吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-盎格鲁-诺曼底时期【圣才出品】
(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄).
②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation.
③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths.
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解
读书笔记
主要知识点都涵盖了，但是错别字情况有点多、有的译文也不太准确，读的时候要注意分辨一下。
精彩摘录
hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety. A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America. “a common blessing and father to them all”. Father of American Poetry moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source of corruption. neoclassic ideals of clarity, restraint, simplicity and balance.
11.1复习笔记 11.2考研真题与典型题详解
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)-第四章 文艺复兴时期【圣才出品】
第四章文艺复兴时期
填空题
1. The term _______ originally indicated a revival of classic Greek and Roman arts and science after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism.（北京交通大学2006研）【答案】Renaissance
【解析】Renaissance—文艺复兴起初是指经历了漫长、蒙昧的中世纪后，对古希腊和罗马艺术及科学的复兴。
2. Shakespeare’s authentic non-dramatic poetry consists of two _______ and 154 _______.（国际关系学院2009研）
【答案】long poems；sonnets
【解析】莎士比亚的作品除了戏剧之外，还包括两首长诗（“Venus and Adonis”及“The Rape of Lucrece”）和154首十四行诗。
3. “Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines” is a line taken from “Sonnet 18” by William Shakespeare. The underlined phrase refers to _______.（首师大2008研）
【答案】the sun.
【解析】“天空中的眼睛”指的是太阳。此句意为：有时候阳光过于炽烈。
4 In William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18, the speaker compares his beloved to the
吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄).
②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation.
③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths.
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-
弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙【圣才出品】
第39章弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙
39.1复习笔记
Virginia Woolf(1882-1941)(弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫)
1.Life(生平)
Virginia Woolf was the daughter of Sir Leslie Stephen,the biographer,critic and editor of the Dictionary of National Biography.She was educated at home and in frequent contact with her father’s literary and political friends.After his father’s death in1904,she settled with her families in Bloomsbury,where she was a member of the Bloomsbury Group.In1912Virginia married Leonard Woolf,a journalist,essayist and political thinker.Together they founded the Hogarth Press in1917.From childhood she suffered from fits of nervous breakdown.Her husband encouraged her to write novels.Her house in London was bombed by Nazi planes during the Second World War.She fell into a spiritual depression and became ill again.In1941,after completing her last novel,Between the Acts,she drowned herself in a river for fear that she would lose her mind and became a burden to her husband.
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》笔记和考研真题详解-第7章浪漫主义时期【圣才出品】
吴伟仁《英国⽂学史及选读》笔记和考研真题详解-第7章浪漫主义时期【圣才出品】
第7章浪漫主义时期
7.1 复习笔记
I. Background Knowledge（背景知识）
At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, romanticism appeared in England as a new trend in literature. It rose and grew under the impetus of the Industrial Revolution and French Revolution.
Romanticism prevailed in England during the period 1798-1832. The co-authored book Lyrical Ballads published in 1798 by the poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge marked the beginning of romanticism, while the death of Walter Scott in 1832 declared the ending of it.
18世纪末19世纪初，在英国⼯业⾰命和法国⼤⾰命的影响下，浪漫主义成为⼀种新的⽂学思潮应运⽽⽣。
1798年华兹华斯和柯勒律治共同编写的《抒情歌谣集》标志浪漫主义时期的开始，1832年沃尔特·司各特的去世则宣告浪漫主义时期的结束。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库（含名校考研真题）-第三章杰弗里
吴伟仁《英国⽂学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库（含名校考研真题）-第三章杰弗⾥
第三章杰弗⾥·乔叟
填空题
1. Geoffrey Chaucer’s famous work ______ contains 20-odd stories unified by a fictitious pilgrimage.（天津外国语2008研）【答案】The Canterbury Tales
【解析】乔叟的代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》，其中涵盖了20个完整的、虚构出来的朝圣之旅的故事。（乔叟在去世前只完成了全书的总引和20个完整的故事，另有4个故事的残⽚。）
2. ______ is generally considered to be Chaucer’s masterpiece. （国际关系学院2007研）
【答案】The Canterbury Tales
【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》被公认为是乔叟的代表作。
3. The English great writer Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1343 and died in 1400. His most important work is ______, a long poem made up of a general introduction and 24 stories. （南开⼤学2007研）
【答案】The Canterbury Tales
【解析】乔叟的代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》，是⼀⾸由⼀篇序⾔和24个故事（其中22个诗体和两个散⽂体）组成的长诗。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-阿尔弗雷德
第31章阿尔弗雷德•丁尼生
31.1复习笔记
Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892)(阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生)
1.Life(生平)
Alfred Tennyson,the most important poet of the Victorian Age,was born in1809at Somersby Rectory,Lincolnshire,the fourth son of an Anglican clergyman.In1827he went to Cambridge.He and his brother published Poems by Two Brothers,which attracted the attention of“apostles”,a group of undergraduate literary club led by Arthur Henry Hallam,who later became Tennyson’s closest friend.His Poems in1842won Tennyson first critical success.In1850, with the publication of In Memoriam,which is a tribute to Hallam,he was appointed poet laureate in succession to Wordsworth.Then he finally could afford to marry Emily Sellwood, whom he had loved since1836.He remained in this position until he died at83years old,longer than any other before or after him.In1884,Tennyson was awarded a baronetcy by Queen Victoria,who greatly admired his work and his poetic genius.He was laid to rest at Westminster Abbey.England built a monument in his honor.
