同位语从句.pdf
同位语从句
同位语从句1.基本概念:同位语从句常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information等名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容.引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that,who,whether),连接副词(how,when, where)等。
e.g.:The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
e.g.:I”ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won”t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。
但有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
e.g.:The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.据说他高考又落榜了。
2.用that、who引导的同位语从句如同位语从句意义完整,可用that、who引导同位语从句。
e.g.:They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。
e.g.:The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该做这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。
同位语从句讲解共29页文档
21、要知道对好事的称颂过于夸大,也会招来人们的反感轻蔑和嫉妒。——培根 22、业精于勤,荒于嬉;行成于思,毁于随。——韩愈
23、一切节省,归根到底都归结为时间的节省。——马克思 24、意志命运往往背道而驰,决心到最后会全部推倒。——莎士比亚
25、学习是劳动,是充满思想的劳动。——乌申斯基
谢谢!
同位从句讲解
26、机遇对于有准备的头脑有特别的 亲和力 。 27、自信是人格的核心。
28、目标的坚定是性格中最必要的力 量泉源 之一, 也是成 功的利 器之一 。没有 它,天 才也会 在矛盾 无定的 迷径中 ,徒劳 无功。- -查士 德斐尔 爵士。 29、困难就是机遇。--温斯顿.丘吉 尔。 30、我奋斗,所以我快乐。--格林斯 潘。
同位语从句属于名词性从句
同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面。
同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。
例如:They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。
1、从先行词来看同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。
该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。
例如:They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。
2、从引导词来看引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。
试比较:The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。
(that在从句中作宾语,所以此句是宾语从句)The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。
(that只起连接从句的作用,所以此句是同谓语从句)同位语从句讲解及练习一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句一般用that, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。
同位语从句的用法大全
同位语从句的⽤法⼤全主语从句宾语从句表语从句今天接着跟⼤家分享最后⼀种名词性从句——同位语从句。
⼀、何谓“同位语”?当⼀个名词(或其它形式)⽤来限定或说明另⼀个名词或代词时,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。
同位语与被它修饰的词在格式上要保持⼀致,⽽且同位语⼀般都是紧跟所修饰的词语的。
同位语与所修饰的词语关系紧密时,不⽤逗号隔开;同位语对其所修饰的词语只作补充解释时,可⽤逗号隔开。
如:1) My sister Mary will visit me tomorrow morning.2) Last Saturday, I met my old friend, James Brown.第1)句中的Mary就是my sister的同位语,第2)句中的James Brown就是my old friend的同位语,指的都是同⼀个⼈。
⼆、同位语的分类(⼀)名词或名词短语作同位语Jack, the mayor, will attend the meeting next Friday.句中的the mayor作Jack的同位语。
Jerry, our beloved pet dog, has lived with us for eight years.句中的our beloved pet dog作Jerry的同位语。
(⼆)直接引语作同位语Now let's get down to the girl's question, "Who will take over the job?"句中引号的直接引语就作为question的同位语。
(三)句⼦作同位语I don't believe the fact that she is a spy.句中的she is a spy作the fact的同位语。
三、何谓“同位语从句”?当⼀个句⼦⽤来充当某个名词或代词的同位语时,这个句⼦就是该名词或代词的同位语从句。
同位语从句
always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.
同位语从句的引导词常用that, wh-, will be back. how he can get the treasure.
1) What is the possibility? The possibility is that the majority of the labor force will work at home.
2) What is often discussed?
i) The possibility is often discussed. ii) That the majority of the labor force
4) We won the game.
5) That the earth runs round the sun is well known.(=It’s well known that the earth runs round the sun.)
6) Whether he’ll come is not known.
1.The idea that computers will recognize human voices surprises many people.
1) What is the idea? The idea is that computers will recognize human voices.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
一、比较: 同位语从句:
The suggestion that we discuss the problem all over again is a good one.
