Hydraulic Excavator Simulator Training Module Contents

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挖掘机英语、工程机械英语(常用中英文对照)(挖掘机资料)

1. 启动（Start）：启动发动机，使挖掘机进入工作状态。
2. 行走（Travel）：控制行走装置，使挖掘机在地面移动。
3. 回转（Swing）：控制回转机构，使挖掘机旋转。
4. 工作装置操作（Working Device Operation）：控制工作装置，进行挖掘、装载、卸载等作业。
5. 停机（Stop）：关闭发动机，使挖掘机停止工作。
2. 租赁费用：根据挖掘机型号、租赁期限、作业量等因素确定。
3. 维护服务：提供定期检查、保养、维修等服务。
4. 故障处理：快速响应故障报告，及时排除故障。
5. 零部件供应：提供原厂零部件供应，确保维修质量。
6. 技术支持：提供技术咨询服务，解决操作难题。
十一、挖掘机市场分析与竞争策略
1. 市场需求：分析挖掘机在不同领域的需求量，预测市场趋势。
4. 公路养护（Road Maintenance）：如道路修补、清理等。
5. 城市建设（Urban Construction）：如市政工程、园林绿化等。
6. 灾后救援（Disaster Relief）：如地震、洪水、泥石流等灾害后的救援工作。
挖掘机英语、工程机械英语(常用中英文对照)(挖掘机资料)
五、挖掘机的技术参数
挖掘机英语、工程机械英语(常用中英文对照)(挖掘机资料)
1. 挖掘机：Excavatorom
4. 斗杆：Stick
5. 驾驶室：Cabin
6. 发动机：Engine
7. 液压系统：Hydraulic system
8. 轮胎：Tire
9. 液压油：Hydraulic oil
5. 最大挖掘半径（Maximum Digging Radius）：挖掘机在标准工况下能够达到的最大挖掘半径。

安全性堪忧,谷歌商店中超 210款APP 含恶意软件,安装量超1.5亿次!

安全性堪忧,谷歌商店中超210款APP 含恶意软件,
安装量超1.5亿次!
210个Android应用程序中含恶意软件软件，会在用户设备启动后显示广告、安装应用程序或者自动打开网页。

商店中的应用程序也处处是危险，不要随意下载，下载前最好先看看评论。

据报道，攻击者利用210个Android应用程序中的恶意软件，在用户设备启动后显示广告、安装应用程序或者自动打开网页。

目前谷歌已经删除了这些应用程序。

所有应用程序都使用了一个名为“RXDrioder”的恶意软件开发工具包，当设备启动或用户解锁屏幕时，攻击者就会在Android设备上显示广告和打开URL。

目前还不清楚是不是应用程序开发人员故意使用了这个恶意软件。

Check Point的报告显示，这些应用程序被称为“SimBad”，主要是驾驶和竞速模拟器游戏，比如Snow HeavyExcavator Simulator、Ambulance Rescue Driving和Water Surfing Car Stunt。

这些应用程序的总安装量超过1.5亿次，其中Snow Heavy Excavator Simulator的安装量超过1000万次。

Snow Heavy Excavator Simulator的安装量。

工程机械英语词汇大全

工程机械英语词汇大全工程机械Construction Machinery工程机械construction machinery and equipment中国工程机械工业协会China Construction Machinery Association 机械工程材料material for mechanica lengineering机械设备的安装工程Installation of machinery and equipment挖掘机械 excavating machinery 或 Mining Machinery挖掘机 excavator液压挖掘机 hydraulic excavator小型挖掘机 mini-excavator国产液压挖掘机 domestic hydraulic excavator机械挖掘机 cable operated excavator正铲挖掘机 forward excavator反铲挖掘机 backhoe excavator抓铲挖掘机 clams hell excavator拉铲挖掘机 dragline excavator伸缩铲挖掘机 telescopicboom excavator单斗挖掘机 single bucket excavator轮胎式单斗挖掘机 wheel type single bucket excavator 履带式单斗挖掘机 crawler single bucket excavator多斗挖掘机 multi-bucket excavator斗轮式挖掘机 bucket wh e e l excavator挖沟机 trencher链斗式挖沟机 chain buck ettrencher斗轮式挖沟机 bucket wheel trencher沥青混凝土搅拌设备Asphalt mixing plants可拆式沥青混凝土搅拌设备dismantle Asphalt mixing p lants移动式沥青混凝土搅拌设备movable Asphalt mixing p lants滚筒连续式沥青混凝土搅拌设备drum continuous Asphalt mixing plants 滚筒间隙式沥青混凝土搅拌设备drum batch Asphalt mixing plants强制间隙式沥青混凝土搅拌设备forced batch Asphalt mixing plants强制连续式沥青混凝土搅拌设备continuous batch Asphalt mixing plants 冷集料供给系统cold aggregate feeder s ystem往复式给料装置reciprocating type feeder电磁振动式给料装置electromagnetism vibrancy feeder圆盘式给料装置table feeder板式给料装置slat conveyer皮带给料装置belt conveyer冷集料输送机cold aggregate c onveyer。

hydraulic excavator iso 英语专业术语

hydraulic excavator iso 英语专业术语全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：液压挖掘机ISO 英语专业术语1. hydraulic excavator 液压挖掘机液压挖掘机是一种利用液压系统驱动的挖掘设备，通常用于挖掘土壤、岩石和其他材料。

液压挖掘机主要由斗杆、斗杆缸、主阀组、油缸等部件组成，通过操纵杆和控制阀进行操作。

2. boom 斗臂Boom 是液压挖掘机上用于支撑和控制斗杆的部件，通常连接在机身上，用于支撑斗杆的伸缩和旋转。

Boom 的长度和构造对于挖掘深度和力量有着重要影响。

3. arm 斗杆4. bucket 斗斗Bucket 是液压挖掘机上用于挖掘和运输土壤、岩石等材料的部件，通常由抓斗和切斗两部分组成。

Bucket 的容量和形状可以根据实际工作需要进行选择。

Hydraulic system 是液压挖掘机上用于传递动力和控制运动的系统，主要由油泵、液压缸、主阀组等部件组成。

Hydraulic system 可以通过操纵手柄和控制阀进行操作，实现液压挖掘机的各种功能。

6. track 铁链轮Track 是液压挖掘机上的履带系统，用于在各种地面条件下行驶和移动。

Track 的结构和材料对于液压挖掘机的稳定性和移动性有着重要影响。

7. cab 驾驶室Cab 是液压挖掘机上的驾驶室，用于供驾驶员进行操作和控制。

Cab 的设计和布局对于驾驶员的舒适性和安全性非常重要。

8. engine 发动机Engine 是液压挖掘机上的动力来源，通常由柴油机或电动机组成。

Engine 的性能和功率对于液压挖掘机的工作效率和使用寿命有着重要影响。

9. counterweight 配重块Counterweight 是液压挖掘机上的一种重量块，用于平衡挖掘机的重心和提高稳定性。

Counterweight 的大小和位置可以根据实际工作需要进行调整。

10. safety device 安全装置Safety device 是液压挖掘机上的一种用于保护驾驶员和设备安全的装置，通常包括防护栏、警示灯、急停按钮等。

ката 308 CR Mini 挖掘机特性说明书

Cat C3.3B
52.4 kW 53.3 kW
70.3 hp 71.5 hp
55.4 kW 94 mm 120 mm 3.33 L
74.3 hp 3.7 in 4.7 in 203 in3
Weights
Minimum Operating Weight with Cab* Maximum Operating Weight with Cab**
Cat®
308 CR
Mini Hydraulic Excavator
Features: The Cat® 308 CR Mini Excavator delivers maximum power and performance in a mini size to help you work in a wide range of applications.
10.0 L 11.2 L 147 L 53 L 110 L
2.6 gal 3.0 gal 39 gal 14 gal 29 gal
Hydraulic System
Load Sensing Hydraulics with Variable Displacement Piston Pump
Pump Flow @ 2,400 rpm
8440 kg 9105 kg
18,610 lb 20,077 lb
**Minimum Weight is based on rubber tracks, no counterweight, operator, full fuel tank, standard stick, blade and no bucket.
167 L/min 44 gal/min
Operating Pressure – Equipment