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含考研真题)】-第一~二章【圣才出品】
第一章殖民地时期的美国文学
填空题
1. The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of ______.
【答案】England
【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。
2. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ______.
【答案】American Puritanism
【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。
3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the ______ values that dominated much of the early American writing.
【答案】Puritan
【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。这些价值观也影响了早期的美国文学。
4. Many Puritans wrote verse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and
(完整word版)英国文学史复习资料(吴伟仁版上册)
英国文学史复习资料（上册）
★《贝奥武夫》Beowulf 它体现的是英雄叙事长诗，完成于公元九世纪。全诗长3183行，以斯堪的纳维亚（Scandinavia）的英雄贝奥武夫（Beowulf）的英勇事迹构成主要内容。勇士贝奥武甫与怪物格伦德尔搏斗，使其断臂而死。怪物之母为子复仇，又被他追踪杀死。后来他做了国王。一次火龙来犯，他挺身斩龙，伤重而死，人民为他举行了隆重的葬礼。本诗以西撒克斯（Wessex）方言写成，押头韵而不押尾韵，用双字隐喻而不用明喻。是现存古英语文学中最古老的作品，是流传至今的欧洲最完整的一部史诗，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。在语言学方面也是相当珍贵的文献。（安格鲁-撒克逊时期）
★《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight是英语韵文浪漫诗的杰出代表。全诗共2529行，作者不详，创作于诺曼时期向新时代过渡的14世纪它的题材属于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的传说系列。作品以巨大的艺术表现力反映了骑士制度的理想，是中世纪封建贵族文化的精髓。在艺术上，此诗语言优美含蓄，情节完整紧凑，人物性格细腻丰满，诗中对大自然的精确而富于魅力的描写尤为引人注目，代表了中古英格兰北部头韵体诗歌艺术的最高成就。（安格鲁-罗马时期）
★杰弗雷·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer,约1343～1400）率先采用伦敦方言写作，并创作“英雄双行体”，对英国民族语言和文学的发展影响极大，故被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》Canterbury Tales,描写一群香客（pilgrim）聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里，准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣。店主人建议香客们在往返途中各讲两个故事，看谁讲的最好。故事集包括了23个故事，其中最精彩的故事有：骑士讲的爱情悲剧故事、巴斯妇讲的骑士的故事、卖赎罪券者讲的劝世寓言故事、教士讲的动物寓言故事、商人讲的家庭纠纷的故事、农民讲的感人的爱情和慷慨义气行为的故事。作品广泛地反映了资本主义萌芽时期的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败、教士的贪婪和伪善，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。《坎特伯雷故事集》的艺术成就
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)-章节题库(第四~五章)【圣才出品】
第四章英国启蒙运动阶段
一、填空题
1.The Graveyard Poets were a number of pre-Romantic English poets of the18th century characterized by their gloomy meditations on mortality in the context of the graveyard.A contemplative and mellow mood is achieved in the celebrated opening verse of Gray’s_____.
【答案】Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
【解析】这首诗充满感伤情调，成为18世纪后期感伤主义诗歌的典范之作。
2.Swift is a master of_____,his satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and
an apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful.
