最新-高二年级第一学期期中考试试题 精品
高二年级第一学期期中试卷题目
⾼⼆年级第⼀学期期中试卷题⽬ 我们学习好了英语对我们出社会和考⼤学都是⾮常的有⽤的,今天⼩编就给⼤家整理⼀下英语⾼⼆英语,希望的来阅读哦 描述⾼⼆英语上学期期中联考试题 第⼀部分听⼒ (共两节,满分20分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录⾳内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第⼀节 (共5⼩题;每⼩题1分,满分5分) 听下⾯5段对话。
每段对话后有⼀个⼩题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关⼩题和阅读下⼀⼩题。
每段对话仅读⼀遍。
1. What is the woman doing now? A. Watching TV. B. Taking part in an activity. C. Preparing for an exam. 2. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. In a store. C. In a hotel. 3. When will the speakers meet? A. At 6:20. B. At 6:10. C. At 5:40. 4. In which country does Jane want to spend her holiday? A. America. B. Korea. C. Japan. 5. What do we know about the woman? A. She is fired. B. She didn’t work hard. C. She can take a day off tomorrow. 第⼆节(共15⼩题;每⼩题1分,满分15分) 听下⾯5段对话或独⽩。
每段对话或独⽩后有⼏个⼩题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
天津市2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题(含答案,无听力原文及音频)
天津市2024-2025学年度第一学期期中学情调研高二年级英语学科本试卷分共100分,考试时间为100分钟。
答卷前,请务必将自己的姓名、考号、座位号填写在答题卡上相应位置。
答卷时,务必将答案涂写在答题卡上,答在试卷上的无效。
考试结束后,将答题卡和答题纸一并收回。
祝各位同学考试顺利!第Ⅰ卷 (共65分)第一部分:听力理解 (共15 小题;每小题0.5分,满分7.5分)第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want to know?A. Where the woman works out.B. How the woman stays fit.C. How to stay healthy.2. What is the man interested in?A. Whether people in China bargain everywhere.B. How to get a better price when doing the shopping in China.C. Where Chinese people usually go shopping.3. What's the most probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Old friends.B. Boss and secretary.C. Colleagues.4. What do we know about the woman?A. She is severely stressed.B. She is the man's doctor.C. She falls asleep easily.5. When was the woman scheduled to go to China at first?A. This Friday.B. This Saturday.C. This Sunday第二节听下面几段材料。
【高二上物理】浙江省杭州北斗联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期期中联考物理试题(解析版)
2023学年第一学期杭州北斗联盟期中联考高二年级物理学科试题考生须知:1.本卷共8页满分100分,考试时间90分钟。
2.答题前,在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。
3.所有答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后,只需上交答题纸。
选择题部分一、选择题I(本题共13小题,每小题3分,共39分。
每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,不选、多选、错选均不得分)1. 下列物理量中为标量的是()A. 加速度B. 库仑力C. 电势D. 电场强度【答案】C【解析】【详解】A.加速度是既有大小又有方向的矢量,故A错误;B.库仑力是既有大小又有方向的矢量,故B错误;C.电势是只有大小没有方向的标量,故C正确;D.电场强度是既有大小又有方向的矢量,故D错误。
故选C。
2. 用国际单位制的基本单位表示电场强度的单位,下列正确的是()A. N/CB. V/mC. kg•m/(C•s2)D. kg•m/(A•s3)【答案】D【解析】【详解】电场强度FEq,电场力的单位为N,电量的单位为C,所以电场强度的单位是N/C,而23/1/11/kg m s N C kg m A s A s⋅==⋅⋅⋅,D 正确.3. 杭州第19届亚运会将于2023年9月23日-10月8日在杭州举行,下列有关运动项目的描述正确的是( )A. 自行车比赛中,研究自行车车轮的转动时自行车可视为质点B. 篮球比赛中,篮球在空中飞行和进篮时惯性不变C. 跳水运动员下落时,运动员看到水面迎面扑来,是选择水面为参考系的缘故D. 蹦床比赛中,运动员刚接触蹦床时的速度最大 【答案】B 【解析】【详解】A .自行车比赛中,研究自行车车轮的转动时,自行车大小形状不可忽略,不可视为质点,故A 错误;B .篮球比赛中,篮球在空中飞行和进篮时质量不变,惯性不变,故B 正确;C .跳水运动员下落时,运动员看到水面迎面扑来,是自己为参考系的缘故,故C 错误;D .蹦床比赛中,运动员刚接触蹦床时重力大于蹦床的弹力,继续下降,当其重力等于蹦床的弹力时,速度最大,故D 错误。
高二上学期期中考试语文试卷及参考答案
高二上学期期中考试语文试卷及参考答案第一学期期中考试高二年级语文试卷分值:150分时间:150分钟一、名篇名句默写(每空1分,共10分)1.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
1)___在《陈情表》中,陈述自己家没有什么亲属、仆人的实情的句子是“臣本无父。
”2)___在《陈情表》中以乌鸦反哺比喻要守孝道的句子是“以孝治国。
”3)___在《游褒禅山记》里认为,古人看各种风景,都有心得,其原因是“心之所往。
”4)___在《报任安书》中,为表明只有卓越超群不同一般的人才能名传后世,举了很多历史人物的事例,其中举___和___的例子的两句是“世之奇伟、瑰怪、非常之名。
帝王将相。
”5)我们一般用___《报任安书》“天下英雄所见略同”的三句话来概括___写《史记》的目的。
二、语言文字运用(每小题3分,共12分)2.下面加点词语注音全都正确的一项是()(3分)A。
可汗 kè hán 瞋目chēn mù 床蓐 rù / 覆校无疑 jiào wú yí/ 老校退卒 xiàoB。
拔擢 zhuó砧板 z hēn 彘肩 zhì / 剌谬 miào / 戮力 lù lìC。
揾泪 wèn 刀俎jǔ 玉玦quē 目眦尽裂 zì / 恣卒为暴 zì cùwéi bàoD。
籼稻shān dào 车骑 jì / 盘桓 huán / 责臣逋慢bū / 吾未晡食bǔ3.下面加点词语运用不正确的一项是()(3分)A。
跨进新年,深圳正以勃勃英姿,在改革开放的道路上阔步前进。
B。
他根据自己的实践,以科学家的胆识和眼光断定杂交水稻研究具有光辉的前景,决心义无反顾地坚持研究。
C。
除了你的善良的精神以外,身无长物,我恭维了你又有什么好处呢?D。
上外版英语高二上学期期中试卷与参考答案
上外版英语高二上学期期中模拟试卷与参考答案一、听力第一节(本大题有5小题,每小题1.5分,共7.5分)1、Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to the question you hear. Question: What is the main topic of the conversation?A. The man’s favorite sports team.B. The upcoming school sports day.C. The woman’s participation in a sports club.Answer: BExplanation: The conversation revolves around the woman’s plan to participate in the school sports day, indicating that the main topic is indeed the upcoming event.2、Listen to the dialogue and answer the question you hear.Question: How does the man feel about the weather?A. He is excited about the sunny weather.B. He is not happy with the rainy weather.C. He doesn’t mind the weather as long as it’s not too hot.Answer: BExplanation: The man expresses his disappointment in the rainy weather, suggesting that he is not happy with it.3、What does the woman imply when she says “You know, it’s not as easyas it looks.”A)The man should not try to do it.B)The task is more complicated than it seems.C)It will take longer than they expect.D)It’s not worth the effort.Answer: BExplanation: The phrase “not as easy as it looks” suggests that something is more difficult than it appears to be. Therefore, the woman implies that the task is more complicated than it seems.4、Why does the man say he will have to pass the exam even if he is not a student?A)He needs the credit for his college degree.B)He is taking the exam for his job.C)He is supporting his family through his studies.D)He is attending the exam as a hobby.Answer: AExplanation: The man’s statement about passing the exam implies that it is part of a requirement for his college degree. Therefore, he needs the credit for his academic progress.5、You will hear a conversation between two students about their weekend plans. Listen carefully and answer the question.Question: How many hours will the girl spend on her part-time job on Saturday?Answer: 7 hoursExplanation: In the conversation, the girl mentions that she has to work for 7 hours on Saturday, which is the duration of her part-time job.二、听力第二节(本大题有15小题,每小题1.5分,共22.5分)1、Listen to the conversation and answer the question.A. The man is a student in his first year at Shanghai International Studies University.B. The woman is the student’s tutor at the university.C. They are discussing the student’s performance in the first semester.D. They are planning a trip to Shanghai Disneyland.Question: Who is the woman in the conversation?Answer: B. The woman is the student’s tutor at the university.Explanation: The key to this question is in the context of the conversation. The woman addresses the man as “you” and refers to herself as “your tutor,” which indicates that she is in a mentoring role, likely a tutor.2、Listen to the dialogue and complete the sentence with the missing word.W: I can’t believe it’s already November. It feels like just yesterday we were saying goodbye to the summer.M: Yeah, time flies. Speaking of which, how are you doing with your midterm exams?W: (pause) I’m feeling a bit nervous about them. I’m not sure if I’ve prepared well enough.Question: How does the woman feel about the midterm exams?Answer: Nervous.Explanation: The woma n explicitly states, “I’m feeling a bit nervous about them,” which directly answers the question about her feelings regarding the exams.3.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans. Listen to the conversation and answer the following question.Question: What does the male student plan to do on Saturday?A. Go to the movies.B. Visit a museum.C. Stay at home and relax.Answer: C. Stay at home and relax.Explanation: In the conversation, the male student mentions that he doesn’t have any plans for Saturday and would rather stay at home and relax.4.You will hear a short interview with a famous author. Listen to the interview and answer the following question.Question: Why does the author prefer to write in the morning?A. Because she is more creative in the morning.B. Because she has less distractions in the morning.C. Because she is less tired in the morning.Answer: B. Because she has less distractions in the morning.Explanation: During the interview, the author explains that she prefers towrite in the morning because it’s when she has fewer distractions, allowing her to focus better on her writing.5.You hear a conversation between two students, Alice and Bob, discussing their midterm exam preparation. Listen and answer the following question: Question: How does Alice feel about the midterm exam?A. ExcitedB. NervousC. IndifferentD. ConfidentAnswer: B. NervousExplanation: In the conversation, Alice mentions, “I’m really nervous about the midterm,” indicating her anxiety regarding the exam.6.You hear a teacher, Mr. Green, explaining a concept to his class before the midterm. Listen and answer the following question:Question: What is Mr. Green’s main advice to the students for the upcoming exam?A. To focus on the most difficult topics.B. To review the material regularly.C. To study late into the night.D. To avoid studying altogether.Answer: B. To review the material regularly.Explanation: Mr. Green says, “The most important thing is to review thematerial regularly so you’re not overwhelmed on the day of the exam,” which suggests that consistent review is his recommended approach.7.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing a school project. Listen to the conversation and answer the question.What is the main topic of the school project?A. A science fair experimentB. A literature review on a famous novelC. A research paper on climate changeD. A historical reenactmentAnswer: BExplanation: The conversation mentions that they are working on a “comprehensive literature review of the various interpretations of the novel,” which indicates that the main topic is a literature review on a famous novel.8.You will hear a short lecture about the importance of teamwork in the workplace. Listen to the lecture and answer the question.