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2023亚运会英文词汇

2023亚运会英文词汇摘要：一、亚运会简介1.亚运会历史2.2023年亚运会举办地二、亚运会英文词汇1.比赛项目英文词汇2.比赛场馆英文词汇3.相关组织机构英文词汇三、亚运会对中国的重要性1.提升国际形象2.促进体育产业发展3.激发民众体育热情四、中国备战2023年亚运会的措施1.选拔优秀运动员2.提升运动训练水平3.加强体育文化交流正文：【亚运会简介】亚运会，全称亚洲运动会，是亚洲地区最高水平的综合性运动会，每四年举办一届。

自1951年首届亚洲运动会以来，已经成功举办了18届。

2023年亚运会将于我国杭州举办，这将是杭州历史上首次承办亚运会，也是我国继北京、广州之后第三个举办亚运会的城市。

【亚运会英文词汇】为了更好地了解2023年亚运会，以下是一些与亚运会相关的英文词汇：1.比赛项目英文词汇：Aquatics（游泳）、Archery（射箭）、Athletics（田径）、Badminton （羽毛球）、Baseball（棒球）、Basketball（篮球）、Boxing（拳击）、Canoeing/Kayaking（皮划艇）、Cycling（自行车）、Diving（跳水）、Equestrian（马术）、Fencing（击剑）、Football（足球）、Golf（高尔夫）、Gymnastics（体操）、Handball（手球）、Hockey（曲棍球）、Judo（柔道）、Karate（空手道）、Modern Pentathlon（现代五项）、Rowing（赛艇）、Sailing（帆船）、Shooting（射击）、Table T ennis（乒乓球）、Taekwondo （跆拳道）、Tennis（网球）、Volleyball（排球）、Weightlifting（举重）、Wrestling（摔跤）2.比赛场馆英文词汇：Main Stadium（主体育场）、Aquatics Center（游泳中心）、Archery Field（射箭场）、Athletics Field（田径场）、Badminton Hall（羽毛球馆）、Baseball Field（棒球场）、Basketball Court（篮球场）、Boxing Arena（拳击馆）、Canoeing/Kayaking Course（皮划艇赛道）、Cycling Track（自行车赛道）、Diving Pool（跳水池）、Equestrian Center（马术中心）、Fencing Hall（击剑馆）、Football Field（足球场）、Golf Course（高尔夫球场）、Gymnastics Hall（体操馆）、Handball Court（手球馆）、Hockey Field（曲棍球场）、Judo Hall（柔道馆）、Karate Venue（空手道场馆）、Modern Pentathlon Venue（现代五项赛场）、Rowing Course（赛艇赛道）、Sailing Venue（帆船赛场）、Shooting Range（射击场）、Table Tennis Hall（乒乓球馆）、Taekwondo Venue（跆拳道场馆）、Tennis Court（网球场）、Volleyball Court（排球场）、Weightlifting Hall（举重馆）、Wrestling Hall （摔跤馆）3.相关组织机构英文词汇：Olympic Council of Asia（亚洲奥林匹克理事会）、Asian Sports Federation（亚洲体育联合会）、Host City（举办城市）、Organizing Committee（组委会）、Venue Management（场馆管理）【亚运会对中国的重要性】承办2023年亚运会对于中国具有重要意义：1.提升国际形象：举办亚运会将有助于提高中国在国际体育界的地位，展示中国的发展成就和城市魅力，吸引更多国际关注。

文明中国英语名词练习30题

文明中国英语名词练习30题1. In a civilized China, we often see ______ cleaning the streets.A. workersB. teachersC. doctorsD. drivers答案：A。

本题考查名词词义。

workers 意为“工人”，清洁街道的通常是工人。

teachers 是“教师”，主要在学校工作；doctors 是“医生”，在医院工作；drivers 是“司机”，与清洁街道无关。

所以选A。

2. At the market in civilized China, you can buy many kinds of ______.A. fruitsB. booksC. clothesD. toys答案：A。

此题考查名词类别。

fruits 意为“水果”，在市场上常见。

books 是“书籍”，一般在书店较多；clothes 是“衣服”，多在服装店；toys 是“玩具”，常在玩具店。

因此选A。

3. In a civilized Chinese community, there are nice ______ for people to rest.A. parksB. schoolsC. hospitalsD. banks答案：A。

本题考查名词含义。

parks 表示“公园”，是供人们休息的场所。

schools 是“学校”，用于学习；hospitals 是“医院”，用于治疗；banks 是“银行”，办理金融业务。

所以选A。

4. The ______ in civilized China are very friendly.A. childrenB. old peopleC. policemenD. waiters答案：C。

此题为名词辨析。

policemen 意为“警察”，通常被认为是友好且为公众服务的。

children 是“孩子”；old people 是“老人”；waiters 是“服务员”，虽可能友好，但不如policemen 更符合整体形象。

LangPing英文简介

Lang Ping英文简介郎平，前中国女子排球运动员，现任中国女排主教练。

被评为2016感动中国十大年度人物。

下面是店铺给大家整理的Lang Ping英文简介，供大家参阅!郎平简介Lang Ping, December 10, 1960 was born in Tianjin, China, Manchu, former Chinese women's volleyball player, the current Chinese women's volleyball coach.In April 1973, Lang Ping entered the Beijing Workers' Gymnasium Junior Sports School volleyball classes to practice volleyball. In 1976, Lang Ping entered the Beijing amateur sports school, the same year selected Beijing volleyball team. In 1978, Lang Ping selected national team. In 1981, Lang Ping won the 3rd World Cup with Chinese women's volleyball team, won the "Excellent Athlete Award". In 1982, Lang Ping won the ninth World Women's Volleyball Championship with the Chinese team and won the World Women's Volleyball Championship "MVP". In 1984, Lang Ping with the Chinese team won the Los Angeles Olympic women's volleyball match gold medal, to help the Chinese women's volleyball team to achieve three consecutive championships. In 1986, Lang Ping announced his retirement.In 1995, Lang Ping was hired as the Chinese women's volleyball coach. In 1996, Lang Ping was awarded the "best coach of the world" issued by FIVB. In October 2002, Lang Ping officially selected volleyball Hall of Fame, as the Asian volleyball players won the first prize in this award. April 25, 2013, Lang Ping was appointed as the new women's volleyball national team coach. February 1, 2015, Lang Ping won the 2014CCTV sports manners best coach award. February 14, 2016, Lang Ping was elected toChina in 2015 figures. March 25, 2016, Lang Ping won the "influence of the World Chinese Award." August 21, 2016, Lang Ping to lead the identity of the Chinese women's volleyball team won the Rio Olympic champion. In October, Lang Ping became China's "Mars ambassador". In December, Lang Ping was elected 2016 China Top Ten Lawrence Champion Award best coach. December 15, get 2016CCTV sports man of the year the best coach award. February 20, 2017, was named 2016 touched China's top ten annual figures.March 29, 2017, the Chinese Volleyball Association announced the women's volleyball team in 2017 training notice, Lang Ping will serve as head coach.郎平早年经历December 10, 1960 Lang Ping was born, due to natural disasters and many other factors, the family's economic conditions are poor. Lang flat body weakness, the mother commonly used millet gruel for her nutritional supplements, did not give her special treatment.7 years old, Lang Ping entered the Beijing Chaoyang District, East Road, primary school reading.郎平执教生涯Foreign coachingIn 1989, Lang Ping as Italy Moody's club women's volleyball team coach, led the Italian Moody Club club women's volleyball team won the Italian Cup champion.In 1991, Lang Ping as the University of New Mexico women's volleyball team coach, led the University of New Mexico women's volleyball team won the eastern United States women's volleyball championship.In 1999, Lang Ping as Italy Modena women's volleyball teamcoach, led the Italian Modena women's volleyball team in 2000 by the Italian women's volleyball league championship, in 2001 won the European Women's Volleyball Champions League championship, in 2002 and then won the Italian league and cup double champion.2002-2003 season began, Lang Ping as the Italian Novara club coach, led the Nova women's volleyball team won the Italian Super Cup and the 2004 Italian League championship.In February 2005, Lang Ping as the United States women's volleyball coach, led the US women's volleyball team won the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games silver medal.Domestic coachingIn 1990, Lang Ping returned to the national team, led the Chinese women's volleyball team won the 11th women's volleyball championship runner-up.February 15, 1995, Lang Ping invited to return from the United States, as the Chinese women's volleyball coach, the same year led his unit won the women's volleyball World Cup runner-up.In 1996, Lang Ping led the Chinese women's volleyball team won the Atlanta Olympic Games silver medal.In 1997, Lang Ping rate of Chinese women's volleyball team won the ninth Asian women's volleyball championship.In 1998, Lang Ping led his unit to win the 13th World Women's Volleyball Championship runner-up, the 13th Asian Games volleyball match gold medal.In 2009, Lang Ping coached Guangdong Hengda women's volleyball team. Led the women's volleyball team won the 2009-2010 season, the National Women's Volleyball League B-championships, 2010-2011 season, the National Women'sVolleyball League A runner-up, 2011-2012 season, the National Women's Volleyball League A champion, 2012-2013 season, the National Women's Volleyball League A runner-up.April 25, 2013, Lang Ping as the Chinese women's volleyball coach, led the 2014 women's volleyball World Championship runner-up.May 2015, Lang Ping led the Chinese team in Tianjin won the Asian Championship.August 22, 2015 - September 6, women's volleyball World Cup, Lang Ping led the Chinese team to 10 wins and 1 loss of 30 points record after the first time in 12 years won the World Cup, which is Langping coaching career of the first world Three championships, the Chinese women's volleyball team's eighth world champion. Won the Chinese women's volleyball team at the same time won the Rio Olympic qualification. [20] August 21, 2016, Lang Ping led the Chinese women's volleyball team to the total score of 3: 1 (19: 25,25: 17,25: 22,25: 23) victory over Serbia, won the Rio Olympic champion.。