【答案】satirist
【解析】乔纳森·斯威夫特（1667—1745）是英国作家、政治家、讽刺文学大师，代表作品《格列夫游记》《一只桶的故事》。
3.It is simply for convenience that we study the18th century English literature in three main divisions:the region of_____,the revival of_____,and the beginning of _____.
《美国文学史及选读》考研吴伟仁版考研复习笔记和真题
《美国文学史及选读》考研吴伟仁版考研复
习笔记和真题
第一部分殖民地时期的美国文学
第1章约翰·史密斯
1.1 复习笔记
I. Historical Introduction (历史背景)
(1) At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the vast continental area that was to become the United States had been probed only slightly by English and European explorers. At last early in the seventeenth century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.
(2) The colonies that became the first United States were for the most part sustained by English traditions, ruled by English laws, supported by English commerce, and named after English monarchs and English lands.
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-理查德
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》（重排版）笔记和考研真题详解-
理查德
第16章理查德?布林斯利?谢里丹
16.1复习笔记
I.18th Century Drama(18世纪戏剧)
The English drama of the18th century does not reach the same high level as its novel.One of the main reasons is that the Licensing Act of1737,which drove Fielding out of the theatre, restricted the freedom of expression by dramatists.But playwrights in this period showed great interest in Shakespeare,so did the criticism and editions.Only Goldsmith and Sheridan produced works that are of high literary value and still retain their interest upon the stage.
18世纪英国戏剧没有取得与小说一样的成就。主要原因之一便是1737年通过的戏剧审查法案，这一法案将菲尔丁赶出戏剧领域，同时也限制了剧作家的言论自由。但是这一时期的演员、评论和选集对莎士比亚的作品表现出极大的兴趣。只有哥尔德史密斯和谢里丹的剧作有较高的文学价值，至今仍被搬上舞台。
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-托马斯
第14章托马斯•格雷
14.1复习笔记
Thomas Gray(1716-1771)(托马斯·格雷)
1.Life(生平)
Thomas Gray was in his youth a weakling,and his unhappy childhood caused his melancholy which is noticeable in all his poems.He graduated from Cambridge and lived a life of serenity as a professor of history and modern languages at Cambridge.He died in his own room at Pembroke College and was buried in the little churchyard of Stoke Poges.Gray turned out to be a poet of transition from the neoclassic to the Romantic period.
托马斯·格雷从小体弱多病，他不幸的童年造成了他的忧郁，这种忧郁在他的诗中随处可见。他毕业于剑桥，后作为历史和现代语言教师任教于剑桥，过着平静的生活。格雷死于彭布罗克学院自己的房间里，被葬于斯托克波吉斯的小墓园中。他是新古典主义过渡到浪漫主义时期的诗人。
2.Major Works(主要作品)
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽歌》
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-查尔斯
第26章查尔斯•狄更斯
26.1复习笔记
I.Background Knowledge(背景知识)
(1)The Victorian period represents the Queen Victoria’s reign(1837-1901).But this new era
really began with the passing of the Reform Bill in1832and closed at the end of Boer War in 1902.
(2)Democracy became the established order,and the House of Commons became the ruling
power in England.The suffrage was rapidly extended.
(3)The reformed parliament achieved legislative accomplishment in issues including the
emancipation of slaves in British dominions,colonial administration,religious tolerance, pauperism,sanitation,free trade,etc.
(4)The major social conflict was labor and capital.The years between1832and the early1850s
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-乔治·萧伯纳【圣才出品】
第37章乔治·萧伯纳
37.1复习笔记
George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950)(乔治‧萧伯纳)
1.Life(生平)
George Bernard Shaw was born in Dublin,Ireland.His education was irregular,due to his dislike of any organized training.At twenty he moved to London,where he established himself as a leading music and theatre critic in the eighties and nineties and became a prominent member of the Fabian Society(an association founded in1884of British socialists advocating the establishment of democratic socialism by gradual reforms within the law),for which he composed many pamphlets.He began his literary career as a novelist;as a fervent advocate of the new theatre of Ibsen,he decided to write plays in order to illustrate his criticism of the English stage.In1926,Bernard Shaw received the Nobel Prize in Literature“for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity,its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty”.
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第2章盎格鲁-诺曼底时期
2.1复习笔记
I.Background Knowledge(1066-1350)(背景知识)
1.The Norman Conquest(诺曼征服)
A.Brief Introduction(简介)
The French-speaking Normans began their conquest of Anglo-Saxon England under William, Duke of Normandy,with the battle of Hastings in1066.