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of teamwork according to the lecture?A. Increased creativityB. Improved problem-solving abilitiesC. Enhanced communication skillsD. Reduced individual workloadAnswer: DExplanation: The lecture discusses how teamwork leads to increased creativity, improved problem-solving, and enhanced communication skills. However, it does not mention that teamwork reduces the individual workload as a benefit.9.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing a school project. Listen and answer the question.Question: What is the project about?A) A science fairB) A cultural exchangeC) A history presentationD) A music festivalAnswer: B) A cultural exchangeExplanation: Th e conversation mentions “we are planning a cultural exchange project,” which indicates the topic of the project is a cultural exchange.10.You will hear a short announcement about a school event. Listen and answer the question.Question: When will the event take place?A) This Friday at 2 PMB) Next Tuesday at 3 PMC) This Saturday at 4 PMD) Next Wednesday at 2 PMAnswer: A) This Friday at 2 PMExplanation: The announcement clearly states, “The event will be held this Friday at 2 PM in the school auditoriu m.”11.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans. Listen and answer the following question.What does the student say they will do on Saturday?A)Go shopping with a friend.B)Attend a sports event.C)Stay at home and watch movies.Answer: C) Stay at home and watch movies.Explanation: In the conversation, the student mentions that they have no plans for Saturday and would rather stay at home and watch movies.12.You will hear a short lecture about the effects of climate change on wildlife. Listen and answer the following question.What is one significant effect of climate change mentioned in the lecture?A)Increased food availability for wildlife.B)The migration patterns of animals shifting.C) A decrease in the number of polar bears.Answer: B) The migration patterns of animals shifting.Explanation: The lecture discusses how climate change is causing the migration patterns of animals to change, which can disrupt their natural habitats and food sources.13.You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans. Listen carefully and answer the question.What activity does the second student plan to do on Saturday afternoon?A)Go to the movies.B)Visit a friend.C)Go for a hike.Answer: B) Visit a friend.Explanation: In the conversation, the second student mentions that they have plans to visit a friend on Saturday afternoon.14.You will hear a short lecture about the importance of exercise. Listen carefully and answer the question.According to the lecture, what is one of the benefits of regular exercise?A)Improved memory.B)Better sleep.C)Increased appetite.Answer: B) Better sleep.Explanation: The lecturer discusses how regular exercise can lead to better sleep quality, which is one of the benefits mentioned.15.How many students are studying at the university library on a sunny weekend?A. 200B. 300C. 400D. 500Answer: BExplanation: The conversation between two students discussing their weekend plans mentions that there are about 300 students at the library, which is a common spot for studying on sunny weekends. Therefore, the correct answer is B. 300.三、阅读第一节(第1题7.5分,其余每题10分,总37.5分)第一题Reading PassageIn the small coastal town of Porthkerry, the local community has always valued its rich history and natural beauty. The town is known for its stunning cliffs, picturesque beaches, and a vibrant local culture. One of the most iconic landmarks in the town is the Porthkerry Castle, which has stood for over 800 years.The castle was built in the 13th century by the de Braose family, a prominent noble family at the time. Over the centuries, it has been home to many different owners, each leaving their mark on the structure and the surrounding area. The castle has witnessed battles, royal visits, and the daily lives of ordinary people.Today, the Porthkerry Castle is a museum and a popular tourist destination. It houses a collection of historical artifacts, including weaponry, furniture, and paintings. The castle grounds are also home to a variety of plants and animals, making it a haven for nature lovers.1.What is the main purpose of the Porthkerry Castle today?A. It is a residential home for a noble family.B. It is a museum and a tourist destination.C. It is a center for educational workshops.D. It is a military base.2.Who built the Porthkerry Castle in the 13th century?A. The de Braose familyB. The King of EnglandC. The local villagersD. A famous architect3.What has the Porthkerry Castle witnessed over the centuries?A. Only battles and royal visitsB. The daily lives of ordinary peopleC. The construction of new buildingsD. The expansion of the town4.What is one of the attractions for nature lovers at the Porthkerry Castle?A. The historical artifactsB. The paintings in the museumC. The variety of plants and animalsD. The stunning cliffsAnswers:1.B2.A3.B4.C第二题Passage:The following is a story about the importance of teamwork.In a small town, there was a race scheduled between two teams: the Lightning Team and the Thunder Team. Both teams were known for their competitiveness and were equally matched. The race was set to take place on a sunny Saturday morning, and the entire town was buzzing with excitement.The Lightning Team had a star runner, Alex, who was known for his speed and determination. The Thunder Team had a strong team spirit, with each member contributing to the overall effort. The team captain, Jamie, was a master strategist and knew how to maximize the team’s potential.On the day of the race, the weather was perfect. The crowd gathered at the starting line, eager to see who would win. The race began, and the Lightning Team took an early lead. However, the Thunder Team was not to be outdone. Jamie had planned the strategy well, and each member of the team played their part perfectly.As the race progressed, the teams exchanged leads several times. The crowd cheered loudly for both teams, but it was clear that the race was coming down to the wire. With only a few meters to go, the Lightning Team seemed to have the upper hand. But then, disaster struck. Alex tripped over his own shoelaceand fell to the ground.The crowd gasped in shock. The Lightning Team was in disarray, and it looked like the Thunder Team would win. But instead of celebrating, the Thunder Team members rushed to help Alex. They formed a human chain and lifted him to his feet. With renewed determination, Alex and the Thunder Team member who had helped him continued the race.In the end, the Thunder Team won the race by a mere second. The crowd erupted in cheers, and the entire town was filled with a sense of camaraderie and joy. The Lightning Team was gracious in defeat, and the Thunder Team was hailed as heroes.This race taught the town an important lesson: teamwork can overcome individual setbacks and lead to unexpected victories.Questions:1、What was the main theme of the story?A) The importance of speed in a raceB) The power of teamworkC) The importance of individual talentD) The unpredictability of a race2、Who was the star runner on the Lightning Team?A) JamieB) AlexC) The team captainD) A member of the Thunder Team3、What strategy did Jamie use to help the Thunder Team win the race?A) He focused on improving the speed of his team membersB) He encouraged individual efforts from each team memberC) He planned for potential setbacks and had backup strategiesD) He tried to distract the Lightning Team4、How did the Thunder Team’s victory affect the town?A) It caused a lot of conflict and argumentB) It brought the town closer togetherC) It led to increased competition between the teamsD) It resulted in a decrease in town spiritAnswers:1、B2、B3、C4、B第三题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.In the small coastal town of Amble, the local library has been a hub of community activity for decades. Known for its vast collection of books and friendly staff, the library has played a significant role in the lives of its residents. However, with the advent of digital technology and e-books, thelibrary’s future seemed uncertain.Last year, the library’s director, Sarah Miller, noticed a decline in the number of visitors. She decided to take action and launched a new initiative aimed at attracting young people to the library. The program, called “Read & Win,” offered prizes for students who r ead a certain number of books during the school year. The prizes ranged from small gadgets to gift cards for local bookstores.Sarah’s initiative paid off. The number of young people visiting the library increased significantly. Many students expressed their gratitude for the program, saying it not only encouraged them to read more but also helped them connect with other book lovers in the community.1、What was the main concern of the library director, Sarah Miller?A. The lack of digital technology in the libraryB. The declining number of visitorsC. The outdated collection of booksD. The high cost of maintaining the library2、What was the purpose of the “Read & Win” program?A. To reduce the library’s budgetB. To encourage students to read moreC. To promote the sale of e-booksD. To attract tourists to the town3、How did the “Read & Win” program affect the library?A. It decreased the number of visitorsB. It increased the number of visitorsC. It improved the library’s financial situationD. It led to the closure of the library4、What did many students say about the “Read & Win” program?A. It was too expensive for themB. It did not encourage them to read moreC. It helped them connect with other book loversD. It was not as effective as expectedAnswers:1、B2、B3、B4、CFourth QuestionRead the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions that follow. You will find the answers immediately after each