On the Significance of Contrastive Study between English and Chinese 浅谈英汉语言对比对研究

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对比论证英文作文

对比论证英文作文When it comes to comparing and contrasting, there are a few things to consider. On one hand, there are similarities between the two subjects that cannot be ignored. On the other hand, there are also differences that set them apart. It's important to take a closer look at both sides in order to fully understand the relationship between the two.First and foremost, it's important to acknowledge the similarities between the two subjects. For example, both subjects may share similar characteristics or qualitiesthat make them comparable. This can help to establish a common ground and provide a starting point for the comparison.On the flip side, it's equally important to recognize the differences between the two subjects. These differences can range from minor details to major distinctions that significantly impact the subjects' overall nature. By acknowledging these differences, we can gain a deeperunderstanding of each subject's unique qualities.In addition to similarities and differences, it's also important to consider the implications of these comparisons. By examining how the two subjects relate to each other, we can gain insight into their individual strengths and weaknesses. This can be valuable in making informed decisions or drawing meaningful conclusions.In conclusion, comparing and contrasting two subjects can be a valuable exercise in understanding their relationship. By acknowledging both their similarities and differences, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of each subject's unique qualities. This can ultimatelylead to a deeper appreciation for the complexity and diversity of the world around us.。

对比学术英语作文模板

对比学术英语作文模板英文回答：Comparative Analysis of Academic English Essay Templates。

Introduction。

Academic English essays adhere to specific structural conventions to facilitate effective communication and critical thinking. Essay templates provide a framework for organizing and developing ideas, ensuring consistency and clarity. This analysis compares and contrasts two widely used essay templates: the IMRAD and the Toulmin Model.IMRAD Template (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion)。

Introduction: Provides background information, states the research question, and presents the thesis statement.Methods: Describes the research design, methodology, and data collection procedures used.Results: Presents the findings of the research, typically in the form of tables, graphs, or statistical analyses.Discussion: Interprets the results, discusses their implications, and draws conclusions based on the evidence presented.Toulmin Model (Claim, Evidence, Warrant, Backing, Qualifier, Rebuttal)。

英语专业不同方向的毕业论文题目

英语专业不同方向的毕业论文题目我们在开始写作论文时，第一步就是选题，而选题是否热门、实用，直接影响着论文的质量，那么我们该如何选题呢?下面小编给大家带来英语专业不同方向的毕业论文题目参考，希望能帮助到大家!最新英语专业论文题目1、女性主义视角下《倾城之恋》与《飘》中女主人公的比较研究2、从目的论的角度下看商务英语翻译3、从翻译美学看《名家散文选读》中译本的审美再现4、教材中的词汇输入频率对二语词汇习得的影响5、美国总统奥巴马就职演说的隐喻学分析6、背诵在高中英语写作中的应用7、英语幽默的语用研究8、语篇中的词汇衔接模式及其连贯建构功能9、语音意识和阅读能力相关性实验研究10、交替传译中自我监控机制与自我修正模式研究11、中国英语专业学习者形容词型式评价取向研究12、艾丽丝·默多克小说中女性自我身份的解构与重构13、转喻在新闻语篇中的组织功能14、词汇同义关系在语境中的构建：词汇语用学视角15、推而行之：《中庸》英译研究16、建国以来英语专业主导教材发展走向及其启示17、语言维度里的哈罗德·品特戏剧18、交替传译中笔记的心理语言学研究19、论菲利普·罗思后期小说的历史解读与文学话语20、过渡语语用学视角下的我国大学生语用能力评估研究21、美学视角下的文学翻译艺术研究22、《人民日报》中(1987-2007)农民工的话语再现23、英语专业研究生学术能力的认知情感阐释与多维发展研究24、法庭审判话语的批评性分析25、信息型文本中长句的翻译26、国内三套高中英语教材对比评价分析27、中国初中生英语语法学习成效调查分析28、视觉语法视角下电影《当幸福来敲门》的多模态话语分析29、从翻译美学角度看张培基英译散文《故都的秋》30、从功能对等角度浅析英语广告中双关语的运用和翻译策略31、字幕翻译中文化因素的处理32、《混血儿》(21-23章)翻译实践报告33、文学伦理学批评视角下的《紫颜色》34、《野草在歌唱》的生态女性主义解读35、英汉饮食习语中的概念隐喻36、铁路机车技术资料英译汉翻译实践报告37、从目的论视角分析电影《孔子》的字幕翻译38、中英外交语言中模糊语的比较研究39、功能对等理论与信达雅翻译论的比较研究40、操纵理论视角下字幕组的翻译41、基于顺应论的英语商务谈判中模糊限制语研究42、目的论和接受美学指导下的电影字幕翻译43、从目的论视角看外交口译中国特色词汇英译44、高中英语课堂教学中学生参与情况调查研究45、从葛浩文英译《红高粱》看文学翻译中的文化误读46、高中英语写作教学问题调查研究47、中美公益广告文化价值观对比48、英若诚及其戏剧翻译研究49、高三学生英语课堂焦虑状况及其与英语学习策略和英语成绩的关系50、英汉新词对比研究最新旅游英语专业论文题目1.语用翻译与文化语境差异Pragmatic Translation and Contextual Difference BetweenCultures2.谈汉语普通话对英语发音的影响The Influence of Chinese Common Speech on English Pronunciation3.英汉新词语折射的社会文化心态The Projection on Social Cultural Psychology in E-C Neologisms4.浅析英汉新词语产生的特征 A Preliminary Analysis on Special Features in the Development of E-C Neologism5.谈英语听力能力的培养On Cultivation of Listening Comprehension Competence6.浅谈英语方言的形成与发展A Brief Talk on English Dialects' Formation and Development7.英汉词语翻译的形象转换The Conversion of Images in E-C Idioms Translation8.英汉新词语双向转换的语义确立The Semantic Construction of English-Chinese Neologisms Translation9.英汉习语的喻体形式对比A Contrastive Studies on Vehicles of E-Idioms10.英汉谚语的语言结构与修辞The Structural Form and Language Rhetoric of E-C proverbs11.浅谈莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》A Brief Comment on Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice12.哈姆雷特人物性格分析Hamlet's Characters as a Humanist13.狄更斯《雾都孤儿》的社会意义The Social Significance of Dickens' Oliver Theist14.马克。

