太阳能光伏电站操作使用手册

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光伏电站的运行与维护操作手册

光伏电站操作维护手册林重设备部编制：吕玉林审核：批准：目次目次 (II)1系统简介 (3)1.0站址及太阳能资源 (4)1.1林州市的基础气象数据/太阳辐照情况/发电量比较 (5)2运行与维护一般要求 (6)3运行与维护 (9)3.0设备统计与人员安排（规划） (9)3.1 光伏方阵 (9)3.2 直流汇流箱、直流配电柜 (10)3.3 控制器、逆变器 (11)3.4 接地与防雷系统 (11)3.5 交流配电柜及线路 (12)3.6 光伏系统与基础结合部分 (14)3.7 数据通讯系统 (14)4巡检周期和维护规则 (14)表4.0.1 巡检周期 (15)表 4.0.2 维护规则 (15)附录A 巡检记录表 (17)附录B 维护记录表 (18)附录C 验收记录表 (19)5光伏系统分项点检记录 (20)1系统简介1.0站址及太阳能资源林州重机集团地貌类型属于黄河冲积平原，位于华北平原中北部地区，东经113°37′-114°51′,北纬35°40′-36°21′。

属暖温带大陆性季风气候，四季分明，日照充足，雨量集中。

春季干旱多风沙，夏季炎热多雨，秋季温和晴明，冬季寒冷干燥，全年降雨量为600毫米左右，多集中在6～8月。

年平均气温14℃，最冷月1月份的多年平均气温-1℃左右，最热月7月份的多年平均气温27℃左右，年日照2500小时。

冬季北风偏多，而夏季则以南风为主。

林州地区属于我国三类太阳能辐照度地区，平均日照时数和年太阳辐照量属国内中等水平。

林州市属大陆性季风气候，四季分明，温差较大。

年平均气温12.8℃，年降水总量672.1 毫米。

晴天日数比长江以南省区多，有效光热比我国青藏高原和西北地区低，比川、黔等地高得多，日照时数也高于江南各地。

林州重机集团股份公司厂房屋顶光伏发电项目为国家金太阳示范工程，共计安装13所厂房屋顶，总占地面积约398500m2 ，其中光伏矩阵200亩合13.4万m2，该项目总发电容量20MWp，于2013年2月开始建设，2013年6月并网发电。

电站使用及运维指导手册

光伏电站使用及运维指导手册一．使用篇：1.光伏电站组成图1光伏发电系统构成光伏电站系统由组件、逆变器、电缆、配电箱等组成。

太阳光照射到光伏组件上，产生的直流电通过电缆接入逆变器中，经逆变器将直流电转化为交流电接入配电箱，在配电箱中经过断路器、并网计量表进入电网，完成光伏并网发电。

2.使用注意事项1、配电装置上如有此种标识位置，请勿触摸，以免发生触电危险。

2、用户切勿拆卸设备及配电装置，以免发生危险。

3、切勿在光伏组件上或阵列南面（前面）放置物品，以免造成触电危险或火宅，且阴影遮挡会影响发电量，降低自身发电收益。

4、及时清理光伏组件表面脏污，如遇下雪天，雪后要及时清理光伏组件覆盖的大雪，以便提高发电量，增加发电收益。

5、日常发电期间切勿随意进入光伏阵列，以免造成危险。

6、切勿敲打钢架、光伏组件、设备等发电设施，禁止在组件的玻璃和边框上打孔，以免造成发电系统损坏，影响发电量，降低自身发电收益。

7、请勿在组件及支架周围倾倒、泼洒有毒、有害及腐蚀性物品。

3.日常维护1、建议定期（至少一月）对电站进行例行巡视检查，如发现下面问题，请及时联系电站管理人员：1)光伏组件有破损、灼烧痕迹、气泡、电池片碎裂、玻璃碎裂，边框破损等情况；2)支架有歪斜、松动，防腐涂层出现开裂、脱落等现象；3)逆变器红色（故障）指示灯常亮，则设备出现故障；4)逆变器运行时有较大震动和异常噪声等；5)电缆有膨胀、龟裂、破损等现象。

2、清洁组件是使用干净潮湿柔软棉布或海绵清理光伏组件上的灰尘及污垢，严禁使用含碱，酸的清洁剂清洗组件。

中午温度高时严禁使用冷水泼洒光伏组件，以免造成光伏组件热胀冷缩而导致损坏，清洗的频率取决于污垢积累的速度。

在正常情况下，雨水会对组件的表面进行清洁，这样能减少清洗的频率。

4.常见问题（1）分布式光伏发电系统的常见故障有哪些？系统各部件可能出现哪些典型问题？系统问题主要是由于电压未达到启动电压，造成逆变器无法工作、无法启动，由于组件或逆变器原因造成发电量低等，系统部件可能出现的典型问题有接线盒烧毁、组件局部烧毁。

CPS SCA630 500KTL-H CN 光伏并网逆变器使用手册说明书

CPS SCA系列光伏并网逆变器CPS SCA630/500KTL-H/CN安装使用手册上海正泰电源系统有限公司目录开始前请仔细阅读本用户手册 (1)第一章安全说明 (3)第二章总体介绍 (7)2.1 并网光伏系统 (7)2.2 系列型号说明 (7)2.3 逆变器电路结构 (8)2.4 逆变器选配功能 (8)2.5 外观说明 (9)第三章安装 (10)3.1 基本要求 (10)3.2 供货范围 (10)3.3 安装工具清单 (11)3.4 机械安装 (11)3.4.1 外形尺寸 (11)3.4.2 逆变器安装要求 (12)3.4.3 逆变器安装现场搬运 (15)3.5 电气连接 (18)3.5.1 电气连接前准备 (18)3.5.2 直流连接 (20)3.5.3 交流连接 (23)3.5.4 接地连接 (26)3.5.5 通讯连接 (27)3.5.6 外接辅助电源和干接点连接 (28)第四章运行操作 (29)4.1 上电前开机检查 (29)4.2 开机流程 (29)4.3 开机与停机 (30)4.4 工作模式 (33)4.5 并网发电 (34)4.6 故障停机 (34)4.7 故障分析与排除 (34)4.8 滤网更换 (38)第五章人机界面 (39)5.1 触摸屏显示简介 (39)5.2 状态指示 (39)5.3 界面及菜单功能 (40)5.3.1 首页 (40)5.3.2 运行信息 (41)5.3.3 当前故障 (43)5.3.4 历史记录 (44)5.3.5 逆变器参数 (45)5.3.6 系统参数 (50)5.3.7 版本信息 (52)5.3.8 电力调度 (52)第六章技术数据 (54)第七章质量保证 (56)7.1 质保期 (56)7.2 责任豁免 (56)7.3 质量条款（保修条款） (56)第八章回收报废 (57)附录Ⅰ：有毒有害物质或元素名称及其含量表 (58)附录Ⅱ：机器选型说明 (59)开始前请仔细阅读本用户手册尊敬的用户，感谢您选购使用上海正泰电源系统有限公司研发生产的CPS SCA系列光伏并网逆变器CPS SCA630/500KTL-H/CN（本手册中以下简称为“逆变器”）产品。

