课时作业(三十六)
2014届高考数学一轮复习方案 第36讲 均值不等式课时作业 新人教B版
课时作业(三十六) [第36讲 均值不等式](时间:45分钟 分值:100分)基础热身1.[教材改编试题] 函数y =x +1x(x <0)的值域为( )A .(-∞,-2]B .(0,+∞)C .[2,+∞)D .(2,+∞)2.若M =a 2+4a(a ∈R ,a ≠0),则M 的取值范围为( )A . (-∞,-4]∪[4,+∞)B .(-∞,-4]C .[4,+∞)D .[-4,4]3.[2012·济南外国语学校质检] 已知x >0,y >0,x +3y =1,则1x +13y 的最小值是( )A .2 2B .2C .4D .4 24.已知a >0,b >0,且a +2b =ab ,则ab 的最小值是( ) A .4 B .8 C .16 D .32 能力提升5.[2012·锦州月考] 已知x >0,y >0,x ,a ,b ,y 成等差数列,x ,c ,d ,y 成等比数列,则(a +b )2cd的最小值是( )A .0B .1C .2D .46.[2012·郑州预测] 若向量a =(x -1,2),b =(4,y )相互垂直,则9x +3y的最小值为( )A .12B .2 3C .3 2D .67.[2012·黄冈中学调研] 已知二次不等式ax 2+2x +b >0的解集为⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫x ⎪⎪⎪x ≠-1a 且a >b ,则a 2+b 2a -b的最小值为( )A .1 B. 2 C .2 D .2 28.已知x >0,y >0,且2x +1y=1,若x +2y >m 2+2m 恒成立,则实数m 的取值范围是( )A .(-∞,-2)∪[4,+∞)B .(-∞,-4)∪[2,+∞)C .(-2,4)D .(-4,2)9.[2012·浙江卷] 若正数x ,y 满足x +3y =5xy ,则3x +4y 的最小值是( ) A.245 B.285C .5D .610.已知x >0,y >0,x +2y +2xy =8,则x +2y 的最小值是________.11.[2012·天津一中月考] 若正实数x ,y 满足2x +y +6=xy ,则xy 的最小值是________.12.设a >0,b >0,且不等式1a +1b +k a +b ≥0恒成立,则实数k 的最小值等于________.13.[2012·武汉部分重点中学联考] 一批货物随17列货车从A 市以v km/h 匀速直达B 市,已知两地铁路路线长400 km ,为了安全,两列货车间距离不得小于⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫v 202km ,那么这批货物全部运到B 市,最快需要________ h(不计货车的车身长).14.(10分)若x ,y ∈R ,且满足(x 2+y 2+2)(x 2+y 2-1)-18≤0. (1)求x 2+y 2的取值范围; (2)求证:xy ≤2.15.(13分)(1)已知a ,b 是正常数, a ≠b ,x ,y ∈(0,+∞),求证:a 2x +b 2y ≥(a +b )2x +y,并指出等号成立的条件;(2)利用(1)的结论求函数f (x )=2x +91-2x ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x ∈⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,12的最小值,并指出取最小值时x的值.难点突破16.(12分)如图K36-1,公园有一块边长为2的等边△ABC的边角地,现修成草坪,图中DE把草坪分成面积相等的两部分,D在AB上, E在AC上.(1)设AD=x(x≥1),ED=y,求用x表示y的函数关系式;(2)如果DE是灌溉水管,为节约成本,希望它最短,DE的位置应在哪里?如果DE是参观线路,则希望它最长,DE的位置又应在哪里?请予以证明.图K36-1课时作业(三十六)【基础热身】1.A [解析] ∵x <0,∴-x >0,∴y =x +1x =-⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤(-x )+1(-x )≤-2.故选A. 2.A [解析] M =a 2+4a(a ∈R ,a ≠0),当a >0时,M ≥4,当a <0时, M ≤-4.3.C [解析] 1x +13y =x +3y x +x +3y 3y =2+3y x +x3y≥2+23y x ·x 3y =4.当且仅当3yx=x 3y ,即x =12,y =16时等号成立,故选C. 4.B [解析] 因为a >0,b >0,所以a +2b ≥22ab ,则ab =a +2b ≥22ab ,所以ab ≥22,即ab ≥8.故选B.【能力提升】5.D [解析] 依题意,得a +b =x +y ,cd =xy ,于是(a +b )2cd =(x +y )2xy =x 2+y 2+2xyxy≥2xy +2xy xy=4.故选D.6.D [解析] 依题意得知4(x -1)+2y =0,即2x +y =2,9x +3y =32x +3y ≥232x ×3y=232x +y=232=6,当且仅当2x =y =1时取等号,因此9x +3y的最小值是6,选D.7.D [解析] 由已知得函数f (x )=ax 2+2x +b 的图象与x 轴只有一个公共点,且a >0,所以22-4ab =0,即ab =1,所以a 2+b 2a -b =(a -b )2+2ab a -b =(a -b )+2a -b≥2 2.故选D.8.D [解析] 因为x >0,y >0,且2x +1y=1,所以x +2y =(x +2y )⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +1y=4+4y x +x y≥4+24y x ·xy =8,当且仅当⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧4y x =x y ,2x +1y =1即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x =4,y =2时等号成立,由此可得(x +2y )min =8.依题意,要使x +2y >m 2+2m 恒成立,只需(x+2y )min >m 2+2m 恒成立,即8>m 2+2m ,解得-4<m <2.故选D.9.C [解析] 由x >0,y >0,x +3y =5xy 得15y +35x =1,则3x +4y =(3x +4y )·⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫15y +35x =3x 5y +95+45+12y 5x ≥135+23x 5y ·12y 5x =5,当且仅当3x 5y =12y 5x ,即x =1,y =12时等号成立. 10.4 [解析] 依题意得(x +1)(2y +1)=9, ∴(x +1)+(2y +1)≥2(x +1)(2y +1)=6,∴x +2y ≥4,即x +2y 的最小值是4.11.18 [解析] 由已知等式,运用基本不等式,可得xy =2x +y +6≥22xy +6,整理得(xy )2-22xy -6≥0,解得xy ≤-2(舍去)或xy ≥32,所以xy ≥18,即xy 的最小值为18.12.-4 [解析] 由1a +1b +k a +b ≥0,得k ≥-(a +b )2ab ,而(a +b )2ab =b a +ab+2≥4(a=b 时取等号),所以-a +b 2ab ≤-4,因此要使k ≥-(a +b )2ab恒成立,应有k ≥-4,即实数k 的最小值等于-4.13.8 [解析] 依题意,设全部货车从A 市到B 市的时间为t ,则t =400v+16×⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫v 202v=400v +16v 400≥2400v ·16v400=216=8.故填8. 14.解:(1)由(x 2+y 2)2+(x 2+y 2)-20≤0, 得(x 2+y 2+5)(x 2+y 2-4)≤0,因为x 2+y 2+5>0,所以有0≤x 2+y 2≤4, 故x 2+y 2的取值范围为[0,4].(2)证明:由(1)知x 2+y 2≤4,由基本不等式得xy ≤x 2+y 22≤42=2,所以xy ≤2. 15.解:(1)证明:⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫a 2x +b 2y (x +y )=a 2+b 2+a 2y x +b 2x y ≥a 2+b 2+2a 2y x ·b 2xy=(a +b )2, 故a 2x +b 2y ≥(a +b )2x +y, 当且仅当a 2yx=b 2x y ,即a x =b y时上式取等号.(2)由(1)得f (x )=222x +321-2x ≥(2+3)22x +(1-2x )=25,当且仅当22x =31-2x ,即x =15时上式取最小值,即f (x )min =25. 【难点突破】16.解:(1)在△ADE 中,y 2=x 2+AE 2-2x ·AE ·cos60°⇒y 2=x 2+AE 2-x ·AE .① 又S △ADE =12S △ABC ⇒32=12x ·AE ·sin60°⇒x ·AE =2.②将②代入①得y 2=x 2+⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2x 2-2(y >0), ∴y =x 2+4x2-2(1≤x ≤2).(2)如果DE 是水管,y =x 2+4x2-2≥2·2-2=2,当且仅当x 2=4x2,即x =2时“=”号成立,故DE ∥BC ,且DE = 2.如果DE 是参观线路,记f (x )=x 2+4x2,可知函数f (x )在[1,2]上单调递减,在[2,2]上单调递增, 故f (x )max =f (1)=f (2)=5,∴y max =5-2= 3. 即DE 为AB 边中线或AC 边中线时,DE 最长.。
高考数学一轮复习课时作业(三十六) 数列求和 (3)
课时作业(三十六) 数列求和1.数列{a n }的通项公式是a n =1n +n +1,若前n 项和为10,则项数n 为( )A .120B .99C .11D .121 A [a n =1n +n +1 =n +1-n(n +1+n )(n +1-n )=n +1 -n ,所以a 1+a 2+…+a n =( 2 -1)+( 3 - 2 )+…+(n +1 -n )=n +1 -1=10.即n +1 =11,所以n +1=121,n =120.]2.(2021·山东济南实验中学检测)已知等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,若S 3=9,S 5=25,则S 7=( )A .41B .48C .49D .56C [设S n =An 2+Bn ,由题意知⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧S3=9A +3B =9,S5=25A +5B =25, 解得A =1,B =0,所以S 7=49,故选C 项.]3.数列{1+2n -1}的前n 项和为( ) A .1+2n B .2+2n C .n +2n -1D .n +2+2nC [由题意得a n =1+2n -1,所以S n =1+20+1+21+…+1+2n -1=n +1-2n1-2 =n +2n -1.故选C 项.]4.(多选)已知数列{a n }:12 ,13 +23 ,14 +24 +34 ,…,110 +210 +…+910 ,…,若b n =1an·an -1,设数列{b n }的前n 项和为S n ,则( )A .a n =n2B .a n =nC .S n =4nn +1D .S n =5nn +1AC [由题意得a n =1n +1 +2n +1 +…+n n +1 =1+2+3+…+n n +1 =n 2 ,所以b n =1n2·n +12 =4n (n +1)=4⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1n -1n +1 ,所以数列{b n }的前n 项和S n =b 1+b 2+b 3+…+b n =4⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1-12+12-13+13-14+…+1n -1n +1 =4⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1-1n +1 =4nn +1.故选AC 项.] 5.已知数列{a n }满足a 1=1,a n +1·a n =2n (n ∈N *),则S 2 020等于( ) A .22 020-1 B .3×21 010-3 C .3×22 021-1D .3×21 009-2B [∵a 1=1,a 2=2a1=2,又an +2·an +1an +1·an=2n +12n =2,∴an +2an =2.∴a 1,a 3,a 5,…成等比数列;a 2,a 4,a 6,…成等比数列, ∴S 2 020=a 1+a 2+a 3+a 4+a 5+a 6+…+a 2 019+a 2 020 =(a 1+a 3+a 5+…+a 2 019)+(a 2+a 4+a 6+…+a 2 020) =1-21 0101-2 +2(1-21 010)1-2=3×21 010-3.故选B.]6.S n 为等比数列{a n }的前n 项和.若a 1=1,且3S 1,2S 2,S 3成等差数列,则a n =________. 解析: 由3S 1,2S 2,S 3成等差数列,得4S 2=3S 1+S 3,即3S 2-3S 1=S 3-S 2,则3a 2=a 3,得公比q =3,所以a n =a 1q n -1=3n -1.答案: 3n -17.设S n 是数列{a n }的前n 项和,且a 1=1,a n +1+S n S n +1=0,则S n =________,数列{S n S n +1}的前n 项和为________.解析: ∵a n +1=S n +1-S n ,a n +1+S n S n +1=0, ∴S n +1-S n +S n S n +1=0, ∴1Sn +1 -1Sn=1.又∵1S1 =1a1=1,∴⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫1Sn 是以1为首项,1为公差的等差数列, ∴1Sn =n ,∴S n =1n .