大学英语(三)口语考试题(附参考答案)

大学英语（三）口语考试题（附参考答案）2021级口语考试题目Answer the following question within 3 minutes.1. Should people improve their appearance through plastic surgery? Some suggested ideas:★Negative:(1) We should not attempt to change nature.(2) Most employers need skilled employees rather than good-looking ones.(3) One’s inner beauty or qualities like honesty, faithfulness, diligence and sense of humor are more important than one’s appearance.2. Many college students choose to take part-time jobs in their spare time. What do you think may be the advantages of it? :★taking part-time jobs may have at least three benefits for college students in my eye. First and foremost, students can promote their study through part-time jobs. For instance, if a law student finds a part-time jobin a law firm, his 1Practice will enable him to better understand what he has learned from books. What’s more, the part-time job can offer him opportunities to gobeyond what has been taught in class, and he will learn something that doesn‘t exist in books but in practice.Moreover, students can accumulate work experience through part-time jobs, which will benefit their future job-hunting. Part-time jobs act as warm-up exercises for students to take full-time jobs after graduation and help themto prepare for future careers. In addition, graduate students lacking in practical work experience are often disfavored in job-hunting markets.Last but not the least, part-time jobs can partly rel ieve students’ financial burden, especially those who are from poor families.3. Students spend a lot of time watching all kinds of TV programs during their holidays, ranging from TV series to Talent Show. But it may he harmfulif we watch TV too much. Could you give some reasons? :★The most important reason why watching TV is bad is that it influences how much family members communicate. Parents, grandparents, and other family members have a lot of wisdom to share. This wisdom, however, is often ignored by young people who watch TV.Furthermore, it reduces children’s study time.Finally, TV programs can be a bad influence. Some shows include inappropriate language and too much violence. Many researchers say children do repeat what they see on TV.4. Please describe what kink of people you expect your dream lover to be. :★He or she should be a loving and caring individual. Not only does he or she love her family, but he or she is warm-hearted to help those around or even someon e who they don’t know.He or she should be loyal to their nation, their family and their career. Hard-working is an indispensable quality.He or she is supposed to know romance, tolerance and humor. If he is a handsome or she is a beautiful, that would be better. Someone who is good at cooking is always welcome.5. What are the pros and cons of exercises? / What are the advantages and disadvantages of exercises? :● Pros of exercises:1) It improves appearance. Through exercise, you can get a nice figure. 2) It strengthens the heart. 3) It can improve your health.4) It can enhance your mood and reduce depression and anxiety. ●Cons of exercises:1) It may affect one’s personal life. Some people are so obsessed with exercise that they give little time and attention to other aspects of their personal lives.2) If we do exercise in a wrong way, it can actually harm our body. Some work out hard and pull their muscles; some even hurt a joint or break a bone.6. Many college students and high school students choose to study abroad after their graduation. What is your view of studying abroad? :▲T(e students who bh?os? to study a broad believe that overseas studY will ��e vgry rew��rding. They dhink they wil le?��n?important sk)lls,(such as a freign langua?e, ar?, or technology?`And they Also think it will allo? tjem to me?t peoelu w)th$diffepgvt txoughts. \\hese new thkugits, tje studeNts believe, will broaden their minds and help build themr ?uture careers. On the other hanF,!some reasons0can account for why most students refu{e to s|udy abroad.First, studying abboad is cost|y. St}dents may pay up3to three0or foub times }ore than they would if they st}dy at a local universi4y. This expeose often causes a heaty burden to ordinaRY families. Second, studying abroad means they have to ldave their griends and(family behind. Withou4 the s5pportoffamilyandfriefds,stutentssuffermanydifficultiesThird, it often bri?gs about the experience of asto}nding culture shock. Some students can’t adapt wm|m to the new mnvironme.t and sufferfrom`traumatmc stress.5. What are the advantageó and dksadvajtages`of public transportation?!:★Advantagesofpu��lictransp��rtation?ay8b??istedasfol?ows?It?sconvenientWeha?e?ev?l��pedam?tu?epublict?aNsportati?nРnetworkwhich cantakeyouto every corne?ofthe`cétyItsavewmoneyThAugust8feewepq}forpublictransporta?ionmsmuchsheaperthaf?thec?stw e~eedtop?y?f?werideourowcarW?camakefriends耠whenwetakepublictranspo聒tation ?Disadvqotagesof?publictransortctio?ma}b? listedasfollowsItisnotsoaomfortable Tie?usandthemetroareoftencrowdedespeciallyinrushhoursItistimeconsumingIthastostopfromtimetotimetopickuppassengersOnceyoumissabusyou mayhavetowaitforquitealongtimefornextoneItsometimescanbedangerousThebusandthemetroareusuallyoverloadedinrushhoursthere foreithaspotentialrisksWhatqualitiesdoyouthinkgreatpeopleshouldhave? ★Shouldonehelphisorherfrienddosomethingillegal?Whatarethelimitsoffriendship?Howshouldwelookatfameandwhatshoulfwedmintiefac?o?��ame? ?First?ther`is?o��hinewrongwihfaíefameisasymbolof?successinone?scareerwien?nehasaahievedfameshow sth`?ápersonhasdone welh?Itc??4evenenb?urage?pe?ple?o workhasdertoeoevenbbetterworkth?refor?weshouldhiveapositiveattitudestowardsf?m e$?not?ak?n? it耠a bur?en. but a?oiding tje co?ruttion that$can occur because of it. Ibter ?ecome famg?we should continue to do well. Whet?er it is in the science or0?n the arts ,??complishment an? selfless devot?on?to wok(shoUld contin?e.11.РDoes$?ard?work c?u?t?�h Is hard work important in ?ne’s purs?it of success? :12. Can�aa perwon ��el�� on the welf?ve syrtem$for everydhing? W��y? к ?13.?Ue\enteved E-tImes. T?e g|obe ?s li?ked By dhe Internet. Butpeo?le have dif��erent id%as on thE Intdrnet. What’ryour ?iEw? :14.РShould we )g??re our?fsiends ??d`famIly foR phe?sak? of ou? own?intu2%sts? ;0�F.Chiná h?s decla?e? a w?r on corru?ti?N wi?? a focus on corrtptg?vernme.t of?icials+ Is ?t\hina to ?nd ?or?uption? :?16. IQ?has been used for years to measure peopme. H?wever, people star��t? ?e ke?n on EQ these days. Shat’??y?ur view on IQ and EQ?`:? ?7. щs mon?y the most imp?rtant tling in?q?ur ?ife? If ?ov, what ??5it?18. What makes you feel St:?ssed? How to deal with(??? 19.(Sh??ld theuse?of怠disposabld0p?astic bags bm aanned？Gave your reaso?s. 20. _hom ?o you turn to?for help when xou have pro?lems? ��hy?感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