光伏电站运维手册

光伏电站运维手册光伏系统运维手册编制：XXX审核：XXX批准：XXX目的及维护介绍本手册旨在指导光伏系统的运维工作，确保系统的正常运行和安全使用。

通过本手册的介绍和指导，维护人员可以更好地了解光伏系统的原理、组成和维护范围，为系统的运行提供保障。

系统原理及组成介绍光伏系统是一种利用太阳能进行发电的系统，主要由光伏组件、支架、电气设备等组成。

光伏组件是系统的核心部分，通过将太阳能转化为电能，为系统提供能源。

支架则是光伏组件的支撑结构，起到固定和支撑的作用。

电气设备包括逆变器、电缆等，用于将光伏组件产生的直流电转化为交流电，并将电能输送到电网中。

系统维护范围为保证光伏系统的正常运行，维护人员需要对系统的各个部分进行定期的检查和维护。

具体的维护范围包括结构部分和电气设备部分。

结构部分支架是光伏组件的支撑结构，需要定期检查支架的稳定性和完整性，确保其能够承受各种天气条件下的负荷。

同时，需要清理支架上的杂物和积水，避免对光伏组件的影响。

电气设备部分光伏组件产生的电能需要通过逆变器转化为交流电，并输入到电网中。

维护人员需要定期检查逆变器的运行状态和参数设置，确保其正常运行。

同时，需要检查电缆的接头和绝缘状况，避免电缆老化和漏电等问题的出现。

3.2.3 直流汇流箱的维护直流汇流箱是太阳能电站中一个重要的组件，其维护对于电站的正常运行至关重要。

在维护过程中，需要注意以下几点：1.定期检查直流汇流箱内部的电气连接，确保连接牢固，没有松动现象。

2.检查直流汇流箱外部的密封性能，确保其能够有效防止雨水、灰尘等杂物进入箱内。

3.定期清洁直流汇流箱的外部和内部，确保其表面干净，内部无积尘。

3.2.4 交直流配电柜的维护交直流配电柜是太阳能电站中将直流电转换成交流电的重要设备，其维护对于电站的正常运行至关重要。

在维护过程中，需要注意以下几点：1.定期检查交直流配电柜内部的电气连接，确保连接牢固，没有松动现象。

2.检查交直流配电柜外部的密封性能，确保其能够有效防止雨水、灰尘等杂物进入箱内。

绿色太阳能Cedar系列光伏模块安装与使用手册说明书

259 Cedar Hill Street, Marlboro, MA 01752 USATL: 508.357.2221 FX: 508.357.2279 E V E R G R E E N S O L A RC ED A R P H O T O V O L T A I C M O D U LE S E C -50 S E R I E S & E C -100 S E R I E SI N S T A L L A T I O N A N D O P E R A T I O N M A N U A LPlease read this manual completely before installing or using Evergreen Solar’s Cedar photovoltaic (PV, solar electric) modules. S a f e t y P r e c a u t i o n sPhotovoltaic modules produce DC electricity when exposed to light and therefore can produce an electrical shock or burn. Modules produce voltage even when not connected to an electrical circuit or load. Modules produce nearly full voltage when exposed to as little as 5% of full sunlight, and both current and power increase with light intensity. Use insulated tools and rubber gloves when working with modules in sunlight.PV modules have no on/off switch. Modules can be rendered inoperative only by removing them from sunlight, or by fully covering their front surface with cloth, cardboard, or other completely opaquematerial, or by working with modules face down on a smooth, flat surface.Modules can produce higher output than the rated specifications. Industry standard ratings are made at conditions of 1000 watts/m 2 and 25°C celltemperature. Reflection from snow or water can increase sunlight and therefore boost current and power. In addition, colder temperatures can substantially increase voltage and power.Evergreen Solar modules are constructed withtempered glass, but still must be handled with care. If the front glass is broken or if the polymer backskin is torn, contact with any module surface or the frame can produce electrical shock, particularly when themodule is wet. Broken or damaged modules must be disposed of properly.Cedar PV modules are intended for use in terrestrial applications only, thus excluding aerospace ormaritime conditions or use with sunlight concentration.C o d e s a n d R e g u l a t i o n sThe mechanical and electrical installation of PV systems should be performed in accordance with all applicable codes, including electrical codes, building codes, and electric utility interconnect requirements. Such requirements may vary for mounting location, such as building rooftop, marine, or motor vehicleapplications. Requirements may also vary with system voltage, and for DC or AC application. Contact local authorities for governing regulations. In the U.S., all installations should conform to the National Electrical Code (NEC), including Article 690 on Solar Photovoltaic Systems and all other appropriate articles and sections.M e c h a n i c a l I n s t a l l a t i o nModules may be mounted at any angle from a vertical orientation to a horizontal one. The appropriate fixed tilt angle and azimuth orientation should be used in order to maximize the exposure to sunlight. If a variable-orientation tracking system is used, themodules must never be oriented beyond vertical (with the junction box up), even when stowed. Modules should be bolted to support structures through mounting holes located in the frame’s back flanges only. Four 1/4-inch stainless steel bolts, with nuts, washers, and lock washers, are recommended for module mounting. Creation of additional holes for mounting is not recommended and will invalidate the warranty.The modules are designed for a maximum allowable design pressure of 50 pounds per square foot, which may correspond to a nominal wind speed of approxi-mately 125 mph in certain circumstances. Actualmaximum allowable wind speed may be influenced by module type, mounting configuration, location, and other factors. In no case should modules be exposedto pressures greater than 50 pounds per square foot of uniformly distributed wind, snow, or other loading. Care should be taken to avoid mounting modules in areas that are prone to drifting snow, icicle and/or ice dam formation. For example, a module mounted with its edge located directly above an overhanging roof eve is likely to be subjected to ice dam formation. The weight of an ice dam or icicle can easily exceed the allowable 50 pounds per square foot of uniformly distributed load.A clearance of four inches or more behind the modules is recommended to permit air circulation and cooler module operation. Elevated temperatures lower operating voltage and shorten module lifetime. Clearance of 1/4 inch or more between modules is required to allow for thermal expansion of the frames.E l e c t r i c a l I n s t a l l a t i o nModules should be mounted to maximize direct exposure to sunlight and to eliminate or minimize shadowing. Even partial shadowing can substantially reduce module and system output. Furthermore, partial shadowing can elevate the shaded portion’s internal temperature, which may lower output and shorten module life. Bypass diodes should be installed according to the instructions in the following sections. Blocking