MPA专业词汇
公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇
公共管理硕士（MPA）重要英语词汇force, enforce, reinforce, report, scope, spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse, afford, anxiety, atmosphere, blame, bargain, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious, convince, custom, desperate, encourage, discourage, economic, economy, motive, promote, emotional, motion, fail to, flat, install, intimate, limit, major, no matter, neutral, outlet, perform, inform, formal, normal, radiate, authority, companion, concept, create, creature, dentist, identify, identical, identity, engage, entitle, evaluate, fluid, influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense, interpret, justice, adjust, judge, minor, observe, deserve, preserve, parallel, percept, stuff, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder, widespread, ambition, approach, brief, conquer, result, consult, insult, deliberate, despair, compare, emergence, emergency, establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate, handy, incredible, inherit, conference, infer, offer, interfere, length, manufacture, mood, necessity, noble, occasion, occasional, output, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice, practical, recognize, release, rescue, maintain, remain, obtain, entertain, rural, urban, similar to, trial, trail, witness, absolute, accumulate, in advance, advanced, advantage, agent, appeal, application, point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim, climate, complicate, comprise, considerable, resume, consume, assume, contact, convict, crew, crucial, define, definite, deliver, disaster, disorder, diverse, economic, alert, exert, facility, faith, faithful, gap, sympathy, trace, track, visual, vision, worship, apparatus, brand, civil, clarity, declare, combine, connect, consider, insert, desert, drown, external, frank, press, impress, pressure, depress, express, indispensable, inspect, respect, prospect, perspective, peculiar, particular, likely,。
公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览
公共管理硕士（MPA）重要英语词汇一览
（一）
normal, radiate发射, authority,
companion同事同伴, concept概念, create,creature, dentist, identify鉴别, identical同一的, identity认出, engage使……雇佣、聘用, entitle给……权利、资格, evaluate估价,fluid、solid流体、固体，influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense紧张的、强烈的、剧烈的, interpret解释、说明、口译, justice正义、公平, adjust, judge, minor次要的、未成年的, observe遵守、测评、评估, deserve应受、值的, preserve保护、维护、维持, parallel平行的、并列的, percept知觉、对象, stuff塞满、原料, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder惊讶, widespread广泛的、普遍的, ambition雄心、大志, approach, brief摘要、大纲、短的,
MPA专业单词Unit 1-10
Unit 1 Opening Administration to the Public市政府municipal government采纳adopt出席be present行政事务administrative affairs人民代表大会the people’s congress中国人民政治协商会议the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 民主党派democratic party工商联合会the Association of Industry and Commerce县级以上政府government at or above county level财政预算financial budget福利待遇welfare treatment招、投标bidding官员任命appointment of officials劳模model workers调动transfer机构改革institutional reform官员自律self-discipline of officials义务、责任obligation中国入世China’s entry into the WTO政府职能转换transformation of government functions经济增长economic growth处理相关事务handle related affairs红头文件red-title documents律师lawyer会计师accountant下岗工人laid-offs相关程序relevant procedures市政建设municipal construction效率efficiency监督supervision反馈feedback处罚penalty调查survey多功能服务系统multi-functional service system人口稠密社区densely populated community透明度transparency办公自动化office automation城市总体规划the overall city planning决策部门decision-making departmentUnit 2 Why Public Management Reform?公共开支public expenditure产生generate监督成本monitoring costs均衡equilibrium现状status quoUnit 3 Reform of the Administration and Local Public Services: Introduction decentralization 分权化centralization 集权化liberalization 自由化devolution权力下放regional authorities 地方当局integration一体化instability 不稳定local tax revenue 地方税收municipal 市政的private enterprise 私营企业democracy 民主local autonomy地方自治conventional practice 传统做法public sector公共部门privatization私有化governance治理empowerment放权augment扩大、增加、增长accountability负责任Unit 4 State and MarketI. Words and expressionsMacroeconomic宏观经济的Microeconomic微观经济的Judicial司法的；法院的new entry 初入，新进入entrepreneur 企业家gross national income(GNI) 国民收入总值per capita人均per capita gross national income: gross national product divided by the number of people living in the country.gross national product(GNP)国民生产总值: the total value of goods and services produced in a country’s economy, including income from abroad.gross domestic product(GDP)国内生产总值: the total value of goods and services produced in a country’s economy, not including income from abroad.rating 考核、定级levy 征收incentive 刺激、鼓励marginal tax rate边际税率: the amount by which tax revenue increase per unit increase invalue in a taxed activity.Distance education远程教育monopoly垄断generate 产生；导致access to接近；进入；接近（进入）的方法（权利、机会等）dramatically 大幅度地account for说明（原因等）impose on 强加meet the requirement/ the need/ the demand…on average 平均enhance提高、增加、增强stagnant停滞的、不流动的；萧条的、不景气的vibrant活跃的、充满活力的present:a.1)existing or happening now 现在的、目前的e.g.The present situation is quite unfavourable to us.2)at an event, or in a place 出席的、在场的e.g.When it happened, I was not presentn.1)gift 礼物e.g.The boy was asked to wait for a present.2)the period of time时间段e.g.We must learn to live in the presentv.1)give sb. sth. formally or officially 赠送、呈献e.g.John was the guest of honour and presented the awards.2)offer sth for people to consider or judge递交、呈递e.g.The commission presented its report in April.3)show sb.or sth. in a particular way so that people have a particular opinion about them 上演e.g.The film presents a disturbing image of youth culture.take over: He took over the company at the death of his father.take in: It’s easy for children to take in milk.This shirt is too long for me, please take it in.Why is it so easy for people to be taken in?take to: He took to the girl/ smoking when he was only sixteen.take up: He took up stamp-collecting as his hobby.Reading takes up 20 percent of his time at home at night.be critical to 关键的comparable/ comparativeensure: We can ensure that the project will be finished in time.insure sth. against sth.: You can insure your house against fire.assure sb. of sth: I can assure you of the security of the information.take responsibility forUnit 6 Developing and Designing Performance Management Performance绩效Effectiveness有效Efficiency有效Morale士气Forge打造Integrative整合的，整体的Holistic总体的，全部的Intent 意图，目的Bring sth. into line with sth. else使协调起来，使一致Unitarist一元论Be at odds with与有争执；与不一致Accommodate使适应；容纳，接纳Plurality众多，许多Deficient缺乏的，不足的Predominant占优势;主要的，突出的In essence实质上Appraisal评估Be mindful of留心，注意，不忘记Implementation贯彻，履行Be consistent with 与一致Stance姿态，态度Allow for考虑到Incorporate结合；体现Encompass围绕，包围；包含Infuse向……注入，向……灌输；泡制，浸渍Implicit含蓄的；内含的，固有的Intensive加强的，集中的；深入细致的Articulate能说话的，表达地清楚有力At large未被捕，逍遥自在；详尽地；普遍的，一般的，代表整个的Unit 8 The Economic Perspective for the People’s republic of China disparity 不一致，不同coastal 沿海的interior内陆的financial sector 经济部门surge 汹涌澎湃，冲浪buoyant有浮力的，轻快的fixed asset investment 固定资产投资housing mortgage loan住宅抵押贷款western region development strategy西部开发战略disposable income 可分配收入，税后收入trigger 激发，引起ameliorate 改善，改进，改良consecutive 连续的integrated一体化的，完整的jurisdiction 权限procurement 获得the general tariff level关税总水平rebate 回扣，折扣aggravate deflationary pressure加重通货紧缩压力fiscal stimulus 财政激励constrain抑制contemplate 期待，反复打算bailout应急贷款，紧急援助fledge缺乏经验的，初出茅庐的tapers逐渐减少，逐渐停止offset抵消momentum力量,动量，势头project 规划，设计excess capacity产能过量entrant进入者，新加入者resource-extensive 资源粗放型labour-intensive劳动密集型honoring contracts执行合同auditing standard 审计准则，审计标准disclosure揭发address提到，提出degradation品质下降pro-亲exacerbate 加剧vulnerability易受攻击，脆弱institute 实行，建立，开始，创立regulatory规章制度conform to使一致，使符合resilient有弹性的regime政体，政治，统治Unit 9 China seeks Peaceful Growth Holistically全面地shake off摆脱multiplication scenario乘法情境negligible微不足道的mega大的（兆）provoking使人烦恼的abundant丰富的，充裕的magnitude大cohesion粘着力，结合slacken放松，松懈make further strides更进一步blaze用光照耀detach from分开，分离foster养育，促进initiative首创精神，积极性，主动usher引领wrestle斗争，搏斗weigh up估量tap开发hefty异常大的bring into play发挥adhere to坚持hegemony霸主contend for竞争，斗争testify证明，证实strive for努力，奋斗，力求unswerving直的，不偏离的draw on利用Unit 10 The Largest Recipient of Foreign Capital conglomerate联合大企业stipulation条款，项目franchise特许overhaul详细检查sluggish缓慢的hamper妨碍，阻碍given假设disposal income税后收入。
MPA联考英语大纲词汇
ability [4'biliti] n.能力，智能，才能
able ['eib4l] a.能够的，有能力的，能干的
abnormal [1b'n3:m4l] a.反常的，不正常的
aboard [4'b3:d] ad./prep.在船(飞机，车)上
abolish [4'b3li5] v.废除，废止，取消
abroad [4'br3:d] ad.在国外，在海外；到处
absence ['1bs4ns] n.缺席，不在场
absent ['1bs4nt,4b'sent]
Байду номын сангаасabsorb [4b's3:b] v.吸收；吸引，使专心
abstract ['1bstr1kt] a.抽象的，难解的 n.摘要，概要，文摘
absurd [4b's4:d] a.荒谬的，荒唐的
abortion [4'b3:54n] n.流产，早产，堕胎；(计划等的)失败
abound [4'baund] v.丰富，盛产，富足
about [4'baut] ad.在四周，到处，在周围；大约 prep.关于， 对于，在...周围，在...附近
above [4'b8v] prep.在...上面；上述的 a./ad.在上面
accidental [`1ksi'dentl] a.偶然的；意外的
accommodate [4'k3m4deit] v.容纳，接纳；提供住宿；使适应
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accompany [4'k8mp4ni] v.陪伴，伴随；为...伴奏
mpa考研英语二高频词汇
mpa考研英语二高频词汇
- grow：出现20次以上，意为“生长，种植，增长”。
- produce：出现20次以上，有“生产，产生”等意思。
- learn：出现20次以上，可作动词，意为“学习”。
- pay：出现20次以上，可作名词，意为“工资，报酬”，也可作动词，意为“支付，付款”。
- economic：出现10次以上，意为“经济的，经济学的”。
- emotional：出现10次以上，意为“情感的，情绪的”。
- employ：出现10次以上，有“使用，雇佣”等意思。
- finance：出现10次以上，可作名词，意为“金融，财政”，也可作动词，意为“为……提供资金”。
- goal：出现10次以上，意为“目标，目的”。
- social：出现10次以上，意为“社会的，社交的”。
- weight：出现10次以上，有“重量，体重”等意思。
- increase：出现10次以上，可作名词，意为“增加，增长”，也可作动词，意为“增加，提高”。
- lead：出现10次以上，可作名词，意为“领导，引导”，也可作动词，意为“领导，引导”。
- regular：出现10次以上，意为“有规律的，经常的”。
- energy：出现10次以上，意为“能量，精力”。
- find：出现10次以上，可作名词，意为“发现”，也可作动词，意为“发现，找到”。
你可以根据个人的实际情况，选择适合自己的词汇表进行学习。
MPA重要英语词汇一览
重要英语词汇一览force, enforce, reinforce, report, scope, spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse, afford, anxiety, atmosphere, blame, bargain, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious, convince, custom, desperate, encourage, discourage, economic, economy, motive, promote, emotional, motion, fail to, flat, install, intimate, limit, major, no matter, neutral, outlet, perform, inform, formal,normal, radiate, authority, companion, concept, create, creature, dentist, identify, identical, identity, engage, entitle, evaluate, fluid, influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense, interpret, justice, adjust, judge, minor, observe, deserve, preserve, parallel, percept, stuff, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder, widespread, ambition, approach, brief,conquer, result, consult, insult, deliberate, despair, compare, emergence, emergency, establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate, handy, incredible, inherit, conference, infer, offer, interfere, length, manufacture, mood, necessity, noble, occasion, occasional, output, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice, practical, recognize, release, rescue, maintain, remain, obtain,entertain, rural, urban, similar to, trial, trail, witness, absolute, accumulate, in advance, advanced, advantage, agent, appeal, application, point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim,climate, complicate, comprise, considerable, resume, consume, assume, contact, convict, crew, crucial, define, definite, deliver, disaster, disorder, diverse, economic, alert, exert, facility, faith,faithful, gap, sympathy, trace, track, visual, vision, worship, apparatus, brand, civil, clarity, declare, combine, connect, consider, insert, desert, drown, external, frank, press, impress, pressure, depress, express, indispensable, inspect, respect, prospect, perspective, peculiar, particular, likely, inquire, require, acquire, request, result , consult, insult, spray,announce, pronounce, apparent, boundary, frontier, nullity, debate, decrease, increase, reduce, include, conclude, exclude, federal, firm, forecast, foresee, grateful, integrate, divide, individual, fence, defense, offend, portion, proper, property, reputation, restrict, loyal, royal, spot, terminal, alter, alternate, alternative, concrete, consequent, explode, explore, exploit, hesitate, imagine, influence, innocent, guilty, persuade, possess, sample, support, vital, burden, elect, select, collect, collective, contribute, distribute, attribute, abuse, prejudice, avoid, escape, capture, compete, effort, enthusiasm, involve, evolve, imply, reply, multiply, issue, modify, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award, reward, shelter, skim,in spite of, temporary,vehicle, ancestor associate, refuse, confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible, invisible, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil, stimulate, suffer, tense, accompany, analyze, conflict, convenient, derive, deprive, thrive, dominate, element, gallery, interval, lock, lack, match, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant, independent,inspire, motion, promote, remote, motive, numerous, relevant, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh, tempt, attempt, contract, attract, candidate, commercial, communicate, contain, coordinate, respond, correspond, emphasis, enclose, focus, instinct, investigate, invest, manner, mere, nerve, political, policy, reliable, resemble, assemble, shape, sophisticate, stain, strain, symbol, triumph, upright, vigorous, benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance, chain store, concentrate, delegate, diligent, dispute, estimate, factor, intentional, occupy, inject, reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive, revive, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern, continue, deny, distance, insure, invade, mature, mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect,purpose, raw, refurbish, remove, restore, resort, scarcely, specific, target, alarm, approve, certify, certificate, frost, fund, genuine, intend, material, memory, primitive, propose, ruin, shadow, contrary, sufficient, accent, actually, adequate, anxious, attach, awkward, budget, capture, channel, circulate, community, company,consent, cooperate, cultivate, depart, devote,dismiss, distant, enhance, eventually, fierce, manage, overnight, passion, passive, postpone, progress, pursue, react, render, sense, treat, treaty, capacity, civilian, compel, contradiction, crack, curiosity, departure, devise, device, secure, accurate, depend, distinguish, plain, complain, explain, financial, hurt, injure, harm, destroy, ruin, comprise ,contain, embody ,subsume, construct, structure, isolate, labor, task, overlook, overcome, resist, insist, state, supreme, superior, volume, absorb, account, achieve, universal, convert, reverse, apply, applicable, applicant, application, broad, board, cancel, casual, cancer, classify, comfort, submit, permit, emit, complex, conduct, constant, core, demand, command, comment, commend,mental, recommend, mention, design, signal, significant, protect, detect, point, appoint, appointment, disappoint, duration, durable, employ, excess, exceed, success, succeed, process, proceed, false, impose, indicate, predict, opportunity, personal, pose, dispose, expose, suppose, oppose, compose, impose, deposit, poison, poverty, cautious, prove, improve, record, relieve, sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign, cause, commission, component, content, intention, crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard, discipline,anticipate, participate, principal, principle, familiar, feature, feasible, indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally, virtually, deal with, copewith, doubt, density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate, countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually, precious, precise, appreciate, reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length, supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive, preference, produce, reflect, scale, semester, shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer,accomplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist, resist, consist, colony, confront, conventional, descend, donate, elementary, eliminate, frequent, incline, instant, merit, military, prevent, represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge, continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option, phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial, creature, determine, distinct, encounter, environment, fatigue。
mpa专业英语单词