question.Passage:In an age where technology seems to be taking over every aspect of our lives, there remains one activity that has not been overshadowed by digital advancements: reading traditional books. Despite the popularity of e-books andaudiobooks, many people still prefer the tactile experience of holding a physical book and turning its pages. This preference for traditional books is not only due to nostalgia but also because of the unique benefits they offer.A recent study conducted by the National Reading Agency found that individuals who read physical books tend to have a better memory of the content compared to those who read the same material on digital devices. Furthermore, there is a growing concern about the impact of screen time on sleep patterns, with research suggesting that reading from screens before bedtime can negatively affect the quality of sleep. Physical books, on the other hand, do not emit blue light which can disrupt melatonin production, thus helping readers get a good night’s rest.Moreover, libraries and bookstores continue to thrive as communal spaces where people gather to share ideas and engage in discussions about literature. The atmosphere in these places fosters a sense of community and a love for reading that cannot be replicated online. While digital media offers convenience and access to a vast amount of information, it does not replace the unique experience of visiting a library or bookstore.In conclusion, while technology offers many conveniences, the tradition of reading physical books remains strong. It provides a way to disconnect from the digital world, improve memory retention, and foster social connections within communities.End of PassageQuestions:1、According to the passage, what is one benefit of reading physical books over digital devices?Answer: Better memory retention of the content.2、What potential negative effect on health is associated with reading from screens before bedtime?Answer: Disruption of sleep quality due to blue light affecting melatonin production.3、How do libraries and bookstores contribute to community life according to the text?Answer: They serve as communal spaces where people gather to share ideas and engage in discussions about literature.4、What does the passage suggest about the future of physical books despite technological advances?Answer: Physical books will remain significant as they offer ways to disconnect, improve memory, and foster social connections.四、阅读第二节(12.5分)Title: The Art of MeditationReading Passage:Meditation has been a part of human culture for thousands of years, serving as a means for relaxation, stress reduction, and spiritual growth. Its originscan be traced back to ancient India, where it was practiced by sages and monks to achieve enlightenment. Over time, meditation has spread across the world, gaining popularity in various forms, such as mindfulness, transcendental meditation, and yoga.One of the most common types of meditation is mindfulness meditation, which involves paying attention to the present moment and accepting it without judgment. This form of meditation can be practiced anywhere, at any time, and does not require any special equipment. It is particularly useful for individuals looking to improve their focus, reduce anxiety, and increase their overall sense of well-being.Mindfulness meditation i s based on the concept of being aware of one’s thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations. It encourages individuals to observe their experiences without getting caught up in them. By practicing mindfulness, one can learn to let go of negative thoughts and emotions, leading to a more peaceful and balanced state of mind.Here is a brief guide on how to practice mindfulness meditation:1.Find a quiet and comfortable place to sit or lie down.2.Close your eyes and take a few deep breaths to relax.3.Focus on your breath, noticing the sensation of air entering and leaving your nostrils.4.When your mind starts to wander, gently bring your attention back to your breath.5.Continue this practice for 5 to 10 minutes, or as long as you feel comfortable.Question:What is the primary purpose of mindfulness meditation?A)To achieve enlightenmentB)To improve focus and reduce anxietyC)To practice yogaD)To increase spiritual growthAnswer: B) To improve focus and reduce anxiety五、语言运用第一节 _ 完形填空(15分)Cloze Test (完形填空)Directions: For this part, you are going to read a passage with 15 blanks. Choose the best word or phrase from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D for each blank. There is only one correct answer for each blank.Passage:The world of the internet has transformed our lives in countless ways. It has made information more accessible than ever before, connecting people across the globe in real-time. However, it also poses new challenges and risks. One of these is the increasing amount of misinformation that can be found online. While the internet is undoubtedly a valuable tool for learning and communication, it requires users to develop critical thinking skills to discern fact fromfiction. This ability is particularly important for young people who have grown up with easy access to technology but may lack the experience necessary to judge the 1 of the information they encounter.In addition to being able to evaluate the credibility of online content, digital literacy involves understanding the importance of privacy and security measures when using the web. Sharing personal details on social media platforms can make individuals vulnerable to identity theft and other forms of cybercrime. Therefore, it is essential to educate children about the risks associated with 2 too much personal information online.Another challenge of the digital age is the potential for addiction to electronic devices and the internet itself. The constant connectivity can lead to a feeling of being overwhelmed by the constant influx of 3. This is why many experts recommend setting boundaries around screen time and encouraging alternative activities that promote mental well-being.Despite these challenges, the internet remains a powerful force for good, providing opportunities for collaboration, innovation, and learning. By teaching students how to use it responsibly, we can help ensure they benefit from its advantages while avoiding its pitfalls.Now choose the best option to complete the passage:1.A. quantity B. quality C. quantity D. availability2.A. sharing B. hiding C. collecting D. deleting3.A. emails B. letters C. information D. stimuliKey:1.B. quality2.A. sharing3.D. stimuliThis exercise tests students’ comprehension of the passage as well as their vocabulary and grammar usage. The context here relates to the impact of the internet on modern life, which is a relevant topic for today’s youth.六、语言运用第二节 _ 语法填空(15分)Language Usage Section II: Grammar CompletionReading Passage:When it comes to learning a new language, many people struggle to find the right balance between memorization and practice. One effective method is to immerse yourself in the language by watching movies, listening to music, and reading books. This not only helps you get accustomed to the pronunciation and intonation but also exposes you to a wide range of vocabulary and expressions.However, it is important to note that simply listening and watching is not enough. You need to actively engage with the language by speaking and writing. Try to find a language exchange partner or join a conversation group to practice speaking. This will not only improve your speaking skills but also help you gain confidence in using the language in real-life situations.When it comes to writing, start by keeping a daily journal in the targetlanguage. This will help you practice your writing skills and keep track of your progress. Don’t worry if you make mistakes; they are an essential part of the learning process. The key is to be consistent and not be afraid to make mistakes.In conclusion, the key to mastering a new language is to find the right balance between memorization and practice. By immersing yourself in the language, actively engaging with it, and being patient and persistent, you will eventually achieve your goals.Grammar Completion:Choose the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the following sentences. Write the letter corresponding to your answer in the blanks.1.One effective method is to________yourself in the language by watching movies, listening to music, and reading books.a)immerseb)immersec)immersedd)immersing2.This not only helps you get________to the pronunciation and intonation but also exposes you to a wide range of vocabulary and expressions.a)accustomedb)accustomedc)accustomedd)accustomed3.Try to find a language exchange partner or join a________to practice speaking.a)conversation groupb)conversation groupc)conversation groupd)conversation group4.This will not only improve your speaking skills but also help you gain________in using the language in real-life situations.a)confidenceb)confidencec)confidenced)confidence5.When it comes to writing, start by keeping a daily journal in the target language. This will help you practice your________skills and keep track of your progress.a)readingb)readingc)readingd)reading6.Don’t worry if you make mistakes; they are an essential part of the________process.a)learningb)learningc)learningd)learning7.The key to mastering a new language is to find the right balancebetween________and practice.a)memorizationb)memorizationc)memorizationd)memorization8.By immersing yourself in the language, actively engaging with it, and being patient and ________, you will eventually achieve your goals.a)persistentb)persistentc)persistentd)persistent9.This method is especially useful for those who are________in learning a new language.a)motivatedb)motivatedc)motivatedd)motivated10.It is important to note that simply listening and watching is not enough; you need to actively engage with the language by________and writing.a)speakingb)speakingc)speakingd)speakingAnswers:1.a) immerse2.b) accustomed3.a) conversation group4.b) confidence5.a) reading6.a) learning7.a) memorization8.d) persistent9.b) motivated10.a) speaking七、写作第一节 _ 应用文写作(15分)Writing Part I: Practical WritingDirections: Write an appropriate response to the following situation in no less than 80 words. Your writing should be clear, well-organized, and appropriate to the context.Scenario:Your school has recently organized a cultural exchange program with a sister school in the UK. You have been chosen to host a student from the UK for one week. Write an email to your guest introducing yourself and offering some suggestions for activities during their stay.To:SarahThompson(*****************************.uk)From:。