Semi-automatic_control_system_for_hydraulic_shovel中文翻译

液压挖掘机的半自动控制系统Semi-automatic control system for hydraulic shovel（液压挖掘机的半自动控制系统）Hirokazu Araya ,Masayuki Kagoshima日本机械工程研究实验室Kobe Steel, Ltd., Nishi-ku, Kobe Hyogo 651 2271,2000年7月27日摘要开发出了一种应用于液压挖掘机的半自动控制系统。

采用该系统，即使是不熟练的操作者也能容易和精确地操控液压挖掘机。

构造出了具有控制器的液压挖掘机的精确数学控制模型，同时通过模拟实验研发出了其控制算法，并将其应用在液压挖掘机上，由此可以估算出它的工作效率。

依照此法，可通过正反馈及前馈控制、非线性补偿、状态反馈和增益调度等各种手段获得较高的控制精度和稳定性能。

采用这种机器进行挖掘和装载操作，要求司机要具备高水平的操作技能，即便是熟练的司机也会产生相当大的疲劳。

另一方面，随着操作者年龄增大，熟练司机的数量因而也将会减少。

开发出一种让任何人都能容易操控的液压挖掘机就非常必要了[1-5]。

液压挖掘机之所以要求较高的操作技能，其理由如下。

1.液压挖掘机的操作，至少有两个操作手柄必须同时操作并且要协调好。

2.操作手柄的动作方向与其所控的臂杆组件的运动方向不同。

例如，液压挖掘机的反铲水平动作，必须同时操控三个操作手柄（动臂，斗柄，铲斗）使铲斗的顶部沿着水平面（图1）运动。

在这种情况下，操作手柄的操作表明了执行元件的动作方向，但是这种方向与工作方向不同。

如果司机只要操控一个操作杆，而其它自由杆臂自动的随动动作，操作就变得非常简单。

这就是所谓的半自动控制系统。

开发这种半自动控制系统，必须解决以下两个技术难题。

1. 自动控制系统必须采用普通的控制阀。

挖机工艺流程及技术要点

挖机工艺流程及技术要点英文回答：Excavator is a heavy construction equipment used for digging, trenching, and demolition tasks. It plays acrucial role in various construction projects, such as building roads, digging foundations, and clearing land. In this article, I will discuss the process and key techniques involved in operating an excavator.The first step in the excavator process is to conduct a pre-operation inspection. This involves checking the machine's overall condition, including the tracks, hydraulic systems, and attachments. It is essential to ensure that everything is in proper working order before starting the operation.Once the inspection is complete, the next step is to familiarize oneself with the controls and functions of the excavator. This includes understanding the joystickcontrols for the boom, arm, and bucket, as well as the foot pedals for operating the tracks. It is crucial to have a good understanding of these controls to operate the excavator efficiently.After familiarizing oneself with the controls, the operator needs to position the excavator correctly for the task at hand. This may involve adjusting the tracks or rotating the upper structure of the excavator. Proper positioning is crucial for efficient digging and ensures safety during operation.Once the excavator is properly positioned, the operator can start digging. The technique used for digging depends on the type of soil and the desired outcome. For example, when digging in loose soil, it is important to use a bucket with teeth to penetrate the ground effectively. On the other hand, when digging in rocky terrain, a bucket with a rock ripper attachment may be required.During the digging process, it is important to maintain a steady and controlled movement of the boom, arm, andbucket. Sudden or jerky movements can lead to instability and potential accidents. Smooth and precise movements are key to efficient digging and maintaining control over the excavator.In addition to digging, an excavator can also be used for other tasks such as trenching and demolition. Trenching involves creating narrow and deep excavations, often used for laying pipes or cables. Demolition tasks involve using the excavator to break down structures or remove debris. Each of these tasks requires specific techniques and attachments.To summarize, the process of operating an excavator involves conducting a pre-operation inspection,familiarizing oneself with the controls, positioning the excavator correctly, and using the appropriate techniques for digging, trenching, or demolition. Smooth andcontrolled movements are essential for efficient operation and safety. With practice and experience, an operator can become proficient in operating an excavator and effectively contribute to construction projects.中文回答：挖掘机是一种重型建筑设备，用于挖掘、挖沟和拆除任务。

Excavation NASA

• Road excavation affects pedestrian and vehicular movement (especially emergency response vehicles). 道路开挖影响行人和车辆交通(尤其是应急车辆)
• Need to notify EMCP in advance. 需要预先通知管理公司。
• Excavated materials 挖掘材料
• Excavator and operator 开挖机和操作员
Excavation Hazards 开挖危害 (2-19)
Ground Condition 土质状况 • Soft ground may trap machine and workers.
事故案例
基坑倒塌
搅
Training Objectives 培训目的
Training Objectives 培训目的 (1-1)
• Prevent Incidents and Injuries 预防事故和伤亡
• Define Roles and Responsibilities of those requiring excavations in scope of work 明确要求挖掘的各单位在工程范围中的作用和职责
damage or collapse. 撞击临近结构可能造成结构受损或倒塌。 • Requires banksman to guide excavator operator. 需要监护人员指导开挖机操作员。
Slide 11 of 40
Excavation Hazards 开挖危害 (5-19)
Traffic Movement 交通运作
No mechanical excavation within underground facility 1 meter radius 地下设备一米半径内不得使用机械开挖