diodes should be installed in series with each module or series string to prevent possible back flow of energy through the module(s) when modules or strings are connected in parallel or used in conjunction with a battery.Whenever necessary to comply with local codes, use a listed fuse or circuit breaker, rated for the maximum series fuse rating of the module and the system voltage.All electrical components should have ratings equal or greater to the system rating. Do not exceed the maximum allowable system voltage as listed on the module label.All module frames should be grounded for safety. The module frame is provided with grounding holes that accommodate self-tapping screws. A #10 stainless steel tapping screw is recommended.Under normal conditions, a photovoltaic module may experience conditions that produce more currentand/or voltage than reported at Standard Test Conditions. Accordingly, the values of short circuit current, Isc, and open circuit voltage, Voc, marked on UL-listed modules should be multiplied by a factor of 1.25 when determining component voltage ratings, conductor capacities, fuse sizes, and size of controls connected to the module output. In the U.S., refer to Section 690-8 of the National Electric Code for an additional multiplying factor of 1.25, which may be applicable.Rated electrical characteristics are within 10 percent of measured values at Standard Test Conditions of: 1000 W/m2 , 25°C cell temperature and solar spectral irradiance per ASTM E 892.M o d u l e s w i t h Q u i c k C o n n e c t o r sCedar Line modules are optionally available with factory-installed wires and quick connectors. These modules have been designed to be easily intercon-nected in series. Each module has two single-conductor wires, one positive and one negative, that are pre-wired inside the junction box. The connectors at the opposite end of these wires allow easy series connection of adjacent modules by firmly inserting the male connector of a module into the female connector of an adjacent module until the connector is fully seated.A separate return wire or wires may be required to run the positive and negative terminations of the series string of modules to the load. Male and/or female connectors pre-attached to wires may be used at the string terminations for return wire connections and/or for source circuit box terminations. Modules with factory-installed quick connectors also have bypass diodes installed.M o d u l e s w i t h o u t Q u i c k C o n n e c t o r s Alternatively, wiring can be done directly within the junction box. The junction box includes a wiring terminal strip with six terminals. In addition, each terminal includes two screws: top (toward the lid hinge) and bottom.If wiring is to be done inside the junction box, open the lid of the junction box by loosening the single, captive screw. The lid is designed to remain open during wiring. The lid is not designed to be removed from the module, and does not require a gasket. Do not over-tighten the lid screw when securing.It is recommended that the top screws of the terminals be reserved for the flat jumpers, bypass diodes, or blocking diodes, and that the output wiring remainattached to the terminal’s bottom screws. In this way,the thin leads of the diodes will not be matched with the thicker power wiring, which might lead to poor electrical contact.EC-50 Series modules, EC-47/51/55, are factory-wired for 12-volt nominal operation and are not intended to be reconfigured for other voltages. It is recommended that bypass diodes be installed, especially if the modules are connected in a series string. The diodes should be rated at 6 amps and at or above the system voltage rating. Such diodes should be installed one every 18 cells, as shown in the following diagram.EC-100 Series modules, EC-94/102/110/115, can be wired for 12-volt or 24-volt operation by moving the jumpers and diodes, as shown in the following diagram. It is recommended that bypass diodes be installed, especially if the modules are connected in a series string. The diodes should be rated at or above the system voltage rating. Such diodes should be installed one every 36 cells, as shown in the following diagram.In 12-volt mode, the six terminals include two positive terminals, two negative terminals, and two spare terminals. In the 12-volt configuration, the two positive terminals are electrically equivalent, and either one can be used for power wiring; similarly for the two negative terminals. In 24-volt mode (EC-100 Series modules only), the middle two terminals should not be used for power wiring, only for jumpers and diodes.O p e r a t i o n a n d M a i n t e n a n c e Inspect the modules periodically for damage to glass, backskin, or frame. Check electrical connections for loose connections and corrosion.PV modules can operate effectively without ever being washed, although removal of dirt from the front glass can increase output. The glass can be washed with a wet sponge or cloth. Wear rubber gloves for electrical insulation.Note: This document may be provided in multiple languages. If there is a conflict among versions, the English language version dominates.Electrical RatingsEC-47 EC-51 EC-55 EC-94 EC-102 EC-110 EC-115 Pp W 47 51 55 94 102 110 115Vp V 16.0 16.2 16.5 15.931.8 16.2 32.416.4 32.7 16.5 33.0 Ip A 2.94 3.15 3.33 5.91 2.96 6.30 3.15 6.72 3.366.97 3.48Voc V 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.040.020.0 40.020.0 40.0 20.040.0 Isc A 3.58 3.70 3.79 7.29 3.657.49 3.757.67 3.84 7.71 3.86 Cells 36 36 36 72 72 72 72 Max. Series Fuse 15 ANote: EC-94, EC-102, EC-110 and EC-115 have field-selectable voltage. Minimum Specified Power Rating is 90% of above power rating.All modules are factory-inspected to produce at least 96% of above power rating。