同位语从句
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同位语从句
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;" : 0 $ ) $ : 0 % *题立意 考查同位语从句和定语从句难度较大 ! " 7 解题思路 句意为 他是一名严格但又不失友善的老师 我的儿子非常喜爱和尊敬他 句式分 析 与其为同位语成分 后面的 3 . $用来代替前面表泛指的 '& ( ) % * (+ , (% . /( $ ' * 0 $ ) 1 3 . 2& 为定语从句 修饰先行词 3 且在定语从句中作宾语 省略了引导词( 4 3 5 $ & ' . /) $ & $ * ( & . $ 0 ' ( 6 注意不要误选 如将 9 项中的( 则 9 项也正确故答案选 7 9 项具有很大的干扰性 0 $去掉 命题立意 考查同位语从句和定语从句难度中等 < " 9 解题思路 句意为 战争结束的消息在这个村子里快速传播开来 这个消息使得村民们欣喜不 作 的同位语 故第一空应用( 第二空引导非限制性定语 已 ( 0 $: ' ) 0 ' / $ . / $ / = 0 $ . $ : & 0 ' ( 从句 在从句中作主语 指代先行词 = 故应用 : 故答案选 9 0 $. $ : & 0 % * 0
从句—同位语从句(英语语法课件)
part 5
2. 不定式用作同位语
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的 命令。 (to start the general attack 与 the order 同位 ) He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走,我在那里接他上了车。 (to walk along …与 the instruction 同位 )
《英语语法》
同位语从句 Appositive Clause
Eversleeping
Once i travelled seven seas to find my love And once i sang seven hundred songs Well, maybe i still have to walk seven thousand miles until i find the one that i belong I will rest my head side by side to the one that stays in the night I will lose my breath in my last words of sorrow ……
part 3
3 . 其它引导词引导的同位语从句
连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which 引导同位语从句 1).I have no idea what it is. 我不知道那是什么。( what 作定语) 2).I have no idea which wine is best — it's a matter of personal taste. 我不知道哪种酒最好,这是个人口味的问题。( which 作定语) 3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. ( who 作主语)
同位语从句属于名词性从句
同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fac t, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面。
同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。
例如:They are familia r with the opinion that all matterconsist s of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。
1、从先行词来看同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。
该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。
例如:They were delight ed at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。
2、从引导词来看引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。
试比较:The factory(that)we visited yesterd ay is a chemica l one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。
(that在从句中作宾语,所以此句是宾语从句)The news that he will leave for Shangha i is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。
(that只起连接从句的作用,所以此句是同谓语从句)同位语从句讲解及练习一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句一般用t hat, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, informa tion, wish,promise, an swer, evidenc e, report, explana tion, suggest ion, conclus ion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。
同位语从句讲义(最新整理)
同位语从句讲义1.定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2.用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,关联词多用从属连词。
如:They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来?Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
注:同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。
如:I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。
连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别?that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用,无意义。
在从句中不充当句子成分。
不可省。
that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当一个句子成分。
同位语从句课件 (共17张PPT)
There is a possibility that he is a spy.
3. 我们都知道纸是中国首先造出来的这一事 实。We all know the fact that paper was first made
in China.
• 4.我不知道他是否来 • I have no idea whether he’ll come or no
① 由that引导 The fact that you haven’t enough
time to do the work is simply unbelievable.
The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.
1.如同位语从句意义、结构完整,应用that 引导同位语从句。(即that 不充当任何成分,
is still unknown to many.
同位语从句
2.The news that is spreading around the airport is coming. 定语从句
3.The suggestion that students should learn something
practical is worth considering.
③ 由when 或 how ,where 引导 I have no idea when they will go. I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.