∴S n S n +1=1n (n +1) =1n -1n +1 , ∴T n =⎝⎛⎭⎫1-12 +⎝⎛⎭⎫12-13 +…+⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1n -1n +1=1-1n +1 =nn +1 .答案: 1n ;nn +18.(2020·南京市金陵中学适应性训练)数列{a n }的通项公式为a n =n cos nπ2 ,其前n 项和为S n ,则S 2 020=________.解析: ∵数列a n =n cos nπ2 呈周期性变化,观察此数列规律如下:a 1=0,a 2=-2,a 3=0,a 4=4.故S 4=a 1+a 2+a 3+a 4=2. a 5=0,a 6=-6,a 7=0,a 8=8, 故a 5+a 6+a 7+a 8=2,∴周期T =4. ∴S 2 020=2 0204 ×2=1 010.答案: 1 0109.已知等差数列{a n }满足a n +1+n =2a n +1. (1)求{a n }的通项公式;(2)记S n 为{a n }的前n 项和,求数列{1Sn }的前n 项和T n .解析: (1)由已知{a n }为等差数列,记其公差为d .①当n ≥2时,⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧an +1+n =2an +1an +n -1=2an -1+1,所以d =1,②当n =1时,a 2+1=2a 1+1,所以a 1=1. 所以a n =n .(2)由(1)可得S n =n (n +1)2 ,所以1Sn =2n (n +1) =2(1n -1n +1),所以T n =2[(1-12 )+(12 -13 )+(13 -14 )+…+(1n -1n +1 )]=2(1-1n +1 )=2n n +1.10.(2020·福州市适应性考试)已知数列{a n }满足a 1=2,na n +1-(n +1)a n =2n (n +1),设b n =ann. (1)求数列{b n }的通项公式;(2)若c n =2bn -n ,求数列{c n }的前n 项和.解析: (1)法一:因为b n =ann 且na n +1-(n +1)a n =2n (n +1),所以b n +1-b n =an +1n +1 -ann =2,又b 1=a 1=2,所以{b n }是以2为首项,以2为公差的等差数列. 所以b n =2+2(n -1)=2n .法二:因为b n =ann ,所以a n =nb n ,又na n +1-(n +1)a n =2n (n +1),所以n (n +1)b n +1-(n +1)nb n =2n (n +1), 即b n +1-b n =2, 又b 1=a 1=2,所以{b n }是以2为首项,以2为公差的等差数列. 所以b n =2+2(n -1)=2n .(2)由(1)及题设得,c n =22n -n =4n -n ,所以数列{c n }的前n 项和S n =(41-1)+(42-2)+…+(4n -n ) =(41+42+…+4n )-(1+2+…+n )=4-4n×41-4 -n (1+n )2=4n +13 -n2+n 2 -43.11.(多选)(2020·江苏南京高三月考)若数列{a n }的前n 项和是S n ,且S n =2a n -2,数列{b n }满足b n =log 2a n ,则下列选项正确的是( )A .数列{a n }是等差数列B .a n =2nC .数列{a 2n }的前n 项和为22n +1-23D .数列⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫1bn·bn +1 的前n 项和为T n ,则T n <1BD [当n =1时,a 1=2,当n ≥2时,由S n =2a n -2,得S n -1=2a n -1-2, 两式相减得:a n =2a n -1, 又a 2=2a 1,所以数列{a n }是以2为首项以2为公比的等比数列,所以a n =2n ,a 2n =4n ,数列{a 2n }的前n 项和为S ′n =4(1-4n )1-4 =4n +1-43 , 则b n =log 2a n =log 22n =n ,所以1bn·bn +1 =1n·(n +1) =1n -1n +1,所以T n =11 -12 +13 -14 +…+1n -1n +1 =1-1n +1 <1,故选BD.]12.(2020·天一大联考)已知数列{a n }满足a 1+4a 2+7a 3+…+(3n -2)a n =4n ,则a 2a 3+a 3a 4+…+a 21a 22=( )A .58B .34C .54D .52C [当n =1时,a 1=4.a 1+4a 2+7a 3+…+(3n -2)a n =4n ,当n ≥2时,a 1+4a 2+7a 3+…+(3n -5)·a n -1=4(n -1),两式相减,可得(3n -2)a n =4,故a n =43n -2 ,因为a 1=4也适合上式,所以a n =43n -2 ,n ∈N *.则a n +1a n +2=16(3n +1)(3n +4) =163 ·⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫13n +1-13n +4 ,故a 2a 3+a 3a 4+…+a 21a 22=163 ×(14 -17 +17 -110 +110 -113 +…+161 -164 )=163 ×⎝⎛⎭⎫14-164 =54.] 13.(开放题)(2020·山东模拟)在等差数列{a n }中,已知a 6=12,a 18=36. (1)求数列{a n }的通项公式a n ;(2)若________,求数列{b n }的前n 项和S n .在①b n =4anan +1 ,②b n =(-1)n a n ,③b n =2a n ·a n 这三个条件中任选一个补充在第(2)问中,并对其求解.解析: (1)设数列{a n }的公差为d ,由题意,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a1+5d =12,a1+17d =36,解得d =2,a 1=2. ∴a n =2+(n -1)×2=2n .(2)选条件①:b n =42n·2(n +1) =1n (n +1) =1n -1n +1 ,∴S n =⎝⎛⎭⎫11-12 +⎝⎛⎭⎫12-13 +…+⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1n -1n +1 =1-1n +1 =n n +1 . 选条件②:∵a n =2n ,b n =(-1)n a n =(-1)n ·2n , ∴S n =-2+4-6+8-…+(-1)n ·2n ,当n 为偶数时,S n =(-2+4)+(-6+8)+…+[-2(n -1)+2n ]=n2 ×2=n ;当n 为奇数时,n -1为偶数,S n =(n -1)-2n =-n -1.∴S n =⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧n ,n 为偶数,-n -1,n 为奇数.选条件③:∵a n =2n ,∴b n =22n ·2n =2n ·4n , ∴S n =2×41+4×42+6×43+…+2n ·4n ,4S n =2×42+4×43+6×44+…+2(n -1)·4n +2n ·4n +1, ∴-3S n =2×41+2×42+2×43+…+2·4n -2n ·4n +1=8(1-4n )1-4 -2n ·4n +1=8(1-4n )-3-2n ·4n +1,∴S n =89 (1-4n )+2n3·4n +1.14.已知数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,且满足2S n =n -n 2(n ∈N *). (1)求数列{a n }的通项公式;(2)设b n =⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧2an ,n =2k -1,2(1-an )(1-an +2),n =2k k ∈N *,数列{b n }的前n 和为T n .若T 2n =a ⎝⎛⎭⎫14 n -12n +2+b 对n ∈N *恒成立,求实数a ,b 的值. 解析: (1)①当n =1时,由2S 1=2a 1=1-12得a 1=0;②当n ≥2时,2a n =2S n -2S n -1=n -n 2-[(n -1)-(n -1)2]=2-2n ,则a n =1-n (n ≥2), 显然当n =1时也适合上式, 所以a n =1-n (n ∈N *). (2)因为2(1-an )(1-an +2)=2n (n +2) =1n -1n +2,所以T 2n =(b 1+b 3+…+b 2n -1)+(b 2+b 4+…+b 2n )=(20+2-2+…+22-2n )+⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤⎝⎛⎭⎫12-14+⎝⎛⎭⎫14-16+…+⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12n -12n +2 = 1-⎝⎛⎭⎫14n1-14+12 -12n +2 =116 -43 ⎝⎛⎭⎫14 n -12n +2 . 因为T 2n =a ⎝⎛⎭⎫14 n-12n +2+b 对n ∈N *恒成立,所以a =-43 ,b =116 .15.已知数列{a n }的所有项都是正数,且满足a1 +a2 +…+an =n 2+3n (n ∈N *),下列说法正确的是( )A .数列{a n }的通项公式为a n =4(n +1)2B .数列⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫an n +1 是等差数列C .数列⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫an n +1 的前n 项和是n (n +3) D .数列⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫an 2n +1 是等比数列BD [当n =1时,a1 =4,可得a 1=16,当n ≥2时,由a1 +a2 +…+an -1 +an =n 2+3n ,可得a1 +a2 +…+an -1 =(n -1)2+3(n -1)=n 2+n -2,两式相减得an =2(n +1),得a n =4(n +1)2,又a 1=16也适合上式,则数列{a n }的通项公式为a n =4(n +1)2(n ∈N *),所以A 正确.因为ann +1 =4(n +1),所以a12 +a23 +…+ann +1=8+12+…+4(n +1)=(8+4n +4)n 2 =2n (n +3),所以C 不正确.结合等差数列、等比数列的定义,显然B ,D 都正确.]16.已知数列{a n }中,a 1=1,1an +1 =⎣⎡⎦⎤1-1(n +1)2 ·1an .若b n =ann2 ,数列{b n }的前n 项和为S n ,则S 100=( )A .100101B .200101C .300101D .400101B [因为1an +1 =⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤1-1(n +1)2 ·1an ,所以a n +1·n +2n +1 =a n ·n +1n ,所以数列⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫an·n +1n 是常数列,又a 1·1+11 =1×2=2,所以a n ·n +1n =2,解得a n =2n n +1.所以b n =an n2 =2n (n +1) =2⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1n -1n +1 ,所以S n =2⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1-12+12-13+…+1n -1n +1 =2n n +1,所以S 100=200101 .故选B 项.]。
名师金典高考人教英语总复习课时提升作业 三十六 选修 nit 含解析
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课时提升作业三十六选修8Unit 1 A land of diversity(限时35分钟)Ⅰ. 阅读理解My father was a taxi driver but I am a king—King Renato, of the country Pontinha, an island on Funchal harbour. It’s in Madeir a, Portugal, where I grew up. It was discovered in 1419; Captain Cook once came here.In 1903, the Portuguese government didn’t have enough money to build a harbor port, so the king sold the land to a wealthy British family, the Blandys, who make Madeira wine. Fourteen years ago, the family decided to sell it for just £25, 000 (£19, 500). I decided to buy it though I had no money—I was just an art teacher.I tried to find some business partners, but they all thought I was crazy to want to buy what is actually a large rock; it has a small cave, a platform on top, and no electricity or running water. So I sold some of my possessions, put my savings together and bought it.When the king of Portugal originally sold the island in 1903, he and all the governors signed a document, selling all the “possessions and thedominions (领土)” of the island. It means I can do what I want with it—I could start a restaurant, or a cinema, but nobody thought that someone would want to start a country. So that’s what I did: I decided that this would no longer be just a rock on the port of Funchal. It would be my island, about the size of a one-bedroom house.After I bought it, the governor of Madeira asked to buy my island. Of course, I said no. He said that unless I sold it back to the state, he wouldn’t let me connect to any electricity. But I have a solar panel and a small windmill, and maybe in the future I will be able to generate power from the ocean around Pontinha.【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。
