病历24.pulmonary肺栓塞25 puterized电脑断层扫描CT双侧浸润27.a X-ray X线胸片28.left pneumonia左下肺叶肺炎29. breathing呼吸困难30.the hospice临终关心团队31. illness慢性病32 aspects社会心理学领域33.evidence-based循证临床指南a plan of care实施治疗方案Unit81.human人体研究对象2. research生物医学研究3.accepted公认的治疗4.a formal正式方案5.the principle of有利原则6.the principle of公正原则7. agents有自主能力的行为者8. autonomy自主性减弱9.be risk of harm使……面临受害危险10.Hippocratic希波克拉底誓言11.fairness in分配的公正性rmed知情同意13.fair and outcomes公正的程序和结果14.the table手术台15.an ethical伦理责任16.a neurosurgeon儿科神经外科医生pediatric17.to the surgery做手术血流19. care重症监护20. father义父21. father生父22. needs心理需要23. judgment医学判断24. therapy职业疗法25.to meningitis感染脑膜炎26.to die of an 死于感染27.blood血管28.imbalances in循环的不平衡29.the of human research subjects人类研究对象的安宁30.to approve or all research activit ies批准或不批准所有的研究活动31.to review a审查一个研究计划32.at risk of civil or criminal有民事或刑事责任的危险参考答案Unit 11. neuron 神经2. office visit(诊所)就诊3. scan 扫描4. medical practice 行医5. blood pressure 血压6. maintenance(健康)保持7. mammogram 乳房Ｘ线8. physical 身体9. side effect 副作用10. panic 恐慌11. practicing 执业12. transplant 移植13. budget 预算14. tablet 药片15. childproof 防孩子16. randomized 随机17. allocation(随机)分配18. prognosis 预后19. control 对照20. follow-up 跟踪21. ward 病房22. hepatitis 肝炎23. malaise 身体不适24. metabolism 代谢肝26.pathophysiology 病理生理27. literature 文献28. investigation 调查29. incidence 率30. epidemiology 流行病学31. bed rest 卧床休息32. hospital stay 住院33. jaundice 黄疸34. course 病程35. intravenous 静脉注射36. diastolic 舒张37. perfusion 灌注38. primary 初级39. bypass(冠脉)旁路40. informed 知情41. humanitarian 人道主义42. the Red Cross 红十字会43. relief 援助44. casualty 人员伤亡45. emergency 紧急Unit 21. re-emerging 再现2. strain 变种3. vaccine 疫苗4. infectious 传染性的5. emerging 新出现6. prevention 预防7. plague 鼠疫8. pathogenic 病原的9. authorities 机构10. drug resistanc 抗药性11. course 疗程12. scarlet fever 猩红热13. virulence 毒性14. pandemic 大流行15. antigen 抗原16. genetic 基因的17. neurological 神经性18. immunity 免疫力19. infrastructure 基础设施20. case 病例21. swine 猪22. tuberculosis 结核23. morbidity/incidence 发病率24. professionals 专业人士25. latent 潜伏26. skin test 皮试27. screening 筛查28. interferon 干扰素29. toxicity 毒性30. curable 可治愈的31. intractable 难治的32. pathogen 病原体33. ulcer 溃疡34. exposure 接触(带病者)35. recombination 重组36. bioterrorism 生物恐怖活动37. foodborne 生物传播Unit 31. adrenaline 肾上腺素2. residency 实习3. autoimmune 自身免疫4. stamina 持久力5. transient 短暂的6. bedridden 卧床不起7. building block 基本构件8. model 模型9. neurodegeneration 神经退化10.excrete 排除(毒素)11.optimize 优化12.load 载量13.relapse 复发14.self-experimentation 自我实验15.trial 试验16.neuromuscular 神经肌肉17.therapist 治疗师微量营养素19.function 功能20.track 跟踪21.coordination 协调22.cardiovascular 心血管23.rapport 亲密24.synchronization 同步25.contagion 