Power System Contingency Analysis电力系统静态安全分析
电力系统英文单词
电力系统p o w e r s y s t e m 发电机g e n e r a t o r 励磁e x c i t a t i o n 励磁器excitor
电压voltage
电流current
升压变压器step-up transformer
母线bus
变压器transformer
空载损耗no-load loss
铁损iron loss
铜损copper loss
空载电流no-load current
有功损耗active loss
无功损耗reactive loss
输电系统power transmission system
高压侧high side
输电线transmission line
高压high voltage
低压low voltage
中压middle voltage
功角稳定angle stability
稳定stability
电压稳定voltage stability
暂态稳定transient stability
电厂power plant
能量输送power transfer
交流AC
直流DC
电网power system
落点drop point
开关站switch station
调节regulation
高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的apposable
裕度margin
故障fault
三相故障three phase fault
分接头tap
切机generator triping
高顶值high limited value
静态static (state)
动态dynamic (state)
Power Systems Modeling and Stability Analysis电力系统的建模和稳定性分析
Converter, Cycloconverter) • Power Conditioning and Management in
• Power system operations, economics and planning
• Electricity Markets
– Operations, management – Ancillary services and congestion
management – Pricing of real and reactive power – CDM/DR – DG
of HV • EVs
14-May-20
7
Members
Mehrdad Kazerani (Associate Professor)
– Ph.D. (McGill), P.Eng. – Expertise:
• Power Electronics • Distributed Generation (wind, solar, micro-
• Smart Grid • PHEVs & EVs
14-May-20
3
电力系统分析-中南大学电力电子与可再生能源研究所
电力系统分析(I)Power System Analysis
电力系统的组成
~工业农业商业生活
发电+输电+变电+配电+用电
电网
电力系统
s
a D D L eq
0ln
2πμ=3312312eq D D D D =互几何均距
23
4
4 1.09sb s d D D d
-=
架空输电线路的参数
+q b
H13
H12 H1H2
H23
H3
+q a
+q c
-q a
-q c D12
D13
D23
-q b
2-1架空输电线路的参数
高压架空输电线
00L r ω<<0
0=g
2-1架空输电线路的参数
创新
✧R?
✧L?
✧C?
V
( dx
2-2架空输电线的等值电路
集中参数等值
Π型等值电路
⎩
⎨⎧≈'+≈'l b k Y l x k l r k Z b x r 000j j 工频稳态
修正参数:500~600km
2-2架空输电线的等值电路
集中参数等值
Π型等值电路
⎩
⎨⎧+≈'+≈'l b g Y l x r Z )j ()j (0000 工频稳态
近似参数:200~300km
更长的线路,可以用多个Π型等值电路串联表示
2-3变压器的等值电路和参数
R1 G T j X1
-j B T R2j X2 R3j X3
等值电路三绕组变压器
2-3变压器的等值电路和参数
参数计算变比k
T
✧两侧绕组空载线电压的比值
✧与同一铁芯上原副方匝数有区别,
与绕组接法有关
✧按照实际的分接头计算
2-3变压器的等值电路和参数
R 1
G T
j X 1
-j B T
参数计算
三绕组变压器
R 2
j X 2
R 3
j X 3
高低中高中低升压变降压变
2-3变压器的等值电路和参数参数计算三绕组变压器
电力系统暂态分析
Extended Equal-area Criterion
energy at fault clearing time:
If
,the system is stable.
If
,the system is unstable.
If
,It is a critical case.
The Procedure Of Lyapunov Function Method
Potential Energy Boundary Surface(PEBS) Approach
4. If the kinetic energy is high enough to cause the ball to go over the
rim,the ball will enter the region of instability.
Application to power sysytem:
1
2
Equation 1 divided by equation 2,and integrating gives:
Definition Of The Transient Energy Function
Stability Region And Phase Plane Diagram
In the above figure, each lotus 〔1~5〕is an equal energy curve. The total energy increases from insider to outsider, until the corresponding maximum sealed curve to unstable equilibrium point and reaches critical energy. This curve is called polar circle, the inside is stable region. Thus, we get critical energy
Power System Economics
Power System Economics
——Designing Markets for Electricity
Steven Stoft
Power System Economics介绍与讨论
电力系统经济学
——电力市场设计
Steven Stoft的书为理解批发电力市场设计中所遇到的关键问题提供了即广泛又新颖的分析思路,它实现了经济理论与电力网络相关技术特性的良好综合。该书对于参与设计与评估竞争性批发电力市场的经济学家、监管者、工程师及其它人员而言是一本必选读物。
保罗L. 乔斯科(Paul L. Joskow MIT经济系及Sloan学院电能与环境政策中心主任)
Stoft提供了一种有益的分析思路,它综合了基本的经济原理与电力系统特征。每个参与电力改革的人将从阅读本书中获益。
威廉W.霍根(William W. Hogan 哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院)
有多所大学选用该书作为教材:
U. of Calgary Electricity Markets
West Virginia U. Power Systems Analysis and Economics
MIT Energy Systems and Economic Development
Rutgers U. Energy Economics.
