CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题2016年5月
2016年上半年笔译二级综合能力真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2016年上半年笔译二级综合能力真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze TestPART 1 V ocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This part consists of three sections. Read the directions for each section before answering the questions. The time for this part is 25 minutes.SECTION 1 V ocabulary SelectionIn the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer.1．Scientists are pushing known technologies to their limits in an attempt to______more energy from the earth.A．detractB．protractC．extractD．retract正确答案：C解析：本题考查动词语义搭配。
题干大意为“科学家们正在推进现有技术的发展，以更多的能源”，本题四个选项均以-tract结尾，但其中只有extract(提取，获取)的语义能与energy(能源)构成符合上下文逻辑的搭配，故C选项符合题意。
英语二级笔译5月真题+答案解析
英译汉 passage1Along a rugged, wide North Sea beach here on a recent day, children formed teams of eight to 10,taking their places beside mounds of sand carefully cordoned by tape. They had one hour for their sand castle competition. Some built fishlike structures, complete with scales. Others spent their time on elaborate ditch and dike labyrinths. Each castle was adorned on top with a white flag.近日，北海沿岸崎岖而宽广的海滩上，孩子们八人一组，十人一队，在用隔离带精心围起来的沙堆旁各就各位。
他们要在一个小时内完成堆沙堡的比赛。
有些人打造鱼形的主体建筑，再配上鳞片。
其余的人修建复杂的沟渠和迷宫式的堤坝。
每个沙堡的顶部都插有一面白旗。
1.“taking their places/ beside mounds of sand /carefully cordoned by tape.”这句话划分一下知道了大概意思是这些小朋友各就各位在自己的沙堆旁边，这些沙堆被隔离带精心的围着。
mound of [something]一堆某物A. noun警戒线to throw a cordon around [something]在某物周围设置警戒线B. transitive verbcordon off[cordon off something], [cordon something off]封锁4.ditchA. noun沟B. transitive verb①(get rid of)抛弃‹partner, friend›; 丢弃‹car, machinery›to ditch one's boyfriend甩掉男友②Aviation(crash-land)«pilot, crew» 使…在海上迫降‹plane›Then they watched the sea invade and devour their work, seeing whose castle could with stand the tide longest. The last standing flag won.然后，孩子们等待着大海涨潮，吞没沙堡，看谁的沙堡在潮水中持续的时间最久。
2016年考研英语二真题及答案
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Happy people work differently.They’re more productive,more creative,and willing to take greater risks.And new research suggests that happiness might influence___1___firms work,too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recent research paper.___2___,firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking___3___for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the___4___and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would ___5___the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities’average happiness___6___by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.___7___enough,firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were___8___.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment,or could something else about happier cities___9___ why firms there spend more on R&D?To find out,the researchers controlled for various___10___that might make firms more likely to invest–like size,industry,and sales–and for indicators that a place was___11___to live in,like growth in wages or population.The link between happiness and investment generally___12___even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors ___13___to“less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of“younger and less___14___managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was___15___stronger in places where happiness was spread more___16___.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happiness inequality.___17___this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view,the authors believe it at least___18___at that possibility.It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help___19___ how executives think about the future.“It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and___20___R&D more than the average,”said one researcher.1.[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when2.[A]In return[B]In particular[C]In contrast[D]In conclusion3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary4.[A]individualism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunate[D]Often8.[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overta x ed[D]headquartered9.[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize10.[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable12.[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke13.[A]attribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never16.[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally17.[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20.[A]pray for[B]lean towards[C]give away[D]send outSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,said Tom Cortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However,Cortina said,early e x posure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science,they learn that it’s not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers–but a tool to build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum,but“we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the“Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn–how to think logically through a problem and organize the results–apply to any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the rest of their lives,The younger they learn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want —the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.21.Cortina holds that early e x posure to computer science makes it easier to________.[A]complete future job training[B]remodel the way of thinking[C]formulate logical hypotheses[D]perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers,Flatiron has considered their________.[A]experience[B]interest[C]career prospects[D]academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will________.[A]help students learn other computer languages[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C]need improving when students look for jobs[D]enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected to________.[A]bring forth innovative computer technologies[B]stay longer in the information technology industry[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world[D]compete with a future army of programmers25.The word“coax”(Line4,Para.6)is closest in meaning to________.[A]persuade[B]frighten[C]misguide[D]challengeText2Biologists estimate that as many as2million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some22,000birds remain today,occupying about16%of the species'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered”,a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated95%of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with2new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside FWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of67,000birds over the next10years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states”remain in the driver's seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly,industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far;environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist JayLininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is.________.[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The“threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it________.[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they________.[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe,the leading role in managing the species is________.[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support________.[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText3That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché.But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully:There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient.The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd30minutes doesn't work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you're so e x hausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need.The modern mind,Tim Parks, a novelist and critic,writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,“becoming more efficient”is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.Immersive reading,by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading—useful,sometimes,but not the most fulfilling kind.“The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and“we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get by without being filled,we will have wasted them.”No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behavior helps us“step outside time's flow”into“soul time”. You could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers.“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work,too—providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good day,it no longer feels as if you're“making time to read,”but just reading,and making time for everything else.31.The usual time-management techniques don’t work because________.[A]what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The“empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to________.[A]update their to-do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps________.[A]encourage the efficiency mind-set[B]develop online reading habits[C]promote ritualistic reading[D]achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if________.[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be________.[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Find Time to Read[C]How to Set Reading Goals[D]How to Read E x tensivelyText4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,younger Americans are drawing a new21st-century road map to success,a latest poll has found.Across generational lines,Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married,having children,owning a home,and retiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life,they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home,the survey found.From career to community and family,these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life,from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point:Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today,big majorities in both groups believe those“just getting started in life”face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job,starting a family,managing debt,and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider,a27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college.Even now that he is working steadily,he said.”I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own,so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.”Looking back,he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.“I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,”Schneider said.“I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36.One cross-generation mark of a successful life is________.[A]trying out different lifestyles[B]having a family with children[C]working beyond retirement age[D]setting up a profitable business37.It can be learned from Paragraph3that young people tend to________.[A]favor a slower life pace[B]hold an occupation longer[C]attach importance to pre-marital finance[D]give priority to childcare outside the home38.The priorities and e x pectations defined by the young will________.[A]become increasingly clear[B]focus on materialistic issues[C]depend largely on political preferences[D]reach almost all aspects of American life39.Both young and old agree that________.[A]good-paying jobs are less available[B]the old made more life achievements[C]housing loans today are easy to obtain[D]getting established is harder for the young40.Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A]He found a dream job after graduating from college.[B]His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[C]His parents’good life has little to do with a college degree.[D]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don't overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAct Your Shoe Size,Not Your Age.As adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art—and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.Instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41.________________What does a child do when he's sad?He cries.When he's angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of both.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then—again,like children—move on.42.________________A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn't stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.Instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43.________________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies,increase good hormones like endorphins,improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection.All of which would,of course,have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44.________________The problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with—work,mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the lu x ury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing around the living room,anyone?)——it doesn't matter,so long as they're enjoyable,and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.________________Having said all of the above,it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:“Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.”And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.SectionⅢTranslation46.Direction：Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store,the more stuff you'll see,and the more stuff you see,the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket,according to the Food Marketing Institute,carries some 44,000different items,and many carry tens of thousands more.The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.According to brain-scan experiments,the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.After about40minutes of shopping,most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the50percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.SectionⅣWritingPart A47.Directions：Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)thank him,and2)give advice.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own e Li Ming instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2016年英语二真题答案Section I Use of English1．C2．B3．D4．C5．D6．B7．A8．D9．A10．B 11．A12．B13．A14．D15．C16．D17．C18．C19．A20．BSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText121—25BBACAText226—30ACADCText331—35DBDABText436—40BCDDCPart B41—45CEABDSectionⅢTranslation超市设计的目的就是为了吸引顾客花尽可能多的时间在卖场选购。
2016catti答案
在单身生活中有了可供支配的33,000美金，当谈到舒适和消遣的事情，你总可应付自如。远离婚礼策划的桎梏，这事最美的之处在于，你有机会犒赏自己。比如，当你可以脚踏本季最贵的鞋子而且看起来神采奕奕，何必还要去花费1,400美金去买一件只穿一次而后就被蛀掉的裙装?
婚礼的主角理应是快乐的夫妻，每个人都知道这是胡说，因为在婚礼的这几个小时中，你要为宾客供给食物，娱乐消遣并且提供其身之所并且因此而负债累累。算了，不说这些了。给你一个小小的建议，与其花费将近600美金在那为来宾准备的丑陋的多层婚礼蛋糕上面，不如将它挥霍在足够使用一年的巴西比基尼蜡上面。还是那句名言，任由他们去吃蛋糕吧！
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语二级笔译实务历年真题(2016-2018年含官方参考译文CATTI)
笔者 2019 年 7 月 2 日
3
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级笔译实务真题（官方原版含译文）编辑：李振龙
2018 年 11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷
Section1:English-Chinesetranslation(英译汉)(50points)
2
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级笔译实务真题（官方原版含译文）编辑：李振龙
编辑说明
《全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试》是全国实行统一、面向社会的、国内最 具权威的翻译专业资格考试（认证），是对参试人员口译或笔译方面双语互译能 力和水平的认定。截止 2019 年之前官方（中国外文局）从未公布历年考试真题， 2019 年 4 月首次公布真题，但由于定价太高，且网络虽散见历年回忆版试题， 但并不完整，且错误较多，不利于考生复习备考。故笔者收集整理校对近三年《二 级笔译实务》真题，供广大参加翻译专业考试人员参考使用。
Passage 1
New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 3,00 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.
CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题2016年5月_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题2016年5月(总分60, 做题时间60分钟)English-Chinese Translation (60 points)This part consists of two sections: SECTIONA 1 “Compulsory Translation” and SECTION 2 “Optional Translation” **prises “Topic 1” and “Topic 2”. Translate the passage in SECTION 1 and your choic1.【Passage 1】Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed.It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodalltold me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.”Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey — Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days — and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work.He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about**mon progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania).In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe.Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools — extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass —drastically and forev er altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools.After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 30答案:1957年3月，当珍妮•古道尔（Jane Goodall）在伦敦码头候船时，她发现护照不见了。
2016年考研英语二翻译真题及答案
2016年考研英语二翻译真题及答案考研网为你收集整理带来的2016考研英语二翻译真题及答案。
2016考研英语二的考试已经结束了，你觉得2016年考研英语翻译题的难易度如何，你是不是想知道自己是否翻译正确或者翻译准确了？下面为你带来的是考研英语二翻译的真题及答案。
详情如下。
46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.超市设计的目的就是为了使消费者花尽可能多的时间在店内逛。
2016年5月、11月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案
2016年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案试题部分：Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese.LECCO, Italy — Each morning, about 450 students travel along 17 school bus routes to 10 elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como. There are zero school buses.In 2003, to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity, local traffic jams and —most important —a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions, an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept: children should walk to school.They set up a piedibus (literally foot-bus in Italian) —a bus route with a driver but no vehicle. Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco’s twisting streets to the schools’ gates, Pied Piper-style, stopping here and there as their flock expands.At the Carducci School, 100 children, or more than half of the students, now take walking buses. Many of them were previously driven in cars. Giulio• Greppi, a 9-year-old with shaggy blond hair, said he had been driven about a third of a mile each way until he started taking the piedibus. “I get to see my friends and we feel special because we know it’s good for the environment,” he said.Although the routes are each generally less than a mile, the town’s piedibuses have so far eliminated more than 100,000 miles of car travel and, in principle, prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air, Dario Pesenti, the town’s environment auditor, estimates.The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe, experts on both continents say, making up a sizable chunk of transportation’s contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions. The “school run” made up 18 percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year, a national survey showed.In 1969, 40 percent of students in the United States walked to school; in 2001, the most recent year data was collected, 13 percent did, according to the federal government’s National Household Travel Survey. Lecco’s walking bus was the first in Italy, but hundreds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and, more recently, in North America to combat the trend.Towns in France, Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes, although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco’s.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) Translate the following passage into English.全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。
2016年5月人事部翻译资格考试口译真题完整回忆版
2016年5⽉⼈事部翻译资格考试⼝译真题完整回忆版武聊：今天⼝译考试落下⼤幕，总体难度⽐去年秋天简单，⼆⼝还是以政府报告为主，专业词汇还需加强，三⼝倒是很接地⽓，“⼴场舞”等等新兴词汇，数字翻译的不多，这就说明简单嘛，哈哈哈！感谢⼏位同学的整理，转载时请说明出处，谢谢！2016年5⽉⼆⼝真题回忆英译汉⼀联合国预防性（还是防御性当时懵逼了卧槽）安全战略。
联合国和中国共同倡导预防性外交战略，我⾮常⾼兴。
中国坚持⾛和平发展的道路，对于维护世界和平起到了⾮常重要的作⽤。
然⽽针对国际问题中的众多冲突，我们需要通过沟通和外交的⽅式进⾏解决，在此，我们能够看到中国在处理国际和平与安全中所扮演的重要⾓⾊。
在维护国际和平与安全的过程中，我们需要采取⼀下的措施。
⾸先遇到冲突，我们不能激化⽭盾，需要⽭盾⽅坐下来进⾏谈判。
第⼆，需要通过persuade way来处理⽭盾。
第三，充分运⽤外交⼿段和平处理。
第四，忘却了。
差不多⼀共四点，然后最后呼吁了⼀下，我们要咋地咋地，创造⼀个更好的国际环境！英译汉⼆教育为我们提供了丰富的资源，让我们能够实现教学和求学的活动。
教育为⼈类的发展有重要的作⽤。
但是现在，教育的形式不再满⾜于填鸭式的教育，仅仅是为学⽣获得⼀份⼯作，⽽是需要开发学⽣们的思维，激发和满⾜学⽣们的好奇⼼。
⼩型的讲座(seminar)是⼤学⽣和研究⽣常见的⼀种学习形式，通过这样的形式，我们可以让学⽣们提出并捍卫⾃⼰的观点，同时要求他们去说服⽼师和同学，这样⼀来，创造性和批判性思维都能得到提升。
要实现这样的结果，⾸先，我们要让同学们进⾏批判性的阅读，⽽不仅仅是阅读并记忆书中的观点。
⽽是需要通过阅读来建⽴⾃⼰的观点。
其次，我们需要让学⽣们进⾏创作型的写作，让他们把⾃⼰的观点体现在⾃⼰的作业或论⽂中，⽽不是仅仅去重复或者输出他们从书中看到的观点。
同样，很多科学领域，商界⼈⼠和政府官员都⽤创造性和批判性思维解决了我们⾯临的很多问题。
2016年下半年翻译专业资格英语二级《笔译综合能力》考试真题试卷
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语2级笔译综合能力真题2016年度下半年Section1Vocabulary and Grammar（60pionts)This section consists of3parts.Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.Part1Vocabulary SelectionIn this part,there are20incomplete sentences.Below each sentence,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word which best completes each sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts)1、She______through the pages of a magazine,not really concentrating on them.A．curved B．flippedC．tumbled D．switched2、The republication of the poet's most recent work will certainly______ his national reputation.A．enhance B．enchantC．entertain D．enshrine3、It is a wonderful surprise to find out that other people perceive you as having the______you thought you were missing.A．standards B．levelsC．qualities D．grades4、Every street in that neighborhood has a different______of building boasting a combination of different angles and shapes.A．class B．flairC．style D．glamor5、Statistics convince us that in about one-third of this world today,survivalis still the leading industry;all else is______.A．logo B．luxuryC．lyric D．loss6、Maria became increasingly______,so she fled to her hometown in Austria.A．hasty B．horrifiedC．hateful D．homesick7、The nonverbal______communicated in business interactions through facial expressions and the movements of arms,legs and hands are very important.A．marks B．signalsC．labels D．hints8、In this hero of the film,you see a new image of the Chinese man,quite different from the______portrayed in popular Hollywood movies.A．example B．formalityC．stereotype D．category9、Traffic speed zones with a limit of60kilometers per hour reduce the death ______by45.6percent,with the greatest reduction in child casualties.A．sum B．quantityC．number D．toll10、This region may have as many as5million cases of AIDS in2016if the ______is not taken seriously.A．disease B．virusC．bacterium D．gene11、The protesters oppose building a high-rise in their neighborhood,stating that it will stand too close to their apartments and______the sunlight.A．obscure B．diluteC．alleviate D．lighten12、The president has got to provide a______overview of what he is trying to do throughout this explosive region of the world.A．controversial B．compellingC．consistent D．competing13、Jobs which require speed,accuracy,reliability or______can be performed far better by a robot than a human.A．insurance B．guidanceC．assistance D．endurance14、In the course of preparing his speech,he should be clearly aware of how to make effective use of statistics and examples to______one's point of view.A．blot B．blurC．bolster D．blunt15、Pessimistic procrastinators feel______and are afraid that their involvement in the task will prove this in the end.A．incompetent B．inconvenientC．inconstant D．incredible16、A simple microscope consists of a double convex lens and magnifying glass, while a______one,on the other hand,will contain more than one of these lenses.A．portable B．adaptableC．sophisticated D．movable17、Until______of the body clock has occurred,individuals suffering fromthe jet lag feel tired in the daytime and fail to sleep at night.A．amendment B．adjustmentC．assessment D．announcement18、According to CNN news,Oscar Menjivar-Herrera assaulted a girl with the help of the12-year-old boy.Police were shocked that this12-year-old has such a total lack of______.A．energy B．empathyC．endowment D．embarrassment19、The increasing popularity of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles is attributed to the savings in fuel costs compared with______ internal-combustion engine vehicles.A．convenient B．competitiveC．customary D．controversial20、Early in September each year,the population of Ann Arbor,Michigan, suddenly increases by about25,000as students arrive for the new academic year.This______changes the character of the town in a number of ways.A．input B．influxC．inflation D．insertionPart2Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of20sentences.In each of them one word is underlined, and below each,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively. Choose the word that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts）21、Comparison and contrast are rhetorical devices often employed deliberately in advertisements.A．derivatives B．figuresC．skills D．components22、World leaders unequivocally condemned the latest terrorist attack on civilians in several countries.A．undeniably B．unmistakablyC．unbelievably D．unbearably23、The vice president tried to wave aside these considerations as inconsequential details that could be settled later.A．trivial B．arrogantC．intentional D．preliminary24、Radar is used to extend the competence of man's senses for observing his environment,especially the sense of vision.A．validity B．liabilityC．capability D．intensity25、Its success was instantaneous,though neither the host nor Mr.Pepys could quite see the joke.A．insistent B．initialC．imperceptible D．immediate26、Some of the employees of the company are just interested in getting the job done,and going home on time,and others have no sense of allegiance yet.A．contribution B．loyaltyC．urgency D．pressure27、The cloud has come to present the bright future of computing,a world where processing and storage become as ubiquitous and cheap as electricity.A．pervasive B．feasibleC．continuous D．obvious28、After the boss announced that he would move the company to Los Angeles,all the employees begrudgingly accepted the plan as they were afraid of losing their jobs.A．briskly B．purposelyC．willingly D．reluctantly29、There was no one to tell Scarlett that her own personality,frighteningly vital though it was,was more attractive than any masquerade she might adopt.A．distinction B．dissentC．dissemblance D．disagreement30、He is lucky because he has a fastidious girlfriend who always keeps the closets and the house sparklingly clean.A．picky B．reliableC．tidy D．fashionable31、They try to be assiduous and earnest and see to it that they finish their work smoothly;they never give any thought to personal fame and position.A．diligent B．insistentC．patient D．efficient32、The federal district court issued a preliminary injunction,finding thatthe law likely was unconstitutional in imposing an impermissible undue burden on a woman's right to abortion.A．inadequate B．insignificantC．inappropriate D．indefensible33、Hours after my24th birthday,my life began to change with strangely related events that make me wonder today whether they did not spring from the fictional leanings of my mind.A．invented B．coinedC．aligned D．generated34、Their sketches on Victorian manners and a Polite Victorian House are ahilarious way to introduce students to the many strictures placed upon the middle and upper classes.A．images B．structuresC．constraints D．praises35、This text is tightly structured around the main theme of researchassessment,scaffolded with a clear introduction and useful concluding summaries at the end of each chapter.A．included B．comprisedC．supported D．mixed36、This bestselling novelist shares the story of how she escaped the curses of her past to make a future of her own,and at the same time she presents a refreshing meditation on the choices,charms,freedoms,and luck that affect us all.A．contemplation B．prophecyC．mirage D．attention37、In fact,more than75percent of all major corporations report that they monitor their employees'use of E-mail and Internet access either by spot-checking or constant surveillance.A．computation B．auditC．survey D．inspection38、The controversy surrounding our English instruction dealt with the desireto protect our linguistic heritage,which may resonate with what happens in other countries.A．