传染26.regulate 调节生物心理28.solace 慰藉29.imaging ＭＲＩ30.activate 激活31.mandatory 强制性32.dubious 无把握的33.background 背景34.concept 概念35.regimen 方案36plications 并发症37.anti-tumor 抗肿瘤38.standard标准的39.pharmacological 药理学的40.solubility 溶解性41.in vivo 体内Unit 41. complementary 补充2. alternative 替代(医学)3. paradigm 模式4. acupuncture 针灸5. adjunct 辅助6. nausea 恶心7. post-operative 术后8. clinical 临床的9. physical therapy 理疗10. therapeutic 治疗(方法)11. intervention 干预12. design 设计13. resonance 共振14. emission 发射ＰＥＴ15. analgesia 止痛16. establishment(生物医学)界17. rehabilitation 康复18. licensed 持照(针灸师)19. strategies 策略20. formulas 配方21. wide array 各式各样的22. integrative(中西医)结合23. acute 急性的24. administer 给药25. procedure 程序26. evaluation 评估27. prevalence 患病率28. conventional 传统(疗法)29. evidence-based 循证的30. management(压力)处理31. peripheral 外周／外围32. mechanisms 机制33. reductionistic 复原式的34.cost-effectiveness 效益35. outcomes 结果36. preclinical 临床前37. plausible 可能的38. manipulative 推拿39. homeopathic 顺势40. naturopathic 自然(疗法)41. meditation 冥想Unit 51. crisis 危机2. symptoms 症状3. vitality 活力4. immune 免疫5. virus 病毒6. lifestyle 生活方式7. robust 健全的8. fragile 脆弱的9. balance 平衡10. spiritual 精神的11. blockages 路障12. repressed 被压抑的13. genuine 真实的(真情实感)14. physiological 心理15. integrated 整合的(十全十美)16. decaying teeth 蛀牙17. nutrition 营养18. waistline 腰围19. bottled 瓶装(水)20. intake 摄入21. appetite 食欲22. protein 蛋白质23. obesity 肥胖症24. lean 精益的(蛋白质)25. dietary 饮食(习惯)26. quality 质量27. dairy 乳制品28. diabetes 糖尿病29. content 含量Unit 61. nursing home 养老院2. hospice 临终(关心)3. failure(心)衰4.available around-the-clock24小时随叫随到5. coronary 冠心病6. respond(对治疗有)反应7. facility 机构8. end-of-life 终末期9. comfort 舒适的(护理)10. hospital discharge 出院11. care(症状)护理12. palliative 姑息的13. fatal illness 绝症14. pulmonary 肺的ＣＯＰＤ15. experimental 实验性的16. advisors 参谋17. discontinue 终止18. dialysis 透析19. smear 涂片20. provider 医患关系21. care-as-usual 常规医护22. preventive 预防性23. beaten 常用的off thebeaten path 离开熟路,另辟蹊径24. mold into the shape 塑形25. renew 重新开始torenew a prescription 照旧处方再开药26. fertilization 授精27. basic 基础的(生物学)28. stem cell 干细胞29. collaborate 合作30. test-tube 试管(婴儿)31. reproductive 生殖的32. hormones 激素33. immature 未成熟的34. empirical 经验(观察)35. pioneering 首创的36. endoscope 内镜37. ethical 伦理的38. concern(社会)关注39. infertile 不孕不育的40. inherited 遗传性的41. fibrosis 纤维化42. dilemmas 困境Unit 71. station(护士)站2. life-support 生命维持(系统)3. measures 护理措施4. withdraw 停止(治疗)5. paternalistic 家长式的6. empowerment 授权7. ethicists 伦理学家8. principles 准则9. ideal 理念10.patient-centered 以病人为中心的11. autonomy 自主权12. options 选择13. exclusive purview 专属的(领域)14. emergency 紧急(决定)15. restraint 限制16. anxiety 焦虑17. transgression 违背18. practice(家庭)医疗19. metastases(广泛)转移20. aggressive 