2011春四级综合讲义(张培)
大学英语四级基础复习讲义.pdf
plete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务,或完善、完整未完成的部分gain 指需要做出比 obtain 更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完,强调事情的了结、终止7、4 、 accurate , correct , delicate ,exact,precise 都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,rec ognize 都含有一定的"承认"之意acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事accurate 准确的,精确的,指某人或某事不仅不出错,而且与事实无出入,强调准确性admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,招供(事实,错误等)concede(不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败correct 正确的,指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则,没有错误delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的exact 确切的、精确的,语气较 accurate 强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等8、affirm,assert,allege,claim 都含有一定的"宣称,断言"之意affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称5、accuse,charge,indict 都含有一定的"指控,控告"之意allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实根据情况下宣称,硬说accuseaccusesb.ofdoingsth. 为 … 指 责 某人,控告某人claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点chargechargesb.withdoingsth. 指 控 某人…英语四级温习资料 2(2006-12-1116:02:10)分类：大学英语四六级温习资料征服大学英语四级考试（阅读篇）（一）存在问题6、achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标第一,读不懂acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地所谓读不懂,就是考生拿过文章,满头雾水,即使硬着头皮读文章,也是一知半解。
2011年四级辅导
2011年同济大学德语系四级辅导讲义（5）辅导内容：动词II（情态动词，被动态，虚拟式，功能动词）Teil 1 情态动词1. 情态动词的时态及变位mögen的第二虚拟式möchten也常用作情态助动词或实意动词。
过去时：现在完成时：注意情态动词作为助动词和实意动词时，其完成时的构成是有区别的。
1) Er hat früher sehr gut Englisch gekonnt.Er hat früher sehr gut Englisch sprechen können.2) Ich habe einmal sehr früh zur Arbeit gemusst.Ich habe einmal sehr früh zur Arbeit gehen müssen.2. 情态动词的意义和用法(1) können1) V on hier aus kann man die ganze Stadt überblicken.2) Das kleine Kind kann schon sehr gut malen.3) Jetzt können Sie ins Labor gehen.4) Es kann bald regnen.(2) wollen1) Er will in Deutschland studieren, so lernt er fleißig Deutsch.2) Ich wollte eben zu ihm gehen, als er hereintrat.3) Wollen wir sofort anfangen?4) Er will in Südafrika gewesen sein.(3) müssen1) Der Zug fährt in einer halben Stunde ab. Wir müssen uns beeilen.2) Sie müssen das Buch unbedingt mal lesen.3) Sie sah ganz blaß aus und muss vorher heftig geweint haben.(4) sollen1) Jeder soll sich an die V erkehrsregeln halten.2) Sie soll vor dem Feierabend noch zwei Briefe schreiben. ( Der Chef sagt,...)3) Sie weiß nicht mehr, wohin sie weitergehen soll.4) Er soll lange in Paris gelebt haben.(5) dürfen1) Man darf hier nicht parken.2) Darf ich Ihnen Herrn Dr. Meier vorstellen?3) Er dürfte bald kommen. (只用虚拟式过去时)(6) mögen1) Ich mag grünen Tee und mein Vater mag schwarzen Tee.2) Möchtest du noch eine Tasse Kaffee?3) Sie mag zwischen 40 und 45 sein.3. 准情态动词的用法lassen, hören, sehen ( hat ... machen lassen, hören, sehen)lernen, lehren, gehen, bleiben ( hat schwimmen gelernt, gelehrt, ist einkaufen gegangen, ist stehen geblieben )Teil 2 被动态1. 过程被动态的时态及变位现在时：Der Text wird übersetzt.过去时：Der Text wurde übersetzt.现在完成时：Der Text ist übersetzt worden.过去完成时：Der Text war übersetzt worden.第一将来时：Der Text wird übersetzt werden.第二将来时：Der Text wird übersetzt worden sein.2. 状态被动态1) Die Bank ist von 9.00 bis 17.00 geöffnet.2) Das Museum war für 2 Jahre geschlossen, wurde gestern wieder geöffnet.3.情态动词被动态1)Der Text muss von mir gelesen werde.→Ich muss den Text lesen.2)Der Text musste von mir gelesen werden.→Ich musste den Text lesen.3)Der Text hat von mir gelesen werden müssen.→Ich habe den Text lesen müssen.4)Der Text hatte von mir gelesen werden müssen.→Ich hatte den Text lesen müssen.在从句中的语序：Man sagt, dass der Text hat(hatte) von mir gelesen werden müssen.4.被动态的替代形式1) Die Uhr ist noch reparierbar. ( kann repariert werden)2) Das Problem lässt sich leicht lösen. ( kann gelöst werden)3) Das Wohnzimmer ist sofort aufzuräumen. ( muss aufgeräumt werden)4) Das Museum ist sonntags auch zu besichtigen. ( kann besichtigt werden)5.无人称被动态1) Es wird am Wochenende nicht gearbeitet.2) Auf der Party wird getrunken, gesungen und getanzt.3) Über die Reform der Hochschulen wird heftig diskutiert.4) Der alten Frau ist oft beim Haushalt geholfen worden.Teil 3 虚拟式1．第二虚拟式1.1 第二虚拟式的构成过去时：注意：1. 如果虚拟式与直陈式形式相同，就用würde+不定式的形式替代。
四级英语讲座及试题与答案1 (5)