可编辑精品专业单词：客体object ；主体subject subject；；我国our country our country；；农村rural area rural area；；城市urban urban；；特点feature feature；；干预intervention intervention；；模式mode mode；；市场经济market economy market economy；；计划经济planned economy planned economy；；转型期transition period transition period；；途径approach approach；；规则regulation regulation；；范围scope/area scope/area；；内容content content；；力度；通货膨胀inflation inflation；；财政赤字financial deficit financial deficit；；传统traditional traditional；；现代modern modern；；强调emphasize emphasize；；权力authority authority；；社会和谐harmonious society harmonious society；；科学发展观scientific outlook on development on development；；西方国家the western country the western country；；协调harmonize harmonize；；结构structure structure；；优点弱点机会挑战SWOT strength weakness opportunity threaten threaten；；阶段period period；；经济人economic man economic man；；官僚制bureaucracy bureaucracy；；因素；参与participant participant；；期望anticipate anticipate；；中国共产党CCP China communist party communist party；；自主权autonomy autonomy；；逐渐gradually gradually；；社区community community；；优点优点//缺点merit/demerit merit/demerit；；创造create create；； 调查investigate investigate；； 背景background background；；西方国家western country western country；； 引入竞争机制introduce competition into competition into；； 市场化marketization marketization；； 社会化socialization socialization；； 市场机制market mechanism market mechanism；； 增长率growth rate growth rate；； 合法、法治、负责、透明、有效legally legally、、rule of law rule of law、、accountability accountability、、transparency transparency、、effectiveness effectiveness；；放权放权//授权代理devolution devolution；； 定义definition definition；； 分权decentralization decentralization；； 质疑suspicion suspicion；；地方自治local autonomy local autonomy；； 自上而下自上而下//自下而上top down/bottom up down/bottom up；；经济危机economic crisis economic crisis；；多样的multiple multiple；； 宏观调控macroeconomic control control；；微观经济microeconomic microeconomic；； 资源有效配置efficient allocation of resources allocation of resources；； 努力effort effort；； 通过via/through via/through；； 分配assign assign；；政企分开separate government function from enterprise management management；； 制度system system；；根本目的the fundamental goal goal；；基本原则the fundamental principle principle；； 必要条件necessary conditions conditions；；必要手段necessary means necessary means；； 要素element element；；提高uplift uplift；； 信誉reputation reputation；； 局限性limitation limitation；； 规划plan plan；； 开发develop develop；；预测；预测forecast forecast；完善；完善perfect perfect；； needful 需要的；监督supervise/supervision supervise/supervision；； 农民peasant peasant；； 网友net friend net friend；； 同事colleague colleague；； 极美的gorgeous gorgeous；； 推进promotion 专业词组： 面临挑战face the challenge challenge；； 抓住机遇seize the opportunity opportunity；；迎接挑战meet the challenge meet the challenge；； 建立健全establish and improve improve；；加入WTO accession to WTO WTO accession to WTO；；； 采取有效措施take effective measures measures；； 源于derive from derive from；；深化改革deepen the reform deepen the reform；； 维护社会稳定maintain social stability stability；；加大力度strengthen the efforts to efforts to；； 转变职能adjust the government functions government functions；； 合同外包contract services contract services；； 连接词组： 随着…along with； 把…看作regard as regard as；； 在过去in the past in the past；； 当前currently currently；；在…条件下on condition that on condition that；； 20世纪70年代末年代末//初the late/early 1970s late/early 1970s（念（念the seventieth of the 20th century century））；加大力度strengthen the effort to effort to；；加快改革accelerate the reform reform；；在20世纪in the 20th century century；； 与……相比compared with compared with；； 主要体现在mainly embodies at at；；由于as a result of/due to/because of to/because of；主要类型如下；主要类型如下the principal types are as follows follows；；解决……矛盾resolve the contradiction of contradiction of；； 优点优点//缺点是theadvantage/disadvantage advantage/disadvantage；； 根据……标准according to the standard of standard of；因此；因此therefore/thus therefore/thus；；把……分类为classify …as…； 一方面，另一方面on one hand,on the other hand hand,on the other hand；；专业名词： 公共管理硕士公共管理硕士 master of master of public administration public administration；； 公共组织public organization organization；；公共部门 public sector public sector；；政府改革government reform government reform；； 治理governance governance；； 善治good governance good governance；； 管理者Manager Manager；； 行政者administrator administrator；； 公共行政Public administration administration；；公共管理public management public management；； 公共政策public policy public policy；； public affair 公共事务；公共物品public goods public goods；； 私人物品private goods private goods；； 非政府组织非政府组织//非营利组织NGO/NPO Non-governmental Organization/Non-Profit Organization Organization；； 组织organization organization；；第三部门the third sector the third sector；； 经合组织OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Development；； 政府间关系IGRintergovernmental relations intergovernmental relations；；绩效管理performance management management；； 战略管理strategic management management；； 问责制government accountability accountability；；政府工具政府工具 governmental tool governmental tool governmental tool；； 全面质量管理TQM total quality management quality management；；目标管理MBO management by objectives objectives；标杆管理；标杆管理benchmarking management benchmarking management；； 政府作用government role government role；； 公共政策public policy public policy；； 人力资源管理HRM human resource management resource management；； 公共经济管理public economy management management；公共管理伦理；公共管理伦理public administration ethics ethics；；政府工具governmental tool governmental tool；； 政府失败government failures failures；； 新公共管理new public management management；； 绩效评估performance evaluation evaluation；； 流程再造process re-engineering re-engineering；；.。
mpa英语汇总
Mpa英语汇总1. abide [əˈbaɪd]v.遵守2. capacity[kəˈpæsəti]n.容量;能力;接受力3. norm[nɔ:m] n.准则,规范,准则4. normal[ˈnɔ:ml] a.普通的;正规的,标准的5. establish[ɪˈstæblɪʃ]v.建立;安置,使定居6. establishment[ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt]n.建立,设立,建立的机构7. stability[stəˈbɪləti] n.稳定,安定8. abound [əˈbaʊnd]a.丰富，大量存在9. abundant [əˈbʌndənt]a.丰富的，充裕的10. abroad [əˈbrɔ:d]adv.宽广;在国外11. abrupt [əˈbrʌpt]a.唐突的12. disrupt[dɪsˈrʌpt]vt.使混乱，使崩溃，使分裂13. absent [ˈæbsənt]a.缺席的14. absence [ˈæbsəns]n.缺席15. extract[ˈekstrækt]v./n.拔出;摘录 n.抽取物16. attract[əˈtrækt]v.吸引17. attractive[əˈtræktɪv]a.有吸引力的18. academic [ˌækəˈdemɪk]a.学院的;学术的19. academy [əˈkædəmi]n.学院20. excel[ɪkˈsel]vi.擅长 vt.胜过21. acceptance [əkˈseptəns]n.接受22. susceptible[səˈseptəbl] a.易受影响的;易受感动的;易受感染的23. access [ˈækses]n.入口;享用权 v.接近24. excessive[ɪkˈsesɪv] a.过多的;过分的;额外25. predecessor[ˈpri:dɪsesə(r)] n.前辈，前任26. process[ˈprəʊses] n.过程v.加工,处理27. succession[səkˈseʃn] n.连续,系列;继任28. proceed[prəˈsi:d] v.进行,继续下去;发生29. succeed[səkˈsi:d] vi.成功vt.接替30. precede[prɪˈsi:d] v.领先(于),在(…之前);优先31. accident [ˈæksɪdənt]n.事故32. acclaim [əˈkleɪm]v.欢呼，喝彩33. claim[kleɪm]v.要求n.要求;断言34. accompany [əˈkʌmpəni]v.陪伴35. accomplish [əˈkʌmplɪʃ]v.完成，达到目的36. accord [əˈkɔ:d]v.一致，符合37. according to [əˈkɔ:dɪŋ tə]按照38. account [əˈkaʊnt]n.账目 v.报账;解释39. accumulate [əˈkju:mjəleɪt]v.积累40. curious[ˈkjʊəriəs]a.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的41. secure[sɪˈkjʊə(r)] a.(from,against)安全的v.得到42. security[sɪˈkjʊərəti] n.安全(感),防御(物),保证(人)43. accuse [əˈkju:z]v.谴责44. accustomed [əˈkʌstəmd]a.习惯的45. used[ju:st] a.用旧了的，习惯于…;过去惯/经常46. achieve [əˈtʃi:v]v.成就，成功47. acknowledge [əkˈnɒlɪdʒ]v.承认48. acquire [əˈkwaɪə(r)]v.获得，学到49. acquaintance [əˈkweɪntəns]n.熟人，熟事50. acquisition [ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn]n.获得;获得物51. active [ˈæktɪv]a.积极的，活跃的52. transaction[trænˈzækʃn] n.办理,处理;交易53. agenda[əˈdʒendə]n.议事日程，待办事项54. adapt [əˈdæpt]v.使适应，改编55. property[ˈprɒpəti] n.财产;性质,特性56. address [əˈdres]n.地址，演讲 v.处理，解决57. adequate [ˈædɪkwət]a.足够的，相当的58. equipment[ɪˈkwɪpmənt]n.设备,装置;才能59. equivalent[ɪˈkwɪvələnta.(to)相等的n.相等物60. adhere [ədˈhɪə(r)]v.黏贴;坚持61. coherent[kəʊˈhɪərənt]a.一致的，协调的;(话语等)条理清楚的62. conjunction[kənˈdʒʌŋkʃn]n.接合，连接;连(接)词63. subject[ˈsʌbdʒɪkt] n.主题a.隶属的64. objective[əbˈdʒektɪv] n.目标a.客观的65. adjust [əˈdʒʌst]v.调整，使适应，校正66. administration[ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn]n.管理67. admission[ədˈmɪʃn]n.承认68. adopt[əˈdɒpt]v.采纳，收养69. advance[ədˈvɑ:ns]v.前进70. advantage[ədˈvɑ:ntɪdʒ]n.优势71. anticipate[ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt]v.预见，期望72. advent[ˈædvent]n.到来，来临73. convention[kənˈvenʃn] n.大会;惯例;公约74. conversely[ˈkɒnvɜ:sli]ad.相反地75. reverse[rɪˈvɜ:s] n.相反a.相反的76. version[ˈvɜ:ʃn] n.版本;译本;说法77. affect[əˈfekt]v.影响78. affirm[əˈfɜ:m]v.断言，确认79. confirm[kənˈfɜ:m]v.使更坚固;(进一步)证实;确认80. fluctuate[ˈflʌktʃueɪt v.(使)波动;(使)起伏81. influential[ˌɪnfluˈenʃl] a.有影响的;有权势的82. afford[əˈfɔ:d]v.负担得起83. aggravate[ˈægrəveɪt]v.加重84. alleviate[əˈli:vieɪt]v.减轻85. congress[ˈkɒŋgres]n.(代表)大会;(美国等国的)国会,议会86. airline[ˈeəlaɪn]n.航线，航空公司87. alert[əˈlɜ:t]a.警惕的88. alien[ˈeɪliən]a.外国的，相异的89. allege[əˈledʒ]v.宣称，断言90. linguistic[lɪŋˈgwɪstɪk]a.语言的，语言学的91. alliance[əˈlaɪəns]n.结盟，同盟92. allowance[əˈlaʊəns]n.津贴，补贴;默许93. alter[ˈɔ:ltə(r)]v.变更94. amiable[ˈeɪmiəbl]a.和蔼的95. amaze[əˈmeɪz]v.使大吃一惊96. ambiguous[æmˈbɪgjuəs]a.模棱两可的，含糊的97. vague[veɪg] a.不明确的,含糊的,暧昧的98. extravagant[ɪkˈstrævəgənt]a.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的99. amend[əˈmend]v.修改100. amuse[əˈmju:z]v.使娱乐，使消遣101. analyze['ænəlaɪz]v.分解;分析102. synthetic[sɪnˈθetɪk] a.合成的,人造的;综合的103. apart[əˈpɑ:t]a.分开的104. department[dɪˈpɑ:tmənt]n.部门;系105. departure[dɪˈpɑ:tʃə(r)]n.离开,起程106. partial[ˈpɑ:ʃl] a.部分的;偏袒的,偏爱的107. participate[pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpeɪt] v.(in)参与;分享;含有108. appeal[əˈpi:l]v.恳求，上诉;吸引109. plead[pli:d] v.恳求;为…辩护;提出…为理由110. competitive [kəmˈpetitiv]a.竞争的;好竞争的;(价格等的)有竞争力的111. application[ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn]n.申请;应用112. appraisal[əˈpreɪzl]n.评价，估量113. appreciate[əˈpri:ʃieɪt]v.欣赏，鉴赏;感激114. precious[ˈpreʃəs] a.珍贵的,贵重的115. approach[əˈprəʊtʃ]v.接近 n.途径，方法116. routine[ru:ˈti:n] n.常规 a.常规的117. approve[əˈpru:v]v.批准118. argue[ˈɑ:gju:]v.争论;主张119. arouse[əˈraʊz]v.唤起120. arrest[əˈrest]v.逮捕，拘捕121. arrogant[ˈærəgənt]a.傲慢的，自大的122. articulate[ɑ:ˈtɪkjuleɪt]a.有关节的;发音清晰的123. artistic[ɑ:ˈtɪstɪk]a.艺术的124. descend[dɪˈsend]v.下来,下降;遗传(指财产,气质,权利)125. transcend[trænˈsend] vt.超出,超越(经验、知识、能力的范围) 126. insult[ɪnˈsʌlt] vt./n.侮辱,凌辱127. assert[əˈsɜ:t]v.断言，声称128. assess[əˈses]v.评估，评价129. asset[ˈæset]n.资产130. similar[ˈsɪmələ(r)] a.(to)相似的,类似的131. eliminate[ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt]vt.除去;淘汰;排(删,消)除132. assist[əˈsɪst]v.协助133. resistant[rɪˈzɪstənt] a.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的134. associate[əˈsəʊʃieɪt]v.使发生联系135. assure[əˈʃʊə(r)]v.保证136. insure[ɪnˈʃʊə(r)] vt.保险,给…保险;保证137. detach[dɪˈtætʃ]vt.分开, 分遣, 派遣(军队)138. contain[kənˈteɪn]v.包含;容忍;可被...除尽139. content['kɒntent]n.容量a.(with)满足的140. entertain[ˌentəˈteɪn]n.事业,企(事)业单位;事业心141. maintain[meɪnˈteɪn] v.维修,保养,维持142. obtain[əbˈteɪn] v.获得,得到143. retain[rɪˈteɪn] v.保持,保留144. sustain[səˈsteɪn] vt.支撑;维持,经受145. attempt[əˈtempt]v.试图，尝试146. tempt[tempt] v.诱惑,引诱;吸引147. exempt[ɪgˈzempt] a.免除的 v.免除148. attend[əˈtend]v.出席，参加;注意;149. contend[kənˈtend]v.竞争,斗争;坚决主张150. tendency[ˈtendənsi] n.趋势，趋向;倾向151. trend[trend] n.倾向vi.伸向152. attitude[ˈætɪtju:d]n.态度153. attribute[əˈtrɪbju:t]v.归属于 n.属性154. thrive[θraɪv] v.兴旺,繁荣155. contribute[kənˈtrɪbju:t]v.(to)贡献,捐助;投稿156. distribute[dɪˈstrɪbju:t]v.分发;分配; (over)散布157. augment[ɔ:gˈment]n./v.增大，增强158. authority[ɔ:ˈθɒrəti]n.权威159. systematic[ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk] a.(systematical)系统的,有组织的160. available[əˈveɪləbl]a.可用到的161. evaluate[ɪˈvæljueɪt]v.估价,评价;求…的值162. value[ˈvælju:] n.价值v.评价163. avoid[əˈvɔɪd]v.避免164. bear[beə(r)]n.熊 v.忍受，支撑165. benign[bɪˈnaɪn]a.良性的166. bewilder[bɪˈwɪldə(r)]v.使迷惑，使手足无措167. bizarre[bɪˈzɑ:(r)]a.奇特的，怪异的168. flourish[ˈflʌrɪʃ] n./v.繁荣,茂盛,兴旺169. obscure[əbˈskjʊə(r)] a.暗的,朦胧的;模糊的170. boost[bu:st]v.推进，促进，提高171. bother[ˈbɒðə(r)]v.烦扰，打搅172. brief[bri:f]a.短的173. browse[braʊz]v.吃嫩枝;浏览174. budget[ˈbʌdʒɪt]n.预算175. bureaucracy[bjʊəˈrɒkrəsi]n.官僚主义176. democracy[dɪˈmɒkrəsi] n.民主,民主制,民主国家177. democratic[ˌdeməˈkrætɪk] a.民主的178. demonstrate[ˈdemənstreɪt] v.论证;演示,说明179. epidemic[ˌepɪˈdemɪk]a.流行性的n.流行病180. passion[ˈpæʃn] n.热情,激情;激怒181. passive[ˈpæsɪv] a.被动的,消极的182. speculate[ˈspekjuleɪt] vi.思索vt.思索183. campaign[kæmˈpeɪn]n. 战役;运动184. champion[ˈtʃæmpiən]n.冠军,得胜者;拥护者185. campus[ˈkæmpəs]n.(大学)校园186. candidate[ˈkændɪdət]n.候选人,候补者;报考者187. career[kəˈrɪə(r)] n.(个人的)事业;生涯，职业188. case[keɪs]n.箱,盒;情况;病例189. category[ˈkætəgəri]n.种类;范畴，类型190. cater[ˈkeɪtə(r)]vi.(for/to)满足;(for)提供饮食及服务191. cause[kɔ:z] n.原因 v.引起192. cautious[ˈkɔ:ʃəs]a.(of)小心的,谨慎的193. caution[ˈkɔ:ʃn]n.谨慎vt.劝…小心194. celebrate[ˈselɪbreɪt] vt.庆祝vi.庆祝195. celebrity[səˈlebrəti]n.名人;著名，名声196. challenge[ˈtʃæləndʒ] n.挑战(书) v.向…挑战197. chaos[ˈkeɪɒs]n.混乱,紊乱198. characterize[ˈkærəktəraɪz]v.表示…的特性;描述…特性199. charter[ˈtʃɑ:tə(r)]v.租船,租车n.宪章200. chemical[ˈkemɪkl]a.化学的 n.(pl.)化学制品201. circulate[ˈsɜ:kjəleɪt]v.(使)循环,(使)流通202. classic[ˈklæsɪk]n.(pl.)杰作 a.第一流的203. climate[ˈklaɪmət]n.气候;风气,社会思潮204. decline[dɪˈklaɪn]v.下降;拒绝 n.下降;斜面205. cognitive[ˈkɒgnətɪv]a.认知的，认识能力的206. collaborate[kəˈlæbəreɪt]vi.协作，合作;(与敌人)勾结207. corporation[ˌkɔ:pəˈreɪʃn]n.市镇自治机关;法人;公司208. operate[ˈɒpəreɪt] v.操作,起作用,动手术209. operational[ˌɒpəˈreɪʃənl] a.操作的,运转的,起作用的210. collapse[kəˈlæps]v./n.倒塌;崩溃;(价格)暴跌211. combine[kəmˈbain]v.联合;结合;化合 n.集团;联合企业212. comment [ˈkɔment] n.注释v.(on)注释213. mental[ˈmentl] a.精神的,思想的,心理的214. material[məˈtɪəriəl] n.材料a.物质的215. commerce [ˈkɔmə:s]n.商业，贸易;交际216. commercial [kəˈmə:ʃəl]a.商业的n.广告节目217. commit [kəˈmit]v.把…交托给;犯(错误),干(坏事)218. transmit[trænsˈmɪt] vt.发射 vi.发射信号219. commodity [kəˈmɔditi]n.(pl.)日用品;商品;农/矿产品220. communicate [kəˈmju:nikeit]v.传达;交流;通讯221. immune[ɪˈmju:n] a.免疫的;有受影响的;豁免的222. comparable [ˈkɔmpərəbl]a.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的223. compare [kəmˈpɛə]vt.(to，with)比较;(to)把…比作vi.相比224. impair[ɪmˈpeə(r)] v.损害,损伤;削弱225. complicate [ˈkɔmplɪˌkeɪt] v.使..复杂;使..难懂;使(病)恶化226. duplicate[ˈdju:plɪkeɪt] n.复制品 v.复写227. explicit[ɪkˈsplɪsɪt]a.详述的,明确的;坦率的228. implicit[ɪmˈplɪsɪt] a.含蓄的;(in)固有的;无疑问的229. compromise [ˈkɔmprəmaiz]n.妥协vi.妥协230. promising[ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ] a.有希望的,有前途的231. reputation[ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn] n.名誉,名声,声望232. reveal[rɪˈvi:l] v.展现,显示,揭示233. revelation[ˌrevəˈleɪʃn] n.揭示,揭露,显示234. conceive [kənˈsi:v]v.(of)设想;以为;怀胎235. concept [ˈkɒnsept]n.概念，观念，设想236. precise[prɪˈsaɪs] a.精确的,准确的237. condemn [kənˈdem]v.谴责,指责;判刑238. contempt[kənˈtempt]n.轻视，藐视;受辱239. conduct[kənˈdʌkt]n.行为v.引导240. introduce[ˌɪntrəˈdju:s] vt.介绍;引进，传入241. reproduce[ˌri:prəˈdju:s] v.生殖;翻版;复制242. offer[ˈɒfə(r)] v.提供n.提议243. refer[rɪˈfɜ:(r)] v.参考;提到;提交244. reference[ˈrefrəns] n.提及,涉及;参考书目245. suffer[ˈsʌfə(r)] v.(from)受痛苦;受损失246. transfer[trænsˈfɜ:(r)] vt./n.转移;转换;转让247. profession[prəˈfeʃn] n.职业,专业,表白248. faith[feɪθ]n.信任;信仰,信条249. definite[ˈdefɪnət]a.明确的;一定的;意志坚强的250. conflict[ˈkɒnflɪkt]n.战斗v.(with)抵触251. format[ˈfɔ:mæt] n.格式 vt.设计251. format[ˈfɔ:mæt] n.格式 vt.设计252. perform[pəˈfɔ:m] v.履行,执行;表演253. performance[pəˈfɔ:məns] n.履行;表演;性能254. transform[trænsˈfɔ:m] vt.改变,变换;变压;转化;改造,改造255. confront[kənˈfrʌnt]v.使面临,使遭遇;面对(危险等)256. gratitude[ˈgrætɪtju:d]n.感激,感谢257. conscious[ˈkɒnʃəs] a.(of)意识到的,自觉的;神志清醒的258. consequence[ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] n.结果,后果;重要性259. sequence[ˈsi:kwəns] n.句子;判决v.宣判260. subsequent[ˈsʌbsɪkwənt] a.随后的,后来的261. consensus[kənˈsensəs] n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识262. sensible[ˈsensəbl] a.明智的;可觉察的,明显的263. sensitive[ˈsensətɪv] a.(to)敏感的,易受伤害的;灵敏的264. deserve[dɪˈzɜ:v]v.应受,值得265. observe[əbˈzɜ:v] v.观察,观测,注意到266. preserve[prɪˈzɜ:v] v.保护,维持;保存267. considerable[kənˈsɪdərəbl]a.相当大(或多)的,可观的;值得考虑的268. prospect[ˈprɒspekt] n.景色;前景,前途269. retrospect[ˈretrəspekt] v./n.回顾，回想，追溯[反]foresee 270. suspect[səˈspekt] v.猜想a.可疑的271. conspiracy[kənˈspɪrəsi]n.阴谋，密谋，共谋272. spirit[ˈspɪrɪt] n.精神;(pl.)情绪;(pl.)酒精273. constant[ˈkɒnstənt] a.固定的 n.常数274. constituent[kənˈstɪtjuənt] n.选民a.组成的275. constitute[ˈkɒnstɪtju:t]vt.组成;设立，建立276. institution[ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃn] n.公共机构;协会;学校277. substitute[ˈsʌbstɪtju:t] n.代替者v.(for)代替278. statute[ˈstætʃu:t] n.法令，法规;章程279. constrain[kənˈstreɪn]vt.限制;克制，抑制280. restrain[rɪˈstreɪn] v.(from)抑制,制止281. consume[kənˈsju:m]vt.消耗(with)使着迷282. contact[ˈkɒntækt]v./n.(使)接触,联系,交往283. integrity[ɪnˈtegrəti] n.正直,诚实;完整,完全284. temporary[ˈtemprəri] a.暂时的,临时的285. contradict[ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt]v.反驳;同…矛盾,同…抵触286. dictate[dɪkˈteɪt]v.口授;(使)听写;指令287. predict[prɪˈdɪkt] v.预言,预测,预告288. verify[ˈverɪfaɪ] vt.证实,查证;证明289. contrary[ˈkɒntrəri]a.(to)相反的 n.反对290. counterpart[ˈkaʊntəpɑ:t]n.对应的人(或物)291. convey[kənˈveɪ]v.运送;传达,传播292. coordinate[kəʊ'ɔ:dɪneɪt]a.同等的 n.同等者293. relevant[ˈreləvənt] a.有关的,中肯的,相应的294. correspond[ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd] v.通信,(with)符合;(to)相当于295. criterion[kraɪˈtɪəriən]n.(pl.criteria或criterions)标准，尺度296. critical[ˈkrɪtɪkl]a.批评的,紧要的;临界的297. criticize[ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz]v.(criticise)批评,评论298. crucial[ˈkru:ʃl]a.至关重要的,决定性的299. cultivate[ˈkʌltɪveɪt]v.耕作,栽培,养殖300. occur[əˈkɜ:(r)] v.出现;存在;想起401. fade[feɪd] v.褪色;衰减n.淡入(出)402. fail[feɪl] v.失败,不及格;衰退403. faint[feɪnt] a.微弱的n./v.昏倒404. false[fɔ:ls a.谬误的,虚伪的,伪造的405. fault[fɔ:lt]n.过失,过错;缺点,毛病406. feature[ˈfi:tʃə(r)]n.特征v.以...为特色407. figure[ˈfɪgə(r)]n.数字v.描绘408. fertilizer[ˈfɜ:təlaɪzə(r)]n.(fertiliser)肥料409. fetch[fetʃ]v.取来;接来;引出n.取得410. fierce[fɪəs]a.凶猛的,残忍的;狂热的411. finance[ˈfaɪnæns]n.财政,金融 v.为…提供资金412. fine[faɪn]a.美好的v./n.罚金,罚款413. flaw[flɔ:] n.裂缝;缺陷 v.使破裂;使有缺陷414. forecast[ˈfɔ:kɑ:st] v./n.预测,预报415. formidable[ˈfɔ:mɪdəbl] a.强大的;令人敬畏的;可怕的416. frown[fraʊn] v.皱眉417. fulfill[fʊl'fɪl] v.(fulfil)完成,履行,实践418. fundamental[ˌfʌndəˈmentl] a.基础的n.(pl.)基本原则419. profound[prəˈfaʊnd] a.深刻的,意义深远的;渊博的420. generous[ˈdʒenərəs] a.宽宏大量的,慷慨的421. genetic[dʒəˈnetɪk] a.遗传(学)的 n.[-s]遗传学422. glamour[ˈglæmə(r)] n.(glamour)魅力vt.迷惑423. glowing[ˈgləʊɪŋ] adj. 灼热的v. 发光424. gorgeous[ˈgɔ:dʒəs] a.华丽的;灿烂的;美丽的425. grant[grɑ:nt] v.同意n.授予物426. guarantee[ˌgærənˈti:] n.保证v.保证427. warrant [ˈwɒrənt ]v.穿着，戴着n.穿，戴428. safeguard[ˈseɪfgɑ:d] v.维护 n.安全装置429. guilty[ˈgɪlti] a.(of)有罪的,内疚的430. harmony[ˈhɑ:məni]n.协调,和谐;融洽431. inherit[ɪnˈherɪt] vt.继承(金钱等)，经遗传而得(性格、特征) 432. hierarchy[ˈhaɪərɑ:ki]n.等级制度;统治集团，领导层433. hijack[ˈhaɪdʒæk]v.劫持，劫机，拦路抢劫434. honor['ɒnə(r)] n.(honour)尊敬;荣誉v.尊敬435. horizon[həˈraɪzn] n.地平线;眼界,见识436. orient[ˈɔ:rient] n.亚洲 v.为…定位437. original[əˈrɪdʒənl] a.最初的n.原文438. originate[əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt] v.(in,from)起源;首创,创造439. ideology[ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi] n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识440. illegal[ɪˈli:gl] a.不合法的,非法的441. legislation[ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn] n.法律(规);立法，法律的制定(或通过) 442. legitimate[lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət] a.合法的vt.使合法443. license[ˈlaɪsns] n.(licence)许可证v.准许,认可444. illusion[ɪˈlu:ʒn] n.幻想，错误的观念;错觉，幻觉，假象445. illustrate[ˈɪləstreɪt] v.举例说明,阐明;图解446. image[ˈɪmɪdʒ] n.形象;形象的描述，比喻447. imagine[ɪˈmædʒɪn] v.想象,设想,料想448. imitate[ˈɪmɪteɪt v.模仿,仿效; 伪造449. imperative[ɪmˈperətɪv] n.命令a.强制的450. indispensable[ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl] a.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的501. nuclear[ˈnju:kliə(r)] a.核心的,中心的;原子核的502. nuisance[ˈnju:sns] n.讨厌的人(或东西);麻烦事503. oblige[əˈblaɪdʒ] v.强迫;责成;(使)感激504. occupy[ˈɒkjupaɪ] v.占用;占据;使忙碌505. odd[ɒd] a.奇数的;奇怪的;单只的506. odds[ɒdz] n.不平等,差异;机会507. upset[ʌpˈset] v.使…心烦意乱a.难过的508. opponent[əˈpəʊnənt] n.对手a.对立的509. suppress[səˈpres] v.镇压;抑制,忍住510. stress[stres] n.压力vt.强调511. organic[ɔ:ˈgænɪk] a.器官的;有机的;有机体的512. paradox[ˈpærədɒks] n.似非而是的话,自相矛盾的话,反论513. outrage[ˈaʊtreɪdʒ] n.暴行v.凌辱514. overall[ˌəʊvərˈɔ:l] a.全面的n.(pl.)(套头)工作服515. overseas[ˌəʊvəˈsi:z] a.外国的ad.在海外516. overturn[ˌəʊvəˈtɜ:n] n.倾覆 v.****517. palm[pɑ:m] n.手掌vt.与…握手,藏…于掌中518. parallel[ˈpærəlel] a.相同的n.类似519. parcel[ˈpɑ:sl] n.包裹v.打包520. pocket[ˈpɒkɪt] n.衣袋 a.袖珍的521. pattern[ˈpætn] n.模式;图案v.仿制522. payment[ˈpeɪmənt] n.支付523. peace[pi:s] n.和平;平静,安宁524. pebble[ˈpebl] n.卵石525. specialize[ˈspeʃəlaɪz] v.(specialise)(in)专攻,专门研究,专业化526. specific[spəˈsɪfɪk] a.明确的,具体的;特定的527. specify[ˈspesɪfaɪ] v.指定,详细说明528. permanent[ˈpɜ:mənənt] a.永久的,持久的529. persuade[pəˈsweɪd] v.说服,劝说;(of)使相信530. philosophy[fəˈlɒsəfi] n.哲学,哲理,人生观531. physical[ˈfɪzɪkl] a.物质的;身体的;物理的532. physician[fɪˈzɪʃn] n.内科医生533. pilgrim[ˈpɪlgrɪm] n.(在国外)旅游者;朝圣者,最初的移民534. plague[pleɪg] n.瘟疫vt.折磨535. political[pəˈlɪtɪkl] a.政治的536. politician [ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn] n.政治家,政客537. politics[ˈpɒlətɪks] n.政治,政治学;政纲538. wonder [ˈwʌndə(r)] n.惊奇, v.(at)想知道539. portray[pɔ:ˈtreɪ] v.描写，描述;画(人物、景象等) 540. trait[treɪt] n.特征,特点,特性541. potential[pəˈtenʃl] a.潜在的n.潜能542. primary[ˈpraɪməri] a.最初的,初级的;首要的543. prime[praɪm] a.首要的n.青春,全盛期544. prohibit[prəˈhɪbɪt]v.禁止,不准;阻止545. prone[prəʊn] a.倾向于,俯伏的,倾斜的546. prosper[ˈprɒspə(r)] v.成功,兴隆,昌盛547. protest[ˈprəʊtest] v./n.主张,断言,抗议548. psychology[saɪˈkɒlədʒi] n.心理,心理学,心理状态549. purchase[ˈpɜ:tʃəs] v.买,购买 n.购买的物品550. pursue[pəˈsju:] v.追赶;继续,从事551. pursuit[pəˈsju:t] n.追赶,追求;职业552. radical[ˈrædɪkl] a.