太阳能光伏电站操作使用手册

太阳能光伏电站操作使用手册资料来源：河南华阳能源发电科技有限公司目录一：太阳能光伏电站系统 (1)1.1系统的工作原理 (1)1.2系统的组成 (1)1.3主要部件的功能 (1)1.3.1太阳能电池板 (1)1.3.2防反充二极管 (2)1.3.3蓄电池 (2)1.3.4控制器 (2)1.3.4逆变器 (3)二：太阳能光伏发电系统的安装 (4)2.1组件及组件阵列安装 (4)2.1.1一般安装 (4)2.2连接导线 (4)2.3蓄电池的安装 (5)2.4逆变，控制器的安装 (5)2.5负载选择 (5)2.6一台新的家用太阳能光伏电源系统安装并开始使用时必须注意的事项： (5)三：光伏发电系统的操作使用 (6)3.1用电指导 (6)3.2光伏电站供电的操作使用 (6)3.2.1控制柜的操作使用 (6)3.2.2逆变器的操作使用 (10)四：太阳能光伏发电系统管理维护 (10)4.1独立型太阳能光伏电站管理 (10)4.1.1人员配置 (10)4.1.2值班制度 (10)4.1.3交接班制度 (11)4.1.4生产管理 (11)4.1.4.5电站应制订必要的奖罚制度 (11)4.2太阳能电池方阵维护管理 (11)4.2.1太阳能电池采光面 (11)4.2.2太阳能电池板周边环境 (12)4.2.3太阳能电池板的安装 (12)4.2.4太阳能电池板支架检查 (12)4.2.5太阳能电池板参数检测 (12)4.2.6外界的环境影响 (12)4.2.7太阳能部件的接头的检测和处理 (12)4.3蓄电池组维护管理 (12)4.3.1蓄电池的工作环境 (12)4.3.2电池安装 (13)4.3.3日常检查与维护 (13)4.3.4技术保安 (13)4.4逆变器维护管理 (14)4.4.1逆变器操作使用 (14)4.4.2逆变器维护检修 (14)4.5配电柜的布局图及其操作方式 (15)4.5.1配电柜的布局图形。