significance and novelty of this paper

significance and novelty of this paperIntroductionIn the field of academic research, the significance and novelty of a paper play a crucial role in determining its impact and importance. A paper that is deemed to be significant and novel is more likely to attract attention from researchers, influence the direction of future studies, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in a particular field.Significance of the PaperThe significance of a paper refers to its importance and relevance in addressing a specific research question. It is essential for a paper to have a clear significance to justify its publication and funding. The significance of this paper can be seen in several aspects:1.Addressing an important problem: This paper tackles a significantproblem that has implications for both theoretical understandingand practical applications in the field.2.Contributing to existing knowledge: The findings and conclusionsof this paper contribute to existing knowledge by filling in gaps in the literature or challenging previously held assumptions.3.Impacting policy or practice: The insights provided by this paperhave the potential to influence policy-making or inform practical applications in relevant industries or sectors.4.Advancing the field: This paper presents new methodologies,techniques, or models that can advance the field and potentiallylead to further research and discoveries.Novelty of the PaperThe novelty of a paper refers to its originality and uniqueness in terms of the research question, methodology, or findings. A novel paper bringsfresh perspectives and insights to the field, pushing the boundaries of knowledge and exploring new frontiers. The novelty of this paper can be seen in several aspects:1.Applying a novel approach: This paper introduces a novel approach,methodology, or framework to address the research question. Theinnovative nature of the approach adds a new dimension to theexisting body of knowledge.2.Presenting new findings: The findings presented in this paper arenovel and have not been reported in previous studies. These newfindings contribute to the field by expanding our understanding of the research question.3.Challenging existing theories or assumptions: This paperchallenges existing theories or assumptions by providing evidencethat contradicts or modifies previous understanding. Thisintellectual challenge leads to a paradigm shift in the field.bining disciplines or perspectives: The paper bridges multipledisciplines or perspectives, bringing together different schoolsof thought and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. By doing so, it opens up new avenues for research and exploration.ConclusionIn conclusion, the significance and novelty of a paper are essential factors that determine its impact and importance in the field of academic research. This paper demonstrates its significance by addressing an important problem, contributing to existing knowledge, impacting policy or practice, and advancing the field. Its novelty is demonstrated through the application of a novel approach, presentationof new findings, challenge to existing theories or assumptions, and integration of different disciplines or perspectives. By recognizing and highlighting the significance and novelty of this paper, we can appreciate its potential impact and value in shaping the future of research in its respective field.。

The Significance of Historical Preservation

The Significance of HistoricalPreservationHistorical preservation is a topic that holds significant importance in our society. It encompasses the protection, conservation, and restoration of buildings, objects, landscapes, and other artifacts with historical significance. The significance of historical preservation is multifaceted, as it not only helps to maintain the cultural identity of a community but also contributes to the understanding and appreciation of our past. In this essay, I will explore the various perspectives on the significance of historical preservation, including its impact on cultural identity, education, tourism, and economic development. One of the most important aspects of historical preservation is its role in maintaining the cultural identity of a community. Historical buildings, landmarks, andartifacts are often deeply intertwined with the history and traditions of a particular place. By preserving these elements, we are able to safeguard theunique cultural heritage of a community and pass it on to future generations. This helps to create a sense of continuity and connection to the past, fostering a strong sense of identity and belonging among community members. Furthermore, historical preservation plays a crucial role in education. By preservinghistorical sites and artifacts, we are able to provide valuable learning opportunities for people of all ages. These sites serve as living classrooms, where individuals can engage with history in a tangible and meaningful way. This hands-on experience allows for a deeper understanding of the past, fostering a sense of empathy and connection with those who came before us. Additionally, historical preservation provides a platform for ongoing research and scholarship, contributing to our collective knowledge of history. In addition to its cultural and educational significance, historical preservation also has a substantialimpact on tourism. Historical sites and landmarks are often major attractions for tourists, drawing visitors from near and far. These sites not only provide economic benefits to the local community but also serve as a means of sharing the cultural heritage of a place with a wider audience. By preserving historical sites, communities are able to capitalize on their unique history and attract tourism,which in turn supports local businesses and stimulates economic growth. Moreover, historical preservation can also have a positive impact on economic development. Preserving historical buildings and landmarks can contribute to the revitalization of neighborhoods and downtown areas, attracting new businesses and residents. Additionally, the restoration and maintenance of historical sites often require the expertise of skilled professionals, providing employment opportunities and contributing to the local economy. Furthermore, the preservation of historical sites can increase property values and stimulate investment in the surrounding area, leading to overall economic development. In conclusion, historical preservation holds significant importance in our society for a variety of reasons. From maintaining cultural identity and providing educational opportunities to stimulating tourism and economic development, the significance of historical preservation is undeniable. By safeguarding our historical sites and artifacts, we are able to connect with the past, enrich our understanding of history, and create a sense of continuity for future generations. It is essential that we continue to prioritize and support historical preservation efforts, recognizing the profound impact they have on our communities and society as a whole.。

The Significance of Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is an essential skill that allows individuals to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information and ideas in order to make informed decisions and solve problems effectively. It involves the ability to think logically, rationally, and objectively, while considering multiple perspectives and being open to new ideas.The significance of critical thinking cannot be overstated, as it plays a crucial role in various aspects of life, including education, work, and everyday decision-making. In the context of education, critical thinking is vital for students to develop a deep understanding of the subjects they are studying. It enables them to question, challenge, and evaluate the information they are being presented with, rather than simply accepting it at face value. This not only leads to a more meaningful and comprehensive learning experience but also equips students with the skills they need to become independent and lifelong learners.In the workplace, critical thinking is highly valued by employers as it allows individuals to make well-reasoned decisions, solve complex problems, and innovate. Employees who possess strong critical thinking skills are able to gather and analyze relevant information, identify patterns and trends, and make sound judgments based on evidence and logic. This is particularly important in today's fast-paced and competitive business environment, where the ability to adapt to change and think creatively is essential for success.Furthermore, critical thinking is essential for individuals to become responsible and informed citizens. In a world where information is readilyavailable and often conflicting, the ability to critically evaluate and discern the credibility of sources is crucial. It allows people to make informed decisions about political, social, and ethical issues, and to engage in constructive and well-informed discussions and debates.Moreover, critical thinking is closely related to problem-solving skills. By approaching problems and challenges with a critical mindset, individuals are able to break down complex issues into manageable parts, identify the root causes, and develop effective solutions. This not only leads to more efficient problem-solving but also encourages innovation and creativity.In addition, critical thinking fosters intellectual humility and open-mindedness, as individuals learn to consider and appreciate different perspectives and ideas. It also encourages intellectual independence and self-reflection, as people are encouraged to question their own assumptions and beliefs, and to consider alternative viewpoints.Finally, critical thinking is essential for personal growth and development. By honing this skill, individuals are better equipped to make informed decisions about their lives, relationships, and personal goals. They are able to weigh the pros and cons of different options, anticipate the potential consequences of their actions, and make choices that align with their values and aspirations.In conclusion, critical thinking is of paramount significance in various aspects of life. It empowers individuals to become active and responsible learners, effective problem-solvers, informed citizens, and thoughtful decision-makers. By fostering this skill, we can cultivate a society of independent and analytical thinkers who are able to navigate the complexities of the modern world with confidence and competence.。

the conclusion is significance to study -回复

the conclusion is significance to study -回复题为"Significance of studying [the conclusion is significance to study]"的文章，我将分步回答这个问题。

