不定式、动名词、过去分词 作定语的用法
非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语总结
非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语总结非谓语动词是指不带有谓语成分的动词形式，包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词、过去分词。
在句子中，非谓语动词可以用作定语和宾语补足语，用于修饰名词或补充说明动作的情况。
本文将对非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语的用法进行总结。
一、非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语时，通常与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主动或被动关系。
常见的用法有以下几种：1. 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语时，说明所修饰名词的用途、目的、结果等。
常见结构为“名词 + 不定式”，不定式可以是带to的原形，也可以是不带to的原形。
例如：- 他有个完全实现梦想的机会。
- 这个女孩太害羞了，从不和人交流。
2. 动名词作定语动名词作定语时，表示该名词的用途、目的、结果等。
常见结构为“动名词 + 名词”。
例如：- 听力训练是学习英语的重要环节。
- 这本书是关于如何提高写作技巧的。
3. 现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时，表示所修饰名词正在进行的动作或状态。
常见结构为“现在分词 + 名词”。
例如：- 拉着行李箱的女人是我的妈妈。
- 那个躺在床上的男孩是我的弟弟。
4. 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时，表示所修饰名词已经完成的动作或状态。
常见结构为“过去分词 + 名词”。
例如：- 这本被翻阅过许多次的书籍是我的宝贝。
- 我看过的那部电影非常精彩。
二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态。
常见的用法有以下几种：1. 动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时，说明宾语完成的动作。
常见的结构为“动词 + 宾语 + 不定式”。
例如：- 我喜欢听音乐。
- 她希望学好英语。
2. 动名词作宾语补足语动名词作宾语补足语时，表示宾语的动作或状态。
常见结构为“动词 + 宾语 + 动名词”。
例如：- 我通常喜欢读书。
- 他不值得你浪费时间。
3. 现在分词作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语时，表示宾语正在进行的动作。
高二英语非谓语动词整理
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用。
loathe非常讨厌，厌恶 recall回想
例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏
appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装
ask问 dread害怕 need需要
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望
2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式
ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使
allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿
announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使
bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求
assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定，表示
不定式动名词和过去分词作定语的比较
不定式、-ing形式和过去分词作定语的比较一、不定式作定语不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。
多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有…要…”或修饰“the+序数词”。
注意：不定式作定语，被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具或对象时，要加上适当的介词。
如：1.When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person________.A. to sendB. for sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it to2.There are five pairs________,but I’m at a loss which to choose.A. to be chosenB. to choose fromC. to chooseD. for choosing4.Then there are always people to________ if you fell like a chat.A. talk toB. talkC. speak aboutD. speak二、分词作定语单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前(left等除外)，分词短语放在所修饰的名词后。
被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，现在分词表示正在发生或与谓语同时发生；被修饰的名词与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。
注意：现在分词的完成式通常只作状语，而不能作定语。
1.The flowers________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beaut y of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt2.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures___ _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to formB. formC. formingD. having formed4.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,________ as 3M.A. knowingB. knownC. being knownD. to be known5.The picture________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung6.The disc, digitally________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (上海卷)A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded7.The first textbooks________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written三、to be done, being done, done作定语的区别to be done表示将来，being done表示目前正在发生，done表示过去己经发生。
不定式,动名词,分词
表语 Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 定语 The excited people rushed into the building. 状语 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 补足语 When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
9. 分词 9.1 分词作定语
分词前置 如： We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人 分词后置 (i分词词组；ii 个别分词如given, left； iii 修饰不定代词 something等) 如： There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里 This is the question given. 这是所给的问题 There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当 于一个被动语态的定语从句。 如： Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
典型例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a D foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定 语表被动，相当于定语从句 which is written
不定式分词的用法
3. They force the enemy to give up their arm.
The enemy was forced to give up their arms
Please tell her to go there.
Let me help you.
They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.
注：若see,hear, notice, observ,make,have 变为被动语态，其后的不定式不能省略to
主语
to support a large family.