最新人教版高二上册物理期中考试试题(附答案)
最新人教版高二上册物理期中考试试题(附答案)一、选择题(1~10题为单项选择题,11~15题为多项选择题,每题4分,共60分,多项选择题中漏选得2分,多选或错选不得分,请将答案填写在答题卷中) 1.关于元电荷的下列说法中错误的是( )A .元电荷实质上是指电子和质子本身B .所有带电体的电荷量一定等于元电荷的整数倍C .元电荷的值通常取e =1.60×10-19CD .电荷量e 的数值最早是由美国科学家密立根用实验测得的2.有甲、乙两导体,甲的横截面积是乙的2倍,而单位时间内通过导体横截面的电荷量,乙是甲的2倍,则下列说法中正确的是( )A .甲、乙两导体的电流相同B .乙导体的电流是甲导体的2倍C .乙导体中自由电荷定向移动的速率是甲导体的2倍D .甲、乙两导体中自由电荷定向移动的速率大小相等3.如图是描述对给定的电容器充电时电荷量Q 、电压U 、电容C 之间相互关系的图像,其中错误的是( )4.A 、B 、C 三点在同一直线上,AB ∶BC =1∶2,B 点位于A 、C 之间,在B 处固定一电荷量为Q 的点电荷.当在A 处放一电荷量为+q 的点电荷时,它所受到的静电力为F ;移去A 处电荷,在C 处放一电荷量为-2q 的点电荷,其所受静电力为( )A .-F2B .F2C .-FD .F5.如图所示,两个等量异种点电荷的连线和其中垂线上有a 、b 、c 三点,下列说法正确的是( )A .a 点电势比b 点电势高B .a 、b 两点的场强方向相同,b 点场强比a 点场强小C .b 点电势比c 点电势高,场强方向相同D .一个电子仅在电场力作用下不可能沿如图所示的曲线轨迹从a 点运动到c 点6.一负电荷从电场中A 点静止释放,只受电场力作用,沿电场线运动到B 点,它运动的v t 图像如图所示,则A 、B 两点所在区域的电场线分布情况可能是下图中的( )7.如图所示,电阻R1=20 Ω,电动机的内阻R 2=10 Ω。
【高二上数学】浙江省9+1高中联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试数学试题(解析版)
2023学年第一学期浙江省9+1高中联盟高二年级期中考试数学考生须知:1.本卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟;2.答题前,在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场、座位号及准考证号并核对条形码信息;3.所有答案必须写在答题卷上,写在试卷上无效,考试结束后,只需上交答题卷; 4.参加联批学校的学生可关注“启望教育”公众号查询个人成绩分析.一.单项选择题(本大题共8个小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1. 直线310x +−=的倾斜角是( ) A.π3B.2π3C.π6D.5π6【答案】D 【解析】【分析】将直线方程化为斜截式,从而得到直线的斜率与倾斜角. 【详解】直线310x −=,即3333y x =−+,则直线的斜率33k =−, 所以倾斜角为5π6. 故选:D2. 若复数z 满足:()12i 8i z +=+,则复数z 的虚部为( ) A. 3− B. 2C. 3D. 3i −【答案】A 【解析】【分析】先根据复数的除法运算求解出z ,然后判断出z 的虚部即可. 【详解】因为()12i 8i z +=+,所以()()()()8i 12i 8i 816i i 223i 12i 12i 12i 5z +−+−++====−++−, 所以z 的虚部为3−, 故选:A.3. “1x <”是“ln 0x <”成立的A. 充分不必要条件B. 必要不充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件【答案】B 【解析】【详解】由ln 0x < ,解得01x << ,所以“1x <”是“ln 0x <”成立的必要不充分条件.故选B. 4. 若函数()()cos 2f x x φ=+的图象关于直线56πx =−对称,则ϕ的最小值是( ) A.4π3B.2π3C. π3 D. π6【答案】C 【解析】【分析】利用余弦函数的对称轴列式,计算即可得解.【详解】由题意555cos π1ππ,Z ππ,Z 333k k k k ϕϕϕ⎛⎫−+=±⇒−+=∈⇒=+∈ ⎪⎝⎭ϕ⇒=⋅⋅⋅,4π3−,π3−,2π3,5π3,…,则ϕ的最小值是π3,故选:C.5. 在直三棱柱111ABCA B C 中,1,,,AB BC AB BC AA D E ⊥==分别为,AC BC 的中点,则异面直线1C D 与1B E 所成角的余弦值为( )A.33B.5 C.1010D.3010【答案】D 【解析】【分析】设2AB =,取11A B 的中点F ,连接1,,C F DF DE ,则可得1C DF ∠为异面直线1C D 与1B E 所成的角或补角,然后在1C DF 中求解即可.【详解】设2AB =,取11A B 的中点F ,连接1,,C F DF DE ,则11112B F A B = 因为,D E 分别为,AC BC 的中点,所以DE ∥AB ,12DE AB =, 因为11A B ∥AB ,11A B AB =,所以DE ∥1B F ,1B F DE =, 所以四边形1DEB F 为平行四边形,所以DF ∥1B E , 所以1C DF ∠为异面直线1C D 与1B E 所成的角或补角.因为1,,2,AB BC AB BC AA D E =⊥==分别为,AC BC 的中点, 所以()222222111125,125,226DF B E C F C D ==+==+==+=,所以11163022cos 5C DC DF DF ∠===. 故选:D6. 若关于x 的不等式()2190x m x −++≤在[]1,4上有解,则实数m 的最小值为( )A. 9B. 5C. 6D.214【答案】B 【解析】【分析】先通过分离参数得到91m x x +≥+,然后利用基本不等式求解出9x x+的最小值,则m 的最小值可求.【详解】因为()2190x m x −++≤在[]1,4上有解,所以91m x x+≥+在[]1,4上有解, 所以[]()min 911,4m x x x ⎛⎫+≥+∈⎪⎝⎭,又因为9926x x x x+≥⋅=,当且仅当9x x =即3x =时取等号,所以16m +≥,所以5m ≥,即m 的最小值为5, 故选:B.7. 设椭圆1C :()222210x y a b a b +=>>与双曲线2C :22221x ya b−=的离心率分别为1e ,2e ,且双曲线2C 的渐近线的斜率小于155,则21e e 的取值范围是( )A. ()1,4B. ()4,+∞C. ()1,2D. ()2,+∞【答案】C 【解析】【分析】由双曲线的渐近线的斜率小于155,即可得出22305b a <<,由此即可求出21e e 的取值范围,从而求解【详解】由题意得,221c a b =−222c a b =+所以22221112221c c a b b e a a a a −====−22222222221c c a b b e a a a a+====+又因为双曲线的渐近线的斜率小于155,得222305b k a <=<,所以222212101b e a e b a+=>−,即()2222211211,411e k e k k ⎛⎫+==−+∈ ⎪−−⎝⎭,得()211,2e e ∈,故C 正确. 故选:C.8. 如图,四棱锥P ABCD −中,//AB CD ,22AB CD ==,ACD 是正三角形,PA AC ⊥,平面PAC ⊥平面PBC ,若点F 是PAD 所在平面内的动点,且满足2FA FD +=,点E 是棱PC (包含端点)上的动点,则当直线AE 与CD 所成角取最小值时,线段EF 的长度不可能为( )A.5 B.62C.264D.72【答案】A 【解析】【分析】由三余弦定理确定直线AE 与CD 所成角取最小值时点E 的位置,根据椭圆定义确定F 点的轨迹,在平面PAD 内,以O 为坐标原点,DA 为x 轴建立平面直角坐标系,求椭圆方程,求OF 范围;因为EO ⊥平面PAD ,所以EO OF ⊥,根据勾股定理求67,22EF. 【详解】三余弦定理:如图直线AB 与平面BOC 相交于点B , 过A 作AO ⊥平面BOC ,垂足为O ,BC 为平面BOC 内一直线, 过O 向BC 引垂线且垂足为C ,连结BO , 因为AO ⊥平面BOC ,AO BO ⊥,AO BC ⊥ 又因为BC OC ⊥,且AO OC O =,所以BC⊥平面AOC ,所以BC AC ⊥所以AOB 90∠=,90OCB ∠=,90ACB ∠=, 设ABO α∠=,ABC β∠=,CBO,cosBCAB ,cos BOAB ,cos BCBO, 所以cos cos cos βαγ=⋅;因为ACD 是正三角形,所以1DC AC ==,60ACD ∠=, 又因为//AB CD ,所以60CAB ∠=,在ABC 中,1AC =,2AB =,60CAB ∠=,由余弦定理有:2222cos 60BC AC AB AC AB ,解得3BC =,满足222AB AC BC =+,所以BC AC ⊥, 过A 作AH PC ⊥于点H ,因为平面PAC ⊥平面PBC ,平面PAC 平面PBC PC =,由面面垂直的性质可知AH BC ⊥, 又AHAC A =,所以BC ⊥平面PAC ;因为AE 与CD 所成的角等于AE 与AB 所成的角设为θ,即EAB θ=∠, 由三余弦定理得:11cos cos cos cos 22EAC CAB EAC θ=∠⋅∠=∠≤,此时E 与C 重合, 设AD 的中点为O ,因为ACD 是正三角形,⊥EO AD , 则222213122EOEAAO, 根据已知条件,点F 的轨迹满足椭圆定义, 设椭圆方程()2222100x y a b a b +=>>,, 因22FAFDa ,所以1a =,因为12AD c ,所以12c =, 因为a c >,所以点F 的轨迹是椭圆,222a b c =+,所以32b =, 在平面PAD 内,以O 为坐标原点,DA 为x 轴建立平面直角坐标系,为为椭圆方程为22413y x +=,设()00,F x y ,则2200413y x ,又因为PA AE ⊥,PA BE ⊥,AE BE E =,所以PA ⊥平面ABCD ,PA EO ⊥,PA AD A ⋂=, 所以EO ⊥平面PAD ,因为EO ⊥平面PAD ,所以EO OF ⊥, 所以222222000371443EFOE OF x y y , 又因为20304y ,所以267174434y , 所以67,22EF, 2426626727284424244故选:A【点睛】三余弦定理的应用,利用椭圆方程求OF 的范围,利用垂直关系转化边长求EF 范围.二.多项选择题(本大题共4个小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每个小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得5分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错或不选的得0分)9. 下列命题正确的是( ) A. 集合{},,A a b c =的子集共有8个B. 若直线1l :10x ay +−=与2l :210a x y −+=垂直,则1a =C. 若221x y +=(x ,R y ∈),则34x y −的最大值为5D. 长、宽、高分别为1、2、3的长方体的外接球的表面积是14π【答案】ACD 【解析】【分析】根据子集的概念求出子集判断A ,利用两直线垂直的公式列式计算判断B ,换元法利用余弦函数的最值判断C ,根据长方体的外接球的直径为体对角线求解半径,代入球的表面积公式计算判断D . 【详解】集合{},,A a b c =的子集有∅,{}a ,{}b ,{}c ,{},a b ,{},a c ,{},b c ,{},,a b c 共8个, 故A 正确;因为直线1l :10x ay +−=与2l :210a x y −+=垂直,则20a a −=, 即()2110a a ⨯+⨯−=,解得0a =或1,故B 错误;由221x y +=设cos x θ=,sin y θ=,则()343cos 4sin 5cos 5x y θθθϕ−=−=+≤, 故C 正确;由长方体的体对角线为其外接球的直径知:222212314R =++=,所以142R =, 所以长方体的外接球的表面积是24π14πS R ==,故D 正确; 故选:ACD10. 已知向量()2,cos a θ=−,()sin ,1b θ=,则下列命题正确的是( ) A. 不存在R θ∈,使得//a b B. 当2tan 2θ=时,a b ⊥ C. 对任意R θ∈,都有a b ≠D. 当3a b ⋅=时,a 在b 方向上的投影向量的模为355【答案】ABD 【解析】【分析】根据向量间运算与三角恒等变换逐项判断即可. 详解】对于A ,若//a b ,则有sin cos 2sin 2221θθθθ=−⇒=−<−⇒不存在,故A 正确;对于B ,若ab ⊥,则【202cos 0tan 2a b θθθ⋅=⇒−+=⇒=,故B 正确; 若22222cos sin 1cos 21a b θθθ=⇒+=+⇒=−,存在θ,故C 不正确;()22sin cos 333,33a b θθθθθϕ⎫⋅=−+=+=+=⎪⎪⎭其中3cos ,sin ,363ϕϕ== 所以()()cos 12π,k Z k θϕθϕ+=⇒+=∈222sin sin 3θϕ⇒==, 2333cos 35551sin a b a bθθ⋅====+,故D 正确; 故选:ABD11. 已知直线l :()()1120x y λλλ++−+=,C :2240x y y +−=,则下列结论正确的是( )A. 直线l 恒过定点()2,4−B. 直线l 与C 必定相交C.C 与1C :2240x y x +−=公共弦所在直线方程y x =D. 当0λ=时,直线l 与C 的相交弦长是2【答案】BC 【解析】【分析】求出直线l 过的定点判断A ;由点与圆的位置关系判断B ;求出公共弦所在直线方程判断C ;利用圆的弦长公式计算判断D.【详解】依题意,直线l :()()20x y x y λ−+++=,由200x y x y −+=⎧⎨+=⎩,解得11x y =−⎧⎨=⎩,直线l 恒过定点()1,1−,A 错误;显然点()1,1−在C 内,则直线l 与C 必定相交,B 正确;C 的圆心(0,2)C ,半径2r =,1C 的圆心1(2,0)C ,半径12r =,111||22(,)CC r r r r =−+,即C 与1C 相交,把两个圆的方程相减得公共弦所在直线方程440y x −+=,即y x =,C 正确;为当0λ=时,直线l :0x y +=,点()0,2C 到直线l 的距离,0222d +==,因此直线l 与C 的相交弦长为22222r d −=,D 错误.故选:BC12. 设椭圆C :2214x y +=的左、右焦点分别为1F 、2F ,椭圆C 的右顶点为A ,点P 、Q 都在椭圆C 上且P 、Q 关于原点对称,直线x m =与椭圆C 相交于点M 、N ,则下列说法正确的是( ) A. 四边形12PFQF 不可能是矩形 B.2PQF 周长的最小值为6C. 直线P A ,QA 的斜率之积为定值14−D. 当2F MN 的周长最大时,2F MN 3 【答案】BCD 【解析】【分析】A :先判断出四边形12PFQF 是平行四边形,然后根据对角线长度的关系判断即可; B :利用椭圆的定义以及PQ 的范围求解出2PQF 周长的最小值;C :利用坐标表示出斜率关系,然后根据点在椭圆上化简运算,从而求得结果;D :将点M 设为(),2πcos ,in 2s πθθθ⎛⎫⎛⎫∈⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,然后表示出2F MN 的周长,结合三角形函数确定出周长最小时θ的值,从而可求面积.【详解】对于A :因为点O 平分12,PQ F F ,所以四边形12PFQF 是平行四边形, 又因为2a =,1b =且[]2,2PQ b a ∈,所以[]221,2,4c a b PQ =−=∈,所以123F F =12PQ F F =有可能成立,故A 不正确; 对于B :因为四边形12PFQF 是平行四边形,所以21QF PF=,所以2PQF 周长为2221246PF QF PQ PF PF PQ a PQ PQ ++=+=+=+≥+,故B 正确; 对于C :因为()2,0A ,设()11,P x y ,所以()11,Q x y −−,所以21211122111141422444AP AQx y y y k k x x x x −−−⋅=⋅===−−−−−−,故C 正确; 对于D :由题意可知()2,0m ∈−,设()π2cos ,πsin ,2M θθθ⎛⎫⎛⎫∈⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,)23,0F ,所以()()()222222cos 3sin 03cos 43cos 43cos 223MF θθθθθθ=−+−=−+=−=,所以2F MN 的周长为π4232sin 44sin 83θθθ⎛⎫−+=+−≤ ⎪⎝⎭,当且仅当πsin 13θ⎛⎫−= ⎪⎝⎭,即ππ5π326θθ−=⇒=时取等号, 所以2112sin 2cos 3123322F MN S θθ=⨯⨯=⨯⨯=△,故D 正确; 故选:BCD.【点睛】关键点点睛:本题考查椭圆性质的综合运用,其中涉及到焦点三角形、定值等问题,着重考查学生的转化与计算能力,难度较大.C 项的解答关键在于表示完斜率乘积后利用点所满足的椭圆方程进行化简计算,D 项的解答关键在于将点的坐标设为三角函数形式,利用三角形函数的取值范围进行分析求解.三.填空题(本大题共4个小题,每小题5分,共20分.把答案填在答题卡相应的横线上)13. 若双曲线221691440x y −−=上一点M 与它的一个焦点的距离为9,则点M 与另一个焦点的距离为________. 【答案】15或3 【解析】【分析】化双曲线方程为标准方程,利用双曲线定义求解.【详解】因为221916x y −=,所以3a =,4b =,5c =,设点M 与另一个焦点的距离为x ,则由双曲线的定义得,926x a −==,解得15x =或3x =. 故答案为:15或314. 已知一个圆锥的侧面积为6π,它的侧面展开图是一个半圆,则此圆锥的体积为___________. 【答案】3π 【解析】【分析】设圆锥的底面半径为r ,母线长为l ,分析得出2l r =,由圆锥的侧面积计算出l 、r 的值,可求得圆锥的高,再利用圆锥的体积公式可求得结果.【详解】设圆锥的底面半径为r ,母线长为l ,则圆锥的底面圆周长为r l 2π=π,可得2l r =, 圆锥的侧面积为226rl r πππ==,解得3r =,23l =, 所以,圆锥的高为223h l r =−=, 因此,该圆锥的体积为21133333V r h πππ==⨯⨯=. 故答案为:3π.15. 若直线l :0x y m ++=与曲线C :29y x =−只有一个公共点,则实数m 的取值范围是________. 【答案】(]{}3,332−−【解析】【分析】先对曲线C 进行变形,可知其表示圆的上半部分,画出曲线C 及直线l ,采用数形结合即可求得结果.【详解】因为曲线2:9C y x =−,可化为()2290x y y +=≥,所以曲线C 是以(0,0)为圆心,3为半径的圆的上半部分,直线:l y x m =−−的斜率为1−,在y 轴上的截距为m −,画图如下:由于直线与曲线只有一个公共点, 由图得:[)(]3,33,3m m −∈−⇒∈−, 当直线l 与圆相切时,则3322m d m ==⇒=±,由图可知32m =−综上:(]3,3m ∈−或32m =−. 故答案为:(]{}3,332−−.16. 已知扇形OPQ 中,半径2r =,圆心角为π02θθ⎛⎫<<⎪⎝⎭,若要在扇形上截取一个面积为1的矩形ABCD ,且一条边在扇形的一条半径上,如图所示,则tan θ的最小值为________.【答案】43【解析】【分析】连接CO ,设COP α∠=,分别用含α的三角函数表示,AB BC ,表示出矩形ABCD 的面积,由矩形面积为1求得tan θ的最小值.