北京大学中国经济研究中心

CCER, Peking University Dr. Miaojie Yu 北京大学中国经济研究中心余淼杰博士International Trade国际贸易Midterm Examination期中考试卷Nov. 19, 2006Instructions: This exam consists of 3 questions and a total of 100 points. You have 2 hours to complete the exam. Use the point totals to guide how much time you spend on each question.Full Name姓名 (Print): _______________________________________Department and Year系别与级号: ______________________________Student ID学生证号: _________________________________________•Write clearly, and only in the space provided•Remember to demonstrate the extent of your understanding when answering the question. If you do not have the full analytical/numerical answer to a problem,make sure you include as much information as you can. This includes discussinghow you would get the solution and what it means.•Make sure to label all graphs and show all calculations if applicable.•Budget your time wisely. A good rule is to allocate 5 minute to a 5-point question.•Turn off your cell phone.•Good Luck!I.Multiple Choices: Each is worth 2 points.The Ricardian Model of TradeMalaysia has 200 units of labor, while there are 400 units of labor in Indonesia. When they produce, the countries have the following unit labor requirements.马来西亚有200单位劳动力，印度尼西亚有400单位劳动力。

两国生产单位产品的劳动投入如下所示Malaysia IndonesiaCameras 10 20Rugs 10 40MC1) What is the relative price of rugs to cameras in Indonesia if there is no trade?如果不存在国际贸易，印度尼西亚的地毯对相机的相对价格是？1/4.a)1/2.b)1.c)2.d)4.e)MC2) For which product does Malaysia have comparative advantage?马来西亚在哪种产品上有比较优势？a)Cameras.相机Rugs.地毯b)Neither.两者都不是c)MC3) Would Malaysia benefit from trade if the world price for rugs to cameras were 1?如果地毯对相机的世界价格是1，马来西亚能从国际贸易中获益吗？a)Yes, if it exports rugs.能，如果它出口地毯。

b)Yes, if it exports cameras.能，如果它出口相机c)No. Because the world price is the same as its relative price before trade.不能，因为世界价格和贸易前的相对价格相同。

d)No. Because Indonesia is worse at making both products.不能，因为印度尼西亚在制造两种产品上都不如马来西亚e)It is impossible to tell.无法判断。

MC4) Calculate relative wages for Malaysia to Indonesia assuming incomplete specialization where both countries produce rugs. W M/W I =假设存在不完全专业化，即两国都生产地毯，请计算马来西亚对印度尼西亚的相对工资W M/W I =a) (1/40)/(1/10) = 1/4b) (1/20)/(1/10) = 1/2c) (1/10)/(1/10) = 1d) (1/20)/(1/40) = 2e) (1/10)/(1/40) = 4MC5)indicates that: 假设相对需求的位置如上图所示。

这意味着：a) Both countries produce rugs, and one country produces cameras.两国都生产地毯，而只有一国生产相机。

b) Both countries produce cameras, and one country produces rugs.两国都生产相机，而只有一国地毯。

c) Each country is specialized in its comparative advantage product.每个国家都专业化生产它具有比较优势的那种产品。

MC6) Suppose that relative demand is at the position shown in the graph above. This indicates that the world price of cameras to rugs with trade is:假设相对需求的位置如上图所示。

这意味着存在贸易时，相机对地毯的世界价格是：a) 1/4.b) 1/2.c) 1.d) 2.e) 4.MC7) The value of the kink point shown as MC7 on the graph is:图中MC7所示的跳跃点横坐标值是：a) [200/20]/[400/10] = 1/4.b) [200/10]/[400/10] = 1/2.c) [400/20]/[200/10] = 1.d) [400/10]/[200/10] = 2.e) [400/10]/[200/20] = 2.II. True/False/Explain (24 points, 4 points each) [T/F 1 points, explanation 3 points] 1.The Ricardian model assumes consumers in two countries have different preferences whereas the Heckscher-Ohlin model assumes different endowments between the two countries.李嘉图模型假设两个国家的消费者拥有不同的偏好，赫克歇尔-俄林模型则假设两个国家拥有不同的禀赋。

2.According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, when two countries trade, an increase of a country’s labor will decrease the country’s wage level in the equilibrium.根据赫克歇尔-俄林模型，当两个国家存在贸易时，一国劳动力的增加将会使这个国家的均衡工资水平下降。

3.One can treat the specific factors model as a long-run version of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model. 特定要素模型可以被看成是赫克歇尔-俄林模型的长期版本。

4. Robert Mundell (1957) argues that international factors movement and international trade are complement. Markuson (1983) disagrees about that and argues that the relationship should be substitution by assuming different consumer preference in the two countries. 罗伯特蒙代尔(1957)认为国际要素流动和国际贸易之间是互补的。

马库森(1983)不同意上述观点，他通过假设两国消费者拥有不同的偏好而得出两者应为替代关系的结论。

5.Export-biased growth reduces a country’s terms of trade whereas import-biased growth increases a country’s terms of trade instead. Justify this statement using the diagram analysis.一国的出口扩张型增长恶化了它的贸易条件，进口替代型增长则改善了贸易条件。

用图形分析来论证这种观点。

6. When the country imposes an export subsidy on a commodity, the domestic price of such a commodity is NOT affected since commodity consumed at home is not involved into international trade. 当一国对一种商品进行出口补贴时，这种商品的国内价格不会受到影响，因为在国内消费的商品不参与国际贸易。