壮大的Cat 352F LRE 长达达机械说明书

352F LRE Hydraulic ExcavatorIntroductionThe Cat 352F LRE machine is built to keep your production numbers up and your owning and operating costs down. The real power comes from the enhanced hydraulic system, which allows youto move tons of material all day long with a great dealof speed and precision. When you add in a quiet operator environment that keeps you comfortable and productive, service points that make your routine maintenance easy, and multiple Cat work tools that help you take on a variety of jobs, you simply won’t find a better long reach excavation machine.ContentsKey Features (2)Specifications (4)Standard Equipment (12)Optional Equipment (13)Notes ...................................................................14Performance• The C13 ACERT engine meets U.S. EPA Tier 4 Final and EU Stage IV emission standards.• Automatic engine speed control lowers rpm based on load for reducedfuel consumption.• Power modes help you more actively manage fuel consumption. Durable Structures• The boom and stick are built with internal baffle plates and are stress relieved for added durability; each undergoes ultrasound inspection to ensure quality and reliability.• Front linkage pins have thick chrome plating, giving them high wear resistance even under water.• Heavy-duty wide undercarriage provides a stable, rugged platform for long reach digging and loading applications.• Track shoes, links, rollers, idlers, and final drives are built with high-tensile strength steel.• Grease-lubricated track link protects moving parts by keeping water, debris, and dust out and grease sealed in to deliver longer wear life and reduced noise when traveling.• Optional guide guards help maintain track alignment to improve the machine’s overall performance – whether you’re traveling on a flat, heavy bed of rock or a steep, wet field of mud.Maintenance• Routine maintenance items like grease points and fluid taps are easy to reach at ground level.• The side-by-side cooling system enables easy cleaning.• Multiple S∙O∙S SM ports and pressure diagnostic taps help prevent maintenance downtime.Key Features Built-in benefits and available optionsComfort• The full-size cab is quiet and comfortable.• Seats are adjustable and feature air suspension and heated and cooled options.• The LCD monitor is easy to navigate and programmable in 44 languages.Versatility• Exclusive Cat attachments allow you totake on a variety of work – quickly andefficiently.• A Cat coupler lets you swap betweenattachments in seconds without leavingthe cab.• Optional Tool Control rememberspressures and flows for up to 20 toolsto enhance uptime.Safety• Smart refuel fills the machine quicklyfrom an external fuel source; itautomatically stops when the fuel tankis full or the fuel source is empty.• The rearview and sideview camerasenhance visibility to help makeoperators more efficient.• Anti-skid plates reduce slipping hazardsin all types of weather conditions.3EngineEngine Model Cat C13 ACERTGross Power – SAE J1995322 kW432 hp Engine Power – ISO 14396317 kW425 hp Net Power – ISO 9249304 kW408 hp Bore130 mm 5.1 in Stroke157 mm 6.2 in Displacement12.5 L763 in3Hydraulic SystemMain System – Maximum Flow (total)770 L/min203 gal/min Swing System – Maximum Flow385 L/min102 gal/min Maximum Pressure – Equipment35 000 kPa5,076 psi Maximum Pressure – Equipment(Lift mode)38 000 kPa5,511 psi Maximum Pressure – Travel35 000 kPa5,076 psi Maximum Pressure – Swing27 500 kPa3,989 psi Auxiliary Circuit – High Pressure300 L/min79 gal/min Auxiliary Circuit – Medium Pressure45 L/min12 gal/min Pilot System – Maximum Flow27 L/min7 gal/min Pilot System – Maximum Pressure4120 kPa598 psi Boom Cylinder – Bore170 mm 6.7 in Boom Cylinder – Stroke3748 mm147.6 in Stick Cylinder – Bore190 mm7.5 in Stick Cylinder – Stroke4306 mm169.5 inB1 Bucket Cylinder – Bore120 mm 4.7 inB1 Bucket Cylinder – Stroke2788 mm109.8 inAir Conditioning SystemThe air conditioning system on this machine contains the fluorinated greenhouse gas refrigerant R134a (Global Warming Potential = 1430). The system contains 1.00 kg of refrigerant, which has a CO2 equivalent of 1.430 metric tonnes.DriveMaximum Travel Speed 4.7 km/h 2.91 mph Maximum Drawbar Pull330 kN74,200 lbfSwingSwing Speed8.7 rpmMaximum Swing Torque187 kN·m137,924 lbf-ftService Refill CapacitiesFuel Tank Capacity720 L190 gal Cooling System50 L13.2 gal Engine Oil (with filter)38 L10 gal Swing Drive (each)10 L 2.6 gal Final Drive (each)15 L 4 gal Hydraulic System (including tank)570 L151 gal Hydraulic Tank407 L108 gal DEF Tank41 L11 galTrackNumber of Shoes (each side)52 piecesNumber of Track Rollers (each side)9 piecesNumber of Carrier Rollers (each side) 3 piecesSoundExterior Sound Power Level –ISO 6395:2008*106 dB(A)Operator Sound Pressure Level –ISO 6396:200869 dB(A)• Hearing protection may be needed when operating with an open operator station and cab (when not properly maintained or doors/ windows open) for extended periods or in a noisy environment.* As per European Union Directive 200/14/EC as amended by 2005/88/EC.352F LRE Hydraulic Excavator Specifications4352F LRE Hydraulic Excavator Specifications DimensionsAll dimensions are approximate.Boom Option LRE Boom11.5 m (37'9")Stick Option LRE Stick8.5 m (27'11")1Shipping Height*3740 mm12'3"2Shipping Length16 460 mm54'0"3Tail Swing Radius3760 mm12'4"4Length to Center of Rollers4340 mm14'3"5Track Length5380 mm17'8"6Ground Clearance, including Shoe Lug Height710 mm2'4"Ground Clearance, not including Shoe Lug Height740 mm2'5"7Track GaugeLong Variable Gauge Undercarriage (expanded)3720 mm12'3"Long Variable Gauge Undercarriage (retracted)3220 mm10'7"8Transport Width without StepsLong Variable Gauge Undercarriage (expanded)600 mm (24") Shoes4320 mm14'2"750 mm (30") Shoes4470 mm14'8"900 mm (35") Shoes4620 mm15'2"Long Variable Gauge Undercarriage (retracted)600 mm (24") Shoes3820 mm12'6"750 mm (30") Shoes3970 mm13'0"900 mm (35") Shoes4120 mm13'6"9Cab Height3390 mm11'2"10Counterweight Clearance**1450 mm4'9"Bucket Type GDBucket Part Number347-6708Bucket Capacity 1.19 m3 1.56 yd3 Bucket Tip Radius1557 mm5'1"*Including shoe lug height.**Without shoe lug height.5352F LRE Hydraulic Excavator Specifications6Working RangesAll dimensions are approximate.510152025303540455055606570Feet510152025303540455101520253035404550Feet1234567891112131415106789101112131454321Boom Option LRE Boom11.5 m (37'9")Stick Option LRE Stick8.5 m (27'11")1Maximum Digging Depth13 040 mm42'9" 2Maximum Reach at Ground Level19 640 mm64'5" Maximum Radius of Working Equipment19 790 mm64'11" 3Maximum Cutting Height14 700 mm48'3" 4Maximum Loading Height12 030 mm39'6" 5Minimum Loading Height2250 mm7'5"6Maximum Depth Cut for 2440 mm (8'0") Level Bottom12 600 mm41'4" 7Maximum Vertical Wall Digging Depth11 280 mm37'0" Bucket Digging Force (ISO)141 kN31,600 lbf Stick Digging Force (ISO)104 kN23,400 lbf Bucket Digging Force (SAE)125 kN28,000 lbf Stick Digging Force (SAE)103 kN23,100 lbf Bucket Type GDBucket Part Number347-6708Bucket Capacity 1.19 m3 1.56 yd3 Bucket Tip Radius1557 mm5'1"352F LRE Hydraulic Excavator Specifications7Operating Weights and Ground Pressures900 mm (35")750 mm (30")600 mm (24")Triple Grouser Shoes Triple Grouser Shoes Triple Grouser Shoes Operating Weights 59 400 kg 130,954 lb 58 600 kg 129,190 lb 57 800 kg 127,427 lb Ground Pressures69 kPa10.0 psi82 kPa11.8 psi101 kPa14.6 psiMajor Component Weightskg lb Base Machine (with boom cylinder, without counterweight, front linkage and track)29 84465,795Lower Structure (without track)Long Variable Gauge Undercarriage 14 50431,976Upper Structure (with boom cylinder, without front linkage and counterweight)For 12 mt (13.2 t) Counterweight 15 34033,818Counterweight 12 mt (13.2 t)12 00026,455Boom (includes lines, pins and stick cylinder)LRE Boom – 11.5 m (37'9")580012,787Stick (includes lines, pins and bucket cylinder)LRE Stick – 8.5 m (27'11")33007,275Track Shoes900 mm (35") Triple Grouser Shoes 670014,770750 mm (30") Triple Grouser Shoes 594013,095600 mm (24") Triple Grouser Shoes 519011,441BucketGD 1.19 m3 (1.56 yd3)7731,706Base machine includes 75 kg (165 lb) operator weight, 90% fuel weight, and undercarriage with center guard.352F LRE Hydraulic Excavator Specifications8LRE Fronts Capacities – Counterweight: 12 mt (13.2 t) – without Bucket – Heavy Lift: OnISO 10567* I ndicates that the load is limited by hydraulic lifting capacity rather than tipping load. The above loads are in compliance with hydraulic excavator lift capacity standard ISO 10567:2007. They do not exceed 87% of hydraulic lifting capacity or 75% of tipping load. Weight of all lifting accessories must be deducted from the above lifting capacities. Lifting capacities are based on the machine standing on a firm, uniform supporting surface. The use of a work tool attachment point to handle/lift objects, could affect the machine lift performance.Lift capacity stays with ±5% for all available track shoes.Always refer to the appropriate Operation and Maintenance Manual for specific product information.