第一步：引言（Introduction）（字数：100-200字）在引言部分，我们可以简要地介绍该主题的背景和重要性，为读者提供一个整体的概念。

同时，我们可以提供一些有关研究的背景信息，为接下来的讨论做铺垫。

例如：研究在我们的生活中扮演着至关重要的角色。

无论是社会科学、自然科学还是人文学科，研究都是推动进步和发展的关键。

研究无处不在，而我们对研究的重要性和意义的理解对我们的个人和社会发展至关重要。

本文将探讨和讨论研究的重要性，以及研究对我们的生活和世界的意义。

第二步：研究的重要性（The Importance of Studying）（字数：300-500字）在这一部分，我们可以详细论述研究的重要性。

我们可以讨论研究对个人、社会和全球范围的影响，以及对知识的贡献。

同时，我们可以列举一些具体的例子来支持我们的观点。

例如：研究是推动社会进步和发展的关键。

通过研究，我们能够深入分析问题，寻求解决方案，并改善人们的生活质量。

无论是在医学、科技、经济还是环境领域，研究都为创新和改进提供了必要的基础。

此外，研究对于推动知识的发展和进化也起到了重要的作用。

通过研究，我们能够不断扩展我们对世界的认知，探索新的领域并推动学科的发展。

研究为新的发现和突破提供了路径，并使我们能够不断进步。

值得一提的是，研究也在社会和人文科学领域发挥着重要的作用。

通过研究，我们能够深入了解人们的行为和社会结构，并为解决社会问题提供各种解决方案。

研究还能够保护和提升我们的文化遗产，并促进文化和历史的传承。

第三步：研究的意义（The Significance of Studying）（字数：300-500字）在这一部分，我们可以进一步阐述研究的意义。

A Contrastive Study of the “Subject” in English and Chinese

A Contrastive Study of the “Subject” in English and ChineseAbstract: Because of the differences in language, culture and mode of thinking between East and West there exist dissimilarities in the use of the subject of a sentence between English and Chinese. The essay tries to explore respectively the different characteristics and uses of the subject between the two languages which include some differences both in morphology and syntax.Key words: Subject；translate；mode of thinking；difference1 IntroductionWithout doubt, a sentence is always a unit for people to express something and we usually translate an article sentence by sentence. The subject and the predicate are the main parts of a sentence. When we translate a sentence, the first and also most important thing we should do is to determine the subject of the sentence, then to determine the predicate and other elements of the sentence. However, because of the differences in language, culture and mode of thinking between east and west, there exist dissimilarities too in the use of the subject between the two languages, so it is necessary for us to compare the “Subject” in English and Chinese.2 The Definition of “Subject”According to Longman Lexi con of Contemporary English, the subject “ is a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that comes before a main verb and represents the person or thing that performs the action of the verb or about which something is stated.” (Tom. McArthur: 1991) The Dictionary Co ntemporary Chinese Dictionary compiled by Wang Tong Yi, gives a definition about “subject”: “The subject as an object of a statement, occurs before the predicate in subject-predicate phrases to answer questions like ‘who’or ‘what’.”(Wang TongYi: 2001)3 A contrastive Study of the “Subject” in English and Chinese3.1SimilaritiesOn the whole, the relations between the subject and the predicate of a Chinese sentence and an English one are much the same in semantic types. The subject of a Chinese sentence, and that of the English one can be divided into three types:The Agentive subject :the initiator of some action, capable of acting with volition.e.g. We offered the young man a reward.我们给小伙子一笔奖金。

《汉英语言对比》讲义

《汉英语言对比》讲义Contrastive Studies of Chinese and English Languages王家年桂林电子科技大学国际学院2013年秋季学期《汉英语言对比》讲义Contrastive Studies of Chinese and English Languages王家年2013年秋季学期课程介绍（Introduction to the Course）•主讲教师（Chief Course Instructor）王家年（PhD, Professor）•教学目的（Objectives）学习者通过本门课程的学习，①了解和掌握汉英语言对比的基本理论和方法；②能从宏观和微观两方面系统地分析汉语和英语在语音、词汇、语法、篇章、语用、修辞和语言文化方面的异同；③能应用汉英对比的方法开展汉语国际教育（对外汉语教学）研究、翻译研究和汉语本体研究。

•教学方法（Teaching Methods）以主题教学法（Theme-based Approach/Thematic Approach）、探究式学习法（Inquiry Learning Method）为主，辅以以知识信息传递为目的、多媒体课件为手段的讲授法（Expository Method）。

•考核方式（Evaluation Modes）①平时成绩（30%）+期末考试成绩（70%）；②期末考试在“课程论文”和“综合试卷”中任选一种。

•开课学期与学时（Semester & Periods）第七学期（the Seventh Semester），32学时（32 credit hours）。

•教材及参考书目（Textbook & References）教材：潘文国.《汉英语言对比概论》，北京：商务印书馆，2013.参考书目：许余龙.《对比语言学》，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002.何善芬.《英汉语言对比研究》，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002.第一章导论（Prolegomena）•本章主题（Themes in this chapter）：I. 比较语言学与对比语言学考辨II. 西方对比语言学的历史沿革III. 汉英语言对比：内容和方法IV. 汉英语言对比在外语教学中的学术地位（理论意义与实践意义）（注：通读教材、查阅文献，任选一个题目完成3000字以上的小论文，或能就你最熟悉的一个专题开展交流和讨论）•汉英语言对比的三层次（Levels in this course）：汉英语言对比在我国是一个发展比较成熟的学科，它对不同的培养对象提出了不同的培养目标和要求，大体可以分为初中高三个层次，分别适应本科生阶段、研究生阶段和博士生阶段的学习。

认识一致见解独到英语作文题目

认识一致见解独到英语作文题目英文回答：In the intricate tapestry of human knowledge and understanding, the concept of consensus has emerged as a crucial thread. It represents the convergence of perspectives, the alignment of ideas, and the shared recognition of a particular belief or conclusion. Consensus building is a complex and multifaceted process, often involving negotiation, compromise, and a willingness to consider alternative viewpoints.Within the realm of academia, consensus plays a pivotal role in the dissemination of knowledge. When researchersand scholars reach a consensus on a particular theory, concept, or methodology, it becomes a benchmark for further research and a foundation for future advancements in the field. Consensus serves as a form of quality control, ensuring the reliability and validity of information. It allows researchers to build upon a shared body of knowledge,avoiding unnecessary duplication of effort and promoting scientific progress.Furthermore, consensus is essential for effective decision-making in various domains. In the political arena, for instance, consensus building is often sought after to ensure the legitimacy and stability of policies. By involving diverse stakeholders and soliciting their input, decision-makers can develop policies that are broadly supported and have a higher chance of successful implementation. In business, consensus can foster collaboration, innovation, and collective problem-solving. When team members share a common understanding and vision, they can work together more effectively to achieve shared goals.However, it is important to note that consensus is not always attainable or desirable. In certain instances, it may be necessary to make decisions without unanimous agreement, particularly in situations where timeconstraints or other factors preclude exhaustive deliberation. Moreover, pursuing consensus at all costs canstifle creativity and innovation. By encouraging the exploration of diverse viewpoints and respectfully acknowledging dissent, we can broaden our understanding and make more informed choices.In conclusion, consensus is a powerful tool that facilitates the dissemination of knowledge, enhances decision-making, and promotes collaboration. While consensus is not always possible or appropriate, it remains an important aspiration that contributes to the advancement of human understanding and the pursuit of common goals. By embracing the principles of consensus building, we can foster a more informed, inclusive, and harmonious society.中文回答：认识一致见解独到。