recur B．coincideC．harmonize D．echo39、There are two sorts of obscurity that you find in writers who have nevertaken the trouble to learn to write clearly.One is due to negligence,and the other to willfulness.A．unevenness B．capriciousnessC．fogginess D．illegibility40、John Cramer,a researcher at the University of Washington,has created two different expositions of what the big bang might have sounded like based on data from two different satellites.A．renditions B．thesesC．explanations D．inventionsPart3Error CorrectionThis part consists of20sentences.In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error,and below each,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.（20pionts）41、It shall be wrong if not consider how much money you have before going abroadto study.A．would...not to consider B．will...to consider not C．shall...if not considering D．should...if not to consider 42、For the scientist,it is useful,and theoretically sound,considering the earth an object in space.A．which considers the earth B．to consider the earth asC．that considers the earth as D．the consideration of the earth43、There never so many foreign guests come to our city as today,so learning English is important.A．Foreign guests who have never B．Never so many foreign visitors haveC．The foreign guests aren't ever D．Never have so many foreign visitors44、I won't be able to see you off at the airport tomorrow,so I will wish you could travel smoothly.A．a good journey B．have a good journeyC．could have a good journey D．having a good journey45、When our coming of the Space Age,a new dimension has been added to the study of the planets in the solar system and beyond.A．By the B．To theC．Along the D．With the46、The project which will cost34million yuan designs to build more than 100homes,restaurants and retail shops around the city.A．is designed B．is designingC．will be designed D．will design47、It is against the law for car drivers to honk their horns except avoid an accident and for garbage trucks to start their rounds before6am.A．besides for avoiding B．except for avoidingC．unless to avoid D．nevertheless to avoid48、Because excessively hunting has depleted many wildlife species,preservation zones for wild animals are being established in some provinces.A．excessive hunting B．excessively being hunting C．to excessively hunting D．to have hunted excessively49、I have redone the homework.Please review it again and return it back how I can further improve it.A．feedback it to me,so I can farther improveB．return it back to me,so I can further improveC．feed me back on how I can improveD．return it back.Then I'll see how I can further improve50、The community is launching a campaign to reduce noise in the areas around apartments,many residents complain that they cannot sleep at night.A．lest many residents complain B．though many residents complain C．because many residents complain D．as many residents complain51、Marriage was one of the first non-biological factors to be identified as improving life expectancy.A．identifying B．identifiedC．being identified D．to identify52、Nathan is afraid to go swimming in the ocean.He refuses to enter the water even the sea is perfectly calm and there are no waves.A．since the sea B．even if the seaC．if the sea D．for the sea53、Though iPads and E-readers have increasingly better screen clarity,the idea that every time a person reads a book,newspaper or magazine,what they will require an energy source is frightening.A．he will require B．and he will requireC．when he will require D．that he will require54、Antique auctions have become popular in this country unless a steadily increasing awareness of the investment value of antiques.A．because of B．in spite ofC．apart from D．with regard to55、The company says the homes are far more efficient than conventional housesand use less power as much as a third.A．less power as a third B．less than a third powerC．less as a third as much power D．less than a third as much power 56、The earth's atmosphere recorded the huge decline in the population of the western hemisphere in the150years as following the arrival of Columbus from Spain in1492.A．for following B．which followingC．when following D．following57、Walk by any Starbucks within several miles of your house,the chances are that you'll see several people sitting at a table,drinking coffee and enjoying the free WiFi.A．your house where the chances are B．your house and chances are C．your house that are chances D．your house are the chances 58、Directed by Benjamin Twist,who,incidentally,is one of the names beingmentioned as a possible successor to Nowozielski,a delightfully theatrical retelling is the production of Dicken's novel.A．the production is a delightfully theatrical retellingB．a delightfully theatrical retelling of the productionC．the production of a delightfully theatrical retellingD．is the production a delightfully theatrical retelling59、All are charged with violating official secrets laws,such is an offense that carries a maximum three-year prison term and fines up to US$27,000.A．an offense B．is an offenseC．is such an offense D．an offense is such60、So the theories of the schools are different from the practice of ordinary businessthat much of which he learned in the former will have to be unlearned in the latter.A．Are the theories of the schools so differentB．Are so different the theories of the schoolsC．So different the theories of the schools areD．So different are the theories of the schoolsSection2Reading Comprehension（30pionts）In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage,each with4(A,B,C andD.choices to answer the question or complete the statement.You must choose the one which you think fits best.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.With cloud,mobility,big data and consumerization,companies are in even greater need of technology talent than they were in the late1990s,and that talent is in even shorter puter science enrollments are at an all-time low;baby-boomer workers are retiring and taking all of that legacy—systems knowledge with them;and Silicon Valley is hot again.Would that young,brilliant developer rather join the next Zynga or upgrade the payroll systems at your insurance company?Two weeks ago,I asked the IT executive readership of my weekly newsletter, The Heller Report,to answer the question:If you had a magic wand,which one talent problem would you solve?Responses poured in and addressed challenges around recruiting,developing leaders,and retaining the talent that they currently have.But more than70percent of readers would use their magic wand to do only one thing:give business skills to their technologists. Their people,they worry,are so narrowly focused on the technology that they fail to see the forest for the trees.They do not understand the business context of their technology work,nor can they have meaningful discussions with the leaders of the business areas about their technology support.This lack of business-savvy technology talent is a serious problem for every company that relies on technology to exist(which is,of course,every company).Those beautifully"blended executives,"who can talk technology in one meeting and can talk business in another,are rare birds.Yet with technology moving directly into the revenue stream of your company,you need them,and your need is only going to increase.One option is to spend all of your time and money on recruiting blended executives from the outside.You will be in heated competition with every other company in your market,and if your recruiting function is not a competitive weapon for you,you will find yourself in a losing battle.You would be much better off growing your own.Here are some ideas: Build a rotational program.Encourage your head of human resources to work with your CIO and a few of your other business leaders to build a programthat rotates IT people into different functions of the business.This kind of program is not easy,with your CIO having to survive without a trusted IT leader for a period of time,but the long-term result of a good rotational program can be tremendous.It may well be worth the investment.Involve your business leaders.If a rotational program is too much to take on right now,build a leadership development program for IT that involves your business executives.Encourage your CIO to invite the heads of your major business units to meet regularly with the senior IT team to educate them on their business area.And be sure that you,CFO,are spending enough time with e that interaction to chip away at the long-standing wall that often exists between the business and IT.Embed your IT people in the business.By now,your CIO should have restructured the IT organization so that each major business or functional area has a dedicated IT leader.These positions are called"business relationship executives,"portfolio CIOs,or customer relationship managers, and they often report both to the CIO and to a functional or P&L leader.The more time they spend in"the business,"the more they learn skills beyond IT,and the more valuable they become to you over time.You know you are on the right track when you walk into a business unit meeting,and from the dialogue taking place,you cannot easily distinguish the IT person from everyone else.61、Companies are in greater need of technology talent NOT because of______.A．the accumulation of more dataB．the need to serve consumersC．the rising demand for cloud computationD．the development of medical industry62、______is NOT a cause for the short supply of technology talent.A．Recruitment of IT companiesB．Upgrading payroll systemsC．Retirement of experienced IT technologistsD．Recruiting fewer people in computer programs63、The main idea of Paragraph2is that______.A．profound discussion is requiredB．IT employees should be business-savvyC．technology support is expectedD．there are challenges in recruiting developers64、The target readers of the weekly newsletter in Paragraph2are______.A．IT managerial staff members B．chief developersC．skilled technicians D．recruitment administrators 65、The word"forest"underlined in Paragraph2is a metaphor that refers to______.A．engineering circles B．IT businessesC．industrial leaders D．technological projects 66、The phrase"recruiting function"underlined in Paragraph4refers to ______.A．recruitment of a particular firmB．the functionality of recruitmentC．competitive recruitment strategyD．employment of IT workers for a certain employer67、If a company doesn't have enough time and money to hire executives it needs,it should______.A．achieve long-term results B．devise a training program C．participate in heated competition D．call on all business leaders 68、A rotational program DOESN'T involve______.A．blended IT executives B．CIOC．CEO D．all business leaders69、Following Paragraph5,the passage is intended for______.A．CFO B．CIOC．P&L D．IT professionals70、The phrase"the business"underlined in Paragraph7means______.A．how to recruit IT staff membersB．how to manage and marketC．how to develop new productsD．