积极的21. primary 原发22. follow-up 随访23. record 病历24. embolism 栓塞25. tomography 断层摄像ＣＴ26. infiltrates 浸润27. chest 胸28. lower-lobe 左下叶29. labored(呼吸)困难30. team 团队31. chronic 慢性的32. psychosocial 社会心理33. guidelines 指南34. implement 实施(治疗方案)Unit 1 动脉旁路1.neuron overload 神经过载2.a typical office visit 典型的诊所就诊3.DEXA scan DEXA扫描4.medical practicing 行医5.blood pressure control 血压控制6.health maintenance 健康保持7.Mammogram report 乳房X线检查报告8.physical examination 体检9.side effect of a medication药物的副作用10.perpetual panic 永久的恐慌11.practicing physicians 职业医生12.transplant field 移植领域13.medical budget 医疗预算14.paracetamol tablet 扑热息痛药片15.childproof cap 防孩子打开的盖子16.randomized clinical trial随机临床试验17.Random allocation 随机分配18.patient prognosis 病人的预后19.control group 对照组20.a 10-year follow-up study10年的跟踪研究21.a medical ward 内科病房22.infectious hepatitis 传染性肝炎23.Severe malaise 身体严重不适24.bilirubin metabolism 胆红素代谢25.permanent liver damage永久的肝损伤26.exacerbatepathophysiology 加重病理生理状况27.Medical literature 医学文献28.clinical investigation 临床调查29.incedence of relapse 复发率30.clinical epidemiology 临床流行病学31.strict bed rest 严格的卧床休息32.hospital stay 住院33.recurrent jaundice 反复发作的黄疸34.clinical course 临床病程35.intravenous morphine 静脉注射吗啡36.diastolic blood pressure舒张压37.brain perfusion 大脑血灌输38.primary care初级保健39.aorto-coronary arterialbypass主动脉冠状助工作rmed treatmentdecision 知情治疗决41.an internationalhumanitarian group一个国际人道组织42.the Red Cross 红十字会43.The first major reliefeffort 第一次重大援44.casualty of war 战争中的人员伤亡45.emergency relief efforts紧急援助Unit 31.the surge of adrenaline 肾上腺素激增2.an internal medicineresidency 内科实习期3.an autoimmune disease自体免疫4.loss of stamina 丧失持久力5.transient weakness 短暂的虚弱6.becoming bedridden 卧床不起7.a building block基本构件8.an animal model 动物模型9.to slow neurodegeneration 减缓神经退化10.to excrete toxins排除毒素11.to optimize nutrition 优化营养12.toxic load毒素载量13.the risk of relapse 复发危险14.physician self-experimentation医生自我实验15.a clinical trial 临床试验16.neuromuscular electrical stimulation 神经肌肉电刺激17.physical therapist 理疗师18.the impact of micronutrients 微量营养素的影响19.brain function 脑功能20.track the emotional flow 跟踪情绪波动21.coordination of emotions 情绪协调22.cardiovascular reactions 心血管反应23.feeling of rapport 亲密感觉24.rapid entrain 迅速同步25.emotional contagion 情绪传染26.to mutually regulation 互相调节27.a psychobiological unit生物心理单元28.emotional solace情感慰藉29.functional magneticresonance imaging功能性磁共振成像30.to activate brain zones激活该脑部区域31.to make it mandatory 使之成为强制性32.a(n) dubious project无把握的项目33.medical background医学背景34.proof of concept概念验证35.dose regimen 剂量方案36 plications orconcomitant conditions并发症与合并症37.anti-tumor agents 抗肿瘤的药剂38.standard therapy标准疗法39.pharmacology properties药理学特性40.poor solubility 溶解性差41.in vivo pharmacology 体内药理学Unit 51.a health crisis 健康危机2.physical symptoms 身体症状3.Energy and vitality 能量和活力4.be completely immunefrom sth.