15 August 2014 BBC原稿
bbc精选100文
bbc精选100文BBC（British Broadcasting Corporation）是英国广播公司，是世界上最有影响力的媒体之一。
BBC精选100文是指BBC在其历史长河中，选出的100篇最具代表性和影响力的文章。
这些文章涵盖了各个领域，包括新闻、时事、文化、科技、历史等等。
下面，我们就来看看其中几篇。
第一篇是《肯尼迪遇刺事件》。
这篇文章详细描述了1963年11月22日，美国总统约翰·F·肯尼迪在德克萨斯州达拉斯市遇刺身亡的事件。
这一事件震惊了全世界，也成为了美国历史上最重要的政治暗杀事件之一。
文章中通过详细的叙述和分析，让读者了解到当时的政治背景、肯尼迪的影响力以及这一事件对美国和全球的影响。
第二篇是《人类登月》。
这篇文章记录了1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为第一个登上月球的人类。
这一壮举被全世界视为人类历史上最伟大的科技成就之一。
文章中详细描述了阿姆斯特朗登月的过程，以及他在月球上的著名一句“这是个小步，却是人类的巨大飞跃”。
这篇文章让读者感受到了人类勇气和探索精神的伟大。
第三篇是《乌托邦与现实》。
这篇文章探讨了乌托邦理念与现实社会之间的差距。
乌托邦是指一种理想化的社会模式，追求人类的幸福和完美。
然而，现实社会往往与乌托邦相去甚远。
文章中通过对乌托邦文学作品的分析，让读者思考现实社会中的问题和挑战，以及如何在现实中追求更好的社会。
第四篇是《人工智能的崛起》。
这篇文章讨论了人工智能技术的发展和应用。
人工智能是一种模拟人类智能的技术，可以进行复杂的计算和决策。
文章中介绍了人工智能在医疗、交通、金融等领域的应用，以及对社会和人类的影响。
这篇文章引发了读者对人工智能技术的思考和讨论。
以上只是BBC精选100文中的几篇，每一篇文章都有其独特的价值和意义。
这些文章通过深入的报道和分析，让读者了解到世界的变化和发展，引发读者对重大事件和社会问题的思考。
八月15的节日和风俗的作文
八月15的节日和风俗的作文英文回答：August 15th is a special day for many cultures around the world, and it is celebrated with various festivals and customs. In many countries, August 15th is known as Assumption Day, which is a Christian feast day that commemorates the Virgin Mary's assumption into heaven. Itis a time for religious observances, processions, and feasting.In Greece, August 15th is known as the Feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos, and it is a major religious holiday. People attend church services, participate in parades, and enjoy traditional Greek music and dance. It is also a time for families to come together and have a big feast with traditional dishes such as lamb, moussaka, and baklava.In India, August 15th is celebrated as Independence Day,marking the day when India gained independence from British rule in 1947. The day is marked by flag hoisting ceremonies, parades, and cultural events. It is a time for people to reflect on the country's freedom struggle and to honor the sacrifices made by freedom fighters.In Korea, August 15th is known as Gwangbokjeol, which translates to "Restoration of Light Day." It is a national holiday commemorating the liberation of Korea from Japanese colonial rule in 1945. The day is marked by patriotic ceremonies, fireworks, and performances that celebrate Korean culture and history.Overall, August 15th is a day of celebration and reflection for many people around the world, whether it is for religious, historical, or cultural reasons.中文回答：8月15日是世界许多文化中的一个特殊日子，人们会通过各种节日和风俗来庆祝。
明天是8月15日英语作文
明天是8月15日英语作文Title: Commemorating August 15th。
August 15th holds significant historical and cultural importance for various nations across the globe. From celebrating independence to remembering pivotal events,this date resonates with narratives of freedom, resilience, and progress. In this essay, we delve into the diverse commemorations of August 15th and reflect on their enduring significance.Firstly, August 15th marks Independence Day for several countries, including India and South Korea. In India, this day commemorates the nation's liberation from British colonial rule in 1947. It symbolizes the culmination of a long and arduous struggle for self-determination, led by iconic figures such as Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. Independence Day in India is celebrated with patriotic fervor, featuring flag hoisting ceremonies, cultural performances, and reflections on the country's journeytowards sovereignty and democracy.Similarly, in South Korea, August 15th, known as Gwangbokjeol, signifies the end of Japanese occupation in 1945. It marks the restoration of Korean independence after years of oppression and resistance. Gwangbokjeolcelebrations include military parades, fireworks displays, and tributes to freedom fighters who sacrificed for the nation's liberty. The day serves as a reminder of the Korean people's resilience and their commitment to preserving their cultural identity in the face of adversity.Beyond independence movements, August 15th holds significance in the context of World War II. On this day in 1945, Japan announced its surrender to the Allied powers, effectively ending the war in the Pacific. The surrender, formalized aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, brought an end to years of global conflict and ushered in a new era of peace and reconstruction. August 15th, therefore, is a dayof remembrance for the millions who lost their lives during the war, as well as a celebration of the triumph of peace over conflict.Moreover, August 15th is associated with cultural and religious observances in various parts of the world. In the Catholic tradition, it marks the Feast of the Assumption, commemorating the Virgin Mary's ascent into heaven. For believers, it is a time of prayer, reflection, andspiritual renewal. In addition, in certain Asian cultures, August 15th coincides with the Mid-Autumn Festival, a harvest celebration marked by family gatherings, lantern displays, and the sharing of mooncakes. This festival highlights themes of reunion, gratitude, and the cyclical nature of life.In conclusion, August 15th serves as a multifaceted commemoration, embodying themes of independence, peace, remembrance, and cultural heritage. Whether it's the jubilant festivities of Independence Day, the solemn reflections on wartime sacrifices, or the joyous gatherings of religious and cultural observances, this date resonates with diverse narratives of resilience and progress. As we honor August 15th each year, we reaffirm our commitment tothe values of freedom, peace, and unity that unite humanity across borders and generations.。
bbc听力原文
HW Mar 13BBC News with David AustinThe White House says the killing of 16 Afghans by an American soldier on Sunday won't change its strategy or objectives in the country. It said the plan was still for Afghans to take over security operations by 2014. The Afghan parliament has demanded to put the suspect on trial in an Afghan court. From Kabul, here's Quentin Sommerville.Identity of the gunman still hasn't been revealed, but more is known: he's in his late 30s, and has children of his own. A staff sergeant, he's been in the army 11 years. This is his first tour of Afghanistan, but he served three tours in Iraq. The Pentagon insists he acted alone. Fully armed, he was wearing night vision goggles as he carried out the killings. He was working with special forces in the area, protecting their combat outpost – that, said one officer, would have allowed him to come and go as he pleased. But his motivation for the attacks remains a mystery.The American Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has told United Nations Security Council foreign ministers gather to discuss Syria that the council shouldn't remain silent when governments massacre their own people. Mrs Clinton accused the Syrian forces of premeditated murder, and urged the council to stand up for the Syrian people."The Syrian people deserve the same opportunity to shape their future that the Tunisians, Egyptians, Libyans and Yemenis now enjoy. And our work here at the Security Council is just one part of what the international community must do to assist democratic transitions all across the Middle East and North Africa."Earlier, opposition activists in Syria accused the government of President Bashar al-Assad of slaughtering women and children in Homs and other cities. The opposition Syrian National Council called for urgent foreign military intervention in Syria. SNC representatives are due to meet the international envoy to Syria Kofi Annan in Turkey on Tuesday.Hundreds of mourners have paid their respects to one of the world's most celebrated war correspondents, Marie Colvin. She was killed last month in the Syrian city of Homs. The funeral was held in her hometown of Oyster Bay in New York state. The eulogy paid tribute to a fearless woman who had a passion for her work. Marie Colvin was covering the uprising in Syria for the British Sunday Times newspaper when the house she and other journalists were reporting from was shelled by Syrian government forces. A French photo journalist Remi Ochlik was also killed in the attack.The authorities in South Sudan say that more than 200 people are now known to have been killed in an outbreak of ethnic violence. Hundreds more are missing after attackers from the Murle ethnic group carried out raids in Upper Nile state on Friday. Violence sparked by cattle raids and revenge attacks between the Murle and the Lou Nuer peoples have left thousands dead since South Sudan became independent last July.World News from the BBCThe head of Brazil's football federation, Ricardo Teixeira, has stepped down. He also resigned from the 2014 World Cup organizing committee amid corruption allegations which he's denied. Here's Alex Capstick.Ricardo Teixeira has been at the helm of Brazilian football, the CBF for the past 23 years. But his stint in charge of the most successful nation in World Cup history has often been contentious. Over the past few years, he's been forced to defend himself amid allegations of corruption both in his role as president of the CBF and as a senior member of FIFA's ruling executive committee. In a parting statement, Mr Teixeira said he's sacrificed his health to do his job; he said he'd been criticized in the losses and undervalued in the victories.The European Union has insisted it'll press ahead with plans to charge foreign airlines for the carbon emissions they produce during European flights. Nine of Europe's leading aviation groups have written a joint letter calling for a compromise to avert what they say would be a "damaging trade conflict".The controversial art historian Maurizio Seracini says he's on the trail of lost masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci, The Battle of Anghiari. Professor Seracini says samples from a hidden wall in the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence contain traces of paint that was only used by the Renaissance master. The work is hidden behind another masterpiece of the period by Giorgio Vasari. The discovery has been hailed by Terry Garcia of the US National Geographic Society which sponsored the research."I'm quite convinced that something has been found. Yes, it is a very historic day. And, you know, I mean, this is a combination of a number of factors – one as Dr Seracini pointed out, there is overwhelming historical documentation that indicates that the Leonardo was painted, that it was behind the wall and that it was an existence of the time that Vasari painted his fresco."And those are the latest stories from BBC News.。
十分钟英语史BBC新闻文本
【The History of English in Ten Minutes】No.1 Anglo-SaxonThe History of English in Ten Minutes. Chapter 1. Anglo-Saxon or whatever happen to the Jutes.The English language begins with the phrase ‘Up Yours Caesar!’ as the Romans leave Britain and a lot of Germanic tribes start flooding in, tribes such as the Angles and the Saxons – who together gave us the term Anglo-Saxon, and the Jutes – who didn’t.The Romans left some very straight roads behind, but not much of their Latin language. The Anglo-Saxon vocab was much more useful as it was mainly words for simple everyday things like ‘house’, ‘woman’, ‘loaf’ and ‘werewolf’.Four of our days of the week - Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday were named in honour of Anglo-Saxon gods, but they didn’t bother with Saturday, Sunday and Monday as they had all gone off for a long weekend.While they were away, Christian missionaries stole in bringing with them leaflets about jumble sales and more Latin. Christianity was a hit with the locals and made t hem much happier to take on funky new words like ‘martyr’, ‘bishop’ and ‘font’.Along came the Vikings, with their action-man words like ‘drag’, ‘ransack’, ‘thrust’ and ‘die’, and a love of pickled herring. They may have raped and pillaged but there were also into ‘give’ and ‘take’ –two of around 2000 words that they gave English, as well as the phrase ‘watch out for that man with the enormous axe.’【The History of English in Ten Minutes】No.2 The Norman ConquestThe History of English in Ten Minutes. Chapter Two, The Norman Conquest or Excuse My English.1066. True to his name, William the Conqueror invades England, bringing new concepts from across the channel, like the French language, the Doomsday Book andthe duty-free Galois's multipack.French was "de rigueur" for all official business, with words like "judge", "jury", "evidence" and "justice" coming in and giving John Grisham's career a kick-start. Latin was still used "ad nauseam" in church, but the common man spoke English, able to communicate only by speaking more slowly and loudly until the others understood him. Words like "cow", "sheep" and "swine" come from the English-speaking farmers. While the "a la carte" versions "beef", "mutton" and "pork" come from the French-speaking toffs, beginning a long-running trend of restaurants having completely indecipherable menus.All in all, the English absorbed about 10,000 new words from the Normans, though they still couldn't grasp the rules of cheek kissing. The "bon-ami" all ended when the English nation took their new warlike lingo of "armies", "navies" and "soldiers" and began the Hundred Years' War against France. It actually lasted 116 years but by that point, no one could count any higher in French and English took over as the language of power.【The History of English in Ten Minutes】No.3 Shakespeare The history of English in ten minutes. Chapter three, Shakespeare, or a plaque on both his houses.As the dictionary tells us about 2,000 new words and phrases were invented by William Shakespeare.He gave us handy words like eyeball, puppydog and anchovy and more show-offy words like dauntless, besmirch and lacklustre. He came up with the word alligator soon after he ran out of the things to rhyme with crocodile. And the nation of tea drinkers finally took into their hearts when he invented the hob-nob.Shakespeare knew the power of catchphrases as well as biscuits. Without him, we would never eat our flesh and blood out of house and home. We would have to say good riddance to the green-eyed monster and breaking the ice would be as dead as a doornail.If you tried to get your money's worth, you'd be given short shrift and anyone who laid it on with a trowel could be hoised with his own petard. Of course it's possible other people used these words first. But the dictionary writers like looking them up in Shakespeare because there was more cross dressing and people poking each other's eyes out.Shakespeare's poetry showed the world that English was a rich vibrant language with limitless expressive and emotional power and he still had time to open all those tea rooms in Stratford.