课时作业36
课时作业36光的折射全反射色散时间:45分钟满分:100分一、选择题(8×8′=64′)1.酷热的夏天,在平坦的柏油公路上,你会看到在一定距离之外,地面显得格外明亮,仿佛是一片水面,似乎还能看到远处车、人的倒影.但当你靠近“水面”时,它却随你靠近而后退.对此现象正确的解释是()A.出现的是“海市蜃楼”,是由于光的折射造成的B.“水面”不存在,是由于酷热难耐,人产生的幻觉C.太阳辐射到地面,使地表温度升高,折射率大,发生全反射D.太阳辐射到地面,使地表温度升高,折射率小,发生全反射解析:酷热的夏天地面温度高,地面附近空气的密度小,空气的折射率下小上大,远处车、人反射的太阳光由光密介质射入光疏介质发生全反射.答案:D图12.如图1所示,一细束红光和一细束蓝光平行射到同一个三棱镜上,经折射后交于光屏上的同一个点M,若用n1和n2分别表示三棱镜对红光和蓝光的折射率,下列说法中正确的是()A.n1<n2,a为红光,b为蓝光B.n1<n2,a为蓝光,b为红光C.n1>n2,a为红光,b为蓝光D.n1>n2,a为蓝光,b为红光解析:由图可知,b光线经过三棱镜后的偏折角较小,因此折射率较小,是红光.故B 正确.答案:B3.香港中文大学第三任校长高锟荣获了2009年诺贝尔物理学奖.诺贝尔奖委员会高度评价了高锟的贡献,评委会指出:高锟1966年发现如何通过光学玻璃纤维远距离传输光信号的工作,成为今日电话和高速互联网等现代通信网络运行的基石.下列关于“光纤”及原理的说法中,正确的是()A.光纤通信具有传输容量大、衰减小、抗干扰性强等优点B.光纤通信、全息照相、数码相机及医用纤维式内窥镜都是利用了光的全反射原理C.实用光导纤维是由内芯和外套两层组成,内芯的折射率比外套的小,光传播时在内芯与外套的界面上发生全反射D.当今,在信号的传输领域中,光纤电缆(“光缆”)已经几乎完全取代了传统的铜质“电缆”,成为传播信息的主要工具,是互联网的骨架,并已联接到普通社区解析:全息照相是利用了光的干涉的原理,数码相机是一种利用电子传感器把光学影像转换成电子数据的照相机,它们都不是利用了光的全反射原理,B错误;实用光导纤维是由内芯和外套两层组成,内芯的折射率比外套的大,C错误.答案:AD图24.如图2所示,MN是位于竖直平面内的光屏,放在水平面上的半圆柱形玻璃砖的平面部分ab与屏平行.由光源S发出的一束白光从半圆沿半径射入玻璃砖,通过圆心O再射到屏上.在水平面内以O点为圆心沿逆时针方向缓缓转动玻璃砖,在光屏上出现了彩色光带.当玻璃砖转动角度大于某一值时,屏上彩色光带中的某种颜色的色光首先消失.有关彩色的排列顺序和最先消失的色光是()A.左紫右红,紫光B.左红右紫,紫光C.左紫右红,红光D.左红右紫,红光解析:图3如图3所示,由于紫光的折射率大,故在光屏MN上是左红右紫,并且是紫光先发生全反射,故选项B正确.答案:B5.很多公园的水池底都装有彩灯,当一细束由红、蓝两色组成的灯光从水中斜射向空气时,关于光在水面可能发生的反射和折射现象,下列光路图中正确的是()解析:红光、蓝光都要发生反射,红光的折射率较小,所以蓝光发生全反射的临界角较红光小,蓝光发生全反射时,红光不一定发生,故C正确.答案:C图46.空气中两条光线a和b从方框左侧入射,分别从方框下方和上方射出,其框外光线如图4所示.方框内有两个折射率n=1.5的玻璃全反射棱镜.下列选项中给出了两棱镜四种放置方式的示意图,其中能产生图4效果的是()图4解析:光线的传播方向改变90°,说明是从垂直全反射棱镜的直角边入射的,再根据方向改变90°后a、b光线的左右位置即可判断.答案:B7.如图5所示,一束光从空气中射向折射率n=2的某种玻璃的表面,i表示入射角,则下列说法中不正确的是()图5A.当i>45°时会发生全反射现象B.无论入射角是多大,折射角r都不会超过45°C.欲使折射角r=30°,应以i=45°的角度入射D.当入射角i=arctan2时,反射光线跟折射光线恰好垂直解析:当入射光由光疏介质射入光密介质时,无论入射角多大,都不会发生全反射.故A错.由sin isin r=n=2,当i=90°时,r=45°,故B选项对.由sin isin r=2,当r=30°时,i=45°,C选项也对.由i=arctan2,得到tan i=2,设折射角为r,从而求出sin i=cos r=6 3,cos i=sin r=33,可知i+r=90°,反射光线跟折射光线恰好垂直,D选项也对.答案:A图68.如图6所示,红色细光束a 射到折射率为2的透明球表面,入射角为45°,在球的内壁经过一次反射后,从球面射出的光线为b ,则入射光线a 与出射光线b 之间的夹角α为( )A .30°B .45°C .60°D .75°解析:由折射定律有2=sin45°sin θ,得折射角θ=30°.画出光路图,由几何关系知,夹角α=30°,A 正确.答案:A二、计算题(3×12′=36′)图79.夏日晚上,小明去游泳池游泳,他站在池边发现对岸标杆上有一灯A ,水下池壁上有一彩灯B (B 灯在图中未画出),如图7所示,他调整自己到岸边的距离,直到发现A 灯经水面反射所成的像与B 灯经水面折射后所成的像重合,此时人到对岸的距离L =10 m ,A 灯距水面高为0.5 m ,人眼E 距水面高为2 m ,水的折射率为43.(1)画出小明看到A 、B 灯的像重合时的光路图. (2)求B 灯在水面下的深度. 解析:(1)光路图如下图8所示图8(2)设水面为CF ,A 到水面的距离为L 1,B 灯与水面的距离为L 2,人眼到水面的距离为L 3,点C 、D 之间的距离为L 4,得L 4L -L 4=L 1L 3即L 410-L 4=0.52得L 4=2 m对B 灯光的折射过程,有sin θ1=sin ∠CBD =222+L 22 sin θ2=sin ∠CA ′D =222+0.52sin θ1sin θ2=1n =34得灯在水面下深处L 2=432m =1.89 m答案:(1)见解析图 (2)1.89 m图910.(2011·课标全国卷)一半圆柱形透明物体横截面如图9所示,底面AOB 镀银(图中粗线),O 表示半圆截面的圆心.一束光线在横截面内从M 点入射,经过AB 面反射后从N 点射出.已知光线在M 点的入射角为30°,∠MOA =60°,∠NOB =30°.求(i)光线在M 点的折射角; (ii)透明物体的折射率. 解析:图10(i)如图10,透明物体内部的光路为折线MPN ,Q 、M 点相对于底面EF 对称,Q 、P 和N 三点共线.设在M 点处,光的入射角为i ,折射角为r ,∠OMQ =α,∠PNF =β.根据题意有 α=30°①由几何关系得,∠PNO =∠PQO =r ,于是 β+r =60°② 且α+r =β③ 由①②③式得 r =15°④(ii)根据折射率公式有 sin i =n sin r ⑤ 由④⑤式得n =6+22. 答案:见解析11.如图11所示,AB 为一长L =30 km 的光导纤维,一束光线从端面A 射入,在侧面发生全反射,最后从B 端面射出.已知光导纤维的折射率n =1.35,光线从纤维内侧面向外射出时,临界角的正弦图11值为0.9,设在侧面发生全反射的光线从A 端传播到B 端所需时间为t ,求t 的最小值和最大值.解析:光线在光导纤维中传播的时间取决于光沿AB 方向的分速度大小,这与入射角的大小有关.设光在光导纤维中传播的速度为v ,则当入射角θ1=0时,光在光导纤维中沿AB 方向直线传播,此时时间最短,为:t min =L v ,又v =cn 可得:t min =Ln c=1.35×10-4 s 当入射角恰能使光线在光导纤维侧面发生全反射时,光在沿AB 方向分速度最小,对应时间最长,为:t max =L v ·sin α=1.5×10-4 s.答案:1.35×10-4 s 1.5×10-4 s。
2014版英语复习方略(外研版通用) 课时提升作业(三十六) 选修6 Module 6 War and Peace
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课时提升作业(三十六)Ⅰ. 单项填空1. (2013·资阳模拟)The expression on the mother’s face told us that she was _______ at the news.A. shocked; shockingB. shocking; shockingC. shocking; shockedD. shocked; shocked2. (2013·绍兴模拟)Jane has been so in housework that she hasn’t had time for social activities.A. confusedB. worriedC. devotedD. occupied3. (2013·聊城模拟), there were so many differences about the word between what the teacher said and the dictionary.A. To my astonishmentB. In my opinionC. To my joyD. In short4. his great wealth, he always remains a man of simple tastes.A. ExceptB. DespiteC. AlthoughD. Besides5. (2013·温州模拟)—But for your timely warning, we into great trouble.—Y ou know we’re friends.A. would getB. must have gotC. would have gotD. couldn’t have got6. There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we gave up.A. eventuallyB. unfortunatelyC. generouslyD. purposefully7. (2013·赣州模拟)Mr. White some knowledge of growing plants just by watching the gardeners working on them.A. picked upB. set upC. worked outD. turned out8. (2013·厦门模拟)I didn’t know anybody at t he party, but the hostess me from being embarrassed by introducing me to some people.A. helpedB. resistedC. rescuedD. refused9. (2013·海林模拟)The broken bike was found by the riverside.A. abandoningB. abandonedC. to be abandonedD. being abandoned10. (2013·青岛模拟)He spoke on the spur of the moment, without things first.A. thinking upB. thinking ofC. thinking aloudD. thinking out11. Some students are condemned in their exams.A. to failB. failingC. failedD. fail12. In September 1939, Britain Germany after Germany invaded Poland.A. was at war withB. declared war onC. went to warD. won the war13. He was told that it would be at least three months he could recover and return to work.A. whenB. beforeC. sinceD. that14. I can judge that they the enormous risks involved.A. skimmedB. observedC. overlookedD. glanced15. for the temptation to become a lucky customer, I would not have bought so many thin gs I didn’t need.A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were notⅡ. 