(continued on next page)8.5 m (27'11")11.5 m (37'9")352F LRE Hydraulic Excavator Specifications9LRE Fronts Capacities – Counterweight: 12 mt (13.2 t) – without Bucket – Heavy Lift: On (continued)ISO 10567* I ndicates that the load is limited by hydraulic lifting capacity rather than tipping load. The above loads are in compliance with hydraulic excavator lift capacity standard ISO 10567:2007. They do not exceed 87% of hydraulic lifting capacity or 75% of tipping load. Weight of all lifting accessories must be deducted from the above lifting capacities. Lifting capacities are based on the machine standing on a firm, uniform supporting surface. The use of a work tool attachment point to handle/lift objects, could affect the machine lift performance.Lift capacity stays with ±5% for all available track shoes.Always refer to the appropriate Operation and Maintenance Manual for specific product information.8.5 m (27'11")11.5 m (37'9")352F LRE Hydraulic Excavator Specifications10The above loads are in compliance with hydraulic excavator standard EN474-5:2006 + A3:2013, they do not exceed 87% of hydraulic lifting capacity or 75% of tipping capacity with front linkage fully extended at ground line with bucket curled.Capacity based on ISO 7451:2007.Bucket weight with long tips.Maximum Material Density:2100 kg/m3 (3,500 lb/yd3)1800 kg/m3 (3,000 lb/yd3)Caterpillar recommends using appropriate work tools to maximize the value customers receive from our products. Use of work tools, including buckets, which are outside of Caterpillar’s recommendations or specifications for weight, dimensions, flows, pressures, etc. may result in less-than-optimal performance, including but not limited to reductions in production, stability, reliability, and component durability. Improper use of a work tool resulting in sweeping, prying, twisting and/or catching of heavy loads will reduce the life of the boom and stick.352F LRE Hydraulic Excavator Specifications11The above loads are in compliance with hydraulic excavator standard EN474-5:2006 + A3:2013, they do not exceed 87% of hydraulic lifting capacity or 75% of tipping capacity with front linkage fully extended at ground line with bucket curled.Capacity based on ISO 7451:2007.Bucket weight with long tips.Maximum Material Density:2100 kg/m3 (3,500 lb/yd3)1800 kg/m3 (3,000 lb/yd3)Caterpillar recommends using appropriate work tools to maximize the value customers receive from our products. Use of work tools, including buckets, which are outside of Caterpillar’s recommendations or specifications for weight, dimensions, flows, pressures, etc. may result in less-than-optimal performance, including but not limited to reductions in production, stability, reliability, and component durability. Improper use of a work tool resulting in sweeping, prying, twisting and/or catching of heavy loads will reduce the life of the boom and stick.352F LRE Standard Equipment12ENGINE• Cat C13 ACERT diesel engine • Biodiesel capable up to B20• Meets Tier 4 Final and Stage IV emission standards• 2300 m (7,500 ft) altitude capability • Electric priming pump• Automatic engine speed control• Standard, economy and high power modes • Two-speed travel• Side-by-side cooling system • Radial seal air filter• Primary filter with water separator and water separator indicator switch• Fuel differential indicator switch in fuel line • 2×6 micron main filters• 1×10 micron primary fuel line filter HYDRAULIC SYSTEM• Regeneration circuit for boom and stick • Reverse swing dampening valve • Automatic swing parking brake• High-performance hydraulic return filterCAB• Pressurized operator station with positive filtration • Mirror package• Sliding upper door window • Glass-breaking safety hammer • Removable lower windshield within cab storage bracket • Coat hook• Beverage holder • Literature holder• Radio with MP3 auxiliary audio port • Two stereo speakers• Storage shelf suitable for lunch or toolbox • Color LCD display with warning, filter/fluid change, and working hour information • Adjustable armrest• Height adjustable joystick consoles • Neutral lever (lock out) for all controls • Travel control pedals with removable hand levers• Two power outlets, 10 amp (total)• Laminated glass front upper window and tempered other windows UNDERCARRIAGE• Grease Lubricated Track GLT4• Towing eye on base frame • Heavy-duty track rollers • Track motor guardsELECTRICAL• 80 amp alternator • Circuit breakerLIGHTS• Boom light• Cab lights with time delay• Exterior lights integrated into storage box SECURITY• Cat one key security system • Door locks• Cap locks on fuel and hydraulic tanks • Lockable external tool/storage box • Signaling/warning horn• Secondary engine shutoff switch • Openable skylight for emergency exit • Rearview and sideview camerasStandard EquipmentStandard equipment may vary. Consult your Cat dealer for details.352F LRE Optional Equipment13ENGINE• Electric refueling pump with auto shut off • Starting kit, cold weather, –32° C (–26° F)• Jump start receptacle• Quick drains, engine and hydraulic oil HYDRAULIC SYSTEM• Control pattern quick-changer, two way • Additional circuit • Boom and stick lines • High-pressure line • Medium-pressure line• Cat quick coupler line – high- and medium-pressure capable• Quick coupler for high pressure • Tool control systemCAB• Cab hatch emergency exit• Seat, high-back air suspension with heater and cooling• Seat, high-back air suspension with heater • Seat, high-back mechanical suspension • Sunscreen• Windshield wiper, lower with washer • AM/FM radio • Air pre-filter • Travel alarm • Left foot switch • Left pedal• Straight travel pedalUNDERCARRIAGE• Long HD Variable Gauge undercarriage: –600 mm (24") triple grouser shoes, PPR2 –750 mm (30") triple grouser shoes, PPR2 –900 mm (35") triple grouser shoes, PPR2• Guard, full length• Guard, heavy-duty bottom • Center track guiding guard• Segmented (three piece) track guiding guard • Fabricating idler • Casting idler COUNTERWEIGHT • 12.0 mt (13.2 t)FRONT LINKAGE • Bucket linkage–TB family without lifting eye • Long Reach boom –11.5 m (37'9") boom –8.5 m (27'11") stickLIGHTS• Working lights, cab mounted with time delay • HID lights, cab mounted with time delay • Halogen boom lights • HID boom lights SECURITY• FOGS, bolt-on• Guard, cab front, mesh • Guard, vandalism TECHNOLOGY • Cat GRADE • Product Link™Optional EquipmentOptional equipment may vary. Consult your Cat dealer for details.Notes 14Notes15For more complete information on Cat products, dealer services, and industry solutions, visit us on the web at © 2019 CaterpillarAll rights reservedMaterials and specifications are subject to change without notice. Featured machines in photos may include additional equipment. See your Cat dealer for available options.CAT, CATERPILLAR, LET’S DO THE WORK, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Yellow,” the “Power Edge” and Cat “Modern Hex” trade dress as well as corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarksof Caterpillar and may not be used without permission.AEHQ8184-01 (07-2019) Replaces AEHQ8184(Eur, N Am)。