基本的,重要的;激进的553. random[ˈrændəm] a.随机的n.随机554. range[reɪndʒ] n.范围v.排列成行555. rank[ræŋk] n.社会阶层v.分等级556. rate[reɪt] n.速率v.估价557. rational[ˈræʃnəl] a.理性的,合理的558. reason[ˈri:zn] n.原因v.说服559. realm[relm] n.国土;领域560. royal[ˈrɔɪəl] a.王室的;第一流的,高贵的561. reckless[ˈrekləs] a.,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的562. recruit[rɪˈkru:t] v.补充 n.新成员563. reflect[rɪˈflekt] v.反射,反映,表现564. reign[reɪn] n./v.统治 n.统治时期565. reluctant[rɪˈlʌktənt] a.不愿的,勉强的566. render[ˈrendə(r)] v.使得,致使;提出567. represent[ˌreprɪˈzent] v.描述,代表;阐明568. request[rɪˈkwest] v./n.请求,要求569. require[rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] v.需要;(of)要求,命令570. resemble[rɪˈzembl] v.像,类似571. respond[rɪˈspɒnd] v.回答,响应,作出反应572. restore[rɪˈstɔ:(r)] v.恢复;归还;修复573. reward[rɪˈwɔ:d] n.(for)报酬,赏金 v.(for)酬劳;酬谢574. rigid[ˈrɪdʒɪd] a.刚性的;刻板的;严厉的575. vigorous[ˈvɪgərəs] a.朝气蓬勃的,精力旺盛的576. ritual[ˈrɪtʃuəl] a.宗教仪式的n.(宗教)仪式577. robust[rəʊˈbʌst] a.强健的,雄壮的,精力充沛的578. root[ru:t] n.根v.(使)生根579. ruin[ˈru:ɪn] v.毁灭n.毁灭580. sacred[ˈseɪkrɪd] a.神圣的;宗教的;庄严的581. satire[ˈsætaɪə(r)] n.讽刺,讽刺文学,讽刺作品582. scarf[skɑ:f] n.围巾,头巾,领巾583. scatter[ˈskætə(r)] v.散开,驱散;散布584. scheme[ski:m] n.计划, v.,策划585. scrutiny[ˈskru:təni] n.周密的调查;仔细看;监视586. shame[ʃeɪm] n.羞耻v.使羞愧587. shelter[ˈʃeltə(r)] n.碎片v.粉碎588. sincere[sɪnˈsɪə(r)] a.诚挚的,真实的,诚恳的589. stuff[stʌf] n.原料 v.填满590. sponsor[ˈspɒnsə(r)] n.发起人v.发起591. spur[spɜ:(r)] n.刺激v.刺激592. steep[sti:p] a.陡峭的vt.浸泡593. stern[stɜ:n] a.严厉的n.船尾594. strengthen[ˈstreŋθn] v.加强,巩固595. strike[straɪk] n.击v.抚摸596. subsidy[ˈsʌbsədi] n.补助金;津贴费597. subtle[ˈsʌtl] a.精巧的,巧妙的;细微的598. urban[ˈɜ:bən] a.城市的, 市内的599. suffice[səˈfaɪs] v.充足;vt.(食物等)使(某人)满足600. superficial[ˌsu:pəˈfɪʃl] a.表面的;肤浅的,浅薄的601. supreme[su:ˈpri:m] a.极度的,最重要的;至高的602. tackle[ˈtækl] n.滑车;工具 v.解决603. vehicle[ˈvi:əkl] n.交通工具;媒介,载体604. terrify[ˈterɪfaɪ] v.使害怕,使惊恐605. tolerance[ˈtɒlərəns] n.宽容;容忍;耐药力606. traffic[ˈtræfɪk] n.交通,交通量607. translation[t rænsˈleɪʃn] n.翻译;译文,译本608. tremendous[trəˈmendəs] a.巨大的,极大的609. ultimate[ˈʌltɪmət] a.最后的,最终的;根本的610. undergraduate[ˌʌndəˈgrædʒuət] n.大学生,大学肆业生611. underline[ˌʌndəˈlaɪn] vt.在…下划线;强调612. undermine[ˌʌndəˈmaɪn] v.暗中破坏,逐渐削弱;侵蚀…的基础613. unfold[ʌnˈfəʊld] vt.打开;显露;展示 vi.呈现;显示;展示614. union[ˈju:niən] n.制服a.相同的615. unique[juˈni:k] a.唯一的,独一无二的616. update[ˌʌpˈdeɪt] v.更新,使现代化617. urge[ɜ:dʒ] vt.催促n.强烈欲望,618. urgent[ˈɜ:dʒənt] a.急迫的，紧要的，紧急的619. vanish[ˈvænɪʃ] vi.突然不见;消失620. vanity[ˈvænəti] n.虚荣心,浮华621. violate[ˈvaɪəleɪt] vt.违背;冒犯;妨碍622. virtue[ˈvɜ:tʃu:] n.德行;贞操;优点623. vital[ˈvaɪtl] a.生死攸关的,重大的;生命的,生机的624. volume[ˈvɒlju:m] n.容积,体积;音量625. voluntary [ˈvɒləntri] a.自愿的,志愿的626. volunteer [ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)] n./v.自愿(者,兵);自愿(提供) 627. whisper [ˈwɪspə(r)] v.私下说n.耳语;传闻628. wisdom [ˈwɪzdəm] n.智慧,明智;名言629. withhold [wɪðˈhəʊld] vt.使停止; vi.忍住630. worldwide [ˈwɜ:ldwaɪd] a.全世界的ad.遍及全世界631. yield [ji:ld] v.出产;(to)屈服n.产量632.zeal[zi:l]n.热心，热忱，热情a number of 若干above all 首要，尤其be absorbed in 专心于by accident 偶然account for 说明on account of 因为，由于take…into account 考虑be accustomed to 习惯于add up to 合计，总计in addition 另外in addition to 除……之外in advance 提前，预先take advantage of 利用ahead of 在……前面，先于in the air 在流行中，在传播中after all 终于，毕竟，虽然这样all but 几乎，差一点，除……之外其余都all over 遍及，到处all right 行，可以at all 完全，根本in all 总共，共计make allowances for 考虑，顾及，体谅in alliance with 与……联盟leave…alone 听其自然，不要去管let alone 更不用说along with 与……一起one after another 一个接一个one another 互相apart from 除去as for 至于，就……方面说as if 好像，仿佛as though 好像，仿佛as to 至于，关于as well 也，一样aside from 除……之外ask for 请求，要求pay attention to 注意on the average 平均，一般来说right away 立即，马上back and forth 来回，往返，来来往往地back off 放，让步，退却back up 支持，援助on the basis of 根据，在……的基础上because of 由于，因为on behalf of 代表，为了at the best 充其量，至多do / try one’s best 尽力，努力get the best of 胜过make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理for the better 好转，改善get the better of 打败，智胜had better 最好还是，应该on board 在船/车飞机上1. yield to 对…屈服,投降,让步,顺从2. be worthy of (=be deserving of)值得,够得上, 配得上3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…be engrossed in;be lost in;be rapt in;be concentrated on;be focusedon;be centered on5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有abound6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地,主动地9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同….不一致10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据12. on one’s own account1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责3)(=by oneself)依靠自己on account 赊账on account of 因为on no account 不论什么原因也不of …account 有…重要性13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由)15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明.16. on account of (=because of=in that) 由于,因为.17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)18. accuse…of…(=charge…with;blame sb. for sth.blame sth. on sb.;complain about)指控控告19. be accustomed to doing(=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于accomodate23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要)24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to,comply with,cling to,insist on,persist in,observe,opinion,belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;adapt29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地.30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先.31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用.34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致36.ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中.38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的.39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计40. after all 毕竟到底(not)at all 一点也不all at once(=suddenly)突然once and for all 只此一次above all 最重要的first of all 首先all in all 大体上说be all in 累极了all but 几乎41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到.42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请; apply for 申请; apply to 适用.49. apply to 与…有关;适用50. approve of(=consent to,be in favor of,favor,agree to,consider good,right)赞成,批准1. 素质教育 quality-oriented education2. 启发式教学 heuristic education3. 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talent4. 九年制义务教务教育 nine-year compulsory education5. 德智体美劳全面发展all around development of moral, intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor education6. 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude7. 人才流失 brain drain8. 陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste and temperament9. 学生减负 alleviate the burden on students10. 学术交流 academic exchanges11. 德才兼备 have both political integrity and ability12. 攻读硕士学位 study for a doctoral degree13. 文科生 students of liberal arts14. 理科生 students of science15. 爱国主义教育 education in patriotism16. 毕业论文 graduation thesis17. 义务教育 compulsory education18. 高等教育 higher education19. 教育部 Ministry of Education20. 世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 word outlook, outlook on life and values21. 科教兴国 rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation22. 可持续发展战略 strategy of sustainable development23. 技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product24. 新兴学科 new branch of science25. 边缘学科 frontier science26. 电脑病毒 computer viruses27. 电子商务 e-commerce; e-business28. 数字地球 digital globe29. 人工智能 artificial intelligence30. 网上犯罪 cyber crime31. 信息高速公路 information highland32. 网民 netizen33. 虚拟现实 virtual reality34. 基因工程 genetic engineering35. “神舟六号”载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI36. 网络经济 cyber-economy37. 网虫 netter; Internet geek38. 网恋 cyber romance; virtual romance39. 科技扶贫 support poor areas using technology40. 科研攻关 work towards key technological breakthroughs各位MPA班的同学:以下是一些综合性MPA考试模版，由“议论文”、“十大万能句”、“题型分类模版”三部分组成，请结合课堂笔记，重点选择，提前写好自己较习惯的模版。
MPA高频词汇
公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览force， enforce， reinforce， report， scope， spirit， decline， climate， lend to， accuse，afford， anxiety， atmosphere， blame， bargain， calculate， circle， confidence， conscious，convince， custom， desperate， encourage， discourage， economic， economy， motive， promote，emotional， motion， fail to， flat， install， intimate， limit， major， no matter， neutral，outlet， perform， inform， formal，normal， radiate， authority， companion， concept， create， creature， dentist， identify，identical， identity， engage， entitle， evaluate， fluid， influence， fortune， fulfill，general， intense， interpret， justice， adjust， judge， minor， observe， deserve， preserve，parallel， percept， stuff， surroundings， transport， transmit， transform， undergo， wander，wonder， widespread， ambition， approach， brief，conquer， result， consult， insult， deliberate，despair， compare， emergence， emergency， establish， exhaust， expand， fade， frustrate，handy， incredible， inherit， conference， infer， offer， interfere， length， manufacture，mood， necessity， noble， occasion， occasional， output， oversea， pattern， plunge， practice，practical， recognize， release， rescue， maintain， remain， obtain，entertain， rural， urban， similar to， trial， trail， witness， absolute， accumulate，in advance， advanced， advantage， agent， appeal， application， point， appoint， approximate，barrier， claim， climate， complicate， comprise， considerable， resume， consume， assume，contact， convict， crew， crucial， define， definite， deliver， disaster， disorder， diverse，economic， alert， exert， facility， faith，faithful， gap， sympathy， trace， track， visual， vision， worship， apparatus， brand，civil， clarity， declare， combine， connect， consider， insert， desert， drown， external，frank， press， impress， pressure， depress， express， indispensable， inspect， respect，prospect， perspective， peculiar， particular， likely， inquire， require， acquire， request，result ， consult， insult， spray，announce， pronounce， apparent， boundary， frontier， nullity， debate， decrease， increase，reduce， include， conclude， exclude， federal， firm， forecast， foresee， grateful， integrate，divide， individual， fence， defense， offend， portion， proper， property， reputation，restrict， loyal， royal， spot， terminal， alter， alternate， alternative， concrete，consequent， explode， explore， exploit， hesitate，imagine， influence， innocent， guilty， persuade， possess， sample， support， vital，burden， elect， select， collect， collective， contribute， distribute， attribute， abuse，prejudice， avoid， escape， capture， compete， effort， enthusiasm， involve， evolve， imply，reply， multiply， issue， modify， occur， opponent， prefer， refer， publish， punish， rate，award， reward， shelter， skim，in spite of， temporary， vehicle， ancestor associate， refuse， confuse， describe， display，due to， error， essential， fresh， obvious， visible， invisible， previous， recall， relate，soil， spoil， stimulate， suffer， tense， accompany， analyze， conflict， convenient， derive，deprive， thrive， dominate， element， gallery， interval， lock， lack， match， ideal， reality，ignore， ignorant， independent，inspire， motion， promote， remote， motive， numerous， relevant， retreat， straight，suicide， trick， weigh， tempt， attempt， contract， attract， candidate， commercial，communicate， contain， coordinate， respond， correspond， emphasis， enclose， focus， instinct，investigate， invest， manner， mere， nerve， political， policy， reliable， resemble， assemble，shape， sophisticate， stain，strain， symbol， triumph， upright， vigorous， benefit， profit， characterize，circumstance， chain store， concentrate， delegate， diligent， dispute， estimate， factor，intentional， occupy， inject， reject， object， project， subject， scenery， survive， revive，temper， vary， accelerate， behave， concern， continue， deny， distance， insure， invade，mature， mental， monitor， mysterious， neglect，purpose， raw， refurbish， remove， restore， resort， scarcely， specific， target， alarm，approve， certify， certificate， frost， fund， genuine， intend， material， memory， primitive，propose， ruin， shadow， contrary， sufficient， accent， actually， adequate， anxious， attach，awkward， budget， capture， channel， circulate， community， company， consent， cooperate，cultivate， depart， devote，dismiss， distant， enhance， eventually， fierce， manage， overnight， passion， passive，postpone， progress， pursue， react， render， sense， treat， treaty， capacity， civilian，compel， contradiction， crack， curiosity， departure， devise， device， secure， accurate，depend， distinguish， plain， complain， explain， financial， hurt， injure， harm， destroy，ruin， comprise ，contain， embody ，subsume， construct， structure， isolate， labor， task，overlook， overcome， resist， insist， state， supreme， superior， volume， absorb， account，achieve， universal， convert， reverse， apply， applicable， applicant， application， broad，board， cancel， casual， cancer， classify， comfort， submit， permit， emit， complex， conduct，constant， core， demand， command， comment， commend，mental， recommend， mention， design， signal， significant， protect， detect， point，appoint， appointment， disappoint， duration， durable， employ， excess， exceed， success，succeed， process， proceed， false， impose， indicate， predict， opportunity， personal，pose， dispose， expose， suppose， oppose， compose， impose， deposit， poison， poverty，cautious， prove， improve， record， relieve，sincere， troop， upset， violent， welfare， abundant， advocate， affect， effect， effective，efficient， campaign， cause， commission， component， content， intention， crisis， critic，critical， destination， discard， discipline， anticipate， participate， principal， principle，familiar， feature， feasible， indifferent， provide， recover， standard， thorough， morally，virtually， deal with， copewith， doubt，执行， density， corporation， currency， current， demonstrate， countless，discount ， extraordinary， graduate， gradually， precious， precise， appreciate， reluctant，unwilling， sharp， shape， source， strength， length， supply， drop， endure， evident， enormous，intensive， preference， produce， reflect， scale， semester， shift， talent， threat， typical，vain， volunteer，accomplish， analysis， assist， persist， insist， resist， consist， colony， confront，conventional， descend， donate， elementary， eliminate， frequent， incline， instant， merit，military， prevent， represent， restrain， academic， available， challenge， continent，elaborate， function， generous， illustrate， measure， narrow， option， phenomenon， prohibit，panic， pretend， prompt， regulate， shrink， swallow， uniform， artificial， creature，determine， distinct， encounter， environment， fatigueMPA英语常用短语词汇a series of 一系列，一连串 above all 首先，尤其是after all 毕竟，究竟 ahead of time 提前ahead of 在……之前 all right 令人满意的；可以all at once 突然，同时 all but 几乎；除了……都all of a sudden 突然 all over 遍及all over again 再一次，重新 all the time 一直，始终all the same 仍然，照样的 as regards 关于，至于anything but 根本不 as a matter of fact 实际上apart from 除……外（有/无） as a rule 通常，照例as a result（of）因此，由于 as far as ……be concerned 就……而言as far as 远至，到……程度 as for 至于，关于as follows 如下 as if 好像，仿佛as good as 和……几乎一样 as usual 像平常一样，照例as to 至于，关于 as well 同样，也，还as well as 除……外（也），即……又aside from 除……外（还有） at a loss 茫然，不知所措at a time 一次，每次 at all 丝毫（不），一点也不at all costs 不惜一切代价 at all events 不管怎样，无论如何at all times 随时，总是 at any rate 无论如何，至少at best 充其量，至多 at first 最初，起先at first sight 乍一看，初看起来 at hand 在手边，在附近at heart 内心里，本质上 at home 在家，在国内at intervals 不时，每隔…… at large 大多数，未被捕获的at least 至少 at last 终于at length 最终，终于 at most 至多，不超过at no time 从不，决不 by accident 偶然at one time 曾经，一度；同时 at present 目前，现在at sb“s disposal 任……处理 at the cost of 以……为代价at the mercy of 任凭……摆布 at the moment 此刻，目前at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时，间或back and forth 来回地，反复地back of 在……后面 before long 不久以后beside point 离题的，不相干的 beyond question 毫无疑问by air 通过航空途径 by all means 尽一切办法，务必by and by 不久，迟早 by chance 偶然，碰巧by far 最，……得多 by hand 用手，用体力by itself 自动地，独自地 by means of 用，依靠by mistake 错误地，无意地 by no means 决不，并没有by oneself 单独地，独自地 by reson of 由于by the way 顺便说说 by virtue of 借助，由于by way of 经由，通过……方法 due to 由于，因为each other 互相 even if/though 即使，虽然ever so 非常，极其 every now and then 时而，偶尔every other 每隔一个的 except for 除了……外face to face 面对面地 far from 远非，远离for ever 永远 for good 永久地for the better 好转 for the moment 暂时，目前for the present 暂时，目前 for the sake of 为了，为了……的利益for the time being 暂时，眼下 from time to time 有时，不时hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联 head on 迎面地，正面的heart and soul 全心全意地 how about ……怎么样in a hurry 匆忙，急于 in case of 假如，防备in a moment 立刻，一会儿 in a sense 从某种意义上说in a way 在某种程度上 in a word 简言之，总之in accordance with 与……一致，按照in addition 另外，加之 in advance 预先，事先in addition to 除……之外（还）in all 总共，合计 in any case 无论如何in any event 无论如何 in brief 简单地说in charge of 负责，总管 in common 共用的，共有的in consequence（of）因此；由于 in debt 欠债，欠情in detail 详细地 in difficulty 处境困难in effect 实际上，事实上 in general 一般来说，大体上in favour of 支持，赞成 in front of 面对，在……前in half 成两半 in hand 在进行中，待办理in honour of 为庆祝，为纪念 in itself 本质上，就其本身而言in line with 与……一致 in memory of 纪念in no case 决不 in no time 立即，马上in no way 决不 in order 按顺序，按次序in other words 换句话说 in part 部分地in particular 特别，尤其 in person 亲自，本人in place 在合适的位置 in place of 代替，取代，交换in practice 在实践中，实际上 in proportion to 与……成比例in public 公开地，当众 in quantity 大量in question 正在谈论的 in regard to 关于，至于in relation to 关于，涉及 in return 作为报答/回报/交换in return for 作为对……报答 in short 简言之，总之in sight 被见到；在望 in spite of 尽管in step 齐步，合拍 in step with 与……一致/协调in tears 流着泪，在哭着 in the course of 在……期间/过程中in the distance 在远处 in the end 最后，终于in the event of 如果……发生，万一in the face of 即使；在……面前in the first place 首先 in the future 在未来in the least 丝毫，一点 in （the）light of 鉴于，由于in the way 挡道 in the world 究竟，到底in time 及时 in touch 联系，接触in turn 依次，轮流；转而 in vain 徒劳，白费力instead of 代替，而不是 just now 眼下；刚才little by little 逐渐地 lots of 许多2011 年在职 MPA 英语高频词汇1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。
公共管理学专业英语词汇