2. the most important thing is to put more heart into your work
表语
3. All the child in class one hope to be of some help to you.
1. I forgot p_o_s_t_in_g__(post)the letter and thought I had left it at home.
2. Please post the letter for me, I forgot _to__p_o_s_t __(post)it this morning.
用动词的适当形式填空
1.I consider myself fortunate to _b_e_w_o_r_k_in_g__(work) with you now
不定式、动名词、过去分词作定语的用法
不定式作定语的用法不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。
一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。
1、主谓关系的（1）We must find a person to do the work.(2) There is no one to take care of her.(3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up.(4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.2、动宾关系的如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。
注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。
（1）He has a lot of books to read.(2) I would like a magazine to look at.(3) Here is some advice for you to follow. (4) Do you have anything else to say?(5) There is no one to take care of.(6) She has nothing to worry about.3、动状关系的被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语，应多用介词短语。
非谓语的用法
非谓语的用法一、什么是非谓语？非谓语是指在句子中不作谓语的动词形式，包括动词的不定式、动名词和分词。
二、动词不定式的用法1. 作主语：To learn English well is necessary.2. 作宾语：I want to go to the cinema.3. 作表语：His dream is to be a doctor.4. 作定语：The best way to learn English is to practice speaking.5. 作状语：（1）目的状语：He went to the library to borrow some books.（2）结果状语：He studied hard, only to fail the exam in the end.（3）原因状语：He got up early so as not to miss the train.6. 不定式的否定形式为“not+动词原形”，常用于否定意义。
三、动名词的用法1. 动名词可以作主语、宾语和表语。
（1）主语：Reading books is a good habit.（2）宾语：I enjoy reading books in my free time.（3）表语：Her hobby is swimming in the sea.2. 动名词可以与介词搭配构成介词短语，表示时间、原因、方式等。
（1）时间状语：After finishing his homework, he went to bed. （2）原因状语：For lack of money, he couldn’t buy a new car.（3）方式状语：By working hard, he got a promotion.四、分词的用法1. 现在分词和过去分词可以作定语和状语。
（1）现在分词作定语：The running water is very clear.（2）现在分词作状语：He left the room, closing the door behind him.（3）过去分词作定语：The broken vase cannot be repaired.（4）过去分词作状语：Feeling tired, he went to bed early.2. 分词也可以与连系动词be搭配构成表语。
不定式、分词、动名词用法
英语中，非限定动词也叫非谓语动词，也就是不定式、分词和动名词。
顾名思义，不定式、分词和动名词在英语句子中是不能做作谓语的。
一、基本形式a.不定式的基本形式是“小品词to﹢动词原形”即to﹢v. ；但有时也可省去to, 即：(to) ﹢v. 。
b.分词有两种基本形式：现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle)。
①现在分词的基本形式是动词的—ing形式，如，writing, doing ,working ,going, etc.②过去分词的基本形式是：a) 规则动词﹢ed, 即v.-ed, 如，visit→visited ,ask→asked ,dig→digged ,etc; b) 不规则动词有其自身的过去式和过去分词，学生需要用心熟记，方能正确使用。
如，go →went→gone; do→did→done, etc .c．动名词的基本形式与现在分词的基本形式相同，都是动词的—ing 形式，如，doing ,writing ,doing ,etc .二、时态、语态及其基本用法A. 不定式1．不定式的时态、语态有三种形式：①一般式，如，to write / to be written ;②进行式，如，to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式，如，to have written / to have been written 。
2．基本用法①不定式的一般式，表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。
如：He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.)I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.)He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.)②不定式的进行式，表示不定式的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
英语非谓语动词：不定式,动名词和分词
英语非谓语动词：不定式，动名词和分词非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）（一）动词不定式动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，否定形式“not to +动词原形”。
1.用法（1）作主语。
往往用it作为形式主语。
如：It is time to get up.（2）作宾语。
如果带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。
如：I find it interesting to study English.有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语。