how to contact other employeesIf there is any endeavor whose fruits should be freely available,that endeavor is surely publicly financed science.Morally,taxpayers who wish to should be able to read about it without further expense.And science advances through cross-fertilization between projects.Barriers to that exchange slow it down.There is a widespread feeling that the journal publishers who have mediated this exchange for the past century or more are becoming an impediment to it. One of the latest converts is the British government.Recently it announced that,the results of taxpayer-financed research would be available,free and online,for anyone to read and redistribute.Britain's government is not alone.Soon the European Union followed suit. In the U.S.,the National Institutes of Health(NIH,the single biggest source of civilian research funds in the world)has required open-access publishing since2008.And the Wellcome Trust,a British foundation that is the world's second-biggest charitable source of scientific money,after the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,also insists that those who receive its support should make their work available free.Criticism of journal publishers usually boils down to two things.One is that their processes take months,when the Internet could enable them to take days.The other is that because each paper is like a mini-monopoly,which workers in the field have to read if they are to advance their own research, there is no incentive to keep the price down.The publishers thus have scientists—or,more accurately,their universities,which pay the subscriptions—in an armlock.That,combined with the fact that the raw material (manuscripts of papers)is free,leads to generous returns.In2011,Elsevier, a large Dutch publisher,made a profit of￡768million on revenues of￡2.06 billion—a margin of37percent.Indeed,Elsevier's profits are thought so egregious by many people that12,000researchers have signed up to boycott the company's journals.Publishers do provide a service.They organize peer reviews,in which papers are criticized anonymously by experts(though those experts,like the authors of papers,are seldom paid for what they do).They also sort the scientific sheep from the goats,by deciding what gets published,and where. That gives the publishers huge power.Since researchers,administrators and grant-awarding bodies all take note of which work has got through this filtering mechanism,the competition to publish in the best journals is intense, and the system becomes self-reinforcing,increasing the value of those journals still further.But not,perhaps,for much longer.Support has been swelling for open-access scientific publishing:doing it online,in a way that allows anyone to read papers free of charge.The movement started among scientists themselves, but governments are paying attention and asking whether they might also benefitfrom the change.Much remains to be worked out.Some fear the loss of the traditional journals'curation and verification of research.Even Sir Mark Walport,the director of the Wellcome Trust and a fierce advocate of open-access publication, worries that the newly liberated papers have ended up in different places rather than being consolidated in the way they want.A revolution,then,has begun.Technology permits it;researchers and politicians want it.If scientific publishers are not trembling in their boots, they should be.71、The first two paragraphs intend to indicate that______.A．taxpayers should make great efforts to exchange ideasB．publishers are regarded as a negative factor in scienceC．the government is liable to pay for research expensesD．the results of research projects are freely available to the public 72、According to Paragraph3,the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation______.A．is a very important provider of research fundingB．argues that researchers make their findings public freelyC．has a monopoly on any research results with its financial support D．follows the example set by the U.S.NIH73、According to the passage,people who are unhappy with publishers of scientific journals______.A．criticize the unfair publication of scientific articlesB．object to their slowness and the high costs of the journalsC．blame them for the slow pace of recent scientific progressD．think that journals should be abolished as an obstacle to freedom of speech74、The word"egregious"underlined in Paragraph4means______.A．somewhat unfavorable B．rather unnecessaryC．strikingly unavailable D．clearly bad75、According to Paragraph4,which of the following is true?______A．Mini-monopoly seems to advance scientific research.B．Subscription is a major source of margins for the journals.C．Publishers make great profits by keeping the price down.D．Researchers subscribe to journals to receive free manuscripts. 76、In the phrase"sort the scientific sheep from the goats"underlined in Paragraph5,the author uses a metaphorical device termed______.A．allusion B．punC．metaphor D．irony77、Before the publication of papers,peer reviews are to______.A．differentiate papers B．evaluate themC．exercise the power of publishers D．add the value of journals 78、The author mentions the concerns of Sir Mark Walport,who______.A．strongly supports current publishing arrangements and modelsB．worries about the poor quality of current scientific publication C．believes that the weaknesses of open-access journals can easily be overcomeD．is afraid that good papers in open-access journals may be neglected 79、What does the author think of the future of open-access journals?______A．Doubtful.B．Unclear.C．Foreseeable.D．Pessimistic.80、The passage intends to______.A．argue that academic journals face a radical shake-upB．illustrate that the publishing formalities need not to changeC．report that the publication of papers faces intense competition D．discuss that scientific research is shifting to free access Declining house prices,rising job layoffs,skyrocketing oil costs and amajor credit crunch have brought consumer confidence to its lowest point in five years.With a relatively long recession looking increasingly likely, many American families may be planning to tighten their belts.Interestingly,restraining our consumer spending,in the short term,may cause us to actually loosen the belts around our waists.What's the connection? The brain has a limited capacity for self-regulation,so exerting willpower in one area often leads to backsliding in others.The good news,however, is that practice increases willpower capacity,so that in the long run,buying less now may improve our ability to achieve future goals—like losing those 10pounds we gained when we weren't out shopping.The brain's store of willpower is depleted when people control their thoughts,feelings or impulses,or when they modify their behaviors in pursuit of goals.Psychologist Roy Baumeister and others have found that people who successfully accomplish one task requiring self-control are less persistent on a second,seemingly unrelated task.In one pioneering study,some people were asked to eat radishes while others received freshly baked chocolate chip cookies before trying to solve an impossible puzzle.The radish-eaters abandoned the puzzle in eight minutes on average,working less than half as long as people who got cookies or those who were excused from eating radishes.Similarly,people who were asked to circle every"e"on a page of text then showed less persistence in watching a video of an unchanging table and wall.Other activities that deplete willpower include resisting food or drink, suppressing emotional responses,restraining aggressive or sexual impulses, taking exams and trying to impress someone.Task persistence is also reduced when people are stressed or tired from exertion or lack of sleep.What limits willpower?Some have suggested that it is blood sugar,which brain cells use as their main energy source and cannot do without for even a few minutes.Most cognitive functions are unaffected by minor blood sugar fluctuations over the course of a day,but planning and self-control are sensitive to such small changes.Exerting self-control lowers blood sugar, which reduces the capacity for further self-control.People who drink a glass of lemonade between completing one task requiring self-control and beginning a second one perform equally well on both tasks,while people who drink sugarless diet lemonade make more errors on the second task than on the first. Foods that persistently elevate blood sugar,like those containing protein or complex carbohydrates,might enhance willpower for longer periods.In the short term,you should spend your limited willpower budget wisely. It can be counterproductive to work toward multiple goals at the same time if your willpower cannot cover all the efforts that are required.Concentrating your effort on one or,at most,a few goals at a time increases the odds of success.Focusing on success is important because willpower can grow in the long term.Like a muscle,willpower seems to become stronger with use.The idea of exercising willpower is seen in military boot camp,where recruits are trained to overcome one challenge after another.No one knows why willpower can grow with practice,but consistently doing any activity that requires self-control seems to increase willpower—and the ability to resist impulses and delay gratification is highly associated with。
2005-2016年CATTI英语二级《笔译实务》真题全集
2005年11月英语二级《笔译实务》试题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）Hans Christian Andersen was Denmark's most famous native son. Yet even after his fairy tales won him fame and fortune, he feared he would be forgotten. He need not have worried. This weekend, Denmark began eight months of celebrations to coincide with the bicentenary of his birth, and Denmark is eager that the world take note as it sets out to define the pigeon-holed writer in its own way.The festivities began in Copenhagen on Saturday, Andersen's actual birthday, with a lively show of music, dance, lights and comedy inspired by his fairy tales before a crowd of 40,000people -- including Queen Margre the II and her family -- at the Parken National Stadium. The opening, called Once Upon a Time, will be followed by a slew of concerts, musicals, ballets, exhibitions, parades and education programs costing over US$40 million.So more than in recent memory, Danes -- and, they hope, foreigners -- will be reliving the humor, pain and lessons to be found in evergreen stories like The Little Mermaid, The Emperor's New Clothes, The Ugly Duckling, The Little Match-Seller, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Shadow, The Princess and the Pea and others of Andersen's 150 or so fairy tales.In organizing this extravaganza, of course, Denmark is also celebrating itself. After all, Andersen is still this country's most famous native son. Trumpeting his name and achievements not only draws attention to Denmark's contribution to world culture, but could also woo more foreign tourists to visit his birthplace in the town of Odense and to be photographed beside the famous bronze statue of the Little Mermaid in Copenhagen's harbor.And Denmark has even more in mind. Local guardians of the Andersen legacy evidently feel his stories have lost ground in recent years to the likes of J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings and J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter. Andersen's fairy tales may remain central to the Danish identity, serving as homespun guides to the vagaries of human behavior, but what about the rest of the world? "What we really need is a rebirth of Andersen," noted Lars Seeberg, secretary general of the Hans Christian Andersen 2005 Foundation. "Two centuries after his birth, he still fails to be universally acknowledged as the world-class author he no doubt was.Part B Optional Translation（二选一题）Topic 1（选题一）Independent Information and Analysis from the USAThe Gap between Rich and Poor Widened in U.S. Capital Washington D.C. ranks first among the40 cities with the widest gap between the poor and the rich, according to a recent report released by the D.C. Fiscal Policy Institute on July 22nd. The top 20 percent of household in D.C. have an average yearly income of $186,830, 31 times that of the bottom 20 percent, which earns only $6,126 per year. The income gap is also big in Atlanta and Miami, but the difference is not as pronounced.The report also indicates that the widening gap occurred mainly during the 1990s. Over the last decade, the average income of the top 20 percent of households has grown 36 percent, while the average income of the bottom 20 percent has only risen 3 percent."I believe the concentration of the middle- to high-income families in the D.C. area will continue, therefore, the income gap between rich and poor will be hard to bridge," David Garrison told the Washington Observer. Garrison is a senior researcher with the Brookings Institution, specializing in the study of the social and economic policies in the greater Washington D.C. area.The report attributed the persistent income gap in Washington to the area's special job opportunities, which attract high-income households. Especially since the federal government is based in Washington D.C., Government agencies and other government related businesses such as lobbying firms and government contractors constantly offer high-paying jobs, which contribute to the trend of increasing high-income households in the D.C. area. For example, a single young professional working in a law firm in D.C. can earn as much as $100,000 in his or her first year out of law school."In addition, high-quality housing available in Washington D.C. is one of the main reason swhy high-income families choose to live here, while middle and low-income families, if they can afford it, choose to move out of Washington D.C. to the Virginia and Maryland suburbs so that their kids can go to better schools," stated Garrison."As rich families continue to move into