公共管理学专业英语词汇目标mission/ objective 内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment 集体目标 group objective 计划 planning 组织 organizing人事 staffing 领导 leading 控制 controlling步骤 process 原理 principle 方法 technique经理 manager 总经理 general manager 行政人员 administrator主管人员 supervisor 企业 enterprise 商业 business产业 industry 公司 company 效果 effectiveness效率efficiency 企业家 entrepreneur 权利 power职权 authority 职责 responsibility 科学管理 scientific management现代经营管理 modern operational management 行为科学 behavior science生产率 productivity 激励 motivate 动机 motive法律 law 法规 regulation 经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function 产品 product 服务 service利润 profit 满意 satisfaction 归属 affiliation尊敬 esteem 自我实现 self-actualization 人力投入 human input盈余 surplus 收入 income 成本 cost 资本货物 capital goods机器 machinery 设备 equipment 建筑 building 存货 inventory经验法 the empirical approach 人际行为法 the interpersonal behavior approach 集体行为法 the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法 the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法 the decision theory approach数学法 the mathematical approach 系统法 the systems approach随机制宜法 the contingency approach 管理任务法 the managerial roles approach经营法 the operational approach 人际关系 human relation心理学 psychology 态度 attitude 压力 pressure 冲突 conflict招聘 recruit 鉴定 appraisal 选拔 select 培训 train报酬 compensation 授权 delegation of authority 协调 coordinate 业绩 performance 考绩制度 merit system 表现 behavior 下级 subordinate 偏差 deviation检验记录 inspection record 误工记录 record of labor-hours lost 销售量 sales volume 产品质量quality of products 先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务customer service 策略strategy 结构structure 领先性primacy 普遍性pervasiveness 忧虑 fear 忿恨 resentment 士气 morale 解雇 layoff批发 wholesale 零售 retail 程序 procedure 规则 rule规划program 预算budget 共同作用synergy 大型联合企业conglomerate 资源resource 购买 acquisition 增长目标 growth goal 专利产品 proprietary product 竞争对手 rival 晋升 promotion 管理决策 managerial decision 商业道德 business ethics 有竞争力的价格 competitive price 供货商 supplier 小贩 vendor 利益冲突conflict of interests 派生政策 derivative policy 开支帐户 expense account 批准程序 approval procedure病假sick leave 休假vacation 工时labor-hour 机时machine-hour 资本支出capital outlay 现金流量 cash flow 工资率 wage rate 税收率 tax rate 股息 dividend 现金状况 cash position 资金短缺 capital shortage总预算 overall budget 资产负债表 balance sheet 可行性 feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment 生产能力capacity to produce 实际工作者 practitioner 最终结果 end result 业绩 performance个人利益 personal interest 福利 welfare 市场占有率 market share 创新 innovation 生产率 productivity 利润率 profitability社会责任 public responsibility 董事会 board of director 组织规模 size of the organization 组织文化 organizational culture 目标管理 management by objectives 评价工具 appraisal tool 激励方法 motivational techniques 控制手段 control device 个人价值personal worth 优势strength 弱点weakness 机会opportunity 威胁threat个人责任 personal responsibility 顾问 counselor 定量目标 quantitative objective 定性目标 qualitative objective 可考核目标 verifiable objective 优先 priority 工资表payroll 策略strategy 政策policy 灵活性discretion 多种经营diversification 评估 assessment 一致性 consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation 价值value 抱负aspiration 偏见 prejudice 审查 review 批准 approval 主要决定 major decision 分公司总经理 division general manager 资产组合距阵 portfolio matrix 明星 star 问号 question mark 现金牛 cash cow 赖狗 dog 采购 procurement 人口因素 demographic factor 地理因素 geographic factor 公司形象 company image产品系列 product line 合资企业 joint venture 破产政策 liquidation strategy紧缩政策 retrenchment strategy 战术 tactics 追随 followership个性individuality 性格personality 安全safety 自主权latitude 悲观的pessimistic 静止的 static 乐观的 optimistic 动态的 dynamic 灵活的 flexible 抵制resistance 敌对antagonism 折中eclectic 激励motivation 潜意识subconscious 地位status 情感affection 欲望desire 压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要 needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要 esteem needs 归属的需要affiliation needs 安全的需要 security needs 生理的需要 physiological needs 维持maintenance 保健hygiene 激励因素motivator 概率probability 强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈 feedback 奖金 bonus 股票期权 stock option 劳资纠纷labor dispute 缺勤率absenteeism 人员流动turnover 奖励reward 特许经营franchise 热诚 zeal 信心 confidence 鼓舞 inspire 要素 ingredient忠诚 loyalty 奉献 devotion 作风 style 品质 trait适应性 adaptability 进取性 aggressiveness 热情 enthusiasm毅力 persistence 人际交往能力 interpersonal skills行政管理能力 administrative ability智力 intelligence 专制式领导 autocratic leader 民主式领导 democratic leader 自由放任式领导 free-rein leader 管理方格图 the managerial grid 工作效率 work efficiency 服从 obedience 领导行为 leader behavior支持型领导 supportive leadership 参与型领导 participative leadership指导型领导 instrumental leadership成就取向型领导 achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction HCI人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledge engineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing process 制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research,development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人. Foreign ExchangeClerk 外汇部职员. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research＆.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunication Executive电讯电信员Telephonist / Operator 接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视 action research 动作研究adjourning 解散 adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则 artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠 avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表 bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性 bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准 bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturingcad/cam计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话 consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者 chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者 charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权 cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理 comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准 confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标 contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现 corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应 critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产 current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度 creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术 contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产 collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制 clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体 collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性 centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权 democracy management 民主管理departmentalization 部门化 differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法 division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动 dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络 domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉 divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略 decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processingedp 电子数据处理 employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权 encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统 entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产 equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值 ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论 expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心 external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者 extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官 external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段 entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团 financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构 flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论 formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估 franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段 functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论 general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者 general manager 总经理globalization 全球化 gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网 global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境 generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合 global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应 heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度 hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型 hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触 high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理 income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换 infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程 intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计 internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习 intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬 inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合 interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突 interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点 intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者 incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述 job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化 job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换 job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区 key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数 laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产 lateral communication 横向沟通leadership style 领导风格 least preferred co-workerlpc最不喜欢的同事legitimate power 合法权力 liability 负债liaison 联络者 line authority 直线职权liquidity 流动性 liaison role 联络员角色long-linked technology 纵向关联技术 losses from conflict 冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership 低成本领先Mmanagement by objective 目标管理 Managerial Grid 管理方格matrix bosses 矩阵主管 management champion 管理倡导者materials-requirements planningMRP 物料需求计划Mslow,s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument 管理文化多元化营销观 multiculturalism 文化多元主义multidivisional firm 多部门公司 moral rules 道德准则management by walking aroundMBWA 走动式管理matrix structure 矩阵结构 multinational enterpriseMNE 跨国公司moral relativism 道德相对主义 mechanistic system 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management 中庸式管理 meso theory 常态理论multidomestic strategy 多国化战略mediating technology 调停技术Nnave relativism 朴素相对主义 need-achievement 成就需要norming 规范化 norms 规范nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策 nonsubstitutability 非替代性nonroutine technology 非例行技术 niche 领地Ooff-the-job training 脱产培训 on-the-job training 在职培训operational budget 运营预算 order backlog 订单储备organic system 有机系统 organizational developmentOD 组织发展orientation 定位 outcome interdependence 结果的相互依赖性outplacement services 外延服务 organization ecosystem 组织生态系统Pparadox of authority 权威的矛盾 paradox of creativity 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure 开放的矛盾 paradox of identify 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality 个性的矛盾 paradox of regression 回归的矛盾partial productivity 部分生产率 participative management 参与式管理path-goal model 路径目标模型 peer recruiter 同级招聘political action committeesPACs 政治活动委员会polycentric manager 多中心管理者 portfolio framework 业务组合框架portfolio investment 资产组合投资 positive reinforcement 正强化production flexibility 生产柔性 profitability 收益率programmed decisions 程序化决策 psychoanalytic view 精神分析法paradigm 范式 personal ratios 人员比例pooled dependence 集合性依存 professional bureaucracy 专业官僚机构problem identification 问题识别 problemistic search 问题搜寻population ecology model 种群生态模型Qquality 质量 quality circle 质量圈question mark 问题类市场 quid pro quo 交换物Rrational model of decision making 理性决策模式realistic job previewRJP 实际工作预览reciprocal interdependence 相互依存性resource dependence 资源依赖理论routine technology 例行技术 retention 保留rational approach 理性方法 rational model 理性模型rational-legal authority 理性—合法权威Ssemivariable cost 准可变成本 sense of potency 力量感sensitivity training 敏感性训练 sexual harassment 性骚扰short-run capacity changes 短期生产能力变化 single-strand chain 单向传言链situational approach 情境方法 situational force 情境力量situational leadership theory 情境领导理论 sliding-scale budget 移动规模预算small-batch production 小规模生产 sociotechnical approaches 社会科技方法span of management 管理幅度 staff authority 参谋职权standing plan 长设计划 step budget 分步预算stewardship principle 管家原则 stimulus 刺激storming 调整阶段 strategic management 战略管理strategic partnering 战略伙伴关系 strategy formulation 战略制定strategy implementation 战略实施 strategic control 战略控制strategic contingencies 战略权变 satisficing 满意度subsystems 子系统 subunits 子单位synergy 协同 system boundary 系统边界structure dimension 结构性维度 sequential interdependence 序列性依存self-directed team 自我管理型团队 specialist 专门战略strategy and structure changes 战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency 结构无效的特征Ttall hierarchies 高长型科层结构 task force or project team 任务小组或项目团队task independence 任务的内部依赖性 task management 任务型管理task-oriented style 任务导向型管理风格 total productivity 全部生产率Total Quality Management 全面质量管理 training positions 挂职培训training program 培训程序 transactional leaders 交易型领导transformational leaders 变革型领导 treatment discrimination 歧视待遇two-factory theory 双因素理论 two-boss employees 双重主管员工technical or product champion 技术或产品的倡导者Uunfreezing 解冻 unit production 单位产品Vvariation 变种子 variety 变量valence 效价 variable costs 可变成本vertical communication 纵向沟通 vertical integration 纵向一体化vestibule training 仿真培训 volume flexibility 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage 纵向连接 venture team 风险团队value based leadership 基于价值的领导Wwin-lose situation 输赢情境 win-win situation 双赢情境workforce literacy 员工的读写能力 work in progress 在制品work flow redesign 工作流程再造成 work flow automation 工作流程自动化whistle blowing 揭发Zzero-sum 零---和zone of indifferencearea of acceptance 无差异区域可接受区域。
【复试必看】MPA专业单词
【复试必看】MPA专业单词专业名词公共管理硕士master of public administration公共组织public organization公共部门public sector政府改革government reform治理governance善治good governance管理者Manager行政者administrator公共行政Public administration公共管理public management公共政策public policy公共事务public affair公共物品public goods私人物品private goods非政府组织/非营利组织NGO/NPO Non-governmental Organization/Non-Profit Organization组织organization第三部门the third sector经合组织OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development政府间关系IGR intergovernmental relations绩效管理performance management战略管理strategic management问责制government accountability政府工具governmental tool全面质量管理TQM total quality management目标管理MBO management by objectives标杆管理benchmarking management政府作用government role公共政策public policy人力资源管理HRM human resource management 公共经济管理public economy management公共管理伦理public administration ethics政府工具governmental tool政府失败government failures新公共管理new public management绩效评估performance evaluation流程再造process re-engineering专业短语▪面临挑战face the challenge；▪抓住机遇seize the opportunity；▪迎接挑战meet the challenge；▪建立健全establish and improve；▪采取有效措施take effective measures；▪源于derive from；▪深化改革deepen the reform；▪维护社会稳定maintain social stability；▪加大力度strengthen the efforts to；▪转变职能adjust the government functions；▪合同外包contract services；连接短语在…条件下on condition that；20世纪70年代末/初the late/early 1970s（念the seventieth of the 20th century）；加大力度strengthen the effort to；加快改革accelerate the reform；在20世纪in the 20th century；与……相比compared with；主要体现在mainly embodies at；由于as a result of/due to/because of；主要类型如下the principal types are as follows；解决……矛盾resolve the contradiction of；根据……标准according to the standard of；把……分类为classify…as…；一方面，另一方面on one hand,on the other hand。
mpa英语词汇
n.行为，行动；功绩，事迹deepa.深的，深刻的；深奥的；深切的ad.深深地deern.鹿defeatvt./n.战胜，挫败defensen.保卫，防御；答辩(=defence)defendvt.防守，保卫；答辩defendantn.被告deficitn.不足，缺陷；亏损，亏空(额)；赤字，逆差definevt.解释，下定义definitea.明确的，确定的，限定的definitelyad.一定地，肯定地；明确地，确切地definitionn.定义，解释degreen.度，程度；等级；学位delayn./v.推迟；耽搁，延误deletevt.删除delicatea.纤弱，易碎；精美，精致；微妙；精密deliciousa.美味的，芬芳的delightn.快乐，高兴vt.使高兴，使欣喜delivervt.交付，递送；释放，解救；发表，表达delivery n.传电；传送，交付；分娩demandvt./n.要求，需要democracyn.，XX制；XX国家democratica.XX的，有XX精神/作风的demonstratevt.表明；论证；演示vi.示威densea.密的，稠密的，浓密的densityn.稠密；密度dentala.牙齿的dentistn.牙科医生denyvt.否定，否认；拒绝，谢绝departv.离开，出发departmentn.部，部门，系departuren.离开，出发dependvi.(on/upon)决定于；依靠，依赖；信任dependenta.(on/upon)依靠的，依赖的，从属的depositvt.存放；使沉淀；储蓄n.存款；押金depressvt.压抑；降低depressionn.不景气，萧条；沮丧，消沉depthn.深度；深厚，深切describevt.描述，形容descriptionn.描写，形容；说明书desertn.沙漠；不毛之地vt.抛弃；从…开小差deservevt.应受，值得designvt.设计；计划n.图纸；设计；图案，花样desirablea.合乎需要的，令人满意的desirev./n.愿望，欲望；要求deskn.书桌，办公桌；服务台despairn./vi.失望，绝望desperatea.不顾一切的，铤而走险的；绝望的，危急的despiteprep.不管，不顾dessertn.正餐后的甜食或水果destroyvt.破坏，摧毁；消灭，扑灭；打破，粉碎destructionn.破坏，毁灭detailvt.详述，详谈n.细节，详情；枝节，琐事detaileda.详细的detectvt.察觉，发现detectionn.觉察，发觉；侦察；探测detectiven.侦探determinationn.决心，决定determinev.决定；决心developv.发展；开发，研制；显影；发育；进化developmentn.发展，进展；开发，研制；生长；新发展devicen.设计，方法；设备，装置deviln.魔鬼devisevt.设计，发明，想出devotevt.奉献，献身，致力于devotionn.献身，忠诚；热爱diagnosevt.诊断；判断diagnosisn.诊断；调查分析diagramn.图解，图表dialn.标度盘；钟面；拨号盘v.拨号，打dialectn.方言dialoguen.对话，对白diametern.直径(=diametre)diamondn.金钢石，钻石；菱形diaryn.日记dictatev.口述，口授，听写dictationn.口述，听写dictatorn.独裁者；口述者dictionaryn.词典，字典dievi.死，死亡；枯萎dieseln.柴油机，内燃机dietn.饮食，食物differvi.不同，相异differencen.差异，差别；分歧，争论differenta.差异的，不同的difficulta.困难的，艰难的；难应付的，难满足的difficultyn.困难，难事；困境digv.挖，掘；探究digitala.数字的dima.昏暗；模糊不清的dinnern.吃饭；正餐，主餐；宴会dioxiden.二氧化物dipvt./n.浸directa./ad.直接vt.把…对准；指示；管理，指导directionn.方向，方位；指导，指令；(pl.)用法说明directlyad.直接地，直截了当地；立即，马上directorn.主任，处长，局长；主管，董事；导演dirtn.污垢；泥土dirtya.脏的；卑鄙的；下流的招待，款待entertainmentn.娱乐enthusiasmn.热心，热情，积极性entirea.完全的，全部的，完整的entrancen.入口，门口；入场，入会，入学entryn.进入，入场；入口，河口；登记，登录envelopen.信封，信皮environmentn.环境，四周，外界envyv./n.妒忌，羡慕equala.相(平)等的；胜任的n.匹敌者vt.等于equalityn.平等，同等equatorn.赤道equipvt.装备，设备equipmentn.装备，设备，器材eran.时代，年代，阶段erecta.直立的；笔直的vt.使竖立；树立，建立errorn.错误，过失escapevi.逃跑；逃避，避免；逸出especiallyad.特别，尤其，格外essayn.散文，随笔，短论essencen.本质，实质，要素；精髓，精华；香精，香水，精essentiala.必不可少，必要的；本质的，基本的establishv.建立，设立，创办；确立，使确认establishmentn.建立，设立，确立；建立的机构(组织)estaten.不动产，财产estimatev./n.估计，估价，评价euron.欧元Europen.欧洲Europeana.欧洲的n.欧洲人evaluatevt.评价，评估even.前夕，前夜evena.平(坦)的；均等的；偶数的ad.甚至eveningn.傍晚，黄昏，晚上eventn.事件，事变，大事；比赛项目eventuallyad.终于，最后everad.曾经，在任何时候everya.每，每个；每隔…的everybodypron.每人，人人everydaya.每天的，日常的everyone=everybodyeverythingpron.事事，凡事，一切东西everywheread.处处，到处evidencen.证据，证物evidenta.明显的，明白的evidentlyad.明显地，显而易见地eviln.邪恶，罪恶；祸害a.邪恶的，坏的evolutionn.进化，演化；渐进，发展evolvev.(使)发展，(使)演变；(使)进(演)化exacta.确切的，精确的exam=examinationexaminationn.考试，测验；检验，检查，审查examinevt.检验，审查，调查；考试examplen.例，实例；X例，榜样exceedvt.超过，胜过excellenta.优秀的，杰出的，卓越的exceptprep.除…之外exceptionn.例外excessn.超过；过分，过量a.过度的，额外的excessivea.过度的，过分的，极度的exchangevt./n.兑换；交流，交换n.交换台，交易所excitevt.激动，使兴奋；激发，刺激，唤起exciteda.兴奋的excitementn.刺激，兴奋exclaimv.大叫，呼喊，大声叫excusevt.原谅n.借口，理由executevt.处死，处决；实行，实施，执行executivea.执行的，实施的n.执行者，行政官exempta.(from)被免除的vt.(from)免除exercisen.练习，习题v./n.锻练vt.运用，行使exhaustvt.耗尽，竭力；使衰竭n.排气装置；废气exhibitvt.显示；展览，陈列n.展览，展品exhibitionn.展览，显示；展览会existvi.在，存在existencen.存在，生存exitn.出口；太平门vi./n.退出，退场expandv.膨胀，扩大，扩Xexpansionn.扩充，开展，膨胀expectvt.期待，盼望；料想，预期expensen.开销，花费；(pl.)费用expensivea.花钱多的，高价的，昂贵的experiencen.经验；经历；感受，体验vt.体验，经历experimentn.试验，实验vi.(on/with)实验，试验experimentala.试验(上)的expertn.专家，能手 a.专家的，内行的explainvt.解释，说明explanationn.解释，说明explodev.(使)爆炸，爆发破裂exploitvt.利用，使用；开发，开采explorev.勘探；探险；探索，探究explosionn.爆炸；爆发explosivea.爆炸(性)的n.炸药exportn.出口商品n./v.输出，出口exposevt.暴露，揭露exposuren.暴露；揭露；曝光expressvt.表示，表达n.快运；快车a.特快的expressionn.表达，表示，表现；措辞，词句；表情extendstagen.舞台，戏剧；阶段，时期stainn.污点；污染vt.沾染，污染stairn.(pl.)楼梯；阶梯staken.桩，标桩；赌注stampn.邮票；图章vt./n.跺脚；践踏vt.盖章/印standvi.站立；位于；经受n.台，座；货摊；立场standardn.标准，规格starn.星，恒星；明星，名人vi.主演starevi./n.盯，凝视startv.开始/动；动身；开设n.开端；出发；吃惊startern.(竞赛的)参加者starvev.饿死，饿得慌statevt.陈述，声明n.情况，状态；国家，州statementn.陈述，声明statesmann.政治家，国务活动家staticala.静止的，静态的，静的；停滞的n.静电；静力学stationn.车站；所，局，站；岗位，位置；身份statisticala.统计(学)的statistics n.统计学statuen.雕像，塑像statusn.地位，身份；情形，状况stayvi./n.逗留，停留，作客steadya.稳定，不变；稳固；坚定v.(使)稳定steakn.肉片，牛排stealv.偷，窃取steamn.(蒸)汽vi.发出蒸汽；行驶vt.蒸煮steamern.汽船，轮船steeln.钢steepa.险峻的，陡峭的；(价格等)过高的；急剧的(上升或下降) vt.浸泡，沉浸steervt.驾驶，掌舵stemn.茎，干vt.堵住vi.起源于，由…造成stepn.脚步(声)；台阶；步骤，措施vi.举步，走sterna.苛刻，严厉stickn.棍，棒；手杖vt.刺，戳；粘贴vi.粘着stickya.粘的，有粘性的stiffa.硬的，僵直的；生硬的，死板的stillad.还，仍然；然而；更a.静止的；寂静的stimulatevt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋stirvt.移/搅/轰动vi.微/活动n.微/搅/轰动stockn.储备；备料，库存，现货；股票；牲畜stockholdern.股东stockingn.(pl.)长袜stomachn.胃stonen.石，石料stooln.凳子stoopv.屈身，弯腰，俯首n.(常用复数)屈身，弯腰stopn.停车站vt./n.停止，中止vi.阻止；逗留storagen.贮藏，保管；存储器storen.商店，店铺；备用品vt./n.贮藏，贮存storeyn.楼层stormn.暴风雨storyn.故事，小说；传说，事迹；新闻报导stoven.炉子，火炉straighta.直，平直a./ad.正直，直率ad.直接strainn.紧X，过劳；X力vt.拉紧，伸X；拉伤strangea.奇怪，奇异；陌生的，生疏的strangern.陌生人，生客；外地人，外国人strategicala.关键的，对全局有重要意义的；战略(上)的strategyn.战略，策略strawn.稻草，麦杆；吸管strawberryn.草莓；草莓色streamn.小河，溪流vi.流，流出streamlinevt.使成流线型；使简化；使现代化streetn.街道，马路strengthn.力，力量；实力，长处strengthenvt.加强，巩固stressn.压力；紧迫；强调vt.强调，着重stretchv./n.拉长，延，伸n.连续的一段时间stricta.严格的；严谨的，精确的striken./vi.罢工vt.打，击；攻击；给…深刻印象strikinga.显著的，惊人的stringn.绳，线，弦；一串，一行，一列stripn.窄条，长带vt.剥，剥去…衣服stroken.击；钟声；抚摸；一划/击；中风vt.抚摸stronga.强壮，强大；强硬；强烈structurala.结构的，构造的structuren.结构，构造；建筑物strugglev./n.斗争，奋斗，努力studentn.学生，学员studion.画室，播音室，工作室studyvt.学习；研究；细看vi.读书n.学习；研究stuffvt.填满n.物品；个人的所有物；原料；东西stuffya.不透气的，闷热的stupida.愚蠢，迟钝stylen.风格，文体；时尚，时髦；种类，类型subjectn.主题；学科；实验对象a.受…支配的submitv.(to)服从，屈服；呈送，提交subsequenta.随后的，后来的substancen.物质；实质，本质；要旨，大意substantiala.物质的，实质的，真实的；坚固的，结实的；可观的，大量的substituten.代用品，代替者vt.代，代替。