如：decide,plan,desire,hope,wish,promise,ask,agree, manage等。
（3）作宾语补足语A：带to的动词不定式有：ask，tell，want，teach，advise，allow，beg，invite等。
如：He asked me to do the work.B :接不带to的动词不定式有：see，watch，hear,make ,let等。
如：I often see him play football.使役动词不带to,动词有：一感二听三让四观看。
一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let，have，make 四观看：observe,see,watch,look at注意：feel, hear,notice, see,watch,have,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to,但变成被动结构时，要带to.如：I often hear him cry. He is often heard to cry.注意：带but介词的不定式。
如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么but后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
另外，在can’t choose but...和can’t help but...等后面的不定式也省略to。
动名词和不定时 现在分词和过去分词
动名词与不定式的区别：动名词起名词作用，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、主语补足语、宾语补足语。
不定式起名词、形容词、副词作用，在句子中出了动名词起的作用外，还可以作状语。
但两者之间也有差别：（一）不定式的逻辑主语必须与主语一致，而动名词的逻辑主语范围较大，它可以指主语，也可以是泛指。
如：I hate to work on weekends. 我讨厌周末干活。
（指自己干活）I hate working on weekends. 我讨厌周末干活。
（可以指自己，也可以泛指）（二）动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的动作，不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
如Reading in bed is a pleasure. 躺着看书是一种乐趣。
I like swimming but I don’t like to swim in the pool today.我喜欢游泳，但是今天我不喜欢在游泳池里游泳。
试比较：Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。
（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。
（指一具体的动作）Talking for hours at a stretch is more exhausting than you seem to think.一连讲几个小时的话会比你想象的似乎要累。
（泛指讲话）To talk for hours at a stretch is more exhausting than you seem to think.一连讲几个小时的话会比你想象的似乎要累。
（指个人的感受）（三）在某些动词后面只能用动名词，而另一些动词之后只能用不定式。
后接动名词的动词有：admit, avoid, consider, defer, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, stop, suggest 等；短语动词有have done, give up 等。
不定式分词独立主格结构用法之区别
不定式、动名词、分词、独立主格结构用法之区别总述：分词短语作定语时 , 相当一个 定语从句; 单个现在分词作定语 , 常前置 ;单个 过去分词常后置 , 表一次具体 动作;而前置表通常状况。
非谓语的否定式是把 not 置于非谓语动词前。
分词短语作状语时,相当于各种状语从句,即各种状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,去掉连词和从句主语, 把谓语动词改为非谓语形式;当从句主语与主句主语不同时,则主语不能去掉,即变成独立主格结构, 但不能 作定语和补语。
不定式表示（过去或将来）具体某一次动作,强调全过程;或表示将要发生的动作。
不定式表示一般状况与动名词用法相同。
不定式还可做目的状语和结果状语。
单个动名词做主语 , 谓语用 单数;做表语时 , 表示主语的性质或 具体内容。
一、不定式1、to +动原, 叫做不定式,.与动名词、分词一起叫做非谓语形式。
其复合结构也一样;作使役、感观V 宾补时, 不带 to ;而当这些动词变成被动语态时要加上 to 。
省 to :(1)help sb / sth (to)动原、don't dare (to)+动原、prefer to +.动原+rather than+(to)动原、do sth but / except (to)+动原, (2)what 引导主语从句, everything / all / the bes t 所带定语从句关系代词作 do 的宾语,.则作表语的不定式 to 可省; (3)and 并列多个不定式,第一个以后 to 可省。
※ too + adj / adv+ to 动原； adj / adv + enough to +动原； manage / fail to doappeal to sb/sth to do approve of sb/sth to do arrange for sb/sth to do demand of sb/sth to do ○1 I saw her walk across the square and go into a lane. . .→She was seen to walk across the square and go into a lane ........ ○4 I often heard him sing in the next room.○6 What / All I want to do is (to ) help you with your study. . ○8 Would you be so kind as to help me with my English study?○10 It's (of) no use regretting / to regret what has been done. ..○12To err is human, to forgive is divine.犯错是凡人,宽恕是圣人.○13 Simon had no choice but to work hard then. ○14 Despite a heavy snow, the children are still looking forward to(not cancel) the outdoor activity at the weekend.○15 My job is(water)all the flowers in the garden.○16 I'm pleased to see you here. ○17 The best that you can do is (manage) the stress in the day to minimize its impact on your health.2、(un)important, dangerous, terrible, (un)fit, surprising, (im)possible, easy , hard ./ difficult , light / heavy , nice / beautiful, interesting, pleasant, expensive, weak 等作表语时,不定式作条件、结果状语,用主动表示被动, 表明说话人对不定式动作看法或建议。
