Model Test 4

Model Test 4Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled A Harmonious Society in My Mind. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. Describe the changes in the number of students attending graduate entrance exams in University X in the past decade.2. Give possible reasons for the changes.3. State your own choice.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For question 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Next Disaster: Are We Ready?Are We Really Prepared?After the attacks on September 11 and the hurricanes that slammed the Gulf Coast last year, you'd expect our major cities to be ready with disaster plans that will save lives and property. There's no doubt we'll be hit again—maybe even harder—because the list of possible calamities(灾难)is long: from a bird flu pandemic to a massive California earthquake, to more monster storms, to another terrorist attack.But are we really prepared to protect people, as well as their homes and businesses? Every major urban area has received federal funding, much of it from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in order to make their cities more secure. But there are no set criteria for measuring preparedness (the feds are working on that), and the quality of disaster plans varies widely throughout the country.So we decided to do an independent assessment of 10 high-risk urban areas, focusing on key security indicators. We analyzed public data, consulted with federal and local emergency workers, and contacted the mayors' offices to gauge(测量)the readiness of these cities to meet both natural and man-made disasters.Our criteria fell under three main categories: Emergency Readiness, Crisis Communications, and Medical Response.Emergency ReadinessAre there at least 1,000 first responders (such as police, fire and EMTs) per 100,000 residents? They're our firstline of protection in almost any disaster situation—professionals who are trained to handle everything from rescuing victims to providing first aid, to enforcing quarantines(封锁), to directing traffic for evacuations(疏散).Are there federal search-and-rescue teams based within 50 miles? Large cities often have specialized teams to deal with such things as high-rise-building rescues or hazardous chemical spills. But these squads are sometimes small, ill-equipped, or run on a shoestring. This is not true of federal urban search-and-rescue task forces that the DHS supports across the country. Each task force is made of 62 members and 4 canines, as well as a "comprehensive cache" of equipment. DHS task forces are not automatically assigned; a city needs to apply and present its case.Has the city or state earned "green status" from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? Suppose that in the midst of a flu pandemic or bio terror attack, your city ran low on critical medicines. The CDC stands ready to help by distributing drugs and medical equipment from its Strategic National Stockpile. But the agency wants to know that a city or state is able to quickly mobilize hundreds of health workers and volunteers trained to handle the logistics, and has space set aside for storage and refrigeration. You're best off if your city has earned the CDC's "green status"—even if the state itself has not—because it means local health teams can handle the supplies on their own.Does the city website explain clearly what to do in case of evacuation? Who can forget the images of stranded New Orleans residents, or the 5-mph crawl out of Houston? It turned out that New Orleans's evacuation plans were both inadequate and poorly communicated. One way cities can avoid a similar nightmare is to put clear and easy-to-find evacuation information on their websites. Some cities, such as Boston and Washington, post the preferred street routes. Others, like Las Vegas, won't disclose details due to security fears, but their websites may provide ways to quickly get evacuation details when you need them (such as numbers to call or alert services you can sign up for). Among the more important things to address are people without vehicles of their own (a huge failing in New Orleans) and instructions for pet owners.Does the website include details for residents with special needs? In July 1995, a vicious heat wave killed nearly 500 people in Chicago; a disproportionate number of them were older residents who lived alone. In any crisis, the elderly and disabled can be uniquely vulnerable. That's why cities such as Houston are creating registries of residents who would need special help. Such lists would indicate, for instance, that a certain person in a certain apartment building is wheel-chair-bound. Other cities are instructing people with disabilities to call 911 for assistance—though this relies on phone systems that could be overloaded or go dead. If a city's disaster planning shows no awareness of special-needs people, it isn't complete.Crisis CommunicationsCan first responders—police, fire and medical—talk to one another? On September 11, firefighters died inside the World Trade Center because they could not make contact with police helicopters trying to radio warnings. Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem, and converting or replacing decades-old radio systems can be a long, expensive process. Cities have gotten a big boost if they've taken part in RapidCom, a DHS program providing technical assistance and training that speeds up the transition.Has the city adopted E911? Many cities have upgraded their 911 call centers in recent years, but they're even better prepared if they've incorporated "E911" (or "enhanced 911"). This technology enables emergency operators to identify the precise location of cell-phone callers through GPS systems. If you wind up stranded in floodwaters, E911 could save your life.Does the city provide 24-hour emergency alerts? What if an evacuation order goes out, but it's 3 a.m. and you're sound asleep? Not a problem if your city has a way of alerting you at any time of day. Some rely on street sirens(警报器)to do the trick. Others have used their websites to invite residents to sign up for e-mail notifications or automated phone calls in an emergency.Medical ResponseAre there at least 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 residents? Getting to victims quickly is a critical first step. But you'd better have a place to take them for treatment. A reasonable standard, according to preparedness experts, is 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 people—a ratio that would likely mean a city could find enough spare beds in anemergency. Of course, beds alone won't s help a massive number of burn victims or people suffering from chemical exposure unless the hospital is prepared to treat them. But all the cities in our survey have specialty units in their hospitals that can handle such cases.Are local teams trained to respond quickly and work together? If and urban area was