【详解】连接CO ,设COP α∠=,则2sin AD BC α==,2cos OB α=,2sin tan tan AD OA αθθ==,2sin 2cos tan AB OB OA ααθ=−=−, 则2sin 2cos 2sin 1tan ABCD S AB BC αααθ⎛⎫=⋅=−⋅= ⎪⎝⎭,则24sin 4sin cos 1tan αααθ−=,即24sin 4sin cos 1tan αααθ=−, 即24sin tan 4sin cos 1αθαα=−24cos cos 41sin sin αααα=⎛⎫−− ⎪⎝⎭, ∴当cos 12tan sin 2ααα=⇒=时,()min 4tan 3θ=,故答案为:43四.解答题(本大题共6个小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17. 已知ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别是a ,b ,c ,且sin 3cos 0b A a B +=. (1)求角B 的大小;(2)若2a =,AC 边上的中线3BD =,求ABC 的面积S . 【答案】(1)2π3(2)23【解析】【分析】(1)由正弦定理统一为角的三角函数,化简即可得解;(2)利用中线的向量性质()12BD BA BC =+,结合余弦定理求出4c =,用面积公式求ABC 的面积 【小问1详解】sin sin 3cos 0sin 3tan 3B A A B B B B =⇒=−⇒=−,因为()0,πB ∈,所以2π3B = 【小问2详解】()2211134222804242BD BA BC c c c c c ⎡⎤⎛⎫=+⇒=++⋅−⇒−−=⇒= ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦113sin 2423222S ac B ⇒==⨯⨯⨯= 18. 亚洲运动会简称亚运会,是亚洲规模最大的综合性运动会,由亚洲奥林匹克理事会的成员国轮流主办,每四年举办一届.1951年第1届亚运会在印度首都新德里举行,七十多年来亚洲运动员已成为世界体坛上一支不可忽视的力量,而中国更是世界的体育大国和亚洲的体育霸主.第19届亚运会于2023年9月23日至10月8日在杭州举办,为普及体育知识,增强群众体育锻炼意识,衢州举办了亚运知识竞赛活动.活动分为男子组和女子组进行,最终决赛男女各有40名选手参加,下图是其中男子组成绩的频率分布直方图(成绩介于85到145之间),(1)求图中缺失部分的直方图的高度,并估算男子组成绩排名第8的选手分数:(2)若计划从男子组中105分以下的选手中随机抽样调查2个同学的答题状况,则抽到的选手中至多有1位是95分以下选手的概率是多少?(3)若女子组40位选手的平均分为117,标准差为11,试求所有选手的平均分和方差. 【答案】(1)0.025;131 (2)1415(3)118;146 【解析】【分析】(1)先求出所有矩形的面积和为1,从而可求缺失部分的面积,根据矩形面积可求得第8名的成绩位于区间125分至135分之间,从而求解;(2)求得105以下合计6个人,对这6人编号后,利用列举法求解; (3)利用平均数和方差的定义求解即可. 【小问1详解】根据题意得:0.050.20.20.3101h ++++=,得:0.025h =,所以:图中缺失部分的直方图的高度0.025h =;因为分数位于135分至145分人数为:0.1404⨯=人,分数位于125分至135分人数:0.254010⨯=,设第8名选手的分数为x ,则:13541010x −=,得:131x =,所以可估算排名第8名选手的分数为131. 【小问2详解】分数105以下人数有:85分至95分人数:0.05402⨯=人,95分至105分人数:0.1404⨯=人,总共:6人,将6人依次编号为1,2,3,4,5,6(95分以下人编号为1,2),任选2个人的方法如下: 列举出所有样本点:12,13,14,15,16,23,24,25,26,34,35,36,45,46,56共计15种,至多有1位是95分以下的选手有14种,所以概率为:1415P =. 【小问3详解】男子组40位选手的平均分:0.05900.11000.21100.31200.251300.1140119y =⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=,所有选手的平均分:1171191182z +==,女子组的方差:2121xS =, 男子组的方差:()2222222901190.05190.190.210.3110.25210.1169y S =−⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=()()222222214014011171214012111740x S x x x x =+⋅⋅⋅+−=⇒+⋅⋅⋅+=+, ()()222222214014011191694016911940y S y y y y =+⋅⋅⋅+−=⇒+⋅⋅⋅+=+,所有选手的方差:()222222222140140112111716911921182901191181171181181468022zS x x y y +++−⨯++−−=+⋅⋅⋅+++⋅⋅⋅+−===综述:所有选手的平均分118z =,所有选手的方差2146z S =.19. 已知双曲线C 的渐近线方程是3y x =±,点()2,3M 在双曲线C 上. (1)求双曲线C 的离心率e 的值;(2)若动直线l :1y kx =+与双曲线C 交于A ,B 两点,问直线MA ,MB 的斜率之和是否为定值?若是,求出该定值;若不是,请说明理由. 【答案】(1)2 (2)是,3 【解析】【分析】(1)根据双曲线的渐近线设出方程,将点的坐标代入求解方程,利用离心率公式直接求解即可; (2)联立方程,韦达定理,代入两斜率之和表达式化简即可求解. 【小问1详解】的由双曲线C 的渐近线方程是3y x =±,故设C :223x y λ−=,因为()2,3M 在双曲线C 上,所以1293λ=−=,所以C :2213y x −=,所以1a =,3b =222c a b =+=,所以2ce a==; 【小问2详解】设()11,A x y ,()22,B x y ,联立22331x y y kx ⎧−=⎨=+⎩得()223240k x kx −−−=,则248120k ∆=−>得24k <且23k ≠,12223kx x k +=−,12243x x k −=−, 又111113132222222MA y kx k k k k k x x x −+−−+−===+−−−, 222223132222222MB y kx k k k k k x x x −+−−+−===+−−−, 所以()121122222MA MBk k k k x x ⎛⎫+=+−+ ⎪−−⎝⎭()()()212121222244322122142424233kx x k k k k k k x x x x k k −+−−=+−=+−−+−++−−−()()()()()()()22222232124262212121341244221k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k k +−−++−=+−=−−=−−=−+−−+−+−.即直线MA ,MB 的斜率之和是3.20. 如图,四棱锥P ABCD −中,底面ABCD 为矩形,4BC =,2PC PD CD ===,M 为AD 的中点.(1)若BM PC ⊥,求证:BM PM ⊥; (2)若二面角P CD A −−的余弦值为33,求直线PB 与平面PAD 所成角θ的正弦值. 【答案】(1)证明见解析 (2)23【解析】【分析】(1)证明出BM ⊥平面PCM ,利用线面垂直的性质可证得结论成立;(2)设CD 的中点为N ,AB 的中点为E ,连接PN 、PE 、NE ,过点P 在平面PNE 内作PO NE ⊥,垂足为点O ,分析可知,二面角P CD A −−的平面角为PNE ∠,根据已知条件求出ON 、PN 的长,推导出PO ⊥平面ABCD ,以点O 为坐标原点,DC 、ON 、OP 的方向分别为x 、y 、z 轴的正方向建立空间直角坐标系,利用空间向量法可求得sin θ的值. 【小问1详解】证明:因为四边形ABCD 为矩形,则4AD BC ==, 因为M 为AD 的中点,则122AM AD ==, 又因为2AB =,AB AM ⊥,则ABM 为等腰直角三角形,所以,45AMB ∠=, 同理可证45CMD ∠=,所以,18090BMC AMB CMD ∠=−∠−∠=,即BM CM ⊥, 因为BM PC ⊥,PC CM C ⋂=,PC 、CM ⊂平面PCM ,所以,BM ⊥平面PCM , 因为PM ⊂平面PCM ,所以,BM PM ⊥. 【小问2详解】证明:设CD 的中点为N ,AB 的中点为E ,连接PN 、PE 、NE , 过点P 在平面PNE 内作PO NE ⊥,垂足为点O , 因为2PC PD CD ===,且N 为CD 的中点, 则PCD 为等边三角形,且PN CD ⊥,2222213PN PD DN =−=−=因为四边形ABCD 为矩形,则//AB CD 且AB CD =,因为N 、E 分别为CD 、AB 的中点,所以,//AE DN 且AE DN =,且AD DN ⊥,所以,四边形ADNE 为矩形,所以,CD NE ⊥,所以,二面角P CD A −−的平面角为PNE ∠,则3cos 3PNE ∠=, 因为PO NE ⊥,则3cos 313ON PN PNE =∠==, 则22312PO PN ON =−=−=因为CD NE ⊥,PN CD ⊥,PN NE N =,PN 、NE ⊂平面PNE ,所以,CD ⊥平面PNE ,因为PO ⊂平面PNE ,则PO CD ⊥, 因为PO NE ⊥,CDNE N =,CD 、NE ⊂平面ABCD ,所以,PO ⊥平面ABCD ,以点O 为坐标原点,DC 、ON 、OP 的方向分别为x 、y 、z 轴的正方向建立如下图所示的空间直角坐标系,则()1,3,0A −−、()1,1,0D −、()1,3,0B −、(2P , 则()0,4,0AD =,(2AP =,(2BP =−,设平面PAD 的法向量为(),,n x y z =,则40320n AD y n AP x y z ⎧⋅==⎪⎨⋅=+=⎪⎩,取2x =,则()2,0,1n =−,所以,222sin cos ,3323n BP n BP n BPθ⋅====⨯⋅, 因此,直线PB 与平面PAD 所成角θ的正弦值为23. 21. 已知函数()()232f x x x a x a =−−−.(1)当0a =时,求函数()f x 的值域;(2)若不等式()33f x ≥对x ∈R 恒成立,求实数a 的最小值.【答案】(1)[)0,∞+ (2)215a ≥ 【解析】【分析】(1)根据分段函数分别求各段()f x 的取值范围,然后取其并集即得. (2)首先去绝对值,分别求出0a ≤和0a >时,()f x 的最小值,结合恒成立条件解不等式即得. 【小问1详解】(1)()222,00325,0x x a f x x x x x x ⎧≥=⇒=−=⎨<⎩,①()[)200,x f x x ≥⇒=∈+∞;②()()2050,x f x x <⇒=∈+∞;综上:函数()f x 的值域是[)0,∞+; 【小问2详解】(2)去绝对值得()22223,53,x ax a x af x x ax a x a⎧+−≥=⎨−+<⎩, 当x a ≥时,方程2230x ax a +−=的21130a ∆=≥,()2222313324f x x ax a x a a ⎛⎫=+−=+− ⎪⎝⎭,当x a <时,方程22530x ax a −+=的22110a ∆=−≤,()222235553510100f x x ax a x a a ⎛⎫=−+=−+ ⎪⎝⎭,①2313430022a a a f a a ⎪−⎛⎫≤⇒≤−⇒−=< ⎝⎭,不符题意,∴0a ≤舍去; ②302a a a >⇒>−,()2min 3355331010100a a a f x f a ⎛⎫>⇒==≥ ⎪⎝⎭, 260215a a ⇒≥⇒≥;综上:215a ≥22. 已知椭圆C 的中心在原点,一个焦点为()1,0F 2倍.(1)求椭圆C 的标准方程;(2)设过焦点F 的直线l 与椭圆C 交于A 、B 两点,1F 是椭圆的另一个焦点,若1ABF 内切圆的半径23r =,求直线l 的方程. 【答案】(1)2212x y += (2)1x y =±+【解析】【分析】(1)由题意可求得1c =,2a b =,并且222a b c =+,求得a ,b ,c ,代入椭圆标准方程可得解;(2)设出直线l 方程与椭圆方程联立,根据韦达定理可得12y y +,12y y ,可求得112212112ABF S F F y y y y =⋅⋅−=−△,再根据内切圆半径可表示出1142ABF S a r =⋅⋅△,由此求得答案. 【小问1详解】由题可得1c =,焦点在x 轴上,222a b=2a b =, )2221b b ∴=+,解得21b =,22a =,所以椭圆C :2212x y +=. 【小问2详解】设()11,,A x y ,()22,B x y ,设直线l 的方程为1x ty =+,()22222222101x y t y ty x ty ⎧+=⇒++−=⎨=+⎩的根为1y ,2y , 12222t y y t +=−+,12212y y t −=+,且2880t ∆=+>, 又∵()12221211212212212422ABF t S c y y y y y y y y t +=⋅⋅−=−=+−=+△,111244422233ABF S a r =⋅⋅=⨯=△, 2221413t t ⋅+=⇒=±,所以直线l 的方程为:1x y =±+.【点睛】思路点睛:本题第二小问属于直线与圆锥曲线综合性问题,设出过点F 的直线l 与椭圆联立,由韦达定理可得12y y +,12y y ,可求出1122112ABF S F F y y =⋅⋅−△,另根据三角形内切圆半径和面积的关系可求得1142ABF S a r =⋅⋅△,由此可求得直线l 的方程.。
陕西省咸阳市礼泉县2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试语文试题(含答案)
礼泉县2024~2025学年度第一学期期中学科素养评价质量调研高二年级语文注意事项:1.本试题共10页,满分150分,时间150分钟。
2.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号填写在答题卡上。
3.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后,监考员将答题卡按顺序收回,装袋整理;试题不回收。
第Ⅰ卷(阅读题共70分)一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
材料一:当前,在全方位培养、引进、用好人才,弘扬科学家精神等各方面,必须坚定不移走中国特色社会主义发展道路,不断加强党的全面领导,增强政治性、先进性、群众性,接长手臂,扎根基层,最广泛地与人才紧密联系在一起,把党内外、国内外各方面优秀人才集聚到党的周围。
鼓励和支持广大人才根据国家发展急迫需要和长远需求,打赢关键核心技术攻坚战,报效祖国、服务人民,把论文写在祖国大地上。
随着我国人才队伍规模快速壮大,广大人才在服务决战脱贫攻坚、抗击新冠肺炎疫情等国家重大需求中屡建功勋。
事实证明,伟大的事业激励人才、造就人才、成就人才,广大人才只有投身自主创新的生动实践,才能充分释放自身的才华和能量,担负起时代赋予的使命职责。
我们党一直高度重视人才的主体地位和创造潜能。
当前比历史上任何时期更接近实现中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟目标,也比历史上任何时期都更加渴求人才。
现在,我国拥有科技人力资源约1.1亿人,已经建成23000余个各级团结科技人才的学会组织,这是实施创新驱动发展战略、实现高水平科技自立自强、加快建设世界科技强国的重要力量。
科技群团的工作,说到底都是人才工作。
各级科协、学术团队既具有联系人才的桥梁和纽带功能,承载着团结引领众多科技人才矢志爱国奋斗、勇攀科学高峰等历史使命,又秉承着建设有温度、可信赖的科技人才之家的根本宗旨,应该帮助广大人才反映意见诉求,维护合法权益,加强科学共同体自律,真正促进人才成长提高,促进科技的繁荣发展,促进科学普及以及智库作用的发挥。
精品解析:吉林省白城市第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期10月期中考试数学试题(解析版)
白城市第一中学2024-2025学年度高二上学期期中考试数学试卷一、单项选择题(本大题共8小题,每题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)(1,0,3),B (-1,1,4),C (2,-1,3),若 A P // B C ,1.已知空间三点A且uu u v A =P 则点P 的坐标为()(4,-2,2)(4,-2,2A.C.)(-2,2,4)(-4,2,-2B.D (-2,2,4或).)(2,-2,4或)【答案】C 【解析】【分析】设P 点坐标,由 A P // B C可解出P 坐标,再用空间向量模长公式即可.(x ,y ,z 【详解】设P )uu u (x -1,y ,z -3,则AP =)r uu u (3,-2,-1,BC =)r,uu u (3λ,-2λ,-λ因为AP //BC ,所以AP =λBC =)r uu u r ⎧x -1=3,λ⎪⎪⎧x =3λ+⎨y =-2λ⎩z -3=-λ,1⎪⎪⎨y =-2λ⎩z =-λ+3,(3λ+1,-2λ,-λ+3所以P ),又AP uu u =v=(4,-2,2)(-2,2,4或)解得λ=1或λ=-1,所以P 故选:,C2.已知圆C 1:(x -2)2+(y -3)2=1和圆C 2:(x -3)2+(y -4)2=9,M ,N 分别是圆C 1,C 2上的动点,P 为x轴上的动点,则PM +的最小值为()A.PN B -4.-1 C.6- D.【答案】A 【解析】【分析】求出圆C 1关于x 轴的对称圆的圆心坐标A ,以及半径,然后求解圆A 与圆C 2的圆心距减去两个圆的半径和,即可求出|PM |+|PN |的最小值.(2,-3【详解】圆C 1关于x 轴的对称圆的圆心坐标A ),半径为1,圆C 2的圆心坐标为(3,4),半径为3,∴若M'与M关于x轴对称,则PM'=PM,即|PM|+|PN|=|PM'|+|PN|,由图易知,当P,N,M'三点共线时|PM'|+|PN|取得最小值,∴|PM|+|PN|的最小值为圆A与圆C2的圆心距减去两个圆的半径和,∴|AC2|-3-1=-4=-4.故选:A.(x-22) 3.直线x+y+2=0分别与x轴,y轴交于A,B两点,点P在圆取值范围+y2=2上,则 ABP面积的是B.[4,8] C.D.⎡⎣A.[2,6]【答案】A【解析】【详解】分析:先求出A,B两点坐标得到AB,再计算圆心到直线距离,得到点P到直线距离范围,由面积公式计算即可详解: 直线x+y+2=0分别与x轴,y轴交于A,B两点(-2,0),B(0,-2),∴A则AB=点P在圆(x-2)2+y2=2上∴圆心为(2,0),则圆心到直线距离d 1=故点P 到直线x +y +2=0的距离d 2的范围为1[2,6]A 2B 2d 2=则S ABP ∈=故答案选A.点睛:本题主要考查直线与圆,考查了点到直线的距离公式,三角形的面积公式,属于中档题.4.在四面体ABCD 中,E 为AD 的中点,G 为平面BCD 的重心.若AG 与平面BCE 交于点F ,则AF AG=()A.1B 2.2C 3.344D.5【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据共线定理及空间向量线性运算可得结果.【详解】如图:连接DG 交BC 于H ,则H 为BC 中点,连接AH ,EH ,AG ,因为AG ⊂平面AHD ,EH ⊂平面AHD ,设AG EH =K ,则K ∈EH ,K ∈AG ,又EH ⊂平面BCE ,所以K ∈平面BCE ,故K 为AG 与平面BCE 的交点,又因为AG 与平面BCE 交于点F ,所以F 与K 重合,又E 为AD 的中点,G 为平面BCD 的重心,2 因为点A ,F ,G 三点共线,则AF =mAG =3m D H⎫⎪⎭2132DC 3⎫DB +⎡=⨯m =m AD ⨯+⎪⎢⎣⎝ ⎭⎛ A D ( A D + D G )=m ⎛ ⎝ A D +( A B - A D + A C - A D )⎤⎥+⎦1m 3( A D + A B+ A C =)(x +y =1又因为点E ,F ,H 三点共线,则AF =xAH +y AE ,),x AF =x AH +y AE =2 ( A B + A C )+2y A D ,⎧2x m ⎪3=2⎪⎪m y⎪=⎩33所以⎨x +y =1,解得m 4=,即3 A 4F = A G ,故34AF AG =.故选:C.1148O 5.O 为空间任意一点,若AP =O - A+ B +tO C ,若A ,B ,C ,P 四点共面,则t =()B.9C 8.1D 8.1A.1【答案】C 【解析4】1148O 【分析】将AP =O - A+ B +tO C 314化简为:8O O O P = A + B +tO C ,利用四点共面定理可得314+t =1,即可求解8+. 1148O 【详解】因为AP =OP -OA ,所以AP =O - A+ B +tO C ,可化简为:4 OP -OA =OA 8+-11 3148O OB +tOC ,即OP O = A + B +tO C ,3148+1+t =1,解得:t 8=由于A ,B ,C ,P 四点共面,则故选:;C(1,c 6.已知直线l 1:ax +4y -2=0与直线l 2:2x -5y +b =0互相垂直,垂足为))B.20则a +b +c =(D.-C.24A.24【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据两直线垂直可求出a 的值,将公共点的坐标代入直线l 1的方程,可得出c 的值,再将公共点的坐标代入直线l2的方程,可得出b的值,由此可得出a+b+c的值.【详解】因为直线l1:ax+4y-2=0与直线l2:2x-5y+b=0互相垂直,则2a-20=0,可得a=10,(1,c由题意可知,点)为两直线的公共点,则10+4c-2=0,解得c=-2,(1,-2再将点)(-2)+b=0,解得b=-12的坐标代入直线l2的方程可得2-5⨯,因此,a+b+c=10-12-2=-4.故选:D.7.