【The History of English in Ten Minutes】No.4 The King James BibleThe History of English in Ten Minutes. Chapter four. The King James Bible or light there be.I n 1611 ‘the powers that be’ ‘turned the world upside down’ with a ‘labour of love’ –a new translation of the bible. A team of scribes with the ‘wisdom of Solomon’ - ‘went the extra mile’ to make King James’s translation ‘all things to all men’, whether fr om their ‘heart’s desire’ ‘to fight the good fight’ or just for the ‘filthy lucre’.This sexy new Bible went ‘from strength to strength’, getting to ‘the root of the matter’ in a language even ‘the salt of the earth’ could understand. ‘The writing wasn’t on the wall’, it was in handy little books and with ‘fire and brimstone’ preachers reading from it in every church, its words and phrases ‘took root’ ‘to the ends of the earth’ – well at least the ends of Britain.The King James Bible is the book that taught us that ‘a leopard can’t change its spots’, that ‘a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush’, that ‘a wolf in sheep’s clothing’ is harder to spot than you would imagine, and how annoying it is to have ‘a fly in your ointment’.In fact, just as ‘Jonathan begat Meribbaal; and Meribbaal begat Micah. And Micah begat Pithon’, the King James Bible begat a whole glossary of metaphor andmorality that still shapes the way English is spoken today. Amen.【English in Ten Minutes】No.5 ScienceThe History of English in Ten Minutes. Chapter five. The English of Science or how to speak with gravity.Before the 17th Century scientists weren’t really recognised – possibly because lab-coats had yet to catch on.But suddenly Britain was full of physicists –there was Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle –and even some people not called Robert, like Isaac Newton. The Royal Society was formed out of the Invisible College – after they put it down somewhere and couldn’t find it again.At first they worked in Latin. Afte r sitting through Newton’s story about the ‘pomum’ falling to the ‘terra’ from the ‘arbor’ for the umpteenth time, the bright sparks realised they all spoke English and could transform our understanding of the universe much quicker by talking in their own language.But science was discovering things faster than they could name them. Words like ‘acid’, ‘gravity’, ‘electricity and ‘pendulum’ had to be invented just to stop their meetings turning into an endless game of charades.Like teenage boys, the scientists suddenly became aware of the human body –coining new words like ‘cardiac’ and ‘tonsil’, ‘ovary’, and ‘sternum’ - and the invention of ‘penis’ (1693), ‘vagina’ (1682) made sex education classes a bit easier to follow. Though and ‘clitoris’ was stil l a source of confusion.【The History of English in Ten Minutes】No.6 English and Empire The History of English in Ten Minutes. Chapter six. English and Empire or thesun never set on the English language.With English making its name as the language of science, the Bible and Shakespeare, Britain decided to take it on tour.Asking only for land, wealth, natural resources, total obedience to the crown and a few local words in return.They went to the Caribbean looking for gold and a chance to really unwind –discovering the ‘barbeque’, the ‘canoe’ and a pretty good recipe for rum punch. They also brought back the word ‘cannibal’ to make their trip sound more exciting.In India there was something for everyone. ‘Yoga’ – to help you stay in shape, while pretending to be spiritual. If that didn’t work there was the ‘cummerbund’ to hide a paunch and - if you couldn’t even make it up the stairs without turning ‘crimson’ –they had the ‘bungalow’.Meanwhile in Africa they picked up words like ‘voodoo’and ‘zombie’ – kicking off the teen horror film –and even more terrifying, they brought home the world’s two most annoying musical instruments –the ‘bongo’ and the ‘banjo’.From Australia, English took the words ‘nugget’, ‘boomerang’ and ‘walkabout’ - and in fact the whole concept of chain pubs.Between toppling Napoleon (1815) and the first World War (1914), the British Empire gobbled up around 10 millions square miles, 400 million people and nearly a hundred thousand gin and tonics, leaving new varieties of English to develop all over the globe.【English in Ten Minutes】No.7 The age of dictionary or the definition of a hopeless task.With English expanding in all directions came a new breed of man calledlexicographers, who wanted to put an end to this anarchy a word they defined as what happens when people spell words slightly differently from each other.One of the greatest was doctor Johnson, whose Dictionary of English Language which took him 9 years to write. It was 18 inches tall and contained 42,773 entries meaning that even if you couldn’t read it’s still pretty useful if you want to reach a high shelf. For the first time when people were calling you a “pickle herring”, ”a jobbernowl ” or a “fopdoodle” you could understand exactly what they m eant and you’d have the standard spelling. Try as he might to stop them, words kept being invented and in 1857 a new book was started which would become the Oxford English dictionary.It took another 70 years to be finished after the first editor resigned to be an archbishop, The second died of TB and the third was so boring that half his volunteers quit and one of them ended up in an Asylum. It eventually appeared in 1928 and has continued to be revised ever since proving the whole idea that you can stop people making up word is complete snuffbumble【English in Ten Minutes】No.8 American English or not English but somewhere in the ballparkFrom the morning Brits landed in Amerian they needed names for all the plants and animals,so they borrowed words like”raccoon””squash”and “moose”from the Native Americans,as well as most of their territoty.Waves of immigrants fed American’s hunger for words.The Dutch came sharing “coleslaw”and “cookies”,probably as a result of their relaxed attitude to ter, the Germans arrived selling”pretzels”from”delicatessens”and the Italians arrived with their pizza,their “pasta”and their “mafie”just like mamma used to make.Amercian spread a new language of capitalism getting everyone worried about the “breakeven”and”he botton line “,and whether they were”bule chip ”or"white coller".The commuter needed a whole newsystem of “freeway”.”subway”and”parking lot”and quickly,before words like”merger”and “downsizing”could be invented.American English drafted back across the pond as Brits got the hang of their “cool movies”and their groovy “jazz”,There were even some old forgotten English words lived on in American.So they carried on using “fall’’faucets diapers and “candy’,while the Brites moved on to”autumn taps nappies”and NHS dental care.【English in Ten Minutes】No.9 Internet English Or language reverts to typeIn 1942 ,the first e-mail was sent.Soon the Internet arrived a free global space to share information,ideas,and amusing pictures of cats. Before then English changed through people speaking it but the net brought typing back into fashion and hundreds of cases of repetitive strain syndrome.Nobody had ever had to “download”anything before .let alone use a “toolbar”.And the only time someone set up a “firewall”,it ended with a massive insurance claim and a huge piles of charred wallpaper. Coversations were getting shorter than the average attention span why bother writing a sentence when an abbreviation would do and leave you more time to “blog””poke ”and”reboot”when your “hard drive”crashed?”In my humble opinion”became”IMHO”,”By the way”became “BTW”and if we’re honest that life-threatening accident was pretty hilarious simply became”fail”Some changes even passed into spoken English.For your information people frequently ask question like”how can LOL mean laugh out loud”and “lots of love”?But if you’regoing to complain about that then UG2BK.【English in Ten Minutes】No.10 Global English Or whose language is it anywayIn the1500 years since the Romans’left Britain,English had shown an unique ability to absord,evolve,invade and ,if we’re honest,steal.After foreign settlers got itstarted,it grew into a fully-fledged languge all of its own,before leaving home and travelling the world,first via the high seas,then via the high speed broadband connection,pilfering words from over 350 languages and establishing itself as a global institution.All this despite a written alphabet that bears no correlation to how it sounds and a system of spelling that even Dan Brown couldn’t decipher.Right now around 1.5 billion people now speak English.Of these about a quarter are native speakers,a quarter speak it as their second language,and half are able to ask for directions to a swimming pool .Modern hybrids of English have really caught on.There’s a Hinlish which is Hindi-English,Chinglish which is Chinese-Englishs and Singlish which is Singaporean English and not that bit when they speak in musicals.So in conclusion,the language has got so little to do with England these days it may well be time to stop calling it”English”.But if someone does think of a new name for it , it probably be in Chinese.。
bbc mid autumn festival 文本
bbc mid autumn festival 文本BBC Mid-Autumn FestivalThe Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon Festival, is a traditional festival celebrated by many East Asian cultures. It is held on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar when the moon is believed to be at its fullest and brightest. The festival is deeply rooted in Chinese culture and has been celebrated for over 3,000 years.The Mid-Autumn Festival has a rich history and is associated with many legends and customs. One of the most famous stories is the tale of Chang'e, the Moon Goddess. According to legend, Chang'e swallowed the elixir of immortality and flew to the moon, where she has been living ever since. On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, it is believed that Chang'e can be seen dancing on the moon's surface.Another important legend is that of Houyi, a legendary archer who shot down nine of the ten suns that were scorching the earth. As a reward, he was given an elixir of immortality, but decided not to take it. His wife, Chang'e, drank it instead and flew to the moon. In honor of Houyi's bravery, people started to offer sacrifices to the moon and celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival.One of the most distinctive features of the Mid-Autumn Festival is the mooncakes. Mooncakes are round pastries filled with various ingredients such as lotus seed paste, red bean paste, or salted egg yolk. They are meant to symbolize the full moon and are often given as gifts to friends and family. Mooncakes come in a wide variety of flavors and styles, with each region having its own unique recipes.In addition to mooncakes, lanterns are another integral part of theMid-Autumn Festival. Traditional lanterns were made of paper and shaped like animals or objects. However, modern lanterns are often made of plastic and come in a variety of shapes and sizes. The lanterns are lit and displayed in parks, streets, and homes to create a festive atmosphere. The glow from the lanterns is believed to guide Chang'e back to earth for a visit during the Mid-Autumn Festival.The Mid-Autumn Festival is not only a time for family gatherings but also for appreciating nature and the beauty of the moon. Many people spend the evening moon-gazing and enjoying the cool autumn breeze. It is also a time for children to play with lanterns and participate in traditional games such as lantern riddles.In recent years, the Mid-Autumn Festival has gained popularity worldwide, with celebrations being held in various countries. The festival is seen as an opportunity to promote cultural exchange and understanding. In multicultural cities like London, the festival is often celebrated with community events, performances, and food stalls offering mooncakes and other traditional treats.However, like many festivals around the world, the Mid-Autumn Festival has faced challenges in recent times. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way the festival is celebrated, with large-scale gatherings and events being restricted. Despite this, people have found creative ways to adapt and continue the tradition. Virtual celebrations and online activities have allowed people to come together in spirit and celebrate the festival while ensuring everyone's safety.In conclusion, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a significant cultural event celebrated by many East Asian cultures, particularly in China. It is a time for family reunions, moon-gazing, and appreciating the beauty of nature. The festival's rich history, legends, and customs make it a unique and cherished event. Whether celebrated traditionally or in a modern setting, the Mid-Autumn Festival continues to bring people together andpromote cultural heritage and understanding.。
英语听力BBC原文
[00:04.49]Egypt’s Supreme Election Commission says the new constitution has been approved by almost 64% of voters.埃及最高选举委员会称新宪法以近64%的支持率通过。
[00:12.41]Announcing the official results of the referendum, Judge Samir Abul al-Maati said the commission had investigated all the complaints of irregularities.Bethany Bell is in Cairo.Judge Samir Abul al-Maati宣布了公投的官方结果，称委员会已调查有关违规行为的诉讼。
Bethany Bell在开罗报道。
[00:23.54]Almost two years after the fall of Egypt’s authoritarian leader Hosni Mubarak, Egypt has a new constitution.就在埃及独裁统治者侯赛尼·穆巴拉克倒台两年后，埃及终于有了一部新宪法。
[00:30.79]It’s a victory for President Mohammed Morsi and his Islamist supporters. He says it will bring stability to the country.这对总统穆罕默德·穆尔西及其支持者来说是场胜利，他说新宪法将给埃及带来稳定，[00:38.76]It paves the way for parliamentary elections in the next two months. 并为两个月后的议会选举铺平道路。
中秋节英语演讲稿 八月十五英语演讲稿