太阳能充电器操作指南说明书

Installation andoperating instructionsSolar charge controller 10 A / 15 A / 20 A / 30 A1. About this manualThese operating instructions are part of the product.X Read these operating instructions carefully before use,X keep them over the entire lifetime of the product,X and pass them on to any future owner or user of this product.1.1 ApplicabilityThis manual describes the installation, function, operation and maintenance of the solar charge controller.Further technical information is provided in a separate technical manual.1.2 UsersThese operating instructions are intended for end customers. A technical expert must be consulted in cases of uncertainty.1.3. Description of symbolsSafety instructions are identified as follows:Type, source and consequences of the danger!X Measures for avoiding dangerInstructions relating to the functional safety of the system are in bold type.2. Safety2.1 Proper usageThe solar charge controller may only be used in PV systems for charging and controlling lead-acid batteries in accordance with this operating manual and the charging specifi-cations of the battery manufacturer.2.2 Improper usageNo energy source other than a solar generator may be connected to the solar charge controller. No mains devices, diesel generators or wind generators may be connected. Do not connect any defective or damaged measuring equipment.2.3 General safety instructionsX Follow the general and national safety and accident prevention regulations.X Never alter or remove the factory plates and identification labels.X Keep children away from PV systems.X Never open the device.2.4 Other risksDanger of fire and explosionX Do not use the solar charge controller in dusty environments, in the vicinity of solvents or where inflammable gases and vapours can occur.X No open fires, flames or sparks in the vicinity of the batteries.X Ensure that the room is adequately ventilated.X Check the charging process regularly.X Follow the charging instructions of the battery manufacturer.Battery acidX Acid splashes on skin or clothing should be immediately treated with soap suds and rinsed with plenty of water.X If acid splashes into the eyes, immediately rinse with plenty of water. Seek medical advice.2.5 Fault behaviourOperating the solar charge controller is dangerous in the following situations:• The solar charge controller does not appear to function at all.• The solar charge controller or connected cables are visibly damaged.• Emission of smoke or fluid penetration.• When parts are loose.X In these cases immediately remove the solar charge controller from the solarmodules and battery.3. Description3.1 FunctionsThe solar charge controller• monitors the state of charge of the battery bank, • controls the charging process,• controls the connection/disconnection of loads.This optimises battery use and significantly extends its service life.A battery charging algorithm protects the battery from harmful states. Activation of the three deep discharge functions (LVW, LVD and LVR) is dependent upon the state of charge (SOC). The switching thresholds lie within the corresponding voltage window in accordance with the discharge or charging current.3.2 Construction3.3LED displaysThe solar charge controller consists of the following components:1. info LED2. 4 LEDs for displaying the state of charge (red, yellow, green 1 and green 2)3. terminal block for connecting the solar module4. terminal block for connecting the battery5. terminal block for connecting the loads loads4. InstallationDanger of explosion from sparking! Danger of electric shock!X The solar charge controller may only be connected to the local loads and the bat-tery by trained personnel and in accordance with the applicable regulations.X Follow the installation and operating instructions for all components of the PV sys-tem.X Ensure that no cables are damaged.4.1 Mounting the solar charge controller4.1.1 Mounting location requirements• Do not mount the solar charge controller outdoors or in wet rooms.• Do not subject the solar charge controller to direct sunshine or other sources of heat.• Protect the solar charge controller from dirt and moisture.• Mount upright on the wall (concrete) on a non-flammable substrate.• Maintain a minimum clearance of 10 cm below and around the device to ensure unhindered air circulation.• Mount the solar charge controller as close as possible to the batteries (with a safety clearance of at least 30 cm).4.1.2 Fastening the solar charge controllerX Mark the position of the solar charge controller fastening holes on the wall.X Drill 4 Ø 6 mm holes and insert dowels.X Fasten the solar charge controller to the wall with the cable openings facing down-wards, using 4 oval head screws M4x40 (DIN 7996).4.2 Connection4.2.1 Preparing the wiringThe cross section of the connection cable depends on the power output of the solar charge controller.The table above applies to the following cable lengths:• 10 m solar module connection cable• 2 m battery connection cable• 5 m load connection cableConsult a dealer if the specified cable lengths are inadequate.An additional external fuse (not provided) must be connected to the battery con-nection cable, close to the battery pole.The external fuse prevents cable short circuits. A 40 A fuse can be used for all controller types.4.2.2 ConnectionDanger of explosion from sparking! Danger of electric shock!Solar modules generate electricity under incident light. The full voltage is present, even when the incident light levels are low.X Protect the solar modules from incident light during installation, e.g. cover them. X Never touch uninsulated cable ends. X Use only insulated tools.X Ensure that all loads to be connected are switched off. If necessary, remove thefuse. X Connections must always be made in the sequence described below.1st step: Connect the batteryX Label the battery connection cables as a plus cable (A+) and aminus cable (A–).X Lay the battery cables in parallel between the solar charge control-ler and the battery.Xterminals on the solar charge controller (with the battery symbol). X If necessary, remove any external fuse.X Connect battery connection cable A+ to the positive pole of the battery. X Connect battery connection cable A– to the negative pole of the battery. X Replace the external fuse in the battery connection cable.X If the connection polarity is correct, the info LED illuminates green.2nd step: Connect the solar moduleX Ensure that the solar module is protected from incident light. X Ensure that the solar module does not exceed the maximum per-missible input current.X Label the solar module connection cables as a plus cable (M+) anda minus cable (M–).X Lay both solar module connection cables in parallel between the solar module andthe solar charge controller.X First connect the M+ solar module connection cable to the correct pole of the leftpair of terminals on the solar charge controller (with the solar module symbol), then connect the M– cable.X Remove the covering from the solar module.Connection sequence1. battery2. solar module3. loads3rd step: Connect loadsNotes• Connect loads that must not be deactivated by the solar chargecontroller deep discharge protection, e.g. emergency lights or radioconnection, directly to the battery.• Loads with a higher current consumption than the device outputcan be directly connected to the battery. However, the solar chargecontroller deep discharge protection will no longer intervene. Loadsconnected in this manner must also be separately fused.X Label the load connection cables as a plus cable (L+) and a minus cable (L–).X Lay the load connection cables in parallel between the solar charge controller and the loadX First connect the L+ load cable to the correct pole of the right pair of terminals on the solar charge controller (with the lamp symbol), then connect the L– cable.X Replace the load fuse or switch on the load.4th step: Final workX Fasten all cables with strain relief in the direct vicinity of the solar charge controller (clearance of approx. 10 cm).4.2.3 GroundingThe components in stand-alone systems do not have to be grounded – this is not stand-ard practice or may be prohibited by national regulations (e.g.: DIN 57100 Part 410: Prohibition of grounding protective low voltage circuits). Consult the technical manual for more information.4.2.4 Lightning protectionIn systems subjected to an increased risk of overvoltage damage, we recommend installing additional lightning protection / overvoltage protection to reduce dropouts. Consult the technical manual for more detailed information.5. OperationThe solar charge controller immediately begins operation once the battery is connected or the external fuse is inserted.The displays of the solar charge controller show the current operating mode. User intervention or user settings are not required.Protection functionsThe following integrated protection functions of the solar charge controller ensure that the battery is handled as gently as possible.The following protection functions are part of the basic function of the controller:• Overcharge protection• Deep discharge protection• Battery undervoltage protection• Solar module reverse current protectionThe following installation faults do not destroy the controller. After correcting the fault, the device will continue to operate correctly:• Protection from solar module short circuits / incorrect solar module polarity1)• Protection from short circuits at the load output or excessive load current• Protection from battery connection with incorrect polarity• Protection from solar module overcurrent• Protection from device overtemperature• Protection from overvoltage at the load output• Protection from the wrong connection sequence1) The reverse-polarity protection of the solar module in a 24 V system is only provided up to an open-circuit module voltage of 36 V.6. MaintenanceThe solar charge controller is maintenance-free.All components of the PV system must be checked at least annually, according to the specifications of the respective manufacturers.X Ensure adequate ventilation of the cooling element.X Check the cable strain relief.X Check that all cable connections are secure.X Tighten screws if necessary.X Terminal corrosion7.Faults and remediesLoad cannot be operated+info LED flashes red+2. green LED flashes • load output is switched offdue to excessive batteryvoltagethe load output automaticallyswitched on again as soon asthe battery voltage lies withinthe permissible range• incorrect grounding X check the grounding• external charging source isnot voltage-limitedX check the external chargingsourceX if necessary, switch off exter-nal charging sourcesLoad cannot be operated+info LED illumi-nates green • defective load or installationerrorX connect load correctlyX replace loadBattery is not charged • solar module not connected X connect the solar module • solar module connected withincorrect polarityX connect the solar modulewith the correct polarity• short circuit at solar moduleinputX correct the cause of the shortcircuit• incorrect solar modulevoltageX use a solar module of thespecified voltage• solar module defective X replace the solar moduleBattery display jumps quickly • large pulse current X tune the current consump-tion to match the batterycapacity• battery is defective X replace the battery8. T echnical dataNOTE:Technical data that varies from the above is given on a device label. Subject to change without notice.*If the battery voltage is less than 9 V, the controller switches off and cannot recharge the battery itself, even if sufficient power is available from the module.9. Legal guaranteeAccording to the German legal requirements, for this product the customer has a2 year legal guarantee.The seller will remove all manufacturing and material faults that occur in the product during the legal guarantee period and affect the correct functioning of the product. Natural wear and tear does not constitute a malfunction. Legal guarantee does not apply if the fault can be attributed to third parties, unprofessional installation or com-missioning, incorrect or negligent handling, improper transport, excessive loading, use of improper equipment, faulty construction work, unsuitable construction location or improper operation or use. Legal guarantee claims shall only be accepted if notification of the fault is provided immediately after it is discovered Legal guarantee claims are to be directed to the seller.The seller must be informed before legal guarantee claims are processed. For processing a legal guarantee claim an exact fault description and the invoice / delivery note must be provided.The seller can choose to fulfil the legal guarantee either by repair or replacement. If the product can neither be repaired nor replaced, or if this does not occur within a suitable period in spite of the specification of an extension period in writing by the customer, the reduction in value caused by the fault shall be replaced, or, if this is not sufficient taking the interests of the end customer into consideration, the contract is cancelled. Any further claims against the seller based on this legal guarantee obligation, in particular claims for damages due to lost profit, loss-of-use or indirect damages are excluded, unless liability is obligatory by German law.。