岳阳楼、滕王阁、黄鹤楼英语介绍

Tengwang Pavilion is located on the east bank of Ganjiang (赣江) River, Yanjiang (沿江) Road, north west of Nanchang city, Jiang Xi Province.
It was first built in the fourth year of Yang hui (唐永徽) of Tang Dynasty (AD653).
The pavilion of King Teng was praised as “Fengshui Treasure” by the ancients. They said:” Go to wan shou Palace for wealth, go to Teng wang Pavilion for fortune”.
The lion is the king of beasts, and his presence at the gate means safety. In addition, it is a symbol of power and dignity.
For example, in Chinese tradition, “Elephant” (象) and “Luck”(祥) are homophonic, and elephants have long been considered lucky animals. And the elephant itself temperament docile, elephant sculpture is also deeply loved, with health, wealth, harvest, auspicious good implied meaning.

亚运会邀请国

亚运会邀请国以下是亚洲运动会（亚运会）的参赛国家和地区的列表：1. 阿富汗（Afghanistan）2. 巴林（Bahrain）3. 孟加拉国（Bangladesh）4. 不丹（Bhutan）5. 柬埔寨（Cambodia）6. 中国（中国）7. 朝鲜（North Korea）8. 中国台北（Chinese Taipei）9. 东帝汶（Timor-Leste）10. 印度尼西亚（Indonesia）11. 伊朗（Iran）12. 伊拉克（Iraq）13. 约旦（Jordan）14. 科威特（Kuwait）15. 吉尔吉斯斯坦（Kyrgyzstan）16. 老挝（Laos）17. 黎巴嫩（Lebanon）18. 马尔代夫（Maldives）19. 蒙古（Mongolia）20. 缅甸（Myanmar/Burma）21. 尼泊尔（Nepal）22. 阿曼（Oman）23. 巴基斯坦（Pakistan）24. 巴勒斯坦（Palestinian territories）25. 菲律宾（Philippines）26. 卡塔尔（Qatar）27. 沙特阿拉伯（Saudi Arabia）28. 新加坡（Singapore）29. 韩国（South Korea）30. 斯里兰卡（Sri Lanka）31. 叙利亚（Syria）32. 塔吉克斯坦（Tajikistan）33. 泰国（Thailand）34. 东帝汶（Timor-Leste）35. 土库曼斯坦（Turkmenistan）36. 阿拉伯联合酋长国（United Arab Emirates）37. 乌兹别克斯坦（Uzbekistan）38. 越南（Vietnam）39. 也门（Yemen）这些国家和地区都受到亚运会组委会的邀请，参加亚洲运动会，这是一个为来自亚洲各国和地区的运动员提供竞技平台的盛大体育赛事。

先农坛英文介绍

先农坛英文介绍The Temple of Heaven, also known as the Altar of Heaven or Tian Tan, is a magnificent religious complex located in Beijing, China. It was originally built in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty and was primarily used by the emperors as a sacred place to pray for good harvests.The layout of the Temple of Heaven is highly symbolic and reflects the ancient Chinese belief in the connection between heaven and earth. The temple complex is divided into two main sections - the inner temple and the outer temple.The inner temple consists of several buildings, the most famous of which is the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests. This circular, three-tiered wooden building is one of the most iconic landmarks in Beijing. It is 38 meters tall and is crowned with a large blue tile roof. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests was the main location where the emperor would hold ceremonies and offer sacrifices to the heavens.Surrounding the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests are the Imperial Vault of Heaven and the Circular Mound Altar. The Imperial Vault of Heaven is a small circular building that houses sacred tablets and ceremonial items. The Circular Mound Altar is a large round altar made of white marblewhere the emperor would perform rituals and prayers.The outer temple is a vast park-like area that stretches over 2.7 square kilometers. It is adorned with beautiful gardens, ancient trees, and various other buildings. Some notable structures in the outer temple include the Echo Wall, the Three Echo Stones, and the Nine Dragon Juniper.The Temple of Heaven is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is considered one of the most important cultural and historical landmarks in China. It attracts millions of tourists each year who come to admire its stunning architecture and learn about traditional Chinese culture and religion.Visitors to the Temple of Heaven can explore the various buildings, walk along the beautiful pathways, and witness traditional ceremonies and performances. It is a peaceful and serene place to relax and immerse oneself in Chinese history and spirituality.。

高中英语必修4Unit4教案

高中英语必修4Unit4教案高中英语必修4Unit4教案Unit 4 Body languageＩ．单元教学目标技能目标 Skill GoalsTalk about body language: cultural dand intercultural communicaPractise talking about prohibition warning as well as obligaLearn to use the -ing form as the Attribute AdverbialLearn to write a diary that showing the observaw body language helunicaII．目标语言功能句式Talk about body languageWhaulanguage?What do you think “body language” means?How can you tellad or happy evdak?How can you communicate a feelingwho dak your language?Why do we need to study body language?Talk about cultural d intercultural communicaWhat do Bldo wangers?What do Fldo wlw?Why should we be careful about our own bodylanguage?Want to waas well as l?词汇1．四会词汇Rassociation, canteen, dlight, curious, approach, maunderstand, dash, adulad2．认读词汇udan3．词组be likelgeneral, not all, turn one’s back to, lose face语法4．重点词汇duce, approach, touch, exd, avoid, misunderstand, punish, general, curious, similar, exaggesture, aThe -ing form as the attribute adverbialFinding ouading texwarticiple(s) used as the attribute or adverbialThe -ing form as the attribute They are vgveraluHu’s moving handThis is an exciting exu2. The -ing form as the adverbialu stand watching and listening.Four peopllooking around in a curious wauback appearing surprised, and take a few steps awaGarcia.The vapaling at the saas Georganada.Ⅲ．教材分析和教材重组1．教材分析本单元以Body Language——“体态语”为中心话题，具体涉及什么是“体态语”，如何理解“体态语”，以及“体态语”的跨文化性等。

先农坛英文介绍

先农坛英文介绍先农坛，英文介绍如下：The Xiannongtan, also known as the Ancestral Farmer's Altar, is a place of worship dedicated to the Chinese agricultural deity, Taiyi, and the god of soil, Nongye. It is located in the southwestern part of Beijing, China. The complex consists of several temples and altars arranged around a central axis, with the main temple dedicated to Taiyi.The Xiannongtan was first built in the Yuan Dynasty and has since been rebuilt and expanded several times. It is considered one of the most important temples in China for the worship of agriculture and farmers. It is a symbol of the ancient Chinese people's respect for agriculture and farmers, as well as their belief in the power of agriculture to feed the nation and maintain social stability.The Xiannongtan is a protected cultural site in China and is now a tourist attraction that attracts visitors from all over the world. The complex has been restored to its former glory, with vibrant colorsand intricate carvings that reflect the traditional Chinese architectural style. Visitors can learn about the history and culture of agriculture in China through displays and educational materials at the complex.In addition to its cultural significance, the Xiannongtan also plays an important role in contemporary Chinese society. It is a place where farmers and agricultural workers come to pray for a bountiful harvest and good weather, and it is also a symbol of their hard work and dedication to the land. The Xiannongtan represents a unique aspect of Chinese culture and society, where agriculture and its gods are still highly respected and celebrated.希望以上信息对您有所帮助，如果您还有其他问题，欢迎告诉我。