完形填空Two jewel merchants arrived at a hotel in a desert at about the same time one night. Each was quite1of the other’s presence, and while unloading their2, one of them could not resist the3to let a large pearl fall to the ground as if by accident. It rolled in the direction of the other who, with unnatural politeness, picked it up and4it to its owner, saying “That is a fine pearl you have there, sir. As large and5as it comes. ”“How6of you to say so, ”said the other. “As a matter of fact, that is one of the7gems in my collection. ”Another man who was sitting by the fire and had8this drama, rose and invited the two of them to9with him. When they began their meal, this was the story he told them:“I, too, my friends, was once upon a time, a10like you. One day I wascaught in a great storm in the desert. It11me and my other friends this way and that till I was separated from my staff and lost my12completely.Days passed and I was13to realize that I was really wandering about in14 with no sense of where I was or which15to walk in. Then, almost dead with 16, I unloaded every bag on my camel’s back, 17searching through them for the hundredth time.Imagine my18when I came upon a small bag that had escaped my19 before. With trembling fingers I tore it open20to find something to eat. Imagine my disappointment when I found that all it contained was pearls!”(294W)1. A. afraid B. conscious C. curious D. proud2. A. donkeys B. elephants C. horses D. camels3. A. effort B. pressureC. temptationD. demand4. A. returned B. threwC. presentedD. contributed5. A. rough B. shiny C. small D. round6. A. smart B. generous C. foolish D. polite7. A. uglier B. heavier C. smaller D. larger8. A. observed B. performedC. directedD. enjoyed9. A. chat B. eat C. work D. sit10. A. bargainer B. minerC. travelerD. jeweler11. A. pulled B. showed C. beat D. led12. A. way B. friend C. jewel D. sense13. A. embarrassed B. scaredC. pleasedD. contented14. A. doubt B. mistakesC. lineD. circles15. A. hotel B. desert C. direction D. road16. A. starvation B. thirstC. sleepinessD. tiredness17. A. secretly B. anxiouslyC. patientlyD. slowly18. A. curiosity B. disappointmentC. puzzlementD. excitement19. A. attempt B. planC. noticeD. chance20. A. hoping B. meaningC. pretendingD. seekingⅢ. 短文改错(2013·唐山模拟) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
《优化方案》2013高考总复习英语(陕西专用)课时作业三十六(选修八)
高三英语·陕西专用(RJ)选修八Unit 1 班级:姓名:学号:课时作业36选修八Unit 1 A land of diversityⅠ.语音知识1.instructA.contribute B.enthusiasticC.unite D.currency2.postageA.challenge B.photographC.greedy D.goods3.delightA.carriage B.architectureC.sightseeing D.divide4.thoroughA.northern B.thrillC.though D.without5.measureA.pleasure B.defeatC.break D.eagerⅡ.单项填空1.I am sorry I didn’t________what you said.Can you explain it again?A.turn down B.take inC.pick up D.carry out2.________many times, little Tom always forgot to close the window when he left the classroom.A.Having been told B.To be toldC.Having told D.Telling3.It suddenly________to me that there was a simpler way to deal with the problem.A.appealed B.occurredC.belonged D.referred4.If you master reading skills,you can read faster and understand more of________you read.A.how B.whatC.when D.which5.—I hate________when you speak to me like that.—Sorry.It won’t happen again.A.one B.youC.them D.it6.(2012·济南针对性练习)I have the habit of surfing the Internet to________the latest news at home and abroad.A.live up to B.put up withC.keep up with D.look up to7.(2012·山东省实验中学诊断)I remember________it used to be a shabby house 20 years ago.A.how B.whereC.when D.why8.A recent survey________that the majority of people are worried about the present high price of apartments in cities.A.indicates B.includesC.imagines D.improves9.—How did you make so rapid progress in your English?Do you have any secrets?—No.Only________hard-working.A.in terms of B.in honor ofC.by means of D.on behalf of10.Less than twenty percent of the employees in their company are women.That is to say,men are in the________.A.majority B.activityC.possibility D.minority11.To________good relationships with your teachers and classmates,you should learn to be on good terms with them.A.bring up B.add upC.keep up D.come up12.—I am still at a loss what to do.—Don’t hesitate any more.It’s high time you________up your mind.A.made B.makeC.will make D.had made13.It is very________that,in many schools,the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.A.possibly B.probablyC.lovely D.likely14.We only had $100 and that was________to buy a new computer.A.nowhere near enoughB.near enough nowhereC.enough near nowhereD.near nowhere enough15.It never occurred to me________you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.A.which B.whatC.that D.ifⅢ.阅读理解(2012·甘肃省高三调研)Decision-making can be extremely difficult.Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures.In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations,the Western world turns to the“I to you” approach while Japan,the “you to you” approach.The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view.Naturally,often comes a confrontation (冲突) situation,which the Westerners are very skillful in dealing with.The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person’s point of view.Thus,the direction of the meeting is a mutual (相互的) attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony.Besides,Western decision-making goes mostly from top management and often does not consult middle management or the workers.However,in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels.Based on “bottom-up direction”,ideas can be created at the lowest levels,travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles.The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony,even if the deal falls through,and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you”approach,communicating personal views only indirectly.They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach.So the Japanese is thorough in their meetings.Thus Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in many Japanese businesses.But where the American is pressing for a specific decision,the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.On the other hand ,once a given agreement is made ,it is the Japanese who sometimes wonders at the slow pace in which the Westerners carry out the decision.The Japanese is eager to move forward and the Westerners ,perhaps ,lag (落后于) behind as they take the time for in-depth planning.1.A Japanese business bases its decision________.A .on top-down directionB .on nothing but its workers’v iewsC .on bottom-up directionD .only on its top leaders’opinions2.The text mainly tells us that Japan and the Western world________.A .face great difficulty in making decisionsB .are different in decision-making stylesC .have all members contribute to a decisionD .have two approaches :“I to you” and “you to I”3.Which of the following is TRUE of the Westerners?A .They carry out the decision once it is made.B .There are many meetings in their businesses.C .They work to achieve harmony in doing business.D .They are good at handling confrontation situation.4.The author’s attitude towards Japanese decision-making is________.A .positiveB .criticalC .negativeD .casualⅣ.