对某事完全免疫5.virus of falseness 虚假的病毒6.stressful lifestyle 有压力的生活方式7.robust emotion 健全的感情8.fragile health 脆弱的健康9.to balance our mind ,bodyand spirit平衡心理、身体和精神10.spiritual life精神生活11.the blockage to wellness通向身心健康的“路障”12.repressed emotions 被压抑的感情13.genuine feelings andemotion真情实感14.physiological influences心理影响15.fully integrated humanbeings 十全十美的人16.decaying teeth 蛀牙17.nutrition professor 营养教授18.burgeoning waistline 迅速膨胀的腰围19.bottled water 瓶装水20.caloric intake 热量摄入21.to curb appetite 节制食欲22.grains and protein 谷物和蛋白质23.childhood obesity 儿童肥胖症24.lean protein 精益蛋白质25.dietary habits 饮食习惯26.quality of life 生活质量27.diary category 乳制品类28.prevention of diabetes糖尿病的预防29.sodium content 钠的含量Unit 71.a nursing station 护士站2.life-support machines 生命维持系统3 fort measures 舒适护理措施4.to withdraw treatments停止治疗5.paternalistic decision-making process 家长式决策程序6.patient empowerment 给病人授权7.medical ethicists 医学伦理学家8.ethical principles 伦理准则9.clinical ideal 临床理念10.patient-centered care 以病人为中心的护理11.patient autonomy 病人自主权12.treatment options 治疗选择13.exclusive purview 专属领域14.emergency decisions 紧急状况下做的决定15.physician restraint 对医生的限制16.anxiety and confusion 焦虑与困惑17.ethical transgression 违背伦理18.family practice 家庭医疗19.widespread metastases 广泛转移20.aggressive treatment 积极治疗21.primary lesion 原发病灶22.to recommend follow-up 建议随访23.electronic record 电子病历24.pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞25 puterized tomography CT，电脑断层扫描26.bilateral infiltrates双侧浸润27.a(n) chest X-ray(X线胸片)28.left lower-lobe pneumonia左下肺叶肺炎borcd breathing呼吸困难30.the hospice team临终关心团队31.chronic illness慢性病32.psychosocial aspects 社会心理学领域33.evidence-based guidelines 循证临床指南34.to implement a plan of care 实施治疗方案。
慢性组赛性肺气肿 医学英语
Sputum The damaged airways make a lot
more mucus than normal. This forms sputum (phlegm). You tend to cough up a lot of sputum each day.
Chest infections are more common if you
have COPD. Wheezing with cough and breathlessness may become worse than usual if you have a chest infection. Sputum usually turns yellow or green during a chest infection.
Chronic bronchitis or emphysema can cause obstruction (narrowing) of the airways. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema commonly occur together. The term COPD is used to describe airways which are narrowed due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both.
Thank You
慢性阻塞性肺
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD)
COPD的许多表象
© Calverley
What is COPD?