太阳能光伏汇流箱操作说明

PVS-16M光伏阵列汇流箱使用手册合肥阳光电源有限公司 ● PVS-16M-3A-C-Ver10-200910 ● 版本:1.0目录1. 符号解释 (1)2. 安全说明 (2)3. 简介 (3)4. 基本结构 (4)5. 安装与使用 (5)6. 技术数据 (11)7. 附录 (12)7.1. 质量保证 (12)7.2. 联系我们 (12)合肥阳光电源有限公司PVS-16M16汇流箱使用手册11. 符号解释为了更好的使用本手册，请仔细阅读以下符号说明。

警告!此符号标识对于如果不当操作则可能对用户的安全产生危险和(或)可能造成重大硬件损坏的注意事项或者说明。

说明! 此符号标识使得系统良好工作所需的重要注意事项。

合肥阳光电源有限公司PVS-16M16汇流箱使用手册22. 安全说明安装前请仔细阅读本手册，若未按本手册中的说明进行安装而出现设备损坏，本公司有权不进行质量保证。

警告！所有的操作和接线请专业电气或机械工程师操作。

警告！安装时，除了接线端子外，请不要动机箱内部的其它部分。

警告！所有的操作和接线必须符合所在国和当地的相关标准要求。

警告！白天安装光伏组件时，应用不透光的材料遮住光伏组件，否则在太阳光下，光伏组件会产生很高的电压，可能导致电击危险。

合肥阳光电源有限公司3.简介对于大型光伏并网发电系统，为了减少光伏组件与逆变器之间连接线，方便维护，提高可靠性，一般需要在光伏组件与逆变器之间增加直流汇流装置。

本公司的光伏阵列防雷汇流箱系列产品就是为了满足这一要求而特别设计的，可与本公司的光伏逆变器产品相配套组成完整的光伏发电系统解决方案。

使用光伏汇流箱，用户可以根据逆变器输入的直流电压范围，把一定数量的规格相同的光伏组件串联组成1个光伏组件串列，再将若干个串列接入光伏阵列防雷汇流箱，通过防雷器与断路器后输出，方便了后级逆变器的接入。

建议用户在安装及使用时遵守必要的安全规范，为了保证人身安全与降低危险性，用户需要遵守手册中提到的安全措施。

光伏电站专业运维手册

1、概况由于光伏电站不同的运行环境，为了能够使光伏发电系统更安全、更稳定的运行，提高发电效率，增加用户收益，特编制本运维手册，以便于有一定专业知识人员在条件允许的情况下对电站进行适当维护。

2、设备责任制度设备责任制度以逆变器为单元划分方阵设备，幵将方阵设备责任划分到个人，由每人负责一片区域的方阵设备，确保其负责的设备正常运行。

1 片区负责人应主导负责片区巡视、消缺工作，其他运维人员配合；2 片区负责人应对片区内设备现场发现的问题及时汇报值长；3、日常巡检计划及维护规则3.1日常巡检计划3.1.1巡回检查制度巡回检查是保证设备正常运行、减少设备故障的必要工作，因此光伏电站应落实巡回检查制度。

环消缺制度如右图所示：3.1.3巡检专业工具1、光伏组件应定期检查，不应出现以下情况：1）光伏组件存在玻璃破碎、背板灼焦、明显的颜色变化（热斑现象）；2）光伏组件中存在与组件边缘或任何电路之间形成连通通道的气泡；3）光伏组件接线盒变形、扭曲、开裂或烧毁，接线端子无法良好连接。

2、光伏组件上的带电警告标识不得丢失。

3、使用金属边框的光伏组件，边框和支架应结合良好。

4、使用金属边框的光伏组件，边框必须牢固接地，边框或支架对地电阻应不大于4Ω。

5、对于接入分布式光伏运维云服务平台的电站，组件可通过在线巡检，实时监控组件运行状态，在发现组件故障后配合现场检修。

对于未接入平台的电站，组件巡检周期一般为1个月，一次巡检组件数量不低于1/4。

3.2.1.2非电气部分1、光伏系统应与建筑主体结构连接牢固，在台风、暴雨等恶劣的自然天气过后应普查光伏方阵的方位角及倾角，使其符合设计要求。

2、光伏方阵整体不应有变形、错位、松动。

3、用于固定光伏方阵的植筋或后置螺栓不应松动；采取预制基座安装的光伏方阵，预制基座应放置平稳、整齐，位置不得移动。

4、光伏方阵的主要受力构件、连接构件和连接螺栓不应损坏、松动，焊缝不应开焊，金属材料的防锈涂膜应完整。

SUNTECH 光伏组件安装指南说明书

晒措施（料场遮阳），并固定住整托组件，避免到倒塌。现场组件如需吊装，须检查一下包装是否破坏，如没有破坏，可兜住托盘底部进行吊装，如被破坏则用其他方式转运。
拆包后的组件存放，须注意：现场临时放置组件时，组件正面朝下放置在平整的表面上，必须使用软性材料加以缓冲，如纸板、泡沫纸等材料，且多
块组件摆放，需上下四角位置一致，严禁任何错位。需要组件斜立在墙面，尽量使组件的两条长边完全与地面和墙面接触，在接触位置放置海绵等柔软物品，最多叠放组件
始终遵守组件支架的说明指导和安全防范措施。
请勿尝试在组置在支撑结构上。
将组件安装于屋顶前，请确保屋顶的结构合理。另外，任何需要安装组件的屋顶必须密封处理防止漏水。
将组件安装于立柱上时，选择的立柱和组件支撑结构必须可以承受当地可能的风载荷。
请避免较小倾斜角，否则会引起灰尘积聚在支架边缘的玻璃。
块。严禁将组件靠着支架，或用木板抵挡背面，易导致组件受损。禁止一切外力及外物对组件玻璃单点进行撞击及磕碰，以防止组件爆裂。
版本
不规范的组件存放将导致尚德质保失效。
操作安全
请勿抓住组件接线盒或引出线提起组件。请勿站在或踩在组件上。请勿使组件掉落或使物体坠落于组件上。请避免玻璃碎裂。请勿在组件上放置任何重物或尖锐物体。组件要轻拿轻放。禁止直接用手搬运双玻无框组件，须用四个或四个以上的吸盘搬运，保证组件受力均匀。组件的搬运过程中须注意路面状况，不恰当的搬运、运输或安装可能损坏组件并使质保无效。组件安装时如需抬高，禁止安装人员站在组件下方。请勿尝试拆解组件及组件上的任何铭牌或元件。请勿在组件玻璃或背板上使用油漆或粘合剂。为避免损坏背板，请勿刮擦、撞击背板。面板放于任何平面均要轻拿轻放，特别是将其放在角落时。面板上的玻璃破损或背板损坏时将无法修复，禁止使用此类面板，因为接触此类面板平面或支架将导致触电。只能在干燥环境中作业，且只能使用干燥的工具。请勿在未佩戴任何保护措施的条件下在潮湿的环境中作业。如需在户外将未安装的组件存放一段时间，须始终遮盖组件并保证玻璃面向下，防止组件内部积水和连接器的损坏。