中秋节英语演讲稿八月十五英语演讲稿中秋节英语演讲稿八月十五英语演讲稿篇一the mid-autumn festival has all interesting history. long ago in one of the dynasties of china there was a king who was very cruel to the people and did not manage the country well. the people were so angry that some brave ones suggested killing the king. so they wrote notes telling about the meeting place and time and put them into cakes. on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month every person was told to buy the cakes. when they ate them they discovered the notes. so they gathered together to make a sudden attack on the king. from then on the chinese people celebrate on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month and eat moon cakes in memory of that important event. when the mid-autumn festival is near, shop windows arebeautifully decorated. many moon cakes are displayed for people to buy. people send presents such aswine, fruits and moon cakes to their friends and relatives. in the evening of the day, they have a feast. after the feast, they go out to the garden to look at the moon. the children run and laugh on the streets.it is believed that the moon is at her brightest on this night. many poems have been written about it, and poets are never tired of reading andwriting such poems. in chinese literature, the moon of the mid autumn festival has been compared to a looking-glass, a jaderabbit, and so on. it seems that chinese literature takes far more interest in the moon than in the sun.中秋节英语演讲稿八月十五英语演讲稿篇二The August Moon Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival (Chinese characters above) is one of the traditional Chinese holidays. It is held on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. Chinese legends say that the moon is at its brightest and roundest on this day. Based on the Gregorian calendar, this year s August Moon Festival will be held on September 8.The August Moon Festival is often called the Women s Festival. The moon (Chinese character on right) symbolizes elegance and beauty. While Westerners worship the sun (yang or male) for its power, people in the Far East admire the moon. The moon is the yin or female principle and it is a trusted friend. Chinese parents often name their daughters after the moon, in hope that they will be as lovely as the moon.中秋节英语演讲稿八月十五英语演讲稿篇三In fact, many ancient August Moon folktales are about a moon maiden. On the 15th night of the 8th lunar moon, little children on earth can see a lady on the moon.The story about the lady took place around 2170 B.C. At that time, the earth had ten suns circling it, each taking its turn to illuminate to the earth. But one day all ten suns appeared together, scorching the earth with their heat. The earth was saved by a strong andtyrannical archer named Hou Yi. He succeeded in shooting down nine of the suns. One day, Hou Yi stole the elixir of life from a goddess. However, his beautiful wife Chang E drank the elixir of life in order to save the people from her husband s tyrannical rule. After drinking it, she found herself floating and flew all the way to the moon. Hou Yi loved his divinely beautiful wife so much, he refused to shoot down the moon.People believed that the lady was a god who lived in the moon that made the moon shine. Girls who wanted to be a beauty and have a handsome husband should worship the moon. And on this magical occasion, children who make wishes to the Lady on the Moon will find their dreams come true.中秋节英语演讲稿八月十五英语演讲稿篇四The Mid-Autumn FestivalThe Mid-Autumn is a very important Chinese festival. It falls on the 15th day of August. A few days before the festival, everyone in the family will help to make the house clean and beautiful. Lanterns will be hung in front of the house.On the evening there will be a big family dinner. People who work far away from their homes will try to come back for the union. After dinner, people will light the lanterns which are usually red and round. Children will play with their own toy lanterns happily.At night the moon is usually round and bright. People can enjoy the moon while eating moon-cakes which are the special food for this festival. They can look back on the past and look forward to the future together. It is said that there was a dragon in the sky. The dragon wanted to swallow up the moon. To protect the frighten the dragon away.中秋节英语演讲稿八月十五英语演讲稿篇五the mid-autumn festival has all interesting history. long ago in one of the dynasties of china there was a king who was very cruel to the people and did not manage the country well. the people were so angry that some brave ones suggested killing the king. so they wrote notes telling aboutthe meeting place and time and put them into cakes. on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month every person was told to buy the cakes. when they ate them they discovered the notes. so they gathered together to make a sudden attack on the king. from then on the chinese people celebrate on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month and eat moon cakes in memory of that important event.when the mid-autumn festival is near, shop windows are beautifully decorated. many moon cakes are displayed for people to buy. people send presents such aswine, fruits and moon cakes to their friends and relatives. in the evening of the day, they have a feast. after the feast, they go out to the garden to look at the moon. the children run and laugh on the streets.it is believed that the moon is at her brightest on this night. many poems have been written about it, and poets are never tired of reading and writing such poems. in chinese literature, the moon of the mid autumn festival has been compared to a looking-glass, a jade rabbit, and so on. it seems that chinese literature takes far more interest in the moon than in the sun.。
BBC英语新闻2014
BBC英语新闻2010-10-12BBC News with David LeggeThe commander of United States and Nato forces in Afghanistan, General David Petraeus, has ordered an investigation into the death of a kidnapped British aid worker killed during a rescue attempt on Friday. His announcement comes after the US military revealed that the aid worker Linda Norgrove may have been killed by a grenade thrown by American troops trying to rescue her. From Kabul, Nicholas Witchell has this report.For 48 hours over the weekend, officials here had spoken about an explosion initiated by one of the extremists, possibly from a suicide bomb vest. Quite why it took the Americans so long to verify the accuracy of the picture they were giving isn't clear, but this morning they suddenly disclosed that surveillance footage together with discussions with members of the team meant that they could not now conclusively determine the cause of Ms Norgrove's death. There will now be a joint investigation by the American and British military, which is likely to take several days.In Chile, the first test has been carried out of the narrow steel capsule that will be used to try to rescue 33 miners who have been trapped underground for the past two months. Caroline Hawley is at the mine in San Jose.Preparations are now moving ahead swiftly for the operation to winch the miners out of what they described as their underground hell. Not only is the escape shaft ready, but the special capsule that was sent down to rescue the men has beentested to a depth of 610 metres, and the Mining Minister Laurence Golborne says all went well. The miners will be taken off solid food ready for their ascent and given only specially-enriched drinks. This extraordinary rescue mission is now due to begin by early Wednesday morning.Palestinian officials have rejected an offer by the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to halt Jewish settlement activity if the Palestinians were to recognise Israel as a Jewish state. A Palestinian official said the offer was beside the point. Wyre Davies reports from Jerusalem.The Palestinian response was swift and unequivocal, dismissing Mr Netanyahu's suggestion out of hand. A senior negotiator said the Palestinians had long ago recognised the state of Israel, and the real issue threatening the talks was illegal Jewish settlements on Palestinian land. The demand that Israel should be recognised explicitly as a Jewish state has long been rejected by the Palestinians, who say it discriminates against 20% of the Israeli population which is not Jewish. The world's first official trial using human embryonic stem cells for clinical treatment has begun in the United States. Doctors at a hospital in the city of Atlanta say they have their first patient for the study which will involve the use of stem cells to treat severe spinal injuries. Opponents of the method which involves taking stem cells from human embryos argue that human embryos are destined for destruction as a result. The US government is currently fighting a legal battle to allow federal funding for stem cell research.This is the latest World News from the BBC.Eight policemen have been killed in an attack on a police checkpoint in Mexico. At least one other officer was injured. The killings took place in the northwestern state of Sinaloa, home to one of Mexico's powerful drugs cartels.Medical workers in the city of Aden (say southern Yemen) say two explosions of there have killed at least one person and injured eight others. The blasts within minutes of each other struck a residential area of Aden, near the grounds of a local football team.Police in Hungary have arrested the managing director of the aluminium plant at the centre of a massive chemical spillage which has devastated several towns and villages in the west of the country. The Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban announced the arrest and said that the company would be temporarily nationalised, and those responsible should bear the financial consequences. A government spokesman, Anna Nagy, explained why such tough action was being taken."This is a human fault; this is a human mistake. It was not a natural catastrophe, and the people who operated the plant need to be responsible for what happened." Rescuers have found the body of the last person still missing, taking the total number killed to eight.Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei has intervened in a long-running battle for control of Iran's biggest university, paving the way for it to be taken over by the government. Ayatollah Khamenei ruled that the endowment of Azad University in Tehran, which has 1.5 million students and tens of millions of dollars in assets, was religiously illegitimate. Until now, the university has been a centre of support forthe former President Ali Akbar Rafsanjani, one of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's main rivals.One of the greatest opera singers of the modern era, Joan Sutherland, has died. She was 83. Her family said her death at her home near Geneva followed a long illness. She was made a Dame in 1979, but to opera enthusiasts she was known simply as La Stupenda.。
BBC news 20140910
BBC news 2014-09-10---------BBC News with Julie Candler.President Obama has said he'll present a much anticipated strategy next Wednesday to defeat the Islamic State group. In an interview on US television Mr Obama said it would be a political, economic and military strategy."More than that, I just want the American people to understand the nature of the threat and how we are going to deal with it, and to have confidence that we'll be able to deal with it. We have not seen any immediate intelligence about threats to the homeland from ISIL. That's not what this is about. What it's about is an organisation that, if allowed to control significant amounts of territory, to amass more resources, more arms to attract more foreign fighters, including from areas like Europe, who have visas and then can travel to the United States unimpeded, that over time that can be a serious threat to the homeland."More details have emerged about US air strikes in western Iraq targeting Islamic State militants. The US military says a mix of attack, bomber and fighter aircraft carried out five raids in support of Iraqi security forces and Sunni tribes protecting the Haditha Dam, a major source of power in Iraq. It said a number of armoured vehicles, some carrying anti-aircraft artillery, were destroyed. The US said all the aircraft involved left the area safely.Arab League foreign ministers meeting in Cairo have agreed to take all necessary measures to confront Islamic State and cooperate with international, regional and national efforts to combat the militants. Our Arab affairs editor Sebastian Usher has this report.The message from the Arab League meeting in Cairo is one that will hearten President Obama as he prepares to set out his strategy to counter Islamic State to the American people. The Arab ministers' endorsement of the UN Security Council resolution urging member states to stem the flows of support to the extremists will also be welcome. Funds from private Gulf citizens have helped fuel the group. But this kind of rhetoric has already been heard from Arab states along with strong new measures to tackle the threat. The question is whether they'll now fully act on them and act in unison.President Obama has said the US could deploy its military assets to help combat the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. He said a short-term investment was necessary to prevent Ebola spreading throughout and beyond Africa, potentially threatening America.Medical experts in the region have warned the outbreak, the worst to date, was spiraling out of control and could take months to contain. This report from Thomas Fessy in Dakar in Senegal.President Obama didn't give any more details or time frame for a potential deployment, but there is no doubt that it would be welcomed with relief if such a plan came to pass. He said the US would have to use the military to set up equipment and isolation units. These assets would also be used to provide security for public health workers coming in from around the world.World News from the BBC.European observers from the OSCE in Donetsk in eastern Ukraine say Sunday's exchanges of mortar fire between government forces and pro-Russia rebels are violations of the ceasefire agreement, but not serious enough to make the deal collapse. The head of the OSCE mission on the Russian side of the border said that more people have been crossing back into Ukraine since the ceasefire was signed on Friday. Paul Picard said that the traffic into Ukraine increased significantly on Saturday.Lesotho's army commander said efforts to negotiate with the renegade general have failed. A military action against him is the only operation. General TlaliKamoli is accused of masterminding a failed coup in the kingdom last week. He is now believed to have fled to the mountains with a few loyal elite special forces armed with weapons stolen from the barracks.Seven men have been sentenced to death after the gang rape of four women outside the Afghan capital Kabul last month. The women were taken from their husbands, robbed and assaulted as they returned from a wedding party. There have been protests insisting that the men be publicly hanged. This woman expressed the protesters' mood."We want the perpetrators to be punished because if this act goes unpunished like a number of other acts, then it will only keep continuing. And as a result the women of Afghanistan in particular will continue to be the victims. Here in Afghanistan,it is an Islamic society; and if a woman committed this kind of crime, then she would be stoned. So what we want, without any further delay of their cases, there should be their public execution."The crew of an Italian frigate which rescued a heavily pregnant would-be migrant from the Mediterranean Sea have delivered her baby girl on board the ship. The woman from Gambia was among a group of more than 600 people who were picked up over the weekend off the coast of Sicily when theover-crowded boat got into difficulty.BBC News.词汇解释1.present vt.提出2.amass vt.积累，积聚Mr. Smith's business was very successful, and he was able to amass a fortune.史密斯先生的事业极为成功，所以他积聚了一大笔财富。
bbc六分钟英语 2015年合集
bbc六分钟英语 2015年合集
English: In 2015, the BBC 6 Minute English covered a wide range of topics from technology and science to social issues and current events. Some of the notable topics included the rise of artificial intelligence, the impact of climate change, the refugee crisis, and the influence of social media. The program also highlighted the importance of learning a second language, the benefits of being a morning person, and the debate over the use of drones.