targeted by weapons of mass destruction, city health officials couldn't just wait for federal help to arrive. First responders and hospital would need to react right away. They could also need medical volunteers—say, to help vaccinate people or distribute medicines and supplies. How to ensure that all these professionals and volunteers work together as seamlessly as possible? If a city is part of DHS's Metropolitan Medical Response System, it has obtained federal assistance in developing plans, and has received critical training and equipment.Are there labs nearby that specialize in biological and chemical threats? The CDC is on the cutting edge with its Laboratory Response Network—integrated labs nationwide that have the equipment and expertise to quickly identify pathogens and toxic chemicals. An LRN lab in Florida was the first to detect anthrax(炭疽热)in terrorist mailings in 2001. Laboratories can be members only if they have highly trained staff and exceptional facilities, as well as track record of testing accuracy. A handful of LRN labs qualify as "Level 1", meaning they can test for chemical poisons such as mustard and nerve agents.1. A bird flu, a massive earthquake, a monster storm and a terrorist attack are all threats to major cities in the U.S.2. The author does an assessment of all high-risk urban areas in the U.S.3. Policemen, firemen and emergency doctors all can be called first responders.4. Each federal urban search-and-rescue task force is made up of at least 60 members.5. If a city has earned the CDC's green status "green status", it means that its local health teams can ________ on their own.6. You can get evacuation details through the ways provided by the website of Las Vegas though it doesn't disclose the details due to ________.7. Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem in the U.S. because of the ________ which should be converted or replaced.8. Emergency operators can identify the precise location of cell-phone callers through GPS systems with the use of ________.9. According to preparedness experts, if a city has at least 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 residents, it could find ________ in an emergency.10. As a part of DHS's Metropolitan Medical Response System, a city can obtain ________ in developing plans Part I Listening comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.A. Nick can't go on studying because he has to work in a steel plant.B. Nick has earned enough money for his senior year.C. Nick prefers working in a steel plant to going to college.D. Nick doesn't have enough money so he'll work during his senior year.12.A. The woman has talked with Manager Li once about the proposal.B. The woman called Manager Li at 1:30 to talk about the proposal.C. The woman will ask about Manager Li's decision until 1:30.D. The woman didn't get through Manager Li's secretary at lunch time.13.A.Save time by using a computer. B. Buy her own computer.C. Borrow Mary's computer.D. Stay home and complete her paper.14.A. He didn't get the book he needed. B. He had no idea where the book was.C. The library is closed on weekend.D. He was not allowed to check out the book.15.A. She offered to drive the man to Paris.B. She offered to serve as a tour guide to the man.C. She offered to teach the man French in case of trouble.D. She offered to accompany the man to go to Paris.16.A. The man is thinking about taking a new job.B. The man likes the job that enables him traveling.C. The man is sure that he can gain more by taking the job.D. The man doesn't want to stay home and take care of his child.17.A. She's learned a lot from the literature class. B. She's writing some books about world classics.C. She's met some of the world's best writing.D. She's just back from a trip around the world.18.A. More out of the South Dorm. B. Find a bigger room.C. Look for a room in the South Dorm.D. Stay where she lives now.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A. In a school zone. B. In a residential district. C. In a commercial area. D. In the countryside.20.A.The street sign. B. The pedestrian. C. The wall. D. The pole in the road.21.A. She should take another test and someday except Friday.B. She should take the test with another driving officer.C. She'd better take more driving lessons before trying the test again.D. She should take another test on the day when it is less crowded.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A. She went sailing with the man. B. She waited long to get a signature.C. She applied for a new-open lesson.D. She learned in a long distance.23.A. Child caring. B. Education. C. Computering. D. Psychology.24.A. It's a new thing and people would like to try it out.B. They have less time to attend traditional classes.C. It would save a lot of money for the students.D. Televised lessons are much easier to understand.25.A. The students will never meet their professor.B. There're no assignments or exams for the course.C. Contact by telephone is essential in the course.D. The televised lesson is showed only once.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.A. As a religious festival.B. For political reasons.C. As an international competition.D. As a professional athletes' competition.27.A. Personl jealousy.B. National pride.C. Racial discrimination.D. Political prejudice.28.A. Athletes were murdered.B. The Olympic Games were boycotted.C. Athletes refused to participate in the Games.D. Athletes warned the Soviets.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.A. He didn't pay enough money.B. His umbrella was a present.C. The umbrella was very good.D. The advertisement was not well written.30.A. Write a new advertisement.B. Known the importance of an advertisement.C. Look for the man who stole the umbrella.D. Buy a new umbrella.31.A. He will be forgiven if he confesses to stealing the umbrella.B. He will be given a reward if he returns it.C. He will be involved in trouble if he doesn't return it.D. There is something wrong with the umbrella which will cause him much trouble.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.A. A public speech. B. A test at school. C. A persuasive speech. D. A conversation to a stranger.33.A. Watching the advertisement of the company on TV.B. Cosulting people who work in the company.C. Asking their friends to find out the information.D. Looking them up in reference books and periodicals.34.A.The way the interviewee speaks.B. The interviewee's appearance.C. The color of dress the interviewee is in.D. The interviewee's hairstyle.35.A. You should have long hair.B. You should be in casual dress.C. You should dress according to personal taste.D. You should dress appropriately.