信息匹配 A.Earthquake ForecastB.Historical Records of EarthquakeC.Intensities of EarthquakesD.Cause of EarthquakesE.Indications of EarthquakesF.Damaging Earthquakesearthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world.Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe.Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself.An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides (山崩) or major fires which are initiated by the quake.a million quakes a year.Fortunately ,however ,not all of them are destructive.The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale ,which goes from 0 upward.The highest scale recorded to date is 9.0.Major damage generally occurs from quakesranging upwards from 6.0. of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth’s surface.This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons ,two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’scrust and continental drift. the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes ,scientists are working on ways to make accurate prediction.Special instruments are used to help people record ,for example ,shaking of the earth.Scientists are tryingto find methods that will indicate the exact time,location and size of an earthquake.have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes.These include strange behaviours of some animals,the changes in the content of mineral water,etc..The magnetic properties (磁性) of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.选修八Unit 1 A land of diversityⅠ.语音知识1~5.DACBAⅡ.单项填空1.【解析】选B。
高中数学 第7章 三角函数 课时分层作业36 正弦、余弦函数的图象(含解析)苏教版必修第一册-苏教版
课时分层作业(三十六) 正弦、余弦函数的图象(建议用时:40分钟)一、选择题1.函数y =cos x ·|tan x |⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-π2<x <π2的大致图象是( )C [y =cos x ·|tan x |=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧sin x ,x ∈⎣⎢⎡⎭⎪⎫0,π2,-sin x ,x ∈⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫-π2,0.]2.若cos x =1-2m ,且x ∈R ,则m 的取值X 围是( ) A .[0,1]B .(0,1]C .⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤12,32D .[-1,0]A [∵cos x ∈[-1,1],∴-1≤1-2m ≤1, 解得0≤m ≤1.]3.关于三角函数的图象,有下列说法: ①y =sin|x |与y =sin x 的图象关于y 轴对称; ②y =cos(-x )与y =cos|x |的图象相同;③y =|sin x |与y =sin(-x )的图象关于x 轴对称; ④y =cos x 与y =cos(-x )的图象关于y 轴对称. 其中正确的序号是( ) A .①③ B .②④ C .②③D .①④B [对②,y =cos(-x )=cos x ,y =cos|x |=cos x ,故其图象相同;对④,y =cos(-x )=cos x ,故其图象关于y 轴对称,由作图可知①③均不正确.]4.方程x 2-cos x =0的实数解的个数是( ) A .0 B .1 C .2 D .3C [作函数y =cos x 与y =x 2的图象,如图所示,由图象可知原方程有两个实数解.]5.下列函数中:①y =sin x -1;②y =|sin x |;③y =-cos x ;④y =cos 2x ;⑤y =1-cos 2x .与函数y =sin x 形状完全相同的有( ) A .②④ B.①③ C.①④ D.②③B [y =sin x -1是将y =sin x 向下平移1个单位,没改变形状;y =-cos x =sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x -π2,故y =-cos x 是将y =sin x 向右平移π2个单位,没有改变形状,与y =sin x形状相同,∴①③完全相同,而②y =|sin x |,④y =cos 2x =|cos x |和⑤y =1-cos 2x =|sin x |与y =sin x 的形状不相同.]二、填空题 6.函数y =log 12sin x 的定义域是________.{x |2k π<x <(2k +1)π,k ∈Z } [由题意可得,⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧log 12sin x ≥0,sin x >0,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧sin x ≤1,sin x >0,∴0<sin x ≤1,由正弦函数图象可得{x |2k π<x <(2k +1)π,k ∈Z }.]7.函数y =sin x 的图象与函数y =cos x 的图象在[0,2π]内的交点坐标为________. ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π4,22和⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫5π4,-22 [在同一坐标系内画出两函数的图象(图略),易知,交点坐标为⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π4,22和⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫5π4,-22.]8.设0≤x ≤2π,且|cos x -sin x |=sin x -cos x ,则x 的取值X 围为________.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤π4,5π4 [由|cos x -sin x |=sin x -cos x 得sin x -cos x ≥0,即sin x ≥cos x .又x ∈[0,2π],结合图象(图略)可知,π4≤x ≤5π4,所以x ∈⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤π4,5π4.]三、解答题9.利用图象变换作出函数y =sin|x |,x ∈[-2π,2π]的简图.[解] ∵y =sin|x |=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧-sin x ,-2π≤x <0,sin x ,0≤x ≤2π为偶函数,∴首先用五点法作出函数y =sin x ,x ∈[0,2π]的图象;再将x ∈[0,2π]的图象关于y 轴对称.如图所示.10.作出函数y =-sin x ,x ∈[-π,π]的简图,并回答下列问题:(1)观察函数图象,写出满足下列条件的x 的区间: ①sin x >0;②sin x <0;(2)直线y =12与y =-sin x ,x ∈[-π,π]的图象有几个交点?[解] 利用“五点法”作图,如图.(1)根据图象可知在x 轴上方的部分-sin x >0,在x 轴下方的部分-sin x <0,所以当x ∈(-π,0)时,sin x <0;当x ∈(0,π)时,sin x >0.(2)画出直线y =12,由图象知有两个交点.1.函数y =|sin x |1-sin x1-sin x 的奇偶性为( )A .奇函数B .既是奇函数也是偶函数C .偶函数D .非奇非偶函数D [由题意知,当1-sin x ≠0,即sin x ≠1时,y =|sin x |1-sin x1-sin x =|sin x |,所以函数的定义域为⎩⎨⎧⎭⎬⎫x |x ≠2k π+π2,k ∈Z ,由于定义域不关于原点对称,所以该函数是非奇非偶函数.]2.已知y =cos x (0≤x ≤2π)的图象和直线y =1围成一个封闭的平面图形,该图形的面积是( )A .π B.2π C.3π D.4πB [由题意画出图形(图略),由于余弦函数图象关于点⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π2,0和点⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫3π2,0成中心对称,可得y =cos x (0≤x ≤2π)的图象和直线y =1围成的封闭图形的面积为2π×1=2π.]3.在[0,2π]内,不等式sin x <-32的解集是________. ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫4π3,5π3 [画出y =sin x ,x ∈[0,2π]的草图如下.因为sin π3=32,所以sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π+π3=-32,sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2π-π3=-32.即在[0,2π]内,满足sin x =-32的x =4π3或5π3.可知不等式sin x <-32的解集是⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫4π3,5π3.]4.已知函数f (x )=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧sin x ,x ≥0,x +2,x <0,则不等式f (x )>12的解集是________.⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫x ⎪⎪⎪-32<x <0或π6+2k π<x <5π6+2k π,k ∈N[在同一平面直角坐标系中画出函数f (x )和函数y =12的图象,如图所示.当f (x )>12时,函数f (x )的图象位于函数y =12的图象上方,此时有-32<x <0或π6+2k π<x <5π6+2k π(k ∈N ).]5.已知函数f (x )=sin x ,x ∈R .现有如下两种图象变换方案:方案1:将函数f (x )的图象上所有点的横坐标变为原来的一半,纵坐标不变,再将所得图象向左平移π6个单位长度;方案2:将函数f (x )的图象向左平移π3个单位长度,再将所得图象上所有点的横坐标变为原来的一半,纵坐标不变.请你从中选择一种方案,确定在此方案下所得函数g (x )的解析式,并解决如下问题: (1)画出函数g (x )在长度为一个周期的闭区间上的图象;(2)请你研究函数g (x )的定义域,值域,周期性,奇偶性以及单调性,并写出你的结论. [解] 方案1:将函数f (x )=sin x 的图象上所有点的横坐标变为原来的一半,纵坐标不变,得到y =sin 2x ,再将y =sin 2x 图象向左平移π6个单位长度得到y =sin 2⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x +π6=sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +π3,即g (x )=sin ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +π3.方案2:将函数f (x )=sin x 的图象向左平移π3个单位长度,得到y =sin ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫x +π3,再将y =sin ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫x +π3图象上所有点的横坐标变为原来的一半,纵坐标不变,得到y =sin ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +π3,即g (x )=sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +π3.所以,无论在何种方案下所得的函数都是g (x )=sin ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +π3. (1)如图,是函数g (x )=sin ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +π3在[0,π]这一周期上的图象:(2)函数g (x )=sin ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +π3定义域:R ;值域:[-1,1];周期:T =2π2=π;奇偶性:因为g (0)=sin π3=32≠0,±1,所以g (x )不具有奇偶性.单调性:令-π2+2k π≤2x +π3≤π2+2k π(k ∈Z ),解得-5π12+k π≤x ≤π12+k π,(k ∈Z ),即函数在⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤-5π12+k π,π12+k π(k ∈Z )上单调递增;同理可得函数的单调递减区间为:⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤π12+k π,7π12+k π(k ∈Z ).。