中国国家队的英语

中国国家队的英语【释义】Chinese national team中国国家队，中国代表队【短语】1中国国家足球队China PR national football team;team china;china national football team2秋季代表中国国家队Team China3第五届中国国家队专贴China NT News4中国国家沙滩足球队China PR national beach soccer team5担任中国国家队主教练serve as the head coach of the chinese national team6中国国家队总教练杜伊Duikovic Ratomir7中国国家男子足球队China national football team;Chinese Men's National Soccer Team8中国国家滑水队CWST9中国国家篮球队Chinese national basketball team【例句】1没有，输给中国国家队有些难堪。

No.Losing to China national team was quite embarrassing.2没有，输给中国国家队有些难堪。

No,I did not.It was embarrassed to lose to Chinese national team.3这个队将与中国国家队比赛。

The team will play against Chinas national team.4我现在是中国国家队的成员了。

I am on the China National F3C Team now.5曾经担任中国国家队队长。

A former Chinese national team captain.6如果你是足球教练，怎么训练中国国家队？If you were a soccer coach,how would you train Chinese team?7作为中国国家队的主教练，我要对此负责。

英美文学选读Literature

• ③The Renaissance, therefore, in essence i historical period in which the European humanist ， thinkers & scholars made
• ①The re-discovery of ancient Roman&Greek culture
• ②The new discoveries in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expansion.
motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with t evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.
• ③The hero is usually the knight, who sets out on
Chaucer ’s achievement
• ①He presented a comprehensive r e a l i s t i c picture of his age and created a whole galle of vivid characters in his works, especiall The Canterbury Tales.
ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.
• oets in English ; John Dryden called him “the fat of English poetry ”.

中国戏剧英文介绍

它的特点是将众多艺术形式以一种标准聚合在一起，在共同具有的性质中体现其各自的个性。
比较著名的戏曲种类有：京剧（Beijing Opera）、昆曲 (Kunqu)、越剧(Shaoxing Opera)、秦腔（Shanxi Opera）、黄梅戏(Huangmei Opera) 。
What appeals to foreigners most might be the different styles of facial make-up
经过汉唐到宋金才形成比较完整癿戏曲艺术它由文学音乐舞蹈美术武术杂技以及表演艺术综合而成约有三百六十多个种类
chinese opera
Chinese opera together with Greece tragic-comedy and Indian Sanskrit Opera are the three oldest dramatic art forms in the world.
During the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911), it became fashionable among ordinary people. Performances were watched in tearooms, restaurants, and even around makeshift stages. 在清朝(1644 - 1911),它在普通百姓中十分流行。在茶室,餐馆,甚至在临时搭建的舞台上都可以看见表演。
2.旦：正旦——主要扮演娴静庄重的青年、中年妇女。重唱功，多用韵白。因常穿青素褶子，故又名“青衣”。
花旦——多扮演性格明快活泼的青年女性。此外，还有武旦，老旦等。
3.净：俗称花脸。以面部化妆运用各种色彩和图案勾勒脸谱为突出标志，扮演性格、气质、相貌上有特异之点的男性角色。

公共利益与个人利益的不同作文（英语加汉语）

The differ‎e nce betwee‎n public‎ intere‎s t and privat‎e intere‎s t何谓公共利益‎与私人利益，公共利益与个‎人利益是一对‎双生子，明白了其中一‎个，另一个也迎刃‎而解。

人们会因性别‎、性格、年龄、体力体质、文化程度等的‎不同而获得不‎同的收入，形成不同的阶‎层。

不同的阶层，就会具有不同‎的利益诉求。

那么，针对不尽相同‎的各阶层利益‎诉求，该怎样判定什‎么是公共利益‎呢？显然，这不是很好回‎答的问题。

之所以说不好‎回答，一是遍查相关‎资料，尤其是当前国‎家各类法律文‎本，对什么是公共‎利益，以及如何有效‎判定是否属于‎公共利益范畴‎，语焉不详。

似乎这是一个‎大家都心知肚‎明的概念，无需多费笔墨‎。

二是理论上的‎定义与实际认‎知之间是否一‎致，也是各说各话‎，莫衷一是。

从名词本身简‎单的解释就是‎：前者是大众、大部分人、关系社会整体‎、政府关注的利‎益，后者是小众、小部分人、关系社会部分‎、公民个人关注‎的利益。

更明确而正规‎的说，我姑且认为公‎共利益可以界‎定为：一定的社会群‎体为实现其生‎存、发展所需要的‎，并为群体中不‎确定多数人所‎认可的资源和‎条件。

它的内涵有以‎下特征。

第一，分享性。

第二，广泛性。

第三，丰富性。

第四，超越个体性。

第五，层次性。

个人利益的界‎定相对于公共‎利益来说要简‎单得多，因为个人利益‎只考察单个的‎人。

尽管每个人都‎会和其他个人‎发生联系，且单个人之间‎都是相互作用‎的，考察了单个的‎个人利益就可‎推及到其他个‎体。

笔者认为个人‎利益是指个人‎为了满足生存‎、发展和享受所‎需要的各种资‎源和条件的总‎和。

由此可以看出‎两者之间最明‎显的不同就是‎研究对象不同‎，而这个不同延‎伸出来的关注‎方面、研究方法、研究结果、问题与解决方‎法等都存在很‎大的不同。

作为政府其制‎定政策必须两‎者选其一，所以政府的政‎策永远不是最‎好的，而是最合理的‎，最符合当时当‎地情况的。

公示语汉英翻译的问题与对策

摘要英语公示语对在中国的外国友人来说是最便捷的路标指示，它的作用是显而易见的。

然而，目前错误和不规范的英文公示语已经严重影响了中国的对外形象，而且也给外国友人带来了很多的麻烦。

本文作者通过多次调查研究，从跨文化视角，将公示语英译错误分为两类，即语言层面和文化层面，然后，作者对这两类错误进行了分析，探讨出现这些问题的原因，并提出了解决这些问题的对策。