主要内容
本书主旨是为了提高人们对电力市场的认识,为政策制订与市场设计提供理论支持。书中详细阐述了经济学及实际工程原理在电力市场设计中的应用,将经济理论与电力网络技术特性良好地综合在一起,同时对价格尖峰与电力库这两仃关键问题进行人认真分析,对一些基本问题进行了细致的解答,并指明了目前存在的诸多认识上的误区。
常见课程英文名
高等数学Advanced Mathematics
工程数学Engineering Mathematics
中国革命史History of Chinese Revolutionary
程序设计Programming Design
机械制图Mechanical Drawing
社会学Sociology
体育Physical Education
物理实验Physical Experiments
电路Circuit
物理Physics
哲学Philosophy
法律基础Basic of Law
理论力学Theoretical Mechanics
材料力学Material Mechanics
电机学Electrical Machinery
政治经济学Political Economy
自动控制理论Automatic Control Theory
模拟电子技术基础Basis of Analogue Electronic Technique
数字电子技术Digital Electrical Technique
电磁场Electromagnetic Field
微机原理Principle of Microcomputer
企业管理Business Management
专业英语Specialized English
可编程序控制技术Controlling Technique for Programming
金工实习Metal Working Practice
毕业实习Graduation Practice
毕业设计Graduation Project
电力系统分析PowerSystemAnalysis
QPii
Ui Ui
U j (Gij cosij Bij sinij ) U j (Gij sinij Bij cosij )
2、潮流方程的讨论和节点类型的划分
Gij Bij 参数
Pi Qi Ui i 4N个变量
共2N个方程
QPii
PGi PLi QGi QLi
PD apU 2 bpU cp
QD
aqU
2
bqU
cq
其中aapq
bp bq
cp=1 cq=1
恒阻抗、恒电流、恒功率
三、潮流计算中的特殊问题
2、PV与PQ节点转换 3、多个平衡节点 4、中枢点电压控制 5、联络线功率控制
三、潮流计算中的特殊问题
6、无功电压问题 7、网损分析 8、潮流方程的解的存在性和多值性 9、病态潮流及其求解
umin u umax
四、潮流计算问题的扩展
3、约束方程 对依从变量的约束
– 负荷母线电压 – 发电机无功出力 – 线路有、无功潮流或电流
hmin h(x, u, D, p, A) hmax
四、潮流计算问题的扩展
4、常规潮流
f (x,u, D, p, A) 0 umin u umax hmin h(x, u, D, p, A) hmax
常见课程英文名
高等数学Advanced Mathematics
工程数学Engineering Mathematics
中国革命史History of Chinese Revolutionary
程序设计Programming Design
机械制图Mechanical Drawing
社会学Sociology
体育Physical Education
物理实验Physical Experiments
电路Circuit
物理Physics
哲学Philosophy
法律基础Basic of Law
理论力学Theoretical Mechanics
材料力学Material Mechanics
电机学Electrical Machinery
政治经济学Political Economy
自动控制理论Automatic Control Theory
模拟电子技术基础Basis of Analogue Electronic Technique
数字电子技术Digital Electrical Technique
电磁场Electromagnetic Field
微机原理Principle of Microcomputer
企业管理Business Management
专业英语Specialized English
可编程序控制技术Controlling Technique for Programming
金工实习Metal Working Practice
毕业实习Graduation Practice
毕业设计Graduation Project
高等电力系统稳态分析 第四章 电力系统静态安全分析
www.emribj.com
一、电力系统安全性
• Dy Liacco提出了用以检验安全性的一个构想。 在这个构想中电力系统被看作是处于两组约束 下运行的:负荷约束和运行约束。
– 负荷约束的要求是所有负荷都必须被满足 – 运行约束则给出了网络运行参数的上限和下限.