光伏电站运维手册

光伏电站运维手册This model paper was revised by the Standardization Office on December 10, 2020招标文件第三卷【技术文件】说明1、本技术文件中，薄膜电池组件有关要求不适用于本项目，在本项目中不允许使用薄膜电池组件。

目录光伏扶贫技术指南(供参考)安徽省发展改革委安徽省能源局安徽省电力公司户用光伏电站使用手册（供参考）目录本手册主要针对5kWp以下分布式电站用户日常维护之用，请用户严格遵守。

一、注意事项1、配电装置上如有此种标识位置，请勿触摸，以免发生触电危险。

2、用户切勿拆卸设备及配电装置，以免发生危险。

3、当紧急情况发生或者家用电网检修改造时，应先断开空气开关，再断开断路器；当紧急情况解决或者检修改造完成后，先闭合断路器，再闭合空气开关。

图示如下：4、切勿在光伏组件上或阵列南面（前面）晾晒衣服和其他物品，以免造成触电危险或火宅，且阴影遮挡会影响发电量，降低自身发电收益。

5、及时清理光伏组件表面脏污，如遇下雪天，雪后要及时清理光伏组件覆盖的大雪，以便提高发电量，增加发电收益。

6、看管好家中的小朋友，切勿在光伏阵列附近玩耍，以免造成危险。

7、切勿敲打钢架、光伏组件、设备等发电设施，禁止在组件的玻璃和边框上打孔，以免造成发电系统损坏，影响发电量，降低自身发电收益。

8、请勿在组件及支架周围倾倒、泼洒有毒、有害及腐蚀性物品。

二、日常维护1、建议定期（至少一周）对电站进行例行巡视检查，如发现下面问题，请及时联系电站管理人员：1)光伏组件有破损、灼烧痕迹、明显的颜色变化、气泡、电池片碎裂、玻璃碎裂，边框破损等情况；2)支架有歪斜、松动，防腐涂层出现开裂、脱落等现象；3)逆变器红色（故障）指示灯常亮，则设备出现故障；4)逆变器运行时有较大震动和异常噪声等；5)电缆有膨胀、龟裂、破损等现象。

2、上午6：00（夏）、7：00（冬）前，用干净潮湿柔软棉布或海绵清理光伏组件上的灰尘及污垢，严禁使用含碱，酸的清洁剂清洗组件。

晶科能源太阳能光伏组件安装手册说明书

目录1.基本信息 (3)1.1概述 (3)1.2警告 (3)2. 安装 (5)2.1 安装安全 (5)2.2 安装条件选择 (6)2.2.1 气候条件 (6)2.2.2 安装地点选择 (6)2.2.3 倾斜角的选择 (7)2.3安装方法介绍 (7)2.3.1 螺栓安装 (8)2.3.2 压块安装 (10)2.3.2.1 压块安装的不同安装方式 (12)3. 接线和连接 (16)4. 维护和保养 (18)4.1 外观检查 (18)4.2 清洁 (18)4.3 连接器和电缆线的检查 (19)5. 电气特性 (19)6. 免责申明 (19)1.基本信息1.1概述首先感谢您选择使用晶科能源股份有限公司的太阳能光伏组件（下文用“组件”替代），为了正确地安装和获得稳定的电力输出，安装、接线及维护组件前必须阅读并理解所有的安装指导说明。

请记住您使用的是一款发电产品，因此为了避免意外事故的发生，需要采用相应的安全措施。

组件应用等级：II级（IEC61730:2016）；A级（IEC61730:2004）。

1.2 警告注意事项●当组件暴露在太阳光或者其他光源下，组件内有直流电流产生，与组件的带电部分接触（如端子）接触不当会导致灼伤、火花和电击的危险；●组件的正面玻璃具有保护组件的作用，破损的组件会导致电气安全隐患（电击或火灾），这样的组件无法修复，应该立即拆除和更换；●组件的背面玻璃破损（双面光伏组件）也会导致电气安全问题，且与单面组件一样，破损玻璃无法修复，必须立即断开连接并更换组件；●参数表是在标准测试条件（辐照度1000W/m2，组件温度25℃，大气质量1.5）下测得，不同环境下组件产生的电流和电压与参数表中列出的有所不同，因此，在确定光伏发电系统中其它部件的额定电压、电缆容量、保险丝容量、控制器容量等和其它与输出功率相关的参数时，以1.25倍的组件铭牌上短路电流和开路电压值作为参考，并咨询您的逆变器/控制器供应商进行系统配置设计;●在所有的运送过程中，请确保运输工具的平稳，组件不会受到大的震动，否则可能会损坏组件或者导致组件内电池片的隐裂；●当负载工作时，不要擅自断开组件的连接；如果需要断开连接器，必须先关闭直流和交流转换器或断开汇流箱总开关；●当蓄电池储能系统与光伏系统连接时，必须正确安装蓄电池，以保护系统运行及确保用户安全；请遵照蓄电池生产商关于安装的指导说明、运行和维护的建议。