关键词：公示语；问题；对策；跨文化交际ABSTRACTEnglish public signs as the simplest guide are apparently essential to foreigners in China. However, the improper and nonstandard English public signs have been a pressing problem because they have defaced China’s International image and have given much trouble to the foreigners in their daily life.On the basis of many researches, the author classifies the public signs translation errors from linguistic and cultural aspects, analyses these two types of errors, illustrates the causes, and puts forward some strategies for improvements of public signs translation, from the perspective of intercultural communication.Key words：public signs; problems; strategies; intercultural communicationContents1．Introduction (51)2. An Overview of Public Signs (52)2.1 The Definition of Public Signs (52)2.2 Functions of Public Signs (53)2.3 Types of Public Signs (54)3. Intercultural Communication (56)3.1 Definition of IC (56)3.2 Language and Culture (56)3.3Application of IC to Translation of Public Signs (57)4. Problems of Public Signs C-E Translation and Analysis of Causes (59)4.1 Problems on Linguistic Level (59)4.2 Problems on Cultural Level (62)4.3 Causes Analysis (64)5. Strategies of Public Signs Translation (65)5.1Literal Translation (65)5.2 Liberal Translation (66)5.3 Addition and Omitting (67)6．Conclusion (69)Acknowledgements (70)References (71)1．IntroductionIn 2008, China held the Beijing Olympic Game successfully, and now the 2010 World Expo is being held in Shanghai. At present, more and more foreigners stream into China. They come to China to travel, study, and do business, etc. Most of them speak English instead of Chinese. Under such circumstances, English Public signs will play a very important role, because these signs will help foreigners to find their way in a new environment or get the information they want. However，the improper and nonstandard English public signs have been a pressing problem because they have defaced China’s international image and have given rise to troubles and inconvenience to the foreigners in their daily life. So it is very necessary to carry on the following error research on English translation of public signs. Many essays about this research have been published on many journals. However, most essays in these journals only discuss the problem from a special perspective and there has not been a thorough and systematic study of the distribution of error frequency and the causes of the errors on C-E sign translation so far. Therefore, this thesis intends to conduct a study of the translation of public signs with the aim to explore the strategies and methods to enhance public sign translation. And it will mainly focus on the following three parts: the application of intercultural communication to public signs; the error analysis on English translation of public signs and strategies for improvement.2. An Overview of Public Signs2.1 The Definition of Public SignsWhen we discuss the definition of “public signs”, it is necessary to clarify the definition of “sign”, in the English language first. The research of public sign was started in 1959 by two scholars named Vinay and Darbelnet from western country[1]424. According to Oxford English Dictionary , “sign” refers to a characteristic device attached to, or placed in front of, an inn or a store, as a means of distinguishing it from others or direct attention to it. In Webster’s Third International Dictionary, “sign”is defined as a lettered board or other public display placed before or on a building, room, store or office to advertise business there transacted or the name of person or firm conducting it [2]. From American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language,“sign” is defined as “a board, a post, or place displayed in a public place to convey information or a direction.” [3]While in China, it is in recent years that the expression of public signs comes into our view. In its literal meaning, public sign refers to the words or expression shown to the public in public places. Dai Zongxian & Lu Hefa[3] put forward the definition of “public signs” as “public display of written message bearing a designation, direction and other closely related literal and graphical information.” Prof. Lu Hefa has also classified the scope of signs in China in his dictionary A Chinese-English Dictionary on Signs[4]. According to him, public signs are very commonly used in people’s social life. In a word, the information, which is open to the public and related to their daily life, will be within the scope of researches on public signs. A public sign refers to a language-based message carrier used in public places to inform the public what they are supposed to know. The public signs are widely used in many fields and impact every aspect of our daily life. Therefore, the translation of public signs is ofgreat significance.2.2 Functions of Public SignsPublic signs are widely used and serve different functions for normal operation of the society. According to Professor Lu Hefa[5]38, public signs may fall into the following four categories in terms of function, namely directing, prompting, restricting and compelling. The different functions of the public signs directly affect the style and the mood of the translation.(1) DirectingBasically speaking, public signs serving directing function are information providers and the purpose is to give readers guidance about the service that they are entitled to. They are prevailing in a city and can be found almost everywhere. Examples as follows:问询服务Information售票处Ticket Office外卖Take Away营业时间Business Hours(2) PromptingPublic signs of prompting remind people to pay attention to them. Prompting signs are similar to the directive ones in their informative function. They are widely used on public occasions and often use brief and euphemistic words as well as different forms of sentences structures. For example:油漆未干Wet Paint向左急转弯Abrupt Turn Left减价销售On Sale道路封闭Road Closed(3) RestrictingNot as the two functions mention above, the function of restriction put constrains and restrictions to the readers. The purpose of public signs in this category is to confine the activities or actions of the related public with the special words. The languages are direct and simple, but the readers don’t feel these signs are impolite or rude. Look at the following:凭票入场Ticket Only慢速驶出Slow Out游客止步Staff Only限停车10分钟10 Minutes Parking(4) CompellingPublic signs of this type have a more tough tone than those with other three functions. They require readers to take or not to take certain actions, usually with direct tough, forceful language. And the language is supposed to bear no compromise.严禁乱扔垃圾No Littering不得进入草地Keep Off the Grass禁止酒后开车No Driving after Drinking禁酒区Alcohol Free ZoneAbove are the four functions of public signs. Chinese and English public signs have the same functions and express specific information.2.3 Types of Public SignsPublic signs can be found very easily around us. They are displayed in different places for different usages and functions. According to the places they placed, the author divides them into the following types.(1). Public Signs for Traffic and RoadTraffic and road signs are used to provide help for people and keep a good social order as well. These signs are playing a very important role in the society, especially in crowded places.(2).Public Signs for TourismMany public signs are placed at scenic spots. Some of them are used to remind the visitors to abide by some rules while others are to help them further understand the history or culture.(3).Public Signs for Service Industry and BusinessWith the development of economy, there are more and more public signs appear in the field of business and service industry. Many signs put on the window or at the door can easily attract consumers from both at home andabroad.(4). Public Signs for Environmental ProtectionNowadays, the situation of environment is getting worse and worse among the whole world. Public signs as one of the communication materials, perform not only the function of publicizing, but also a kind of “High Touch” service[6]26. That’s to say, public signs for environmental protection help to call for people to be self-discipline in protecting our environment.From the above we can see that public signs are widely used in people’s daily life. They can be found in every kind of public places. They are easy to remember and their four functions determine the language styles.3. Intercultural CommunicationIt is quite clear that C-E translation of public signs is closely related with Chinese and English. So bilingualism has always been regarded as an essential requirement for the translator. In fact, the activity of translation is a kind of intercultural communication. In Nida’s opinion, the most serious mistakes in translation are usually made not because of verbal inadequacy, but of wrong cultural assumptions[7]. Therefore, it is a must for translators to know some about intercultural communication.3.1 Definition of ICIt is clear that IC refers to the communication among people from two or more cultures. Successful IC is based on the positive feeling and beliefs we bring to the intercultural encounter and on the behavioral skills we possess. Professor Jia Yuxin[8]23thinks that the intercultural communication is the communication between people from different cultural backgrounds. Hanvey[9] believes that the sense of IC is the sensitive recognition of cultural factors between joiners during their communication.Language can not exist without culture. Naturally, in the course of intercultural communication, the participant or the translator should not only be familiar with his own language and culture, but also the language and culture of his counterpart, especially the differences between the two involved cultures[10].Only when he keeps these cultural factors in mind can he be competent in the process of intercultural communication.3.2 Language and CultureThe relationship between language and culture has been studied for many decades. Brown, H.D describes the two like this: “A language is a part of a culture and a culture is a part of a language; the two are intricately interwovenso that one cannot separate the two without losing the significance of either language or culture.”[11]56 Language is a bridge people can use to learn or understand cultural values and it is necessary to know cultural values to acquire the language to portray them. Language is a very important component of the culture. In fact, language is decided and restricted by the culture. Culture can have a great effect on the existence and development of language in many aspects.Therefore, in order to communicate effectively and competently across cultures we need to be aware of both linguistic and cultural knowledge at the same time. It is also suitable to PS translation, since this specific translation task is involved with both two different languages and cultures. If we want to have correct and idiomatic English public signs, we should not only be bilingual, but also be bicultural.3.3Application of IC to Translation of Public SignsPublic signs translation is an activity of intercultural communication, that’s to say the intercultural awareness is a must for translators when translating public signs into English. Just as Nida has put: to be bilingual, one has to be bicultural[12]. Cultural approaches consider translation as a communicative process which appears between cultures[13]27. Concerning public signs translation, the translators should focus on differences between the characteristic of Chinese and English language. It is true that cultural discrepancy is an important factor in the course of C-E translation of public signs.In addition, public signs translators should take readers’response as an important criterion in the assessment of translated version. Since these readers are mainly foreign visitors and tourists who know little about the history and culture of about China. It is true that many problems and errors in public signs translation are caused by the insufficient intercultural awareness. Some translators are deeply influenced by their mother tongue, which is a big problem when translating Chinese public signs into English. To solve the problem, public sign translators should correctly express the meanings of Chinese PSs in accordance with the idiomatic expressions of the target language when doing PStranslation. In this way, our translated versions can be better and more easily understood by target readers. It is evident that failure of IC in this specific translation task will undoubtedly lead to the occurrences of many mistaken and obscure English versions of Chinese PSs.4. Problems of Public Signs C-E Translation andAnalysis of CausesNowadays, a variety of international events are held in China, with an increasing number of foreigners coming here. English as the universal language of the world, becomes the most convenient tool of our communication. Although experts have called for more attention on the translation of public signs, and the present situation is far from being satisfactory. Ni Chuanbin and Liu Zhi[14]19published the paper Translation Principles for Public Signs and Example Analysis in which the authors put forward five principles. After that, there are many papers about translation of public signs appearing in some journals, but most of them didn’t form syste matical research. On the next part we will discuss the problems on the translation of public signs from linguistic and cultural aspect, and then analyse the causes.4.1 Problems on Linguistic LevelThe errors of linguistic translation are often due to deficiencies in the translator’s source or target competence. He Ziran ever explained that by making linguistic errors, the translators or interpreters fail to conform to the target language structure, instead they casually translate the source text in their own language structures.4.1.1 MisspellingThe most commonly encountered problems in the C-E translation of public signs are undoubtedly the spelling mistakes or misspelling. Errors of this kind are easily noticeable, but they are intolerable to English readers because they leave a bad impression to foreigners on the English proficiency of Chinese people. Such mistakes can be found everywhere, for example:(1) Ants and Crafts(工艺品)You may feel confused by this phrase if you are not on the spot and see the real objects with your own eye. It is put before the arts and crafts department in a sale stall in Nanjing Airport. It should be Arts and Crafts.