面结构光三维测量系统的精度研究

华中科技大学

硕士学位论文

面结构光三维测量系统的精度研究

姓名：杜宪

申请学位级别：硕士

专业：材料加工工程

指导教师：王从军

20090522

华中科技大学硕士学位论文

摘要

结构光测量系统在工业检测、人体测量、文物保护和反求工程等众多领域具有广泛的应用前景。国外的面结构光三维测量技术已相对成熟，但设备价格昂贵。国内也有一些单位开展了相关研究，但普遍存在着精度不高、稳定性差等缺点。为此，本文在简要介绍结构光三维测量技术原理的基础上，系统分析了光栅条纹数和数字光栅投影装置的伽马非线性对测量精度的影响，以期进一步提高课题组前期开发的三维测量系统的精度。

面结构光三维测量系统，首先使用相移法和多频外差原理进行稳定高精度的相位计算；然后根据预先标定的系统参数，从得到的相位灰度图重构出被测物体的三维点云数据。

由三维重构过程可知，光栅周期数的增加可以降低立体匹配的误差，本文通过理论推导和实验研究，分析了不同光栅周期数对系统测量精度的影响，并为系统选择了一个最优的光栅周期数。当周期数为110~120时，系统的测量精度最高，滤波后可达0.037mm。

此外，三维重构的精度还与相位计算的精度有关，根据现有研究，投影仪的伽马非线性是相位误差的主要来源。本文分析了不同伽马值和不同条纹周期数的测量精度，发现条纹周期数抑制了伽马非线性，提高了相位计算的精度。

最后，通过分析不同距离的平面精度、拟合标准球直径及距离等测量实验，表明系统的测量精度稳定可靠，绝对测量精度可达0.05mm。

关键词：结构光;光栅周期数;误差;非线性

华中科技大学硕士学位论文

Abstract

Structured Light Measurement System (SLMS) is widely used in many fields such as industrial inspection, human body measurement, Protection of Cultural Relics and reverse engineering etc. In abroad, SLMS is well developped, but they are always expensive. In China, lots of research work has been made on it, but they are poor in accuracy and stability. So, this paper, which is based on a brief introduction of the structured light measurement technology, analyzes the impact of the period number of fringe pattern and gamma non-linear of Digital Projector, attempt to further improve the precision of pre-development measurement system.

In our SLMS, phase-shifting method and multi-frequency heterodyne principle were imployed to obtain phrase gray map, then 3D data could be reconstructed base on the pre-calibrated parameters.

According to the process of 3D reconstruction, we found that the increase of the period number of fringe pattern can reduce the error. So this paper analyzed the relationship between period number of fringe pattern and accuracy through theoretical research and experiments. Then we can conclude that the optimal period number is 110~120 and the SLMS gets the highest precision which is up to 0.037mm after filtering.

In addition, the calculated phase value can also affect the accuracy of 3D reconstruction. According to research, gamma non-linear of projector is the main error source of the phase error. This paper analyzes 3D date by using different gamma values and different the period numbers of fringe pattern, then found that the period number of fringe pattern can inhibit the effect of the gamma non-linear of projector and improved the accuracy of the phase calculation.

Finally, a series of measurement experiment, such as analyses of the accuracy in different distance and fitting diameter and distance of the standard ball, shows that the accuracy of system is stable and repeatability and the absolute measurement accuracy is 0.05mm.

Key words: Structured light; Period number of fringe pattern; Error; Non-linear