3.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加“什么时候”、 “什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义,应用连接副
•
1、有时候读书是一种巧妙地避开思考 的方法 。20.1 2.1620. 12.16W ednesday, December 16, 2020
同位语从句例句50例_学习总结_
同位语从句例句50例_学习总结_同位语从句例句同位语从句例句(一):1、由whether引导的同位语例句:We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy。
我们不是在调查他是否能够信任的问题。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
2、由that引导的同位语例句:He referred to Copernicus statement that the earth moves round the sun。
他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。
【注意1】在某些名词(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。
如:They expressed the wish that she accept the award。
他们表示期望她理解这笔奖金。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也能够省去。
如:He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane。
他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
3、由连接副词引导的同位语例句:I have no idea when he will e back。
我不明白他什么时候回来。
4、由连接代词引导的同位语例句:Have you any idea what time it starts? 你明白什么时候开始吗?5、关于分离同位语从句有时同位语从句能够和同位的名词分开。
例句:The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery。
消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。
同位语从句例句(二):1。
由that引导1、We heard the news that our team had won。
同位语从句
同位语从句一、同位语1.定义:同位语就是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质与情况,它可以由名词、代词、数词、名词性短语或从句充当。
2.同位语的表现形式:1)名词、代词、数词等在句中作同位语。
I lived with my aunt Anna、(名词)He wants to buy a shirt, one that is not expensive but nice、。
(代词)She is the oldest among them six、(数词)2)名词短语、形容词短语、动名词短语、不定式短语作同位语。
Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished? (不定式短语)Professor Smith, a football fan, often watches football games on TV、(名词短语)3)同位语从句在句中作同位语He told me the news that the president had been murdered、(从句)二、同位语从句1、定义:在复合句中充当同位语的从句叫“同位语从句”。
它一般跟在某些抽象名词的后面,用于说明该名词表示的具体内容。
常见的这类名词有news, fact, idea, thought, promise, suggestion, order, 等。
2、引导词|:1)连词:that, whether2)连接副词:when/where/why/how /whenever/wherever/however3)连接代词:what/who/whom/whose/which/whatever/whoever/whomever/whosever/whichever三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别:1.先行词: 同位语从句的先行词就是抽象名词;定语从句的先行词就是具体、抽象名词或代词。
4.同位语从句
the Complex Sentence复合句同位语从句4. 同位语从句4.1 同位语的定义同位语是指跟在名词后面表示解释、说明的成分。
常由名词、代词、数词、形容词或短语及句子等构成。
4. 同位语从句4.1 同位语的定义例如:She is my younger sister Mary.她是我的妹妹玛丽。
Tom, the tallest boy in our class, performed best.汤姆,我们班最高的男生,表现最好。
4. 同位语从句4.2 同位语的分类例如:My grandma Lucy is staying with us.我奶奶露西和我们住在一起。
①限制性的同位语:和前面名词(代词)关系密切,中间没有逗号将其分开。
4. 同位语从句4.2 同位语的分类例如:We are now living in Beijing, the capital of China.我们现在居住在中国的首都北京。
②非限制性的同位语:和前面名词关系比较松散,常用逗号将其分开。
4. 同位语从句4.3 同位语从句同位语从句是指一个句子充当一个名词或代词的同位语。
通常在许多名词后可以跟that引导的从句。
常在that从句中作同位语的名词有:fact answer belief conclusiondecisionevidencehopenewsopinionthoughtwishidea…4. 同位语从句4.3 同位语从句例如:Tom held the view that what the book said was right.汤姆认为这本书里所说的是正确的。
We must keep in mind the fact that China is still a developing country.我们必须记住这样一个事实:中国仍然是一个发展中国家。
4. 同位语从句4.4 注意的问题①同位语从句常用的引导词为that,有时也用who、when、where、what等疑问词。
同位语从句----绝对经典系列
同位语从句----绝对经典系列
同位语从句是一个重要的语法结构,在英语中经常被使用。
它是指一个从句作为同位语来修饰前面的名词或代词。
同位语从句通常由连词"that"引导,也可以由疑问词引导,如"who"、"what"等。
以下是几个绝对经典的同位语从句的用法:
1. 同位语从句作说明或解释的用法:
- The fact that she passed the exam surprised everyone.
2. 同位语从句作证实的用法:
- I heard a rumor that they are getting married.
3. 同位语从句引出引语的用法:
- The author said, "I hope that my book will inspire others."
- He asked me if I knew where the nearest library was.
4. 同位语从句作替代的用法:
- Jack's suggestion that they go on a road trip was well-received.
- I have no idea what time the movie starts.
同位语从句的引导词通常可以省略,但在正式的写作中,为了语法的完整性,建议使用引导词"that"。
同位语从句的使用可以使得句子更加准确、简洁,同时也增强了表达的逻辑性和连贯性。
希望以上内容对您有帮助!。
同位语从句-用此课件
6) We've just heard a warning on the radio
_t_h_a_t a hurricane is likely to come. 同
7) There is no doubt t_h_a_the has told a lie.同 8) You have no idea _h_o_w__ anxious I was!同 9) The coat is in the place _w_h_e_r_e_ you
同位语的表现形式有以下几种: (1) 名词
Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代词
I myself will do the experiment. (3) 数词
She is the oldest among them six.
(4) 从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded. 他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。
3) The next thing _th_a_t_ must be done is to make a plan. 定
4) Word came _t_h_a_t our army had won the battle. 同
5) The president has given an order that 同 everyone in the country should prepare
The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.