Part I Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) (35%)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questionthere will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.1. [A] He’ll be able to clean the house in time.[B] He doesn’t have time to take the woman home.[C] It should be easy for the guests to find the house.[D] He needs time to relax before the guests arrive.2. [A] If the game is held there the team will lose.[B] If the game is held there the team will win.[C] It makes no difference since the team will lose.[D] It makes no difference since the team will win.3. [A] Her son’s health.[B] Her son’s studies.[C] Her son’s poor grades.[D] Her son’s competence for the job.4. [A] The shops are not crowded in December.[B] Many people go shopping despite the cold weather in December.[C] People d on’t like to do shopping in busy shops in winter.[D] In December people stay at home because of the cold weather.5. [A] The exam questions were too difficult.[B] The questions had little connection with the course.[C] He couldn’t finish th e questions within the time allowed.[D] He found the questions confusing.6. [A] The movie was inexpensive.[B] The movie was not worth watching.[C] He didn’t have time to go to the movie.[D] The movie lasted too long.7. [A] He is learning about advertising.[B] He is the new advertising manager.[C] He is interviewing the woman.[D] He is waiting for an interview.8. [A] The man wants to go to San Francisco.[B] There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.[C] There are two direct flights to Los Angeles within the next two hours.[D] If the man board the plane to Los Angeles now, he will have to transfer at SanFrancisco.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. [A] A novel about a president.[B] A political science book.[C] A listing of election results.[D] A text for one of his courses.10. [A] To the manager’s office.[B] To the paperback section.[C] To the textbook area.[D] To the publishers indexes.11. [A] Only those used in the university.[B] Only those printed at the university.[C] Only those currently available from publishers.[D] Only those in the field of political science.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. [A] The woman is helping the man study for his class.[B] They are visiting a factory Kahn designed.[C] The woman is deciding whether to take history of architecture.[D] The woman is researching Kahn’s work.13. [A] Inventing the assembly line.[B] Building modern factories.[C] Designing early automobiles.[D] Reviving classical architecture.14. [A] Steel manufacturing.[B] Coal mining.[C] Textiles.[D] Modern building.15. [A] They were a fire hazard.[B] They were too spread out.[C] They were designed for efficiency rather than for beauty.[D] They were difficult to heat.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. [A] The degree of violence in programs is too high.[B] There shouldn’t be any commercials on television.[C] Watching too much television is undesirable for children.[D] Television programs in the United States are of low quality.17. [A] A recreational program. [B] An educational program.[C] A program for cartoons. [D] A program for commercials.18. [A] They will become inactive and dull.[B] They will not go to cinemas as often.[C] They will forget to do their homework.[D] They will imitate what they see in the programs.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. [A] Different kinds of crimes.[B] Increasingly high crime rate in the U.S.[C] Seasonal changes in the natural environment.[D] The relations between changes in the season and crime patterns.20. [A] February. [B] May. [C] July. [D] August.21. [A] Few people get married in June.[B] Most people read serious books in summer.[C] More people have mental problems in June than in other months.[D] One is most likely to make the best performance on examinations in summer. Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. [A] It is harmful to the body only.[B] It is good to personal relationship.[C] It is harmful to the body and mind.[D] It is a good change after idling for a long time.23. [A] Personal relationships should come after one’s job.[B] People should care more about their personal relationships and relaxation.[C] When a job is very important, relaxation should be forgotten.[D] Personal relationships can help people do their jobs well.24. [A] He should relax and have a chat with friends while working.[B] He should not relax until he finishes his work.[C] He should play hard to fully relax himself.[D] He should shift some of his work to his colleagues.25. [A] Work and play are different activities.[B] Work and play should be combined together.[C] People should play more and work less.[D] People should work more and play less.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 26 to 34 with the exact words you have just heard. For number 35 you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or does not live up to the manufacturer’s (26) ______for it, the first step is to present the guarantee at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will (27) ______results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consume rs is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her (28) ______, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, (29) ______ he or she has a just claim.26.Consumers should complain in (30) ______ whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is (31) ______ to phone or write the complaint in a letter. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but (32) ______, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in Question. If this cannot be done, (33) ______________________________________..The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, (34) _______________________________________. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further.(35)_________________________________________________.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) (10%) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 36-42, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).For questions 43-45, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Debate Over Genetically Modified FoodsFor thousands of years farmers have used a process of selection and cross breeding to continually improve the quality of crops. Traditional breeding methods are slow, requiring intensive labor: while trying to get a desirable trait in a bred species, undesirable traits will appear and farmers must continue the process over and over again until all the undesirables are bred out. In contrast, organisms acquire one specific gene or a few genes together through genetic modification, without other traits included and within a single generation. However, this technology too is inherently unpredictable and some scientists believe it can produce potentiallydangerous results unless better testing methods are developed. Traditional breeding is based on sexual reproduction between like organisms. The transferred genes are similar to genes in the cell they join. They are conveyed in complete groups and in a fixed sequence that harmonizes with the sequence of genes in the partner cell. In contrast, bioengineers isolate a gene from one type of organism and collect it randomly into the DNA of a dissimilar species, disrupting its natural sequence. One of the main differences between conventional and genetically modified crops is that the former involves crosses either within species or between very closely related species. However, GM crops can have genes from closely related species or even from bacteria and viruses. Benefits: one side of the debate Economical? GM supporters tell farmers that they stand to reap enormous profits from growing GM crops. It takes a shorter time to produce the desired product. It is precise and there are no unwanted genes. To produce the GM crops, modern biotechnology is used which requires highly skilled people and sophisticated and expensive equipment. Large companies need considerable investments in laboratories, equipment and human resources, hence the reason why GM crops are more expensive for farmers than traditional crops.Herbicide-resistant crops So what other advantages do GM crops hold for farmers? GM crops can be produced to be herbicide (除草剂) resistant. This means that farmers could spray these crops with herbicide and kill the weeds, without affecting the crop. In effect, the amount of herbicide used in one season would be reduced, with a subsequent reduction in costs for farmers and consumers. Biotechnology companies are even experimenting with crops that can be genetically modified to be drought and salt-tolerant, or less reliant on fertilizer, opening up new areas to be farmed and leading to increased productivity. However, the claims of less herbicide usage with GM crops have till now not been independently supported by facts. Better quality foods even animals can be genetically modified to be leaner, grow faster, and need less food. They could be modified to have special characteristics, such as greater milk production in cows. These modifications again lead to improved productivity for farmers and finally lower costs for the consumers. Modified crops could perhaps prevent outbreaks such as foot and mouth disease, which has badly influenced many farmers and local economies. No such products have been released to date; however, some are under consideration for release. For example, GM salmon, capable of growing almost 30 times faster than natural salmon, may soon be approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the U.S. for release into open waters without a single study on the impact on human health or the environment. Risks: the other side of the debate Environmental Damage the problem with GM crops is that there is little known about what effect they will have in, say, 20 years time.The genetic structure of any living organism is complex and GM crop tests focus on short-term effects. Not all the effects of introducing a foreign gene into the complex genetic structure of an organism are tested. Will the pests that a crop was created to resist eventually become resistant to this crop? Then there is always the possibility that we may not be able to destroy GM crops once they spread into the environment.Risk to food web A further complication is that the pesticide produced in the crop may unintentionally harm creatures. GM crops may also pose a health risk to native animals that eat them. The animals may be