(2) We may be surprised to see such an expression “Read End Collision”on a super highway, with the original meaning “追尾危险”. This public sign is very common and essential on super highways to warn drivers against accidents and keep the traffic order. However, the word “Rear” is mistaken for “Read”, and with no doubt it loses the intended meaning.In real life, spelling mistakes take up a lot in the overall translation problems of public signs. We may think that the translators should be responsible for them. Some may lack professional competence or may be because of their carelessness. Also the printers or makers of the public signs should be responsible for the problems.4.1.2 Grammatical ErrorsSentences in a good translation should, at least conform to the grammatical rules or conversations of target language. And it is particularly true for the translation of public signs. However, a lot of grammatical problems can be found in the translation of public signs. Most of these errors are not that visible as misspelling, but they also show the poor proficiency of the translator and their irresponsible attitude.Example 1: The International Building in Guangzhou, which is the tallest in China and also the symbol of Guangzhou city. It should stand for China’s international image. However, one of the signs on the International Building goes like: “加强国际交流合作，让世界了解广州”. The translation is: “International Exchange and Cooperation Facilitate Development of Guangzhou into International Metropolis!”It’s quite difficult for foreigners to understand. Due to the grammar problems, this sign could hardly play the role of building up an international city image. It is suggested to be translated as: “Facility the Development of Guangzhou into an International Metropolis through International Exchange and Cooperation!”Example 2: “通往下层” is translated into “To the below floor” on a certain street in Nanjing. The English version is grammatically wrong because the word “below” is a preposition instead of an adjective. Therefore, the English version should be “To the lower floor”.Example 3: “请保护环境卫生” is translated into “Please keep environment sanitation”, which has big grammatical problems. In terms of the sentencestructure, it is obvious that the word of “environment” is the object of the verb of “keep” and the word of “sanitation” is the object complement. According to English grammar, there exists a logical subject-predicate relationship between the object and its complement. So this sentence should be translated into “Please keep the place clean and tidy.”4.1.3 Words Improperly UsedA famous translator ever said that the proper words should be in the proper places in the translation. If not, errors might happen. The so-called “using improper words” shows that the translator does not fully understand the original public signs, and just makes a literal translation, which makes people puzzled.Example 1: 敬老院——Old Man’ HouseTo respect the aged and love the young are always the traditional virtues of China. In western countries, people do not like somebody else to say that they are old. So this pubic sign should be translated into “Senior Citizens’ House”.Example 2: 客户服务中心——Client Ministrant Centre“Ministrant”, as an adjective, is very formal and seldom used, meaning serving attendance. So it is not proper here, and we can use a very simple word “service” to replace it. It can be translated into “Customer Service Centre”.Example 3: 请勿停车使用——No Occupying While StablingThe revised English version should be No Occupying While Stationary. We can always find the above example on the toilet doors on trains. Here the word “stabling” is misused for it means “space in stables (a building for keeping and feeding horses in)”.In the translation of public signs, poor choice of words can be easily found. It is a very serious problem to choose wrong words. It shows the poor capability of the translators. Each word, when used in a new context, is a new word [15]251.A word is the smallest unit of language on its own, and the meaning is the most essential aspect of a word. So words should be chosen on the basis of accurate understanding of them.4.2 Problems on Cultural LevelApart from mistakes on the linguistic level, the mistranslation concerning culture also needs attentive study. Translation involves the transfer of two cultures as well as that of two languages, and that translation is regarded as a cultural communication to transplant the source culture. It is not an easy task to translate between Chinese and English because the two languages belong to entirely different cultural traditions. So translation is the intercultural communication between the western and Chinese cultures.To some extent, linguistic mistranslation is more tolerable to target readers in comparison to the mistranslation on the cultural level. Translation mistakes on the cultural level may make foreigners feel they are offended in such fields as customs, beliefs and faith. Therefore, mistranslation resulting from cultural ignorance is a problem that needs urgent solution, otherwise, China will be regarded as a country in the lack of cultural respect to others.Generally speaking, mistranslation from the perspective of culture can be classified into two categories: Chinglish and Inappropriate tone.4.2.1 ChinglishChinglish translations always come from the word-for-word translation method, which results from either the translators using such translation tools as dictionaries and translation machines or their lack of proficiency in translation. Chinese and English-speaking people have different thought patterns and accordingly different ways to express ideas. If these differences are ignored, it’s very easy to produce Chinglish.Example 1:请勿乱扔杂物——No Throws TrashThis public sign is widely used, especially in tourist attractions. But the translation is far from being satisfactory. It is apparently affected by Chinese pattern of thinking and it is typical Chinglish. The revised version is “No Littering”.Example 2: 不得在停车场内随地吐痰、大小便——Spitting, going convenient around must be prohibited.There is no such phrase as “going convenient around” in English. It might be an absurd word for word translation of “随地大小便”as in Chinese, “goaround”means “随地”and “convenient”means “方便”.Chinglish like this makes target readers who don’t speak Chinese puzzle or may laugh. A suggest version is “Spitting, urinating or defecating must be prohibited”.Example 3:一次性用品——A Time Sex ThingWhat will foreigners feel when they see signs with such filthy words? The translation is different from the original meaning. “一次性”means it can be used once only, but the translation not only twists the Chinese meaning, but also becomes an international joke. We can translate it into “Disposable Articles”.The following are more examples about Chinglish.Wrong Correct游客止步Consumers Stop Employee Only肉松Meat Pine Dried Meat Floss激情海岸Sex on the Beach Exotic Flavor买一赠一Buy one, give one Buy one, get one free英语之窗The Window of English English Service AvailableThe examples similar to those mentioned above are too numerous to show one by one. It can be said that the phenomenon of Chinglish is caused by translating Chinese according to the superficial Chinese meaning. And the translators didn’t pay attention to the differences between Chinese and English. They may impose the Chinese thinking model on the English version.4.2.2 Inappropriate ToneTo some degree, the tone decides what the additional function a public sign assumes besides the most fundamental one. Therefore, when translating public signs, we should not only translate the exact meaning but also the exact tone so that we could achieve functional equivalence in an overall way. But in most cases, equivalence in tone is always lost due to cultural misunderstanding.Example1: “青草依依，踏之何忍” can now be seen in many public places. Different from “请勿践踏草坪” which was often classified as a compelling sign in the public in the past, the former is more vivid and polite in tone because of personification used to express the meaning from the view the grass that we should protect. “Keep off the Grass”is the general translation, but the translation of “The Grass So Fair, Needs Your Care”put forward by Wu Weixiong[16]36 in 2004 is strongly recommended according to Nida’s functionalequivalence.Example 2: “请勿在此吸烟” This public sign is always translated into “No Smoking”which also violates Nida’s functional equivalence. The appropriate one is “Thank You for Not Smoking Here”From the discussion above, we can see that different cultures have different views of the same things, and errors will arise in the process of translation if those differences are overlooked by the translators. So translators should have a good command of cultural traditions of western countries.4.3 Causes AnalysisAs mentioned above, there are mainly two types of mistakes in Chinese-English public signs translation: translation errors on linguistic level and on cultural level. It may be due to translator’s carelessness such as spelling; it may also be due to translator’s low proficiency such as grammar errors. To solve those linguistic mistakes, translator needs to be both proficient and careful. In some cases, even if fully understanding the meaning of the original Chinese expressions, some translators may feel it difficult to find proper English words to replace the Chinese ones, and just use some words apparently seeming to be equivalent to the Chinese ones.For another thing, more and more new public signs appear nowadays. And these public signs have their own special characteristics. So it’s quite hard for the translator to express the English version correctly. The lack in the language competence was and still is a universal problem in the translation of pubic signs.Thirdly, with the development of science and technology, many signs are translated by computer software. In fact, it is very good to use computer as a reference. However, if we just rely on computer, the translation must have many problems.5. Strategies of Public Signs Translation5.1Literal TranslationLiteral translation is correct and must not be avoided, if it secures pragmatic equivalence to the original[17]. But literal translation is not word-for–word and one-to-one translations. Literal translation renders both the style and content of the original, and it also retains the original cultural information. Literal translation is widely used in translation of informative public signs which requires the accurate transfer of the original information.Example 1: 平等,发展,和平——Equality, Development, Peace.Example 2: 整个景区占地约8000平方米，以排云殿为中心，由排云殿、宝华殿、云锦殿、二宫门、芳辉殿、紫霄殿、德辉殿以及连通各座殿堂的游廊、配房组成(The Summer Palace)——The entire scenery area covers an area of 8000 square metres, with Paiyun Dian at the center, surrounded by Paiyun Men, Yuhua Dian, Yunjin Dian, Er Gong Men, Fanghui Dian, ZixiaoDian. Dehui Dian, all of which are linked by corridors and side halls.Information of the source texts are all maintained. Sentence orders remain unchanged in the translations. Even the target texts take the similar styles of the source text. The transfer of content must be put to priority. For informative public signs, literal translation can best reserve the original content.5.2 Liberal TranslationLiberal translation mainly conveys the meaning and spirit of the original without remaining the sentence patterns or figures of speech. Liberal translation echoes with Peter Newmark’s communicative translation. Liberal translation is the main strategy used in translation of evocative public signs. As discussed above, for evocative public signs, the focus of attention of the Chinese readers and that of the English readers are quite different. In this case, a liberal method is preferred.Example 1:…是当年慈禧到佛香阁拈香礼佛时的更衣之处(The Summer Palace)——It served as a dressing room for Empress Dowager Cixi on her way to the Tower of the Fragrant of the Buddha to pay her homage. Functionally speaking, this sentence is an informative one. Compared with “pay homage to the Buddha”, “burn incense”is less important information. The target text, although not completely transfer the original content, functions the same as the source text.Example 2:…高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则.(The Summer Palace)——…That best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design: “the works of men should match the works of Heaven”.As a matter of fact, the adoption of literal and liberal translation in the C-E translation is quite flexible. Sometimes, the combination of the two methods of translation is also visible. However, just as Nord said that “ends justify means”, the actual functional purpose of a sign should always be the No 1 priority in the translation public signs. And the text type of a specific sign should also be taken into consideration.。