公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览
公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览公共管理硕士（MPA）重要英语词汇一览（一）normal, radiate发射, authority,companion同事同伴, concept概念, create,creature, dentist, identify鉴别, identical同一的, identity认出, engage使……雇佣、聘用, entitle给……权利、资格, evaluate估价,fluid、solid流体、固体，influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense紧张的、强烈的、剧烈的, interpret解释、说明、口译, justice 正义、公平, adjust, judge, minor次要的、未成年的, observe遵守、测评、评估, deserve应受、值的, preserve保护、维护、维持, parallel平行的、并列的, percept知觉、对象, stuff塞满、原料, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder惊讶, widespread广泛的、普遍的, ambition雄心、大志, approach, brief摘要、大纲、短的,（二）force, enforce实施、迫使, reinforce加强、增援, report, scope范围、机会、余地spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse归咎、控告, afford, anxiety焦虑、渴望, atmosphere, blame, bargain买卖全同、议价, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious有意识的、自觉的、故意的, convince使确信、使说服, custom, desperate不顾一切的、拼命的，凶暴的、极我危险的, encourage, discourage使沮丧, economic, economy, motive, promote促使, emotional感情的、情绪的, motion动机, fail to, flat, install, intimate, limit, major主修的、成年的, no matter, neutral中立的, outlet出品、销路、电源插座, perform履行、执行, inform告知, formal外形的、正式的、合理的（三）conquer, result, consult参考、请教, insult, 侮辱、冒犯，deliberate深思熟虑的、有准备的, despair绝望、失望的, compare, emergence浮现、露出, emergency，establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate挫败、破坏，使无效, handy便于携带的, incredible不可信的, inherit, conference会议、协商会, infer推断、推理, offer, interfere, length, manufacture制造、加工, mood心情、情绪、气氛, necessity, noble高贵的、贵族, occasion, occasional, output 产量、产品、输出, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice, practical, recognize, release, rescue救援、解救, maintain, remain, obtain,（四）entertain娱乐，rural农村的, urban城市的, similar to, trial试验、暂时性的, trail踪迹、痕迹, witness目击、目睹, absolute, accumulate积累, in advance 有远见、有前、预先, advanced, advantage, agent代理, appeal, application 申请表, point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim声称、声明, climate, complicate使复杂、使陷入, comprise包含、包括, considerable相当多的, resume重新开始、摘要, consume消耗, assume承担、假定、采取, contact 联系, convict证明……有罪, crew全体员工, crucial至关重要的, define定义, definite明确的、肯定的、有限的, deliver, disaster, disorder, diverse, economic, alert, exert使用、施加, facility设备、工具、便利, faith,（五）faithful, gap, sympathy同情, trace痕迹、追溯, track轨道、车辙、跑道、足迹、追踪, visual, vision, worship礼拜、尊敬, apparatus仪器, brand, civil国内的、全民的, clarity清楚、说明, declare断言、宣布、报关, combine, connect, consider, insert插入, desert不毛、放弃, drown溺死、淹死, external外部的、客观的, frank坦白的、真率的, press, impress, pressure, depress使沮丧, express表达, indispensable不可破的, inspect检查、审查, respect, prospect 景色、前景, perspective透视、观点、远景, peculiar特有的, particular, likely, inquire询问、查询, require, acquire获得, request请求, result , consult参考、参阅、请教, insult侮辱, spray喷射,雾化（六）announce宣告、发表, pronounce发音、宣告, apparent显然、外表上的, boundary分界, frontier国界, nullity无效行为的, debate争辩, decrease, increase, reduce减小, include, conclude推断, exclude拒绝、逐出, federal联合的、联邦的, firm, forecast预报, foresee预见、预知, grateful感谢的, integrate, divide, individual个人的, fence, defense防卫, offend冒犯, portion 部分, proper, property财产,poverty贫穷，reputation, restrict, loyal忠心的, royal王室的、盛大的, spot污点, terminal终点、末期的, alter, alternate轮流、交替, alternative二中选一, concrete具体的、混凝土的, consequent随之的、必然发生的, explode使爆炸, explore勘探, exploit开发、开采、开拓, hesitate犹豫、支支吾吾的,（七）imagine, influence, innocent清白的, guilty有罪的, persuade, possess占有, sample, support, vital, burden, elect选举, select, collect, collective集合的、集体的, contribute贡献, distribute分发, attribute归因于, abuse滥用, prejudice 偏见, avoid, escape, capture捕获, compete, effort, enthusiasm, involve包含、使陷于, evolve使进展、逐渐成形, imply暗示、意味, reply, multiply乘加、多元化, issue, modify修饰, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award奖品、授予, reward报酬, shelter掩蔽, skim浏览,（八）in spite of, temporary临时的, vehicle交通工具, ancestor associate, refuse, confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible, invisible看不见的, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil损坏, stimulate刺激、激励, suffer, tense, accompany, analyze, conflict战斗, convenient, derive源自、起源, deprive剥夺, thrive兴旺、繁荣, dominate, element, gallery美术馆、走廊, interval时间间隔, lock, lack, match比赛、火柴, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant无知、愚昧, independent,（九）inspire激发, motion动机, promote促进, remote遥远、冷淡的, motive运动的、目的、主旨, numerous许多的, relevant有关的, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh,tempt诱惑、吸引, attempt, contract, attract, candidate候补的, commercial 商业的, communicate, contain, coordinate使协调, respond回应、作出反映, correspond通信、相当、符合, emphasis, enclose随信附上, focus, instinct 本能、直觉, investigate, invest, manner, mere仅仅, nerve神经中枢, political, policy, reliable可靠的、可信赖的, resemble相似的, assemble集中、召集, shape外形, sophisticate世故的, stain污点,（十）strain紧张的、过度疲劳的, symbol, triumph胜利、成功, upright, vigorous 精力旺盛、有力的, benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance环境、境况, chain store, concentrate, delegate派……为代表, diligent勤奋的, dispute争论, estimate, factor, intentional故意的, occupy占领, inject, reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive, revive使复兴、有效, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern, continue, deny, distance, insure保险, invade使……侵略, mature成熟、成年人的, mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect忽视、忽略, （十一）purpose, raw生的、未加工的, refurbish再磨光, remove, restore修复, resort 求助、讼诸, scarcely仅仅、几乎不, specific特有的, target, alarm, approve赞成, certify证明、保证, certificate证书, frost霜、严峻的, fund, genuine真诚的, intend, material, memory, primitive原始的, propose建议、提议, ruin, shadow, contrary相反的, sufficient充分的, accent, actually, adequate, anxious, attach系上、附上, awkward笨拙的、尴尬的, budget, capture捕获、赢得, channel, circulate使循环、使流通, community社团, company, consent 同意赞成, cooperate合作、协作, cultivate耕种、培养, depart走开、逝去的, devote奉献、献身,denote表示、指示（十二）dismiss解散、开除, distant, enhance, eventually最后、终于, fierce, manage, overnight通宵的, passion激情, passive被动的、消极的, postpone, progress, pursue, react, render呈交、归还, sense, treat, treaty条约、协定, capacity容量、能力, civilian平民、公务员, compel强迫, contradiction反驳、矛盾、抵触, crack暇疵、爆裂, curiosity, departure启程、离开, devise设计、发明、图谋, device设备、装置, secure安全的, accurate精密的、准确的, depend 依靠, distinguish区别, plain平原, complain, explain, financial, hurt, injure, harm, destroy, ruin, comprise ,contain, embody使具体化,subsume包含, construct建造, structure结构, isolate使隔离, labor, task, overlook远眺, overcome战胜、克服, resist抵抗, insist, state声明、陈述, supreme最高的, superior较高的, volume卷、体积, absorb, account, achieve, universal全体的, convert, reverse颠覆、相反, apply, applicable适用的, applicant申请者,application请求、申请, broad, board, cancel, casual偶然的、随意的, cancer, classify分类、分级, comfort, submit递交、投降、服从, permit许可, emit发出、射出, complex, conduct行为、举止, constant, core核心、果核, demand, command命令、指令, comment评论、注释, commend 表扬,（十三）mental, recommend推荐、介绍, mention, design, signal信号, significant意义重大的, protect, detect, point, appoint约定、指定, appointment, disappoint, duration持续时间长, durable耐久的, employ, excess过分、过量, exceed超出, success, succeed, process, proceed, false, indicate指出、显示、象征, predict预言预知, opportunity, personal, pose, dispose决定、处置, expose揭露, suppose假定、料想, oppose反对、对比, compose组成, impose征税、欺骗、强加, deposit储蓄, poison, poverty, cautious小心的、谨慎的, prove, improve改进、改善, record, relieve减轻,（十四）sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign, cause, commission, component, content, intention, crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard, discipline, anticipate, participate, principal, principle, familiar, feature, feasible, indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally, virtually, deal with, cope（十五）with, doubt, 执行, density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate, countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually, precious, precise, appreciate, reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length, supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive, preference, produce, reflect, scale, semester, shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer,（十六）accomplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist, resist, consist, colony, confront, conventional, descend, donate, elementary, eliminate, frequent, incline, instant, merit, military, prevent, represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge, continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option, phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial, creature, determine, distinct, encounter, environment, fatiguecontend 争论、竞争者cosmos 秩序、完整体系elsewhere 在别处fabricate 捏造humbly 谦恭的offend 冒犯的primary 首要的、最初的privilege 特权refine 精炼resolve 决心、解决strikingly 醒目的、引人注目的superior 较高的trait 人的个性、特征understanding 谅解、通情达理的validate 证实、确证、有法律效力的whereas 但是、而。
mpa专业英语单词.docx
专业单词：社会和谐 harmonious society；客体 object；科学发展观 scientific outlook 主体 subject；on development ；我国 our country；西方国家 the western country；农村 rural area；协调 harmonize ；城市 urban ；结构 structure ；特点 feature；优点弱点机会挑战 SWOT干预 intervention；strength weakness opportunity模式 mode；threaten ；市场经济 market economy ；阶段 period ；计划经济 planned economy ；经济人 economic man；转型期 transition period；官僚制 bureaucracy ；途径 approach ；因素；参与 participant；规则 regulation；期望 anticipate ；范围 scope/area ；中国共产党 CCP China内容 content ；communist party ；力度；通货膨胀 inflation；自主权 autonomy；财政赤字 financial deficit；逐渐 gradually ；传统 traditional；社区 community；现代 modern；优点 / 缺点 merit/demerit；强调 emphasize；创造 create ；权力 authority ；调查 investigate ；背景 background ；control ；西方国家 western country；微观经济 microeconomic ；引入竞争机制 introduce资源有效配置 efficient competition into；allocation of resources；市场化 marketization；努力 effort ；社会化 socialization；通过 via/through；市场机制 market mechanism ；分配 assign ；增长率 growth rate ；政企分开 separate government 合法、法治、负责、透明、有效function from enterprise legally 、rule of law、management；accountability、transparency、制度 system；effectiveness ；根本目的 the fundamental放权 / 授权代理 devolution；goal ；定义 definition；基本原则 the fundamental分权 decentralization；principle ；质疑 suspicion；必要条件 necessary地方自治 local autonomy；conditions ；自上而下 / 自下而上 top必要手段 necessary means ；down/bottom up ；要素 element ；经济危机 economic crisis；提高 uplift ；多样的 multiple；信誉 reputation；宏观调控 macroeconomic局限性 limitation；划 plan ；源于 derive from；开 develop ；深化改革 deepen the reform；； forecast ；完善社会定 maintain socialperfect ；stability；needful 需要的；加大力度 strengthen the督 supervise/supervision；efforts to；民 peasant ；能 adjust the网友 net friend；government functions ；同事 colleague；合同外包 contract services；极美的 gorgeous ；接：推 promotion随着⋯ along with ；：把⋯看作 regard as ；面挑 face the在去 in the past；challenge ；当前 currently ；抓住机遇 seize the在⋯条件下 on condition that；opportunity ；20 世 70 年代末 / 初 the迎接挑 meet the challenge；late/early 1970s（念 the建立健全 establish and seventieth of the 20thimprove ；century ）；加入 WTO accession to WTO；；加大力度 strengthen the采取有效措施 take effective effort to；measures；加快改革 accelerate thereform ；公共在 20 世 in the 20th century ；public organization ；公共部与⋯⋯相比 compared with ；public sector；主要体在 mainly embodies政府改革 government reform；at ；治理 governance ；由于 as a result of/due善治 good governance ；to/because of；主要型如下管理者 Manager；the principal types are as行政者 administrator ；follows ；公共行政 Public解决⋯⋯矛盾 resolve the administration；contradiction of；公共管理 public management ；点 / 缺点是 the公共政策 public policy；advantage/disadvantage；public affair公共事；根据⋯⋯准 according to the公共物品 public goods ；standard of ；因此私人物品 private goods；therefore/thus；非政府 / 非利把⋯⋯分 classify⋯as⋯；NGO/NPO Non-governmental 一方面，另一方面 on one Organization/Non-Profit hand,on the other hand；Organization；名：organization ；公共管理士 master of第三部 the third sector；public administration；合 OECD Organizationfor Economic Co-operation and public administration ethics ；Development；政府工具 governmental tool；政府间关系 IGR政府失败 government failures；intergovernmental relations；新公共管理 new public绩效管理 performance management；management；绩效评估 performance战略管理 strategic evaluation ；management；流程再造 process问责制 government re-engineering ；accountability ；政府工具 governmental tool；全面质量管理 TQM totalquality management ；目标管理 MBO management byobjectives；标杆管理benchmarking management；政府作用 government role；公共政策 public policy；人力资源管理 HRM humanresource management ；公共经济管理 public economymanagement；公共管理伦理。
mpa专业英语单词
专业单词：客体object ；主体subject；我国our country；农村rural area；城市urban；特点feature；干预intervention；模式mode；市场经济market economy；计划经济planned economy；转型期transition period；途径approach；规则regulation；范围scope/area；内容content；力度；通货膨胀inflation；财政赤字financial deficit；传统traditional；现代modern；强调emphasize；权力authority；社会和谐harmonious society；科学发展观scientific outlook on development；西方国家the western country；协调harmonize；结构structure；优点弱点机会挑战SWOT strength weakness opportunity threaten；阶段period；经济人economic man；官僚制bureaucracy；因素；参与participant；期望anticipate；中国共产党CCP China communist party；自主权autonomy；逐渐gradually；社区community；优点/缺点merit/demerit；创造create；调查investigate；背景background；西方国家western country；引入竞争机制introduce competition into；市场化marketization；社会化socialization；市场机制market mechanism；增长率growth rate；合法、法治、负责、透明、有效legally、rule of law、accountability、transparency、effectiveness；放权/授权代理devolution；定义definition；分权decentralization；质疑suspicion；地方自治local autonomy；自上而下/自下而上topdown/bottom up；经济危机economic crisis；多样的multiple；宏观调控macroeconomic control；微观经济microeconomic；资源有效配置efficient allocation of resources；努力effort；通过via/through；分配assign；政企分开separate government function from enterprise management；制度system；根本目的the fundamental goal；基本原则the fundamental principle；必要条件necessary conditions；必要手段necessary means；要素element；提高uplift；信誉reputation；局限性limitation；规划plan；开发develop；预测；预测forecast；完善perfect；needful需要的；监督supervise/supervision；农民peasant；网友net friend；同事colleague；极美的gorgeous；推进promotion专业词组：面临挑战face the challenge；抓住机遇seize the opportunity；迎接挑战meet the challenge；建立健全establish and improve；加入WTO accession to WTO；；采取有效措施take effective measures；源于derive from；深化改革deepen the reform；维护社会稳定maintain social stability；加大力度strengthen the efforts to；转变职能adjust the government functions；合同外包contract services；连接词组：随着…along with；把…看作regard as；在过去in the past；当前currently；在…条件下on condition that；20世纪70年代末/初the late/early 1970s（念the seventieth of the 20th century）；加大力度strengthen the effort to；加快改革accelerate the reform；在20世纪in the 20th century；与……相比compared with；主要体现在mainly embodies at；由于as a result of/due to/because of；主要类型如下the principal types are as follows；解决……矛盾resolve the contradiction of；优点/缺点是theadvantage/disadvantage；根据……标准according to the standard of；因此therefore/thus；把……分类为classify …as…；一方面，另一方面on one hand,on the other hand；专业名词：公共管理硕士master of public administration；公共组织public organization；公共部门public sector；政府改革government reform；治理governance；善治good governance；管理者Manager；行政者administrator；公共行政Public administration；公共管理public management；公共政策public policy；public affair公共事务；公共物品public goods；私人物品private goods；非政府组织/非营利组织NGO/NPO Non-governmental Organization/Non-Profit Organization；组织organization；第三部门the third sector；经合组织OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development；政府间关系IGR intergovernmental relations；绩效管理performance management；战略管理strategic management；问责制government accountability；政府工具governmental tool；全面质量管理TQM total quality management；目标管理MBO management by objectives；标杆管理benchmarking management；政府作用government role；公共政策public policy；人力资源管理HRM human resource management；公共经济管理public economy management；公共管理伦理public administration ethics；政府工具governmental tool；政府失败government failures；新公共管理new public management；绩效评估performance evaluation；流程再造process re-engineering；。
公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览-MPA考试.doc