八年级上册英语 课时作业12
课时作业(12)Module12Unit1(20分钟50分)Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空(10分)1.—I don’t know how to help the injured boy.—Let’s ask our head teacher.He has some________(medicine)training.2.Eating unhealthy food is________(harm)for you.3.Let’s________(cover)the dining table with this table cloth.4.I often drive fast,but he drives even________(fast).5.My hobby is singing.It can make me________(happily).Ⅱ.单项选择(10分)1.—What’s wrong______you,Tom?—I feel terrible.A.ofB.withC.toD.for2.“Don’t make me______so long.”said Mr.White.A.waitB.waitingC.waitedD.waits3.Let’s ask the teacher for help.She________the answer.A.must knowB.mustn’t knowC.could knowingD.can’t know4.—Can you help me find out______?—Certainly.I will do it at once.A.when will the plane take offB.when the plane will take offC.how will the plane take offD.how the plane will take off5.It was______fine weather that they________went swimming.A.such;noneB.such;allC.so;bothD.so;neitherⅢ.完成句子(15分)1.他们立即对这个男孩进行了急救。
人教版高中地理必修3第一章 地理环境与区域发展第二节 地理信息技术在区域地理环境研究中的应用导学案
河北省望都县固店中学高中地理必修三“地理信息技术”导学案【自主回顾】完成《与名师对话》205页“知识梳理”。
【自主检测】完成《与名师对话》1——4题。
【重点学习】1.3S技术的应用:见《与名师对话》206页考点一、二补充:GIS技术应用的新领域①模拟与决策支持:如解决交通预测、交通分析等常见问题。
②科学和数学:如地质、地球物理、水文等需要三维分析功能的领域;③全球问题:如分析热带森林退化、酸雨、温室效应④全球气候监测和预报网络的GIS网络。
⑤全球环境管理:如确定全球最敏感的植物产地。
2. 航天遥感、航空遥感、近地遥感比较3.区分“3S”技术的特点及其主要的应用:4. “3S”技术手段的选取:见《与名师对话》“方法规律”。
【跟踪练习】《与名师对话》例1及变式训练1;例2及变式训练2【问题汇总】1.航空器与航天器有何区别?航空器:在大气层中飞行的飞行器。
包括气球、气艇、飞机、滑翔机、直升机等。
航天器:用于航天飞行的飞行器。
包括人造卫星、宇宙飞船、空间站、航天飞机、行星探测器等。
2.在卫星图像上,怎样通过颜色差异判断植物的生长状况?在特定的卫星图像上,健康的植被往往呈鲜红色;长势比较弱的植被颜色比较浅,由此可判断植被生长状况。
3.根据植物健康状况在反射波谱中变化的原理,遥感还可以应用到哪些领域?不同的地物和地物的不同状况,有不同的反射率,根据这个原理,可以利用遥感的工作有:判断水体污染、分析城市大气污染、监测灾害、普查资源等。
4.课本93页活动1:首先对三幅图的主要地物进行判读,比较相同地物在面积、数量、密度、长度等方面的变化,然后运用相关原理进行解释。
从三幅图的主要对比可以看出,黄河三角洲的面积在扩大,主要是泥沙沉积作用造成的;植被覆盖区的范围增加,是由于植树造林产生的;黄河水的泥沙增多,原因是水土流失的加剧;居住区和水产业建筑区的面积增加。
5..课本94页活动2:我国的环境与灾害问题有:土地荒漠化、土壤盐碱化、环境污染、海洋生态、植被破坏、水旱灾害、滑坡、地震、泥石流、农林病虫害、森林火灾等。
2018-2019学年七年级英语上册 Unit 6 Let’s Go Lesson 36 Let’s
Unit 6 Let’s Go!课时分层训练(三十六)[Lesson 36]Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语提示完成句子1.Look at the sign(标志): Please ________(节约)water.2. I want to ________ ________(查明) who he is.3.There are two ________(电影) this week.4.Do you know these ________(英雄) names?5.The ________(飞机场) is far from here.Ⅱ.用方框中所给词或短语的适当形式填空1.The policemen are ____________ in this accident(事故). We must learn from them.2.—Do you know the ____________ of the computer?—Yes, I know.About 3,000 yuan.2 2 3.Jack ____________ school very early every morning.4.Look! The two children are ____________. Let's stop them.5.Let's meet Mr. Li at the ____________. The plane will get there at 4:00 p.m.Ⅰ.单项填空( )1.Let's go to the movie theatre to ________ a movie.A.read B.look atC.watch D.look( )2. The girl likes to ________ money, so she has some money now. A.waste B.saveC.fight D.find( )3.—________ is the price of your new shirt?—Only thirty yuan. I bought it online.A.What B.WhereC.How many D.How much( )4.He doesn't know the way to the airport, so he buys a ________ first. A.book B.dictionaryC.map D.newspaper( )5.________ the door before you leave the room.A.Close B.To closeC.Closing D.Closes( )6.Tony, ________ with others at school.A.doesn't fight B.don't fightC.isn't fighting D.aren't fighting( )7.—Will you get there by ________ bike?—No, I will take ________ bus.A.the; a B.a; theC./; a D./; /( )8.We need to do some research(调查) to ________ the answer.A.find out B.look outC.come out D.take outⅡ.连词成句1.bus, want, take, to, the, I________________________________________________________________________.2. gets, help, he, mother, from, his________________________________________________________________________.3. bike, can, by, I, there, get________________________________________________________________________?4. find, he, the, doesn't, map________________________________________________________________________.5.boy, this, magic, about, book, a, is________________________________________________________________________.Ⅲ.完形填空Mulan is an __1__ action movie.It comes from an old __2__ story.The movie is about a village __3__, Mulan.She dresses up like a boy and takes her father's place to fight in the army.I think the actress plays Mulan's role __4__.The other actors __5__ also fantastic and they do a good job __6__ the movie.I like Mulan __7__.The movie shows her love for __8__ family, friends and country.If you plan to __9__ a movie this weekend and you want to see __10__ enjoyable, choose this movie Mulan!( )1.A.popular B.excitingC.boring D.good34 4 ( )2.A.American B.English C.Japanese D.Chinese( )3.A.girl B.boyC.man D.woman( )4. A.good B.cuteC.well D.bad( )5.A.are B.beC.is D.am( )6.A.at B.inC.to D.on( )7.A.a lot of B.tooC.very D.very much( )8.A.his B.sheC.her D.he( )9. A.make B.watchC.look D.show( )10.A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing课时滚动训练[Lessons 34-36]Ⅰ.根据短文内容及首字母或所给词提示完成短文On weekends, my father often 1.________(drive) us to the countryside. The people there are very 2.________(friend). And we can see beautiful 3.________(farm).4.O________ the farm, we can feed5.a________ and pick fruit. There6.________(be) lots of lovely animals. My7.f________ is cows. I want8.________(learn) more about them. Look! My sister9.________(play) with a little sheep. It's a lot of fun. I want to play with 10.________(they) too.Ⅱ.