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease) is a general term which
医学英语(住院医师规范化培训)
Primary Care Medicine Recommendations目录1 Principles of Primary Care 基本医疗原则 4 Practice of Primary Care 基本医疗的实践Diagnostic Tests 诊断性试验Health Maintenance and Role of Screening 保健和筛查Risk and Prognosis 风险和预后Choosing Treatment Options 治疗的选择Immunization 免疫接种2 Systemic Problems 全身性问题 22 Chronic Fatigue 慢性疲劳Fever 发热HIV-1 Infection HIV感染Lymphadenopathy 淋巴结病Overweight and Obesity 超重和肥胖Weight loss 消瘦3 Cardiovascular Problems 心血管问题 30 Aortic Regurgitation主动脉瓣反流Aortic Stenosis主动脉瓣狭窄Arterial Insufficiency动脉供血不足Asymptomatic Systolic Murmur 无症状的收缩期杂音Atrial Fibrillation心房颤动Bacterial Endocarditis细菌性心内膜炎Cardiovascular Rehabilitation心血管疾病康复Chest Pain 胸痛Congestive Heart Failure充血性心力衰竭Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis 深静脉血栓Exercise锻炼Hypercholesterolemia高胆固醇血症Hypertension 高血压Leg Edema 下肢水肿Mitral Regurgitation二尖瓣返流Rheumatic Fever风湿热Stable Angina稳定型心绞痛Stress Testing应激试验Superficial Thrombophlebitis血栓性浅静脉炎Syncope晕厥Valvular Heart Disease心脏瓣膜疾病Varicose Veins静脉曲张Venous Insufficiency静脉机能不全Ventricular Irritability心室激惹状态4 Respiratory Problems 呼吸问题 34 Asthma 哮喘Bronchitis and Pneumonia 气管炎和肺炎Chronic Cough 慢性咳嗽Chronic Dyspnea 慢性呼吸困难Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease慢性阻塞性肺疾患Clubbing杵状指Common Cold普通感冒Hemoptysis 咯血Interstitial Lung Disease间质性肺病Occupational and Environment Respiatory Disease 职业和环境性肺疾病Pleural Effusions 胸腔积液Sarcoidosis结节病Sleep Apnea 睡眠呼吸暂停Smoking Cessation 戒烟Solitary Pulmonary Nodule 孤立性肺结节Tuberculosis 肺结核5 Gastrointestinal Problems 胃肠道问题 36 Abdominal Pain 腹痛Anorectal Complaints肛门直肠不适Cirrhosis and Chronic Liver Failure肝硬化和慢性肝衰竭Constipation便秘Diarrhea腹泻Diverticular Disease憩室病Dysphagia吞咽困难External Hernia外疝Gallstones胆结石Gastrointestinal Bleeding胃肠道出血Heartburn and Reflux烧心和反流Inflammatory Bowel Disease炎性肠病Irritable Bowel Syndrome肠应激综合征Jaundice黄疸Nausea and Vomiting恶心和呕吐Nonulcer Dyspepsia无溃疡性消化不良Pancreatitis胰腺炎Peptic Ulcer Disease消化性溃疡病Serum Transaminase(Aminotransferase)Elevation血清转氨酶升高Viral Hepatitis病毒性肝炎6 Hematologic Problems血液系统问题 39 Anticoagulant Therapy抗凝治疗Anemia贫血Bleeding Problems出血问题Erythrocytosis红细胞增多Sickle Cell Disease镰状细胞(贫血)病7 Oncologic Problems肿瘤学问题 40 Bladder Cancer膀胱癌Breast Cancer乳腺癌Cancer(General)癌症(总论)Cervical Cancer子宫颈癌Colorectal Cancer结肠直肠癌Endometrial Cancer子宫内膜癌Esophageal Cancer食管癌Gastric Cancer胃癌Hodgkin’s Disease霍奇金病Lung Cancer肺癌Non-Hodgkin’a