中文翻译: 2015年，BBC 6分钟英语涵盖了从科技和科学到社会问题和当前事件的广泛主题。
一些显著的话题包括人工智能的崛起，气候变化的影响，难民危机以及社交媒体的影响。
该节目还强调了学习第二语言的重要性，早起的好处以及无人机的使用问题的辩论。
bbc纪录片文明中文文稿
bbc纪录片文明中文文稿第一集《文明的诞生》主要介绍了早期人类的文明起源。
通过考古学家的发现和研究，我们了解到最早的文明出现在亚洲、非洲和中东地区。
在这些地区，人类开始建立城市、农业和政治组织。
这些早期文明的出现改变了人类社会的面貌，为后来的文明发展奠定了基础。
第二集《科学的财富》主要讲述了科学在文明发展中的重要作用。
从古希腊的哲学思想到伊斯兰世界的科学繁荣，再到文艺复兴时期的科学革命，科学的进步推动了人类文明的发展。
本集还介绍了一些重要的科学家和他们的贡献，如伽利略、牛顿和达尔文等。
第三集《艺术的奇迹》探讨了艺术在文明中的重要地位。
从古埃及的壁画到文艺复兴时期的绘画和雕塑，艺术作品反映了不同文明的审美观和价值观。
本集还介绍了一些著名的艺术家和他们的作品，如达芬奇、米开朗基罗和梵高等。
第四集《天堂和地狱》讲述了宗教在文明发展中的影响。
不同的宗教信仰塑造了人们的价值观和行为准则，从而影响了整个社会的运作。
本集介绍了一些主要宗教，如佛教、基督教和伊斯兰教，并探讨了宗教与政治、科学等领域的关系。
第五集《贸易的力量》探讨了贸易在文明发展中的重要作用。
通过贸易，不同文明之间的交流和合作得以实现。
本集介绍了一些重要的贸易路线和贸易中心，如丝绸之路和威尼斯。
贸易的发展促进了经济繁荣和文化交流，推动了文明的进步。
第六集《新的世界》讲述了欧洲探险家的发现和殖民地的建立。
欧洲人的探险活动扩大了人类对世界的认知，并开辟了新的贸易路线。
然而，殖民地的建立也带来了剥削和不平等，引发了不同地区之间的冲突和对抗。
第七集《工业的力量》主要介绍了工业革命对文明发展的影响。
工业革命的到来带来了机械化生产和大规模工厂的出现，推动了经济的飞速发展。
然而，工业革命也带来了环境污染和劳工问题，对人类社会产生了深远的影响。
第八集《自由的梦想》探讨了民主和人权在文明发展中的重要地位。
从美国独立战争到法国大革命，人类社会逐渐向着更加自由和平等的方向发展。
BBC news 2014 段 1
BBC news 2014-05-05--------- BBC News with Julie CandlerThe United States says the release of international observers abducted by pro-Russian militants in Ukraine is a step in the right direction, but that the Kremlin needs to do much more to deescalate the situation. Secretary of State John Kerry said Moscow should now withdraw its support for the militants and help remove them from the official buildings they occupy. The observers who've now arrived safely in Berlin were freed less than a day after a Russian envoy Vladimir Lukin arrived in Slaviansk where they have been detained more than a week. After their release, Mr. Lukin said he expected reciprocal actions.They were not in exchange for anyone else. This is a voluntary act and I would very much like to believe that this voluntary and noble act will be followed by reciprocal voluntary, noble actions from those of the other side of this confrontation. I would very much like military actions to end.Fighting has been intensifying in eastern Ukraine, there have been more clashes between Ukrainian forces and pro-Russian militants in and around the town of Kramatorsk, where at least two people are said to have been killed. The Ukrainian Interior Minister, Arsen Avakov, said troops had recaptured a security services building and a television tower. Elsewhere, pro-Russian militants have reported to attack an army recruitment center in Luhansk wounding two Ukrainian soldiers.Security officials in Kenya say at least three people have been killed in two explosions in the city of Mombasa. There are reports a third device left in a cinema which failed to explode. Mohamud Ali from the BBC’s Somali Service reports.According to the police boss in Mombasa Robert Kitur, one person tried to get access to a bus in the evening, the explosives exploded killing three people in a busy market in the coastal town of Mombasa. There was also a simultaneous attack on a resort hotel that frequented at by tourists in N* beach, nobody was inside are killed in that blast and the police at the scene.Hundreds of illegal migrants have arrived in the northern Sudanese town of Dongola after being rescued from the dessert by the Sudanese army. Most are said to be Ethiopian and Eritrean while others are South Asian. Mary Harper reports.Six army trucks drove the migrants hundreds of kilometer through the Sahara desert to the town of Dongola. They were found earlier this week near the border with Libya, where they have been abandoned by traffickers. They lacked food and water and at least nine of them died. Every year, tens of thousands of migrants cross the Sahara trying to make their way to Europe. Many of them pay significant amounts to traffickers. Last year, dozens of migrants from Niger died from thirst in the desert after their vehicle broke down.World news from the BBC Afghan officials has said they've ended the search for more victims of a landslide in the northeastern province of Badakhshan, and the area will now stand a mass grave yard. One of the Afghanistan Vice Presidents visited the scene and said it was not possible to bring out any more bodies. David Loyn sent this report from valley.The ridden area desolated feel at the bottom of the valley where thousands of people are now buried under mud that is about 17 meters deep, the landscape has been altered a stream is rapidly threatening to flood remaining houses since this course have been dug up. Several government ministers came with Vice President to look at the devastation. Food and basic shelter including tents have arrived. International agencies drawing on stock stored in the northeast of Afghanistan, but there are not many survivors, not many people left alive from the house at the bottom of the valley.A panel advising Pope Francis has called for Roman Catholic bishops to be held accountable if they failed to report suspected sexual abuse or failed to protect children from pedophile priests. After holding its first meeting, the new Vatican advisory border said current Church laws were out of the date and it would develop clear and effective rules to deal with the problem.An Indian regional politician in the state of Uttar Pradesh has died of his injuries after been seized by a man who'd set himself blaze. The local leader of the Bahujan Samaj Party, Kamruzzama Fauji suffered the injures during a television debate early in the week, when a member of the audience doused himself in petrol, set himself alight and grabbed Mr. Fauji.Brazil's Football Association has banned matches in a stadium in the northeastern city of Recife after a man was killed by a toilet bowl hurled by rival fans. The clashes on a second division match on Friday night, led the authorities to closed down the Arruda stadium. Recife is hosting five World Cup matches but they will be played at the newly built Arena Pernambuco.BBC news 2014-05-07--------- Police in the Philippines have arrested 58 people involved in an Internet extortion network. They are accused of posting fake profiles to social network sites, luring mostly elderly men into exposing themselves in video chats which then filmed and used to blackmail them for money.Basically what's been going on here is that criminals have now taken advantage of technology and in particularly, social networking site where they are creating multiple fake profiles to befriend as many people as possible. And the aim was of this is to encourage the person that befriended into having sex over the Internet in front of the webcam and unknown to the person this is filmed and recorded it. And then she used a blackmail further on. Many of these firms are so well-organized like a traditional business with the staff that they have got. So they really are very well-organized. And it enables them to commit crime all over the world rather than traditionally where they may have been confined to their own country.And these are mostly men, it seems, to think they are striking up kind of interval relationship over the Internet with a woman. It turns out that they are not. What kind of money is extorted from them?It varies anything from a few hundred pounds through to few thousand dollars. And it'swhatever they think that they can afford. It's very similar and very specialized to some of the other form we've seen in particular countries, some countries where teams have got together and they are specialized in skimming cards. Others have specialized in other types of fraud. I guess it's possibly also the fact that Philippines does well in tourist from westernized countries to the Philippines.The US Secretary of States John Kerry says the South Sudan President Salva Kiir has agreed to peace talks aimed at ending the conflict there. Mr. Kerry was speaking after the talks with the president in the capital Juba.I've told President Kiir that the choices that both he and the opposition face are stark and clear and that the unspeakable human costs that we have seen over the course of last month and which could even grow if they fail to sit down are unacceptable to the global community.BBC news 2014-05-11--------- BBC News with Marion Marshall.Pro-Russian activists in eastern Ukraine have decided to go ahead with a referendum on self-determination on Sunday, ignoring a call from President Putin to postpone it. Steve Rosenberg reports from Moscow.“His proposal yesterday to postpone the referendum in eastern Ukraine appeared an admission that just wasn't practical to organize the plebiscite in the short time remaining, and that the Kremlin may be prepared now to come to terms with Kiev. Most analysts had expected the pro-Russia separatists to heed the president's call, they haven't. But Vladimir Putin could turn that to his advantage, citing it as a proof that Russia is not orchestrating events across the border as the West has claimed.Ukrainian government says the proposed vote is illegal and what it calls anti-terrorist operations in eastern Ukraine will continue. Ukrainian border agency says armed men in eastern Ukraine have attempted to seize control of a border post at Esvarino. The agency said about 40 armed men arrived in minivans at a crossing point in the Lugansk region onThursday evening, surrounding the post and calling on Ukrainian guards to lay down their weapons. A statement said the gunmen threw petrol bombs, but fled when the border guards opened fire. There has been no independent confirmation of the incident.The American Secretary of State, John Kerry has announced that an American specialist team is joining the hunt in Nigeria to locate and free more than 200 schoolgirls abducted by Islamist militants. Nigeria's president Goodluck Jonathan has acknowledged that the greatest threat facing his country is terrorism, but he insisted it could be neutralized with international help. Earlier, Mr. Kerry's predecessor, Hillary Clinton joined growing criticism of the Nigerian authorities, saying they had to perform better. The government of Nigeria needs to get serious about protecting all of its citizens, and insuring that every child has the right and opportunity to go to school in security and safety. That is a fundamental responsibility of any government. And Nigerians should hold their leaders accountable.The United States has for the first time imposed sanctions on a Russian bank active in Syria as part of efforts to step up economic pressure on the Syrian government. The move was announced as Syrian opposition leaders are on a visit to Washington to meet senior administration officials. Barbara Plett Usher reports.This is the first time America has sanctioned a Russian bank for its dealings with Damascus. The US Treasury Department said this build on existing efforts to choke off the Syrian government's access to the international financial system. New sanctions were also imposed on two Syrian state refineries and six senior officials. The announcement was made shortly before the head of the Syrian opposition Ahmad Al-Jarba met the US Secretary of State, John Kerry, he is on his first official visit to Washington during which he is also expected to see President Barack Obama.The Syrian government has retaken control of the old city of Homs, once known as the capital of the revolution after the evacuation of rebel troops. Hundreds of fighters and trapped civilians boarded buses to be taken to a rebel-held town north of the city to joinnearly 1,000 people who left on Wednesday.South Africa's governing ANC has won an emphatic victory in the country's general election, extending its 20 years in power. With most votes counted, the party has about 64%. Its closest rival, the Democratic Alliance has more than 22%, a marked improvement on its previous showing. Andrew Harding reports from Johannesburg.This election has proved to be about consolidation. The governing ANC has shaken off corruption scandals and an economic slump to hold on to almost 2/3 of all votes. It's likely to use that impressive mandate to try to drive through its national development plan, rejecting nationalization and emphasizing investment and infrastructure. The business friendly plan has alarmedSouth Africa's powerful unions, some of which may soon break away to form their own party.China has warned Vietnam to withdraw its ships from disputed waters after vessels from the two sides collided during a tense confrontation. A Foreign Ministry official in Beijing said Vietnam had deployed six vessels and accused it of intentionally ramming them into Chinese ships. The Chinese statement came after Vietnam itself accused China of amassing some 80 vessels, including warships in disputed waters. United States has appealed for calm.The Brazilian authorities say a worker has been killed in an electrical accident at one of the three football stadiums yet to be completed for the World Cup, which starts inJune. The 32-year-old man, who suffered a heart attack after an electric shock, was installing a telecommunications network at the stadium in Cuiaba. He is the eighth worker to die on World Cup building sites in Brazil.BBC news 2014-05-13--------- BBC News with Marion Marshall.The President of South Sudan Salva Kiir and the rebel leader Riek Machar have signed a deal in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa to cease hostilities within 24 hours. The talkswere the first time the 2 men had met since fighting broke out in South Sudan in December. Emmanuel Igunza has the details.This is a really huge step in such aim finding a solution to the political crisis and the bloody conflict that has engulfed South Sudan for the past 5 months. And this has been