完形填空This Sunday,my family are free.I have no __1__.I would like to go out for a __2__ with my family.We will be very __3__. In the morning, we will do some __4__ in the shop.My parents will buy some chicken and some __5__ to drink.I will buy some hamburgers and four bags __6__ milk.Hamburgers are my favourite __7__. I would like to __8__ a kite, so I will take one with me.My father would like to listen to music(听音乐), __9__ he will take an MP3.My mother will cook some nice food for __10__.I think the picnic will be nice.( )1.A.class B.problemC.time D.letter( )2.A.dinner B.zooC.picnic D.walk( )3.A.kind B.happyC.sorry D.different( )4.A.work B.homeworkC.cook D.shopping( )5.A.juice B.rice56 6 C.bananas D.oranges( )6.A.on B.ofC.for D.with( )7.A.book B.colourC.toy D.food( )8.A.play B.make C.fly D.save( )9.A.and B.so C.but D.then( ) B.ourC.we D.themⅢ.阅读理解What is a museum? A museum is a good place to keep old and beautiful things.Amuseum may be a place to learn about science and a place to find out about art, people or animals.What is in a museum? Some museums have old cars.Some have pictures.Others have old bones.Many cities have museums.Some very small towns have museums, too.Indianapolis(印第安纳波利斯) has a children's museum.Children do not have to pay for the tickets.Children often go to the museum.They like to see the dinosaur(恐龙) bones.On Saturdays,Indianapolis children can hear talks about animals and trees.They see movies.They take hikes(徒步旅行). They even learn to make things there.( )1.What is NOT true about a museum?A.It's a good place for people to do some shopping.B.People can learn about a history of the place there.C.People can learn about science there.D.It's a good place to learn about art.( )2.People cannot ________ in a museum.A.see moviesB.listen to talksC.learn to make thingsD.play with bears( )3.In Indianapolis, ________.A.there is only one museumB.it's free for children to visit the children's museumC.people don't have to pay to visit the children's museumD.museums are all the same( )4.In the children's museum in Indianapolis,children like to see________.A.the dinosaur bonesB.all old bonesC.old carsD.pictures( )5.The passage(文章) is about ________.A.museums B.peopleC.children D.animals78 8详解详析【课时分层训练】课内基础自测Ⅰ.1.save 2.find out 3.films/movies4.heroes' 5.airportⅡ.1.heroes 2.price 3.gets to4.fighting 5.airport课后巩固提升Ⅰ.1.C watch a movie意为“看电影”,是固定搭配,故选C。
课时作业36:第10课 师说
师说学后自评一、积累运用1.下列词语中,加点字的注音全都正确的一项是()A.师襄.(xiānɡ) 嗟.乎(jiē)或不.焉(bū)B.郯.子(tán) 句读.(dòu) 阿谀.(yú)C.老聃.(dān) 谄.媚(xiàn) 经传.(Chuán)D.李蟠.(fán) 苌.弘(Chánɡ) 贻.误(yí)2.下列句子中,有错别字的一项是()A.古之学者必有师。
师者,所以传道受业解惑也。
B.是故无贵无贱,无长无少,道之所存,师之所存也。
C.彼童子之师,受之书而习其句读者,非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。
D.巫医乐师百工之人,君子不齿,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也欤!3.对下列句子中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是()A.是故无.贵无贱,无长无少无:没有B.其闻道也固.先乎吾固:本来C.余嘉.其能行古道嘉:赞许D.是故圣益.圣,愚益愚益:更加4.对下列各句中加点“之”的用法的判断,正确的一组是()①师道之.不传也久矣②彼童子之.师③句读之.不知,惑之不解④巫医乐师百工之.人⑤士大夫之.族⑥师道之.不复,可知矣A.①和③相同B.②和⑤相同C.①和⑥相同D.②和④相同5.下列各句中,加点词的活用情况与“吾从而师之”中的“师”完全相同的一项()A.小.学而大.遗B.而耻.学于师C.孔子师.郯子D.吾师.道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎 二、阅读理解阅读下面的文言文,完成6~10题。
答韦中立论师道书柳宗元二十一日,宗元白:辱书云①欲相.师。
仆②道不笃.,业甚浅近,环顾其中,未见可师者.。
虽常好言论,为文章,甚不自是也。
不意吾子③自京师来蛮夷间④,乃幸见取。
仆自卜固无取;假令有取,亦不敢为人师。
为众人师且.不敢,况敢为吾子师乎? 孟子称“人之患在好为人师”。
由魏、晋氏以下,人益不事师。
今之世,不闻有师;有辄哗笑之,以为狂人。
独韩愈奋不顾流俗,犯笑侮,收召后学..,作《师说》,因抗颜而为师.;世果群怪聚骂,指目牵引,而增与为言辞。
课时作业36:第12课 祝福
祝福一、积累运用1.下列句中加点词语使用正确的一项是( )A.在意大利足坛闹得沸反盈天....的索罗斯收购罗马俱乐部一事,以5月1日美国富商抽身离去而告终!B.哪知天有不测风云......,还没等铆足干劲的开发商施展开拳脚,危机就来了。
C.在暴发“手足口病”的非常时期,小孩子整日躲在家里看电视、玩游戏,真是走投无路....。
D.偌大的一个广场,人山人海,竟没有一个我熟悉的人,想要找人说说话都百无聊赖....,连搭讪的人都没有。
2.填入下列横线处的词语,最恰当的一项是( )①晚饭摆出来了,四叔________的陪着。
②她________是逃出来的,不多久,这推想就证实了。
③“怎么死的?——还不是穷死的?”他________的回答,仍然没有抬头向我看,出去了。
④我很________,一见她的眼钉着我的,背上也就遭了芒刺一般,比在学校里遇到不及豫防的临时考,教师又偏是站在身旁的时候,惶急得多了。
⑤冬至的祭祖时节,她做得更出力,看四婶装好祭品,和阿牛将桌子抬到堂屋中央,她便________的去拿酒杯和筷子。
A.俨然果然漠然猝然自然B.凛然诚然淡然猝然坦然C.凛然果然漠然悚然自然D.俨然诚然淡然悚然坦然3.下列各句中,没有语病、句意明确的一项是( )A.小说《祝福》一拉开帷幕,鲁迅就给读者展示了一幅沉重而巨大的民俗风景画——农历新年时“祝福”的景象。
B.过年是中国的一个特殊节日,无论是城市或乡村,无论是南方或北方,无论是海内或海外,只要是汉民族,都要过年。
C.送灶神是在阴历腊月二十三或二十四日,据说这天是灶神升天之日,这天晚饭之后,人们便举行“送灶神”的祭祀仪式。
D.我们在解读《祝福》时,可以深切感受到民俗文化的威力无处不在,民俗文化影响着人们的生活秩序和道德规范。
4.下列语句重新排序后,最恰当的一项是( )①幸而府上是向来宽洪大量,不肯和小人计较的。
②阿呀阿呀,我真上当。
③她来求我荐地方,我那里料得到是瞒着她的婆婆的呢。
高考地理总复习 第12章 作业手册(36)六个国家
课时作业(三十六) 第36讲六个国家时间 / 30分钟一、选择题读某区域图(图K36-1),完成1~3题。
图K36-11.对图示不冻湖的形成影响最大的因素是( )A.暖流B.地热C.海拔D.纬度2.该区域主要的农业地域类型是( )A.商品谷物农业B.水稻种植业C.乳畜业D.地中海式农业3.图示区域的粮食自给率均在120%以上,北部甚至达211%,远超该国粮食40%的自给率水平,其形成原因主要是( )①科技发达,粮食单产高②生长期长,粮食单产高③人口稀少,人均耕地多④生产规模大,专业化突出A.①②B.③④C.①③D.②④读图K36-2,完成4~5题。
图K36-24.波兰( )A. 地势南高北低,以外流河为主B. 位于大陆性气候区,降水稀少C. 北部沿海地区的人口密度较大D. 城市全部依靠水运兴起和发展5.该国农业生产中( )A. 小麦种植区靠近河流为方便运输B. 重点防治土壤盐渍化问题C. 北部城市周边发展大牧场放牧业D. 糖料作物以种植甜菜为主读图K36-3,完成6~7题。
图K36-36.图中阴影部分表示印度的某种农产品种植分布情况,该农产品是( )A.水稻B.茶叶C.黄麻D.小麦7.下列有关印度农业的叙述,不正确的是 ( )A.随着“绿色革命”的开展,基本上实行了粮食自给B.受季风影响,水利工程量大C.是世界上养牛最多的国家,畜牧业产值超过种植业D.是世界上重要的茶叶生产国和出口国读世界某大陆示意图(图K36-4),完成8~11题。
图K36-48.该大陆上因降水的季节分配不同,可分为夏雨区和冬雨区,图中a、b、c、d四条线能够表示夏雨区和冬雨区界线的是( )A.aB.bC.cD.d9.图中甲阴影地区气候的形成因素有( )①纬度较低②常年受赤道低气压带控制③位于东南季风的山地迎风坡④位于东南信风的山地迎风坡⑤受暖流影响⑥受寒流影响A.①②⑤B.①③⑤C.①④⑤D.②④⑥10.在图中乙处发展灌溉农业,对河口生态产生的不利影响有( )①使河口地区水量明显减少,河口三角洲面积缩小②在严重干旱时,出现海水倒灌的现象③使河口地区降水量减少④土地盐渍化现象加重A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①③④11.位于图中丙处的波浪岩是天然岩石,由于像高高的海浪而得名。
最新2020年人教部编版一年级语文下册全册课时作业课课练(含答案)
1 春夏秋冬一、把b ǎ生sh ēn ɡ字z ì和h é相xi ān ɡ对du ì应y īn ɡ的de 音y īn 节ji é连li án 起q ǐ来l ái。
二、读d ú拼p īn 音y īn ,写xi ě词c í语y ǔ。
hu ā红三、读d ú一y ì读d ú,连li án 一y ì连li án 。
chu īr ù ch í pi āo shu āng lu ò筏筏 落 飘 霜 池入 吹 ch ūn f ēng d ōng xu ě f ēi ni ǎo春风 秋霜 夏雨 池草 鱼 落 青 出水 吹 降四、春ch ūn 夏xi à秋qi ū冬d ōn ɡ四s ì个ɡè季j ì节ji é各ɡè有y ǒu 什sh én 么me 特t è点di ǎn ?请q ǐn ɡ你n ǐ写xi ě一y ì写xi ě。
春天:_______________________________________________夏天:_______________________________________________秋天:_______________________________________________冬天:________________________________________________订正栏一、参考答案:飘—pi āo 霜—shu āng 吹—chu ī 落—lu ò 入—r ù 池—ch í二、春风 冬雪 花 飞鸟三、春风吹 秋霜降 夏雨落 池草青 鱼出水四、提示:春天:燕子从南方回来了,桃花开了。
新课标版数学必修一作业36高考调研精讲精练