土方作业动态切削的可视实时仿真

土方作业动态切削的可视实时仿真于长志;倪涛;林杰;周丹晨;尚鋆【期刊名称】《农业工程学报》【年(卷),期】2015(31)4【摘要】The surface objects of terrain are the main operation objects of earthmoving machinery, and soil cutting resistance from the process is a basic source of all vehicle dynamic phenomenons. The soil cutting resistance is the basis of mathematical model of excavator - terrain dynamic interaction, which has an important influence on hydraulic system, working device, motion mechanism and vehicle performances. Hydraulic excavator as a representative model of engineering machinery, is widely used in construction, mining, forestry, municipal engineering and other fields. The most common working condition of excavator is earthmoving work. However, because of the complexity of working environments, even if the skilled operator couldn't completely understand the status of operation terrain areas, soil parameters, soil - cutting resistance, etc. Especially the soil - cutting resistance has a great significance for the phase of product design and development and path planning. Due to unpredictability of operational terrain areas, improper operation often causes safety accidents, and even machine apart. At present, most construction machinery driving simulators are typically limited to the modeling and simulation of the kinematics and dynamics of the workingdevice under no-loading or steady loading condition. This neglects the influence of the soil excavation resistance on the system under operating conditions. Therefore, it is difficult for these simulators to realistically capture the dynamic interaction between the device and environment, and impossible to make a proper evaluation of the closed-loop human-machine-environment system, which caused the physics behavior of vehicle was not accurate enough. This caused the sense of reality is very low and couldn’t provide drivers enough immersion, forming the situation that demonstration effect is greater than engineering application. On the basis of geometric entity modeling in visual simulation engine, Delta3D, real-time multi-body dynamics simulation platform, Vortex, are adopted to build the software framework and simulate dynamic characteristics of excavator, which also has complex collision detection function. A simulation platform for hydraulic excavator driving simulator was established, and carried on typical driving conditions tests of the excavator in the virtual environment, such as excavation, outward transport, pouring soil. It assumed that soil particles are mainly destroyed by shear fracture during digging operations, according to theory of passive soil pressure presented by Terzaghi, cutting resistance model of the soil in working condition is established, which assumed the soil as rigid-plastic material and use the static equilibrium to solve the soil particles resistance acting on excavator bucket..According to the actual operation situations of digging bucket, terrain inclination, acceleration, and side friction from soil to bucket parameters are applied to revise FEE put forward by Reece. Thecutting resistance forces from soil to bucket in three interaction operations are obtained, and the factors affecting the cutting resistance were analyzed. By changing the soil cutting parameters, the system can realize the simulation of soil cutting resistance under different working condition. The visualization and real-time simulation of dynamic cutting of earthmoving work platform established provides highly accurate and real-time simulation of the kinetics of hydraulic excavators under a virtual environment. The system has characteristics of high fidelity, well real-time performance and strong immersive, and can be not only used for auxiliary training, guaranteeing the stability in interaction process and improving work efficiency, but also used in the engineering application, providing intuitive measurement method of product design and development, evaluating performance, operating characteristics, control strategy, human-machine safety, etc. With the interaction simulation platform, operators can make correct evaluation of a closed loop system for human - machine - environment. Furthermore, the visualization and real-time simulation of dynamic cutting of earthmoving work platform can provide the multi-repeated data for evaluation of the vehicle manipulation performance for hydraulic excavator.%针对液压挖掘机驾驶模拟器土方作业仿真中缺乏时变负载——土壤切削阻力，基于Delta3D视景仿真引擎和多体动力学实时交互软件Vortex搭建了系统软件框架，实现了挖掘机车辆动力学特性的真实模拟，并建立了铲斗与土壤的交互仿真平台。

液压挖掘机工作装置运动仿真研究

回转角度 / (° )
360
液压系统最大流量/（L/min）
490
图2 挖掘机ADAMS虚拟样机模型图
采用 MSC 公司开发的无缝连接方式的接口模块，将 CR EO3.0 软件中建立的挖掘机工作装置装配模型导入动力学仿真软件 A DA MS 中 [4]。由于不研究行走机构，因此必须将平台作为一个构件导入 A DA MS 中。在 CR EO3.0 软件中建模时，要注意单位和密度的设定与 A DA MS 保持一致，否则在导入时会出现错误。在模型中添加约束条件，如旋转副、移动副、圆柱副等，建立起挖掘机工作装置虚拟样机模型。如图 2 所示。
W1，法向挖掘力 W2），另一种是挖掘物料而带来的重力 W3。挖掘机工作时不但可以使用斗杆挖掘也可以使用铲斗挖掘，通常情况下，铲斗挖掘时的挖掘阻力要稍大于斗杆挖掘所产生的阻力。因而本文主要对铲斗挖掘阻力进行仿真分析，切屑阻力与切屑深
优化设计来提供参考依据。
图1 反铲液压挖掘机三维装配模型图
1 虚拟样机的建立
反铲液压挖掘机工作装置主要是由铲斗、铲斗液
压缸、斗杆、斗杆液压缸、动臂、动臂液压缸、回转机构等构件组成 [3]。根据实验室已有的 SY235 型反铲液压挖掘机，其主要的技术参数如表 1 所示。
且挖掘力是挖掘机主要的性能参数，其大小与各铰点的位置和液压缸的推力有关 [5]。挖掘机在挖掘的过程中所受的外载荷通常分成两种：一种是挖掘过
h
图3 挖掘力分析图
程中挖掘土壤而产生的阻力（其中包括切向挖掘力