非谓语动词作定语的用法总结
非谓语动词作定语的用法总结
非谓语动词是指不具有主谓结构的动词形式，包括不定式、动名词和分词。
在英语中，非谓语动词也可以用作定语，用来修饰名词或代词。
以下是非谓语动词作定语的用法总结：
1. 不定式作定语：
- 不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如："an easy book to read"（一本容易阅读的书）。
- 不定式作定语可以用来表示目的、用途或结果。
例如："a tool to fix the bike"（修理自行车的工具）。
2. 动名词作定语：
- 动名词作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如："the swimming pool"（游泳池）。
- 动名词作定语可以用来表示被修饰名词的用途、原因或特征。
例如："a writing desk"（写字台）。
3. 分词作定语：
- 分词作定语可以是现在分词（-ing形式）或过去分词（-ed形式）。
- 现在分词作定语通常表示正在进行的动作或者被修饰名词的特征。
例如："a smiling child"（笑着的孩子）。
- 过去分词作定语通常表示被修饰名词的状态或者受到的动作。
例如："a broken window"（破碎的窗户）。
非谓语动词作定语的用法可以丰富句子，使其更加具体和生动。
熟练掌握这些用法可以帮助我们更好地表达和理解英语。
非谓语动词作后置定语的用法
非谓语动词作后置定语的用法非谓语动词作后置定语时，通常用来修饰名词或代词，表示这个名词或代词的性质、特点、用途、目的等。
常见的非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。
1. 不定式作后置定语：- 不定式的一般形式为"to + 动词原形"，常常用来修饰表示目的、结果、用途等含义的名词。
例如：a place to visit (一个值得参观的地方)、a book to read (一本值得阅读的书)。
- 不定式的完成形式为"to have + 过去分词"，常常用来表示动作的完成或发生在被修饰名词之前。
例如：a problem to have solved (一个已解决的问题)、a decision to have made (已做出的决定)。
2. 动名词作后置定语：- 动名词是将动词变为名词形式的一种形式，常常用来修饰表示行为、活动、经验的名词。
例如：a swimming pool (一个游泳池)、a cooking class (一个烹饪班)。
- 动名词也可以表示被动或完成的意义，常常与被修饰名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。
例如：a working mother (一个工作的母亲)、the rising sun (升起的太阳)。
3. 分词作后置定语：- 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，常常用来修饰表示性质、状态或特点的名词。
例如：a broken window (破碎的窗户)、a smiling face (微笑的脸)。
- 分词也可以表示被动或完成的意义，常常与被修饰名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。
例如：the fallen leaves (落叶)、the finished project (已完成的项目)。
需要注意的是，非谓语动词作后置定语时，与被修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上需要保持一致，并且位置上通常紧跟在其后。
同时，非谓语动词作后置定语时多用主动形式，被动形式较少见。
语法专题10非谓语动词
专题 10┃ 非谓语动词
2．作表语。如： The film is interesting. I'm interested in it. 这部电影很有趣。我对它感兴趣。 3．作状语。如： Laughing and talking, they went into the room. 他们有 说有笑地走进了房间。 4．作宾语补足语。分词作宾语补足语，通常位于感官 动词和使役动词之后。如： I'll have my hair cut. 我想把我的头发理一下。
3．This math problem is too difficult. Can you show me________ ， George? C A．what to work out B．to work it out C．how to work it out D．how to work out it 4．Li Ming advised me ________ too much. A A．not to drink B．to drink C．not drinking D．to not drink [解析] advise sb not to do sth 意为“建议某人不要做 某事”。 专题 10┃ 非谓语动词
专题 10┃ 非谓语动词
┃考点过关 ┃ 1．Students should learn how________ problems. D A. solve B．solving C．can solve D．to solve 2．[2013· 雅安] —Can you finish ________these books D before 10 o'clock? —Yes, I can. A. to read B．read C．reads D．reading 3．[2013· 内江] Our English teacher often says to us, “________ English well is very important.” B A. Learn B．Learning C．Learned D．To learning 专题 10┃ 非谓语动词
不定式作定语的用法
不定式作定语的用法不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。
一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。
1、主谓关系的（1）We must find a person to do the work.(2) There is no one to take care of her.(3) In my family,my mother is always the first one to get up.(4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.2、动宾关系的如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。
注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。
（1） He has a lot of books to read.(2) I would like a magazine to look at.(3) Here is some advice for you to follow.(4) Do you have anything else to say?(5) There is no one to take care of.(6) She has nothing to worry about.3、动状关系的被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语，应多用介词短语。
动名词、动词不定式、分词作定语区别