已知圆C1:(x-1)2+(y-2)2=1,圆C2:(x-3)2+(y+4)2=4,M,N分别是圆C1,C2上两个动点,P是x轴上动点,则PN PM-的最大值是()A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】【分析】由两圆的标准方程写出其圆心坐标及半径,再由|PN|-|PM|≤(|PC2|+r2)-(|PC1|-r1),求出点C2关于x轴的对称点C3,结合|PC2|-|PC1|≤|C1C3|即可求得结果.【详解】由题意知,圆C1的圆心为C1(1,2),半径r1=1,圆C2的圆心为C2(3,-4),半径r2=2,作C2(3,-4)关于x轴的对称点C3(3,4),如图所示,|PN|-|PM|≤(|PC2|+r2)-(|PC1|-r1)=|PC2|-|PC1|+r2+r1=|PC3|-|PC1|+r2+r1≤|C1C3|+r2+r1=P,C1,C3共线时等号成立2+1=3+,所以|PN|-|PM|的最大值为3+.故选:A.8.已知抛物线x 2=4y 的焦点为F ,过F 的直线与抛物线交于A ,B 两点,点O 为坐标原点,则下列命题中正确的个数为()①V AOB 面积的最小值为4;②以AF 为直径的圆与x 轴相切;③记OA ,OB ,AB 的斜率分别为k 1,k 2,k 3,则k 1+k 2=k 3;④过焦点F 作y 轴的垂线与直线OA ,OB 分别交于点M ,N ,则以MN 为直径的圆恒过定点.B.2C.3A.1【答案】C 【解析 D.4】1【分析】依次判断每个选项:AB 的斜率为0时,S △AOB =2,所以①错误,计算|EG |2=|AF |②正确,y 41y 2x 2x 1x 1x 2+证明k 1+k 2=+=k 3,所以③正确,根据等式令x =0,得y =-1或3,所以④正确,得=到答案.【详解】当AB 的斜率为0时,S △AOB =2,所以①错误.设AF 的中点为E ,作EG ⊥x 轴交x 轴于点G ,作AD ⊥准线交准线于点D ,交x 轴于点C ,则|OF |+|AC EG |=,又OF CD =1=,11222|CD ||AC 2|+所以|EG |=|AD |==|AF |,所以②正确.)(x 直线AB 的方程为y =k 3x +1,联立x 2=4y ,得x 2-4k 3x -4=0.设A 1,y 1)(x ,B 2,y 2,则y 41y 2x 2x 1x 1x 2+x 1+x 2=4k 3,x 1x 2=-4,所以k 1+k 2=+=k 3,所以③正确=.1y 41x 直线OA :y x 1=x =14x ,所以,1M ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝x ⎭24,1.同理可得N ⎛⎫⎪⎝x .所以以MN 为直径的圆的方程⎭为222(x 21(x 1+x 7-x 2)⎡⎤)⎡⎤+(y -1)2=⎢x -⎥⎢⎥x 1⋅x 2⎣⎦,⎣x 1⋅x 2⎦即)(x +2k 23+(y -1)2=4k 32+4.令x =0,得y =-1或3,所以④正确.故选:C .【点睛】本题考查了抛物线的面积,斜率,定值问题,意在考查学生的计算能力和综合应用能力.二、多项选择题(本大题共4小题.每题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得5分,有选错的得0分,部分选对的得2分.)(2023·四川省成都市树德中学期中))(x 9.点P 0,y 0是圆C :x 2+y 2-8x -6y +21=0上的动点,则下面正确的有()A.圆的半径为3y 0B.x 0-3既没有最大值,也没有最小值C.2x 0+y 0的范围是⎡⎣11-11+D.x 0+y 02+2x 0+3的最大值为722【答案】BC 【解析】【分析】将圆方程化为标准方程可判断选项A 错误.设y 0=k ,则转化为直线与圆有交点,可算x 0-3得y 0=k 既没有最大值,也没有最小值,选项B 正确.对于选项C 和D ,可用三角换元化简,再结合辅x 0-3助角公式即可判断.【详解】圆C :x 2+y 2-8x -6y +21=0转化为2(x -42)(y -3+)=4,(4,3则圆的圆心为),半径为2,选项A 错误.设y 0(x x 0-3)0=k ,则直线y 0=k -3与圆有交点,即≤2,6-3-32整理得3k 2+6k -5≥0,解得k ≤6-3+32或k ≥.y 0既x 0-3没有最大值,也没有最小值,选项B 正确.设x 0=4+2sin θ,y 0=3+2cos θ,(θ+ϕ则2x 0+y 0=11+4sin θ+2cos θ=11+in )1,其中tan ϕ2=.则2x 0+y 0的取值范围为⎡⎣11-11+,选项C 正确.又x 02+y 02-8x 0-6y 0+21=0,则x 02+y 02=8x 0+6y 0-21,因此2(θ+α)+4x 0+y 02+2x 0+3=10x 0+6y 0-18=20sin θ+12cos θ+40=in 03其中tan α=.5则x 02+y 02+2x 0+3的最大值为40,选项D 错误.故选:BC.10.在棱长为1正方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,点P 为线段CC 1上异于端点的动点,()A.三角形D 1BP 面积的最小值为6430,3⎛⎫B.直线D 1B 与DP 所成角的余弦值的取值范围为 ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭6,1⎛⎫C.二面角A 1-BD -P 的正弦值的取值范围为 ⎪ ⎪⎝3⎭D.过点P 做平面α,使得正方体的每条棱所在直线与平面α所成的角都相等,则α截此正方体所得截面0,2⎛⎫面积的取值范围为 ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】AB 【解析】【分析】根据三角形的面积公式,转化为求P 到直线BD 1距离最小值,进而转化为异面直线CC 1和BD 1的距离,也就是直线CC 1到平面BDD 1B 1的距离,等于C 到BD 的距离,从而得到三角形D 1BP 面积的最小值,判定A;BD1在平面DC1中的射影为CD1,设BD1与CD1所成的角为α,设直线DP与直线CD1所成的角为β,设直线D1B与DP所成角为γ,则根据射影三余弦定理cosγ=cosαcosβ,计算求得其取值范围,进而判定B;二面角的平面角的范围,可以排除C;考虑到各种情况,取面积最大的的一个截面,可以排除D.【详解】对于A,要使三角形D1BP面积的最小,即要使得P到直线BD1距离最小,这最小距离就是异面直线CC1和BD1的距离,也就是直线CC1到平面BDD1B1的距离,等于C到BD 的距离,为2.由2于D1BP面积的最小值,所以三角BD1=形为126224,故A正确=;对于B,先证明一个引理:直线a在平面M中的射影直线为b,平面M中的直线c,直线a,b,c所成的角的余弦值满足三余弦定理,直线a,b的角为α,直线b,c的角为β,直线a,c的角为γ,则cosγ=cosαcosβ.证明:如上图,在平面M内任意取一点O为原点,取两条射线分别为x,y轴,得到坐标平面xOy,然后(x从O作与平面M垂直的射线作为z轴,建立空间直角坐标系,设直线a的方向向量为1),,y1,z1则(x)1,y1,0(x为射影直线b的方向向量,设直线c的方向向量坐标为)2,y2,0,则cosα=,cosβ=,cosγ=,所以cosαcosβ=,=cosγ,引理得证.如上图所示,根据正方体的性质可知BD 1在平面DC 1中的射影为CD 1,设BD 1与CD 1所成的角为α,cos α=,42ππ设直线DP 与直线CD 1所成的角为β,β∈⎫⎛ ⎪⎝⎭20,2⎛⎫,cos β∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.30,3⎛设直线D 1B 与DP 所成角为γ,根据上面的引理可得:cos γ=cos αcos β⎫=β∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝,故B 正确⎭;对于C ,如上图所示,设AC 、BD 交点为M ,连接A 1M ,PM ,由正方体性质易知BD ⊥AC ,BD ⊥AA 1,AC ⋂AA 1=A ,AC ,AA 1⊂平面ACC 1A 1,所以BD ⊥平面ACC 1A 1,故BD ⊥A 1M ,BD ⊥MP ,∠A 1MP 为二面角A 1-BD -P 的平面角,当P 与C 1重合时,∠A 1MC 1=π-2∠A 1MA,2AA 21tan ∠A 1MA AM ==>=1,所以ππ4<∠A 1MA 3<π,∴∠A 1MC 12<,P 在C 1C 上从下往上移动时,∠A 1MP 逐渐变大,最终是钝角,其正弦值可以等于1,故C 错误;对于D ,因为过正方体顶点与各棱所成的角的都相等的直线是体对角线所在的直线,所以过点P 的平面与各棱所成的角相等必须且只需与某一条体对角线垂直,过P 与对角线BD 1垂直的截面中,当P 为CC 1中点时取得最大值,是一个边长为2212224的正六边形,如下图所示,面积为62⨯⨯⨯sin 60︒⨯=>,30,2⎛⎫不在区间 ⎪ ⎪⎝内,故D 不正确⎭.故选:AB【点睛】直线a 在平面M 中的射影直线为b ,平面M 中的直线c ,直线a ,b ,c 所成的角的余弦值满足三余弦定理,a ,b 的角为α,b ,c 的角为β,a ,c 的角为γ,则cos γ=cos αcos β.这是常见的很好用的一个公式.11.已知直线l 1:ax +8y -8=0与直线l 2:2x +ay -a =0,下列说法正确的是()A.当a =8时,直线l 1的倾斜角为45︒(0,1B.直线l 2恒过)点C.若a =4,则l 1//l 2D.若a =0,则l 1⊥l 2【答案】BD【解析】【分析】利用直线斜率与倾斜角的关系判断A ,利用直线过定点的求解判断B ,利用直线平行与垂直的性质判断CD ,从而得解.【详解】A 中,当a =8时,直线l 1的斜率k 1=-1,设其倾斜角为α,α∈[0,π),所以tan α=k 1=-1,则α=135︒,所以A 不正确;B 中,直线l 2:2x +ay -a =0,整理可得2x +a (y -1)=0,⎧2x =0令⎨,可得x =0,y =1⎩y -1=0,即直线l 2恒过定点(0,1),所以B 正确;C 中,当a =4时,两条直线方程分别为:x +2y -2=0,x +2y -2=0,则两条直线重合,所以C 不正确;D 中,当a =0时,两条直线方程分别为:y =1,x =0,显然两条直线垂直,所以D 正确.故选:BD.(0,1)12.正方体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1棱长为4,动点P 、Q 分别满足AP =mAC +nAD 1,其中m ∈,n ∈R 且n ≠0, QB +QC 1=4;R 在B 1C 1上,点T 在平面ABB 1A 1内,则()A.对于任意的m ∈(0,1),n ∈R 且n ≠0,都有平面ACP ⊥平面A 1B 1DB.当m +n =1时,三棱锥B -A 1PD的体积不为定值C.若直线RT 到平面ACD 1的距离为DD 1与直线RT 所成角正弦值最小为3.3【答案】ACD【解析[-28,4D.A 1Q ⋅QD 的取值范围为]】【分析】建空间直角坐标系,用向量知识求解四个选项.【详解】对于A ,以A 为坐标原点,AB ,AD ,AA 1所在直线为x 轴,y 轴,z 轴建立空间直角坐标系,(0,0,0)(0,4,0则A )(4,4,0,D )(0,4,4,C )(0,0,4,D 1)(4,0,4,A 1)(4,0,0,B 1),B(x )1 设平面A 1B 1D 的法向量为m ,y 1,z 1= ,A 1B 1(4,0,0)=, A (0,4,-41)D =11⎧=4x 1=0⎪m 则⎨ A ⎩⎪m B ⋅ ,令y 1=1,则x 1=0,z 1=1 ⋅A 1D =4y 1-4z 1=0,(0,1,1) 则m = ,AC (4,4,0)=,(0,4,41) A =D ,(4,4,0)+n (0,4,4)=(4m ,4m +4n ,4n AP =mAC +nAD 1=m ) ,(x )2,y 2,z 2设平面ACP 的法向量为n = ,(2224y )y 4x n 2⎧++⎪m =n 4+0+4nz 2=0A ⎩n ⎪⋅C =4x ⋅,令x 2=1,则y 2=-1,z 2=1则⎨ A =4m P ,则n = (1,-1,1),又m ⋅n = (-1)⨯1+1⨯1=0,所以m ⊥n ,所以对于任意的m ∈(0,1),n ∈R 且n ≠0,都有平面ACP ⊥平面A 1B 1D ,故A 正确;(4m ,4,4n )(x )3对于B ,当m +n =1时,P 设平面A 1BD 的法向量为u ,y 3,z 3= BA 1(-4,0,4)=(-4,4,0,B ) D =,1B ⎧=-4x 3+4z 3=0⎪u 则⎨⎩⎪u A ⋅ 令x 3=1,则y 3=1,z 3=1 ⋅BD =-4x 3+4y 3=0,,(1,1,1)所以u =,又BP = (-4n ,4,4n ) ,点P 到平面A 1BD的距离为3BP ⋅uu d == = PD 又V B -A BD 1=V P -A 1,又因为 A 1BD 的面积为定值,所以三棱锥B -A 1PD 的体积为定值,故B 错误;(4,b ,4对于C ,设R )(a ,0,c ),,T 则(a -4,-b ,c -4R )T=因为直线RT 到平面ACD 1的距离为RT //平面ACD 1,AC (4,4,0)=,(0,4,41)A =D (x )4设面ACD 1为k ,y 4,z 4= ,则⎧⎪k ⋅ A =4x 4+4y 4=⎩k ⋅AD 1=4y 4+4z 4=⎪00C ,令y 4=-1,则x 4=1,z 4=1⎨ ,(1,-1,1所以k =)所以RT ⋅k =a -4+b +c -4=0,即a +b +c =8,又AR = (4,b ,4),则AR ⋅kk == b =2或b =14 ,(4,2,4)若b =2,所以a +c =6,R ,又DD 1= (0,0,4) ,设直线DD 1与直线RT 所成角为θ,所以RT RT ⋅DD DD 11cos θ==== 当cos θ最大时,sin θ最小,4212c 令g c -(c )=22+2c -4))(244124c c 2c -(c )=(2c ,g '2-+,(c g )[0,4在]单调递增,max 1(c 所以g )(4)=g =min 1(c ,6g )(0)==g -,cos θ623=,所以sin θ最小为3,所以直线DD 1与直线RT 所成角正弦值最小3为33;(4,14,4)若b =14,所以a +c =-6,R ,根据对称性可得sin θ最小为3,故C 正确3;(x ,y ,z 对于D ,设Q )因为 Q 1B +Q C (4-x ,-y ,-z =4,所以Q )B = (4-x ,4-y ,4-z ,Q )C =,QB +QC 1= (8-2x ,4-2y ,4-2z ) ,所以=QB +QC 1 4,整理得x 2+y 2+z 2-8x -4y -4z +20=0,即22(x -42)(y -2+)(z -2+)=4(4,2,2所以点p 的运动轨迹为一个以)为球心,半径为2的球面上一点,所以2≤x ≤6, A 1Q =(x ,y ,z -4),Q D =(-x ,4-y ,-z )所以A 1Q ⋅QD =-x 2-y 2-z 2+4y +4z =20-8x ,当x =6时,A 1Q ⋅QD 最小为-28,当x =2时,A 1Q ⋅QD 最大为4[-28,4所以A 1Q ⋅QD 的取值范围为] 故选:ACD ,故D 正确..三、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.)(1+λ)x -(1-2λ)y +3-6λ=0(λ∈R 13.直线)被圆x 2+y 2=25截得的弦长的最小值是______.【答案】8.【解析】【分析】首先化简直线求出直线恒过定点P (0,3),并判断点在圆内,由圆的性质知:当该直线与OP 垂直时,直线被圆截得的弦长最短.用弦长公式计算弦长即可.【详解】直线的方程可化简为:x +λx -y +2λy +3-6λ=0,整理得:λ(x +2y -6)+(x -y +3)=0.⎧x +2y -6=0令⎨⎧x =0⎩y =,解得:⎩x -y +3=0⎨3.所以直线恒过定点P (0,3).又因为02+32<25,所以点P (0,3)在x 2+y 2=25内.所以当该直线与OP 垂直时,直线被圆截得的弦长最短.d ==3,故最短弦长为8.故答案为:8.【点睛】本题主要考查了含参直线恒过定点问题以及过圆内一点求最短弦长问题,考查了学生的图形转化计算的能力,属于中档题.(sin θ,-cos θ14.若点P )ππcos 4与4Q ⎛⎫⎛⎫,sin ⎛⎫θ+θ+ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝关于直线y =x 对称,写出一个符合题意的θ⎭值为______.【答案】3π(答案不唯一)8【解析】【分析】由P ,Q 中点在直线y =x 上且所成直线斜率为-1,并应用和角正余弦公式展开化简得πsin θ=sin(θ4+π4⎛⎫)且cos θ=-cos θ+ ⎪⎝,进而求θ值⎭.)π)4π4【详解】由题设,P ,Q 中点(,)2sin θ+c 2os(θ+-cos θ+sin(θ+在直线y =x 上,且k PQ =-1,π4π42所以sin θ+cos(θ2+)-cos θ+sin(θ+),=且π)co 4π)s s in θsin(θθ++cos(θ+4=-1-,ππ4即sin θ+cos(θ4+)=-cos θ+sin(θ+ππ4),且sin(θ4+)+cos θ=sin θ-cos(θ+,2222222所以sin θ2+cos θ-sin θ=-cos θ+cos θ+sin θ,且2222222sin θ2+cos θ+cos θ=sin θ-cos θ+sin θ,πθ=sin θ+cos θ4=θ+)πθ=sin θ-cos θ=4θ+),π所以sin θ=sin(θ4+π,且cos θ=-cos(θ4+,π综上,2θ4+1π=(2k +1)π,k ∈Z ,可得θ=(k 2+)π-8,k ∈Z ,显然3π满足8.故答案为:3π(答案不唯一)815.如图,点C 是以AB 为直径的圆O 上的一个动点,点Q 是以AB 为直径的圆O 的下半个圆(包括A ,B3B 1 A )⋅QC 两点)上的一个动点,PB ⊥AB ,AB =3,PB =2,则(AP +的最小值为___________.【答案】-3【解析】【分析】建立合适的平面直角坐标系,利用三角换元法和辅助间公式得到344B ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫-α+θ+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝1⎭ A )⋅Q C (AP + = ,最后根据正弦函数的性质即可得到答案.【详解】以O 为原点,以AB 为x 轴,以AB 的中垂线为y 轴建立平面直角坐标系O -xyz ,则圆O 的半径为3,2 1 AP =(3,2),BA =(-3,0),∴AP +3BA =(2,2),3333222cos α,2Q ,设C cos θ,⎛sin α⎫⎛sin θ⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝[0,2π),θ∈[-π,0],a ⎭∈,3333222cos θ2,⎛sin θ⎫cos α则QC =-sin α- ⎪⎝ ⎭,BA 3⎫AP +(cos α-cos θ)+3(sin α-sin θ)=⋅Q ∴ ⎪⎝in ⎛ ⎝α+4π⎫⎪⎭-⎭3⎛ 1 in ⎛ ⎝θ+4π⎫⎪⎭ C =3[0,2π),θ∈[-π,0] a ∈,ππ3ππ,,4244⎡π9π4⎫⎡⎤,θ∴α++∈-∈⎪⎢⎢⎥⎣4⎭⎣⎦,π3πππ424∴当α4+,θ=+=1 A 3B P + A )⋅Q C 时,(取得最小值-3,3故答案为:-.【点睛】关键点点睛:本题的关键是建立合适的直角坐标系,利用三角换元法表示出相关点的坐标,最后计算向量数量积,再根据三角恒等变换和三角函数性质即可求出最值.16.已知A ,B 是曲线C (0,1),|x |-1=则CA CB +的取值范围是________.【答案】【解析】【分析】由曲线方程,结合根式的性质求x 的范围,进而判断曲线的形状并画出草图,再由圆的性质、数形结合法判断CA CB +的最值,即可得其范围.【详解】由(|x |-1)2+(y -1)2=4|x |-1=.由0,所以x ≤-1或x ≥1|x |-1=.当x ≤-1时,(x +1)2+(y -1)2=4;当x ≥1时,(x -1)2+(y -1)2=4.所以P :(x +1)2+(y -1)2=4的左半部分和|x |-1=圆Q :(x -1)2+(y -1)2=4的右半部分.当A ,B 分别与图中的M ,N 重合时,|CA |+|CB |取得最大值,为6;当A ,B 为图中E ,F ,G ,H 四点中的某两点时,|CA |+|CB |取得最小值,为.故|CA |+|CB |的取值范围是.故答案为:.四、解答题:写出必要的文字描述、解题过程.共6题.1x 和两个定点A (1,1),B (2,2),问直线l 上是否存在一点P ,使得||PA |2+|PB |217.已知直线l :y 2=取得最小值?若存在,求出点P 的坐标和|PA |2+|PB |2的最小值;若不存在,说明理由.【答案】存在,959,10⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,1910(2x )0,x 0【解析】【分析】设P 求解即可,根据坐标运算|PA |2+|PB |2可转化为关于x 0的二次函数,利用二次函数的最值.)(2x 【详解】假设直线l 上存在一点P 0,x 0,使得|PA |2+|PB |2取得最小值,如图,))))222(2x 20(x 0(2x 0(x 0则|PA |2+|PB |2=-1-+2=10x 02-18x 0+10-+2,-1+1892010-因为x 0∈R ,所以当x 0=-=,即点P 的坐标为99,510⎛⎫ ⎪⎝时⎭,|PA |2+|PB |2取得最小值,且最小值为1910.(x )=x 2(x ∈R +2x +b )18.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,设二次函数f 过这三个交点的圆记为C 的图像与两坐标轴有三个交点,经.(1)求实数b的取值范围;(2)求圆C的方程;(3)请问圆C是否经过某定点(其坐标与b无关)?请证明你的结论.【答案】(1){b|b<1,且b≠0}(2)x2+y2+2x-(b+1)y+b=0(b<1,且b≠0);(3)过定点(0,1)和(-2,1),证明见解析.【解析】【分析】(1)令x=0得抛物线与y轴交点,此交点不能是原点;令f(x)=0,则方程∆>0,即可求b的范围.(2)设出所求圆的一般方程,令y=0得到的方程与x2+2x+b=0是同一个方程;令x=0得到的方程有一个根为b,由此求得参数及圆C的一般方程.(3)把圆C方程里面的b合并到一起,令b的系数为零,得到方程组,求解该方程组,即得圆过的定点.【小问1详解】令x=0得抛物线与y轴交点是(0,b);令f(x)=x2+2x+b=0,由题意b≠0,且∆=4-4b>0,解得b<1,且b≠0.即实数b的取值范围{b|b<1,且b≠0}.【小问2详解】设所求圆的一般方程为x2+y2+Dx+Ey+F=0,(x)=x+2x+b)的图像与两坐标轴的三个交点即为圆x2+y2+Dx+Ey+F=0由题意得函数f2(x∈R和坐标轴的交点,令y=0得,x2+Dx+F=0,由题意可得,这与x2+2x+b=0是同一个方程,故D=2,F=b.令x=0得,y2+Ey+F=0,由题意可得,此方程有一个根为b,代入此方程得出E=-b-1,∴圆C的方程为x2+y2+2x-(b+1)y+b=0(b<1,且b≠0).【小问3详解】⎧12y 2+2x -y =x +0把圆C 的方程改写为x 2+y 2+2x -y -b (y -1)=0,令⎨⎩y =,解得⎨⎧x =0⎧x =-⎩y =12或⎨,故圆C 过定点(0,1)和(-2,1)⎩y =1.(4,3)(1,219.如图,已知V ABC 的三个顶点分别为A ),B (3,-4,C ).(1)试判断V ABC 的形状;(2)设点D 为BC 的中点,求BC 边上中线的长.【答案】(1)直角三角形;(2).【解析】【分析】(1)利用两点间距离公式直接计算三角形三边长即可判断作答.(2)求出点D 坐标,再用两点间距离公式计算作答.【小问1详解】根据两点间的距离公式,得AB ==,BC ==,CA ==222((+=,即2AB BC 2CA +2=,所以V ABC 是直角三角形.【小问2详解】依题意,线段BC 的中点D (2,-1),AD ==,所以BC 边上中线的长为.(2023·安徽省淮北市树人高级中学期中)20.如图,在三棱锥P -ABC 中,AB =BC =1,PA =PB =PC =AC =,O 为棱AC 的中点(1)证明:平面PAC ⊥平面ABC ;(2)若点M 在棱BC 上,且PC 与平面PAM 所成角的正弦值为【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)30°【解析,求二面角M -PA -C 的大4小】【分析】对于(1),通过题目条件,可以分别得到BO 和PO 长度,分别通过勾股定理和等腰三角形的三线合一得到PO ⊥OB 和PO ⊥AC ,从而得到PO ⊥平面ABC ,从而得到平面PAC ⊥平面ABC ;对于(2),先建立空间直角坐标系,因为已知PC 与平面PAM所成角的正弦值为,同时点M 在棱B 4C和平面PAM 的法向量,并得到点M 的坐标。