学生们互相谈论英语作文

As a high school student, Ive always found the art of writing in English both challenging and rewarding. One of the most engaging aspects of our English classes is when we get to discuss our compositions with each other. Its a time where we can share our thoughts, perspectives, and the stories weve woven through our words.The English teacher often assigns us topics that are not only thoughtprovoking but also relatable to our daily lives. This makes the task of writing an essay less of a chore and more of an opportunity to express ourselves creatively. When we gather in small groups to discuss our essays, its like a mini symposium where each voice is valued and every idea is considered.I remember one particular assignment where we were asked to write abouta significant event that had shaped our lives. The room was abuzz with activity as we exchanged our stories. One of my classmates wrote about overcoming a fear of public speaking, detailing the nervousness and eventual triumph that came with it. Another shared a heartwarming tale of a family reunion that brought distant relatives together, highlighting the importance of family bonds.The discussions were not just about the content of our essays but also about the techniques we used to convey our messages. We talked about the use of metaphors, the power of descriptive language, and the impact of a wellstructured argument. It was fascinating to see how different people approached the same topic with such diverse styles and perspectives.One of the most valuable aspects of these discussions is the feedback we receive. Our peers offer constructive criticism that helps us improve our writing skills. For instance, a friend pointed out that I could have used more vivid imagery in my essay about a memorable summer day. This feedback prompted me to revisit my draft and enrich it with sensory details that painted a clearer picture for the reader.Moreover, discussing our essays with classmates also broadens our understanding of different viewpoints. Its not uncommon for a single topic to elicit a range of responses, each reflecting the unique experiences and beliefs of the writer. This diversity in thought is what makes our discussions so enriching and our essays more wellrounded.In addition to honing our writing skills, these discussions also serve as a platform for us to practice our communication skills. We learn to articulate our thoughts clearly, listen attentively to others, and engage in meaningful dialogue. Its a safe space where we can express our opinions without fear of judgment, fostering an environment of mutual respect and understanding.The camaraderie that develops through these shared experiences is another highlight of our English composition sessions. We form bonds over our common struggles with verb tenses and our shared triumphs in crafting a compelling narrative. These connections extend beyond the classroom, creating a supportive community of learners who encourage and inspire one another.In conclusion, the act of discussing our English essays with fellow students is an integral part of our learning journey. Its a dynamic process that not only enhances our writing abilities but also enriches our understanding of the world around us. Through these discussions, we gain insights into different perspectives, learn to appreciate the power of language, and develop the skills necessary to communicate effectively. Its a testament to the transformative power of collaborative learning and the importance of fostering an open and inclusive environment for intellectual growth.。

认识的一致性与独到性的作文

认识的一致性与独到性的作文英文回答：Understanding consensus and uniqueness is essential in our daily lives. Consensus refers to a general agreement among a group of people, while uniqueness refers to something that is distinct or different from others. These two concepts are often intertwined, as we navigate through various social situations and personal relationships.Consensus plays a crucial role in maintaining harmony and cooperation within a group. For example, in a team project at work, reaching a consensus on the goals and strategies can lead to better communication and collaboration among team members. Without consensus, conflicts and misunderstandings may arise, hindering the progress of the project.On the other hand, uniqueness is what sets us apart from others and defines our individuality. Embracing ouruniqueness allows us to express ourselves authentically and stand out in a crowd. For instance, in a job interview, highlighting our unique skills and experiences can make us more memorable to the interviewer and increase our chances of landing the job.Finding a balance between consensus and uniqueness can be challenging but rewarding. It is important to respect the opinions and perspectives of others while staying true to ourselves. In a relationship, for example, both partners may have different preferences and interests, but finding common ground and appreciating each other's uniqueness can strengthen the bond between them.In conclusion, understanding consensus and uniquenessis crucial for navigating social interactions and personal relationships. By finding a balance between the two, we can foster cooperation and harmony while embracing our individuality.中文回答：认识一致性和独到性在我们的日常生活中至关重要。

从关联理论看_围城_中隐喻的英译

On Metaphor Translation in Fortress Besieged from the View ofRelevance Theory ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSFirst of all, I want to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Chen Hongwei, for all her help, support and love. For me, she has been more than a supervisor. If I failed to the schedule, even the thought of her smiling face brought me a powerful sense of awe and motivation. Her sparkling ideas, kind words and careful revision make this present thesis possible.My sincere thanks also go to all the professors in the Faculty of English Language and Literature, Central China Normal University, who have greatly benefited my intellectual growth through their inspiring lectures. And their individual characteristics impress me so much that this experience of my postgraduate study is a lifelong treasure.I especially want to thank all of my friends and classmates, who have always been there when I need them.Finally, a very special gratitude goes to my parents who have been my source of strength and happiness in life. With their love, I believe I can always pursue my dreams.内容摘要本文运用关联理论来讨论小说《围城》中隐喻的翻译问题。

大学英语四级真题及答案(多套题及详解)

大学英语四级真题及答案(多套题及翻译）CET4 Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.题目一：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观你的校园，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?题目二：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观你的家乡，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?题目三：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?假设你的一位外国朋友来参观中国，你最感兴趣的地方想带他/她去看?为什么?Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

辩证英语作文

辩证英语作文Title: Embracing Contradictions: A Dialectical Approach to English Composition。

In the realm of language and thought, dialectics offer a powerful tool for examining complex phenomena. By acknowledging contradictions and seeking their synthesis, one can navigate through nuanced perspectives and arrive at a deeper understanding. Applying this approach to English composition fosters not only clarity but also intellectual growth. In this essay, we delve into the principles of dialectical thinking within the context of English writing.To begin with, dialectics compel us to recognize the inherent contradictions present in any topic or argument. For instance, when exploring a controversial issue like climate change, one encounters conflicting viewpoints regarding its causes, impacts, and solutions. Rather than dismissing opposing perspectives, a dialectical approach encourages us to engage with them earnestly. Byacknowledging the validity of diverse viewpoints, we lay the groundwork for a more comprehensive analysis.Moreover, dialectical thinking prompts us to seek synthesis, the integration of seemingly contradictory elements into a cohesive whole. In the context of English composition, this entails crafting nuanced arguments that consider multiple perspectives. For instance, when composing an argumentative essay on the benefits and drawbacks of technology in education, one could acknowledge both its potential for enhancing learning outcomes and its risks of exacerbating inequality. By synthesizing these contrasting viewpoints, the essay attains a higher level of complexity and insight.Furthermore, dialectics emphasize the dynamic nature of ideas and language. Just as reality is in a constant state of flux, so too are our interpretations and expressions of it. This dynamic perspective challenges writers to remain open to new insights and revisions throughout the writing process. Rather than clinging to rigid positions, writers must embrace the fluidity of language and thought, allowingtheir ideas to evolve in response to new information and perspectives.Additionally, dialectical thinking fosters intellectual humility by highlighting the limitations of our understanding. No single perspective can fully capture the complexity of reality, and no argument is immune to scrutiny. Recognizing this, writers must approach their craft with a spirit of humility, remaining receptive to feedback and critique. Through constructive dialogue and engagement with diverse viewpoints, writers can refinetheir arguments and deepen their insights.Furthermore, dialectical thinking encourages us to transcend binary oppositions and embrace complexity. Rather than viewing issues in terms of black and white, right and wrong, we recognize the shades of gray that characterize most phenomena. This nuanced perspective enriches our writing, enabling us to explore the intricacies of human experience with depth and sensitivity.In conclusion, a dialectical approach to Englishcomposition offers a pathway to intellectual growth and insight. By acknowledging contradictions, seeking synthesis, embracing dynamism, cultivating humility, and embracing complexity, writers can elevate their craft and engage more deeply with their subjects. In an increasingly interconnected and complex world, dialectical thinking remains a valuable tool for navigating ambiguity and fostering deeper understanding. As we continue to refineour skills as writers, let us embrace the dialecticalspirit, ever curious and open to the richness of human experience.。