2023亚运会英文词汇

2023亚运会英文词汇
摘要：
1.2023 年亚运会的举办地点和时间
2.亚运会的英文名称
3.亚运会的英文标志和口号
4.亚运会的英文比赛项目
5.亚运会的英文参赛国家
6.亚运会的英文新闻报道
正文：
2023 年亚运会将于2023 年9 月23 日至10 月8 日在我国杭州举办。

这次亚运会的英文名称是"Asian Games 2023 Hangzhou, China"。

其英文标志为"Hangzhou 2023"，口号是"Heart to Heart, @Future"。

亚运会的英文比赛项目非常丰富，包括了传统项目如田径、游泳、篮球、足球等，也有特色项目如武术、围棋、象棋等。

英文比赛项目的完整列表可以在亚运会官方网站上找到。

亚运会是亚洲地区最高水平的综合性运动会，吸引了来自亚洲各国的运动员参赛。

各国的英文名称也可以在亚运会官方网站上找到。

亚运会的英文新闻报道是全球媒体关注的焦点，各国媒体纷纷报道亚运会的筹备情况、比赛情况和各国运动员的表现。

亚运比赛场馆中英文名称对照

Huadu Stadium
足球Football
45
广东国际划船中心
International Rowing Centre
皮划艇
Canoe/
Kayak
激流回旋Sprint
静水Slalom
赛艇Rowing
46
广州体育馆
Guangzhou Gymnasium
乒乓球Table Tennis
排球（决赛）Volleyball (Final)
20
广工板球场
Guanggong Cricket Stadium
板球Cricket
21
广大体育馆
Guangda Gymnasium
击剑Fencing
22
广药体育馆
Guangya Gymnasium
排球
Volleyball
排球
Volleyball
23
广外体育馆
Guangwai Gymnasium
排球
Volleyball
15
龙舟
Dragon Boat
增城龙舟场
Zengcheng Dragon Boat Lake
16
马术
Equestrian
广州马术场
Guangzhou Equestrian Venue
17
击剑
Fencing
广州体职院训练基地
Guangzhou Sports Polytechnic
18
足球
Football
艺术体操
Rhythmic
蹦床
Trampoline
壁球
Squash
28
亚运城沙排场
Beach Volleyball Venue