公共管理硕士（MPA）重要英语词汇一览-MPA考试force,enforce,reinforce,report,scope,spirit,decline,climate,lendto,acc use,afford,anxiety,atmosphere,blame,bargain,calculate,circle,confide nce,conscious,convince,custom,desperate,encourage,discourage,econ omic,economy,motive,promote,emotional,motion,failto,flat,install,in timate,limit,major,nomatter,neutral,outlet,perform,inform,formal,nor mal,radiate,authority,companion,concept,create,creature,dentist,ident ify,identical,identity,engage,entitle,evaluate,fluid,influence,fortune,f ulfill,general,intense,interpret,justice,adjust,judge,minor,observe,des erve,preserve,parallel,percept,stuff,surroundings,transport,transmit,tr ansform,undergo,wander,wonder,widespread,ambition,approach,brie f,conquer,result,consult,insult,deliberate,despair,compare,emergence, emergency,establish,exhaust,expand,fade,frustrate,handy,incredible,i nherit,conference,infer,offer,interfere,length,manufacture,mood,nece ssity,noble,occasion,occasional,output,oversea,pattern,plunge,practic e,practical,recognize,release,rescue,maintain,remain,obtain,entertain, rural,urban,similarto,trial,trail,witness,absolute,accumulate,inadvanc e,advanced,advantage,agent,appeal,application,point,appoint,approxi mate,barrier,claim,climate,complicate,comprise,considerable,resume ,consume,assume,contact,convict,crew,crucial,define,definite,deliver ,disaster,disorder,diverse,economic,alert,exert,facility,faith,faithful,g ap,sympathy,trace,track,visual,vision,worship,apparatus,brand,civil,c larity,declare,combine,connect,consider,insert,desert,drown,external,frank,press,impress,pressure,depress,express,indispensable,inspect,re spect,prospect,perspective,peculiar,particular,likely,inquire,require,a cquire,request,result,consult,insult,spray,announce,pronounce,appare nt,boundary,frontier,nullity,debate,decrease,increase,reduce,include,c onclude,exclude,federal,firm,forecast,foresee,grateful,integrate,divid e,individual,fence,defense,offend,portion,proper,property,reputation, restrict,loyal,royal,spot,terminal,alter,alternate,alternative,concrete,c onsequent,explode,explore,exploit,hesitate,imagine,influence,innoce nt,guilty,persuade,possess,sample,support,vital,burden,elect,select,co llect,collective,contribute,distribute,attribute,abuse,prejudice,avoid,e scape,capture,compete,effort,enthusiasm,involve,evolve,imply,reply, multiply,issue,modify,occur,opponent,prefer,refer,publish,punish,rate ,award,reward,shelter,skim,inspiteof,temporary,vehicle,ancestorasso ciate,refuse,confuse,describe,display,dueto,error,essential,fresh,obvi ous,visible,invisible,previous,recall,relate,soil,spoil,stimulate,suffer,t ense,accompany,analyze,conflict,convenient,derive,deprive,thrive,do minate,element,gallery,interval,lock,lack,match,ideal,reality,ignore,i gnorant,independent,inspire,motion,promote,remote,motive,numero us,relevant,retreat,straight,suicide,trick,weigh,tempt,attempt,contract ,attract,candidate,commercial,communicate,contain,coordinate,respo nd,correspond,emphasis,enclose,focus,instinct,investigate,invest,ma nner,mere,nerve,political,policy,reliable,resemble,assemble,shape,sophisticate,stain,strain,symbol,triumph,upright,vigorous,benefit,profit ,characterize,circumstance,chainstore,concentrate,delegate,diligent,d ispute,estimate,factor,intentional,occupy,inject,reject,object,project,s ubject,scenery,survive,revive,temper,vary,accelerate,behave,concern, continue,deny,distance,insure,invade,mature,mental,monitor,mysteri ous,neglect,purpose,raw,refurbish,remove,restore,resort,scarcely,spe cific,target,alarm,approve,certify,certificate,frost,fund,genuine,intend ,material,memory,primitive,propose,ruin,shadow,contrary,sufficient, accent,actually,adequate,anxious,attach,awkward,budget,capture,cha nnel,circulate,community,company,consent,cooperate,cultivate,depar t,devote,dismiss,distant,enhance,eventually,fierce,manage,overnight, passion,passive,postpone,progress,pursue,react,render,sense,treat,tre aty,capacity,civilian,compel,contradiction,crack,curiosity,departure,d evise,device,secure,accurate,depend,distinguish,plain,complain,expl ain,financial,hurt,injure,harm,destroy,ruin,comprise,contain,embody, subsume,construct,structure,isolate,labor,task,overlook,overcome,res ist,insist,state,supreme,superior,volume,absorb,account,achieve,univ ersal,convert,reverse,apply,applicable,applicant,application,broad,bo ard,cancel,casual,cancer,classify,comfort,submit,permit,emit,comple x,conduct,constant,core,demand,command,comment,commend,ment al,recommend,mention,design,signal,significant,protect,detect,point, appoint,appointment,disappoint,duration,durable,employ,excess,exceed,success,succeed,process,proceed,false,impose,indicate,predict,op portunity,personal,pose,dispose,expose,suppose,oppose,compose,im pose,deposit,poison,poverty,cautious,prove,improve,record,relieve,si ncere,troop,upset,violent,welfare,abundant,advocate,affect,effect,effe ctive,efficient,campaign,cause,commission,component,content,intent ion,crisis,critic,critical,destination,discard,discipline,anticipate,partic ipate,principal,principle,familiar,feature,feasible,indifferent,provide,r ecover,standard,thorough,morally,virtually,dealwith,copewith,doubt,执行,density,corporation,currency,current,demonstrate,countless,discou nt,extraordinary,graduate,gradually,precious,precise,appreciate,reluct ant,unwilling,sharp,shape,source,strength,length,supply,drop,endure, evident,enormous,intensive,preference,produce,reflect,scale,semeste r,shift,talent,threat,typical,vain,volunteer,accomplish,analysis,assist, persist,insist,resist,consist,colony,confront,conventional,descend,don ate,elementary,eliminate,frequent,incline,instant,merit,military,preve nt,represent,restrain,academic,available,challenge,continent,elaborat e,function,generous,illustrate,measure,narrow,option,phenomenon,pr ohibit,panic,pretend,prompt,regulate,shrink,swallow,uniform,artifici al,creature,determine,distinct,encounter,environment,fatigue12。
MPA英语词汇大全
AA,anart.一(个);任何一个;每,每一件abandonv.放弃;抛弃abilityn.能力,智能;才能,才干ablea.有能力的,能干的,显示出才华的able to inf. 能,会aboardad.在船(飞机,车)上,上船（飞机,车）prep.在（船,飞机,车）上,上（船,飞机,车）abortionn.流产，夭折aboutad.在周围,附近,到处;大约,差不多prep.关于,对于;在…周围,在…附近a.准备be about to+inf.即将aboveprep.在…上面,超过,高于a.上面的,上述的ad.在上面,以上above all首要,尤其abroadad.到国外,在国外;到处absencen.缺席,不在场;缺乏,没有absenta.(from)缺席,不在场;缺乏的漫不经心的absolutea.绝对的,完全的absorbv.吸收;吸收,使专心be absorbed in专心于abusen.滥用，虐待，辱骂；陋习，弊端V 滥用，虐待，辱骂academica.学院的;学术的acceptv.接受,认可;同意,认可acceptablea.可接受的acceptancen.接受,验收;承认,认可accessn.接近,进入;入口,通道,入口;接近（或进入）的方法have/gain access to可以获得accidentn.事故;意外的事,偶然的事by accident偶然accompanyv.陪同,伴随;为…伴奏accomplishv.完成according to按照,根据accountn.账（目,户）;叙述,说明v.说明,解释account for说明（原因等）on account of因为,由于take …into account考虑accuratea.精确的,准确的accusev.（of）控告,谴责accustomeda.惯常的,习惯的be accustomed to习惯于achev.痛n.疼痛,酸痛achievev.完成;达到,达成,获得achievementn. 完成;达到, ,获得acidn.酸a.酸的acquirev.取得,获得;学到acren.英亩acrossprep.横过,穿过;在...对面,与...交叉ad.横过,穿过,横断;宽,阔actv.行动,做事;(on)起作用;表演n.行为,动作;(一)幕;法令,条例actionn.行动,行为;动作,活动;(on)作用activea.有活力的,活跃的,敏捷的,在活动中的activistn.积极分子，活动分子actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actuala.实际的,现实的ActuallyAd.事实上ad=advertisementn.广告adaptv.(to)(使)适应,适合;改编,改写addv.(to)加,增加;补充说,又说add up to合计,总计additionn.(增)加,加法;附加(物)in addition另外in addition to除...之外addressn.地址,通讯处,致词v.致函,写姓名地址;向...讲话adequatea.足够的,充分的,恰当的v.毗连,靠近adjustv.调节,调整,校正)administrationn.管理,经营;行政(机关,部门);政府admirev.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕admitv.让...进入,接纳;承认adoptv.采用,采纳,通过;收养adultn.成(年)人a.成年人的,已成熟的advancev.前进,进展;推进,促进;提出(建议等);提前n.前进,进展;预付,预支in advance提前,预先advanceda. 高级的,先进的,前进的advantagen.优点,长处,有利条件;利益,好处gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于take advantage of利用adventuren.冒险,冒险活动;奇遇advertisev.做广告advertisementn.广告advicen.劝告,忠告,(医生等的)意见advisablen.可取的,适当的advisev.劝告,忠告;建议;通知v.提倡,鼓吹aeroplane/airplanen.飞机aerospacen.太空,宇宙空间affairn.事,事情,事件affectv.影响;感动affectionn.爱,慈爱,感情;影响affordv.担负得起,买得起,花得起(时间);供给,给予afraida.(of)怕,害怕的;恐怕,担心的African.非洲Africana.非洲(人)的n.非洲人afterprep.在…以后,在...后面conj.在...后ad.以后,后来afternoonn.下午,午后againad.又,再(次),重新againstprep.对(着),逆;反对;违反;靠近,倚在;对比agen.年龄;时期,时代v.变老,老化agoad.以前,...前agonyn.苦恼,痛苦agreev.(to,with)同意,赞成;一致,适合agreementn.同意,一致;协定,协议agriculturen.农业aheadad.在前,向前,提前,前头ahead of在...前面,先于aidv.援助,救援,帮助n.援助,救护;助手,辅助物,辅助设备aimv.(at)目的在于,旨在;瞄准,针对n.目标,目的airn.空气,大气,天空;神气,架子v.使通风in the air在流行中,在传播中aircraftn.航空器,飞机airlinen.航线;航空公司airplanen.飞机airportn.机场,航空站alarmn.警报;惊恐,惊慌v.使惊恐,惊动,惊吓;向...报警alcoholn.酒精,乙醇alikea.相同的,想像的alivea.活着着;活跃的,热闹的alla.所有的,全部的pron.一切,全部ad.完全,都,十分above all首要,尤其after all终于,毕竟;虽然这样all but几乎,差一点;除...之外其余都all out全力以赴,竭尽全力all over遍及,到处all right行,可以;顺利,良好at all完全,根本in all总共,共计not at all一点也不allowv.允许,准许;承认;让...得到allow for考虑到allowancen.津贴,补助(费)make allowance(s) for考虑到,顾及;体谅,原谅almostad.几乎,差不多alonea.单独,独立,独一无二的ad.仅仅,只;单独地,独自leave/let...alone听其自然,不要去管let alone更不用说alongprep.沿着ad.向前along with与...一起aloudad.出声地,大声地alphabetn.字母表alreadyad.已,已经alsoad.也,同样;而且,还alterv.改变,变更althoughconj.尽管,虽然,即使altogetherad.完全,全部地;总共;总之aluminum/aluminiumn.铝alwaysad.永远,始终;总是,一直amazev.使惊奇,使惊愕,使惊叹amazinga.令人惊讶的,令人吃惊的,ambitionn.雄心,野心ambitiousa.有雄心的,野心勃勃的ambulancen.救护车American.美洲;美国Americana.美洲(人)的;美国(人)的n.美国人;美国人among(st)prep.在…之中,在...中间amountn.数量,总额v.(to)合计,总共达,等于amusev.逗...笑,给...以娱乐(消遣)analysisn.分析,分解analyze/analysev.分析,分解ancestorn.祖宗,祖先anchorn.锚v.抛锚,停泊ancienta.古代的,古老的andconj.和,与,而且;那么;接连,又angeln.天使angern.(愤)怒,气愤v.使发怒,激怒anglen.角;角度,方面,观点angrya.愤怒的;生气的;(风雨等)狂暴的animaln.动物,野兽,牲畜a.动物的,野兽的anklen.踝announcev.宣布,发表,通行;报告...的来到annoyv.使恼怒,使生气,打搅annuala.每年的,年度的n.年刊,年鉴anothera.另一,再一;别的,不同的pron.另一个,类似的一个one after another一个接一个one another互相answerv.回答,答复,响应;(for)负责,保证;(to)符合,适合n.回答,答复,答案antarctica.南极(区)的n.[the Antarctic]南极洲,南极(圈)antennan.天线anxietyn.挂念,焦虑,焦急,忧虑;渴望,热望anxiousa.(about)忧虑的,担心的,焦急的;渴望的anya.[否定,疑问,条件句中]什么,一些;任何的,任一的pron.无论哪个,无论哪些;一个,一些ad.稍,丝毫anybodypron.任何人,无论谁;重要人物anyhowad.不管怎样,无论如何;不论用何种办法anyone=anybodypron.任何人,无论谁anythingpron.无论什么事(物),一切;什么事(物),任何事(物)anything but除...以外任何事(物),根本不anyway=anyhowad.无论如何anywheread.在什么地方,无论哪里apartad.撇开;分开,分离;相距,相隔apart from除去apologyn.道歉,歉意,认错apparatusn.器械,设备,仪器,装置apparenta.(to)明显的,显而易见的;表面的,貌似的appealv.(to)呼吁,要求;对...有吸引力;申述,上诉n.(to)呼吁,要求;吸引力;申诉,上诉appearv.出现,显露;出场,问世;来到;好像是,仿佛appearancen.出现,出场,露面;外表,外貌,外观appetiten.食欲,胃口;欲望,爱好,要求applen.苹果(树)appliancen.用具,器具appliantn.申请者applicationn.请求,申请(书,表);应用,运用;施用,敷用applyv.(for)申请,请求;(to)适用,应用,运用appointv.任命,委任;约定,指定appointmentn.任命,委任;约定,指定appreciatev.感谢,感激;正确评价,欣赏,赏识approachv.靠近,接近,邻近n.方法,途径;探讨appropriatea.(to)适当的,恰如其分的approvaln.赞成,同意;认可,批准approvev.(of)赞成,满意,同意;批准,审定,通过approximatelyad.近似地,大约Apriln.四月Arabn.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯的Arabiann.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯(人)的archaeologyn.考古学architecturen.建筑(式样,风格);建筑学arctica.北极(区)的n.[the Arctic]北极,北极圈arean.面积;地区,区域;范围,领域arguev.争论,辩论;主张,论证;说服argumentn.争论,辨认;论据,论点arisev.出现,发生;(from)由…引起,由...产生arithmeticn.算术armn.(手)臂,臂状物;扶手,衣袖;[pl.][总称]武器,武装v.武装,装备armyn.军(队),陆军;大群aroundad.各处,到处;周围,在附近;大约prep.在...周围,在...附近,在...各地arousev.唤醒,唤起;激起,引起arrangev.整理,排列,布置;安排,筹备arrangementn.安排，准备工作；整理，布置arrestv./n.逮捕,拘留arrivaln.到来,到达;到达的人或物arrivev.到达,来到arrive at达到,得出arrown.箭;箭头(符号),箭状物artn.艺术,美术;技术,技艺;[pl.]文科,人文学科articlen.文章,论文;物品,商品;项目,条款;冠词artificiala.人工的,人造的;人为的,娇揉造作的artistn.艺术家,美术家artistica.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的asad.一样,同样conj.像...一样;由于;正当;以致;虽然,尽管prep.作为,如同ashn.灰(烬)ashameda.(of)羞耻,惭愧,害臊Asian.亚洲Asiana.亚洲(人)的n.亚洲人asidead.在旁边,到旁边aside from除...以外askv.(询)问;请求,要求;(邀)请,约请asleepa.睡着的aspectn.样子,外表,面貌;(问题等的)方面assemblev.集合,集会,会议;装配assemblyn.集合,集会,会议;装配assessv.估价,评价assetn. （pl.）资产，财产；有用的资源，宝贵的人/物；优点，益处assignv.分配,委派;指定(时间,地点等)assignmentn.分配,委派;任务,(课外)作业assistv.帮助,援助,协助assistantn.助手,助教a.辅助的,助理的associatev.(with)使联系,使联合;交往,结合n.合作人,伙伴,同事,同行a.副的associationn.协会,团体;联合,联系,交往;联想assumev.假装;假定,设想;采取,承担;呈现assurev.使确信,使放心;保证,担保astonishv.使惊讶,使吃惊astronautn.宇航员astronomyn.天文学atprep.[表示地点,位置,场合]在,于,到...处;[表示时刻,时节,年龄]在...时,当;[表示目标,方向]对着,向;[表示速度,价格等]以,在...方面athleten.运动员Atlantica.大西洋的n.[the Atlantic]大西洋atmospheren.大气(层);空气;气氛,环境;大气压(压力单位)atomn.原子;微粒,微量atomica.原子的，原子能的attachv.(to)缚上,系上,贴上;使依附,使隶属,使依恋attached to附属于,隶属于attackv./n.攻击,进攻,抨击;着手,开始n.(病)发作attemptv.尝试,试图n.(at)企图,努力attendv.出席,参加;(to)照顾,护理attentionn.注意(力),留心;立正pay attentin to注意attituden.(to,towards)态度,看法;姿势attorneyn.律师attractv.吸引,招引,引诱,引起(注意等) attractionn.吸引,吸引力attractivea.有吸引力的,引起兴趣的,动人的attributen.属性,品质,特征v.(to)把…归于;认为...是...所为auctionn.拍卖vt.拍卖audiencen.听众,观众,读者;谒见,会见audion./a.声音（的），听觉(的)；音频（的），音响（的）Augustn.八月auntn.伯母,婶母,姑母,舅母,姨母Australian.澳大利亚,澳洲Australiana.澳洲的;澳大利亚(人)的n.澳大利亚人authorn.作者;创始人authorityn.权力,威信,权威;权威者,有权威性的典籍;[pl.]当局,官方auton.汽车automaticn.自动机构a.自动的,无意识的,机械的automobilen.汽车autumn n.秋(季)auxiliarya.辅助的,补助的availablea.可用的,可得到的;可以见到的,随时可来的avenuen.林荫道,大街;途径,手段averagen.平均(数)a.平均的;通常的,一般的avoidv.避免,回避,逃避awakea.醒着的,警觉的v.唤醒,唤起;醒,觉醒,醒悟到,认识到awardn.奖(品)v.授予,奖给awarea.(of)知道的,意识到的awayad.离开,远离;…去,...掉;不断...下去right away立即,马上awfula.极度的,极坏的,糟糕的;威严的,可怕的ad.十分,极度地awkwarda.笨拙的,不灵活的;棘手的,尴尬的;使用不便的ax/axen.斧(子)axisn.轴(线);构图中心线Bbabyn.婴儿,孩子bachelorn.单身汉;[亦作B-]学士(学位)backn.背(面),后面a.后面的ad.在后,向后;回,回复;以前v.后退;支持backgroundn.背景,经历backwarda.向后的,倒行的,落后的;迟钝的ad.(also backwards)向后,朝反方向bacterium([pl.]bacteria)n.细菌bagn.袋,包baggagen.行李balancev.称,(使)平衡n.天平,称;平衡,均衡;差额,结余,余款balln.球,球状物;舞会balloonn.气球bananan.香蕉bandn.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙v.缚,绑扎bankn.岸,堤;银行,库v.存入银行bankern. 银行家bankrupta.破产的barn.条,杆,棒,棍,闩;酒吧,餐柜;栅,栏,障碍(物)v.闩上,阻拦,拦住,妨碍barbern.理发师barea.赤裸的,光秃的,空的;稀少的,仅有的v.露出,暴露bargainn.廉价货;交易,契约,合同v.议价,成交barkv.吠叫,咆哮n.吠声,狗叫声barreln.桶;枪管,炮管barriern.栅栏,屏障;障碍(物)basen.基础,底部;基地,根据地v.(on)把...基于,以...为根据baseballn.棒球basementn.建筑物的底部,地下室,地窖basica.基本的,基础的Basicallyad.基本地，根本地basinn.盆,脸盆;内海,盆地basisn.基础,根据on the basis of根据,在...的基础上basketn.篮(子),篓basketballn.篮球bathn.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆)v.(给...)洗澡batteryn.电池(组);炮兵连,炮组battlen.战役,战斗;斗争v.战斗,斗争,搏斗bev.(就)是,等于;(存)在;到达,来到,发生beachn.海滩,湖滩,河滩beamn.(横)梁,桁条;(光线的)束,柱v.微笑;发光beann.豆;菜豆,蚕豆bearn.熊v.忍受,容忍;负担,负荷;结果实,生子女beardn.胡须beastn.兽,牲畜;凶残的人,举止粗鲁的人beatn.敲打,敲击声,节拍;(心脏等)跳动,搏动v.打,敲;打败,战胜;(心脏等)跳动,搏动beautifula.美(好)的beautyn.美(丽);美人,美丽的东西becauseconj.因为becomev.成为,变得;适宜,同...相称bedn.床(位);苗床,圃,花坛;河床,矿床,海底been.(蜜)蜂beefn.牛肉beern.啤酒beforeprep.在…以前;在...前面,当着...的面conj.在...之前ad.前面,从前,早些时候begv.乞求,乞讨;请求,恳求beggarn.乞丐，穷人beginv.开始beginningn.开始,开端behalfn.利益on behalf of代表,为了behavev.举止,举动,表现;运转,开动behavior/behaviourn.行为,举止;(机器的)特性behindprep.在…后面,落后于ad.在后,向后,落后beingn.生物,人;存在,生存beliefn.信仰,信条;相信,信念believev.(in)相信,信仰;认为belln.钟,铃belongv.(to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别,范畴等)beloveda./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人belowprep.在...下面,在...以下ad.在下面,向下beltn.(皮)带,腰带;地带benchn.长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座bendv.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服n.弯曲(处),曲折处beneathprep.在…下边,在...之下ad.在下方beneficiala.(to)有利的,有益的benefitn.利益,好处,恩惠v.有益于;(from,by)受益benta.弯曲的besideprep.在…旁边,在...附近;与...相比besidesprep.除...之外ad.而且,还有besta.最好的ad.最,最好(地)betv.赌,打赌n.打赌,赌注bettera.较好的,更好的ad.更好(地)v.改良,改善n.较佳者,较优者betweenprep.在(两者)之间ad.当中,中间beyondprep.在(或向)...的那边,远于;迟于;超出ad.在那边,在远处Biblen.圣经bicyclen.自行车bidv.祝愿;命令,吩咐;报价,投标n.出众,投标biga.大的,巨大的;重大的,重要的biken.自行车billn.账单;招贴,广告;单子,清单,(人员,职称等的)表;钞票billionnum./n.[美]十亿,[英]万亿bindv.捆,绑,包括,束缚biographyn.传记biologyn.生物学birdn.鸟,禽birthn.出生,分娩;出身,血统birthdayn. 生日biscuitn.饼干,点心bitn.一点,一片,一些bitev./n.咬,叮n.一口bittera.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的blacka.黑(色)的,黑暗的n.黑人,黑色blackboardn.黑板bladen. 刀刃，刀片；叶片；翼blamev.责备;怪,怨,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备blanka.空白的,空着的;失色的,无表情的n.空白;表格blanketn.毛毯,毯子blastn.一阵(风),一股(气流);爆炸冲击波;管乐器或汽笛声v.爆炸,爆破bleedv.出血,流血blinda.瞎的;盲目的v.使失明;蒙蔽n.百叶窗blockn.大块木料(或石料,金属);一排房屋,街区;阻塞v.阻塞,拦阻,封锁bloodn.血(液);血统,宗族,门第;血气,气质bloomn.花(朵);开花(期)v.开花blowv.吹(气),充气,打气;吹响(乐器,号角等),吹风;爆炸,爆裂n.打,殴打,一击,打击bluea.(天)蓝色的,青的;伤心的,沮丧的,忧郁的n.蓝色boardn.板,木板,纸板;全体委员,委员会,部门;伙食;船舷v.上船(车,飞机)on board在船(车,飞机)上boastv.(of,about)自夸,夸耀n.自夸,大话boatn.小船,艇bodyn.身体,躯体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆boilv.(使)沸腾,煮(沸)bolda.大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;黑体的,粗体的boltn.螺栓,(门,窗的)插销v.闩(门),关窗,拴住bombn.炸弹v.投弹于,轰炸bondn.结合(物),粘结(剂),联结;公债,债券,契约bonen.骨(骼)bookn.书(籍);卷,篇,册v.预定,订(票,房间等)boomv.迅速发展,兴旺;发出隆隆声bootn.(长统)靴boothn.电话亭,货摊bordern.边界,国界;边(沿)v.交界,与...接壤;接近borev.钻(孔),挖(洞),打眼,钻探;烦扰,使厌烦n.讨厌的人,麻烦事boringa.令人厌烦的n. 钻孔borna. 出生的；天生的，生来的n.(心)胸borrowvt. 借，借用bossn.工头,老板,上司v.指挥,支配,发号施令bothpron.二者,双方a.两,双both...and既...又...,两个都botherv.打扰,烦扰;烦恼,操心n.麻烦bottlen.瓶(子)v.装瓶bottomn.底(部);基础,根基;海底,湖底,河床boundv./n.跳(跃)a.被束缚的,理应...的,必定的,一定的;准备(或正在)到...去的,开往...的boundaryn.分界线,边界bowv./n.鞠躬,点头n.弓(形);蝴蝶结bowln.碗(状物),钵boxn.箱(子),盒(子);包厢v.拳击,打耳光boxingn. 拳击boyn.男孩;男服务员,男仆brainn.(大)脑,骨髓;[pl.]脑力,智能brakev./n.制动(器),闸,刹车branchn.(树)条,分支;分部,分店;(学科)分科,部门;支流,支脉,支线brandn.商标,标记,牌子v.使铭记;打火印,打烙印bravea.勇敢的breadn.面包breadthn.宽度,幅breakv.打破,折断,破碎;使中止,打断;破坏,违反n.打断,中止;休息时间breakdownn.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌breakfastn.早饭,早餐v.吃早饭breastn.胸膛,乳房breathn.呼吸,气息breathev.呼吸,吸入breedv.(使)繁殖,生殖;产生,引起;教养,抚养,饲养n.品种,种类breezen.微风,和风brickn.砖(状物)briden.新娘bridgen.桥(梁)v.架桥,建桥briefa.简短的,简洁的v.简短介绍,简要汇报brighta.明亮的,辉煌的;聪明的,伶俐的;欢快的,美好的brillianta.光辉的,灿烂的;卓越的,有才华的bringv.带来,拿来;引起,导致Britisha.不列颠的;英国(人)的brittlea.易碎的,脆(弱)的broada.宽的,广阔的;广大的,广泛的;宽宏的,豁达的bronzen.青铜(色),青铜制品brothern.兄弟;同胞;教友brown.眉(毛);额browsev./n.浏览brownn./a.褐色(的),棕色(的)brushn.刷(子),毛刷;画笔v.刷,擦,掸,拂;擦过,掠过bubblen.泡,水泡,气泡v.冒泡,起泡,沸腾bucketn.水桶,吊桶budgetn.预算v.做预算buildv.造,建筑,建设,建立build up积累,堵塞;树立,逐步建立;增进,锻炼buildingn.建筑(物),房屋,大楼bulkn.体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块in bulk散装;大批,大量bulletn.子弹,枪弹bunchn.(一)簇,束,捆,串bundlen.捆,包,束burdenn.担子,负担,重担bureaun.署,局,司,处burnv.燃烧,烧毁,烧伤n.烧伤,灼伤burn out烧掉burstv.爆裂,炸破;突然发生,突然发作n.突然破裂,爆发buryv.埋(葬),安葬;埋藏,遮盖busn.公共汽车trolley bus无轨电车bushn.灌木(从)businessn.商业,生意;事务,业务,职责on business因公,因事busya.忙的,繁忙的;(with)忙于...的v.使忙于butconj.可是,但是,而;除...外prep.除...外ad.只,仅仅,不过but for除...以外,倘没有,除非butchern.屠夫,卖肉者buttern.黄油,奶油v.涂黄油于...上butterflyn.蝴蝶buttonn.纽扣,按钮(开关)v.扣紧;扣上纽扣buyv.(购)买n.购买,买卖byprep.在...旁,靠近;被,由;经,沿,通过;不迟于,到...时为止;根据,按照;[表示方法,手段]靠,用,通过ad.在近旁,经过byeint. 再见CCabn.出租车cabbagen.洋白菜,卷心菜cabinn.客舱,机舱;小(木)屋cabinetn.橱柜;内阁cablen.电报;电缆;缆,索,钢丝绳v.拍电报cagen.鸟笼caken.饼,(蛋)糕calciumn. 钙calculatevt. 计算，推算；估计，推测；计划，打算calculatorn. 计算器calendarn.日历,月历calln.叫喊,呼声;(电话)通话v.叫(喊),招呼;把...叫做,称...为;(on,at)访问,拜访;打电话calma.(天气,海洋等)静的,平静的;镇静的,沉着的n.平静,风平浪静v.(使)平静;(使)镇定cameln.骆驼cameran.照相机,摄影机campn.野营,营地;帐篷,阵营v.设营,宿营campaignn.战役;运动campusn.(大学)校园canaux.v.能,会;可以;可能n.罐头v.装罐头Canadiana.加拿大的n.加拿大人canaln.运河;(沟)渠cancelv.取消,把...作废;删去,划掉cancern.癌candidaten.候选人,候补者;报考者candlen.蜡烛candyn.糖果n.帆布;油画布,油画capn.便帽,军帽;盖,罩,套v.覆盖于...顶端capabilityn. 能力，才能；性能，容量capablea.有本领的,有能力的;(of)可以...的,能...的capacityn.容量,容积;能量,能力;接受力capitaln.首都,首府;大写字母;资本,资金a.首位的,最重要的,基本的captainn.首领,队长;船长;上尉v.做...的首领,指挥capturev./n.捕获,俘虏v.夺得,攻占carn.车(辆),汽车;(火车)车厢carbonn.碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳cardn.卡片,名片;纸牌;纸片ID card身份证credit card信用卡caren.小心,谨慎,注意;关怀,操心,照料v.(about)关心,介意,计较careern.生涯,经历;专业,职业carefula.小心的,仔细的;细致的,精心的cargon.船货,货物carpetn.地毯carriagen.(四轮)马车;(火车)客车厢carriern.搬运人;载体carrotn.胡罗卜carryv.运送,搬运;传送,传播;领,带cartoonn.漫画,幽默画;动画片casen.箱,盒,容器;情况,事实;病例;案件in any case无论如何,总之in case假如,以防(万一),免得in case of假使,万一in no case决不cashn.现金,现款v.兑现,付(或收)现款castv.投,扔,掷,抛;铸造n.演员表castlen.城堡casuala.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的,非正式的catn.猫catalog/cataloguen.目录(册)v.编目(录)catchv.捕捉,捕获;赶上;感染;理解,听到categoryn.种类,类目catchvt.捕，捉；赶上；感染，染上病；听清楚cattlen.牛;牲口,家畜causen.原因,理由;事业,事件,奋斗目标v.使产生,引起caven.洞,穴ceilingn.天花板celebratev.庆祝celln.细胞;小房间;蜂房;电池Celsiusa.摄氏的cementn.水泥;胶泥,胶接剂v.胶合;巩固,加强centn.分(币);百per cent百分之center/centren.中心(区),中央v.集中centigraden./a.摄氏温度计(的);百分度(的) centimetre/centimetren.厘米centrala.中心的,中央的,中枢的;主要的centuryn.世纪,(一)百年ceremonyn.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪certaina.某,某一,某些;(of)一定的,确信的,可靠的certificaten.证(明)书,执照chainn.链(条);[pl.]镣铐;一连串,一系列,连锁v.用链条拴住chairn.椅子;主席(职位)chairmann.主席,议长,会长,董事长challengen.挑战(书);艰巨任务,难题v.向...挑战chambern.房间,室championn.冠军,得胜者;拥护者,斗士chancen.机会;可能性,或然性;偶然性,运气v.碰巧,偶然发生changen.改变,变化;零钱,找头v.更换,调换,交换,互换;改变,变化channeln.海峡,水道;信道,波道;路线,途径chaptern.章(节),回charactern.性格,品质,特性,特征;人物,角色;字符,(汉)字characteristica.(of)特有的,独特的n.特征,特性characterize/characterisev.表示...的特性;描述...特性chargev.索(价),要(人)支付,收费;控告,指控;充电n.[pl.]费用,代价;电荷,负荷in charge (of)负责,主管take charge of担任,负责chartn.图,图表chasev./n.追逐,追求chatv./n.闲谈,聊天cheapa.便宜的;低劣的,不值钱的cheatv.欺骗;作弊n.骗子;欺诈,欺骗行为checkv.检查,核对;制止,控制;(凭票)托运或寄存n.(=cheque)检查,核对;方格图案,格子织物check/chequen.支票cheekn.面颊,脸cheerv.(使)振奋,(使)高兴v./n.喝彩,欢呼cheerfula.愉快的,高兴的cheesen.干酪,乳酪chemicala.化学的n.[pl.]化学制品,化学药品chemistn.化学家;药剂师chemistryn.化学cheque/checkn.支票,空白支票;总收入chessn.棋chestn.胸腔,胸膛;箱,柜chewv.咀嚼;思量chickenn.小鸡,小鸟;鸡(肉)chiefa.主要的,首要的n.首领,领袖child([pl.]children)n.小孩,儿童,儿女childhoodn.幼年,童年chilln.寒冷,寒气,寒战v.使寒冷chillya.寒冷的chimneyn.烟囱chinn.下巴,颏chinan.瓷器Chinan.中国Chinesen.中国人;中国话;中文,汉语a.中国(人)的,中国话的,汉语的chipn.切屑,碎片;(土豆等的)薄片;集成电路块chocolaten.巧克力(糖),赭色choicen.选择(机会),抉择;供选择的种类,选择项;入选者,精华a.