• 同时,在该构想中Fra Baidu bibliotek系统想象为四种状态:安 全正常状态(secure normal state)、不安 全正常状态(insecure normal state)、紧 急状态(emergency state)和恢复状态 (restorative state)。正常状态时负荷约束 与运行约束均被满足的状态。而紧急状态指对 运行约束有重大破坏的状态。恢复状态是指负 荷约束被破坏的状态。图1.2所示为这个概念 www.emribj.com 性的构想。
www.emribj.com
第四章 电力系统静态安全分析
Static Security Analysis
参考书籍
• 《电力系统静态安全分析》吴际舜, 上 海交通大学出版社
www.emribj.com
www.emribj.com
第一节 概述
一、电力系统安全性
• 自从电力作为能量被利用以来,世界各 国都致力于在广泛的地域内实现电源、 负荷的相互联系,从而形成了所好的互 联系统(interconnected power system)。大系统具有若干优越性。大 电网的形成也是经济发展的客观必然, 对形成大电力系统后的积极方面,巳经 有了长期的充分的议论。
电力系统 power system
电力系统power system
发电机generator
励磁excitation
励磁器excitor
电压voltage
电流current
升压变压器step-up transformer
母线bus
变压器transformer
空载损耗no-load loss
铁损iron loss
铜损copper loss
空载电流no-load current
有功损耗active loss
无功损耗reactive loss
输电系统power transmission system 高压侧high side
输电线transmission line
高压high voltage
低压low voltage
中压middle voltage
功角稳定angle stability
稳定stability
电压稳定voltage stability
暂态稳定transient stability
电厂power plant
能量输送power transfer
交流AC
直流DC
电网power system
落点drop point
开关站switch station
调节regulation
高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的apposable
裕度margin
故障fault
三相故障three phase fault
分接头tap
切机generator triping
高顶值high limited value
静态static (state)
动态dynamic (state)
机端电压控制AVR
电抗reactance
电力系统稳态分析考试简答题
电力系统稳态分析考试简答题
Chapter 1: XXX Power Systems
1.What are power systems and power grids?
Answer: The overall system of power n。n。n。n。and n is called a power system。The power grid refers to the n and n parts of the power system。excluding power XXX.
2.What are the characteristics of power system n。and what are the basic requirements for the power system?
Answer: Characteristics of power energy n。n。and n include:
1) XXX us sectors of the nal economy;
2) XXX;
3) The unified whole of n。n。and n cannot be separated;
4) Rapid changes in the working ns of power energy n。n。and n;
5) XXX.
Basic requirements for power system n include:
1) XXX;
2) Ensuring good power quality;
powersystemanalysis电力系统分析
Power System Analysis
The one line diagram
Modern power systems are invariably three phase. In a balanced three phase systems is always solved as a single phase circuit composed of one of the three lines and a neutral return and this is sufficient to give a complete analysis. Such a simplified diagram of an electric system is called a one–line diagram. Figure 1 below shows the symbols for representing the components of a three phase power system.
Rotating Machine( Generator or Motor).
Circuit Breaker.
3-phase delta connection.
3-phase star connection (neutral ungrounded).
3-phase star connection (neutral grounded).
Two winding power transformer .
Figure-1-symbols of components of a 3-phase power system.
电力系统分析基础PowerSystemAnalysisBasis一-精选文档
无功功率及电压调整—如何使无功合理分布
使功率损耗最小
障计算
(6学时)
短路电流分析与计算—三相短路及不对称故
(20学时)
教材
1、电力系统分析基础,李庚银,杨淑英,栗 然 ,机械工业出版社
2、电力系统稳态分析 (第三版) 南大学,陈珩,水利电力出版社 东
3、电力系统暂态分析 (第三版) 西安 交通大学,李光琦,水利电力出版社 4、电力系统分析复习指导与习题精解 杨淑英 中国电力出版社 5、电力系统分析习题集,杨国旺
如何学习这门课程
1、先修课程:电路,电机学
2、听课为主,自学为辅
3、看书2~3遍 4、及时、独立的完成作业 5、理解基本概念,不要死记硬背
§1.1 电力系统的基本概念
3、直流输电线路、高自然功率的紧凑型线路以及灵活交流 输电(FACTS)等多种多样输电新技术的研究也取得很 大进展,有的已进入工程实践。
• 高自然功率的紧凑型输电线路(俄罗斯、巴西),我国 500kV紧凑型输电线路北京昌平到房山。 • 灵活输电又称柔性输电可以很灵活的调节电网功率,国 外已有较广泛应用。
§1.1 电力系统的基本概念
• 1972年,第一条330kV超高压输电线路建成,从刘家峡水 电站至汉中,全长534公里。随后330kV线路延伸到陕甘宁 青4个省区,形成西北跨省联合电网 。 •1981年,第一条500千伏超高压输电线路投入运行,从河南 平顶山姚孟火电厂到湖北武昌凤凰山变电所,使中国成为世 界上第8个拥有500千伏超高压输电的国家。 •1989年,中国第一条±500千伏直流输电线路(葛洲坝-上 海,1080公里)建成投入运行,实现华中电力系统与华东电 力系统互联,形成中国第一个跨大区的联合电力系统。
《电力系统分析基础》第1章.pptx
2、电力系统暂态分析 (第三版) 西安 交通大学,李光琦,水利电力出版社
3、电力系统分析复习指导与习题精解 杨淑英 中国电力出版社
如何学习这门课程
1、先修课程:电路,电机学 2、听课为主,自学为辅 3、看书2~3遍 4、及时、独立的完成作业 5、理解基本概念,不要死记硬背 6、多翻阅电网技术、电力系统自动化等期刊
下了基础 • 1882年,爱迪生小型电力系统(pearl street power
station),6台直流发电机,16km,59个用户,电压: 直流110V。 • 1885年,制成变压器,为实现交流输电奠定了基础 • 1890年,英国从Deptford到伦敦11km的10kV线路( 第一条高压交流电力线路) • 1891年,德国从Lauffen到法兰克福170km的15kV线 路(第一条三相交流输电线路)
§1.1 电力系统的基本概念
• 1972年,第一条330kV超高压输电线路建成,从刘家峡水 电站至汉中,全长534公里。随后330kV线路延伸到陕甘宁 青4个省区,形成西北跨省联合电网 。