D.C. and middle and low-income families are moving out, the poorest families are left with nowhere to move, or cannot afford to move. This creates the situation we face now: a huge income gap between the rich and poor."The Washington D.C. area to which Garrison refers is the District of Columbia city itself, not including the greater Washington metro area. "The greater Washington metro area has a large population of about 5 million, but the low-income households are often concentrated in D.C. proper," Garrison explained. Tony Blalock, the spokesperson for Mayor Anthony Williams, said resignedly, "No matter what we seem to do to bring investment into the District, a certain population is not able to access the unique employment opportunities there. The gap between the rich and poor is the product of complex forces, and won't be fixed overnight."Garrison believes that the D.C. government should attract high-income families. By doing so, the District's tax base can grow, which in turn can help improve D.C.'s infrastructure. "But in the meantime, the District government should also take into consideration the rights of the poor, set up good schools for them, and provide sound social welfare. All these measures can alleviate the dire situation caused by income disparity. "Garrison, however, is not optimistic about the possibility of closing the gap between the rich and poor. He is particularly doubtful that current economic progress will be able to help out the poor. "Bush's tax-cut plan did bring about this wave of economic recovery, and the working professionals and rich did benefit from it. It is unfair to say that the plan did not help the poor at all… it just didn't benefit them as much as it did the rich, " Garrison said. "The working class in America, those who do the simplest work, get paid the least, and dutifully pay their taxes, has not benefited from Bush's tax-cut plan much." Garrison concludes, "A lot of cities in America did not enjoy the positive impact of the economic recovery. Washington D.C., on the other hand, has always been sheltered by the federal government. The wide gap between rich and poor in the District, therefore, deserves more in-depth study and exploration."Topic 2（选题二）Sometimes you can know too much. The aim of screening healthy people for cancer is to discover tum ours when they are small and treatable. It sounds laudable and often it is. But it sometimes leads to unnecessary treatment. The body has a battery of mechanisms for stopping small tum ours from becoming large ones. Treating those that would have been suppressed anyway does no good and can often be harmful.Take lung cancer. A report in this week's Journal of the American Medical Association, by Peter Bach of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre in New York and his colleagues, suggests that, despite much fanfare around theuse of computed tomography (CT) to detect tum ours in the lungs well before they cause symptoms, the test may not reduce the risk of dying from the disease at all—indeed, it may make things worse.The story begins last year, when Claudia Henschke of Cornell University and her colleagues made headlines with a report that patients whose lung cancer had been diagnosed early by CT screening had excellent long-term survival prospects. Her research suggested that 88% of patients could expect to be alive ten years after their diagnosis. Dr Bach found similar results ina separate study. In his case, 94% of patients diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer were alive four years later.Survival data alone, though, fail to answer a basic question: “compared with what?” People are bound to live longer after their diagnosis if that diagnosis is made earlier. Early diagnosis is of little value unless it results in a better prognosis.Dr Bach, therefore, interrogated his data more thoroughly. He used statistical models based on results from studies of lung cancer that did not involve CT screening, to try to predict what would have happened to the individuals in his own study if they had not been part of that study. The results were not encouraging.Screening did, indeed, detect more tum ours. Over the course of five years, 144 cases of lung cancer were picked up in a population of 3,200, compared with a predicted number of 44.Despite these early diagnoses, though, there was no reduction in the number of people who went on to develop advanced cancer, nor a significant drop in the number who died of the disease (38, compared with a prediction of 39). Considering that early diagnosis prompted at enfold increase in surgery aimed at removing the cancer (the predicted number of surgical interventions was 11; the actual number was 109), and that such surgery is unsafe—5% of patients die and another 20-40% suffer serious complications—the whole process seems to make things worse.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation（汉译英）Part A25年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。
2016年下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2016年下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Section Ⅰ English-Chinese TranslationEveryone knows that weddings—the most elaborate and costly form of old school pageantry still acceptable in modern society—are stupid expensive. But it turns out Americans are now blowing even more money than ever before on what's supposed to be the most magical day of any couple's life together. Money that, to be honest, could be spent on much, much cooler stuff.The Knot released its annual wedding survey this week, with findings showing that couples are spending a mind-numbing average of $32,641 on matrimonial celebrations. The study includes data from nearly18,000 pairs across the country. While the cost of a wedding varied greatly from city to city—reaching a nauseating high of $82,300 in Manhattan—the price was steep no matter where couples chose to get hitched. All this despite the fact that weddings (and marriages in general, honestly) can be a fairly impractical thing to invest in. Seriously, even 50 Cent doesn't spend as much in a day as you're spending on a reception band alone. Think about that.So rather than buying into the Marriage Industrial Complex on a union that may or may not work out, wouldn't it make more sense to save your hard-earned money by forgoing the big ceremony for the major expenses you're likely to face in married life? You know, like a mortgage. Or braces for your wallet-draining children-to-be. And if your fianceé is dead set on a fairytale wedding? You could alwaysjust blow your financial load on a plenty fulfilling single life.With nearly $33,000 to spend in the life of a singledom, you could get pretty far when it comes to amenities and entertainment. Perhaps the best part of being free from the shackles of wedding planning is the opportunity to treat yourself. Like, why drop $1,400 on a frilly dress you'll wear once before it turns to moth food when you can rock the most expensive shoes of the season and look great doing it?And while weddings are supposed to be all about the happy couple, everyone knows that's bull, because you have to feed your guests and provide them entertainment and put a roof over their heads for a couple of hours and likely go into debt doing it.In addition to simply having fun, there are some more practical ways to spend your wedding purse as well. For instance, purchasing andproviding for a nice house cat rather than dropping major dough on finger bling intended for fending off hotties for the rest of your life. Fluffy won't care if you bring home someone new every weekend—he'll just hate everyone indiscriminately.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值: 25答案:人人皆知，婚礼，这个现代社会仍然接受的一种最复杂、最昂贵的老式盛典，贵得离谱。
2016年上半年全国翻译专业资格水平考试英语2级口译综合能力真题_真题无答案-交互
2016年上半年全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语2级口译综合能力真题(总分100, 做题时间60分钟)Part ⅠListen to the following short passages and then decide whether the corresponding statements are true or false. Blacken the letter “A ” on the ANSWER SHEET if you think the statement is true， or theletter “B ” if you think it is false. You will hear each passage only once. There are 10 questions in this part of the test, 2 points for each question.1.As the World Bank projected, China's economic growth rate for the next year will be 7.5 percent, lower than that forecast this year.SSS_JUDGEMENT正确错误2.Ten thousand diamonds from a royal friend are on display at the Buckingham Palace.SSS_JUDGEMENT正确错误3.The U.S. is sending 300 soldiers to Iraq to enlarge U.S. military forces fighting against Iraqi insurgents.SSS_JUDGEMENT正确错误4.In an effort to alleviate study pressure, the Ministry of Education will allow third-year high school students to choose whether to sit the English test.SSS_JUDGEMENT正确错误5.The UN Security Council unanimously approved a resolution to have humanitarian aid access in Syria, including its rebel-held areas.SSS_JUDGEMENT正确错误6.A vice-president of the Bank of China has resigned from the bank after being found guilty in a corruption investigation.SSS_JUDGEMENT正确错误7.Beijing's Strawberry Music Festival was held during the May Day holiday, and it attracted many classical music talents.SSS_JUDGEMENT正确错误8.Adobe has announced its support for 3D printing with its Photoshop products to reduce errors in the process.SSS_JUDGEMENT正确错误9.A team at the London School of Medicine analyzed data and found that air pollution was a reason for cardiovascular problems，particularly for women who are over 75 years old.SSS_JUDGEMENT正确错误10.Rory Mcllroy has decided to represent Britain at the 2016 Olympics.SSS_JUDGEMENT正确错误Part ⅡListen to the following short passages and then choose one of the answers that best fits the meaning of each passage by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Each passage will be read only once. There are 10 passages in this part of the test, each with 1 question， which carries 2 points.11.Which of the following statements is true of the Yutu lunar rover?SSS_SINGLE_SELAIt has stayed on the moon for almost five months.BIn January it conducted a scientific experiment through mechanical control.CSome of **ponents are not functioning.DIts solar panel designed for thermal insulation is s till functioning.12.What do you know about Bowe Bergdahl?SSS_SINGLE_SELAHe is one of the five Afghan detainees in a U.S. prison.BHe was a U.S. sergeant serving at Guantanamo Bay.CHe was captured by the U.S. in June 2009.DHe will be moved to a U.S. base in Afghanistan.13.Which of the statements is true of the Switzerland-EU relationship?SSS_SINGLE_SELASwitzerland is the 28th nation to join the European Union.BThe European Union is the most important economic partner of Switzerland.CSwiss people have free access to the EU labor market.DA Swiss referendum saw a small-margin approval of immigration restrictions.14.What is the percentage of Ecuador’s banana sector in the country’s agricultural GDP?SSS_SINGLE_SELA38 percentB25 percent.C61 percent.D13 percent.15.What do you know about Aliko Dangote 一 the richest man in Africa?SSS_SINGLE_SELAHe has US$7.9 billion more than his **petitor.BHe speaks softly and does not work exhaustedly.CHe enjoys luxury possessions — a sign of his wealth.DHe made his fortune by gambling in Nigeria.16.Which technology is NOT mentioned about Googled self-driving car technologies?SSS_SINGLE_SELACamera.BSatellite.CSensor.DData analysis.17.Which of the following factors is attributed to lack of deep sleep?SSS_SINGLE_SELAMore new connections between neurons.BMemory formation.C“ Replaying” daytime activities.DGaining too much weight.18.What do you know about the price cut of the 4G mobile network service offered by China Mobile?SSS_SINGLE_SELAThe data price will be halved.BThe 4G mobile device price will drop by half.CThe download speed for the 4G package will be six times faster.DThe 4G package can be shared with friends who use China Unicom.19.When did the U.S. government require seat belts and airbags to be compulsory car accessories respectively?SSS_SINGLE_SELA1968 and 1991.B1984 and 1991.C1984 and 1998.D1968 and 1998.20.Which of the following statements is true of the box office performance for the movie Frozen?SSS_SINGLE_SELAIt earned US$1.22 billion more than Iron Man.BIt left behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.CIt earned the highest box office returns of all animation films.DIt topped the box office in the U.S. for 11 consecutive weekends. Part ⅢListen to the following four longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the correspondingletter on the ANSWER SHEET. You may need to scribble a few notes to answer the questions. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, each carrying 2 points. You will hear each passage only once. At the end of the recording of each passage, you will have 2 minutes to answer the questions.Passage OneSSS_SINGLE_SELWhat is said about Hershey Corporation?AIt is being sued for trademark infringement.BIt produces pot-infused candies.CIt makes ordinary chocolate candies.DIt has stopped selling TinctureBelle products.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following products DOESN'T belong to TinctureBelle?ACookies.BCandy.CBody lotions.DDiabetic medicine.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhat did the Colorado lawmakers require to stop using unmonitored marijuana?AStopping selling regular candies.BLowering the THC concentration in marijuana snacks.CPutting warning labels on toxicants.DAll of the above.SSS_SINGLE_SELWho took medicine containing marijuana?AA college student.BA woman.CThe woman’s husband.DSix children.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following symptoms is true of edible marijuana overdosing?AIllusion.BBlindness.CDiabetics.DHomesickness.Passage TwoSSS_SINGLE_SELA231 percent.B44 percent.C75 percent.D** percent.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhat was Alibaba’s revenue in the fiscal year ending in March 2013?AUS$5.6 billion.BUS$1.3 billion.CUS$6.5 billion.DUS$2.8 billion.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the enterprises received more than 6 billion Renminbi yuan of investment from Alibaba or its co-founded organization?AYunfeng Capital.BGuangzhou Evergrande Football Club.CHundsun Technologies.DWasu Media.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhat firms DON'T Alibaba acquire?AFirms which are linked to its business.BFirms which show great growth potential.CFirms which help build its platform.DFirms which help its IPO.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following items is NOT attractive for Alibaba's IPO in the Wall Street?AE-commerce.BCulture.CEntertainment.DNone of the above.Passage ThreeSSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following countries would have won the bid but for Qatar?AThe U.S.BAustralia.CJapan.DSouth Korea.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhy was Qatar a questionable choice from the beginning?ABecause it is a conservative country.BBecause its weather conditions are not good.CBecause it is too tiny to provide a suitable ground.DAll of the above.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhat was said about Mohamed Bin Hammam?AHe once served as FIFA president.BHe got an annual salary of around US$5 million.CHe tried to offer bribes to Caribbean Football Association officials.DHe was expelled from his country after being found guilty.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhy did Sony make the statement calling for a proper investigation?ABecause Japan is a candidate for bidding the 2022 World Cup.BBecause the Qatar Organizing Committee refused to conduct investigations.CBecause Sony wants to be unusual and bold.DBecause this may affect Sony’s reputation.SSS_SINGLE_SELHow much did FIFA earn from sponsorship last year?AUS$1.4 billion.BUS$600 million.CUS$400 million.DUS$180 million.Passage FourSSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following descriptions is NOT true of cloning?ACloning is a means of creating living organisms.BCloning is a means of sexual reproduction.CCloning is a means of offspring development.DCloning is a means of producing genetically identical people.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhy is cloning scary to many people?ABecause cloning is an unnatural process.BBecause cloning is **plex.CBecause the clone may develop similar capabilities to its master clone.DBecause the clone may be a superman.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following statements is true of Dolly?ADolly was the 277th embryo implantation.BDolly was found with arthritis at birth.CDolly was killed seven years after its birth.DAll of the above.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhat is the special function of the "Totipotent" stem cell?AIt can develop into mature animal cells.BIt cannot be grown to produce human organs.CIt can produce organs faster than other stem cells.DIt can develop into any organ.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following illnesses has been treated with regenerative medicine?ABrain injury.BType-2 diabetes.CStroke.DHearing loss.Part ⅣListen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of 150-200 words of what you have heard on the ANSWER SHEET. You will hear the passage only once and then you will have 25 minutes tofinish your summary. This part of the test carries 20 points. You may need to scribble a few notes to write your summary.41.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI1。
2016年5月catti三级笔译真题
【译之灵翻译培训】2016年5月catti三级笔译真题英译汉部分Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall.First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert. While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology. “In Senega l we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said. Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer.There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the Université Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,” Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees c reates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.” “The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,” he added. Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch said.The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achievedits independence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.原文：Holding Back the SaharaSenegal Helps Plant a Great Green Wall to Fend Off the DesertBy DIANA S. POWERSNOV. 18, 2014Continue reading the main story Share This PageWomen working in a drip-irrigated garden in Widou Thiengoly, Senegal. Credit UMI 3189 WIDOU THIENGOL Y, Senegal — Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky.Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of th e Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall.First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert.While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.PhotoA tree nursery for the Great Green Wall in Widou Thiengoly, Senegal. Credit Arnaud Spani“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an intervie w here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology.“In Senegal we hope to experiment with different way s of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said.Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.Newly planted trees are protected from hungry animals by fencing for six years — time for their roots to reach down to groundwater and their branches to grow higher than the animals canreach. Unplanted strips protect the parcels from forest fire and provide passageway s for herders’ livestock.In especially harsh years, when there is nothing left for herds to eat and too many animals starve, the protected parcels are opened up as an emergency forage bank, a flexibility that has won local acceptance of the project.Six indigenous tree species were chosen by local people and the scientists for their hardiness and their economic uses. Among them, Acacia Senegal can be tapped for its gum arabic, a stabilizer and emulsifying agent, widely used in soft drinks, confectionery, paints and other products. The desert date, Balanites Aegyptiacus, is used for food, forage, cooking oil, folk medicine and in cosmetics. Many of the uses of these plants are still being explored by researchers.After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall.So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer.There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the Université Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,” Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extrem es.”“The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,” he added.Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch said.The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.Widou has one of the pumping stations, serving nomads and herders who bring as many 25,000 animals a day — cattle, goats, donkeys and horses — from more than 10 miles around to drink at the basin. A drip-irrigated garden covering 7.5 hectares, or nearly 20 acres, is supplied with seeds by Colonel Sarr’s agency. About 250 women spend a half a day each tending the garden and learning about horticulture. They grow onions, carrots, potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, lettuce, tamarind, guava, watermelon and many other fruits and vegetables, taking the produce home to enrich their families’ traditional diet of milk and millet.Colonel Sarr said he was looking forward to trying one of the first mangos from young trees in the garden.“In another garden, 30 kilometers away, the first honey will be gathered next year,” he said. “This is just the beginning,” he added. “The gardens could cover 50 hectares in the future.汉译英部分（摘自《中国的医疗卫生事业白皮书》）健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求。
年5月二级笔译考试真题与答案
2016年5月英语二级笔译真题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Passage 1Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first 精品文档，超值下载trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed.It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.”Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey —Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days —and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work.He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live am ong Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania).In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over thewarm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe.Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools —extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass —drastically and forev er altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools.After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist.Passage 2Scientists have found the first evidence that briny water flowed on the surface of Mars as recently as last summer, a paper published on Monday showed, raising the possibility that the planet could support life.Although the source and the chemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will change scientists’ thinking about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present day microbial life.The discovery was made when scientists developed a new technique to analyze chemical maps of the surface of Mars obtained by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft.They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planet’s equatorial region.The slopes appear during the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when the temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks were cut by flowing water, but previously had been unable to make the measurements.Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter makes its measurements during the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated minerals, would have evaporated.Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet wide.But Ojha and colleagues created a computer program that could scrutinize individual pixels. That data was then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100 percent match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Passage 1人口问题归根结底是发展问题。
5月CATTI二级笔译练习题(英译汉部分)