so important because they say there would be a next talk, both teams have been agreed to a ceasefire. They have also undertaken to issue orders to the military commanders on the ground in South Sudan to stop all combat and to allow humanitarian aid to get to those people, 3 million people in need of emergency food aid in South Sudan. So allowing that, food should get to them.The United States has sharply criticized President Putin's visit to Crimea, his first since Russia annexed the territory from Ukraine. The US State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki, said the trip would worsen the situation in Ukraine.Our view is that this trip is provocative and unnecessary. Crimea belongs to Ukraine, and we don't recognize, of course, the illegal and illegitimate steps by Russia in that regard.The European Union and Nato have also condemned Mr. Putin's visit. Ukraine's foreign ministry said Russia was deliberately escalating the crisis in the region.Ukrainian security forces have clashed with pro-Russian protesters in the eastern city of Mariupol. Local officials say 7 people were killed and 39 injured, although Ukraine's interior minister earlier said more than 20 people had died. The government said a gun battle began when pro-Russian activists tried to storm a police station. Local witnesses have accused the security forces of opening fire on unarmed protesters.Amnesty International says it has damning evidence that the Nigerian military failed to act on advanced warnings of the raid in which more than 200 school girls were kidnapped 25 days ago. Here is our security correspondent Frank Gardner.Amnesty International has had a team on the ground in Nigerian for some time, gatheringtestimony from both government officials and members of the public. Their researcher, Makmid Camara says the military were warned of an impending attack by Boko Haram on the town of Chibok at 7 o'clock in the evening over 4 hours before it took place.A special request was made for reinforcements when it was becoming evidently clear that the attackers were indeed on the way, but no reinforcement was then sent when the attack took place at 11:45.The Nigerian information minister Labaran Maku told the BBC he doubted the Amnesty report, but would investigate it. Meanwhile, British, US and other international teams of experts have arrived in Nigeria to help in the hunt for the missing girls.World News from the BBC. More than 20 years after it was destroyed during the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, Sarajevo's city hall housing the national library has reopened. The iconic building which was first inaugurated in 1896 was hit by a mortar and burned down during the Bosnian-Serb siege of city in 1992, it's been restored to mark the centenary of the World War I.Yemeni security forces have fought a gun battle with militants outside the President Palace in the capital Sanaa. Sebastian Usher has this report.Heavy gunfire resounded through Sanaa for around an hour as presidential security guards battled with militants. A security source said the gunmen had tried to force their way through the main gate of presidential palace as fighting raged there. An explosion was heard in another district of the capital near a building used by the security services. Officials quickly blamed al-Qaeda linked militants for the attacks. The day to night, earlier reports for the defence minister had survived an assassination attempt in the south where the army is mounting a new offensive against al-Qaeda, the group has lost towns it held and personnel but vowed retaliation.Eleven former employees of Spain's state railway company have been made formal suspects in an investigation into last year's train crash in the city of Santiago that killed 79people. They include a former director general of the company and a former head of safety. The train was traveling at more than twice the speed limit when it derailed on a bend.Roman Catholic bishops in Argentina say the country is sick with violence and corruption comparing it to a cancer, causing injustice and deaths. In a statement released at their annual conference in Buenos Aires, the bishops also said violence in society was getting more ferocious than ever. The government of President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner responded by saying this was a deliberate attempt to blame it for rising levels of insecurity.BBC news 2014-05-15--------- BBC News with Jerry SmitThe families of the Nigerian schoolgirls kidnapped in Southern Borno state four weeks ago have reacted to the video released by the Islamist group Boko Haram. Some told the BBC that seeing the girls alive has given them hope, although they were shocked at seeing the mostly Christian girls in Islamic dress. In the video, the Boko Haram leader, Abubakar Shekau offers to trade girls for jailed Boko Haram members. The interior Ministry has rejected such a deal. Senator Ali Ndume, who represents the region from where the girls were abducted, encourages all possible ways to secure their release.What is most important one is that a channel for communication has been established, that is one, two, they are talking and our people and I, myself, have encouraged the government to continue talking because that way you will reach somewhere, because in this type of situation it is only negotiation that's helped to bring solution to the problem.The results of the first exit polls in Indian's general election indicated a victory for the coalition led by the opposition candidate Narendra Modi. The surveys also suggest the worst ever performance by the governing Congress Party. Election figures showedthere was a record voted turnout of 66%. Andrew North reports from the city of Varanasi.Exit Polls published by the Indian media say Mr. Modi and his Hindu nationalist BJP are on course to form the next government. Polls have a bad record here though, they gotthe last two elections wrong and the results will not be counted until Friday. But record turnouts usually signal big change. And if Mr. Modi has been victorious, it will mean an end to 10 years of rule by the Congress party with the Gandhi family as its head.Pro-Russian militants in eastern Ukraine have said they want to become part of the Russian Federation following Sunday's referendums on self-rule. The government in Kiev has denounced the polls as illegal. Richard Galpin reports from Donetsk.It’s a packed news conference here, one of the top separatist leaders, Denis Pushilin, said they had declared independence, but soon hope the Donetsk region will be ought to join Russia. And Pushilin said there’d be no need to have a second referendum. So far Moscow has not commented on this specifically, but earlier the Kremlin did say the will of the people who'd voted on Sunday through referendum in eastern Ukraine should be respected and the results implemented peacefully.Both the United States and the Europe Union had dismissed the referendums as illegal.A senior politician with Spain's governing People's Party has been shot and killed in the northern city of Leon. Isabel Carrasco was the party's head in Leon province. Police have arrested two women in connection with the killing, which they say is being treated as a possible revenge attack.World News from the BBC Three crew members who died on the South Korean ferry that sank last month have been recognized as martyrs for helping others on the boat. Two of sailors and an engaged couple could have escaped, but stayed on board to help trapped passengers. Another gave away her life jacket as she thought to guide others to safety.The Italian Navy says at least 17 people have drowned off the coast of Libya when a boat packed with migrants sank. More than 200 survivors have been pulled from the sea and the search for others has continued into the night. The migrants were trying to reach the Italian Island of Lampedusa. The Italian government has again accused the European Union of doing too little to address the issue.The chief prosecutor of the murder trial of the South African Oscar Pistorius has said the athlete should undergo mental evaluations after a psychiatrist called by the defense told the court that Mr. Pistorius suffered from an anxiety disorder. Andrew Harding sends this report.Psychiatrist Merryll V orster said Oscar Pistorius suffered from a lifelong anxiety disorder because of his amputated legs, his parents' behavior and his mother's early death. She said the athlete was the result, both controlling and vulnerable with heightened fear of crime. Dr. V orster said, because of the athlete's disability, he was more likely to fight than to flee when confronted with a perceived threat. With the prosecutor is now arguing that if his mental condition is being used to as a defense, then Mr. Pistorius should be evaluated by court-appointed experts.Health officials in the United States have confirmed a second case of a virus that has killed more than 100 people in Saudi Arabia. A person in Florida has been found to have Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Earlier this month, a healthcare worker who traveled to Indiana from Saudi Arabia was diagnosed with the disease. Most cases have been found in Saudi Arabia.BBC news 2014-05-17--------- BBC News with Julie Candler.Police in the Turkish city of Ankara and Istanbul have fired tear gas and water canon at thousands of demonstrators protesting over a deadly mine explosion in which more than 270 people have died. The demonstrators called for the government to resign over what is the country's worst mining disaster. There were also scuffles in the town of Soma close to the coal mine during a visit there by the prime minister. Gerry reports.The mood is very grim and the anxious waiters has left this place to frustration and anger as we saw in Soma today, the prime minister made a visit here and he was protested by the angry crowd asking for the resignation of the government.Soldiers in northeastern Nigeria deployed to deal with Islamist militants are reported tohave shot at their own army commander major general Ahu Mohammed. Eye-witnesses told the BBC that the soldiers fired at his convoy at a tented barracks in the city of Dubri. M. Limon in Abuja has more.They were trying to express their own dissatisfaction in the way they are being handled. They specifically gave an example of the killings of some of their colleagues overnight because there are police arrested an area which is suspected to be infiltrated with Boko Haram members. They wanted to spend the night without travelling but then I think the senior military officers insisted that they should come back to the barracks in the night. And they complain that they do not have night vision goggles to see. They were ambushed on the way as some of them were killed, so the soldiers today at the barracks were expressing their dissatisfaction the way thing are being handled in the barracks.Reports from northeastern Nigeria say local people have killed dozens of suspected Boko haram militants in a series of ambushes. The clashes occurred on Tuesday in a district called Kala Balage in Borno State. An eyewitness told the BBC the president who'd formed the vigilante group repelled an attack by hundreds of militants. He said he saw 50 dead bodies in one village and over one hundred in another. He believed all of those killed were militants.Political and civic leaders from across Ukraine have held a first round of internationally-brokered national unity talks to try to ease the crisis in the country. Pro-Russian activists are battling for control of parts of eastern Ukraine when not invited. David Stern is in Kiev.The talks called a round table were times heated. Some leaders called on officials to listen to the concerns of citizens in the east who are suspicious of the newly installed government in Kiev. But there was a general consensus among participants that Ukraine must remain united. However some people questioned how effective the talks could be without the Pro-Russian militant participation. After a referendum on Sunday, theseparatists have declared two eastern regions independent.World News from the BBC The United State military says it is temporarily positioned nearly 200 marines in the Italian island of Sicily in case of further unrest in North Africa. A Pentagon spokesman said the contingency measure was to prepare for potential security threats but declined to give further details. Last October a similar number was stationed in Italy following the capture of a senior Al-Qaeda figure in Libya.A baby in the American city of Minneapolis has survived an 11-storey fall from a high-rise apartment. Doctor says it's a miracle. As Barbara reports.The accident happened when the father of little Rusaday has stepped out of the room and his sister opened the balcony door. The infant apparently slipped through the balcony reelings and fell 11 stories. He's in hospital with a punctured lung, concussion and multiple fractures. Doctors say his condition is critical but stable and are calling his survival a miracle. One surgeon said a fall from any height more than 7 stories would usually kill an adult but Luses's flexible young skeleton and the fact that he landed on a soft pile of wood chips saved his life.The Cannes film festival has opened in the south of France with 18 films competing for the prestigious main prize the Palme d'Or. The Cannes is widely deemed as the world's most important film festival, but this year's opening film, a biography of Princess Grace of Monaco, has received very bad reviews. From Cannes Wincint reports.The organizers of the Cannes film festival like their opening film to bring controversy. The biopic Grace of Monaco stars Nicole Kidman has already been criticized by the royal family of Monaco on questions both of taste and accuracy. But just an hour along the coast from Monaco the film world premiere will bring glamour to the Cannes red carpet this evening. After that attention will rapidly turn to the films competing for the main prize the Palme d'Or.。