课时作业(三十六)1.某林场计划第一年造林10 000亩,以后每年比前一年多造林20%,则第四年造林() A.14 400亩B.172 800亩C.17 280亩D.20 736亩答案 C解析设第x年造林y亩,则y=10 000(1+20%)x-1,∴x=4时,y=10 000×1.23=17 280(亩).2.某工厂生产甲、乙两种成本不同的产品,由于市场销售发生变化,甲产品连续两次提价20%,同时乙产品连续两次降价20%,结果都以23.04元售出.此时厂家同时出售甲、乙产品各一件,盈亏情况是()A.不亏不赚B.亏5.92元C.赚5.92元D.赚28.96元答案 B解析设甲、乙两种产品原价分别为a,b,则a(1+20%)2=23.04,b(1-20%)2=23.04.∴a =16元,b=36元.若出售甲、乙产品各一件,甲产品盈利23.04-16=7.04元,乙产品亏36-23.04=12.96元,∴共亏12.96-7.04=5.92元.3.据调查,苹果园地铁的自行车存车处在某星期日的存车量为4 000辆次,其中变速车存车费是每辆一次0.3元,普通车存车费是每辆一次0.2元,若普通车存车数为x辆次,存车费总收入为y元,则y关于x的函数关系式是()A.y=0.1x+800(0≤x≤4 000)B.y=0.1x+1 200(0≤x≤4 000)C.y=-0.1x+800(0≤x≤4 000)D.y=-0.1x+1 200(0≤x≤4 000)答案 D4.乙从A地到B地,途中前一半时间的行驶速度是v1,后一半时间的行驶速度是v2(v1<v2),则乙从A地到B地所走过的路程s与时间t的关系图示为()答案 A5.如果在今后若干年内,我国国民经济生产总值都控制在平均每年增长9%的水平,那么要达到国民经济生产总值比1995年翻两番的年份大约是(lg2=0.301 0,lg3=0.477 1,lg109=2.037 4,lg0.09=-2.954 3)()A.2015年B.2011年C.2010年D.2008年答案 B解析设1995年总值为a,经过x年翻两番.则a·(1+9%)x=4a.∴x=2lg2lg1.09≈16.6.某公司在甲、乙两地销售一种品牌车,利润(单位:万元)分别为L1=5.06x-0.15x2和L2=2x,其中x为销售量(单位:辆).若该公司在这两地共销售15辆车,则能获得的最大利润为()A.45.606万元B.45.6万元C.45.56万元D.45.51万元答案 B解析依题意可设甲销售x辆,则乙销售(15-x)辆,所以总利润S=5.06x-0.15x2+2(15-x)=-0.15x2+3.06x+30(x≥0),所以当x=10时,S有最大值为45.6(万元).7.一水池有2个进水口,1个出水口,进出水速度如图甲、乙所示,某天0点到6点,该水池的蓄水量如图丙所示.(至少打开一个水口)给出以下3个论断:①0点到3点只进水不出水;②3点到4点不进水只出水;③4点到6点不进水不出水.则一定正确的论断序号是________.答案①8.“弯弓射雕”描述了游牧民族的豪迈气概.当弓箭手以每秒a米的速度从地面垂直向上射箭时,t秒后的高度x米可由x=at-5t2确定.已知射出2秒后箭离地面高100米,求弓箭能达到的最大高度.解析由x=at-5t2且t=2时,x=100,解得a=60.∴x=60t-5t2.由x=-5t2+60t=-5(t-6)2+180,知当t=6时,x取得最大值为180,即弓箭能达到的最大高度为180米.9.某租赁公司拥有汽车100辆,当每辆车的月租金为3 000元时,可全部租出.当每辆车的月租金每增加50元时,未租出的车将会增加一辆.租出的车每辆每月需要维护费150元,未租出的车每辆每月需要维护费50元.(1)当每辆车的月租金定为3 600元时,能租出多少辆车?(2)当每辆车的月租金定为多少元时,租赁公司的月收益最大?最大月收益是多少? 解析 (1)当每辆车的月租金定为3 600元时,未租出的车辆数为3 600-3 00050=12,所以这时租出了88辆车.(2)设每辆车的月租金定为x 元,则租赁公司的月收益为 f(x)=(100-x -3 00050)(x -150)-x -3 00050×50,整理得f(x)=-x 250+162x -21 000=-150(x -4 050)2+307 050.所以当x =4 050时,f(x)最大,最大值为f(4 050)=307 050,即当每辆车的月租金定为4 050元时,租赁公司的月收益最大,最大月收益为307 050元. 10.某种商品生产x 吨时,所需费用为(110x 2+5x +100)元,而出售x 吨时,每吨售价为p元,这里p =a +xb(a ,b 是常数).(1)写出出售这种商品所获得的利润y 元与售出这种商品的吨数x 之间的函数关系式; (2)如果生产出来的这种商品都能卖完,那么当产品是150吨时,所获利润最大,并且这时每吨价格是40元,求a ,b 的值. 解析 (1)y =(a +x b )x -(110x 2+5x +100)=(1b -110)x 2+(a -5)x -100. (2)由题意,得⎩⎨⎧-a -52(1b -110)=150,40=a +150b,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a =45,b =-30.►重点班·选做题11.国际视力表值(又叫小数视力值,用V 表示,范围是[0.1,1.5])和我国现行视力表值(又叫对数视力值,由缪天容创立,用L 表示,范围是[4.0,5.2])的换算关系式为L =5.0+lgV .(1)请根据此关系式将下面视力对照表补充完整;V 1.5 ② 0.4 ④ L①5.0③4.0(2)2倍,求乙的对数视力值.(所求值均精确到小数点后面一位数字,参考数据:lg2=0.301 0,lg3=0.477 1) 解析 (1)∵5.0+lg1.5=5.0+lg 1510=5.0+lg 32=5.0+lg3-lg2=5.0+0.477 1-0.301 0≈5.2, ∴①应填5.2;∵5.0=5.0+lgV ,∴V =1,②处应填1.0;∵5.0+lg0.4=5.0+lg 410=5.0+lg4-1=5.0+2lg2-1=5.0+2×0.301 0-1≈4.6,∴③处应填4.6;∵4.0=5.0+lgV ,∴lgV =-1.∴V =0.1. ∴④处应填0.1. 对照表补充完整如下:V 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.1 L5.25.04.64.0(2)先将甲的对数视力值换算成小数视力值,则有4.5=5.0+lgV 甲,∴V 甲=10-0.5,则V乙=2×10-0.5.∴乙的对数视力值L 乙=5.0+lg(2×10-0.5)=5.0+lg2-0.5=5.0+0.301 0-0.5≈4.8.1.有时可用函数f(x)=⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧0.1+15 ln aa -x ,x ≤6,x -4.4x -4,x>6,描述学习某学科知识的掌握程度,其中x 表示某学科知识的学习次数(x ∈N *),f(x)表示对该学科知识的掌握程度,正实数a 与学科知识有关.(1)证明:当x ≥7时,掌握程度的增长量f(x +1)-f(x)总是下降;(2)根据经验,学科甲、乙、丙对应的a 的取值区间分别为(115,121],(121,127],(127,133].当学习某学科知识6次时,掌握程度是85%,请确定相应的学科. 解析 (1)证明:当x ≥7时,f(x +1)-f(x)=0.4(x -3)(x -4).而当x ≥7时,函数y =(x -3)(x -4)单调递增,且(x -3)(x -4)>0,故f(x +1)-f(x)单调递减. ∴当x ≥7时,掌握程度的增长量f(x +1)-f(x)总是下降. (2)由题意可知0.1+15 ln a a -6=0.85,整理得a a -6=e 0.05,解得a =e 0.05e 0.05-1·6=20.50×6=123.0,123.0∈(121,127].由此知,该学科是乙学科.。
北师版数学八年级下册课时练 第一章 三角形的证明 等腰三角形的特殊性质和等边三角形的性质
北师版数学八年级下册第一章三角形的证明1等腰三角形第2课时等腰三角形的特殊性质和等边三角形的性质1.如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,高BD和CE相交于点F.若BD=3,则CE=__3__.第1题图第2题图2.(2019·山东济南商河期末)如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,高BD和CE相交于点O,连接AO并延长交BC于点F,则图中共有__7__对全等三角形.3.证明:等腰三角形两腰上的中线相等.解:已知:如图,△ABC中,AB=AC,AD=DC,AE=EB,求证:BD=CE.证明:∵AB=AC,AD=DC,AE=EB,∴DC=BE,∠DCB=∠EBC.∵BC=CB,∴△BDC≌△CEB(SAS),∴BD=CE,即等腰三角形两腰上的中线相等.4.若等边三角形的周长为12 cm,则它的边长是(B)A.3 cm B.4 cmC.5 cm D.6 cm5.如图,过等边△ABC的顶点A作射线,若∠1=20°,则∠2的度数是(A)A.100°B.80°C.60°D.40°第5题图第6题图6.(2019·四川成都武侯区期末)如图,等边三角形ABC的边长为2,AD是BC边上的高,则高AD的长为(C)A.1 B. 2C. 3 D.27.(2019·辽宁营口模拟)如图,等边△ABC的顶点A,B分别在网格图的格点上,则∠α的度数为(A)A.15°B.20°C.25°D.30°第7题图第8题图8.如图,等边三角形ABC的两条中线BD,CE相交于点O,则∠BOC=__120°__.9.(2019·江苏无锡宜兴二模)如图,已知在等边三角形ABC中,D为BC延长线上一点,E 为CA延长线上一点,且AE=DC.求证:AD=BE.证明:因为在等边三角形ABC 中,AB =CA ,∠BAC =∠ACB =60°,所以∠EAB =∠DCA =120°.又因为AE =DC ,所以△EAB ≌△DCA ,所以AD =BE .10.如图,已知△ABC 和△BDE 都是等边三角形,且A ,E ,D 三点在同一直线上,若BD =4,CD =3,求线段AD 的长.解:∵△ABC 和△BDE 都是等边三角形,∴AB =AC =BC ,EB =DB =ED ,∠ABC =∠EBD =60°,∴∠ABC -∠EBC =∠EBD -∠EBC ,即∠ABE =∠CBD .在△ABE 和△CBD 中,⎩⎨⎧AB =BC ,∠ABE =∠CBD ,BE =BD ,∴△ABE ≌△CBD (SAS),∴DC =AE . ∵AD =AE +ED ,∴AD =BD +CD =4+3=7.易错点 对等边三角形的性质把握不清而出错 11.等边三角形的角平分线、中线和高共有( A ) A .3条 B .5条 C .7条D .9条12.(2018·福建中考)如图,等边三角形ABC中,AD⊥BC,垂足为D,点E在线段AD上,∠EBC=45°,则∠ACE等于(A)A.15°B.30°C.45°D.60°13.如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,D是BC的中点,DE⊥AB于点E,DF⊥AC于点F,则图中与∠B相等的角(不包括∠B)有(C)A.1 个B.2个C.3个D.4个14.(2019·广西北部湾经济区二模)如图,已知直线l1∥l2,将等边三角形按如图所示放置.若∠β=20°,则∠α等于__40°__.15.(教材P7,习题1.2,T2改编)如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,点E,D,F分别是边AB,BC,AC边上的点,且BE=CD,CF=BD.若∠EDF=50°,则∠A的度数为__80°__.第15题图第16题图16.(2019·山西太原三十六中课时作业)如图,△ABC和△DCE都是边长为4的等边三角形,点B,C,E在同一直线上,连接BD,则BD的长为__43__.17.(2019·湖北黄冈月考)如图,点D,E分别在等边△ABC的边AB,BC上,将△BDE沿直线DE翻折,使点B落在B1处,DB1,EB1分别交边AC于点F,G.若∠ADF=80°,则∠CEG=__40°__.18.已知:如图,在△ABC中,AC=8,点D在AB边上,且AD=BD=CD=5,在△ABC 外,作等边三角形ACE.(1)判断△ABC的形状,并证明;(2)求四边形ABCE的周长.解:(1)△ABC是直角三角形.证明:如图,∵AD=BD=CD,∴∠1=∠2,∠3=∠4,∴∠1+∠4=∠2+∠3.又∵∠1+∠2+∠3+∠4=180°,∴∠2+∠3=90°,∴△ABC是直角三角形.(2)在Rt△ABC中,AC=8,AB=10,BC=AB2-AC2=6.又∵△ACE是等边三角形,∴AE =CE=8,∴四边形ABCE的周长为AB+BC+AE+CE=32.19.已知△ABC为等边三角形,点M是射线BC上任意一点,点N是射线CA上任意一点,且BM=CN,BN与AM相交于点Q.就下面给出的三种情况(如图1、图2、图3所示),探究∠BQM的大小,然后猜测∠BQM是否为定值并证明你的结论.解:∠BQM=60°,为定值.证明:如题图1,∵△ABC是等边三角形,∴∠ABC=∠C=60°,AB=BC.∵BM=CN,∴△ABM≌△BCN(SAS).∴∠BAM=∠CBN(全等三角形的对应角相等),∴∠BQM=∠BAQ+∠ABQ=∠CBQ+∠ABQ=∠ABC=60°.如题图2,∠BQM=∠ABN+∠BAM.∵△ABM≌△BCN,∴∠BAM=∠CBN,∴∠BQM=∠ABN+∠BAM=∠ABN+∠CBN=∠ABC=60°.如题图3,∠BQM=∠N+∠NAQ.∵△ABM≌△BCN(SAS),∴∠N=∠M,且∠NAQ=∠CAM.又∵∠ACB=∠M+∠CAM=∠N+∠NAQ,且∠BQM=∠N+∠NAQ,∴∠BQM=∠ACB=60°.。
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课时作业(三十六)
解:(1)正三角形有 3 条对称轴,正方形有 4 条对称轴,正五边形 有 5 条对称轴,正六边形有 6 条对称轴. (2)略. (3)答案不唯一,如:①正 n(n≥3 且 n 为整数)边形有 n 条对称轴.② 正多边形的对称轴都交于同一点.
B.2
C.3
D.4
课时作业(三十六)
4.下列几组图案中成轴对称的有( A )
A.3 组
B.2 组
图 K-36-4 C.1 组 D.0 组
课时作业(三十六)
5.将一张正方形纸片按如图 K-36-5 所示的步骤①②对折两次, 然后沿③中的虚线剪去一个角,展开铺平后的图形是( B )
图 K-36-5
图 K-36-6
图 K-36-8
这个英语单词的汉语意思是书.
课时作业(三十六)
三、作图题
8.如图所示的是由四个相同的小正方形组成的图形,请你在 3 个 图形中的不同位置分别添加一个小正方形,使它成为一个轴对称 图形.
解:如图所示.
课时作业(三十六)
素养提升
如图所示的图形分别是正三角形、正方形、正五边形、正六边形.
[解析] 弄清正多边形的形状特征,注意细心观察,发现规律.
谢 谢 观 看!
本课件仅供交流学习使用,严禁用于任何商业用途
全品学练考
数学
七年级 下册
新课标(BS)
第五章 生活中的轴对称
课时作业(三十六)
第五章 生活中的轴对称
课时作业(三十六)
[第五章 1 轴对称现象]
课堂达标 素养提升
课时作业(三十六)
课堂达标
一、选择题
1.[2019·北京] 下列倡导节约的图案中,是轴对称图形 的是链接听课例1归纳总结( C )
课时作业(三十六)
二、填空题
6.如图 K-36-7 中的四个汽车标志图案是轴对称图形的有 __①__③____(填序号).
图 K-36-7
课时作业(三十六)
7.如图 K-36-8,某英语单词由四个字母组成,且四个字母都关于直 线 l 对称,则这个英语单词的汉语意思为___书_____.
[解析] 如图,
课时作业(三十六)
2.2018·河北 图 K-36-2 是由“○”和“□”组成的轴对称图
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
形,该图形的对称轴是直线( C )
A.l1
B.l2
C.l3
D.l4
图 K-36-2
课时作业(三十六) 3.有下列四个图形:
图 K-36-3
其中是轴对称图形,且对称轴的条数为 2 的图形的个数是( C )
A.1