同位语从句讲解(精品)
同位语从句一.定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
如:I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。
二.常见的可以跟同位语从句的词(抽象名词)news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word (消息),possibility等。
如:I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三.常见引导词英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等。
(注:if,which不能引导同位语从句。
)1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。
(即that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略)例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。
(if不能引导同位语从句)例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
同位语从句终结版
同位语从句终结版同位语从句一、概述:同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,同位语从句是用来补充说明具体的内容或含义,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。
定义:在复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
二、用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,后面跟上连接词。
[练一练]I. 判断下列句子是否是同位语从句。
1. The fact that Great Britain is made up of three parts is known to many.2. The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4. The state that consists of three countries is developing very fast.5.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.三、同位语从句的连接词引导同位语从句的常用连接词有:从属连词:that, whether连接代词:what,who等连接副词:how,why,when,where等1.连接词:that有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句:We came to the decision that we must act at once.我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。
He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone.他提议会议延期。
同位语从句讲解
同位语从句讲解就是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系就是同位关系,即主表关系。
详细信息一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就就是同位语。
同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
1、名词作同位语Mr Wang, my chi ld’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday、王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来瞧我们。
2、短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children、我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其她孩子。
3、直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但就是现在她们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死就是因为它就是一只克隆羊不?” 4、句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes、巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
同位语从句用法同位语部分就是个句子,就就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定"一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。
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同位语从句编稿:张桂琴审稿:梁晓概念引入:1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.我梦想着总有一天所有的道路都是平坦的。
2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.我们认为这些真理都是不言自明的,所有的人生来都是平等的3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.有些人持这种观点,互联网是一种诅咒。
4 Museums play a role of education for the simple reason that they provide people with a good opportunity to have a deeper understanding of their own country's tradition and cultures.博物馆发挥教育的作用,原因很简单,他们为人们提供一个很好的机会,对自己国家的传统和文化有更深的了解。
语法讲解一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等(一般的抽象名词都可用)。
I’ve com e from Mr. Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。
连接副词how ,when ,where等。
(注:if ,which 不能引导同位语从句。
)He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
同位语从句-引导词同位语从句的引导词,引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。
1. 连词that引导同位语从句(注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略)The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。
(作idea的同位语)【注意1】在某些名词(如demand ,wish ,suggestion ,resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2. 连词whether引导同位语从句(注:if不能引导同位语从句)The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句,但if不能引导同位语从句。
3.其它引导词引导的同位语从句连接代词what ,who ,whom ,whose,引导同位语从句1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。
(what作定语)2).The question who will take his place is still not clear. (who作主语)4. 连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词when ,where ,how ,whyWe haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。
先行词1.定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于idea,plan,fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question,thought,belief,conclusion等少数名词。
例如:①The boy who is playing football is my classmate.②Those who work hard will succeed.③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.④The fact that you are talking about is important.在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,其先行词是名词boy,它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。
在②句中,划线部分也是定语从句,其先行词是代词those,代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。
在③句中,划线部分是同位语从句,其先行词是名词fact,它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词,④句便是一例。
句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。
2.when,where,why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词,而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。
例如:①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.②I have no idea when she will be back.在①句中,划线部分是when引导的定语从句,其先行词day是表示时间的名词;在②句中,划线部分是when引导的同位语从句,其先行词idea则不是表示时间的词。
引导词定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个:that,when,where,why。
下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。
1.引导词that引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成分,并且在意义上代表先行词;引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用。
不能省略。
例如:①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting.②We heard the news that our team had won.在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,在意义上指代先行词news。
在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,that没有任何意义,只起连接作用。
2.引导词when,where,why引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式;引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式。
例如:①I will never forget the day when I joined the army.②We have no idea when she was born.在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,when在从句中作状语,它可以转换成on which的形式;在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,when在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式。
③This is the house where I lived two years ago.④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held.在③句中,划线部分是定语从句,where在从句中作状语,它可以转换成in which的形式;在④句中,划线部分是同位语从句,where在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式。
⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting.⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent.在⑤句中,划线部分是定语从句,why在从句中作状语,它可以转换成for which的形式;在⑥句中,划线部分是同位语从句,why在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式。
一、同位语从句在句中的位置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午可能不能来看你了。
2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
二、同位语从句前名词的形式同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来?三、同位语从句的语气在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。