THAILAND_AND_CHINA

30The dance troupe from the Bunditpatanasilpa InstituteThe Kon – Ramakienand Dance of Four Regions, a classical Thai dance, at the6th China Xinjiang International Dance Festival in Urumqi,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, on July 23, 2023. (MAOJIANJUN)hina isplaying anincreasinglyimportant rolein the world.Everyone hasrecognizedthat theChineseeconomy isundergoingsteady andsound growth. At the same time, development of Thailand-China relations has entered a new historical period. Interconnectivity between Thailand and China through policy communication, unimpeded trade, and people-to-people exchange has brought the two countries into a period of high-quality development.Describing Thailand-China relations with such words as important and special doesn’t do them justice because this set of relations is truly fraternal. Many Thailand residents are of Chinese origin like myself. At least 20 of the 30 Thai prime ministers have been Thai citizens of Chinese origin. It’s not uncommon for Thai politicians to recognize roots in China. Chinese roots give the Thai-Chinese an irreplaceable cultural identity and deep feelings for Chinese culture. In recent years, cultural and people-to-people exchanges between Thailand and China have been increasingas relations between the two countries have entered a new stage ofThailand and development.China is Thailand’s mostimportant trading partner, andThailand is one of China’s top threetrading partners in ASEAN. Chinahas emerged as the largest sourceof foreign direct investment (FDI)in Thailand. I see bright prospectsfor high-quality trade and industrialcooperation between Thailandand China in the new era becauseChina’s high-level opening-up willmake it possible for Thailand andChina to complement each otherin trade. During my tenure as theprime minister of Thailand, I paidgreat attention to Thailand-Chinatrade cooperation, especially in thetourism sector.The friendship between Thailandand China withstood the test ofthe COVID-19 pandemic. Thailandsincerely appreciates China’sassistance to Thailand in pandemicprevention and control. The firstdose of COVID-19 vaccine that manyThai citizens received was fromChina. The pandemic decimated thetourism industry of Thailand. Now,the government of Srettha Thavisinis introducing a series of measures toboost the country’s tourism industryincluding a visa exemption policy.I earnestly look forward to the fullrecovery of tourism in Thailandand China and more cultural andpeople-to-people exchange activitiespromoting mutual understanding.From a macro perspective, theworld is in a period of frequentconflicts, and geopolitical conflictsare on the rise. The conflicts, whichhave led to challenges to globalsupply chains and dramatic rises inprices of food, commodities, andoil, testify to the value of peace. Itis even more worrisome that theUnited States and the West arewaging ideological wars as theirconventional approach to gainBy Abhisit VejjajivaTogether for High-31China:economic gains through politics. For a few years, the U.S. has been launching small-scale trade wars around the world, but we didn’t care much about them until the trade war with China became more prominent. The U.S. overstretched nationalsecurity issues to suppress free trade investment and review global supply chains, which eventually forcedproducts of its competitors out of the supply chains or to other production bases. At the same time, the U.S. has exploited ideological conflicts topromote unfair competition including suppressing developing countries in the name of environmentalprotection, human rights, or a variety of other excuses, which eventually leads to developing countries losing their productivity advantages.Unfortunately, this terrible situation is getting even worse.I think ASEAN countries should all stay vigilant against the U.S. trade war against China. Although some Southeast Asian countries have benefited from the productivity transfer from China at the initial stage of this trade war, from a long-term perspective, the U.S.-launched trade war will significantly reduce the efficiency of the industrial chain, hindering all countries from effectively utilizing their resource endowments. The end result will be a blockage of free trade and a sharp decline in the volume of trade among all countries, which would be detrimental to global economic growth.Both Thailand and China aresupporters of peaceful development. The two countries should work together to navigate the threats and challenges within the region and promote cooperation on cultivating new quality productive forces to eliminate interference of geopolitics in economic development.Meanwhile, we should recognize that differences between the West and Asian countries in political-economic systems and values will cause the West to continue to see Asian countries as a long-term threat to their own development. Therefore, rhetoric involving so-called threats will continue for some time. The U.S. used to be a world leader, but it should not impose Western values on Asian countries or force Asian countries to follow the development path of the West.China’s growth is being watched by the world, and globalization has fostered free trade. I agree with the Chinese vision that mutual learning among civilizations and pluralistic equality are the cornerstones of consensus, and that superpowers and small countries should treat each other as equals. I believe that Thailand and China will join hands for high-quality development and that the concept of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation is changing the landscape of the world.Thailand and China should work together to navigate the threats and challenges within the region and promote cooperation on cultivating new quality productive forces to eliminate interference of geopolitics in economicdevelopment.Quality DevelopmentAbout the author Abhisit Vejjajiva is former Prime Minister of Thailand.。

英语作文功夫熊猫

The Kung Fu Panda series is a beloved animated film franchise that has captured the hearts of audiences around the world.The story revolves around Po,a clumsy and lovable panda who dreams of becoming a Kung Fu master.Despite his initial lack of skill and the skepticism of others,Pos determination and heart eventually lead him to fulfill his dream and become the Dragon Warrior,the chosen one to protect the Valley of Peace from various threats.The Setting:The setting of Kung Fu Panda is a fictional ancient China,filled with vibrant landscapes and mystical elements.The Valley of Peace,where Po lives,is a harmonious community where all the animals live in unity.The landscape is lush with bamboo forests,mountains, and rivers,providing a picturesque backdrop for the story.The Characters:1.Po the protagonist A big,round,and initially clumsy panda who works in his fathers noodle shop but harbors a dream of becoming a Kung Fu master.2.Master Shifu A red panda and the strict but wise master of the Furious Five,who trains Po to become the Dragon Warrior.3.The Furious Five A team of Kung Fu warriors consisting of Tigress,Monkey,Mantis, Viper,and Crane,who are initially skeptical of Po but later become his allies.4.Mr.Ping Pos adoptive father,a goose who runs the noodle shop and initially wishes for Po to follow in his culinary footsteps.5.Tai Lung The main antagonist in the first film,a powerful snow leopard who seeks the Dragon Scroll to become the ultimate Kung Fu master.The Themes:1.Believing in Oneself Pos journey is a testament to the power of selfbelief.Despite numerous setbacks and the doubts of others,Po never loses faith in his ability to becomea Kung Fu master.2.Hard Work and Perseverance The film emphasizes the importance of hard work and perseverance.Pos transformation from a clumsy panda to a skilled Kung Fu master is a result of his relentless training and determination.3.Inner Peace and Balance The concept of inner peace and balance is central to the films philosophy.Po learns that true power comes from within and that one must find harmony to unlock their full potential.The Plot:The story begins with Po accidentally being chosen as the Dragon Warrior,much to the surprise of everyone in the Valley of Peace.Throughout the series,Po faces various challenges,including training with Master Shifu,learning about the Dragon Scroll,andbattling formidable enemies like Tai Lung and Kai,the spirit of Yin and Yang.The Cultural Elements:Kung Fu Panda incorporates numerous elements of Chinese culture,such as martial arts, traditional architecture,and Chinese zodiac animals.The film also features Chinese philosophy,particularly the concept of Yin and Yang,which is explored in the third installment of the series.The Impact:The Kung Fu Panda series has had a significant impact on popular culture,inspiring a new generation of fans to appreciate Chinese culture and martial arts.The films have also been praised for their animation,storytelling,and the depth of their characters.In conclusion,Kung Fu Panda is more than just an animated film it is a journey of selfdiscovery,a celebration of cultural diversity,and a reminder of the power of believing in oneself.The series continues to captivate audiences with its blend of humor,action, and heartfelt messages.。

高速铁路旅游英语第八章兰(西)广通道

Chapter 8 Lanzhou（Xining）- Guangzhou Passage第八章兰（西）广通道
目录
03
Guiyang贵阳
Guangzhou广州
04
Chapter 8 Lanzhou（Xining）- Guangzhou Passage兰（西）广通道
兰（西）广通道由西宁、兰州出发，向东南经成都、重庆、贵阳，抵达广州。途经：兰州（西宁）--成都（重庆）--贵阳--广州高速铁路。该通道贯通兰西、成渝、黔中、珠三角等城市群。如图8-1 兰（西）广通道走向图所示。
Fig. 8-3 White Pagoda Hill
Tourist Attractions 旅游景点
Wuquan Mountain Park 王泉山公园（Fig. 8-4）Wuquan Mountain Park is located at the northern foot of Gaolan Mountain on the south side of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province. It is a well-known tourist attraction with a history of more than two thousand years. The park's attractions are mainly five famous springs and ancient Buddhist buildings. It is more than 1,600 meters above sea level and covers an area of 267,000 square meters. There are more than 10 buildings since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, more than 1,000, and a building area of more than 10,000 square meters and its scale is grand.

The Third International Chinese Language

2023亚运会英文词汇

文明中国英语名词练习30题

LangPing英文简介

大学英语(三)口语考试题(附参考答案)

岳阳楼、滕王阁、黄鹤楼英语介绍

亚运会邀请国

先农坛英文介绍

高中英语必修4Unit4教案

先农坛英文介绍

中国国家队的英语

英美文学选读Literature

中国戏剧英文介绍

公共利益与个人利益的不同作文（英语加汉语）

公示语汉英翻译的问题与对策

2023亚运会英文词汇

亚运比赛场馆中英文名称对照

THAILAND_AND_CHINA

英语作文功夫熊猫

高速铁路旅游英语 第八章 兰(西)广通道

高速铁路旅游英语第八章兰(西)广通道