矿业工程专业英语词汇

矿业工程专业英语词汇(H)作者：admin 文章来源：点击数：更新时间：2007-3-24 14:58:16ontal slicing 水平分层开采法horn lead 角铅矿horn set 基础垛盘hornblende 角闪石hornstone 角岩horse 夹层horse back 底板隆起horsepower 乌力horsfordite 锑铜矿hose 软管hosepipe 软管hot working face 热工祖hotching 跳汰选houser lay 交叉捻向housing 壳hover ground 松软地hubnerite 钨锰矿huebnerite 钨锰矿huge blast 大爆破humid 湿的humidification 润湿化humidify 湿润humidity 湿气humidity control 湿度控制humidity recorder 湿度记录器humite 硅镁石humolites 陆植煤类hutch 矿车hutch product 筛下产品hyalite 玻璃蛋白石hydrant 消火栓hydrargillite 水铅矿hydrate 水合物hydration 水合酌hydraulic 水力的hydraulic air compressor 水力压缩机hydraulic backfilling 水力充填hydraulic brake 水力制动器hydraulic cement 水凝水泥hydraulic classification 水力分级hydraulic classifier 水力分级机hydraulic compressor 水力压缩机hydraulic control plan 液压系统图hydraulic conveyer 水力运输管hydraulic conveying 水力运输hydraulic cyclone 水力旋流hydraulic dredge 吸泥式挖掘船hydraulic dredging 用吸扬式挖泥船挖泥疏浚hydraulic drill rig 液压钻车hydraulic drilling 水力钻眼hydraulic excavator 液压挖掘机hydraulic extension bar 液压伸长顶梁hydraulic feed 液压推进hydraulic fill 水力充填hydraulic giant 水枪hydraulic gradient 水力坡度hydraulic gravel fill 水力砾石充填hydraulic mine 水力开采矿井hydraulic mining 水采hydraulic monitor 水枪hydraulic oil 液压用油hydraulic packing 液压填密hydraulic pipe line dredge 吸泥式挖掘船hydraulic power pack 液压泵站hydraulic press 水压机hydraulic pressure 液压hydraulic pressure rgulator 液压第器hydraulic prop 液压支柱hydraulic prop test rig 液压支柱试验装置hydraulic prospecting 水力勘探hydraulic pump 液压泵hydraulic pusher 液压推进器hydraulic ram 液压油缸;液压推车机hydraulic rock drill 液压式凿岩机hydraulic servomechanism 液压伺服机构hydraulic shaft jumbo 液压凿井钻机hydraulic shock absorber 液压减震器油压缓冲装置hydraulic slushing 水力充填hydraulic stowing 水力充填hydraulic support 液压支架hydraulic test 液压检验hydraulic tool 液压工具hydraulic transmission 液体传动hydraulic transport 水力运输hydraulic transporting device 水力运输设备hydraulic work 水采hydraulicking 水采hydraulics 水力学hydro mechaized mine 水力机械化矿井hydro mechanical tipper 液压翻车机hydro mechanized mine 水力机械化矿井hydrobel 海特罗伯尔炸药hydroboracite 水方硼石hydrocarbon 烃hydroclassifier 水力分级机hydrocyclone 水力旋流hydrodynamics 铃动力学hydrogen exponent 氢指数hydrogenation 加氢hydrogeochemical prospecting 水文地球化学勘探hydrohalloysite 氢化多水高岭土hydrohematite 水赤铁矿hydrolysis 水解hydromechanization 水力机械化hydrometer 比重计hydromine 水力开采矿井hydromining 水采hydrophane 水蛋白石hydrophilic 亲水性的hydrophilic particle 亲水性颗粒hydrophilic surface 亲水面hydrophobic 疏水的hydrophobic particle 疏水性颗粒hydrophobic surface 疏水面hydropneumatic accumulator 空气液压蓄力嚣hydropost 液压支柱hydropress 水压机hydroseparator 水力分选机hydrosol 水溶胶hydrostatic 铃静力的hydrostatic level 水平面hydrostatic pressure 静水压hydrostatics 铃静力学hydrothermal 热液的hydrox 水蒸汽爆破筒hydrox blaster 水蒸汽爆破筒hydrozincite 水锌矿hygiene of mining 矿山卫生hygrometer 湿度表hygroscopicity 收湿性hypogene rock 深成岩hypothetical resources 假定的资源hysteresis 滞后。