权威的证据英语作文

权威的证据英语作文Title: The Significance of Authoritative Evidence。

In the realm of academia, professional discourse, and policymaking, the reliance on authoritative evidence stands as a cornerstone for informed decision-making and the advancement of knowledge. Authoritative evidence, characterized by its credibility, reliability, and validity, holds immense importance in various domains, including scientific research, legal proceedings, and public policy formulation. This essay explores the significance of authoritative evidence and its pivotal role in shaping our understanding of the world.First and foremost, authoritative evidence serves asthe bedrock of scientific inquiry. In the scientific community, empirical research grounded in robust methodologies and supported by authoritative evidence forms the basis for theory development and empirical validation. Scientific progress hinges upon the meticulous collection,analysis, and interpretation of data derived from reliable sources. Peer-reviewed journals, reputable research institutions, and established scientific organizations are instrumental in vetting and disseminating authoritative evidence to the broader scientific community, thereby fostering a culture of transparency and accountability.Moreover, authoritative evidence plays a critical rolein ensuring the fairness and integrity of legal proceedings. In the realm of law, the admissibility of evidence is contingent upon its relevance, reliability, and authenticity. Judges and jurors rely on authoritative evidence presented by expert witnesses, forensic specialists, and credible testimonies to adjudicate legal disputes and dispense justice fairly. The exclusion of hearsay and the adherence to evidentiary standardssafeguard the rights of litigants and uphold the principles of due process within the judicial system.Furthermore, authoritative evidence serves as alinchpin for evidence-based policymaking and governance. Policymakers, lawmakers, and public officials rely onempirical research, statistical analyses, and policy evaluations to craft effective policies, allocate resources efficiently, and address societal challenges. Evidence-based interventions informed by authoritative evidence have been instrumental in improving public health outcomes, mitigating socioeconomic disparities, and promoting environmental sustainability. By grounding policy decisions in empirical evidence rather than ideological beliefs or political expediency, policymakers can foster public trust and enhance the efficacy of governance mechanisms.Additionally, authoritative evidence plays a pivotal role in fostering public trust and combating misinformation in an era characterized by information overload and digital disinformation. With the proliferation of social media platforms and online forums, misinformation and fake news have become pervasive, undermining public discourse and eroding trust in institutions. Fact-checking organizations, independent journalists, and academic researchers play a crucial role in debunking falsehoods and verifying the veracity of claims through rigorous fact-checking and evidence-based analysis. By promoting media literacy andcritical thinking skills, individuals can discern credible sources from dubious ones and make informed decisions based on authoritative evidence.In conclusion, authoritative evidence serves as a cornerstone for informed decision-making, empirical inquiry, and societal progress across various domains. Whether inthe realms of science, law, policymaking, or public discourse, the reliance on credible, reliable, and valid evidence is indispensable for advancing knowledge,upholding justice, and fostering public trust. As we navigate an increasingly complex and interconnected world, the pursuit and dissemination of authoritative evidence remain paramount in shaping our understanding of realityand informing our collective actions for the betterment of society.。

从语用学角度分析美国情景剧《生活大爆炸》中的言语幽默

The study makes a pragmatic analysis of the verbal humor in the sitcom The Big Bang Theory by some major theories in Pragmatics. Cooperative Principle, Politeness Principle and Speech Act Theory are major theories in pragmatics. The study testifies the feasibility of analyzing the verbal humor in sitcoms from the perspective of pragmatics and explores the generation mechanism of verbal humor under the pragmatic theoretical framework. On the basis of the pragmatic analysis, it is found that humor is generated by deliberately or unintentionally violating CP, PP and illocutionary act. Furthermore, the study is helpful for the viewers to get a deep understanding of the verbal humor in the sitcom The Big Bang Theory. It also does good to the second language learners for having an easier learning enviroment and arousing their learning interest. Key Words：verbal humor；pragmatic analysis；The Big Bang Theory；Sitcom

从《木兰》看中西文化的差异与融合_对大学生跨文化意识的调查研究毕业论文

毕业论文从《木兰》看中西文化的差异与融合--对大学生跨文化意识的调查研究摘要:花木兰是中国传统文化中的一个传奇女性形象，南北朝民歌《木兰辞》记录了中国最早的木兰故事，宣扬了中国的忠与孝的思想。

千百年来，木兰这一在中国早已成为家喻户晓的形象，一直被视为巾帼英雄的代表。

近代女革命家秋瑾曾引用她的典故入诗，“谁说女子不如男？”、“巾帼不让须眉”成了中国家长激励女儿最常用的话语.可见，中国人是非常推崇花木兰的英雄事迹的，有趣的是在中国,花木兰并没有延续自己抗击匈奴的符号意义，却成了最古典式的女性形象。

1998年，根据木兰故事改编的迪士尼动画《木兰》，在尊重原著的基础上，重新刻画了花木兰这一女性形象，她不再只是传统意义上的孝女，更是一个敢于追求自我，最终实现自我价值的新时代女性。

中国的花木兰在迪士尼的重塑下，认同和保留了中国传统文化，同时又融入了美国文化。

本文引言部分首先简单介绍了跨文化交际与跨文化意识的重要性，并以迪士尼影片《木兰》为例，分析了本次对大学生跨文化意识调查的目的。

第二部分对相关概念进行了界定，并对国内外有关跨文化交际的研究现状作了梳理，对目前电影中的跨文化交际现状进行了简单回顾。

第三部分分析了迪士尼影片《木兰》中反映出的中美文化的差异与融合。

本文主要从女性主义的视角出发，以中国传统的《木兰辞》与迪士尼影片中《木兰》为例，通过对比分析花木兰这一形象，从忠孝之道与自我追求、男尊女卑与女性主义、传统相亲与自由恋爱三方面介绍了中美文化的差异，然后总结了中美文化的融合，即电影《木兰》从中国文化中汲取了大量素材，体现了中国传统的诸多特点。

第四部分通过对运城学院外语系，中文系和数学系大四学生进行问卷调查，并主要从三方面进行调查研究，大学生现有的跨文化交际知识，电影对学习中西方文化差异的的影响以及大学生所持有的跨文化价值观。

第五部分对研究结果进行分析，对目前大学生的跨文化现状作了详细的分析。

通过调查研究，发现跨文化意识对大学生跨文化交际的影响。

汉英经济新闻报道的篇章结构对比分析 A contrastive rhetoric Rhetorical Study of Discourse Structure...

Classified Index:U.D.C.:Univ. Code:ID. No: Z101301510A contrastive rhetoric RhetoricalStudy of Discourse Structure inChinese and English News ReportsDissertation in part fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of ArtsbyGAO HairuSupervisor: A.Prof. ZHOU Ying Specialty:EnglishSub Institution:School of Foreign LanguagesHebei University of Science and TechnologyJune, 2014摘要目前，许多学者一直以来致力于研究英汉篇章的结构特征并试图发现其异同,卡普兰经典研究之“跨文化教育中的文化思维方式”为对比修辞研究开辟了新的道路,但是其关于英语篇章结构呈现直线型与汉语篇章结构呈现螺旋型的假说也受到了广泛的质疑。

此后,许多学者循着卡普兰的研究思路进一步深入探究英汉篇章结构的差异,细化了对比研究的切入点进行研究。

本文在借鉴前人研究思想和所获成果的基础上,根据对比修辞结构理论,以经济评论类篇章为语料对英汉篇章结构的异同进行分析与探讨。

得出了英汉文章的篇章结构与修辞在以上一些方面确实存在差异,但是这些差异并不显著的结论。

基于这一宗旨,本文提出了以下两个研究问题:(l)英汉文章的篇章结构是否存在显著性差异?(2)卡普兰关于直线型和螺旋型的假说在英汉的经济类文章中是否成立?最后，作者提出可将此研究运用到新闻语篇翻译及新闻写作教学中。