说法语的诺曼底人在威廉公爵的带领下，在1066年的黑斯廷斯战役中打败了英国人，开始了对英国的统治。
B.Chief Influences(主要影响)
(1)The bringing of Roman civilization to England;
(2)The growth of nationality,i.e.a strong centralized government,instead of the loose union of
Saxon tribes;
(3)The birth of new English language and literature due to the integration with French
vocabulary.
（1）将罗曼文化带到英格兰；
（2）促进了国家的发展，强大的中央集权政府代替了散乱的撒克逊部落联盟；（3）和法国语言的融合产生了新的英语语言和文学。
II.Features of the New Literature(新文学特征)
(1)The new literature is a combination of French and Anglo-Saxon elements.
(2)There are three classes of new literature:
①Matter of France(tales about Charlemagne and his peers);
②Matter of Greece and Rome(tales about Alexander and the fall of Troy);
③Matter of Britain(tales about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table).
（1）新文学是法国和盎格鲁-撒克逊因素的结合。
（2）新文学故事的类别包括：
①取材于法国（查理曼大帝和他贵族们的故事）;
②取材于希腊和罗马（亚历山大大帝和特洛伊毁灭的故事）;
③取材于英格兰（亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事）。
III.Literary Terms(文学术语)
1.The Romance(传奇文学)
A.The Content of the Romance(传奇定义)
Romance was the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England.It was a long composition,sometimes in verse,sometimes in prose,describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.The central character of romances was the knight,a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons.The code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry.
Typical work is Le Morte D’Arthur,a collection of stories about King Arthur,translated from French by Sir Thomas Malory.
传奇文学是封建英国最为盛行的文学体裁。它一般是长篇作品，主要描述高尚的英雄的生平和冒险。传奇的中心人物是骑士，骑士出身高贵并且善使武器。骑士以其骑士精神著称。
传奇典型代表作是由托马斯·马洛里由法语翻译而来的《亚瑟王之死》，是关于亚瑟王生平故事的选集。
B.The Romance Cycles(传奇分类)
The romances are divided into such groups or cycles as the“matters of Britain”,“matters of France”and“matters of Rome”.The“matters of Britain”are about adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.The“matters of France”are of Emperor Charlemagne and his peers.The“matters of Rome”are about Alexander the Great and so forth.
传奇可分为“英国类”，“法国类”和“罗马类”。“英国类”传奇是关于亚瑟王和他的圆桌武士的冒险。“法国类”是关于查理曼大帝和他的贵族们。“罗马类”
是关于亚历山大大帝。
C.The Class Nature of the Romance(传奇的阶级本质)
The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances,as loyalty was the corner stone of feudal morality.The romances had nothing to do with the common people.They were composed for the noble,of the noble.
对国王和统治者的忠诚是传奇中反复强调的主题，因为忠诚是封建道德的基石。传奇与平民无关，传奇是由贵族而作也是为贵族而写的。
IV.Major Works(中世纪主要作品)
◆Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》
A.Content(简要内容)
The story can be divided into three parts:challenge of the Green Knight;Gawain’s quest for the Green Knight in the forest;the meeting of the two in the Green Chapel and the hero’s temptations.
故事可以分成三部分：绿衣骑士的战书；高文在森林里对绿衣骑士的请求；两人在绿色教堂的见面，高文受到各种诱惑。
B.Analysis of the Story(作品分析)
Gawain is concerned with the rights and wrongs of conduct.It is a series of tests on loyalty, courage and chastity.Gawain’s concealment of the green gridle reveals that he values his own life more than his honesty.However,he ultmately confess and repent of his sin honorably; threreafter he voluntarily wears the girdle as a symbol of his sin.Though he survives the quest, Gawain recognizes the problematic nature of chivalry ideals for a person must above all remain conscious of his or her own mortality and weakness.The motif of the Green Knight’s head cutting might originated in ancient vegetation myth in which the beheading would have been a ritual death to ensure a rebirth in the following spring.There is a very clear structure in the story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.
The poem is told with the purpose of portraying ideal character in action,with a preference for irony,suggestion and implication,and morality in which the humor merges with the morally seriousness.
高文是人们行为是非判断的导向。故事讲述了一系列对忠诚、勇气及纯洁的考验。