浙江省杭州市及周边重点中学2023-2024学年高二上学期11月期中考试化学试题(原卷版)
2023学年第一学期期中杭州地区(含周边)重点中学高二年级化学学科试题考生须知:1.本卷满分100分,考试时间90分钟;2.答题时,在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填写相应数字;3.所有答案必须写在答题卷上,写在试卷上无效;4.考试结束后,只需上交答题卷。
5.可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1C-12N-14O-16S-32Mn-55Fe-56Cu-64选择题部分一、选择题(本大题共20小题,1~10题每小题2分,11~20题每小题3分,共50分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意,不选、多选、错选均不得分)1.下列溶液因盐的水解而呈酸性的是A.CH3COONa溶液B.HF溶液C.AlCl3溶液D.NaHSO4溶液2.下列为熵增反应的是A.硝酸铵晶体溶于水B.氨气和氯化氢气体反应C.乙烯聚合为聚乙烯D.碳和水蒸气制备水煤气3.下列条件改变能增大活化分子百分数并引起平衡移动的是A.升高温度B.增大反应物浓度C.增大气体反应体系的压强D.使用催化剂4.下列事实不能用化学平衡移动原理解释的是A.紫色石蕊遇碱变蓝B.热的纯碱溶液去污能力更强C.用浓氨水和生石灰制取NH3D.用SO2和O2制备SO3,工业选择常压而非高压5.在稀溶液中,单位体积内溶质粒子(分子和离子)数目越多,该溶液的凝固点越低。
下列浓度均为0.01mol/L 的溶液,凝固点由低到高依次是①蔗糖溶液②NaHSO4溶液③NaCl溶液④醋酸溶液A.②③④①B.②④③①C.③②④①D.②③①④6.下列关于仪器选择、实验操作及相关叙述均正确的是A.图甲用于测定中和反应反应热B.图乙用于测定锌与稀硫酸反应速率C.图丙表示赶出碱式滴定管乳胶管中气泡D.图丁表示蒸发结晶氯化镁溶液获取无水氯化镁固体7.下列方程式书写正确的是A.已知H2S(g)的燃烧热ΔH=-562kJ/mol,表示其燃烧热的热化学方程式:H2S(g)+2O2(g)=SO3(g)+H2O(l)ΔH=-562kJ/molB.用酸性高锰酸钾和草酸反应研究影响反应速率的因素:2MnO4-+5C2O24-+16H+=2Mn2++10CO2↑+8H2OC.氢氧化铝(一元弱酸)的酸式电离方程式:Al(OH)3+H2O Al(OH)4-+H+D.已知常温下K a1(H2CO3)=4.5×10-7,K a2(H2CO3)=4.7×10-11,K a(HClO)=4.0×10-8,向次氯酸钠溶液通入少量CO2:CO2+2ClOˉ+H2O=2HClO+CO23-8.下列关于实验操作的误差分析不正确...的是A.测定中和反应反应热时,测盐酸后的温度计未冲洗干净立即测NaOH溶液的温度,则测得的ΔH偏大B.用量气法测锌与稀硫酸反应产生的氢气体积时,装置未冷却至室温即读数,则测得的反应速率偏大C.用湿润的玻璃棒蘸取Na2CO3溶液滴在pH试纸上,则测得的pH值偏小D.用标准盐酸滴定未知浓度的NaOH溶液,开始滴定时酸式滴定管尖端处有气泡,滴定终点时气泡消失,则测得的NaOH溶液浓度偏小9.在一定条件下,将4mol A和2mol B投入2L恒容密闭容器中,发生如下反应:3A(g)+B(s)xC(g)+2D(g)。
陕西省重点大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二年级上学期期中考试语文试题(含解析)
2023-2024学年陕西重点大学附中高二(上)期中语文试卷一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共1小题,17分)1.(17分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面各题。
许多人可能觉得故事和真相的联系很松散。
其实故事是对事件变化过程的选择性连贯叙述,强调局面和事件之间的因果关系,一切故事都有三个必不可少的元素。
变化过程。
没有变化,就没有故事。
如果故事里的英雄在开头和结尾完全相同,你讲述的就不是故事。
迈克尔柯里昂从正直的军人转变成了最无情的黑手党老大。
多萝西从奥兹国回到了家,关于银行年复一年接收相同存款、发放相同贷款的描述完全没有任何故事性可言。
因果关系。
原因和结果是一切故事的核心。
因为丁丁发现了模型船里隐藏的羊皮纸,所以他踏上了加勒比寻宝之旅。
因为特洛伊人决定将巨大的木马带进城内,所以希腊人蹂躏了这座城市。
因为利率极低,也是听众相信故事的原因:讲述者需要说清事情发生的原因。
触发事件。
将因果关系和变化结合在一起,你就获得了剧作家所说的“诱发事件”,即变化过程开始的原因。
每个故事都需要一系列事件的最初诱因。
德古拉雇用法律事务所监督英国房地产的采购。
莱娅公主得到了死星的计划并将其隐藏在了机器人R2﹣D2内部。
当然(就像最近关于窃取计划的《星球大战前传》展示的那样),但是这件事标志着故事正篇的开始。
在关于多个原因和结果的叙述中,触发事件是最初的原因。
好故事还有其他许多元素——英雄、恶棍、导师、骗子、盟友、挫折和障碍、转折和戏剧性发现,但这三者是每个故事必须拥有的决定性基础。
当我们倾听和讲述故事时,我们应该记住它们所描绘的真相具有多大的灵活性。
2015年,邱园出现了每年超过500万英镑的资金短缺。
在实行紧缩政策的英国,并且搁置了一些重要的基础设施投资。
园长查德德弗雷尔(Richard Deverell)需要强调该组织的重要国际角色作为前英国广播公司财务主管,德弗雷尔理解故事的力量,他请我帮助邱园设计一个新的故事。
2023-2024学年北京顺义区牛栏山一中高二(上)期中英语试题及答案
牛栏山一中2023—2024学年度第一学期期中考试高二年级英语试卷2023.11本试卷共10页,100分。
考试时长90分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分:知识运用(共两节,30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选岀最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I could feel the excitement rising in me as I held the beautifully wrapped present in my hands. Unable to contain my1any longer,I tore it open.It was a brand-new laptop as my reward for the As I got in final examinations.I had always envied my friends who were exchanging news about various apps.Finally,it was my2to find them out.I was researching for some information for my paper when I came across a social networking site,which soon I became glued to.As time passed,I came to3that I was hooked on the Internet.During weekends,I could easily spend hours on my laptop.It came to such a point where I chose to lock myself in my room, 4to enjoy family time.Soon,my sleep was divided to only scattered naps,and my grades at school also began to5.It was about this time that my parents started voicing their disapproval.It became obvious that I was spending too much time on the Internet.I was asked to6my usage of it.Yet,however hard I tried,I was unable to pull myself away,unable to7my chat sessions,and unable to concentrate on my lessons.I was8for just another click and another look at my message board.Then one day,my father took away my laptop.I complained but to no avail(无济于事).Over time,I knew that dad and mom had always wanted the best for me.That was when I decided to9my Internet addiction.Quitting was harder than I expected.But with dogged 10,I knew that I would turn over a new leaf.1.A.curiosity B.anxiety C.faith D.doubt2.A.way B.turn C.duty D.honor3.A.state B.believe C.decide D.realize4.A.expecting B.refusing C.pretending D.skipping5.A.rise B.adapt C.slip D.shake6.A.cut off B.cut down C.cut up D.cut through7.A.strengthen B.have C.quit D.destroy8.A.desperate B.serious C.confident D.patient9.A.change B.answer C.serve D.defeat10.A.determination B.performance C.explanation D.preference第二节(共10小题;每小题 1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。
宁夏银川市第二中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试物理试题(无答案)
绝密★启用前银川二中2024—2025学年第一学期高二年级期中考试物理试题本试卷共6页、15题。
全卷满分100分。
考试用时75分钟。
注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
一、单项选择题(本题共7小题,每小题4分,共28分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.四个相同的小量程电流表(表头)分别串联或并联一个定值电阻,从而改装成两个电流表和两个电压表。
已知电流表的量程大于的量程,电压表的量程大于的量程,改装好后把它们按图示接入电路,则( )A .电流表的读数小于电流表的读数B .电流表的偏转角等于电流表的偏转角C .电压表的读数小于电压表的读数D .电压表的偏转角大于电压表的偏转角2.下图是有两个量程的电流表,当分别使用a 和b 、a 和c 接线柱时,其中一个量程为0-100mA ,另一个量程为0-10mA ,表头内阻,满偏电流,则()1A 2A 1V 2V 1A 2A 1A 2A 1V 2V 1V 2V g 90R =Ωg 1mA I =A .当使用a 、b 时量程为0-10mB .当使用a 、c 时量程为0-100mAC .电阻为D .电阻为3.如图所示,一直流电动机与阻值的电阻串联在电源上,电源的电动势,内阻,闭合开关,用理想电压表测出电动机两端电压,已知电动机线圈的电阻,则下列说法正确的是( )A .通过电动机的电流为10AB .电动机的输入功率为100WC .电源的输出功率为4WD .电动机的输出功率为16W4.如图,在磁感应强度大小为的匀强磁场中,两长直导线P 和Q 垂直于纸面固定放置,两者之间的距离为1。
天津市2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题含解析
天津市2023~2024学年度第一学期高二年级期中检测试卷(2023.11)英语(答案在最后)第I卷选择题一、听力第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)1.Where does the woman find the match?A.Beside the telephone.B.In the desk drawer.C.On the kitchen table.2.What is Tina Marks doing?A.Having a meeting.B.Making a phone call.C.Lining up.3.When will the lecture be given?A.On June10th.B.On June11th.C.On June18th.4.What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A.A rainforest.B.A report.C.A book party.5.Why doesn’t the man want to go to the beach?A.He can’t bear the hot weather.B.He has no interest in the beach.C.He is waiting for the football match.第二节(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)听下面一段对话,回答第6至第8小题。
6.When will the race be held?A.This afternoon.B.Tomorrow morning.C.Tomorrow afternoon.7.What might the weather be like on the weekend?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.8.What does Mike probably do?A.A news reporter.B.A weatherman.C.A sports reporter.听下面一段对话,回答第9至第11小题。
高二上学期期中考试数学试卷含答案(共5套)
高二上学期期中考试数学试题本卷分Ⅰ(选择题)、Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,其中Ⅰ卷1至2页,第二卷2至4页,共150分,考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)一、单选题:本题共12个小题,每小题5分1.“”是“”的()A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件2.有下列四个命题:(1)“若,则,互为倒数”的逆命题;(2)“面积相等的三角形全等”的否命题;(3)“若,则有实数解”的逆否命题;(4)“若,则”的逆否命题.其中真命题为()A.(1)(2)B.(2)(3)C.(4)D.(1)(2)(3)3.若则为()A.等边三角形 B.等腰直角三角形C.有一个内角为30°的直角三角形 D.有一个内角为30°的等腰三角形4.已知.若“”是真命题,则实数a的取值范围是A.(1,+∞)B.(-∞,3)C.(1,3)D.5.的内角,,的对边分别为,,,若,,,则的面积为A.B.C.D.6.已知中,,则等于()A.B.或C.D.或7.等差数列的前项和为,若,则等于()A.58B.54C.56D.528.已知等比数列中,,,则()A.2B.C.D.49.已知,则z=22x+y的最小值是A.1 B.16 C.8 D.410.若关于的不等式的解集为,则的取值范围是()A.B.C.D.11.当a>0,关于代数式,下列说法正确的是()A.有最小值无最大值B.有最大值无最小值C.有最小值也有最大值D.无最小值也无最大值12.在△ABC中,AB=2,C=,则AC+BC的最大值为A.B.3C.4D.2第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共90分)二、填空题:共4个小题,每小题5分,共20分13.命题的否定是______________.14.已知的三边长构成公差为2的等差数列,且最大角的正弦值为,则这个三角形的周长为________.15.已知数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,a1=1,当n≥2时,a n+2S n-1=n,则S2 017的值____ ___ 16.已知变量满足约束条件若目标函数的最小值为2,则的最小值为__________.三、解答题:共6题,共70分,解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤。
安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期中考试生物试题
合肥一中2023~2024学年度高二年级第一学期期中联考生物学考生注意:1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。
满分100分,考试时间75分钟。
2.答题前,考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3.考生作答时,请将答案答在答题卡上。
选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑:非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效...........................。
4.本卷命题范围:人教版必修2第6章+选择性必修1第1章~第3章第2节。
一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.2023年5月16日,习近平总书记来到运城博物馆考察并了解了运城有关人类起源和中华文明早期历史发展等的情况。
其中博物馆内展示的“世纪曙猿”化石,距今约4500万年,已能看到高等灵长类动物的许多特征。
下列相关叙述错误..的是()A.“世纪曙猿”化石的发现能够说明灵长类动物与人类具有共同的祖先B.对“世纪曙猿”化石进行研究,能够分析出其体型大小和运动方式等C.从地层年龄与其对应的化石中能够总结出爬行类动物的出现早于鱼类D.化石、比较解剖学和胚胎学等证据在生物进化研究中互为补充、相互印证2.物种的研究者对能表达黄色荧光蛋白的大肠杆菌进行了定向的演化培养,并在不同的演化压力下对其加以筛选。
其中,S表示的是强自然选择,W表示的是弱自然选择,而N则是不做自然选择。
黄色荧光蛋白频率与演化压力的关系如图所示。