关键词：篇章结构；卡普兰假说；对比修辞结构理论AbstractA host of scholars have been dedicated to exploring discourse features of English and Chinese texts and trying to find out the differences. Kaplan's classical study of "Cultural Thought Patterns in Inter-Cultural Education”has opened up a new route of contrastive rhetoric study, although his hypothesis that English discourse pattern features linearity while Oriental discourse pattern features circularity is disputable.Since then, many scholars follow the Kaplan's research ideas delve further into the differences between English and Chinese discourse structure and refine the comparative study of the entry point. This paper in reference to previous research thinking and the obtained results based on, according to the contrastive rhetoric structure theory, in economic review texts as the corpus of English and Chinese discourse structure similarities and differences for analysis and discussion. Articles in English and Chinese text structure and rhetoric in some aspects differences do exist, but these differences were not significant conclusions are drawn..(1) Are there any significant differences of discourse pattern between Chinese and English articles?(2) Does Kaplan's hypothesis hold true in Chinese and English economic texts?At the end of the paper, the author proposes that the results of the study can be applied to the teaching of news translation and writing．Key Words:discourse pattern, Kaplan' s Hypothesis, Rhetorical Structural Theory,This work is original and has not been submitted in support any degree qualification or course.DATE OF SUBMISSION: 12/06/2014SIGNATURE:AcknowledgementI feel grateful to all the teachers and students who have provided assistance to me in the process of writing this thesis.Firstly, I would like to show sincere gratitude to my supervisor professor Zhou Ying, it is her patient modification and constant advices that guide me to finish this thesis. At the same time, I get a lot in the process of writing this thesis. I know more about English major‟s graduation thesis and have a further knowledge of the application of textual function in English discourse.Secondly, my sincere thanks also goes to all my teachers who have taught me, for their instructive lectures in linguistic studies have greatly influenced my research.Finally, I also give my special thanks to my roommates and classmates who have helped and encouraged me about my study.Contents摘要............................................................................................................... i ii Abstract ................................................................................................................. i v Contents ............................................................................................................... v iiI. Introduction (1)1.1 Background of the Research (1)1.2 Research Questions and Its Significance (1)II. Literature Review (3)2.1 The contrastive rhetoric Rhetoric Study (3)2.2 Discourse Structure (4)2.3 The Information Model (5)2.4 The Point Position (5)III. Research Methodology (7)3.1 Research Questions (7)3.2 Data Collection (7)3.3 Data Analysis (8)IV. Results, Findings and Discussions (9)4.1 Contrastive Rhetoric Researches between English and Chinese Discourse (9)4.2 General Frequency of Rhetorical Relations (9)4.3 Top Relations of contrastive rhetoric Rhetoric Distributions used in Both Chinese and English Economic Reviews (11)V. Conclusion (13)5.1 Major Findings of the Research (13)5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study (14)References (15)I. Introduction1.1 Background of the ResearchMany scholars have been devoted themselves to the study of English and Chinese discourse of the structure characteristics and try to find similarities and differences of them. Kaplan‟s classical study named …Cultural Thought Patterns in Inter-Cultural Education‟has opened up a new route of the contrastive rhetoric rhetorical study. Since then, many scholars follow the steps of the research ideas of Kaplan to explore the differences between English and Chinese discourse structure and define the starting point for a comparative study. According to different textual functions corpus into narrative discourse, argumentation discourse, we can say that the study of discourse is independent. This research is built on the predecessors' research ideas and results are based on rhetorical structure theory. Analyze and discuss the similarities and differences of English and Chinese text corpus for discourse structure.1.2 Research Questions and Its SignificanceIn order to examine whether there are significant differences in discourse pattern between Chinese and English, I am going to use the following three keys points to explain my points of view. They include the discourse structure, the information model and the point position.The main research questions to be addressed in the study are as follows:1) Are there any vital or important differences in discourse pattern between Chinese and English according to the news reports?2) Does Kaplan‟s hypothesis which includes the different discourse structure, the information model and the point position really hold true in news reports?As the different appearances of discourse pattern are one of the important components when related to Chinese and English news report, we have to put the discourse pattern in a vital situation when talking about the difference betweenChinese news and English news. In this report, five Chinese news reports and five English news reports have been collected to find out whether they are distinct in discourse pattern and what factors cause it. By analyzing the structure of different discourse the model expression of the information and the position of the key point in the news report, the conclusion will be supported abundantly and validly.1.3 The structure of the thesesSo far, we have had some comprehensive knowledge of the theoretical framework of this study. In particular, we have been familiar with the essentials of Rhetorical Structural Theory and the focus of contrastive rhetoric study. Firstly, i will talk about the literature review of this dissertation. Then, i am going to write about the method i used to explain my study and name it as the research methodology. Thirdly, at the fourth part of this article, i will talk about the results and findings from the hypothesis as well as the former discussion.II. Literature ReviewThe literature review of this dissertation begins with the contrastive rhetoric rhetoric study put forward by the famous scholar Kaplan( 2001), although his research and theory that English discourse pattern features linearity while Oriental discourse pattern features circularity is disputable by the public. Bell (1991) studies the news discourse from the structural perspective and suggests that news discourse is made up of an abstract, attribution and the story paper. Stuart Hall declares (1980) that the facts of events are not reported transparently but through a complex linguistic and ideological structure of news. The discussion of the structure of different discourse, the model express of the information and the position of the key point in the news report will be proposed respectively. Then it comes to the relevant researches on contrastive rhetoric rhetorical study of discourse structure both abroad and at home. Finally, this chapter will introduce the concept of and some researches of it.2.1 The Contrastive Rhetoric StudyContrastive rhetoric Rhetoric was advanced by American applied linguist Robert Kaplan in 1966. Contrastive rhetoric Rhetoric mainly explores the issue whether and how native language and culture exert certain effect on second language writing. Kaplan, taking the lead to look into the manifestation of the discourse pattern and rhetoric of the native language in second language performance, has pointed out that rhetoric varies from language to language and the native language and its rhetoric may interfere with second language writing.Contrastive rhetoric rhetoric can be initiated almost forty years ago by the American applied linguist Robert Kaplan. This research showed that a kink of language is a cultural phenomena. Since 1980s, the contrastive rhetoric analysis between Chinese and English has developed very fast. But at that time, most researches focus on the micro aspect, and the analysis of clause as well as the units of clause are not enough. Few articles concerning about the macro aspect of the analysishave been published since then. The contrastive rhetoric rhetoric aims to mine the underlying differences of discourse structure according to different languages and it has not been widely explored in China yet. It is shown from it that each language has its unique rhetorical conventions which interfere with writing in a second language.Contrastive rhetoric rhetoric, an important field of two language acquisition research, focuses on the different influence of language writing and rhetoric in native and second language learners. In the past 40 years of the development process, the theoretical framework and the research methods of contrastive rhetoric rhetoric study has been further revised and perfected. In addition, the perspective of research and field has been greatly improved and expanded at the same time. scholars who concentrate on contrastive rhetoric rhetoric. Namely, both the learner's native language and the second language writing will be based on a large number of comparative analysis. Learners are likely to turn the attention to a cross cultural study between their native language writing skills and the second language, which helps them obtain a more objective conclusion.2.2 Discourse StructureAn article written by an applied linguist named Robert Kaplan published in 1966. It studied the cross methods of the cultural education and it first put forward the concept of contrastive rhetoric rhetoric, which broke through the previous situation that most researches focused on comparing the contrast of voice, vocabulary and grammar. Kaplan discoursed the level of analysis method and compared the different macro rhetorical structures of expository texts in different languages and cultures. In 1990s, a new turn of contrastive rhetoric rhetoric study emerged and it evaluated the achievements and deficiency of Kaplan. After that, it created a new direction of the development of contrastive rhetoric rhetoric study and focused on the importance of intercultural discourse characteristics and the influence of thinking rules.Compared to the study of contrastive rhetoric rhetoric exposition, Connor paid more attention to the persuasive argumentation mode in a discourse. Connor & Lauer researched for three different national high school students to grade and score analysisthe framework of texts. The results of data analysis indicate that the English writers and Chinese writers have no obvious difference in the macro structure of discourse.2.3 The Information ModelKaplan pointed out that the rhetorical features are distinct in different languages. There is not a unified standard to judge the quality of English writing and the structure of coherence. Native English writers and readers are more accustomed to use linear type information model. Kaplan believes that language and writing are reflections of the culture because every language has its specific writing tradition and rhetorical patterns. Therefore, it is particularly important to systematic comparison of two different languages. Kaplan found that the English text paragraph model is linear while the oriental languages including Chinese is spiral.To some extent, the research of Coe & Hu Shuzhong verifies the theoretical hypothesis of Kaplan.They found that the English writing patterns of text organization are different. All in all, the study reflects the complexity of the comparative study of Chinese and English rhetoric. In this study, the data analysis results show that the method author used in the text of English and Chinese information model are significantly different. The number of linear expansion mode used by the English authors is three times more than the Chinese authors used. Among the 80% of Chinese authors used spiral type information model, and the 66.7% of English authors used linear mode arguments.2.4 The Point PositionThe point position of argumentation discourse plays an important role in the reference to distinguish between direct and indirect reasoning process. Kaplan believes that the format that Chinese authors used is similar to that of indirect demonstration model in ancient times. However, Mohan & Lo believed that the stereotyped writing method has already been abandoned in China, and the rhetoric characteristics can not be representative of the modern Chinese writing. In their study, the modern Chinese writing also encouraged to use the direct argument and writingmethods against the beat around the bush. According to the study of statistical data analysis, the author found that the rate of direct use in English writer is much higher than the Chinese writers. What’s more, there was significant difference between the control group. About 68.3% English authors like using opening theme, which is fully in line with national habit of English rhetoric. Meanwhile, about 38.3% Chinese authors argued at the beginning of the article. Finally, the author considered that compared to Chinese, English authors use much less argument at the end. In addition, by studying all the arguments of the analysis of data, there was no significant difference between these two groups.Thus, the author from English are more likely to use the method of opening theme discuss than Chinese writers. However, it is not a obvious that writers from English speaking countries use the intense argument only because there are quite a number of Chinese writers use it.III. Research MethodologyThis thesis aims to examine the similarities and differences between Chinese and English economic review texts with relation to interpersonal function. In this chapter, research questions, data collection process and analysis method will be demonstrated in sequence.3.1 Research QuestionsThe tentative purpose of this study is to examine current perspectives of contrastive rhetoric about differences in discourse patterns between Chinese and English articles, and the cultural and philosophical factors behind these differences. The following questions are proposed by the author in order to fulfill the research purpose.