精选的,上等的,优等的choosev.选择,挑选;甘愿chopv.砍,劈,斩n.排骨,肉块Christiann.基督教徒a.基督教徒的Christmasn.圣诞节churchn.教堂;[C-]教会cigarette/cigaretn.香烟,纸烟,卷烟cineman.电影院;电影,影片circlen.圆,圆周;圈子,集团;周期,循环v.环绕,旋转circuitn.环行,周线,巡回;电路,线路circulara.圆(形)的,环形的;循环的n.传单,通报circulatev.(使)循环,(使)流通circumstancen.[pl.]情况,形势,环境;经济情形,境况citizenn.公民;市民,居民cityn.城市,都市civila.公民的,市民的;国内的,民间的;民用的;有礼貌的,文明的;文职的civilization/civilisationn.文明,文化civilize/civilisev.使文明,开化claimv.要求;声称,主张;索赔n.要求;主张,断言;索赔;权利,要求权,所有权clarifyv.澄清,阐明clarityn.清晰,明晰classn.班级,年级;(一节)课;阶级,阶层;等级,类别v.把...分类(或分等)classicn.[pl.]杰作,名著a.第一流的,不朽的,古典的classicala.经典的,古典(文学)的classificationn.分类,分级classifyv.分类,分等(级)classmaten.同班同学classroomn.教室,课堂clausen.(正式文件或法律文件的)条款;从句,分句clawn.爪,脚爪clayn.粘土,泥土cleana.清洁的,干净的;洁白的v.打扫,使干净cleara.清晰的,明白的;清朗的;清澈的,明亮的;畅通的,无阻的ad.清楚地,清晰地,明白地v.澄清,清除,扫清;使清澈,使清楚变晴clerkn.职员,办事员;店员clevera.聪明的,伶俐的,机敏的,精巧的Clickn. 一击clientn.顾客;(诉讼)委托人cliffn.悬崖;峭壁climaten.气候;风气,社会思潮climbv./n.攀登,爬clingv.(to)粘住;依附;坚持clinicn.诊所clinical a. 门诊的，临床的clockn.钟clonen.克隆v.克隆coden.代码，代号，密码，编码closev.关,闭;结束,了结n.结束,了结a.(to)近的,接近的;关闭着的;秘密的,不公开的;严密的,紧密的ad.接近地,紧密地clothn.(一块)布,织物,衣料clothev.(给…)穿衣,供给...衣服clothesn.衣服clothingn.服装,被褥cloudn.云(状物);遮暗物,阴影;一大群cloudya.多云的,阴(天)的;混浊的,模糊的clubn.俱乐部,夜总会;社团;棍棒,球棒cluen.线索,暗示coachn.(铁路)客车,长途汽车,大客车;辅导员,教练,私人教师v.教练,辅导,指导coaln.煤,煤块coarsea.粗糙的,粗劣的;粗鲁的,粗俗的coastn.海岸,海滨coatn.外套,上衣;皮毛,表皮,涂层v.涂上,盖上,包上cockn.公鸡,雄鸡;龙头,开关coden.代码,代号,密码;法典,法规,规划coffeen.咖啡(色)coilv.卷,盘绕n.(一)卷,(一)圈;线圈,绕组coinn.硬币,货币v.铸造(硬币),创造(新词)colda.寒冷的;冷淡的n.感冒;寒冷collapsev./n.倒坍,崩溃,垮台collarn.衣领;环状物colleaguen.同事,同僚collectv.收集,搜集;领取,接走;收(税等);聚集,堆积collectionn.收藏(品),收集(物)collectiven.集体a.集体的,共同的collegen.学院,高等专科学校,大学collidev.碰撞,冲突;(with)抵触collisionn.碰撞,冲突colonyn.殖民地color/colourn.颜色,彩色;颜料;肤色v.给...着色,染colorfula. 多彩；丰富多彩的columnn.圆柱,柱状物;列;(报刊中的)专栏combinationn.结合,联合,合并;化合(物)combinev.(with)(使)结合,联合;(使)化合comev.来,来到;出现于,产生;是,成为;开始,终于come off实现,成功,奏效come on请,来吧,跟着来,快点;开始,来临;进展,发展;出场,上演come out出版,刊出;出现,显露,长出;结果是,结局是;被解出come round/around来访,前来;苏醒,复原come through经历,脱险come to总计,达到;苏醒,复原come true实现,达到come up走近,上来;发生,被提出come up to达到,符合come up with提出,提供comfortn.舒适,安逸;安慰,慰问v.安慰,使舒适comfortablea.舒适的,自在的commandn.命令,指令;统帅,指挥(权);掌握,运用能力v.命令;指挥,统帅commandern.司令官，指挥官commentn.注释,评论,意见v.(on)注释,评论commercen.商业,贸易commerciala.商业的,商务的,贸易的commissionn.委员会;委任,委托(书),代办;佣金,手续费commitv.把...交托给,提交;犯(错误),干(坏事)committeen.委员会,全体委员commodityn.商品,物品commona.普通的,平常的;(to)共同的,公共的in common共用,共有,共同communicatev.传达,传送;交流;通讯,通话communicationn.通讯,传达,传送,交流;[pl.]通讯系统;[pl.]交通(工具)communismn.共产主义communista.共产主义的communityn.同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区;共同体companionn.同伴,共事者;伴侣companyn.公司,商号;陪伴,同伴;宾客,客人;连(队),(一)群,(一)队,(一)伙keep company with与...交往,与...结伴comparablea.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的comparativea.比较的,相当的comparev.(with,to)比较,相比,对比;比作compare...to把...比作comparisonn.比较,对比,比喻,比拟by comparison比较起来compelv.强迫,迫使compensatev.(for)补偿,赔偿competev.比赛;竞争competenta.有能力的,胜任的competitionn.比赛;竞争competitorn.竞争者,敌手complainv.(about,of)抱怨;申诉complaintn.抱怨,诉苦;申诉;疾病completea.完全的,圆满的v.完成,结束,使完满complexa.复杂的;合成的,综合的n.联合体complicateda.错综复杂的,麻烦的,难解的complicationn.复杂,纠纷;并发症componentn.组成部分,成分,元件,部件a.组成的,合成的composev.组成,构成;(of)由...组成;创作(作曲,诗歌等)composern.作曲家;创作者compositionn.作品,作文,乐曲;写作,作曲;结构,组成,成分compoundn.混合物,化合物a.混合的,化合的,复合的comprehensiona.理解(力),领悟computern.计算机,电脑;计算者concealv.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽concentratev.(on)集中,专心;浓缩n.浓缩物concentrationn.专注，专心；集中；浓度conceptn.概念,观念,思想concernv.涉及,关系到v./n.关心,挂念n.(利害)关系as/so far as...be concerned就...来说be concened with关心,挂念,从事于concertn.音乐会,演奏会;一齐,一致concludev.结束,终止;断定,下结论;缔结,议定conclusionn.结束,终结;结论,推论in conclusion最后,总之concretea.具体的,有形的,实质性的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑,浇混凝土condemnv.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪conditionn.状况,状态;[pl.]环境,形势,条件on condition that在...条件下conditionern.调节装置，空调conductn.行为,举动,品行v.引导,带领;处理,管理;指挥(乐队);传导,传(热,电等)conductionn.传导conductorn.领队,(乐队)指挥;(电车等的)售票员,列车员;导体,导线conferencen.会议,讨论会confidencen.(in)信任;信心,自信;秘密,机密confidentn.(of,in)确信的,自信的confirmv.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认,批准conflictn.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突v.(with)抵触,冲突confusev.使混乱,混淆confusionn.混乱,混淆congratulatev.(on)祝贺,向...致贺词congratulationn.(on)祝贺,[pl.]祝贺词congressn.(代表)大会;[Congress](美国等国的)国会,议会connectv.(with)连接,连结connection/connexionn.联系,连接conquerv.征服,战胜,占领;克服,破除(坏习惯等)consciencen.良心,良知consciousa.(of)意识到的,自觉的;有意识的,神志清醒的conservevt..保存,保护,节约;守恒,不灭considerv.认为,把...看作;考虑,细想;体谅,照顾considerablea.相当大(或多)的,可观的;值得考虑的consideratea.考虑周到的,体谅的considerationn.需要考虑的事,理由;考虑,思考;体谅,照顾consistv.(in)在于,存在于;(of)由…组成,由...构成consequentadj.作为结果的，随之发生的constanta.经常的,不断的;坚定的,永恒的,忠实的n.常数,恒量n.成分,要素constructv.建设,建造,构造;创立consultv.与...商量,请教;查阅;(with)商量,商议。
mpa联考英语大纲词汇
MPA联考英语大纲词汇a [e,ei,4]art.一，一个，(同类事物中的)任何一个，每一(个)an [4n,1n]art.一，一个，(同类事物中的)任何一个，每一(个)abandon [4'b1nd4n]v.放弃，抛弃abide [4'baid]v.遵守，坚持ability [4'biliti]n.能力，智能，才能able ['eib4l]a.能够的，有能力的，能干的abnormal [1b'n3:m4l]a.反常的，不正常的aboard [4'b3:d]ad./prep.在船(飞机，车)上abolish [4'b3li5]v.废除，废止，取消abortion [4'b3:54n]n.流产，早产，堕胎；(计划等的)失败abound [4'baund]v.丰富，盛产，富足about [4'baut]ad.在四周，到处，在周围；大约 prep.关于，对于，在...周围，在...附近above [4'b8v]prep.在...上面；上述的 a./ad.在上面abroad [4'br3:d]ad.在国外，在海外；到处absence ['1bs4ns]n.缺席，不在场absent ['1bs4nt,4b'sent]a.缺席的；漫不经心的，心不在焉absolute ['1bs4lu:t]a.绝对的，完全的；专制的absorb [4b's3:b]v.吸收；吸引，使专心abstract ['1bstr1kt]a.抽象的，难解的 n.摘要，概要，文摘absurd [4b's4:d]a.荒谬的，荒唐的abundant [4'b8nd4nt]a.大量的，丰富的，充裕的abuse [4'bju:z]v.滥用；虐待，辱骂academic [`1k4'demik]a.学院的，学术的accelerate [4k'sel4reit]v.使加速，促进accent ['1ks4nt,1k'sent]n.重音，口音accept [4k'sept]v.接受，认可，赞同acceptable [4k'sept4b4l]a.可接受的，合意的，受到欢迎的acceptance [4k'sept4ns]n.接受，认可，赞同access ['1kses]n.享用；机会；接近，进入；通道accident ['1ksid4nt]n.事故，意外事情accidental [`1ksi'dentl]a.偶然的；意外的accommodate [4'k3m4deit]v.容纳，接纳；提供住宿；使适应accompany [4'k8mp4ni]v.陪伴，伴随；为...伴奏accomplish [4'k8mpli5]v.达到(目的)，完成according [4'k3:di6]a.相符的，按照，依据account [4'kaunt]n.描述，解释；账，账目v.报账；说明，解释accumulate [4'kju:mjuleit]v.积累，积聚accurate ['1kjur4t]a.准确的，精确的accuse [4'kju:z]v.谴责，指控，控告accustom [4'k8st4m]v.使习惯ache [eik]n.疼痛，酸痛achieve [4't5i:v]v.完成，实现，达到，得到acid ['1sid]a.酸acknowledge [4k'n3lid9]v.承认；致谢acquaintance [4'kweint4ns]n.熟人，相识，了解acquire [4'kwai4]v.获得，取得acre ['eik4]n.英亩across [4'kr3s]ad./prep.横越，穿过act [1kt]n.行为，动作；幕；法令 v.行动，做，起作用；表演action ['1k54n]n.行动，动作；作用；战斗；诉讼active ['1ktiv]a.活动的，活泼的，积极的activity [1k'tiviti]n.活动actor ['1kt4]n.男演员actress ['1ktris]n.女演员actual ['1kt5u4l]a.实际的，现实的acute [4'kju:t]a.尖锐的，剧烈的，严重的A.D. ['ei'di:]n.公元ad [1d](=advertisement)n.广告，登广告adapt [4'd1pt]v.使适应add [1d]v.加，增加，增进addition [4'di54n]n.加法，增加address [4'dres]n.地址；演说；称呼 v.(致函)写地址；对...讲话adequate ['1d4kw4t]a.足够的；恰当的adhere [4d'hi4]v.坚持；追随adjective ['1d9iktiv]n./a.形容词，形容词的adjust [4'd98st]v.调节，调整administer [4d'minist4]v.管理，支配；经营administration [4d`minis'trei54n]n.管理，经营；行政，行政机关admire [4d'mai4]v.羡慕，钦佩admission [4d'mi54n]n.接纳，允许进入；承认admit [4d'mit]v.让...进入，招收，承认adult ['1d8lt]n.成年人advance [4d'v2:ns]v.推进，向前进；提出 n.前进，进展；提升advanced [4d'v2:nst]a.前进的，先进的advantage [4d'v2:ntid9]n.有利条件，优点；利益，好处adventure [4d'vent54]n.冒险，惊险活动adverb ['1dv4:b]n.副词advice [4d'vais]n.忠告，意见advise [4d'vaiz]v.劝告，忠告affair [4'fe4]n.事件，事情，(pl.)事务affect [4'fekt]v.影响，感动affection [4'fek54n]n.爱，情感afford [4'f3:d]v.负担得起，买得起；供给afraid [4'freid]a.害怕的，担心的，恐怕Africa ['1frik4]n.非洲African ['1frik4n]a.非洲的，非洲人的after ['2:ft4]prep./conj./ad.在...后afternoon [`2:ft4'nu:n]n.下午afterward ['2:ft4w4d]ad.以后，后来again [4'gein]ad.再，重新against [4'genst]prep.对，反对，违反；靠age [eid9]n.年龄；时代 v.变老agent ['eid94nt]n.代理人，代表；动因，作用物aggression [4'gre54n]n.侵略，侵略行为aggressive [4'gresiv]a.侵略的，爱寻衅的；有进取心的ago [4'g4u]ad.以前，前agree [4'gri:]v.同意，赞同，一致agreeable [4'gri:4b4l]a.惬意的，令人愉快的agreement [4'gri:m4nt]n.同意，一致，协定agriculture ['1grik8lt54]n.农业ahead [4'hed]ad.在前，前头aid [eid]v.援助，救援 n.援助，助手，救护；辅助物aim [eim]v.志在，旨在；针对，瞄准 n.目标air [e4]n.空气；外观，神态 v.使通气aircraft ['e4kr2:ft]n.飞机，飞行器airline ['e4lain]n.航线；航空公司airplane ['e4plein]n.飞机airport ['e4p3:t]n.机场，航空站alarm [4'l2:m]v.惊动，使惊恐 n.警报，惊慌alcohol ['1lk4h3l]n.酒精alert [4'l4:t]a.警觉的，警惕的alike [4'laik]a.相同的，相像的alive [4'laiv]a.活着的；活跃的，有生气的all [3:l]a.全部的 pron.全部，一切 ad.完全，都allege [4'led9]v.断言，宣称，主张；辩解alliance [4'lai4ns]n.联盟，同盟，联合；联姻allied ['1laid]a.联合的，同盟的，同盟国的；联姻的allow [4'lau]v.允许，承认almost ['3:lm4ust]ad.几乎，差不多alone [4'l4un]a./ad.独自，单独 ad.仅仅，只along [4'l36]ad.向前 prep.沿着aloud [4'laud]adv.出声地，大声地already [3:l'redi]ad.已经also ['3:ls4u]ad.也alter ['3:lt4]v.改变，变更alternate [3:l't4:nit,'3:lt4:neit] a.交替的，轮流的 v.交替，轮流although [3:l'04u]conj.即使，虽然altogether [`3:lt4'ge04]ad.完全，全部always ['3:lweiz]ad.永远，总是amateur ['1m4t4,`1m4't4:]a.业余的 n.业余爱好者amaze [4'meiz]v.使惊愕，使惊叹ambassador [1m'b1s4d4]n.大使，使节ambiguous [1m'bigju4s]a.模棱两可的ambition [1m'bi54n]n.雄心，野心ambitious [1m'bi54s]a.有雄心的，有野心的ambulance ['1mbjul4ns]n.救护车amendment [4'mendm4nt]n.改正，修正；修正案America [4'merik4]n.美洲，美国American [4'merik4n]a.美国的，美洲的 n.美国人amid [4'mid]prep.在...中among [4'm86]prep.在...中间amount [4'maunt]n.数量，数额，总数 v.合计amuse [4'mju:z]v.给...以娱乐，逗...笑，消遣analysis [4'n1l4sis]n.分析，解析analyze ['1n4laiz]v.分析，研究ancestor ['1ns4st4]n.祖宗，祖先ancient ['ein54nt]a.古代的，古老的and [4nd,1nd]conj.和，而且angel ['eind94l]n.天使anger ['16g4]n.愤怒，生气 v.使发怒，激怒angle ['16g4l]n.角，角度；观点angry ['16gri]a.愤怒的，生气的animal ['1nim4l]n.动物，牲畜anniversary [`1ni'v4:s4ri]n.周年纪念日，周年announce [4'nauns]v.宣告，宣布annoy [4'n3i]v.使恼怒，使生气annual ['1nju4l]a.每年的，年度的anonymous [4'n3nim4s]a.匿名的another [4'n804]a.另一 pron.另一个answer ['2:ns4]n.回答，答复，答案 v.回答，响应ant [1nt]n.蚂蚁anticipate [1n'tisipeit]v.预料，期望anxiety [16'zai4ti]n.担心，挂念；焦虑，渴望anxious ['16k54s]a.忧虑的，焦虑的，渴望的any ['eni]a. (否定，疑问，条件句中) 什么，一些；任何的，任一的 pron.无论哪个，无论哪些anybody ['eni`b3di,'enib4di](=anyone)pron.任何人，无论谁anyhow ['enihau]ad.无论如何，不管怎样anything ['eni7i6]pron.无论什么事物，任何事物anyway ['eniwei]ad.无论如何anywhere ['eniwe4]ad.无论何处apart [4'p2:t]ad.分离，隔开；相距apartment [4'p2:tm4nt]n.房间，(美)公寓apologize [4'p3l4d9aiz]v.道歉apology [4'p3l4d9i]n.道歉，歉意apparent [4'p1r4nt]a.显而易见的，表面的appeal [4'pi:l]v.呼吁，要求，申诉，上诉appear [4'pi4]v.出现，显露；好像是appetite ['1pitait]n.食欲，胃口；欲望applaud [4'pl3:d]v.喝彩，鼓掌；称赞，赞成apple ['1p4l]n.苹果；苹果树applicant ['1plik4nt]n.申请人application [`1pli'kei54n]n.申请，申请书；运用，实施apply [4'plai]v.申请；运用，实施，应用appoint [4'p3int]v.任命，委派；约定appraise [4'preiz]v.估价，评价，鉴定appreciate [4'pri:5ieit]v.感激，感谢；评价，欣赏，赏识approach [4'pr4ut5]v.接近，向...靠近 n.途径，方法appropriate [4'pr4upri`it,4'pr4uprieit] a.适当的，恰如其分的approve [4'pru:v]v.批准，赞同，同意approximate [4'pr3ksimit]a.近似的，大约的 v.接近April ['eipr4l]n.四月Arabian [4'reibj4n]a.阿拉伯(人)的 n.阿拉伯人architect ['2:kitekt]n.建筑师architecture ['2:kitekt54]n.建筑；建筑学area ['e4ri4]n.面积，地区，范围，领域argue ['2:gju:]v.辩论，争论，论证arise [4'raiz]v.出现，起来，由...引起，由...产生aristocracy [`1ris't3kr4si]n.贵族统治，寡头政治arm [2:m]n.手臂；武器，武装 v.武装，装备army ['2:mi]n.军队；大群around [4'raund]ad./prep.周围，到处，在附近arouse [4'rauz]v.唤醒，引起，唤起arrange [4'reind9]v.整理，布置，安排arrest [4'rest]v.逮捕，拘留arrive [4'raiv]v.到达，达成art [2:t]n.艺术，美术；技术；(pl.)文科article ['2:tik4l]n.文章；东西；冠词artificial [`2:ti'fi54l]a.人工的，人造的，人为的artist ['2:tist]n.艺术家；美术家as [4z]ad.一样，同样 conj.正当，由于；如...一样 prep.作为ash [15]n.灰，烟灰ashamed [4'5eimd]a.惭愧的，害臊的Asia ['ei54]n.亚洲Asian ['ei54n]a.亚洲的；亚洲人aside [4'said]ad.一旁，一边ask [2:sk]v.问，要求，请求asleep [4'sli:p]a.睡着的aspect ['1spekt]n.样子，外表；方面assemble [4'semb4l]v.集合，装配assembly [4'sembli]n.集会，会议，装配assess [4'ses]v.估价，评价assign [4'sain]v.分配；委派，指定assist [4'sist]v.帮助，援助assistant [4'sist4nt]n./a.助手，助教，辅助的associate [4's4u5ieit]v.使联系，使...联想，交往 n.合作人，伙伴，同事 a.副的association [4`s4usi'ei54n]n.协会，团体；联合，交往assume [4'sju:m]v.假定，设想；承担；采取，装出assumption [4's8mp54n]n.假定，设想assure [4'5u4]v.使确信，使放心，向...保证astonish [4'st3ni5]v.使惊讶astronaut ['1str4n3:t]n.宇航员at [1t]prep. (表地点，位置，场合)在，于；(表时刻，时节，年龄)在，当；(表目标，方向)向着；(表速度，价格)以，在...方面athlete ['17lit,'17li:t]n.运动员Atlantic [4t'l1ntik]a.大西洋的atmosphere ['1tm4sfi4]n.空气，大气层，气氛atom ['1t4m]n.原子，微粒，微量atomic [4't3mik]a.原子的attach [4't1t5]v.贴上，附上；依附，使隶属attack [4't1k]v./n.攻击，进攻，抨击，侵袭attain [4'tein]v.达到，获得attempt [4'tempt]v./n.企图，试图，尝试attend [4'tend]v.出席；照顾，护理；注意，专心于attendance [4'tend4ns]n.出席；出席人数attention [4'ten54n]n.注意；立正attitude ['1titju:d]n.态度，看法attract [4'tr1kt]v.吸引，招引attractive [4'tr1ktiv]a.有吸引力的，有魅力的audience ['3:di4ns]n.听众，观众August ['3:g4st]n.八月aunt [2:nt]n.婶母，姑母，伯母，姨母，舅母Australia [3'streili4]n.澳大利亚Australian [3'streili4n]a.澳大利亚的，澳洲的 n.澳大利亚人authentic [3:'7entik]a.可信的，权威的，有根据的author ['3:74]n.作者，创始人authoritarian [3:`73ri'te4ri4n]a.独裁主义的，权力主义的 n.独裁主义者，权力主义者authority [3:'73riti]n.权力，权威，威信；(pl.)当局，官方authorize ['3:74raiz]v.授权，委任，批准auto ['3:t4u](=automobile)n.汽车autocracy [3:'t3kr4si]n.独裁；专制制度automatic [`3:t4'm1tik]a.自动的；机械的autonomy [3:'t3n4mi]n.自治；自治权autumn ['3:t4m]n.秋available [4'veil4b4l]a.有用的，可得到的avenge [4'vend9]v.替...报仇avenue ['1v4nju:,'1vinju:]n.林荫道，大街average ['1v4rid9]n.平均，平均数 v.平均 a.平均的，通常的，一般的avoid [4'v3id]v.避免，回避，躲避await [4'weit]v.等待，期待awake [4'weik]a.醒着的，警觉的 v.唤醒，醒来，醒悟到award [4'w3:d]n.奖品 v.授予，奖给aware [4'we4]a.知道的，意识到的away [4'wei]ad.远离，离开awful ['3:ful]a.可怕的，令人敬畏的，威严的；极度的，极坏的awkward ['3:kw4d]a.粗笨的，笨拙的；为难的，尴尬的ax [1ks]n.斧子baby ['beibi]n.婴儿，孩子bachelor ['b1t54l4]n.单身汉；学士back [b1k]n.背；背后，后面 a.后面的 ad.向后background ['b1kgraund]n.背景，经历，背景情况backward ['b1kw4d]ad.向后 a.向后的；落后的bad [b1d]a.坏的，恶的，低劣的；严重的badly ['b1dli]ad.严重地，非常，厉害地bag [b1g]n.袋，提包，背包baggage ['b1gid9]n.行李balance ['b1l4ns]v.平衡，均衡 n.差额，结余；天平ball [b3:l]n.球，球状物；舞会ballet ['b1lei]n.芭蕾balloon [b4'lu:n]n.气球bamboo [`b1m'bu:]n.竹ban [b1n]n.禁止；禁令 v.禁止，取缔banana [b4'n2:n4]n.香蕉band [b1nd]n.条，带；乐队；一伙 v.缚，绑，扎bank [b16k]n.银行；岸，堤 v.存入银行bankrupt ['b16kr8pt]n.破产者 a.破产的 v.使破产bar [b2:]n.棍；棒；障碍；酒吧 v.闩上；阻挡，妨碍barber ['b2:b4]n.理发师bare [be4]a.赤裸的，光秃的；仅仅的，最起码的 v.露出，暴露bargain ['b2:gin]v.讨价还价 n.廉价货；契约，交易barrier ['b1ri4]n.障碍，屏障base [beis]n.基础，基地，根据地baseball ['beisb3:l]n.棒球basic ['beisik]a.基本的basin ['beis4n]n.盆，脸盆；盆地basis ['beisis]n.根据，基础basket ['b2:skit]n.篮子，篓basketball ['b2:skitb3:l]n.篮球bat [b1t]n.球拍；蝙蝠bath [b2:7]n.洗澡bathe [bei0]v.洗澡；浸，冲洗，沐浴battery ['b1t4ri]n.电(池)组battle ['b1tl]n.战斗，战役 v.战斗，斗争bay [bei]n.海湾，湾be [bi:]v.是，等于；存在，在beach [bi:t5]n.海滨，海滩bean [bi:n]n.豆，豆科植物bear [be4]n.熊 v.忍受，负担；结果实，生育beard [bi4d]n. (下巴上的) 胡子beast [bi:st]n.兽，牲畜；凶残的人beat [bi:t]v.打，打败；跳动beautiful ['bju:tiful]a.美的beauty ['bju:ti]n.美，美丽；美人because [bi'k3z]conj.因为become [bi'k8m]v.成为，变成；适合bed [bed]n.床，花圃；河床，海底；矿床bee [bi:]n.蜜蜂beef [bi:f]n.牛肉beer [bi4]n.啤酒before [bi'f3:]prep.在...之前，在...前面 ad.从前，早些时候beforehand [bi'f3:h1nd]ad.预先，事先beg [beg]v.乞讨；请求，恳求beggar ['beg4]n.乞丐begin [bi'gin]v.开始beginner [bi'gin4]n.初学者，新手beginning [bi'gini6]n.开端，开始behalf [bi'h2:f]n.利益behave [bi'heiv]v.表现，举止behavio(u)r [bi'heivi4]n.行为，举止behind [bi'haind]prep.在...后面，落后于 ad.在后，落后being ['bi:i6]n.生物；存在，生存belief [bi'li:f]n.相信，信仰，信念believe [bi'li:v]v.相信，信仰；认为bell [bel]n.钟，铃belong [bi'l36]v.属，附属below [bi'l4u]prep.在...下面，在...以下 ad.在下，下面belt [belt]n.带，腰带bench [bent5]n.长凳，工作台bend [bend]n.弯曲，曲折处beneath [bi'ni:7]prep.在...下方，在...之下 ad.在下方beneficial [`beni'fi54l]a.有益的benefit ['benifit]n.利益，效益 v.有利于，受益beside [bi'said]prep.在...旁边besides [bi'saidz]ad.而且，还有 prep.除...之外best [best]a.最好的 ad.最，最好bet [bet]v.赌，打赌 n.打赌，赌注betray [bi'trei]v.背叛，出卖；泄露，暴露better ['bet4]a.较好的 ad.更好 v.改善between [bi'twi:n]prep.在...中间，在...之间 ad.中间，当中beyond [bi'j3nd]prep.在...那边，在...以外 ad.在那边，在远处Bible ['baibl]n.圣经bicycle ['baisik(4)l](=bike) n.自行车big [big]a.大的，重要的bilateral [bai'l1t4r4l]a.两边的，双边的bill [bil]n.账单，单子；钞票billion ['bilj4n]n.10亿biography [bai'3gr4fi]n.个人经历，传记biology [bai'3l4d9i]n.生物学bipartisan [`baip2:ti'z1n]a.代表两党的bipolar [bai'p4ul4]a.两极的，双极的bird [b4:d]n.鸟birth [b4:7]n.出生，出身birthday ['b4:7dei]n.生日biscuit ['biskit]n.饼干bit [bit]n.一点，一些bite [bait]v./n.咬，叮 n.一口bitter ['bit4]a.苦的，痛苦的black [bl1k]a./n.黑，黑色 n.黑人blackboard ['bl1kb3:d]n.黑板blackmail ['bl1kmeil]v./n.敲诈，勒索blame [bleim]v.责备，责怪 n.责任，过失blank [bl16k]n.空白，空格 a.空白的blanket ['bl16kit]n.毛毯，毯子bleed [bli:d]v.出血，流血bless [bles]v.祝福，保佑blind [blaind]a.盲的，盲目的 v.使失明block [bl3k]v.阻塞，封锁 n.木块；街区；障碍物blood [bl8d]n.血；血统，血亲bloom [blu:m]v./n.开花 n.花，花朵blow [bl4u]v.吹气，吹，打气；爆炸，爆裂blue [blu:]a./n.蓝色(的)，青色(的) a.伤心的，沮丧的blueprint ['blu:`print]n.蓝图board [b3:d]n.委员会；板，木板；包伙，包饭 v.上船(车、飞机等) boast [b4ust]v.夸口，夸耀 n.自夸，大话boat [b4ut]n.船，小船body ['b3di]n.身体，主体；尸体boil [b3il]v.沸腾，煮沸bold [b4uld]a.大胆的，冒失的bomb [b3m]n.炸弹 v.轰炸bond [b3nd]v.结合；约束 n.契约；公债，债券bondage ['b3ndid9]n.奴役，束缚bone [b4un]n.骨，骨骼book [buk]n.书，书籍 v.定，预订boom [bu:m]n.繁荣，激增，迅速发展boot [bu:t]n.靴子border ['b3:d4]n.边界，边境 v.交界，与...毗邻bore [b3:]v.使厌烦，使厌倦 n.使人讨厌的人(或事)born [b3:n]a.天生的，生来的borrow ['b3r4u]v.借，借用boss [b3s]n.老板，头儿，上司 v.指挥，发号施令both [b4u7]pron.二者，双方 a.两，双bother ['b304]v.打扰，麻烦bottle ['b3tl]n.瓶子 v.装瓶bottom ['b3t4m]n.底，底部bound [baund]v./n.跳，跳跃 a.必定的，一定，应当的；开往...的boundary ['baund4ri]n.界线，边界bourgeoisie [`bu49w2:'zi]n.资产阶级bow [bau]v./n.鞠躬，点头bowl [b4ul]n.碗，钵box [b3ks]n.箱子，盒子；包厢 v.拳击；打耳光boy [b3i]n.少年，男孩，儿子；男服务员，男仆boycott ['b3ik3t]v./n.抵制brain [brein]n.大脑，头脑；智能brake [breik]v./n.闸，刹车brand [br1nd]n.商标，标记 v.打火印，打烙印brass [br2:s]n.黄铜，铜器brave [breiv]a.勇敢的bread [bred]n.面包breadth [bred7]n.宽度，幅break [breik]v.打破，打碎，破坏；违反breakfast ['brekf4st]n.早饭，早餐 v.吃早饭breakthrough ['breik7ru:]n.突破，重大成就breast [brest]n.胸脯，乳房breath [bre7]n.呼吸，气息breathe [bri:0]v.吸入，呼吸breed [bri:d]v.繁殖；产生；饲养 n.品种，种类bribe [braib]n./v.贿赂brick [brik]n.砖，砖状物bride [braid]n.新娘bridge [brid9]n.桥，桥梁 v.架桥，建桥brief [bri:f]a.简短，简洁的bright [brait]a.明亮的；聪明的；快活的brilliant ['brili4nt]a.光辉的，卓越的bring [bri6]v.拿来，带来；产生，引起Britain ['breit4n]n.不列颠，英国British ['briti5]a.不列颠的，英国的；英国人的broad [br3:d]a.宽，广，宽宏broadcast ['br3:dk2:st]n./v.广播，播音broom [bru:m]n.扫帚brother ['br804]n.兄弟，同胞brown [braun]n./a.棕色，褐色brush [br85]n.刷子；画笔 v.刷，擦brutal ['bru:tl]a.残忍的brutality [bru:t1liti]n.残忍，暴行Buddhist ['budist]n.佛教徒 a.佛教的budget ['b8d9it]n.预算build [bild]v.建造，建立building ['bildi6]n.建筑物，大楼bull [bul]n.公牛bullet ['bulit]n.子弹，枪弹bulletin ['bulitin]n.告示，公告burden ['b4:dn]n.担子，重担，负担bureau ['bju4r4u]n.署，局bureaucracy [bju'r3kr4si]n.官僚政治；官僚主义；官僚机构burn [b4:n]v.燃烧，烧毁 v./n.灼伤，烧伤burst [b4:st]n./v.破裂，爆裂；突然发生，突然发作bury ['beri]v.埋，安葬bus [b8s]n.公共汽车bush [bu5]n.灌木，灌木丛business ['biznis]n.商业；生意；业务；事务busy ['bizi]a.忙；忙碌but [b8t]conj.可是，但是 prep.除...外 ad.仅仅，不过butter ['b8t4]n.黄油，奶油 v.抹黄油button ['b8tn]n.扣子；按钮 v.扣紧，扣上(纽扣)buy [bai]v.买，购买，收买by [bai]prep.在...旁；被，由；到...为止；经，通过；靠，通过；根据，按照 ad.在旁，近旁byproduct ['bai`pr3d8kt]n.副产品cabin ['k1bin]n.小木屋；机舱，船舱cabinet ['k1binit]n.内阁；橱；小房间cable ['keib4l]n.缆绳，钢索；电缆；电报 v.拍电报cafe ['k1fei,k1'fei]n.咖啡馆；餐馆cage [keid9]n.笼，鸟笼cake [keik]n.饼，糕calculate ['k1lkjuleit]v.计算，推算calculator ['k1lkjuleit4]n.计算器calendar ['k1lind4]n.日历，月历，历法call [k3:l]v.称为，叫；拜访；打电话calm [k2:m]a.平静的，镇静的 v.使镇静camel ['k1m4l]n.骆驼camera ['k1m4r4]n.照相机，摄影机，摄像机camp [k1mp]n.野营，营地；帐篷；阵营 v.设营，宿营campaign [k1m'pein]n.战役，运动；竞选运动campus ['k1mp4s]n.大学校园；大学can [k1n]aux.v.能，会，可能 n.罐头 v.装罐头Canada ['k1n4d4]n.加拿大Canadian [k4'neidi4n]n.加拿大人 a.加拿大的，加拿大人的canal [k4'n1l]n.运河cancel ['k1ns4l]v.取消，删除，撤消cancer ['k1ns4]n.癌candidate ['k1ndideit]n.候选人，报考者candle ['k1ndl]n.蜡烛candy ['k1ndi]n.糖果cap [k1p]n.便帽，帽子；盖子capability [`keip4'biliti]n.能力，才能；力量capable ['keip4b4l]a.有能力的，有才能的capital ['k1pitl]n.首都；资本；大写字母 a.主要的；大写的capitalism ['k1pit4liz4m]n.资本主义capitalist ['k1pit4list]n.