Lymphoma非霍奇金淋巴瘤Oral Cancer口腔癌Ovarian Cancer卵巢癌Pancreatic Cancer胰腺癌Renal Cell Carcinoma(Hypernephroma)肾细胞癌(肾上腺样瘤)Skin Cancer皮肤癌Testicular Cancer睾丸癌Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Cancer甲状腺结节和甲状腺癌Tumor of Unknown Origin起源不明的肿瘤Vaginal Cancer阴道癌Vulvar Cancer外阴癌8 Endocrinologic Problems内分泌学问题Diabetes Insipidus尿崩症Diabetes Mellitus糖尿病Galactorrhea and Hyperprolactinemia乳头溢液高催乳素血症Glucocorticoid Therapy糖皮质激素治疗Gynecomastia男子女性型乳房Hirsutism多毛症Hypercalcemia高钙血症Hyperthyroidism甲状腺机能亢进Hypoglycemia低血糖Hypothyroidism甲状腺机能减退9 Gynecologic Problems妇产科学问题Breast Masses and Nipple Discharge乳房肿块和乳头溢液Fertility Control节育Infertility不育症Menopause绝经Menstrual or Pelvic Pain月经或痛经Secondary Amenorrhea继发性闭经Unplanned Pregnancy计划外妊娠Vaginal Bleeding阴道出血Vaginal Discharge阴道分泌物Vulvar Pruritus外阴搔痒10 Genitourinary Problems泌尿生殖器问题Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia良性前列腺增生Chlamydial Infection衣原体感染Gonorrhea淋病Hematuria血尿Incontinence and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction尿失禁和下尿路功能不全Nephrolithiasis肾结石Prostatitis前列腺炎Proteinuria蛋白尿Renal Failure肾衰Scrotal Pain,Masses,and Swelling阴囊痛、肿块和肿胀Sexually Transmitted Diseases性传播疾病Syphilis梅毒Urethritis in Men男性尿道炎Urinar Tract Infection尿路感染11 Musculoskeletal Problems肌肉与骨骼问题 42 Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia无症状性高尿酸血症Back Pain背痛Elbow,Wrist,and Hand Pain肘,腕和手痛Fibromyalgia纤维肌痛Foot and Ankle Pain脚和踝痛Giant Cell Arteritis巨细胞性动脉炎Gout痛风Hip Pain髋痛Knee Pain膝痛Lyme Disease莱姆病Monoarticular Arthritis单关节的关节炎Muscle Cramps肌肉痛性痉挛Neck Pain颈痛Osteoarthritis骨关节炎Paget’s Disease佩吉特病Polyarticular Complaints多关节的问题Polymyalgia Rheumatica风湿性多发性肌痛Raynaud’s Phenomenon雷诺现象Rheumatoid Arthritis类风湿性关节炎Shoulder Pain肩痛12 Neurologic Problems神经病学问题Bell’s Palsy面瘫Dementia痴呆Dizziness头晕Focal Neurologic Complaints局部神经的主诉Headache头痛Multiple Sclerosis多发性硬化Parkinson’s Disease震颤麻痹Seizures癫痫发作Transient Ischemic Attack and Asymptomatic Carotid Bruit短暂性缺血发作和无症状性颈动脉杂音Tremor震颤Trigeminal Neuralgia(Tic Douloureux) 三叉神经痛13 Dermatologic Problems皮肤病学问题 47 Acne痤疮Aphthous Stomatitis溃疡性口炎Bites(Animal and Human)咬伤(动物和人)Cellulitis蜂窝织炎Corns and calluses鸡眼和胼胝Dermatitis(Atopic or Contact) 皮炎(过敏或接触性) Dermatitis(Seborrheic) 皮炎(脂溢性)Dry Skin干性皮肤Excessive Sweating出汗过多Fungal Infections霉菌感染Hair Loss脱发Herpes Simplex单纯疱疹Herpes Zoster带状疱疹Intertrigo and Intertriginous Dermatoses间擦疹和擦烂性皮肤病Minor Burns轻度烧伤Pigmentation Disturbances色素沉着障碍Pruritus搔痒症Psoriasis银屑病Purpura紫癜Pyoderma脓皮病Rosacea