5月CATTI二级笔译练习题(英译汉部分)英译汉部分Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky. Now, miles ofreddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall.First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide,7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert. While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s tec hnical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology. “In Senegal we hop e to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said. Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August,1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, browntwigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer.There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the Université Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,” Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.” “The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,” he add ed. Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch said.The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.原文：Holding Back the SaharaSenegal Helps Plant a Great Green Wall to Fend Off the DesertBy DIANA S. POWERSNOV. 18, 2014Continue reading the main story Share This PageWomen working in a drip-irrigated garden in Widou Thiengoly, Senegal. Credit UMI 3189WIDOU THIENGOLY, Senegal — Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky.Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of theSaha ra’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too gr eat,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall.First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert.While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead, with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.PhotoA tree nursery for the Great Green Wall in Widou Thiengoly, Senegal. Credit Arnaud Spani“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology.“In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of d oing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said.Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.Newly planted trees are protected from hungry animals by fencing for six years — time for their roots to reach down to groundwater and their branches to grow higher than the animals can reach. Unplantedstrips protect the parcels from forest fire and provide passageways for herders’ livestock.In especially harsh years, when there is nothing left for herds to eat and too many animals starve, the protected parcels are opened up as an emergency forage bank, a flexibility that has won local acceptance of the project.Six indigenous tree species were chosen by local people and the scientists for their hardiness and their economic uses. Among them, Acacia Senegal can be tapped for its gum arabic, a stabilizer and emulsifying agent, widely used in soft drinks, confectionery, paints and other products. The desert date, Balanites Aegyptiacus, is used for food, forage, cooking oil, folk medicine and in cosmetics. Many of the uses of these plants are still being explored by researchers.After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, browntwigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall.So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer.There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the Université Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,” Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,” he added.Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory b irds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch said.The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.Widou has one of the pumping stations, serving nomads and herders who bring as many 25,000 animals a day — cattle, goats, donkeys and horses — from more than 10 miles around to drink at the basin. A drip-irrigated garden covering 7.5 hectares, or nearly 20 acres, is supplied with seeds by Colonel Sarr’s agency. About 250 women spend a half a day each tending the garden and learning about horticulture. They grow onions, carrots, potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, lettuce, tamarind, guava, watermelon and many other fruits and vegetables, taking the produce home to enrich their families’ traditional diet of milk and millet.Colonel Sarr said he was looking forward to trying one of the first mangos from young trees in the garden.“In another garden, 30 kilometers away, the first honey will be gathered next year,” he said. “This is just the beginning,” he added. “The gardens could cover 50 hectares in the future.汉译英部分(摘自《中国的医疗卫生事业白皮书》)健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求。
2015年11月-2006年5月CATTI二笔真题(汉译英部分)
2015年11月-2006年5月CATTI二笔真题（汉译英部分）目录2015年11月 (3)Passage 1 (3)Passage 2 (3)2015年5月 (4)Passage 1 (4)Passage 2 (5)2014年11月 (6)Passage 1 (6)Passage 2 (7)2014年5月 (8)Passage 1 (8)Passage 2 (9)2013年11月 (10)Passage 1 (10)Passage 2 (10)2013年5月 (11)Passage 1 (11)Passage 2 (12)2012年11月 (13)Part A必译题 (13)Part B 选译题 (14)【试题一】 (14)2012年5月 (14)Passage 1 (14)Passage 2 (15)2011年11月 (16)Passage 1 (16)Passage 2 (17)2011年5月 (17)Part A必译题 (18)Part B选译题 (18)【试题二】 (18)2010年11月 (19)Passage 1 (19)Passage 2 (20)2010年5月 (20)Passage 1 (20)Passage 2 (22)2009年11月 (23)Part A必译题 (23)Part B选译题 (23)【试题一】 (23)2009年5月 (25)Part A必译题 (25)Part B选译题 (25)【试题一】 (25)2008年11月 (26)2008年5月 (27)Part A必译题 (27)Part B选译题 (28)【试题一】 (28)2007年11月 (28)Part A必译题 (28)Part B选译题 (29)【试题二】 (29)2007年5月 (30)Part A必译题 (30)Part B选译题 (31)【试题一】 (31)2006年11月 (32)Part A 必译题 (32)Part B 选译题 (32)【试题一】 (32)【试题二】 (33)2006年5月 (34)Part A 必译题 (34)Part B 选译题 (35)【试题一】 (35)【试题二】 (36)2015年11月Passage 1Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.In a class at the company's internal university, the instructor likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso's The Dull to the way Apple builds its smartphones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.Steven P. Jobs established the Apple University as a way to inculcate employees into Apple's business culture and educate them about its history, particularly as the company grew and the technical business changed. Courses are not required, only recommended, but getting new employees to enroll is rarely a problem.Randy Nelson, who came from the animation studio Pixar, co-founded by Mr. Jobs, is one of the teachers of "Communicating at Apple." This course, open to various levels of employees, focuses on clear communication, not just for making products intuitive, but also for sharing ideas with peers and marketing products.In a version of the class taught last year, Mr. Nelson showed a slide of The Bull, a series of 11 lithographs of a bull that Picasso created over about a month, starting in late 1945. In the early stages, the bull has a snout, shoulder shanks and hooves, but over the iterations, those details vanish. The last image is a curvy stick figure that is still unmistakably a bull."You go through more iterations until you can simply deliver your message in a very concise way, and that is true to the Apple brand and everything we do," recalled one person who took the course.In "What Makes Apple, Apple," another course that Mr. Nelson occasionally teaches, he showed a slide of the remote control for the Google TV, said an employee who took the class last year. The remote control has 78 buttons. Then, the employee said, Mr. Nelson displayed a photo of the Apple TV remote control, a thin piece of metal with just three buttons.How did Apple's designers decide on three buttons? They started out with an idea. Mr. Nelson explained, and debated until they had just what was needed — a button to play and pause a video, a button to select something to watch, and another to go to the main menu.The Google TV remote control serves as a counterexample. It had so many buttons, Mr. Nelson said, because the individual engineers and designers who worked on the project all got what they wanted.Passage 2Equipped with the camera extender known as a selfie stick, occasionally referred to as "the wand of narcissism," tourists can now reach for flattering selfies wherever they go.Art museums have watched this development nervously, fearing damage to their collections or to visitors, as users swing their slicks with abandon. Now they are taking action. One by one, museums across the United States have been imposing bans on using selfie sticks for photographs inside galleries (adding them to existing rules on umbrellas, backpacks and tripods), yet another example of how controlling crowding has become part of the museum mission.The Mirshhom Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington prohibited the sticks this month, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston plans to impose a ban. In New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has been studying the matter for some time, has just decided that it will forbid selfie slicks, too. New signs will be posted soon."from now on ,you will be asked quietly to put it away," said Sree Sreenivasan, the chief digital officer at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. "It's one thing to take a picture at arm's length, but when it is three times arm's length, you are invading someone else's personal space."The personal space of other visitors is just one problem. The artwork is another. "We do not want to have to put all the art under glass," said Deborah Ziska, the chief of public information at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, which has been quietly enforcing a ban on selfie sticks, but is in the process of adding it formally to its printed guidelines for visitors.Last but not least is the threat to the camera operator, intent on capturing the perfect shot and oblivious to the surroundings. "If people are not paying attention in the Temple of Dendur, they can end up in the water with the crocodile sculpture," Mr. Sreenivasan said. "We have so many balconies you could fall from, and stairs you can trip on."At the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Thursday, Jasmine Adaos, a selfie-stick user from Chile, expressed dismay. "It's just another product," she said. "When you have a regular camera, it's the s ame thing. I don't see the problem if you‘re careful.‖ But Hai Lin student from Shandong, China, conceded that the museum might have a point. "You can hit people when they're passing by," she said.2015年5月Passage 1（关于毛利人的介绍，原文选自：/maori.html）Early Maori adapted the tropically based east Polynesian culture in line with the challenges associated with a larger and more diverse environment, eventually developing their own distinctive culture. The British and Irish immigrants brought aspects of their own culture to New Zealand and also influenced Maori culture. More recently American, Australian, Asian and other European cultures have exerted influence on New Zealand.New Zealand music has been influenced by blues, jazz, country, rock and roll and hip hop, with many ofthese genres given a unique New Zealand interpretation. Maori developed traditional chants and songs from their ancient South-East Asian origins, and after centuries of isolation created a unique "monotonous" and "doleful" sound.The number of New Zealand films significantly increased during the 1970s. In 1978 the New Zealand Film Commission started assisting local film-makers and many films attained a world audience, some receiving international acknowledgement.New Zealand television primarily broadcasts American and British programming, along with a large number of Australian and local shows. The country's diverse scenery and compact size, plus government incentives, have encouraged some producers to film big budget movies in New Zealand.The Ministry for Culture and Heritage is government‘s leading adviser on cultural matters. The Ministry funds, monitors and supports a range of cultural agencies and delivers a range of high-quality cultural products and services.The Ministry provides advice to government on where to focus its interventions in the cultural sector. It seeks to ensure that V ote funding is invested as effectively and efficiently as possible, and that government priorities are met.The Ministry has a strong track record of delivering high-quality publications, managing significant heritage and commemorations, and acting as guardian of New Zealand‘s culture. The Ministry‘s work prioritizes cultural outcomes and also supports educational, economic and social outcomes, linking with the work of a range of other government agencies.Passage 2Awakening the ‗Dutch Gene‘ of Water SurvivalBy CHRISTOPHER F. SCHUETZEJUNE 29, 2014Along a rugged, wide North Sea beach here on a recent day, children formed teams of eight to 10, taking their places beside mounds of sand carefully cordoned by candy-cane striped tape. They had one hour for their sand castle competition. Some built fishlike structures, complete with scales. Others spent their time on elaborate ditch and dike labyrinths. Each castle was adorned on top with a white flag.Then they watched the sea invade and devour their work, seeing whose castle could withstand the tide longest. The last standing flag won.Theirs was no ordinary day at the beach, but a newly minted, state-sanctioned competition for schoolchildren to raise awareness of the dangers of rising sea levels in a country of precarious geography that has provided lessons for the world about water management, but that fears that its next generation will grow complacent.Fifty-five percent of the Netherlands is either below sea level or heavily flood-prone. Yet thanks to its renowned expertise and large water management budget (about 1.25 percent of gross domestic product), the Netherlands has averted catastrophe since a flooding disaster in 1953.Experts here say that they now worry that the famed Dutch water management system actually works too well and that citizens will begin to take for granted the nation‘s success in staying dry. As global climatechange threatens to raise sea levels by as much as four feet by the end of the century, the authorities here are working to make real to children the forecasts that may seem far-off, but that will shape their lives in adulthood and old age.