500kV • 目前国际上实际投运的最高电压等级750kV(加、美、俄、巴
西、南非等国) • 我国西北电网750kV(青海官亭—甘肃兰州),2005年投
运 • 2009年我国首条1000kV(山西长治晋东南变电站-南阳-
湖北荆门变电站)投运,645km,实现华北和华中电网互连
研究生专业英语_电力系统及其自动化(虚拟仪器)
abnormal overload 异常过载,事故过载active power 有功功率
ampere-hour efficiency 充电效率
aperiodic damping 非周期阻尼arithmetic circuitry 运算电路
capacitive voltage transformer 电容式电压互感器closed electric circuit 闭合电路
de-energizing circuit 去激电路,去励磁电路distribution network 配电网
earthing arrangement 接地系统
electrical phase angle 电相(位)角electronic transducer 电子式互感器
end pressure 端部压力
energy conversion factor 能量转换系数equivalent admittance 等效导纳
equivalent generator 等效发电机equivalent parameter 等效参数,等值参数equivalent reactance 等效电抗,等值电抗equivalent resistance 等效电阻,等值电阻excitation characteristic 励磁特性
extended uncertainty 扩展不确定度
faulty line selection 故障选线
Ferro resonance 铁磁谐振
field inspection 现场检验
fully energized 全激励,满励磁fundamental frequency 基本频率,基频
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Power System Contingency Analysis: A Study of Nigeria’s 330KV
Transmission Grid
Nnonyelu, Chibuzo Joseph Department of Electrical Engineering University of Nigeria, Nsukka
chibuzo.nnonyelu@.ng
Prof. Theophilus C. Madueme
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Nigeria, Nsukka Abstracts
As new sources of power are added to the Nigeria’s power system, an over-riding factor in the operation of the power system is the desire to maintain security and expectable reliability level in all sectors –generation, transmission, and distribution. System security can be assessed using contingency analysis. In this paper, contingency analysis and reliability evaluation of Nigeria power system will be performed using the load flow method. The result of this analysis will be used to determine the security level of the Nigeria power system and suggestions will also be made on the level of protection to be applied on the Nigeria power system with aim of improving system security.
Keywords: Contingency Analysis, Contingency, Power System Security, Overload Index
1.INTRODUCTION
Power system protection is an important factor of consideration in all sectors of a power system during both planning and operation stages. This is because any loss of component leads to transient instability of the system and can be checked immediately by the help of protective devices put in place. As we propose and source new sources of power in order to meet up the Nigeria energy demand, it is important to access the security level of the existing grid in order to devise a more defensive approach of operation.
Currently, the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCM), projected to have the capacity to deliver about 12,500 MW in 2013, has the capacity of delivering 4800 MW of electricity. Nigeria has a generating capacity of 5,228 MW but with peak production of 4500 MW against a peak demand forecast of 10,200MW. This shows that if the generation sector is to run at full production, the transmission grid will not have the capacity to handle the produced power reliably [7]. This goes a long way to tell that the 330 KV transmission system is not running effectively as expected. Therefore to maintain and ensure a secure operation of this delicate system, the need for contingency analysis cannot be over emphasized.
Contingencies are defined as potentially harmful disturbances that occur during the steady state operation of a power system [1] Contingencies can lead to some abnormalities such as over voltage at some buses, over loading on the lines, which if are unchecked, can lead to total system collapse.
Power system engineers use contingency analysis to predict the effect of any component failure. Periodically, maintenance operation are carried out on generating units or transmission lines. During this, a unit is taken offline for servicing. The effect of this forced outage on other parts of the system can be observed using contingency analysis.