(1)Are there any significant differences of discourse pattern between Chinese and English articles?(2)Does Kaplan's hypothesis (circularity vs. linearity) hold true in blog texts?The detailed analysis of the economic review texts would provide some basic knowledge for the learners as well as the teachers, and it also helps to boost Chinese-English translation on the structure of economic reviews.As for the research question one, more to examine whether there are significant differences of discourse pattern between Chinese and English, we have to decompose the discourse pattern into concrete and calculatable criteria and ensure the general appearance frequencies of rhetorical relations in the samples. What‟s more, we should study the top structure of each text, mainly its rhetorical relations.3.2 Data CollectionSince contrastive rhetoric discourse analysis between different texts is not a simple work, the selection of data appropriate for contrast is of great importance. There are several authoritative economic newspapers in English and Chinese. The samples used in the present study are all chosen from some of those famous andinfluential newspapers in Britain or China. The total of the texts is 10, 5 in English from “The Times” and 5 in Chinese from “The China Daily”.In order to ensure the sources and texts are chosen representatively, I inclined to select the corpus based on representation, reputa tion and accessibility. “The Financial Times” is one of the largest and most influential English newspapers in the world. It enjoys a long history and has a large circulation around the world. Chinese data is chosen from “Zhongguo Zhengquan Bao” which is a lso one of the largest and most influential economic newspapers in China. In order to ensure the accuracy of the findings, the selected data are published in the same period from January 2010 to August 2010.3.3 Data AnalysisThe propriety of research data determines, to great extent, the validity of findings, the selection of data appropriate for contrast is of great importance. Since the primary objective of this study is to make contrastive rhetoric generalizations about how the interpersonal function realizes in Chinese and English economic reviews, to ensure the objectivity and validity of the study so that the results show the similarities and differences between Chinese and English economic review texts, the groups of reviewers must be brought up in their own cultures and deeply rooted with their values. All of the 5 Chinese economic reviews are written by native Chinese speakers, similarly, all of the 5 English economic reviews are written by native English speakers. The samples are well-chosen with series numbers.IV. Results, Findings and Discussions4.1 Contrastive Rhetoric Researches between English and Chinese DiscourseTraditionally, researchers on contrastive rhetoric linguistics focused on comparison of different languages from the perspectives of word, phrase and sentence structure. With the development of broad linguistics and new theories related emerging, researchers came to be aware that sole regard of lexical and syntactic differences between languages was far from revealing the essential specific to distinct languagcs. Hence rhetoric concerning the differences of the overall organization of discourse between different languages was brought on the stage and drew wide attention. An overview of the researches on contrastive rhetoric analysis English and Chinese discourse shows that they can be classified in terms of four categories including corpus source, corpus type, theoretical framework and research facts.For economic review articles, the writer express opinions and views about economic events or the people and things associated to them, meanwhile, the writer help the reader understand the events and judge the complex problems in actual economic activities. The figure indicates that students from different cultural backgrounds employ different discourse patterns. Usually, you can use the straight arrow of the English paragraph indicates that the "flow of ideas" in English expository prose begins with the topic sentence and proceeds "in a straight line" and is "dominantly linear in development".Therefore, a contrastive rhetoric analysis of Chinese and English economic review articles in terms of types of mood will be made in the following.4.2 General Frequency of Rhetorical RelationsOne of the most conspicuous differences of discourse organization between English and Chinese texts can be reflected by the general preference of relation types of the texts. Since the total numbers of relations adopted in the sample have anunignorable discrepancy between English and Chinese texts with a total of 674 relations in the English samples and 948 relations in the Chinese samples, we cannot simply draw a conclusion by the pure number of each relation. Instead, we have to figure out the probability of each relation in the two groups of samples respectively, which ensures.the validity of our analysis. A careful and meticulous observation of the table can help us penetrate into the internal structure of the discourse pattern. The table tells us the following findings:Table 4.1 Frequency of RelationsFirstly, In the 5 English samples texts all of the relations are adopted, not with standing disconjunction. Because some relations appear in a very low frequency less than 1 %, such as (0.30%), motivation (0.89%), otherwise (0.30%) and the sequence (0.45%). However, not all of the relations are employed in the 5 Chinese sample texts in that the frequencies of disconjunction and purpose are null. Besides, there are also some relations whose frequencies are below 1%, including motivation (0.74%), otherwise (0.32%), sequence (0.21%) and volitional cause (0.42%).Then, the most frequently adopted relations in the English sample texts are elaboration (10.68%) and evaluation (9.50%); while the most frequently adopted relations in the Chinese sample texts are elaboration (10.34%), evaluation (10.13%) and justify (10.86%).4.3 Top Relations of contrastive rhetoric Rhetoric Distributions used in Both Chinese and English Economic ReviewsTop structure, mainly concerning the relations adopted in the top layer of the RST tree, shows how the direct branch is connected with the nucleus. This connection provides a roughly holistic view of the organizational structure of the text. Take elaboration for example, the direct branches or elaborates, what is put forward in the nucleus by listing detailed information. In this part, i have tabulated the frequency of top relations in English and Chinese economic articles which shows minor differences, from which we have obtained the following major findings.Firstly, the relations of background and circumstance have not been used in the top structure of English articles whereas these two have relatively frequent occurrence in Chinese articles. With respect to background, it refers to the case that some assistant information is provided to facilitate understanding. Readers won't comprehend the nucleus sufficiently before reading the satellite text. In the relation of circumstance, the satellite sets a framework in the subject matter within which readers are intended to interpret the nucleus. Namely, the satellite demarcates a certain scope in which the nucleus acts.Then, it is effortless to explain the relations of background and circumstance enjoy popularity in the top structure of Chinese articles. As we have discussed in the previous section, Chinese speakers are used to expressing a point of view in a round about to achieve social knowledge and to avoid individualism. They often intentionally delay the real subject by referring to tradition, history or authorities before getting to the issue in question. Background and circumstance perfectly fulfill their expectation of a well-organized speech.Finally, the largest discrepancy of the frequency of top relation between English and Chinese articles lies in the relations of background and restatement whereas both English and Chinese articles have similar inclination for antithesis evaluation and interpretation.Regard to the large discrepancy of background between English and Chinesearticles, we have explicitly explained that Chinese speakers are inclined to lay some background information before getting to his point. However, in English rhetorical culture, more valued is deductive structure in which the theme line is, more often or not, put forward in the beginning.V. ConclusionThe present study explores the contrastive rhetoric analysis of interpersonal function in Chinese and English economic review texts from the perspective of systemic functional grammar. As we have observed in the introduction, the thesis is to apply Halliday‟ s conceptual framework and Martin’s appraisal theory, through the analysis of 10 Chinese and English samples, we make a careful comparative study on the realization of interpersonal meanings in Chinese and English economic reviews. The present study makes a tentative contrastive rhetoric investigation into the genre of Chinese and English economic reviews.5.1 Major Findings of the ResearchFirstly, in terms of the general frequency of rhetoric relations, we have found that relations of both least and most occurrences in English articles are much similar to those in Chinese articles; meanwhile, the overall differences among the frequencies of the relations are insignificant.Secondly, in terms of frequencies of top relations, it is observed that there is a large discrepancy of background with a large frequency in Chinese articles and rare occurrences in English articles; meanwhile, no statistical difference exists of the frequency of top relations between English and Chinese articles.Finally, in terms of deep structure of this study, difference of the distribution coordinate structure and subordinate structure do exist but it carries no statistical significance. To be precise, coordinate structure somewhat dominates in the Chinese articles whereas subordinate structure slightly dominates in the English articles. But this difference has been waning over the past years.To sum up, differences exist of discourse pattern between English and Chinese articles but are not significant. Thus, we cannot accept Kaplan's hypothesis about rhetoric pattern that Chinese discourse displays a circular structure whereas English discourse tends to be linearly developed. As a matter of fact, he has oversimplified thedisparity of rhetoric structure between English and Chinese discourses, having paid no regard to some crucial factors which play a part in the formatting of discourse pattern, such as situational context, genre, writer of the text, etc. Actually, we have more or less discussed most of these effect factors while probing into the causes underlain the statistical results. For the moment we are to bring forward a systematic and thorough account of these factors.5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further StudyAlthough this study does help us to have a closer view at the realization of interpersonal function in both Chinese and English economic reviews, the present study is just a tentative one and it has its limitations.First, the number of sample texts, 5 Chinese and 5 English economic review texts, is not large enough to present all the features of interpersonal function. More data needs to be gathered and analyzed to demonstrate the results. Besides, this thesis only analyzes the realization of interpersonal function through mood system, modality system and appraisal system, some issues concerning the interpersonal function and contrastive rhetoric discourse analysis are not mentioned. Moreover, the samples are only collected from newspaper, but the uses of different media may contribute to the different realizations of interpersonal function. In addition, due to different social cultural backgrounds, some personal judgments are unavoidably brought into the research process.This paper only analyzed the interpersonal function realized in the discourses restricted within the subject of mood, modality and appraisal system, and more researches on the realization of interpersonal function from various domains in the economic review genre will also possess great value. So it is recommended that a variety of other text types be collected and analyzed to reveal the characteristic linguistic strategies preferred by the Chinese and the Western writers respectively to express interpersonal meanings in the future study.It is hoped that this new field of research will attract more and more discourse analysts and involve a wider range of genres.。