挖掘机模拟机教学设备英文版说明书

Excavator Simulation Training InstrumentLesson plan\ Operation Manual\ TroubleshootingJiangsu Hongchang Construction Machinery Co.,LtdContentsExcavator Simulation Training InstrumentLessonPlanJiangsu Hongchang ConstructionMachinery Co.,LtdTraining OutlineWe recommend that you operate the instrument and train students according to the following training outline in order to make full use of the simulation instrument, and you can also modify and add the contents for reaching the optimum training effect.1. Training items are total 22 lessons, they contains: training mode, test mode and entertainment mode.The training mode is the basic training lesson, it asks students to learn and operate the instrument firstly. Students can master the basic knowledge of excavator, such as, 8 movements of 2 control levers, the safety notes and skills through 11 lessons.The test mode designs 7 practical working items of excavator. Students must operate the first item qualifiedly then enter the next item, which ask students to be proficient in operation.The entertainment mode adopts some games to train students mastering the operation skills and contain education in amusement. In this mode, students finish some interesting items with various difficulties by controlling the boom, arm, bucket.2. The training items are arranged in the sequence from simple to complex, students should operate the first items, such as Free Movements and loading example, so that they can be proficient in the 8 movements of 2 control levers. Only building up a solid basis, students can finish the variously difficult items in the next stage because all kinds of excavator works ask operators must be skillful in the operation of 2 control levers.3. The aim of simulation instrument is to convert the first 5-10 hours training on the real excavator into the 30-50 hours training on the simulation instrument, which ensures students to master the 2 control levers, and saves the training cost for school, reduces the wear of real excavator and fuel consumption.4. In the process of training simulation instrument, the teacher should correct students’errors in time, and discipline students to operate the instrument in accordance with the practical operation rules and notes of excavator, this is to make students master the skills and safety notes of real excavator through the simulation instrument, students can standardize operation in the real excavator in the future.5. School should arrange students to read, write down and recite the safety notes and skills of excavator in the theory files.6. The teacher should be strict with students for they master the excavator operation, skills and notes, and laying the foundation for the future real excavator training, saving the training cost and improving the teaching quality.The First Stage: Teaching Section of Simulation InstrumentLessons ArrangementsClass Time: 5-8 ClassesTeaching Aim: Comprehend and master the preliminary functions of 2 control levers and excavator basic operations and skills.Class Arrangements: 1. Class Meeting；2. Item Arrangements;3. Summary;Detailed Teaching Plans：I. Class Meeting；(1)．Students register after entering classroom, the teacher tells students theclassroom disciplines and notes.(2)．Introduce each operational buttons.(3)．Introduce the teaching functions and aims of simulation instrument.①The simulation instrument is specially designed and manufactured for training the excavator driver. The operation of 2 control levers is the same with the real excavator (be able to switch the forehand or backhand). The instrument has the lifelike pictures, various sound and language hints. Students can be familiar with the excavator skills through simulation training, then go on the practical operation on the real excavator, which help students master the excavator skills and become a qualified driver.②During operating, not allow students to replace the items privately, they should strictly follow the appointed items and class time to operate, and keep the stable, correct, and light operation in stead of rude operation.(4). When operating the simulation instrument, students can watch the videos of real excavator according to the different items in order to know the operational contents and standard movements. The teacher introduces the excavator’s structures, components names and usages, working environments for students. Before operating, students should know the meanings of 2 labels sticking on the 2 control boxes and remember the 8 movements of 2 control levers. (tips: imagine excavator as people, ie. boom is the upper arm of people, arm is the lower arm, bucket is the hand, bucket teeth are the fingers, this is to be easily understand). Students can remember and answer the left/right control levers’ positions and functions, which is useful to operate smoothly and lay the foundation for the next items.(5). Requirements: Students should remember the movements of 2 control levers and their functions.(6). Watch and record the Power Point from the help files for masteringoperational skills and safety knowledge.II. Item ArrangementsItem Contents: Rudiment Learning – Free MovementsClass Time：3-5 classesClass Requirements: ask students to master the basic and compound operation of 2control levers.Teaching Plans:Free Movements1．Select the item through operating the simulation instrument.2．The teacher instructs the operational methods and functions of left/right levers.3．Firstly, arrange students to practice a single movement of left/right levers, for example, pulling the right control lever back is to raise the boom; pulling to the left is to close the bucket. Let students know and practice each single movement of 2 control levers, then go on the compound operation until they are really proficient in 8 movements.4. Operate the boom, arm and bucket to support one side of excavator for letting students know when the excavator need be support and the safety notes after supporting.5. Firstly, the teacher make the operational examples, (the teacher should instruct students while operating, so that students are easily to accept and understand). Students can operate the control levers up, down, left, right by themselves after watching teacher’s example. Don’t stamp on the pedals.Firstly, pull the right control lever back to raise boom and watch the pictures on computer, know each direction of control lever presents the movement name andfunction. During operating, don’t produce the sound when arm cylinder strikes bucket cylinder at the end of piston. When cylinder piston is near, the piston rod should keep 5-10 cm clearance. After mastering each movement of 2 control levers, park the machine properly.6. Use the 2 pedals to travel. Before traveling, students should know the meanings of front/rear travel devices. The teacher instructs the different controls and notes when front idler is in front or rear of travel device. Students master how to properly travel and know the safety knowledge of travel.7. Prepare for traveling. Firstly raise boom, fully roll out the arm cylinder and bucket cylinder, after that, lower boom, keep bucket 40-50cm above the ground. 2 feet lightly stamp the pedals, (reminding: know the systems of excavator, the front is front idler, the back is driving tumbler before traveling by pedals), 2 feet stamping forward is to travel forward, 2 feet stamping backward is to travel backward; Lifting left foot (when pedal is median), right foot stamps forward or backward, the excavator will travel forward and turn left or backward and turn left; Lifting right foot (when pedal is median), left foot stamps forward or backward, the excavator will travel forward and turn right or backward and turn right. If need turn where the excavator is, one foot stamps pedal forward, another stamps pedal backward.8. Pull the left control lever left or right, the excavator rotate 180°, then stop the control lever. Experience the pedals again. The cab facing the direction of front idler, stamp the pedal forward if need travel forward; the cab facing the direction of driving tumbler, stamp the pedal backward if need travel forward. Why? Please think over. Because the under carriage of excavator don’t change direction, but the upper structure has changed the direction, the control lever also has changed the direction with upper structure, students should ensure the direction before traveling. (Avoid dangers on the real excavator).Note: In the item of free movements, the excavator only travel in the green area. In all items, the pictures will appear the red flash, words and sound information if happen the wrong operation, for example, the bucket touches the track or any part of excavator. (If appear the above information, please check the cause and properly operate)After students are proficient in free movements, the teacher gives the commands according to the pictures for checking students the corresponding operations. After finish practicing, park the excavator properly.Requirements: When stamping the pedals, should be lightly stamp or lightly lift. Be familiar with the functions, notes and operations of control levers and pedals. Be clear about the front or back directions of excavator.9. The pictures are simple, but students can be proficient in operating 2 control levers through keeping practicing. Only mastering the 2 control levers, students can finish the future items successfully.Item Contents：Rudiment Learning— Loading ExampleClass Time：4-10 ClassesClass Requirements: Be proficient in the basic operation of loading and unloading Teaching Plans：Loading Example1．This item is a great help to operate the real excavator, so arrange students to practice more in order to master loading.2．This item contents：Following the green line to operate the left, right control levers, this is a single movement practice of digging soil and loading. Student should learn the whole process from the bucket opening to closing according to the standard movements. After mastering the basic loading movements, students can freely choose digging sand and loading.3. Details: Following the loading example to keep practicing for master the basic movements of digging and loading.4. The teacher should check students’operations for being standard. Students should pay attention to roll in the arm to the correct position and keep the bucket horizontal. Check the bucket for leaking soil or hitting other objects.Requirements: operate smoothly, correctly, lightly, but not too fast.5. The teacher should correct the problems: don’t lower the boom, don’t roll in arm, the bucket isn’t full. And instruct the safety notes of the real excavator operation. For example:①When unloading, the bucket is not beyond the truck and personnel.。

液压车转运培训计划

液压车转运培训计划一、培训目标通过本次液压车转运培训，参训人员将能够掌握液压车的基本操作技能，了解液压系统的工作原理，能够熟练地进行车辆的转运工作，并且具备相关安全知识和应急处理能力。

二、培训对象对液压车转运工作感兴趣，愿意参与培训并具备一定工作经验的人员。

三、培训内容1. 液压车的基本知识（1）液压车的工作原理（2）液压系统的组成及作用（3）液压系统的维护与保养2. 液压车的操作技能（1）车辆的起动与停止（2）车辆的驾驶技巧（3）车辆的转向与倒车（4）车辆的装卸操作3. 安全知识与应急处理（1）液压车的安全操作规程（2）液压车意外事故的应急处理（3）液压车日常的安全检查四、培训方式1. 理论教学：通过教材、视频等形式进行液压车的基本知识的讲解。

