1非谓语动词 时态语态

• 一般过去时：
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1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习 惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式 4.否定形式：was/were + not;在行为动词前加didn‘t， 同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的 过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.
三、过去分词
• 1.分词作宾语补足语 • (1) I’m still unable to make myself__ in the discussion, which worries me a lot. • A. to be understood B. understanding • C. understood D. understand • 2.连词+过去分词结构 • (2) If __in the fridge, the fruit can remain fresh for more than a week . • A. keeping B. be kept • C. kept D. to keep
• 一般现在时 • 1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种 状况。 • 2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every
week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, • 3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改 为第三人称单数形式） • 4.否定形式： • am/is/are + not;
• 5. Jane always enjoys__ to popular music. • A. listening B. being listening C. to be listening D. to listen 6. Price is not the only thing customers consider before__ what to buy. A. deciding B. decided C. to decide D. having decided
• (2)时间状语 • __that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. • A. Heard B. Having heard C. Hear D. To hear • While__ in London, the young engineer picked up some English. • A. staying B. stay C. stayed D. to stay • (3)伴随状语 • Entering the garden, they found the flowers very beautiful. • He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. • （4）结果状语 • He fired, killing one of the passers-by.
四、现在分词
• 1.现在分词作定语 • 作定语时，它所修饰的中心名词执行或发出这个动作。如 working couples就等于the couples who work. • He told me that the man standing in the middle was an admired worker. • 2.现在分词作状语 • （1）原因状语 • __tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude. Julia decided to do the job all by herself. • A. To get B. To have got C. Getting D. Have got • Knowing that she would soon get well, we didn’t worry too much.
• 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don‘t, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn’t，同时还原行为 动词。 • 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问， 如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为 动词。
• It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words.
• Make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等动词后作宾语补足语不定式要省略to • 练习 • 1. The father was delighted to hear the child __ that. • A. to say B. to have said C. say D. said • 2.More and more trucks are seen___ between these two towns these days. • A. run B. to run C. be running D. being run
• 3.不定式的被动式、完成式和进行式 • He was very sorry ___ her at the airport. • A. not to meet B. to not meet • C. to have not met D. not to have met • 4.省略to 的不定式 • She tried hard, but she still couldn’t make us____ (change) our mind.
二、动名词
• (1)接动名词作宾语的词 • Admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, can’t stand, consider , delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practice, quit, recall, resist, risk, suggest • (2)动名词作主语 • It is useless/good/nice/fun/a waste of time+动名词词组 • It is no use waiting here. • It is a waste of time arguing with him. • (3)在want, need, deserve, require等动词后表“需要干什么” 时，后接动名词表被动含义 • The problem requires studying with great care.
• 如果主从句的主语不一致，从句或第二个并列句中的 位于动词是被动结构，可以省略连词，构成“名词词 组（主语）+其他”结构，即独立主格结构。 • All our saving gone, we started looking for jobs. • With the first point agreed on, they turned their discussion to next one.
• 3.过去分词作定语 • (3) Thousands of products__ from crude oil are now in daily use. • A. to make B. be made C. making D. made • 4.过去分词做状语 • （1）原因状语 • Exhausted by the journey, we soon fell asleep. • Born in a poor family, Edison had to work when he was a child. • (2)条件状语 • United, we stand; divided, we fall. • Compared with you, we still have a long way to go .
• (3)让步状语 • Picked 20 times a year, it grows tired only after 40 or 50 years. • Although exhausted by the climb, he continued his journey. • 5.独立主格结构
• 辨析 1. forget to do 2. stop to do 3. remember to do remember doing 4. regret to do regret doing 5. try to do 6. go on doing
forget doing stop doing
try doing go on doing
非谓语动词
• 不定式 to do • 动名词 doing • 分词 • 现在分词 Ving • 过去分词 Ved
一、不定式
பைடு நூலகம்• 1. It is …for sb. to do sth • 2.要求接不定式做宾语的词： • Wish, hope, continue, manage, offer, promise, pretend, intend, attempt, decide, desire, agree, choose, determine, undertake, expect, afford, fail
六、时态
• 英语时态的构成 • 时间：过去、现在、将来 • 状态：一般、进行、完成
• 英语中的十六种时态：
• 一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时； • 现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时； • 现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；
• 现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来 完成进行时
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（5）条件状语 Working hard, you will succeed. （6）让步状语 Working so hard, he failed again. Although living miles away, he attended the course. 3.独立主格结构 ___， we went swimming in the river. • A. The day being very hot B. It was a very hot day • C. The day was very hot D. Being a very hot day
本节练习
• 1. Are you going to fix the car yourself, or are you going to have it__? • A. fixing B. to fix C. fix D. fixed • 2. The May Day Holiday__ over, we must now get down to work. • A. be B. being C. to have been D. to be • 3.At the international conference, the famous scientist gave an excellent report__ on his recent experiment. • A. basing B. based C. to be based D. to base • 4.The professor, __ as a splendid speaker, was warmly received by the students. • A. known B. to be known C. knowing • D. having known