英专综合教程6册课文翻译及课后答案AnswertoUnit4解析

Unit 4 Matriculation FixationChinese Translation of Paragraphs1. 两年前的一天，我坐在费城一所医院的大厅里焦急地等待着，一位素不相识的人突然向我讲述了他女儿的大学就读计划。

由于那天下午我79岁的老母亲刚动了大手术，还没醒过来，我无法全神贯注地听他的叙述。

但是随着他讲述的深入，我却记住了其中的大部分与话题有关的细节。

2. 这位女生虽然算不上出类拔萃，但还算出色，她已经被一所一流名牌大学接受，不过没有助学金。

与此同时，一所当地的二大学也录取了她，并承诺全免学费。

由于家里还有几个孩子排在后面将上大学，经济自然有些紧，这位父亲便说服女儿接受了第二所大学的录取通知。

现在，他担心她某天会懊悔这个决定，因为她将来毕业的学校名气较小，结交不广，为她敞开的大门也少些。

虽然她的学位证书使她离通往成功的黄金大道并不遥远，但却不会把她直接放在这条大道上。

3. 我本世俗百姓，对一些陌生人的婚姻、职业和嗜好最为私密的细枝末节耳熟能详，因此很早便掌握了调解这类危机的必备技巧。

我告诉这位男士，我许多高中同学都毕业于这所二流大学，但他们都过上了丰富而充实的生活。

4. 我告诉他，我自己就毕业于费城一所二流大学，和她女儿要就读的学校并无二致，而我也已在世上为自己找到了一小块立足之地。

我还告诉他，我的大学岁月是我人生中最快乐的时光，教授们既有才识又很敬业，对他们的教诲和启发我永怀感恩之心。

他又追问我的个人情况，我解释说我是个自由作家，我扼要罗列了自己的资历，还告诉他我对自己的职业生涯也很满意。

5. 这位父亲从来没有听说过我，也没有读过我的作品。

尽管他对我那可怜的履历佯装兴趣，我依然看出他已经崩溃了。

他女儿也计划从事新闻行业，如果走上和我一样的学术道路，最终也会像我一样失败。

6. 我始终没有弄明白他为什么去那医院。

7. 我之所以提及此事，是因为它折射了在该送孩子上大学的时刻到来时家长们神经质到了什么程度。