1215年英国大宪章英文版
The Magna Carta (The Great Charter) The Original Version of this Text wasRendered into HTML by Jon Rolandof the Constitution SocietyConverted to PDF by Danny Stoneas a Community Service to the Constitution SocietyPrepared by Nancy Troutman (The Cleveland Free-Net-aa345).Distributed by the Cybercasting Services Division of the National Public Telecomputing Network (NPTN).Permission is hereby given to download,reprint,and/or otherwise redistribute this file, provided appropriate point of origin credit is given to the preparer(s) and the National Public Telecomputing Network.The Magna Carta(The Great Charter) Preamble:John,by the grace of God,king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and count of Anjou, to the archbishop, bishops,abbots,earls,barons,justiciaries, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his bailiffs and liege subjects, greetings. Know that, having regard to God and for the salvation of our soul, and those of all our ancestors and heirs, and unto the honor of God and the advancement of his holy Church and for the rectifying of our realm, we have granted as underwritten by advice of our venerable fathers,Stephen,archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England and cardinal of the holy Roman Church,Henry,archbishop of Dublin, William of London, Peter of Winchester, Jocelyn of Bath and Glastonbury, Hugh of Lincoln, Walter of Worcester,William of Coventry, Benedict of Rochester, bishops; of Master Pandulf, subdeacon and member of the household of our lord the Pope, of brother Aymeric (master of the Knights of the Temple in England),and of the illustrious men William Marshal,earl of Pembroke,William,earl of Salisbury,William, earl of Warenne, William, earl of Arundel, Alan of Galloway(constable of Scotland),Waren Fitz Gerold,Peter Fitz Herbert,Hubert De Burgh(seneschal of Poitou), Hugh de Neville, Matthew Fitz Herbert, Thomas Basset, Alan Basset, Philip d'Aubigny,Robert of Roppesley,John Marshal, John Fitz Hugh, and others, our liegemen.1. In the first place we have granted to God, and by this our present charter confirmed for us and our heirs forever that the English Church shall be free, and shall have her rights entire, and her liberties inviolate;and we will that it be thus observed; which is apparent from this that the freedom of elections, which is reckoned most important and very essential to the English Church, we, of our pure and unconstrained will, did grant, and did by our charter confirm and did obtain the ratification of the same from our lord,Pope Innocent III, before the quarrel arose between us and our barons: and this we will observe, and our will is that it be observed in good faith by our heirs forever. We have also granted to all freemen of our kingdom,for us and our heirs forever,all the underwritten liberties, to be had and held by them and their heirs, of us and our heirs forever.2. If any of our earls or barons, or others holding of us in chief by military service shall have died, and at the time of his death his heir shall be full of age and owe "relief", he shall have his inheritance by the old relief, to wit, the heir or heirs of an earl, for the whole barony of an earl by £100; the heir or heirs of a baron, £100 for a whole barony; the heiror heirs of a knight, 100s, at most, and whoever owes less let him give less,according to the ancient custom of fees.3. If, however, the heir of any one of the aforesaid has been under age and in wardship, let him have his inheritance without relief and without fine when he comes of age.4. The guardian of the land of an heir who is thus under age,shall take from the land of the heir nothing but reasonable produce,reasonable customs, and reasonable services, and that without destruction or waste of men or goods; and if we have committed the wardship of the lands of any such minor to the sheriff, or to any other who is responsible to us for its issues, and he has made destruction or waster of what he holds in wardship, we will take of him amends, and the land shall be committed to two lawful and discreet men of that fee, who shall be responsible for the issues to us or to him to whom we shall assign them; and if we have given or sold the wardship of any such land to anyone and he has therein made destruction or waste, he shall lose that wardship, and it shall be transferred to two lawful and discreet men of that fief, who shall be responsible to us in like manner as aforesaid.5. The guardian, moreover, so long as he has the wardship of the land, shall keep up the houses,parks,fishponds,stanks,mills,and other things pertaining to the land, out of the issues of the same land; and he shall restore to the heir, when he has come to full age, all his land, stocked with ploughs and wainage, according as the season of husbandry shall require,and the issues of the land can reasonable bear.6. Heirs shall be married without disparagement, yet so that before the marriage takes place the nearest in blood to that heir shall have notice.7. A widow, after the death of her husband, shall forthwith and without difficulty have her marriage portion and inheritance; nor shall she give anything for her dower, or for her marriage portion, or for the inheritance which her husband and she held on the day of the death of that husband; and she may remain in the house of her husband for forty days after his death, within which time her dower shall be assigned to her.8. No widow shall be compelled to marry, so long as she prefers to live without a husband; provided always that she gives security not to marry without our consent,if she holds of us,or without the consent of the lord of whom she holds, if she holds of another.9. Neither we nor our bailiffs will seize any land or rent for any debt, as long as the chattels of thedebtor are sufficient to repay the debt; nor shall the sureties of the debtor be distrained so long as the principal debtor is able to satisfy the debt; and if the principal debtor shall fail to pay the debt, having nothing wherewith to pay it,then the sureties shall answer for the debt;and let them have the lands and rents of the debtor,if they desire them, until they are indemnified for the debt which they have paid for him, unless the principal debtor can show proof that he is discharged thereof as against the said sureties.10. If one who has borrowed from the Jews any sum, great or small, die before that loan be repaid, the debt shall not bear interest while the heir is under age, of whomsoever he may hold; and if the debt fall into our hands, we will not take anything except the principal sum contained in the bond. 11. And if anyone die indebted to the Jews, his wife shall have her dower and pay nothing of that debt; and if any children of the deceased are left under age, necessaries shall be provided for them in keeping with the holding of the deceased; and out of the residue the debt shall be paid, reserving, however,service due to feudal lords;in like manner let it be done touching debts due to others than Jews.12. No scutage not aid shall be imposed on our kingdom,unless by common counsel of ourkingdom,except for ransoming our person,for making our eldest son a knight,and for once marrying our eldest daughter; and for these there shall not be levied more than a reasonable aid. In like manner it shall be done concerning aids from the city of London.13. And the city of London shall have all it ancient liberties and free customs, as well by land as by water; furthermore, we decree and grant that all other cities, boroughs, towns, and ports shall have all their liberties and free customs.14. And for obtaining the common counsel of the kingdom anent the assessing of an aid (except in the three cases aforesaid) or of a scutage, we will cause to be summoned the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and greater barons, severally by our letters;and we will moveover cause to be summoned generally,through our sheriffs and bailiffs, and others who hold of us in chief, for a fixed date, namely, after the expiry of at least forty days, and at a fixed place; and in all letters of such summons we will specify the reason of the summons. And when the summons has thus been made,the business shall proceed on the day appointed, according to the counsel of such as are present,although not all who were summoned have come.15.We will not for the future grant to anyonelicense to take an aid from his own free tenants, except to ransom his person, to make his eldest son a knight, and once to marry his eldest daughter; and on each of these occasions there shall be levied only a reasonable aid.16. No one shall be distrained for performance of greater service for a knight's fee, or for any other free tenement, than is due therefrom.17. Common pleas shall not follow our court, but shall be held in some fixed place.18. Inquests of novel disseisin, of mort d'ancestor, and of darrein presentment shall not be held elsewhere than in their own county courts, and that in manner following; We, or, if we should be out of the realm,our chief justiciar,will send two justiciaries through every county four times a year, who shall alone with four knights of the county chosen by the county, hold the said assizes in the county court,on the day and in the place of meeting of that court.19. And if any of the said assizes cannot be taken on the day of the county court, let there remain of the knights and freeholders, who were present at the county court on that day, as many as may be required for the efficient making of judgments, according as the business be more or less.20. A freeman shall not be amerced for a slight offense, except in accordance with the degree of the offense; and for a grave offense he shall be amerced in accordance with the gravity of the offense, yet saving always his "contentment"; and a merchant in the same way,saving his "merchandise"; and a villein shall be amerced in the same way, saving his "wainage" if they have fallen into our mercy: and none of the aforesaid amercements shall be imposed except by the oath of honest men of the neighborhood.21. Earls and barons shall not be amerced except through their peers, and only in accordance with the degree of the offense.22. A clerk shall not be amerced in respect of his lay holding except after the manner of the others aforesaid;further,he shall not be amerced in accordance with the extent of his ecclesiastical benefice.23. No village or individual shall be compelled to make bridges at river banks,except those who from of old were legally bound to do so.24. No sheriff, constable, coroners, or others of our bailiffs, shall hold pleas of our Crown.25.All counties,hundred,wapentakes,and trithings (except our demesne manors) shall remainat the old rents,and without any additional payment.26. If anyone holding of us a lay fief shall die, and our sheriff or bailiff shall exhibit our letters patent of summons for a debt which the deceased owed us, it shall be lawful for our sheriff or bailiff to attach and enroll the chattels of the deceased, found upon the lay fief, to the value of that debt, at the sight of law worthy men, provided always that nothing whatever be thence removed until the debt which is evident shall be fully paid to us; and the residue shall be left to the executors to fulfill the will of the deceased; and if there be nothing due from him to us,all the chattels shall go to the deceased,saving to his wife and children their reasonable shares.27. If any freeman shall die intestate, his chattels shall be distributed by the hands of his nearest kinsfolk and friends,under supervision of the Church, saving to every one the debts which the deceased owed to him.28. No constable or other bailiff of ours shall take corn or other provisions from anyone without immediately tendering money therefor, unless he can have postponement thereof by permission of the seller.29. No constable shall compel any knight to givemoney in lieu of castle-guard, when he is willing to perform it in his own person, or(if he himself cannot do it from any reasonable cause) then by another responsible man. Further, if we have led or sent him upon military service, he shall be relieved from guard in proportion to the time during which he has been on service because of us.30. No sheriff or bailiff of ours, or other person, shall take the horses or carts of any freeman for transport duty, against the will of the said freeman.31. Neither we nor our bailiffs shall take, for our castles or for any other work of ours, wood which is not ours, against the will of the owner of that wood.32. We will not retain beyond one year and one day, the lands those who have been convicted of felony, and the lands shall thereafter be handed over to the lords of the fiefs.33.All kydells for the future shall be removed altogether from Thames and Medway,and throughout all England, except upon the seashore.34. The writ which is called praecipe shall not for the future be issued to anyone,regarding any tenement whereby a freeman may lose his court. 