―Everything works so smoothly that people don‘t realize anymore that they are taking a risk in developing urban areas in low-lying areas,‖ said Hafkenscheid, the lead organizer of the competition and a water expert with the Foreign Ministry.Before the competition, the children, ages 6 to 11, were coached by experts in dike building and water management. V olunteers stood by, many of them freshly graduated civil engineers, giving last-minute advice on how best to battle the rising water.A recently released report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on water management in the Netherlands pointed to an ―awareness gap‖ among Dutch citizens.2014年11月Passage 1WA TERLOO，Belgium —The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military history. But weaving a path through the preparations is proving almost as tricky as making one’s way across the battlefield was back then，when the Duke of Wellington，as commander of an international alliance of forces，crushed Napoleon.A rambling though dilapidated farmstead called Hougoumont，which was crucial to the battle’s outcome，is being painstakingly restored as an educational center. Nearby，an underground visitor center is under construction，and roads and monuments throughout the rolling farmland where once the sides fought are being refurbished. More than 6，000 military buffs are expected to re-enact individual skirmishes.While the battle ended two centuries ago，however，hard feelings have endured. Memories are long here，and not everyone here shares Britain’s enthusiasm for celebrating Napoleon’s defeat.Every year，in districts of Wallonia，the French-speaking part of Belgium，there are fetes to honor Napoleon，according to Count Georges Jacobs de Hagen，a prominent Belgian industrialist and chairman of a committee responsible for restoring Hougoumont. ‚Napoleon，for these people，was very popular，‛Mr. Jacobs，73，said over coffee. ‚That is why，still today，there are some enemies of the project.‛Belgium，of course，did not exist in 1815. Its Dutch-speaking regions were part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands，while the French-speaking portion had been incorporated into the French Empire. Among French speakers，Mr. Jacobs said，Napoleon had a ‚huge influence —the administration，the Code Napoléon，‛or reform of the legal system. While Dutch-speaking Belgians fought under Wellington，French speakers fought with Napoleon.That distaste on the part of modern-day French speakers crystallized in resistance to a British proposal that，as part of the restoration of Hougoumont，a memorial be raised to the British soldiers who died defending its narrow North Gate at a critical moment on June 18，1815，when Wellington carried the day.‚Every discussion in the committee was filled with high sensitivity，‛Mr. Jacobs recalled. ‚I said，‘This is a condition for the help of the British，’so the North Gate won the battle，and we got the monument.‛If Belgium was reluctant to get involved，France was at first totally uninterested. ‚They told us，‘We don’t want to take part in this British triumphalism，’‛said Countess Nathalie du Parc Locmaria，a writer and publicist who is president of a committee representing four townships that own the land where the battle raged.Passage 2Bayer cares about the bees.Or at least that’s what they tell you at the company’s Bee Care Center on its sprawling campus here between Düsseldorf and Cologne. Outside the cozy two-story building that houses the center is a whimsical yellow sculpture of a bee. Inside，the same image is fashioned into paper clips，or printed on napkins and mugs.‚Bayer is strictly committed to bee health，‛said Gillian Mansfield，an official specializing in strategic messaging at the company’s Bayer CropScience division. She was sitting at the center’s semicircular coffee bar，which has a formidable espresso maker and，if you ask，homegrown Bayer honey. On the surrounding walls，bee fun facts are written in English，like ‚A bee can fly at roughly 16 miles an hour‛or，it takes ‚nectar from some two million flowers in order to produce a pound of honey.‛Next year，Bayer will open another Bee Care Center in Raleigh，N.C.，and has not ruled out more in other parts of the world.There is，of course， a slight caveat to all this buzzy good will.Bayer is one of the major producers of a type of pesticide that the European Union has linked to the large-scale die-offs of honey bee populations in North America and Western Europe. They are known as neonicotinoids，a relatively new nicotine-derived class of pesticide. The pesticide wasbanned this year for use on many flowering crops in Europe that attract honey bees.Bayer and two competitors，Syngenta and BASF，have disagreed vociferously with the ban，and are fighting in the European courts to overturn it.Hans Muilerman， a chemicals expert at Pesticide Action Network Europe，an environmental group，accused Bayer of doing ‚almost anything that helps their products remaining on the market. Massive lobbying，hiring P.R. firms to frame and spin，inviting commissioners to show their plants and their sustainability.‛‚Since they learned people care about bees，they are happy to start the type of actions you mention，‘bee care centers’and such，‛he said.There is a bad guy lurking at the Bee Care Center — a killer of bees，if you will. It’s just not a pesticide.Bayer’s culprit in the mysterious mass deaths of bees can be found around the corner from the coffee bar. Looming next to another sculpture of a bee is a sculpture of a parasite known as a varroa mite，which resembles a gargantuan cooked crab with spiky hair.The varroa，sometimes called the vampire mite，appears to be chasing the bee next to it，whichalready has a smaller mite stuck to it. And in case the message was not clear，images of the mites，which are actually quite small，flash on a screen at the center.While others point at pesticides，Bayer has funded research that blames mites for the bee die-off. And the center combines resources from two of the company’s divisions，Bayer CropScience and Bayer Animal Health，to further study the mite menace.‚The varroa is the biggest threat we have‛said Manuel Tritschler，28，a third-generation beekeeper who works for Bayer. ‚It’s very easy see to them，the mites，on the bees，‛he said，holding a test tube with dead mites suspended in liquid. ‚They suck the bee blood，from the adults and from the larvae，and in this way they transport a lot of different pathogens，virus，bacteria，fungus to the bees，‛he said.Conveniently，Bayer markets products to kill the mites too —one is called CheckMite —and Mr. Tritschler’s work at the center included helping design a ‚gate‛to affix to hives that coats bees with such chemical compounds.There is no disputing that varroa mites are a problem，but Mr. Muilerman said they could not be seen as the only threat.The varroa mite ‚cannot explain the massive die-off on its own，‛he said. ‚We think the bee die-off is a result of exposure to multiple stressors.‛2014年5月[翻译考试] 2014年5月份CATTI二级笔译考试，英译汉的两个语篇均来自《纽约时报》：第一篇是关于乔布斯夫人的介绍，第二篇是关于人文学科衰落的报道。
CATTI二级笔译汉译英真题2016年5月_真题-无答案
CATTI二级笔译汉译英真题2016年5月(总分40,考试时间60分钟)Chinese -English Translation (40 points)This part consists of two sections: SECTIONA 1 “Compulsory Translation” and SECTION 2 “Optional Translation” **prises “Topic 1” and “Topic 2”. Translate the passage in SECTION 1 and your choi1. 【Passage 1】人口问题归根结底是发展问题。
我们要关注人口增长与经济社会发展的关系，统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题。
我们要重点关注人口分布结构与社会经济发展的关系，把人口问题纳入到国家经济社会发展规划。
人口流动和家庭结构变化将对公共服务和社会治理带来挑战。
大规模的人口流动成为推动社会变迁的主要力量，同时也加快了家庭的小型化、多样化、离散化。
我们要大力推进流动人口基本公共服务均等化，着力提升流动人口服务管理水平，确保流动人口公平公正地享受城镇公共资源和社会福利，全面参与政治、经济、社会和文化生活，实现经济立足、身份认同和文化交融。
SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points)2. 【Passage 2】本美术馆是以收藏、研究、展示中国近现代至当代艺术家作品为重点的国家艺术博物馆，是新中国成立以后的国家文化标志性建筑。
主体大楼为仿古阁楼式，黄色琉璃瓦大屋顶，四周廊榭围绕，具有鲜明的民族建筑风格。
主楼建筑面积18000多平方米，共有17个展览厅，展览总面积8300平方米。
本美术馆现收藏各类美术作品10万余件，以19世纪末至今中国艺术名家和各时期代表作品为主，兼有部分古代书画和外国艺术作品，同时也包括丰富的民间美术作品。
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CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题2016年5月(总分：60.00，做题时间：60分钟)一、English-Chinese Translation (60 points) (总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.【Passage 1】 Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa.A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s chil dhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bou rnemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed. It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life —rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.” Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey — Nairobi was a small town for its white populationin those days — and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work. He believedin a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania). In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe. Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools —extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass —drastically and forever altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools. After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(1957年3月，当珍妮?古道尔（Jane Goodall）在伦敦码头候船时，她发现护照不见了。
再有几个小时，她就要出发第一次前往非洲。
古道尔有个已经迁往非洲内罗毕郊外农场生活的校友，知道古道尔从小的愿望就是要到非洲与野生动物朝夕相伴，遂邀请古道尔到内罗毕自己家小住一阵。
那年，古道尔22岁，为了攒够肯尼亚之行的旅费，过去两年，她在英国南部海滨城市伯恩茅斯（Bournemouth）老家做过服务生、文秘和邮局临时工。
现在，她的一切努力似乎都要白费了。
幸亏有人捡到她的护照，连同护照夹着折好了的由库克（Cook）旅行社出具的行程单，一并送回到了库克旅行社。
一名库克旅行社代表拿着这些证件材料，在码头找到了古道尔。
这才有了古道尔后来的自然保护工作和科学研究，并改变了我们对人类自身这个物种的认识。
如果没人捡到，很难想象古道尔的人生轨迹会是哪般，“失而复得，真难以置信，”古道尔上个月告诉我时说，“这太神奇了。
” 内罗毕当年还是一座小镇。
在古道尔到达后不到两个月，她见到了时任自然历史博物馆馆长的人类学家路易士?李基（Louis Leakey），李基请她到馆里工作。
在随后的三年里，李基花了许多时间，检验古道尔开展重复性工作的能力。
李基相信查尔斯?达尔文最先提出的假设：即人类与黑猩猩都由同一个祖先进化而来。
李基认为，在野外对黑猩猩进行详细研究，或许会有一些关于这个共同祖先的发现。
换句话说，他正在寻找一位可以与黑猩猩一起生活的人。
一天晚上，李基告诉古道尔，他知道一个刚好可以研究黑猩猩的地方：位于英国殖民地坦噶尼喀（今坦桑尼亚）的贡贝溪黑猩猩保护区（Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve）。
1960年7月，古道尔登上了一艘小船，在温暖的坦噶尼喀深湖上航行数小时后，在贡贝的一个鹅卵石沙滩登陆。
古道尔的研究发现刊登在1964年的《自然》期刊上。
古道尔发现，黑猩猩会使用工具，即利用草叶从白蚁丘里勾到白蚁吃。
这项发现彻底改变了人类一直以来对自身的认识。
人类从此不再是自然界唯一一个可以使用工具的动物。
古道尔用了25年时间去实现儿时的梦想，后来她突然放弃科研，从事自然保护工作。
)解析：二、SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)2.【Passage 2】 Scientists have found the first evidence that briny water flowed on the surface of Mars as recently as last summer, a paper published on Monday showed, raising the possibility that the planet could support life. Although the source and the chemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will change scientists’ th inking about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present day microbial life. The discovery was made when scientists developed a new technique to analyze chemical maps of the surface of Mars obtained by NASA’s Mars R econnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planet’s equatorial region. The slopes appear during the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when the temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks were cut by flowing water, but previously had been unable to make the measurements. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter makes its measurements during the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated minerals, would have evaporated. Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet wide. But Ojha and colleagues created a computer program that could scrutinize individual pixels. That data was then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100 percent match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(周一发表的一篇文章说，科学家在火星表面最近的夏天发现有盐水流过的痕迹，这项发现增加了火星可繁育生命的可能性。