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.The RMS Titanic slipped out of the harbor in Southampton, England, on April 10, 1912.It was the first voyage of this huge (36)______liner said to be the largest and safest vessel on the seas. The pull of its (37)______ propellers almost caused an accident before it ever left the harbor. Another ship was pulled from its anchoring and came(38)______ close to hitting the Titanic. You might say this was an (39)______ of events to come.Two of the ship’s builders were on board to make sure that no problems were found. They (40)______ everyone that this beautiful ship was practically(41)______,for it had been constructed to withstand what they believed would be the worst possible (42)______ the ship would face. Even if four of its watertight compartments were (43)______,it would stay afloat as usual.(44)__________________________.On Sunday, April 14, 1912,the Titanic was sailing peacefully through the northern Atlantic Ocean. At two different times during the day,(45)________________________.For some unknown reason, neither of these messages reached the captain. At 11∶40 p.m., two lookouts spotted a large iceberg straight ahead. The first officer was in charge. He ordered the ship to turn left and the engines to be reversed. Engineers now believe that (46)____________________________. As it was, the ship hit the iceberg on its side and it sank eventually.Part III Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is following by some questions or unfinished statements-For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage:Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things”—physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used—that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things” in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictures in art. Through the study of instruments, as well preserved Paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Neat East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near eastern influence to Europe that results in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research show mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America, printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole. One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out the influence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information revolution,” a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected music-cultures all over the globe.47. Research into the material culture of a nation’s of great importance ________.A) it helps produce new cultural tools and technologyB) it can reflect the development of the nationC) it helps understand the nation’s past and presentD) it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization48. It can be learned from this passage that ________.A) the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese musicB) Near Eastern music had influence on the of the instruments in the symphony orchestraC) the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western musicD) the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music49. According to the author, music notation is important because ________.A) it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read itB) it tends to standard folk sings when it is used by folk musiciansC) it is the printed version of standardized folk musicD) it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs50. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music ________.A) has brought about an information revolutionB) has speeded up the arrival of a new generation of computersC) has given rise to new forms of music cultureD) has given to the transformation of traditional musical instruments51. Which of the following best summarized the main idea of the passage?A) Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner later be replaced by computers.B) Music cannot be passed on to future generation unless it is recorded.C) Folk songs cannot spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D) The development of music culture is highly dependent or its material aspect.Questions 52 to 56are based on the following passage.The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before considering this question, it will useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for some thing which is in inadequate supply. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another.Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meet-eating animals. Those who fail in competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.52. In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some term in order to ________.A) argue for the similarities between and human societiesB) smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC) distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD) summarize the that characteristic features of opposition and cooperation53. According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that ________.A) it results in war in most casesB) it induces efforts to expand territoryC) it is kind of opposition among social entitiesD) it is essentially a struggle for existence54. The phrase “function in the disservice of one another” (Para. 1) most probably means “________”.A) betray each otherB) harm one anotherC) help to collaborate with each otherD) benefit on another55. The author indicates in the passage that conflict ________.A) is an inevitable struggle resulting from competitionB) reflects the struggle among social animalsC) is an opposition among individual social animalsD) can be avoided56. The passage is probably intended to answer the question “________”.A) Is war inevitable?B) Why is there conflict and competition?C) Is conflict desirable?D) Can competition lead to conflict?Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computer is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and write poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations.Computers imitate life. As computer get more complex, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new form of life.The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computer’s b rain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things at the brain one time and it freezes up.We are still in control, but the capabilities of computer are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if as all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain.That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the he past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the new species must be man’s flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon.57. What do you suppose the attitude of Dr. Samuel Johnson towards ladies preaching?A) He believed that ladies were born worse preachers than men.B) He was pleased that ladies could preach, though not as well as men.C) He disapproved of ladies preaching.D) He encouraged ladies to preach.58. Today, computer are still inferior to man in terms of ________.A) decision making B) drives and feelings C) growth of reasoning power D) information absorption59. In terms of making quick decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer because ________.。