动词的不定式,\分词\.动名词的区别及其用法、搭配.之欧侯瑞魂创作答：非谓语动词包括动词不定式.动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词.这三种形式都是由动词变来的,但在句子中都不能作谓语,故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词.下面就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下:一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语在暗示一个具体的.个另外或将来的举措时,要用动词不定式.如:My job is to teach the first-year students grammar.To study English well is very important.在暗示比力笼统的一般的行为和举措时,二者可以互换.如: To climb mountains is a good form of exercise.Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise.二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语1.动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只暗示被修饰名词的一般用途,必需位于名词之前.如: There is a swimming pool in our school.2.现在分词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,暗示所修饰名词的特征.如:Listen to the singing bird.Who is the boy running towards us.3.动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系.如:He is always the first to come to school.当所修饰的名词指物时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系.如:I have a meeting to attend.如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,需加上相应的介词.如:I have no room to live in.There is nothing for me to worry about.三、动词不定式和分词均可作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语时,暗示举措已经发生,举措的全过程已经结束.如:I heard him knock at the door three times.(=I heard he knocked at the door three times (举措的全过程已经结束) 现在分词作宾语补足语时,暗示举措正在进行.如:I heard him knocking at the door.(= I heard he was knocking at the door.(举措正在进行)过去分词也可以作宾语补足语.如:I found the glass broken.(= I found the glass was broken.)注意:动词不定式作宾语补足语时,在动词make,let,have,see,notice,hear,watch, observe,feel,listen to等后面要省略不定式符号to.如:I hear him play.The teacher made him do the exercises again.help后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to可加可不加.如:He often helps me to study English in his spare time.当这些动词酿成主动语态时,原不定式必需加上to.如:He was seen to repair the machine.四、动词不定式和动名词均可作宾语1.下列动词后只能跟不定式作宾语: hope, agree, decide, manage, wish, refuse, dare, promise等.如:He has promised to lend me the dictionary.2.下列动词后只能跟动名词作宾语: enjoy, finish, avoid, practise, mind, escape, excuse, suggest, consider(考虑), give up, can't help等.如:He wants to give up smoking.They practise speaking English every day.3.在动词remember,forget,regret,stop,try等后面跟动词不定式或动名词时,意义上有所分歧.如:He forgot telling me the news.他忘了曾告诉过我这个消息.He forgot to tell me the news.他忘了要把这个消息告诉我.五、动词不定式和分词均可作状语不定式作状语通常暗示"目的"或"水平";分词作状语通常暗示"陪伴情况"."时间"或"原因"等.如:He went to the library to borrow a book (表目的)The boy sat at the desk reading a book.(表陪伴情况)六、动词不定式和动名词均有复合结构不定式的复合结构:for sb.(not) to do sth.动名词的复合结构:名词所有格或形容词性物主代词+动名词.如:It's important for us to learn English well.He prided himself upon his dancing.。
动名词和分词与动词不定式用法比较
第六讲：动名词和分词与动词不定式用法比较英语中的不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）在句中不能充当谓语，故被称为非谓语动词。
它们都有否定式、被动式和完成式。
否定词not, never总放在它们之前，被动式及完成式见下表：一般式现在式完成式完成进行式其中，动名词还可以被代词及名词所有格修饰，构成动名词的复合结构。
这种代词和名词所有格充当动名词的逻辑主语。
to havebeenkeeping\\\\\to havekeptto havekeepingto keep主动不定式被动to bekeptto havebeingkept\\having kept主动keeping动名词被动being kept主动keeping分词被动being kepthaving beenkepthaving kepthaving beenkept\\\-------His anxiety doesn't justify his being so rude to his mother.他的焦虑不是他对母亲这么粗鲁的理由。
-------The father was angry at his son's spending money like water.父亲对儿子的花钱如流水感到愤怒。
在口语或非正式语体中，也可用宾格代替代词和名词的所有格。
故上面两句可改为：-------His anxiety doesn't justify him being so rude to his mother.-------The father was angry at his son spending money like water.1.作主语(1)动名词和不定式都可充当主语，意义上一般区别不大。
-------Seeing is believing.和To see is to believe.都意为：百闻不如一见。
动名词和分词与动词不定式用法比较