2. 模拟操作：利用模拟器或者虚拟实景进行操作技能的模拟练习。

3. 实地操作：实地指导，让学员亲自操作液压车进行转运工作的实际练习。

4. 专业技术人员培训：邀请液压车行业的专业技术人员来进行操作技能的指导和培训。

五、培训安排1. 培训时间：本次液压车转运培训计划为期一个月，每周安排四天的培训时间，每天培训时间为八小时，其中早上进行理论教学，下午进行模拟操作和实地操作。

2. 培训地点：培训地点为专门的液压车培训场地，保证学员能够得到良好的学习和操作环境。

3. 培训人员：培训人员由公司内部专门从事液压车转运工作的主管和技术人员担任培训师，确保培训内容能够符合实际工作要求。

六、培训评估1. 期中考核：培训进行到一半时，安排期中考核，对学员的理论知识和操作技能进行检测。

2. 期末考核：培训结束时，进行期末考核，对学员的综合能力进行评估。

七、培训效果培训结束后，学员将能够熟练掌握液压车的基本知识和操作技能，能够独立进行车辆的转运工作，掌握液压车安全知识和应急处理能力。

并且达到相关考核标准。

八、培训成本培训成本包括培训场地租赁费用、培训材料费用、培训师工资及差旅费用等。

日立挖掘机技术手册说明书

URL:e pc at al o g s .c ome p c a t a l o g s .c o mTo The ReaderAdditional ReferencesManual CompositionPage NumberThis manual is written for an experienced technician to provide technical information needed to maintain and repair this machine.The machine specification and description according to destination may be explained on this manual. Be sure to thoroughly read this manual for correct product information and service procedures.Please refer to the other materials (operator’s manual, parts catalog, engine technical material and Hitachi training material etc.) in addition to this manual.This manual consists the Technical Manual, the Workshop Manual and the Engine Manual.Information included in the Technical Manual:Technical information needed for redelivery and delivery, operation and activation of all devices and systems, operational performance tests, and troubleshooting procedures.Each page has a number, located on the center lower part of the page, and each number contains the following information:Example:Technical Manual: T 1-3-5T Technical Manual 1Section Number 3Group Number5Consecutive Page Number for Each GroupIf you have any questions or comments, at if you found any errors regarding the contents of this manual,please contact using “Service Manual Revision Request Form” at the end of this manual. (Note: Do not tear off the form. Copy it for usage.):Technical Information Center Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. TEL: 81-29-832-7084 FAX: 81-29-831-1162E-mail:*****************************Information included in the Workshop Manual:Technical information needed for maintenance and repair of the machine, tools and devices needed for maintenance and repair, maintenance standards, and removal / installation and assemble / disassemble procedures.Information included in the Engine Manual:Technical information needed for redelivery and delivery and maintenance and repair of the machine, operation and activation of all devices and systems, troubleshooting and assemble / disassemble procedures.Workshop Manual: W 1-3-2-5W Workshop Manual 1Section Number 3Group Number 2Sub Group Number5Consecutive Page Number for Each Groupe pc at al o g s .c omSafety Alert Symbol and Headline NotationsIn this manual, the following safety alert symbol and signal words are used to alert the reader to the potential for personal injury of machine damage.d This is the safety alert symbol. When you see thissymbol, be alert to the potential for personal injury.Never fail to follow the safety instructions prescribed along with the safety alert symbol.The safety alert symbol is also used to draw attention to component/part weights.To avoid injury and damage, be sure to use appropriate lifting techniques and equipment when lifting heavy parts.d CAUTION:Indicates potentially hazardous situation which could, if not avoided, result in personal injury or death.IMPORTANT:Indicates a situation which, if not conformed to the instructions, could result in damage to the machine.f NOTE:Indicates supplementary technical information or know-how.Units UsedQuantity To Convert FromInto Multiply By Length mm in 0.03937mmft 0.003281VolumeLUS gal 0.2642L US qt 1.057m 3yd 3 1.308Weight kg lb 2.205Force N kgf 0.10197N lbf 0.2248TorqueN·m kgf·m 0.10197Pressure MPa kgf/cm 210.197MPa psi 145.0PowerkW PS 1.360kW HP 1.341Temperature °C °F °C×1.8+32Velocity km/h mph 0.6214min -1rpm1.0Flow rateL/min US gpm 0.2642mL/revcc/rev1.0f NOTE:The numerical value in this manual might bedifferent from the above-mentioned table.SI Units (International System of Units) are used in this manual. MKSA system units and English units are also indicated in parentheses just behind SI units.Example: 24.5 MPa (250 kgf/cm 2, 3560 psi)A table for conversion from SI units to other system units is shown below for reference purposes.e pc at al o g s .c omSYMBOL AND ABBREVIATIONSymbol / Abbreviation NameExplanationTO Technical manual (Operational principle)Technical manual (Operational Principle). TT Technical manual (Troubleshooting)Technical manual (Troubleshooting). T/M Technical manual Technical manual.W, W/M Workshop manualWorkshop manual (Removal and Installation, Disassembly and Assembly).MC Main Controller Main controller. MC controls the engine, pump, and valveaccording to the machine operating condition.ECU Engine Control Module Engine controller. ECU controls fuel injection amountaccording to the machine operating condition.GSMGlobal System for Mobile communications controller Communication controller. GSM is a type of wireless communication system, is used in more than on 100countries around Europe and Asia, and becomes the factual global standards of the mobile telephone.GPS Global Positioning System Global positioning system. CANController Area Network CAN communication. CAN is a serial communicationsprotocol internationally-standardized by ISO (International Organization for Standardization).A/C Air Conditioner Air conditioner. OP , OPT Option Optional component. MPDr. Maintenance Pro Dr.MPDr. is software that troubleshooting, monitoring, andadjustment.A/I Auto-Idle Auto-idle. WU Warming-Up Warming-up. Li Low (Slow) Idle Slow idle engine speed. ATT Attachment Attachment. Attachment is optional parts such as breaker,crusher, and pulverizer in this manual.HI, Hi High Travel fast position.LO, Lo Low Travel slow position.EGRExhaust Gas Recirculation The EGR control re-circulates a part of exhaust gas in theintake manifold and combines it with intake-air. Therefore, combustion temperature is lowered and generation of oxide of nitrogen (NOx) is controlled.CSDCold Start Device Engine start device at low temperature. It increasinglyadvances the fuel injection timing and increases the fuel injection amount a little when coolant temperature is less than 5 °C. Therefore, the engine starting is improved.e pc at al o g s .c omBuy nowHitachi Hydraulic Excavator ZX85USB-5A Workshop Manual PDF With Instant Download。

液压挖掘机铲斗的轨迹跟踪控制_张大庆

第35卷第5期吉林大学学报(工学版)Vo.l 35 N o .52005年9月Journa l o f Jili n U niversit y (Eng i nee ri ng and T echno l ogy Ed iti on)S ept .2005文章编号:1671-5497(2005)05-0490-05收稿日期:2005 04 15.基金项目: 863 国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2003AA 430200).作者简介:张大庆(1977-),男,博士研究生.研究方向:工程机械液压控制、机器人技术.E m a i:l daqi ng _zh @163.co m通讯联系人:何清华(1946-),男,教授,博士生导师.研究方向:液压工程机械及凿岩机器人技术.E m a i :l hqh @ma i.l csu .edu .cn液压挖掘机铲斗的轨迹跟踪控制张大庆,何清华,郝鹏,郭勇(中南大学机电工程学院,长沙410083)摘要:为了降低液压挖掘机进行精整作业时的手动操作难度,对某型液压挖掘机的工作装置进行了二自由度的动力学分析,建立了其动力学方程;通过测试试验,给出了控制阀死区补偿方法,PI D 参数设置方法和数值;并在上述参数下进行了仿真实验。

结果表明,当铲斗末端跟踪的设定水平直线长度为2500mm,铲斗水平跟踪速度为107mm /s 时,其精度可以控制在120mm 之内,达到一般熟练工人的程度,证明了该控制方案是可行的。

关键词:工程机械;液压挖掘机;动力学;轨迹跟踪;PI D 控制;试验研究中图分类号:TU 621;TP24 文献标识码:AT rajectory Tracking Control of H ydraulic Excavator BucketZ HANG Da q i n g ,HE Q ing hua ,HAO Peng ,GUO Yong(Co llege of M echanical and Electrical E n g ineer i ng,Central South Un i ver sit y,Chang sha 410083,China)Abst ract :To reduce the m an i p u lation co m plex ity of the hydraulic excavator i n finish i n g work ,a 2 degrees of freedo m dyna m ic analysis for the w orking m echan is m of a hydrau lic exeavator w as perfor m ed ,and its dyna m ic equation w as estab lished .A m ethod for co m pensating the dead band of t h e control valves ,the set of the PI D contro l para m eters and the ir se lecti o n w ere acco m plished by exper i m ents .A si m ulation of t h e excavator bucke t contro l sche m e w as done under se l e cted para m eters .The si m u lated results sho w that the bucket tracking error w as controlled w ith i n 120mm w hen the ho rizontal li n ear trac k i n g d istance of the bucket end w as se t at 2500mm and the hor izontal tracking speed at 107mm /s ,ach iev i n g t h e prec isi o n of an average vetran operator ,so t h e control sche m e is applicab le .K ey w ords :constructi o n m ach i n er y ;hydraulic ex cavator ;dyna m ics ;tra j e ctory tracking ;PI D contro;lexperi m ental research0 引言目前机电一体化、自动化已成为工程机械的发展方向之一。