35. Let there be one measure of wine throughoutour whole realm; and one measure of ale; and one measure of corn, to wit, "the London quarter"; and one width of cloth(whether dyed, or russet,or "halberget"), to wit, two ells within the selvedges; of weights also let it be as of measures.36. Nothing in future shall be given or taken for a writ of inquisition of life or limbs, but freely it shall be granted, and never denied.37. If anyone holds of us by fee-farm, either by socage or by burage,or of any other land by knight's service, we will not (by reason of that fee-farm, socage, or burgage), have the wardship of the heir, or of such land of his as if of the fief of that other; nor shall we have wardship of that fee-farm, socage,or burgage,unless such fee-farm owes knight's service.We will not by reason of any small serjeancy which anyone may hold of us by the service of rendering to us knives, arrows, or the like, have wardship of his heir or of the land which he holds of another lord by knight's service.38. No bailiff for the future shall, upon his own unsupported complaint, put anyone to his "law", without credible witnesses brought for this purposes.39. No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except bythe lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.40. To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice.41. All merchants shall have safe and secure exit from England, and entry to England, with the right to tarry there and to move about as well by land as by water, for buying and selling by the ancient and right customs, quit from all evil tolls, except (in time of war) such merchants as are of the land at war with us. And if such are found in our land at the beginning of the war, they shall be detained, without injury to their bodies or goods,until information be received by us,or by our chief justiciar, how the merchants of our land found in the land at war with us are treated; and if our men are safe there, the others shall be safe in our land.42.It shall be lawful in future for anyone (excepting always those imprisoned or outlawed in accordance with the law of the kingdom,and natives of any country at war with us,and merchants,who shall be treated as if above provided) to leave our kingdom and to return, safe and secure by land and water, except for a short period in time of war, on grounds of public policy-reserving always the allegiance due to us.43. If anyone holding of some escheat (such as thehonor of Wallingford,Nottingham,Boulogne, Lancaster, or of other escheats which are in our hands and are baronies) shall die, his heir shall give no other relief, and perform no other service to us than he would have done to the baron if that barony had been in the baron's hand; and we shall hold it in the same manner in which the baron held it.44. Men who dwell without the forest need not henceforth come before our justiciaries of the forest upon a general summons, unless they are in plea, or sureties of one or more, who are attached for the forest.45.We will appoint as justices,constables, sheriffs, or bailiffs only such as know the law of the realm and mean to observe it well.46.All barons who have founded abbeys, concerning which they hold charters from the kings of England,or of which they have long continued possession, shall have the wardship of them, when vacant, as they ought to have.47. All forests that have been made such in our time shall forthwith be disafforsted; and a similar course shall be followed with regard to river banks that have been placed "in defense" by us in our time.48. All evil customs connected with forests and warrens, foresters and warreners, sheriffs and their officers,river banks and their wardens,shall immediately by inquired into in each county by twelve sworn knights of the same county chosen by the honest men of the same county, and shall, within forty days of the said inquest,be utterly abolished,so as never to be restored,provided always that we previously have intimation thereof, or our justiciar, if we should not be in England. 49. We will immediately restore all hostages and charters delivered to us by Englishmen, as sureties of the peace of faithful service.50. We will entirely remove from their bailiwicks, the relations of Gerard of Athee (so that in future they shall have no bailiwick in England); namely, Engelard of Cigogne, Peter, Guy, and Andrew of Chanceaux, Guy of Cigogne, Geoffrey of Martigny with his brothers, Philip Mark with his brothers and his nephew Geoffrey, and the whole brood of the same.51. As soon as peace is restored, we will banish from the kingdom all foreign born knights, crossbowmen,serjeants,and mercenary soldiers who have come with horses and arms to the kingdom's hurt.52. If anyone has been dispossessed or removed byus, without the legal judgment of his peers, from his lands, castles, franchises, or from his right, we will immediately restore them to him;and if a dispute arise over this, then let it be decided by the five and twenty barons of whom mention is made below in the clause for securing the peace. Moreover, for all those possessions, from which anyone has,without the lawful judgment of his peers, been disseised or removed, by our father, King Henry, or by our brother, King Richard, and which we retain in our hand (or which as possessed by others, to whom we are bound to warrant them) we shall have respite until the usual term of crusaders;excepting those things about which a plea has been raised, or an inquest made by our order, before our taking of the cross; but as soon as we return from the expedition,we will immediately grant full justice therein.53. We shall have, moreover, the same respite and in the same manner in rendering justice concerning the disafforestation or retention of those forests which Henry our father and Richard our broter afforested, and concerning the wardship of lands which are of the fief of another(namely,such wardships as we have hitherto had by reason of a fief which anyone held of us by knight's service), and concerning abbeys founded on other fiefs than our own, in which the lord of the fee claims to have right; and when we have returned, or if we desist from our expedition, we will immediatelygrant full justice to all who complain of such things.54. No one shall be arrested or imprisoned upon the appeal of a woman, for the death of any other than her husband.55. All fines made with us unjustly and against the law of the land,and all amercements,imposed unjustly and against the law of the land, shall be entirely remitted,or else it shall be done concerning them according to the decision of the five and twenty barons whom mention is made below in the clause for securing the pease,or according to the judgment of the majority of the same, along with the aforesaid Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, if he can be present, and such others as he may wish to bring with him for this purpose, and if he cannot be present the business shall nevertheless proceed without him, provided always that if any one or more of the aforesaid five and twenty barons are in a similar suit, they shall be removed as far as concerns this particular judgment, others being substituted in their places after having been selected by the rest of the same five and twenty for this purpose only, and after having been sworn.56.If we have disseised or removed Welshmen from lands or liberties, or other things, without the legal judgment of their peers in England or inWales, they shall be immediately restored to them; and if a dispute arise over this,then let it be decided in the marches by the judgment of their peers; for the tenements in England according to the law of England,for tenements in Wales according to the law of Wales, and for tenements in the marches according to the law of the marches. Welshmen shall do the same to us and ours.57. Further, for all those possessions from which any Welshman has, without the lawful judgment of his peers,been disseised or removed by King Henry our father, or King Richard our brother, and which we retain in our hand(or which are possessed by others,and which we ought to warrant), we will have respite until the usual term of crusaders; excepting those things about which a plea has been raised or an inquest made by our order before we took the cross; but as soon as we return(or if perchance we desist from our expedition), we will immediately grant full justice in accordance with the laws of the Welsh and in relation to the foresaid regions.58.We will immediately give up the son of Llywelyn and all the hostages of Wales, and the charters delivered to us as security for the peace. 59. We will do towards Alexander, king of Scots, concerning the return of his sisters and hishostages, and concerning his franchises, and his right, in the same manner as we shall do towards our owher barons of England, unless it ought to be otherwise according to the charters which we hold from William his father, formerly king of Scots; and this shall be according to the judgment of his peers in our court.60.Moreover,all these aforesaid customs and liberties,the observances of which we have granted in our kingdom as far as pertains to us towards our men, shall be observed b all of our kingdom,as well clergy as laymen,as far as pertains to them towards their men.61. Since, moveover, for God and the amendment of our kingdom and for the better allaying of the quarrel that has arisen between us and our barons, we have granted all these concessions,desirous that they should enjoy them in complete and firm endurance forever, we give and grant to them the underwritten security,namely,that the barons choose five and twenty barons of the kingdom, whomsoever they will, who shall be bound with all their might, to observe and hold, and cause to be observed, the peace and liberties we have granted and confirmed to them by this our present Charter, so that if we, or our justiciar, or our bailiffs or any one of our officers, shall in anything be at fault towards anyone, or shall have broken any one of the articles of this peace or of this security, and theoffense be notified to four barons of the foresaid five and twenty, the said four barons shall repair to us (or our justiciar, if we are out of the realm) and, laying the transgression before us, petition to have that transgression redressed without delay. And if we shall not have corrected the transgression (or, in the event of our being out of the realm, if our justiciar shall not have corrected it) within forty days, reckoning from the time it has been intimated to us (or to our justiciar, if we should be out of the realm), the four barons aforesaid shall refer that matter to the rest of the five and twenty barons, and those five and twenty barons shall, together with the community of the whole realm, distrain and distress us in all possible ways, namely, by seizing our castles, lands, possessions, and in any other way they can, until redress has been obtained as they deem fit, saving harmless our own person, and the persons of our queen and children; and when redress has been obtained, they shall resume their old relations towards us. And let whoever in the country desires it, swear to obey the orders of the said five and twenty barons for the execution of all the aforesaid matters, and along with them, to molest us to the utmost of his power;and we publicly and freely grant leave to everyone who wishes to swear, and we shall never forbid anyone to swear. All those, moveover, in the land who of themselves and of their own accord are unwilling to swear to the twenty five to help them in constraining and molesting us,we shall by ourcommand compel the same to swear to the effect foresaid. And if any one of the five and twenty barons shall have died or departed from the land, or be incapacitated in any other manner which would prevent the foresaid provisions being carried out, those of the said twenty five barons who are left shall choose another in his place according to their own judgment, and he shall be sworn in the same way as the others. Further, in all matters,the execution of which is entrusted,to these twenty five barons, if perchance these twenty five are present and disagree about anything, or if some of them,after being summoned,are unwilling or unable to be present, that which the majority of those present ordain or command shall be held as fixed and established, exactly as if the whole twenty five had concurred in this; and the said twenty five shall swear that they will faithfully observe all that is aforesaid, and cause it to be observed with all their might.And we shall procure nothing from anyone, directly or indirectly, whereby any part of these concessions and liberties might be revoked or diminished; and if any such things has been procured, let it be void and null, and we shall never use it personally or by another.62. And all the will, hatreds, and bitterness that have arisen between us and our men, clergy and lay,from the date of the quarrel,we have completely remitted and pardoned to everyone. Moreover,all trespasses occasioned by the saidquarrel, from Easter in the sixteenth year of our reign till the restoration of peace, we have fully remitted to all,both clergy and laymen,and completely forgiven, as far as pertains to us. And on this head, we have caused to be made for them letters testimonial patent of the lord Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury,of the lord Henry, archbishop of Dublin, of the bishops aforesaid, and of Master Pandulf as touching this security and the concessions aforesaid.63. Wherefore we will and firmly order that the English Church be free, and that the men in our kingdom have and hold all the aforesaid liberties, rights, and concessions, well and peaceably, freely and quietly, fully and wholly, for themselves and their heirs, of us and our heirs, in all respects and in all places forever,as is aforesaid.An oath, moreover, has been taken, as well on our part as on the art of the barons,that all these conditions aforesaid shall be kept in good faith and without evil intent.Given under our hand - the above named and many others being witnesses - in the meadow which is called Runnymede, between Windsor and Staines, on the fifteenth day of June, in the seventeenth year of our reign.。