下列相关叙述错误..的是()。
A.对照组是N组,该实验的自变量为演化压力B.实验组黄色荧光蛋白频率大小不同是自然选择的结果C.强自然选择的条件下对黄色荧光蛋白基因频率的影响更大D.自然选择的直接对象是基因型,进而改变生物的基因频率3.“收割理论”中提到:捕食者往往捕食个体数量多的物种,为其他物种的形成腾出空间。
山西省阳泉市2023-2024学年高二上学期11月期中考试数学试题含解析
阳泉2023-2024学年第一学期高二年级期中考试试题(答案在最后)学科:数学考试时间:120分钟分值:150分客观题一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的.1.已知过点的直线的方向向量,则的方程为()A. B.C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】由直线的方向向量得直线的斜率,斜截式得直线方程.【详解】直线的方向向量,则的斜率为,又直线过点,的方程为,即.故选:B2.在长方体中,,则=()A. B.C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】根据空间向量的坐标表示求解【详解】因为,所以,所以,故选:B3.若平面的一个法向量为,平面的一个法向量为,且,则的值是()A.-3B.-4C.3D.4【答案】A【解析】【分析】根据两平面平行得到两法向量平行,进而得到方程组,求出,得到答案.【详解】∵,∴,故存在实数,使得,即,故,解得,∴.故选:A4.圆心为,且过原点的圆的方程是()A. B.C. D.【答案】A【解析】【分析】计算,得到圆方程.【详解】根据题意,故圆方程为.故选:.【点睛】本题考查了圆方程,意在考查学生的计算能力.5.在平行六面体中,M为AC与BD的交点,若,,,则下列向量中与相等的向量是().A. B.C. D.【答案】A【解析】【分析】利用空间向量线性运算法则进行运算即可.【详解】因为在平行六面体中,,所以.故选:A.6.已知方程表示的曲线是椭圆,则实数的取值范围是A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】【详解】因为方程表示的曲线是椭圆,所以,解得且,即实数的取值范围是,故选B.7.古代城池中的“瓮城”,又叫“曲池”,是加装在城门前面或里面的又一层门,若敌人攻入瓮城中,可形成“瓮中捉鳖”之势.如下图的“曲池”是上.下底面均为半圆形的柱体.若垂直于半圆柱下底面半圆所在平面,,,,为弧的中点,则直线与平面所成角的正弦值为()A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据给定条件,建立空间直角坐标系,利用空间向量求出线面角的正弦即得.【详解】在半圆柱下底面半圆所在平面内过作直线的垂线,由于垂直于半圆柱下底面半圆所在平面,则以点为原点,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系,于是,,又为的中点,则,,,,设平面的法向量,则,令,得,设直线与平面所成角为,则,所以直线与平面所成角的正弦值为.故选:D8.已知双曲线右支上非顶点的一点A关于原点的对称点为为双曲线的右焦点,若,设,且,则该双曲线的离心率的取值范围为()A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】作出对应的图象,设双曲线的左焦点为,连接,,则四边形为矩形.因此.,.可得,结合余弦函数运算求解.【详解】如图所示,设双曲线的左焦点为,连接,,因为,则四边形为矩形,所以,则,...即,则,因为,则,可得,即,所以,即双曲线离心率的取值范围是,故选:C.二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得2分,有选错的得0分.9.下列命题正确的是()A.任何直线方程都能表示为一般式B.两条直线相互平行的充要条件是它们的斜率相等C.直线与直线的交点坐标是D.直线方程可化为截距式为【答案】AC【解析】【分析】根据具体条件对相应选项作出判断即可.【详解】对A:直线的一般是方程为:,当时,方程表示水平线,垂直轴;当时,方程表示铅锤线,垂直轴;当时,方程表示任意一条不垂直于轴和轴的直线;故A正确.对B:两条直线的斜率相等时,两直线可能重合,故B错.对C:联立,解得,故C正确.对D:若或时,式子显然无意义,故D错.故选:AC10.已知圆与直线,下列选项正确的是()A.圆的圆心坐标为B.直线过定点C.直线与圆相交且所截最短弦长为D.直线与圆可以相离【答案】AC【解析】【分析】根据圆的标准方程,可判定A正确;化简直线为,可判定B不正确;根据圆的性质和圆的弦长公式,可判定C正确;根据点在圆内,可判定D不正确.【详解】对于A中,由圆,可得圆的圆心坐标为,半径为,所以A正确;对于B中,由直线,可化为,令,解得,所以直线恒过点,所以B不正确;对于C中,由圆心坐标为和定点,可得,根据圆的性质,当直线与垂直时,直线与圆相交且所截的弦长最短,则最短弦长为,所以C正确;对于D中,由直线恒过定点,且,即点在圆内,所以直线与圆相交,所以D不正确.故选:AC.11.已知曲线,则()A.当时,是圆B.当时,是椭圆且一焦点为C.当时,是椭圆且焦距为D.当时,是焦点在轴上的椭圆【答案】AC【解析】【分析】分别将值代入方程,化简即可判断A、B、C,举例即可说明D.【详解】对于A项,当时,曲线C可化为是圆,A正确;对于B项,当时,曲线C可化为是焦点在轴上的椭圆,B错误;对于C项,当时,曲线是椭圆,且,所以,故C正确;对于D项,当时,曲线不是椭圆,故D错误.故选:AC.12.已知抛物线的焦点为F,过F的直线与C交于A、B两点,且A在x轴上方,过A、B分别作C的准线的垂线,垂足分别为、,则()A.若纵坐标为,则B.C.准线方程为D.以为直径圆与直线相切于F【答案】CD【解析】【分析】根据抛物线的定义、标准方程和抛物线的几何性质,可判定A错误、C正确;设直线的方程为,联立方程方程组,结合向量的数量积的坐标运算和直线与圆的位置关系的判定方法,可判定B错误,D正确.【详解】由抛物线,可得抛物线的焦点,准线,所以C正确;对于A中,由的纵坐标为,可得横坐标为,根据抛物线的定义,可得,所以A错误;对于B中,设直线的方程为,且,,则,,联立方程,整理得,则,,因为,,可得,所以与不互垂直,所以B错误;对于D中,因为,,可得,则,所以的中点到直线的距离,又因,故以为直径的圆与直线相切于,所以D正确.故选:CD.三、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.直线过点,且斜率是倾斜角为的直线斜率的二倍,则直线的方程为_______【答案】【解析】【分析】根据倾斜角与斜率的关系,结合点斜式方程,可得答案.【详解】倾斜角为的直线的斜率,则直线的斜率,由点斜式方程可得,整理可得:.故答案为:.14.写出与圆和都相切的一条直线的方程________________.【答案】或或【解析】【分析】先判断两圆位置关系,分情况讨论即可.【详解】[方法一]:显然直线的斜率不为0,不妨设直线方程为,于是,故①,于是或,再结合①解得或或,所以直线方程有三条,分别为,,填一条即可[方法二]:设圆的圆心,半径为,圆的圆心,半径,则,因此两圆外切,由图像可知,共有三条直线符合条件,显然符合题意;又由方程和相减可得方程,即为过两圆公共切点的切线方程,又易知两圆圆心所在直线OC的方程为,直线OC与直线的交点为,设过该点的直线为,则,解得,从而该切线的方程为填一条即可[方法三]:圆的圆心为,半径为,圆的圆心为,半径为,两圆圆心距为,等于两圆半径之和,故两圆外切,如图,当切线为l时,因为,所以,设方程为O到l的距离,解得,所以l的方程为,当切线为m时,设直线方程为,其中,,由题意,解得,当切线为n时,易知切线方程为,故答案为:或或.15.如图,在正方体中,、分别是、的中点,则异面直线与所成角的大小是____________.【答案】【解析】【详解】试题分析:分别以所在直线为轴,建立空间直角坐标系,设,则,,即异面直线A1M与DN所成角的大小是考点:异面直线所成的角16.已知、分别为椭圆的左、右焦点,为椭圆上的动点,点关于直线的对称点为,点关于直线的对称点为,则当最大时,的面积为__________.【答案】##【解析】【分析】将对称性和椭圆的定义结合起来,得到PM,PN的和为定值,从而知当M、N、P三点共线时,MN的值最大,然后通过几何关系求出,结合余弦定理即可求出三角形的面积.【详解】根据椭圆的方程可知,,连接PM,PN,则,所以当M、N、P三点共线时,|MN|的值最大此时又因,可得在中,由余弦定理可得,,即,解得,故答案为:.【点睛】方法点睛:焦点三角形的作用在焦点三角形中,可以将圆锥曲线的定义,三角形中边角关系,如正余弦定理、勾股定理结合起来.主观题四、解答题:本题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明证明过程或演算步骤.17.已知直线过点,根据下列条件分别求出直线的方程.(1)在轴、轴上的截距互为相反数;(2)与两条坐标轴在第一象限所围成的三角形面积最小.【答案】(1)或;(2)【解析】【分析】(1)分直线过原点和不过原点两种情况求直线方程;(2)写出直线的截距式方程,代入点得,利用不等式即可求解取最值时的,.【小问1详解】①当直线经过原点时,在轴、轴上的截距互为相反数都等于0,此时直线的方程为,②当直线不经过原点时,设直线的方程为在直线上,,,即.综上所述直线的方程为或【小问2详解】由题意可知直线与两坐标轴均交于正半轴,故设直线方程为,将代入可得,故,故,当且仅当,即时等号成立,故此时面积最小为,故直线方程为,即18.如图,在四棱锥中,平面平面,分别为的中点.(1)证明:平面;(2)若与所成的角为,求平面和平面夹角的余弦值.【答案】(1)证明见解析;(2).【解析】【分析】(1)由题设易得四边形为正方形,即,由等腰三角形性质得,再由面面、线面垂直的性质得,最后应用线面垂直的判定证结论;(2)构建空间直角坐标系,根据线线角并应用向量法求坐标,再由面面角余弦值的向量求法求平面和平面夹角的余弦值.【小问1详解】由为的中点,则,,又,,易知:四边形为正方形,即,由,则,又面面,面,面面所以面,面,则,又,面,则平面;【小问2详解】由(1)易知:两两垂直,可建如下空间直角坐标系,所以,设且,则,故,又与所成的角为,所以,则,即,,若为面的一个法向量,则,令,故,又是面的一个法向量,则,所以平面和平面夹角的余弦值为.19.已知圆过点,圆心在直线上,且圆与轴相切.(1)求圆的标准方程;(2)过点作圆的切线,求此切线的方程.【答案】(1)(2)或【解析】【分析】(1)利用直线方程、圆的标准方程运算即可得解.(2)利用直线方程、直线与圆的位置关系、点到直线的距离公式运算即可得解.【小问1详解】解:由题意,圆心在直线上,故设圆心,由于圆与轴相切,∴半径,则圆的方程为:,又∵圆过点,∴,解得:,∴圆的标准方程为.【小问2详解】解:当切线斜率不存在时,因为圆心到直线的距离为,所以是圆的切线方程.当切线斜率存在时,设切线斜率,则切线方程为,即,由直线与圆相切得,解得:,因此过点与圆相切的切线方程为,即,综上知,过点圆的切线方程为或.20.已知椭圆,直线,(1)为何值时,直线与椭圆有公共点;(2)若直线与椭圆相交于,两点,且,求直线的方程.【答案】(1)(2)【解析】【分析】(1)联立直线的方程和椭圆的方程,化简后利用判别式列不等式来求得的取值范围.(2)利用根与系数关系列方程,求得,进而求得直线的方程.【小问1详解】由消去并化简得,若直线与椭圆有公共点,则,即,解得,所以时,直线与椭圆有公共点.【小问2详解】由(1)得,当时,直线与椭圆有两个公共点,设,则,,由于,所以,解得,所以直线的方程为.21.如图,已知斜三棱柱在底面上的射影恰为的中点又知.(1)求证:平面;(2)求到平面的距离.【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)【解析】【分析】(1)由已知可得平面平面,由面面垂直的性质可得平面,则,再结合可证得结论,(2)取的中点,以为坐标原点,,,分别为轴,轴,轴建立空间直角坐标系,利用空间向量计算可得;【小问1详解】证明:∵在底面上的射影为的中点,∴平面平面,∵,且平面平面,平面,∴平面,∵平面,∴,∵,且,平面,∴平面.【小问2详解】解:取的中点,以为坐标原点,,,分别为轴,轴,轴建立空间直角坐标系,∵平面,平面,∴,∴四边形是菱形,∵是的中点,∴,∴,,,,∴,,设平面的法向量,则,,取,,到平面的距离.,平面,平面平面,到平面的距离等于到平面的距离.22.已知双曲线的离心率,,分别为其两条渐近线上的点,若满足的点在双曲线上,且的面积为8,其中为坐标原点.(1)求双曲线的方程;(2)过双曲线的右焦点的动直线与双曲线相交于,两点,在轴上是否存在定点,使为常数?若存在,求出点的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.【答案】(1)(2)存在,【解析】【分析】(1)根据双曲线的离心率得关系,从而可得关系,即可得双曲线渐近线方程,不妨设,,确定点为的中点代入双曲线方程可得与的关系,再由的面积即可求得的值,从而可得双曲线的方程;(2)当直线的斜率存在时,设直线方程与交点坐标,代入双曲线方程后可得交点坐标关系,设,满足为常数即可求得的值,并且检验直线的斜率不存在时是否满足该定值即可.【小问1详解】由离心率,得,所以,则双曲线的渐近线方程为,因为,分别为其两条渐近线上的点,所以,不妨设,,由于,则点为的中点,所以,又点在双曲线上,所以,整理得:因为的面积为8,所以,则,故双曲线的方程为;【小问2详解】由(1)可得,所以为当直线的斜率存在时,设方程为:,,则,所以,则恒成立,所以,假设在轴上是否存在定点,设,则要使得为常数,则,解得,定点,;又当直线的斜率不存在时,直线的方程为,代入双曲线可得,不妨取,若,则,符合上述结论;综上,在轴上存在定点,使为常数,且.【点睛】关键点睛:解决本题的关键是利用交点坐标关系,假设在轴上是否存在定点,设,验证所求定值时,根据数量积的坐标运算与直线方程坐标转换可得,要使得其为定值,则与直线斜率无关,那么在此分式结构中就需满足分子分母对应系数成比例,从而可得含的方程,通过解方程确定的存在,使得能确定定点坐标的同时还可得到定值,并且要验证直线斜率不存在的情况.。
浙江省宁波市三锋教研联盟2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中联考英语试题(含答案)
2024学年第一学期宁波三锋教研联盟期中联考高二年级英语学科试题考生须知:1.本卷共10页满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前,在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。
3.所有答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后,只需上交答题纸。
选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman ask the boy to doA. Wash his hands.B. Prepare some food.C. Mop the floor.2. When are the speakers supposed to meetA. On Sunday.B. On Saturday.C. On Friday.3. How does the woman soundA. Tired.B. Energetic.C. Worried.4. With whom did the man go to Russia last yearA. His friends.B. His family members.C. His fellow workers.5. Why does the woman refuse to take the man’s adviceA. She worries the dress is unsuitable for the occasion.B. She thinks the dress is a bit old-fashioned.C. She believes the dress is too thick for her.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
廊坊八中2018—2018学年第一学期期中考试
高二物理
一、选择题:(每小题4分,10小题,共40分.下列各题中有一个或几个答案是正确的,请选出正确答案,选全的得4分,对而不全的得2分,有选错的或不选的得0分)
1.某物质的质量为m、密度为ρ、阿伏伽德罗常数为N A、摩尔质量为M,用下面那组数
据,可以计算出该物质的一个分子的质量()
A.m、N A B.M、N A C.ρ、N A D.m、ρ、N A
2.有两个分子,用r来表示它们的距离。
当r=r0时,两分子间的引力和斥力大小相等,使两分子从相距很远逐渐靠近,直至不能靠近为止。
在整个过程中两分子间相互作用的势能()
A.一直增加 B.一直减小
C.先增加后减小D.先减小后增大
3.关于物体内能的变化,以下说法中正确的是()
A.物体吸收热量,内能一定增加
B.物体吸收热量,同时对外做功,内能可能不变
C.物体对外做功,内能一定减小
D.物体放出热量,同时对外做功,内能可能不变
4.关于温度,以下说法正确的是()
A.温度是表示物体冷热程度的物理量
B.温度是物体内大量分子平均速率大小的标志
C.温度是物体内大量分子平均动能大小的标志
D.温度是表示物体所含热量多少的标志
5.一根一端封闭的玻璃管开口向下插入水银槽中,内封一定质量的气体,管内水银面低于
管外。
在温度不变时,将玻璃管插入一些,如图所示,下列说法Array正确的是()
A.玻璃管内气体体积减小
B.玻璃管内气体体积增大
C.管内外水银面高度差减小
D.管内外水银面高度差增大
6.热力学第二定律指出()
A .不可能使热量由低温物体传递到高温物体
B .不可能从单一热源吸收热量并把它全部用来做功
C .热机效率η≤1
D .大量分子参与的宏观过程具有方向性
7.关于电场线的叙述,以下说法正确的是( )
A .电场线上任意一点的切线方向就是电荷在该点的运动方向
B .电场线为曲线的是非匀强电场,电场线为直线的是匀强电场
C .顺着电场线的方向移动电荷,电荷的电势能一定降低
D .只受电场力作用的正电荷的加速度方向一定和它所在处的电场强度方向一致
8.在如图所示的实验装置中,平行板电容器的极板B 与一灵敏静电计相接,极板A 接地。
若极板A 稍向上移动一点,由观察到的静电计指针变化作出平行板电容器电容变小的结论的依据是( )
A .两极板间的电压不变,极板上的电量变小
B .两极板间的电压不变,极板上的电量变大
C .极板上的电量几乎不变,两极板间的电压变大
D .极板上的电量几乎不变,两极板间的电压变小
9.如图所示,实线是一个电场中的电场线,虚线是一个负
检验电荷在这个电场中的轨迹,若电荷是从a 处运动到b 处,
以下判断正确的是( )
A .电荷从a 到b 加速度减小
B .b 处电势能大
C .b 处电势高
D .电荷在b 处速度最大
10.两个大小相同、带等量异种电荷的导体小球A 和B ,彼此间的引力为F .另一个不带电的与A 、B 大小相同的导体小球C , 先与A 接触, 再与B 接触,然后移开,这时A 和B 之间的作用力为F',则F 与F'之比为
A .8:3
B .8:1
C .1:8
D .4:1 二、填空题:(6小题,每空2分,共30分)
11.在点电荷Q 形成的电场中有一点A ,其电势为1.2×118V (无限远处的电势为零)。
现
在A 点固定一个电量为3×10-4C 的正电荷,而将Q 由静止释放,在Q 移到无穷远的过程
中,电场力做功为 J ,电荷Q 的动能改变了 J 。
12.电场中有abc三点,2×10-8C的正电荷从a到b电场力做功4×10-6J,3×10-8C的负电荷从b到c电场力作功9×10-6J,则U ab=V,U bc=V,U ab=V。
13.已知将电量q=2.0×10-7C的电荷从电场中的M 点移到N 时,电场力做功5×10-5J,将该电荷从N点移到无穷远点时,电场力做功1.5×10-5 J,则M点的电势为,N点的电势为。
14.在电场中放一电量为q=-3.2×10-8C的点电荷,受到电场力大小F=8.0×10-6N,该力的方向跟P点电场强度的方向,P点的场强大小为;如果在P点放另一带电量为q=6.4×10-8库仑的点电荷,则点电荷所受电场力大小为;方向跟P 点场强方向;如果P点无电荷,则P点的场强应为。
15.现有3kg的水,则含水分子数个,每个水分子质量为kg,若水分子是一个挨一个排列,则每个水分子的体积为m3.
三、实验题:(6分)
16.在做《用油膜法估测分子大小》的实验中,用油酸酒精溶液的为每118mL溶液中有纯油酸6mL注射器测得1mL述溶液为75滴.把一滴该溶液滴人盛水的浅盘里,待水面稳定
玻璃板放在坐标纸上,其形状和尺寸如图所示.坐标中正方形方格的
边长为1cm,则:
(1)油酸膜的面积是cm2.
(2)每滴油酸酒精中含有纯油酸的体积;
(3)按以上实验数据估测出油酸分子的直径.
四、计算题:(3小题,17题8分,18题6分,19题10分,共24分,要求有必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤,只有结果没有过程的不能得分,有数值计算的必须写出数值和单位)
17.(8分)取一个横截面积为S=3×10-2m2的不高的圆筒,筒内装有质量为m=0.6kg的水,用它来测量射到地面上的太阳能,某天中午在太阳光下照射2min后,水的温度升高了△t=1℃.已知射到大气顶层的太阳能只有43%到达地面,另外57%被大气吸收和反射,而未到达地面,地球到太阳的距离r=1.5×1011m,水的比热容c=4.2×103J/kg,试估算太阳辐
射的功率P.
18.(6分)空中有竖直向下的电场,电场强度的大小处处相等.一个质量为m=2.0×10 kg 的带电微粒,其带电量是6.0×10-8C,它在空中下落的加速度为0.1g.设微粒的带电量不变,空气阻力不计,取g = 10m /s2,求空中电场强度的大小。
19.(10分)如图所示,两平行板A、B相距为d,电势差为U,A板电势比B板高。
在A 板中央有一小块放射性物质,它能不断地向各个方向放射出质量为m、电量为q的带正电的粒子,粒子的最大速度为v0。
由于B板内侧涂有荧光粉,当粒子到达B板后能被B板吸收并发出荧光。
(不计粒子的重力)求B板上的发光面积。