第六讲：动名词和分词与动词不定式用法比较英语中的不定式、动名词和分词（此刻分词和过去分词）在句中不可以充任谓语，故被称为非谓语动词。
它们都有否认式、被动式和达成式。
否认词 not, never 总放在它们以前，被动式及达成式见下表：一般式此刻式达成式达成进行式此中，动名词还能够被代词及名词全部格修饰，组成动名词的复合构造。
这类代词和名词全部格充任动名词的逻辑主语。
to havebeenkeeping\\\\\to havekeptto havekeepingto keep主动不定式被动to bekeptto havebeingkept\\having kept主动keeping 动名词被动being kept 主动keeping 分词被动 being kepthaving beenkepthaving kepthaving beenkept\\\-------His anxiety doesn't justify his being so rude to his mother.他的忧虑不是他对母亲这么鲁莽的原由。
-------The father was angry at his son's spending money like water父.亲对儿子的花费如流水感觉愤慨。
在口语或非正式语体中，也可用宾格取代代词和名词的全部格。
故上边两句可改为：-------His anxiety doesn't justify him being so rude to his mother.-------The father was angry at his son spending money like water.1.作主语(1)动名词和不定式都可充任主语，意义上一般差异不大。
-------Seeing is believing和. To see is to believe都.意为：百闻不如一见。
非谓语作定语的5种形式归纳
To do不定式：只能做后置定语Doing动名词：只能做前置定语Doing现在分词：自己的时候只能做前置定语；现在分词短语只能做后置定语Done过去分词：自己的时候只能做前置定语；过去分词短语只能做后置定语不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作。
如：They have three tickets to spare. 他们多三张票。
She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。
分词作定语，单个的放在所修饰的名词前(left 等除外)，短语放在所修饰的名词后。
现在分词表示其动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生，过去分词表示其动作已经完成或没有时间性；在逻辑上被修饰的名词与现在分词是主谓关系，与过去分词是被动关系。
She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。
There are no places left to sit on the train. 火车上没有座位可坐了。
There is a gentleman asking to see you. 有一位先生要求见你。
注：现在分词的完成式通常只作状语，而不能作定语。
动名词作定语，只放在名词前，说明该名词的性能或用途，不表动作，被修饰的名词与-ing 形式在逻辑上没有主谓关系。
如：The doctor told me not to take sleeping pills. 医生叫我不要服安眠药。
to be done, being done, done 均可用作定语，且都表示被动意义，其区别在于：to be done 表示将来，being done 表示目前正在发生，done 表示过去已经发生。
如：The house to be built next year is a cinema. 明年建的那座房子是家电影院。
The house being built now is a cinema. 现在正在建的房子是家电影院。
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不定式作定语的用法不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。
一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。
1、主谓关系的（1）We must find a person to do the work.(2) There is no one to take care of her.(3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up.(4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.2、动宾关系的如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。
注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。
（1） He has a lot of books to read.(2) I would like a magazine to look at.(3) Here is some advice for you to follow.(4) Do you have anything else to say?(5) There is no one to take care of.(6) She has nothing to worry about.3、动状关系的被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语，应多用介词短语。
由于被修饰词前没有介词，所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词。
（1）Please give me some paper to write on.(2) Let’s find a room to put these things in(3） I have no house to live in.(4) He has no pen to write with.(5) There are five pairs to choose from.4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的，被修饰词多是些抽象名词。
（1）I have no time to go to the movie.（2）There’s no need to send for a doctor.(3) Where’s the best place to meet?(4) Is that the way to do it?(5） I’m not sure about his ability to complete the task alone.练习1. He has no friend _______(depend) on.2. He is not the kind of man (do) such things.3. I have a lot of work (finish) today.4. There is a good rule ( go ) by.5. Thank you for giving me the chance (make) the speech.6. She is always the first ( answer ) questions.7. Can you find a proper person ( finish) this job in time动词的-ing形式做定语动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置，如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。