bbc原文带翻译
bbc原文带翻译BBC News: Australia's bushfires: A visual guide to the deadly crisis。
澳大利亚森林大火，致命危机的视觉指南。
Australia is currently experiencing one of its worst bushfire seasons in history, with fires burning across the country since September 2019. The fires have claimed the lives of at least 25 people, destroyed over 2,000 homes, and killed an estimated one billion animals.自2019年9月以来，澳大利亚全国都在遭受着史上最严重的森林大火季节之一。
这些大火已经夺去了至少25人的生命，摧毁了超过2000座房屋，并造成了约10亿只动物的死亡。
The causes of the fires are complex, but are largely attributed to a combination of drought, high temperatures, and strong winds. Climate change has also been identified as a contributing factor, with Australia experiencing itshottest and driest year on record in 2019.这些大火的原因复杂，但主要归因于干旱、高温和强风的组合。
气候变化也被认为是一个促成因素，因为澳大利亚在2019年经历了有记录以来最热和最干燥的一年。
The fires have had a devastating impact on Australia's wildlife, with many species facing extinction as a resultof habitat loss and the destruction of their food sources. The koala population has been particularly hard hit, withan estimated 30% of their habitat destroyed in the fires.这些大火对澳大利亚的野生动物产生了毁灭性的影响，许多物种因失去栖息地和食物来源而面临灭绝。
2015英国女王开启英国国会大典演讲中英文
2015英国女王开启英国国会大典演讲中英文第一篇：2015英国女王开启英国国会大典演讲中英文2015英国女王开启英国国会大典演讲My Lords and members of the House of Commons。
各位上下议院的议员们My government will legislate in the interests of everyone in our country.It will adopt a one nation approach, helping working people get on, supporting aspiration, giving new opportunities to the most disadvantaged and bringing different parts of our country together。
政府将立法保障全体英国人民的权益。
政策将惠及全国，让劳动者有稳定的工作，支持创业，给弱势群体提供新的就业机会，把全英国紧紧团结在一起。
My government will continue with its long-term plan to provide economic stability and security at every stage of life.They will continue the work of bringing the public finances under control and reducing the deficit, so Britain lives within its means.Measures will be introduced to raise the productive potential of the economy and increase living standards。
bbc纪录片（bbcdocumentary）
bbc纪录片（bbc documentary）Recommend some good BBC documentaries about history, religion, philosophy, literature, nature, and supernatural sources: the diary of Mr. Wang ChenguangDigital part:BBC Fengyun fifty years (2 episodes)The A word:BBC.Alien.Empire. the insect Empire (6 episodes)BBC.Ancient.Apocalypse. ancient revelation (4 episodes)BBC, Ancient, Rome, The, Rise, and, Fall, of, an,, Empire., ancient Rome - the rise and fall of an Empire (2 episodes)BBC.Animal Camera. animal camera, also known as snoop creature (3 episodes)BBC.Animal.Battlefield. the battlefield of animal killing (Episode 4)BBC.Animal.Games. animal games (1 episodes)BBC.Ape-Man. human origin, also known as ape to man (3 episodes)BBC.A.History.of.Britain. history of Great Britain / history of England (15 episodes)BBC.Amazon.Abyss. Amazon Abyss (Episode 5)BBC.Around The World In 80 Treasures. world eighty treasures (10 episodes)BBC.Attenborough.in.Paradise. Attenborough in paradise (7 episodes)BBC.A Walking with Dinosaurs Special - Sea Monsters. walking with dinosaurs special - Sea Monsters (3 episodes)BBC Art Collection art selection seriesThe B word:BBC.Battlefields. killing battlefield (Episode 4)BBC.Battle, of, The, Sexes, In,, The, Animal, World., sexual warfare, gender wars (Episode 6)BBC.Bible.Mysteries. Bible decoding (9 episodes)BBC.Brain.story. mind wandering (Episode 6)BBC caribbean pirates, Black Beards / ghost ships. (Episode 1, episode +2)BBC Burma, The, Forgotten, War,, Burma: The Forgotten War (Episode 1)The C word:BBC.Colosseum. Rome Coliseum (Episode 1)The D word:BBC.D-Day 6.6.1944. Normandy D-Day (2 episodes)BBC.D-Day to Berlin. from Normandy to Berlin (3 episodes)BBC.Deep Blue. deep blue (Episode 2)BBC.Dolphins, Deep.Thinkers.2003, the clever dolphin (Episode 1)BBC.Dragons.Alive.2004. modern dinosaurs (Episode 3)BBC.Dunkirk. Dunkirk (3 episodes)The E word:The story of the formation of the BBC.Earth Story. earth (Episode 8)BBC.Earth.Ride. earth water tour (Episode 1)BBC.Egypt. the secret history of ancient Egypt (Egypt) (6 episodes)BBC Elephant Diaries. orphan diaries (Episode 3)BBC.Europe.A.Natural.History. natural history of Europe (4episodes)The G word:BBC.Great.Wildlife.Moments. wildlife wonderful moments (Episode 1)The H word:BBC.Himalaya. trip to Himalaya (Episode 6)BBC.Hiroshima. Hiroshima (1 episodes)BBC.Horror, in, the, East.., trembling East (Episode 2)BBC.How.to.Build.A.Human. replication of new human beings (4 episodes)BBC.Human Instinct. human instinct (Episode 4)BBC.Human.Senses. human senses (3 episodes)BBC, Horizon:Einstein's, Equation, of, Life, and, Death, Einstein's equations of life and death (1 episodes)BBC Horizon:Einstein's Unfinished Symphony. Einstein's Unfinished Symphony (1 episodes)BBC, Horizon:Equinox, Einsteins, Biggest, Blunder.,Einstein's biggest mistake (1 episodes)BBC Horizon The Lost Pyramids Of Caral. in Peru, Pyramid the forgotten (1 episodes)BBC Horizon:The Missing Link. evolution penellipse (1 episodes)BBC, Horizon:The, Mystery, Of, The, Jurassic., Jurassic Mysteries (Episode 1)BBC Horizon:Extreme Dinosaurs. horizon: the mystery of the Dragon (Episode 1)BBC, Horizon:T.Rex, Warrior, Or, Wimp. horizon: Tyrannosaurus Rex, warrior or coward (Episode 1)2 BBC documentary catalogueSupermassive black holes in the BBCHorizon.-.Supermassive.Black.Holes. field of vision (1 episodes)BBC, Horizon:The, Day, The, Earth, Nearly, Died, horizon: Earth disaster day (Episode 1)BBC Horizon:The Lost Pyramids Of Caral horizon: the forgotten Peru, Pyramid (1 sets)BBC Horizon:Atlantis Reborn. horizon: Rebirth of Atlantis (Episode 1)BBC, Horizon:Cloning, The, First, Human., horizon: the birthof a clone (1 episodes)BBC Horizon:Killer Algae. horizon: Killer algae (Episode 1)BBC, Horizon:The, Secret, Life, Of, Caves., horizon: cave creatures (Episode 1)阿芝台克人在搜索英国广播公司血和花。
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15 August 2014Last updated at 07:27Thousand-strong robot swarm throws shapes, slowlyBy Jonathan WebbScience reporter, BBC NewsEngineers in the US have built a swarm of 1,000 little robots that can shuffle into specific formations on command.Continue reading the main storyEach of the identical robots is given a picture of the required shape, and then they work together to make it happen.It takes up to 12 hours, but then this is the biggest throng of robots ever built and studied in this way.Inspired by biological examples, like cells forming organs or ants building bridges, the work could help develop self-assembling tools and structures."Each robot is identical and we give them all the exact same program," explained Dr Michael Rubenstein, the first author of the study, whichis published in Science."The only thing they have to go on, to make decisions, is what their neighbours are doing."Watch how the "Kilobots" collaborateThe robots are 3cm across and cylindrical - about the size of a sushi roll. Dr Rubenstein and his colleagues at Harvard University dubbed them "Kilobots" and built 1,024 of them altogether: the same as the number of bytes in a kilobyte.Each Kilobot shuffles on three straight, spindly legs, chosen because they are cheaper than wheels. The robots' arena is a large wooden square, about the size of a tournament snooker table, complete with edges to stop them waddling off the edge.Blinking lightsAt the start of an experiment, Actually watchingthe whole bristling crowd is bunched up the experiment runtogether on one side. is like watchingOverhead hangs an infrared light, paint dry”which can communicate with the swarm Dr Michael Rubensteinthanks to an infrared sensor nestled Harvard Universityon each robot's underside. That lightonly sends one command, however:"go".Like 1,024 smarter-than-average sushi rolls on a big, square billiard table: Three-legged Kilobots in their native habitatWhen that happens, all the robots start their program. The same program.A random selection will start first, if they are in a position to move: inching slowly around the table and flashing their own infra-red lights to broadcast information to the other Kilobots nearby.So that they know where to start the shape they've been programmed to make, four "seed" robots have already been placed in a suitable position by one of the scientists. The seed robots kick off a coordinate system, which spreads through the swarm via those infrared lights, bouncing off the table from any transmitting robot to anyone "listening"within 10cm."Each robot looks at its current state - so, Increasingly, we'rewhat have I done in the past - and also going to see largelooks at what its neighbours are doing, numbers of robotsbased on communication. And it makes working together”its own decisions," Dr Rubenstein told Prof Radhika Nagpalthe BBC. Harvard University"Running this identical program, all the robots are capable of taking turns tojoin the shape."Slow goingIndividually, the Kilobots have very limited capabilities and they also make mistakes. But the algorithm made specially to govern their behaviour is able to overcome these limitations.In designing their robotic swarm, the researchers drew inspiration particularly from ants. Masses of army ants, Dr Rubenstein explained, also assemble themselves into structures (like nests and rafts) that defy the limitations of an individual six-legged specimen.Each robot is given the same program and the same shape, and together they make it happen - over six to 12 hours"The structures that ants form are relatively different from the structure that we were able to form, but it's the same type of principle," he said. The whole process is also incredibly time consuming.Dr Rubenstein said he hasn't taken his Kilobot show on the road anywhere, and doesn't even tidy the robots away when they're finished: "We just leave them sitting on the table. It would take a couple of hours to pack them into a box."Even watching the programmed images take shape, over six to 12 hours, is far from a spectator sport."It wasn't very exciting," said Dr Rubenstein, who "usually stuck around" to take notes, in case of a mishap. "Actually watching the experiment run is like watching paint dry."To program their robots, the engineers were inspired by army ants, which self-assemble into their own temporary dwellings, called bivouacsNonetheless, the Kilobots have attracted considerable interest since the team first unveiled them at a conference in 2012. All the code involved is open-source, and a company is selling the robots for around $100 each.Tipping pointThe potential applications go much further than throwing very slow shapes on a very big table.Prof Radhika Nagpal runs the lab This goes wellwhere the experiments were done. beyond the state "Increasingly, we're going to see of the art inlarge numbers of robots working robotics, as thetogether," she said, "whether algorithm copesits hundreds of robots cooper with hugeating to achieve environmental numbers of robotscleanup or a quick disaster even in theresponse, presence of failure”or millions of self-driving cars Dr Roderich Grosson our highways. University of Sheffield "Understanding how to design 'good' systems at that scale will be critical."Researchers in the UK are also impressed."Performing self-assembly with a thousand-robot swarm is a remarkable feat," said Dr Sabine Hauert, a robotics lecturer at the University of Bristol, "[especially] given the advances needed to build hardware that is affordable and easy to use, and design algorithms that scale to large numbers of unreliable robots."She told BBC News the study shows we are reaching a "tipping point" in swarm engineering, where computing and hardware can both be scaled up to big experiments like these.Identical, limited and error-prone individually - but the Kilobots are cleverly programmed to produce swarming behaviour on a record scaleDr Roderich Gross, a robotics engineer at the University of Sheffield, is a paid-up fan. His laboratory has acquired 900 of the robots, to run their own tests."The Harvard Kilobot system is not only the largest swarm of robots in the world, but also an excellent test-bed allowing us to validate distributed algorithms in practice," he said."The Kilobot swarms are able to attain an arbitrary shape. This goes well beyond the state of the art in robotics, as the algorithm copes with huge numbers of robots even in the presence of failure."Meanwhile, Prof William Harwin, who studies cybernetics at the University of Reading, was most taken by the scale of the project and the manual labour involved. "The most impressive thing is that they built1,000 robots," he said.Figuring out how to transfer this sort of new technology rapidly to the production line, Prof Hardwin noted, would be "the game-changer". Follow Jonathan on TwitterInspired by army ants and here looking unnervingly like tin soldiers ready for action, Kilobots may become a popular test bed for swarm robotics。