and Other Acneiform Dermatoses酒渣鼻和其它痤疮样的皮肤病Scabies and Pediculosis疥疮和虱病Skin Ulceration皮肤溃疡Urticaria and Angioedema荨麻疹和血管性水肿Warts疣14 Ophthalmologic Problems眼科学问题Age-Related Macular Degeneration与年龄相关的黄斑退行性改变Cataracts白内障Contact Lenses接触镜Diabetic Retinopathy糖尿病性视网膜病Dry Eyes干眼Excessive Tearing多泪Exophthalmos眼球突出Eye Pain目痛Glaucoma青光眼Impaired Vision视觉损伤Red Eye红眼Refractive Surgery屈光手术Visual Disturbances视觉障碍15 Ear,Nose,and Throat Problems耳鼻喉问题 48 Epistaxis鼻衄Facial Pain and Swelling面痛和肿胀Halitosis口臭Hearing Loss听力损失Hiccups呃逆Hoarseness声嘶Nasal Congestion and Discharge鼻充血和分泌物Otitis耳炎Pharyngitis咽炎Sinusitis鼻窦炎Smell Disturbances嗅觉障碍Snoring打鼾Taste Disturbances味觉障碍Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction颞下颌关节功能障碍Tinnitus耳鸣16 Psychiatric and Behavioral Problems精神病学和行为问题Alcohol Abuse酗酒Angry Patient生气的病人Anxiety焦虑Depression抑郁Eating Disorders进食障碍疾患Insomnia失眠Nonmalignant Pain非恶性的痛Sexual Dysfunction性功能障碍Somatization Disorders躯体化障碍Substance Abuse精神性药物滥用17 Allied Fields相关领域Adolescents青春期Alternative Therapies替代疗法Practice of Primary Care基本医疗的实践Management处理Organize PCP practice to provide coordinated, comprehensive, and personal care, available on first contact and continuous basis.Tasks of primary care include组织初级保健医生行医以提供协调的、全面的、个体化的保健服务，具有首诊的可及性和以连续性为基础的服务。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病的名词解释
慢性阻塞性肺疾病的名词解释慢性阻塞性肺疾病，英文简称为COPD（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease），是一种持续进展且不可逆转的呼吸系统疾病，主要表现为气流受限、气道阻塞和呼吸困难等症状。
它是全球范围内最常见的慢性疾病之一，不仅给患者的生活质量带来很大的影响，同时也是世界上导致死亡的主要原因之一。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病通常由吸入有害的气体、颗粒物和烟草烟雾引起的慢性气道炎症所导致。
这些有害物质引起气道内的炎症反应，导致气道壁变厚，气道腔内分泌物和黏液增多，同时损害肺组织和肺泡，导致气道收缩和过度扩张。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病主要包括两种常见的疾病，即慢性支气管炎和肺气肿。
慢性支气管炎是指支气管壁慢性炎症引起的气道阻塞，常伴有咳嗽、咳痰和气短等症状。
而肺气肿则是指肺组织弹性减退，导致气道过度扩张的情况，常见症状包括呼吸急促、胸闷和气短。
患者在早期可能没有明显的症状，但随着疾病的进展，症状会逐渐加重。
在严重的情况下，患者可能出现呼吸困难，需要依赖氧气供应进行呼吸。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病还会导致患者容易感染呼吸道，以及出现并发症如肺心病和呼吸窘迫综合征等。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病不仅对患者的身体健康造成严重影响，而且给其生活和社交活动带来负面的影响。
患者常常会感到气短，缺乏精力，无法进行日常的轻度活动，甚至连简单的步行都感到困难。
这会导致患者常常需要在床上休息，无法像正常人一样参与到家庭、社会和工作中去。
同时，由于症状的不断加重，患者的心理状态可能也会受到负面影响。
因此，对于慢性阻塞性肺疾病的治疗非常重要。
早期干预和正确的治疗可以有效减缓疾病的进展，并提高患者的生活质量。
常见的治疗方法包括药物治疗、氧疗、肺康复和手术治疗等。
药物治疗一般包括支气管扩张剂和吸入糖皮质激素等，可以帮助舒张气道、减轻炎症反应，从而改善患者的呼吸功能。
氧疗则是通过给患者提供额外氧气，以纠正低氧血症的情况。
肺康复旨在通过运动训练和教育指导等手段，帮助患者恢复身体功能，减轻症状。