如： 1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。
2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。
3.A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。
4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗? 注意：当-ing形式做后置定语时，可以相当于相应的定语从句。
如： 1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday. →A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday. 一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。
2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin. →The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查，即： 1)说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。
如： 1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。
2.He may be in the reading room，for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。
dies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting room.女士们先生们，请去会议室等待。
2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作。
如： 1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。
2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher? 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?练习：1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars.2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.to cover3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ____ Chinese in the school，most _____ were from Germany.A.study;of whomB.study;of themC.studying;of themD.studying;of whom 4.The question ______ at present has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussingB.to discussC.been discussedD.being discussed 5.China is a_____country______to the third world.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged 6.---Who is the man______to the teacher? ---A model worker_____our school.A.talks，visitsB.is talking;is visitingC.talking;visitingD.talking;visited 7.The flowers_____sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smellB.smellingC.smeltD.to be smelt8. There are a few boys (swim) in the river.9. There is a car ( wait ) outside.10 .People (wait) for the bus often sheltered in my doorway.11. The boy (sit)behind me is my brother.12. The girl (swim) in the pool is my daughter过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况.1、前置定语单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义.a) 被动意义:an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料.b):完成意义:a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶.2、后置定语过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句.如:This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written). 这将是这类小说中写得最好的.The people caught =(who was caught)by the police was a thief. 被警察抓获的那个人是个贼练习：1.-----Who would you like to see at the moment?------ The man_____ John.A. called himB. we call him C calling D. called2. The _____ glass cup was ______ by John.A. breaking; brokenB. breaking; breakingC. broken, brokenD. broken; breaking3. English is different from English in many ways.A. Spoken, writtenB. Speaking, writtenC. Spoken, writingD. Speak, write4. Prices of goods, through a computer, can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay6. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down7. With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.A. falling; buryingB. fallen; buriedC. fallen; buryingD. falling; buried8. She asked if there was anything _______ for tonight.A. to planB. plannedC. that plansD. planning9.I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. burningB. burntC. being burntD. to be burnt10. He felt very ______after finishing his work.A excitedB excitingC exciteD badly。