太阳能光伏电站操作使用手册

光伏系统产品说明说明书

Specifications are subject to change without notice (14.08.2017)1PhotoelectricsSmall through beam photo elec t ric switch. Range up to 50 m. 3 beam angles.Wa t erproof, for dirtyen v i ronment, i.e. water, dust, steam etc. To be used with amplifiers series S142. S143. 15 m shield e d cable, PVC. Ø 10 x 42 mm polycarbo n ate or M12 or M14 stainless s teel housing. Straight op t i c al axis.Product De s crip t ionType SelectionHousingRated Optical Ordering no.: Ordering no.: diameteroperating angle Emitter Receiverdist. (S n )Ø 10 mm 2° MOFR 5° MOFR-5 8° MOFR-8 20 m 2° MOFT 20 20 m 5° MOFT 20-520 m 8° MOFT 20-8 50 m 2° MOFT 50M12 2° MOFR-M12-2 5° MOFR-M12-5 8° MOFR-M12-820 m 2° MOFT 20-M12-2 20 m 5° MOFT 20-M12-5 20 m 8° MOFT 20-M12-850 m2°MOFT 50-M12-2M14 8° MOFR-M14-820 m 8° MOFT 20-M14-8• Built-in lens: 2°, 5° or 8°• Range: 20 m or 50 m • Modulated infrared light• High immunity to ambient light• For amplifier series S142. and S143.• Degree of protection IP 66/IP 67• For harsh environment • High penetration power • 15 m shielded PVC cable• Ø 10 mm polycarbonate housing or M12 or M14 stainless steelTypes MOFT, MOFRThrough-beam for Separate Amplifier Specifications Emitter2Specifications are subject to change without notice (14.08.2017)MOFT, MOFRWiring DiagramsDimensions8° types2° and 5° typesSpecifications are subject to change without notice (14.08.2017)3Delivery Contents• MOFT.. and MOFR• All M12types: 2 pcs. M12 nuts • All M14types: 2 pcs. M14 nuts• Packaging : Plastic bag, emitter and receiver packedseparatelyInstallation HintsRelief of cable strainProtection of the sensing faceSwitch mounted on mobile carrierTo avoid interference from inductive voltage/ current peaks, separate the prox. switch power cables from any other power cables, e.g. motor, contactor or solenoid cablesIncorrectCorrectThe cable should not be pulledA proximity switch should not serve as mechanical stopAny repetitive flexing of the cable should be avoidedMOFT, MOFRAccessories• Mounting bracket MBM01InstallationMounting1) When installing the sensors, make sure that the maximum range is not exceeded and if two separate systems are mounted close to each other place the sensors so crosstalk is avoided.2) To protect the receiver and the transmitter from damage, proper fittings must be used in the installation.3) Connect the receiver and the emitter to the dedicatedterminals on the S142... system.。

最全的分布式光伏电站运维手册

最全的分布式光伏电站运维手册光伏电站系统是由光伏组件（太阳能电池组件）、逆变器、汇流箱、配电箱、支架和连接导线等器件组成。

其中任何一个环节出现问题，都会影响整个电站的正常运行，轻则损失发电量，重则会引起火灾等重大损失。

据统计，光伏电站系统的常见故障中，组件、逆变器、汇流箱等直流侧设备故障占比高达90.18%，电缆、变压器、土建、升压站等交流侧设备故障占比为9.82%。

一、光伏电站系统常见的问题1、质量问题（1）产品设备质量问题：主要有光伏组件翻新、功率虚标、太阳能电池板以次充好、衰减严重；逆变器输出功率不足、老化；混凝土标号选错、浇筑尺寸不足；支架材料误差大、镀锌层锌量不够；线缆低配、载流量不足；配电设备使用混乱、元器件不符合标准等。

（2）施工安装质量问题：主要有施工安装过程中基础振捣不到位，钢筋笼绑扎不标准，支架螺栓安装节点不到位，线缆连接不规范、接触不良、虚接，组件安装不规范造成隐裂等。

2、日常管理（1）遮挡：主要有光伏阵列间遮挡以及建筑物（墙面、烟囱）、高压线、天线、基站、栏杆、太阳能热水器、树木和杂草遮挡等。

由于一块光伏组件的其中一块太阳能电池都会对整组组串的功率输出造成很大的影响。

遮挡最典型的后果是热斑效应和腐蚀效应。

热斑效应是指光伏组件遮挡的部分内部升温远超过未遮挡的部分，容易形成热斑，使组件烧坏，缩短组件的使用寿命，降低发电效率；腐蚀效应是指空气中的粉尘吸附大气中呈酸碱性的有害物质落在太阳能电池板上腐蚀其表面，还有引起阳光在表面形成漫反射，降低发电量。

（2）灰尘与积雪：灰尘就是悬浮在空气的微粒，来源于汽车尾气、工业污染、土壤扬尘等。

光伏组件安装在室外表面很容易沾染灰尘，不仅是灰尘，还有鸟粪、沙土、植物树叶、建筑溅渍、油污等，都会影响光伏组件发电效率。

同样的，雪落在光伏组件上也会变成阴影遮挡，造成光伏发电量损失。

当组件局部被遮挡时，被遮挡部分电池片的电流将低于其他电池片。

被遮挡部分还会成为电源的负载，将电能转换为热能并产生高温，发生“热斑效应”。

太阳能光伏电站的操作使用手册

4.6 配电柜和测量控制柜的维护管理.................................................. 25 4.6.1 配电柜和测量控制柜的操作................................................ 25 4.6.2 值班人员对配电柜的巡回检测的内容................................ 25 4.6.3 配电柜检修内容.................................................................... 26 4.6.4 值班人员的工作.................................................................... 26 4.6.5 测量控制柜的维护管理应注意的问题：............................ 26 4.6.6 安全使用................................................................................ 26
1.3.1 太阳能电池板.......................................................................... 7 1.3.2 防反充二极管......................................................................... 8 1.3.3 蓄电池...................................................................................... 8 1.3.4 控制器...................................................................................... 9 1.3.4 逆变器................................................................................... 10 二：太阳能光伏发电系统的安装............................................................... 10 2.1 组件及组件阵列安装...................................................................... 11 2.1.1 一般安装................................................................................ 11 2.2 连接导线.......................................................................................... 11 2.3 蓄电池的安装.................................................................................. 12 2.4 逆变，控制器的安装...................................................................... 12 2.5 负载选择.......................................................................................... 12 2.6 一台新的家用太阳能光伏电源系统安装并开始使用时必须注意的事项：................................................................................................. 13 三：光伏发电系统的操作使用................................................................... 13 3.1 用电指导......................................................................................... 13