资本家 a.资本主义的captain ['k1ptin]n.首领，队长；船长，舰长；上尉car [k2:]n.汽车，车辆，车；车厢carbon ['k2:b4n]n.碳card [k2:d]n.卡片，名片care [ke4]n.注意，小心；挂念 v.关心；计较；照管career [k4'ri4]n.生涯，经历；职业careful ['ke4ful]a.小心的，仔细的，关切的careless ['ke4lis]a.粗心的，草率的carpenter ['k2:pint4]n.木匠carpet ['k2:pit]n.地毯carriage ['k1rid9]n.马车；客；车厢carrot ['k1r4t]n.胡萝卜carry ['k1ri]v.搬运，运送，传递，携带；传播cartoon [k2:'tu:n]n.漫画；动画片carve [k2:v]v.刻，雕刻case [keis]n.事实，情况；案件；病例；箱子，盒子cash [k15]n.现金；兑现cashier [k1'5i4]n.出纳员cassette [k1'set]n.盒式录音带cast [k2:st]v.投，掷，扔，抛，撒；铸造 n.演员表castle ['k2:s4l]n.城堡casual ['k19u4l]a.偶然的，碰巧的；非正式的，随便的casualty ['k19u4lti]n.伤亡人员cat [k1t]n.猫catalogue ['k1t4l3g]n.目录 v.编目catastrophe [k4't1str4fi]n.大灾难，大变动catch [k1t5]v.捕，捉；赶上；感染category ['k1tig4ri]n.种类，类型；范畴Catholic ['k174lik]a.天主教的 n.天主教徒cattle ['k1tl]n.牛cause [k3:z]n.原因，理由；事业 v.引起caution ['k3:54n]n.小心，谨慎；警告 v.告诫，警告cautious ['k3:54s]a.小心的，谨慎的cave [keiv]n.洞穴，窑洞cease [si:s]n./v.停止ceiling ['si:li6]n.天花板；最高限制celebrate ['selibreit]v.庆祝cell [sel]n.牢房；细胞；电池censorship ['sens45ip]n.审查，审查制度census ['sens4s]n.人口普查；统计数字cent [sent]n.分，分币centigrade ['sentigreid]a.摄氏温标的centimetre ['senti`mi:t4(r)]n.公分，厘米central ['sentr4l]a.中心的，中央的centre ['sent4](=center)n.中心，中央century ['sent54ri]n.世纪，百年ceremony ['serim4ni]n.仪式，典礼certain ['s4:t4n]a.确实；某一，某些，必然certificate [s4'tifik4t]n.证书，证明书certify ['s4:tifai]v.证明chain [t5ein]n.链条；链锁 v.拴住chair [t5e4]n.椅子；主席，主席席位chairman ['t5e4m4n](=chairperson)n.主席，议长，会长challenge ['t51lind9]v.挑战 n.挑战；挑战书champion ['t51mpi4n]n.冠军，优胜者chance [t52:ns]n.机会，可能性，偶然性 v.偶然发生，碰巧chancellor ['t52:ns4l4]n.大臣；司法官change [t5eind9]v./n.改变，变化 n.找头，零钱channel ['t51n4l]n.海峡；水道；渠道；频道chapter ['t51pt4]n.章，回character ['k1rikt4]n.性格；特性，特征；人物，角色characteristic [`k1rikt4'ristik]a.特有的，独特的 n.特征，特性characterize ['k1rikt4raiz]v.表示...的特性；描绘性格charge [t52:d9]v.要价，收费 n.价钱 n./v.控告，指控 n.主管 n./v.充电charity ['t51riti]n.慈善；慈善团体charming ['t52:mi6]a.迷人的，可爱的chart [t52:t]n.图表chase [t5eis]v./n.追求，追赶chat [t51t]n./v.闲谈chauvinism ['54uviniz4m]n.沙文主义cheap [t5i:p]a.便宜的，低劣的cheat [t5i:t]v.欺骗，骗取，作弊 n.骗子，欺诈check [t5ek]v.制止；抑制，核对，检查 n.支票；核对，检查cheek [t5i:k]n.面颊cheer [t5i4]v./n.喝彩，欢呼 v.使振作，使高兴cheese [t5i:z]n.干酪，乳酪chemical ['kemik4l]a.化学的 n.化学品chemist ['kemist]n.化学家；药剂师chemistry ['kemistri]n.化学cherish ['t5eri5]v.珍爱，怀有(感情)chess [t5es]n.棋chest [t5est]n.柜子，箱，橱；胸腔，胸部chicken ['t5ikin]n.小鸡；鸡肉chief [t5i:f]n.首领 a.主要的child [t5aild]n.孩子儿童childish ['t5aildi5]a.孩子气的，幼稚的childhood ['t5aildhud]n.幼年，童年chill [t5il]n.凉气，寒气 v.使寒冷chimney ['t5imni]n.烟囱chin [t5in]n.下巴，颏China ['t5ain4]n.中国Chinese ['t5ai'ni:z]n.中国人 a.中国的chip [t5ip]n.薄片，集成电路片chocolate ['t53klit]n.巧克力choice [t53is]n.选择；被选中的东西 a.精选的，优等的choose [t5u:z]v.选择，挑选；甘愿Christian ['kristi4n]n.基督徒 a.基督教的Christmas ['krism4s]n.圣诞节church [t54:t5]n.教堂，教会cigarette [`sig4'ret,'sigret]n.香烟，纸烟cinema ['sinim4]n.电影院circle ['s4:k4l]n.圆；圈子；周期，循环 v.环绕circulate ['s4:kjuleit]v.循环，流通；流传circumstance ['s4:k4mst4ns]n.情形，环境，状况cite [sait]v.引用，引证citizen ['sitiz4n]n.公民，市民city ['siti]n.城市civil ['siv4l]a.市民的，民用的，文明的civilian [si'vilj4n]n.平民，老百姓 a.民间的；民用的civilization [`sivilai'zei54n]n.文明civilize ['sivilaiz]v.使文明，使开化claim [kleim]n/v.要求；声称；认领；主张；断言clarify ['kl1rifai]v.澄清，阐明clash [kl15]v.猛撞，冲突；抵触 n.抵触，冲突class [kl2:s]n.种类，等级；阶级；班，班级；一节课classical ['kl1sik4l]a.经典的，古典的classify ['kl1sifai]v.分类，分等classmate ['kl2:smeit]n.同班同学classroom ['kl2:srum]n.教室，课堂clean [kli:n]a.清洁的，干净的 v.把...弄清洁，扫清clear [kli4]a.晴朗的；清澈的；明亮的 v.清除，使清楚clerk [kl2:k]n.办事员，职员，店员clever ['klev4]a.聪明的；机敏的client ['klai4nt]n.顾客，客户；诉讼委托人cliff [klif]n.悬崖，崖climate ['klaimit]n.气候；(社会)风气climb [klaim]v./n.爬，攀登clinic [klinik]n.诊所clock [kl3k]n.钟close [kl4uz]v.关，终止，结束，关闭 n.结束，终止 a./ad.近的，接近，紧密closet ['kl3zit]n.壁橱，小房间，盥洗室cloth [kl37]n.布，织物，衣料；一块布clothes [kl4u0z]n.衣服clothing ['kl4u0i6]n.衣服，衣着(总称)cloud [klaud]n.云；云状物clown [klaun]n.小丑，丑角club [kl8b]n.俱乐部；棒，球棒clue [klu:]n.线索clumsy ['kl8mzi]a.笨拙的，愚笨的coach [k4ut5]n.客车，长途汽车；教练，私人教师 v.辅导，教练coal [k4ul]n.煤，煤块coast [k4ust]n.海岸，海滨coat [k4ut]n.外套，上衣 v.涂上，包上 n.涂层cock [k3k]n.公鸡，雄鸡；旋塞，开关code [k4ud]n.密码，代码；法典，法则coffee ['k3fi]n.咖啡coin [k3in]n.硬币，货币cold [k4uld]a.冷，冷淡 n.寒冷；感冒collapse [k4'l1ps]v.瓦解，崩溃，倒塌collar ['k3l4]n.衣领colleague ['k3li:g]n.同事，同僚collect [k4'lekt]v.收集，采集，收(税等)；领取collective [k4'lektiv]n.集体 a.集体的，共同的college ['k3lid9]n.学院，大学colonial [k4'l4uni4l]a.殖民地的，殖民的colonist ['k3l4nist]n.殖民者；移民colony ['k3l4ni]n.殖民地，侨居地colo(u)r ['k8l4]n.颜色，色彩；颜料；肤色column ['k3l4m]n.柱，柱状物；专栏comb [k4um]n.梳子 v.梳理combat ['k3mb1t]v./n.战斗combine [k4m'bain]v.使结合，使联合，组合，化合come [k8m]v.来，米到；出现，产生；成为comedy ['k3midi]n.喜剧comfort ['k8mf4t]v.慰问，安慰，舒适 n.安逸，舒适，慰问，安慰comfortable ['k8mf4t4b4l]a.舒适的，舒服的command [k4'm2:nd]v./n.命令，指挥 n.掌握，运用能力commander [k4'm2:nd4]n.指挥员，司令员comment ['k3ment]n./v.解说，评论，意见commerce ['k3m4:s]n.商业commercial [k4'm4:54l]a.商业的，商务的commission [k4'mi54n]n.委托书，委托；委员会；佣金，手续费commit [k4'mit]v.犯(罪、错误)，干(错事)commitment [k4'mitm4nt]n.委托；承诺，保证，承担义务committee [k4'miti]n.委员会，全体委员commodity [k4'm3diti]n.商品，物品common ['k3m4n]a.普通的，通常的；共同的commonwealth ['k3m4nwel7]n.共和国，联邦，共同体communicate [k4'mju:nikeit]v.传达；交通，通信communication [k4`mju:ni'kei54n]n.通讯，交流，联络communism ['k3mjuniz4m]n.共产主义communist ['k3mjunist]n.共产党员 a.共产主义的community [k4'mju:niti]n.社会，社区，(政治)共同体companion [k4m'p1ni4n]n.同伴，伴侣company ['k8mp4ni]n.公司，商号；同伴comparative [k4m'p1r4tiv]a.比较的，相当的compare [k4m'pe4]v.比较，相比comparison [k4m'p1ris4n]n.比较；比喻compass ['k8mp4s]n.罗盘，指南针compatible [k4m'p1t4b4l]a.可和谐共存的；适合的，一致的compel [k4m'pel]v.强迫，使不得不；迫使屈服compensate ['k3mpenseit]v.补偿，赔偿；酬报compete [k4m'pi:t]v.比赛，竞争competence ['k3mpit4ns]n.能力，胜任；权能，权限competition [`k3mpi'ti54n]n.比赛，竞争complain [k4m'plein]v.抱怨，诉苦；申诉complement ['k3mplim4nt]n/v.补充，补足complete [k4m'pli:t]a.完整的，完全的，十足的，彻底的 v.完成，结束complex ['k3mpleks]a.复杂的；复合的complicated ['k3mplikeitid]a.错综复杂的，麻烦的compliment ['k3mplim4nt]n.(pl.)问候，致意，赞扬，道贺 v.称赞，恭维，祝贺comply [k4m'plai]v.遵从，服从compose [k4m'p4uz]v.写作，作曲；由...组成compound [k4m'paund]a.复合的 n.混合物，化合物comprehend [`k3mpri'hend]v.理解，了解comprehension [`k3mpri'hen54n]n.理解(力)，领悟comprehensive [`k3mpri'hensiv]a.广泛的，综合的compromise ['k3mpr4maiz]v./n.妥协，折衷compulsory [k4m'p8ls4ri]a.强迫的，强制的；义务的，必修的computer [k4m'pju:t4]n.计算机comrade ['k3mrid,'k3mreid]n.同志，朋友，同事conceal [k4n'si:l]v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽conceit [k4n'si:t]n.自负，自高自大conceive [k4n'si:v]v.设想，构想；怀胎，怀有concentrate ['k3ns4ntreit]v.集中；浓缩concept ['k3nsept]n.概念concern [k4n's4:n]v.涉及，关系 n./v.关心，挂念concerning [k4n's4:ni6]prep.关于concert ['k3ns4t]n.音乐会，演奏会concession [k4n'se54n]n.让步；特许；租界conclude [k4n'klu:d]v.结束，完结；下结论；缔结conclusion [k4n'klu:94n]n.结束，终结；结论concrete ['k36kri:t]a.具体的；本质的 n.混凝土condemn [k4n'dem]v.谴责，指责；宣判condense [k4n'dens]v.压缩，浓缩；精简condition [k4n'di54n]n.状况，状态，情形；条件conduct ['k3nd4kt,'k3nd8kt]n.行为，品行 v.引导，指挥；传电，传热confederation [k4n`fed4'rei54n]n.同盟，联盟conference ['k3nf4r4ns]n.会议confess [k4n'fes]v.承认，坦白；忏悔confidence ['k3nfid4ns]n.信任，信心；秘密confident ['k3nfid4nt]a.确信的，有自信的confine [k4n'fain]v.限制，局限于；管制confirm [k4n'f4:m]v.证实；确认，批准conflict ['k3nflikt,k4n'flikt]n.斗争，冲突，抵触 n./v.抵触，冲突。
公共管理硕士MPA重要英语词汇一览
公共管理硕士(MPA)重要英语词汇一览公共管理硕士（MPA）重要英语词汇一览（一）normal, radiate发射, authority,companion同事同伴, concept概念, create,creature, dentist, identify鉴别, identical同一的, identity认出, engage使……雇佣、聘用, entitle给……权利、资格, evaluate估价,fluid、solid流体、固体，influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense紧张的、强烈的、剧烈的, interpret解释、说明、口译, justice 正义、公平, adjust, judge, minor次要的、未成年的, observe遵守、测评、评估, deserve应受、值的, preserve保护、维护、维持, parallel平行的、并列的, percept知觉、对象, stuff塞满、原料, surroundings, transport, transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder惊讶, widespread广泛的、普遍的, ambition雄心、大志, approach, brief摘要、大纲、短的,（二）force, enforce实施、迫使, reinforce加强、增援, report, scope范围、机会、余地spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse归咎、控告, afford, anxiety焦虑、渴望, atmosphere, blame, bargain买卖全同、议价, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious有意识的、自觉的、故意的, convince使确信、使说服, custom, desperate不顾一切的、拼命的，凶暴的、极我危险的, encourage, discourage使沮丧, economic, economy, motive, promote促使, emotional感情的、情绪的, motion动机, fail to, flat, install, intimate, limit, major主修的、成年的, no matter, neutral中立的, outlet出品、销路、电源插座, perform履行、执行, inform告知, formal外形的、正式的、合理的（三）conquer, result, consult参考、请教, insult, 侮辱、冒犯，deliberate深思熟虑的、有准备的, despair绝望、失望的, compare, emergence浮现、露出, emergency，establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate挫败、破坏，使无效, handy便于携带的, incredible不可信的, inherit, conference会议、协商会, infer推断、推理, offer, interfere, length, manufacture制造、加工, mood心情、情绪、气氛, necessity, noble高贵的、贵族, occasion, occasional, output 产量、产品、输出, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice, practical, recognize, release, rescue救援、解救, maintain, remain, obtain,（四）entertain娱乐，rural农村的, urban城市的, similar to, trial试验、暂时性的, trail踪迹、痕迹, witness目击、目睹, absolute, accumulate积累, in advance 有远见、有前、预先, advanced, advantage, agent代理, appeal, application 申请表, point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim声称、声明, climate, complicate使复杂、使陷入, comprise包含、包括, considerable相当多的,boundary分界, frontier国界, nullity无效行为的, debate争辩, decrease, increase, reduce减小, include, conclude推断, exclude拒绝、逐出, federal联合的、联邦的, firm, forecast预报, foresee预见、预知, grateful感谢的, integrate, divide, individual个人的, fence, defense防卫, offend冒犯, portion 部分, proper, property财产,poverty贫穷，reputation, restrict, loyal忠心的, royal王室的、盛大的, spot污点, terminal终点、末期的, alter, alternate轮流、交替, alternative二中选一, concrete具体的、混凝土的, consequent随之的、必然发生的, explode使爆炸, explore勘探, exploit开发、开采、开拓, hesitate犹豫、支支吾吾的,（七）imagine, influence, innocent清白的, guilty有罪的, persuade, possess占有, sample, support, vital, burden, elect选举, select, collect, collective集合的、集体的, contribute贡献, distribute分发, attribute归因于, abuse滥用, prejudice 偏见, avoid, escape, capture捕获, compete, effort, enthusiasm, involve包含、使陷于, evolve使进展、逐渐成形, imply暗示、意味, reply, multiply乘加、多元化, issue, modify修饰, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award奖品、授予, reward报酬, shelter掩蔽, skim浏览,（八）in spite of, temporary临时的, vehicle交通工具, ancestor associate, refuse,confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fresh, obvious, visible, invisible看不见的, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil损坏, stimulate刺激、激励, suffer, tense, accompany, analyze, conflict战斗, convenient, derive源自、起源, deprive剥夺, thrive兴旺、繁荣, dominate, element, gallery美术馆、走廊, interval时间间隔, lock, lack, match比赛、火柴, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant无知、愚昧, independent,（九）inspire激发, motion动机, promote促进, remote遥远、冷淡的, motive运动的、目的、主旨, numerous许多的, relevant有关的, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh,tempt诱惑、吸引, attempt, contract, attract, candidate候补的, commercial 商业的, communicate, contain, coordinate使协调, respond回应、作出反映, correspond通信、相当、符合, emphasis, enclose随信附上, focus, instinct 本能、直觉, investigate, invest, manner, mere仅仅, nerve神经中枢, political, policy, reliable可靠的、可信赖的, resemble相似的, assemble集中、召集, shape外形, sophisticate世故的, stain污点,（十）strain紧张的、过度疲劳的, symbol, triumph胜利、成功, upright, vigorous 精力旺盛、有力的, benefit, profit, characterize, circumstance环境、境况, chain store, concentrate, delegate派……为代表, diligent勤奋的, dispute争论, estimate, factor, intentional故意的, occupy占领, inject, reject, object, project, subject, scenery, survive, revive使复兴、有效, temper, vary, accelerate, behave, concern, continue, deny, distance, insure保险, invade使……侵略, mature成熟、成年人的, mental, monitor, mysterious, neglect忽视、忽略,（十一）purpose, raw生的、未加工的, refurbish再磨光, remove, restore修复, resort 求助、讼诸, scarcely仅仅、几乎不, specific特有的, target, alarm, approve 赞成, certify证明、保证, certificate证书, frost霜、严峻的, fund, genuine真诚的, intend, material, memory, primitive原始的, propose建议、提议, ruin, shadow, contrary相反的, sufficient充分的, accent, actually, adequate, anxious, attach系上、附上, awkward笨拙的、尴尬的, budget, capture捕获、赢得, channel, circulate使循环、使流通, community社团, company, consent 同意赞成, cooperate合作、协作, cultivate耕种、培养, depart走开、逝去的, devote奉献、献身,denote表示、指示（十二）dismiss解散、开除, distant, enhance, eventually最后、终于, fierce, manage, overnight通宵的, passion激情, passive被动的、消极的, postpone, progress,pursue, react, render呈交、归还, sense, treat, treaty条约、协定, capacity容量、能力, civilian平民、公务员, compel强迫, contradiction反驳、矛盾、抵触, crack暇疵、爆裂, curiosity, departure启程、离开, devise设计、发明、图谋, device设备、装置, secure安全的, accurate精密的、准确的, depend 依靠, distinguish区别, plain平原, complain, explain, financial, hurt, injure, harm, destroy, ruin, comprise ,contain, embody使具体化,subsume包含, construct建造, structure结构, isolate使隔离, labor, task, overlook远眺, overcome战胜、克服, resist抵抗, insist, state声明、陈述, supreme最高的, superior较高的, volume卷、体积, absorb, account, achieve, universal全体的, convert, reverse颠覆、相反, apply, applicable适用的, applicant申请者,application请求、申请, broad, board, cancel, casual 偶然的、随意的, cancer, classify分类、分级, comfort, submit递交、投降、服从, permit许可, emit发出、射出, complex, conduct行为、举止, constant, core核心、果核, demand, command命令、指令, comment评论、注释, commend 表扬,（十三）mental, recommend推荐、介绍, mention, design, signal信号, significant意义重大的, protect, detect, point, appoint约定、指定, appointment, disappoint, duration持续时间长, durable耐久的, employ, excess过分、过量, exceed超出, success, succeed, process, proceed, false, indicate指出、显示、象征, predict预言预知, opportunity, personal, pose, dispose决定、处置, expose揭露, suppose假定、料想, oppose反对、对比, compose组成, impose征税、欺骗、强加, deposit储蓄, poison, poverty, cautious小心的、谨慎的, prove, improve改进、改善, record, relieve减轻,（十四）sincere, troop, upset, violent, welfare, abundant, advocate, affect, effect, effective, efficient, campaign, cause, commission, component, content, intention, crisis, critic, critical, destination, discard, discipline, anticipate, participate, principal, principle, familiar, feature, feasible, indifferent, provide, recover, standard, thorough, morally, virtually, deal with, cope（十五）with, doubt, 执行, density, corporation, currency, current, demonstrate, countless, discount , extraordinary, graduate, gradually, precious, precise, appreciate, reluctant, unwilling, sharp, shape, source, strength, length, supply, drop, endure, evident, enormous, intensive, preference, produce, reflect, scale, semester, shift, talent, threat, typical, vain, volunteer,（十六）accomplish, analysis, assist, persist, insist, resist, consist, colony, confront, conventional, descend, donate, elementary, eliminate, frequent, incline, instant, merit, military, prevent, represent, restrain, academic, available, challenge, continent, elaborate, function, generous, illustrate, measure, narrow, option, phenomenon, prohibit, panic, pretend, prompt, regulate, shrink, swallow, uniform, artificial, creature, determine, distinct, encounter, environment, fatiguecontend 争论、竞争者cosmos 秩序、完整体系elsewhere 在别处fabricate 捏造humbly 谦恭的offend 冒犯的primary 首要的、最初的privilege 特权refine 精炼resolve 决心、解决strikingly 醒目的、引人注目的superior 较高的trait 人的个性、特征understanding 谅解、通情达理的validate 证实、确证、有法律效力的whereas 但是、而。
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MPA专业词汇 treaty trend trial tribe triumph troop tyranny tyrant unemployment unfair union unite valid validity viewpoint violate vote world
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MPA专业词汇 consensus conservative consolidate constitution consul consulate consultant containment contract convention cooperation coordinate corporate corrupt corruption council counsel country crisis crown debate declaration deficit delegate democracy democratic demonstrate deposition deprive deputy development diplomacy diplomatic direction director discipline 第 4 頁
MPA专业词汇 slavery slogan socialism sociology sovereign sovereignty stability stable standpoint state statesman status strategic strategy strike struggle subordinate successor summit superpower supervise suppress supreme swear system systematic tension territory terrorist testimony the Soviet Union throne traitor transaction transform transformation 第 11 頁
MPA专业词汇 metropolitan minister ministry minority mission monarchy monopoly moral morality movement municipal mutual nation national nationalism nationality negotiate negotiation neutral nominate nomination oath obligation officer offiion oppress organization overthrow ownership pacific package panel parliament 第 8 頁
MPA专业词汇 integrate interact interest interfere interference intervene intervention invade invasion involve isolationism just justice lead leader leadership leading league legalization legislation liberal liberalism liberty lobby lord majesty management manager manipulate Marxism materialism major medieval membership methodology metropolis 第 7 頁
MPA专业词汇 reconcile reconciliation refugee regime regulate regulation reign religion representative republic republican resign resignation resist resistance resolution resolve responsibility reunification reunion revenue revolution revolutionary rival rivalry royal royalty rule ruler sacred sacrifice sanction security senate service slaughter 第 10 頁
MPA专业词汇 blueprint board bondage border boundary bourgeoisie boycott bribe brutality budget bulletin bureau bureaucracy cabinet campaign cancel candidate capital capitalism capitalist captain catastrophe category Catholic censorship census central centra chair chairman chancellor charity chauvinism check chief Christian 第 2 頁
MPA专业词汇 globalization govern government governor guidance guideline headquarters hegemony heir hierarchy hostage hostile house humanitarian humanity idealism identity ideological ideology illegal illegitimate illicit immigrate imperial imperialism impose inauguration incident independence independent individualism infringe inhuman injustice institution insurance 第 6 頁
MPA专业词汇 absolute abuse adhere administer administration affair aggression aggressive allege alliance allied ambassador ambition ambitious amendment announce appeal appoint approve aristocracy army assembly association attendance authentic authoritarian authority authorize autocracy autonomy balance ban belief bilateral bipartisan bipolar 第 1 頁
MPA专业词汇 parliamentary party patriot patriotic pentagon people persecute petition platform pluralism policy political politician politics poll power powerful premier preside presidency president principle privilege proclaim prosecute protest public puppet racial racism radical radicalism rally rank realism rebel 第 9 頁
MPA专业词汇 circumstance citizen civil civilian civilization civilize claim clash class code collapse collective colonial colonist colony combat command commander commission commitment committee commonwealth communism communist community competence compromise concession condemn confederation conference conflict Confucian congress conquer conquest 第 3 頁
MPA专业词汇 discriminate discrimination dismiss district doctrine document dogma dogmatism domain dominant dominate duty dynasty egoism election embassy emigrate emperor empire empower enact enforce equalitarian equality ethics evolution execute executive fair fascism federal feudalism force franchise freedom fundamentalism 第 5 頁