poisoned by the built-in pesticides. Tests in the U.S. showed that 44% of caterpillars (毛虫) of the monarch butterfly died when fed large amounts of pollen(花粉)from GM corn.Disease Another concern is disease. Since some crops are modified using the DNA fromviruses and bacteria, will we see new diseases emerge? What about the GM crops that have antibiotic-resistant marker genes? Marker genes are used by scientists to determine whether their genetic modification of a plant was successful. Will these antibiotic-resistant genes be transferred to microorganisms that cause disease? We already have a problem with ineffective antibiotics. How can we develop new drugs to fight these new bugs? Until further studies can show that GM foods and crops do not pose serious threats to human health or the world's ecosystems, the debate over their release will continue. Living organisms are complex and tampering with their genes may have unintended effects. It is in our common interest to support concerned scientists and organizations, such as Friends of the Earth who demand required labeling of these food products and independent testing for safety and environmental impacts.36. What is the main difference between conventional breeding and genetic breeding?A) The former is based on sexual reproduction between like organisms while the lattercan have genes even from bacteria and viruses.B) The former is unpredictable while the latter is predictable.C) The former is applied by farmers while the latter by scientists.D) The former has a long history while the latter a short one.37. Which of the following is the possible benefit of GM crops?A) They can be herbicide-resistant. B) They can fertilize the field.C) They can produce salt. D) They can be more delicious.38. What will probably happen to the genetically modified animals?A) They may grow slower. B) They may improve the production.C) They may digest more food. D) They may spread disease quickly.39. What can we learn from GM salmon according to the passage?A) It can grow very slowly. B) It will eat less.C) It won't do harm to environment. D) It may cause some disease.40. The reason why GM crops will probably lead to environmental damage is that____ .A) GM crop tests do not focus on far-reaching effectsB) there are no GM crop tests before they are being approved ofC) there is no single study on the impact of GM crops on the environmentD) GM crops may bring out foot or mouth disease41. how many times has this article mentioned risks about GM crops.A) Six. B) Five. C) Four. D) Three.42. The author's attitude towards GM crops is .A) Objective. B) Biased. C) Affirmative. D) Negative.43. The native animals that eat GM crops might be poisoned by__________.44. Scientists relied on Marker genes to test the results of __________.45. Friends of the Earth claim that all GM food should be tested for__________.Part III Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) (20%) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 46 to 55 are based on the following passage.More than forty women have been killed in the war in Iraq. Hundreds of others have been ___ 46___.The war began in March of 2003. Two___ 47___published books tell two different stories of women who served in Iraq. One is by Janis Karpinski. She was the Army general who ___ 48___military police at prisons in Iraq. These included the Army Reserve soldiers who ___ 49___ the Abu Ghraib Prison near Baghdad. Some have received prison ___50_for mistreating prisoners at Abu Ghraib. Miz Karpinski became the highest-level officer to be punished in connection with the ___ 51___.She left the service in July after being reduced from a brigadier general(准将) to a colonel(上校). Her book is called "One Woman's Army: The Commanding General of Abu Ghraib Tells Her Story." Miz Karpinski says she was unfairly blamed for conditions beyond her control. She also tells of her difficulties as a rising woman ___ 52___in the Army. Another former member of the Army, Kayla Williams, wrote a book called "Love My Rifle More Than You." The name is taken from a ___ 53___ song. Miz Williams was an Arabic translator in Iraq. She says her book describes what it is like to be young and ___ 54__ in the Army. One famous 55 called it "a frank, hocking and honest look at life in the military."A) abused F) case K) marchingB) female G) commanded L) simplyC) wounded H) soldier M) guardedD) officer I) reviewer N) beautifulE) treatments J) recently O) sentencesSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 65 are based on the following passage.Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke was first used instead of charcoal (木炭) for refining iron ore. Previously the poor quality of the iron had restricted its use in architecture to items such as chains and tie bars for supporting arches, vaults (拱顶),and walls. With the improvement in refining ore, it was now possible to make cast-iron beams and columns. During the nineteenth century further advances were made, notably Bessemer's process for converting iron into steel, which made the material more commercially feasible.Iron was rapidly adopted for the construction of bridges, because its strength was far greater than that of stone or timber, but its use in the architecture of buildings developed more slowly. By 1800 a complete internal iron skeleton for buildings had been developed in industrial architecture replacing traditional timber beams, but it generally remained concealed. Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron as a building material lay in its strength, its resistance to fire, and its potential to span vast areas. As a result, iron became increasingly popular as a structural material for more traditional styles of architecture during the nineteenth century, but it was invariably concealed.Significantly, the use of exposed iron occurred mainly in the new building types produced by the Industrial Revolution: in factories, warehouses, commercial offices, exhibition halls, and railroad stations, where its practical advantages far outweighed its lack of status. Designers of the railroad stations of the new age explored the potential of iron, covering huge areas with spans that surpassed the great vaults of medieval churches and cathedrals. Paxton's Crystal Palace, designed to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, covered an area of 1848 feet by 408 feet in assembled units of glass set in iron frames. The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far with the Halle des Machines, spanning 362 feet, and the Eiffel Tower 1,000 feet high. However, these achievements were mocked by the artists of Paris as expensive and ugly foolishness. Iron, despite its structural advantages, had little aesthetic (审美的) status. The use of an exposed iron structure in the more traditional styles of architecture was slower to develop.56. What does the passage mainly discuss?A) Advances in iron processing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.B) The effects of the Industrial Revolution on traditional architectural styles.C) Advantages of stone and timber over steel as building materials.D) The evolution of the use of iron in architecture.57. Iron replaced stone and timber in the building of bridges because iron wasconsidered_________.A) more beautifulB) new and modernC) much strongerD) easier to transport58. According to Paragraph 3, the architectural significance of the Halle des Machines wasits ________.A) wide spanB) great heightC) unequaled beautyD) assembled units of glass59. How did the artists react to the buildings at the Paris Exhibition?A) They tried to copy them.B) They laughed at them.C) They praised them.D) They refused to pay to see them.60. It can be inferred that the delayed use of exposed iron structures in traditional styles ofarchitecture is best explained by________.A) the impracticality of using iron for small, noncommercial buildingsB) the association of iron architecture with the problems of the Industrial RevolutionC) the general belief that iron offered less resistance to fire and harsh weather thantraditional materialsD) the general perception that iron structures were not beautiful in appearance Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Four months before Crown Prince Felipe says "si" ( "yes" in Spanish) to television journalist Letizia Ortiz,royal wedding fever is gripping Spain.Shops are offering the biggest variety of wedding souvenirs (纪念品),from plates and bottle-openers to copies of the couple's engagement ring.The couple have made only a few carefully staged public appearances to reduce the scrutiny (仔细检查).Spanish people waited for more than a decade for the 36-year-old son of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia to find a suitable bride. And more important, the May 22 wedding will be a landmark event in other ways.Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano,31,is the daughter of a nurse and a journalist. So, she will be the first commoner on a throne once occupied by Queen Isabella, who sent Christopher Columbus to the Americas.The pretty, elegant former news anchor (主持人)will also become Spain's first home-grown queen in more than a century. The lively and professionally accomplished Letizia has been welcomed by Spanish people as a new type of queen for a modern monarchy.Spanish people were accustomed to seeing her in television news broadcasts and she arouses tremendous curiosity. Journalists are investigating even the most ordinary aspects of her past which resembles that of so many other young Spanish professional women.Spanish people have also taken note that she tried to interrupt the prince when they talked to the press after getting engaged in November. "Let me talk," she told the heir to the Bourbon throne.Such behavior is regarded as understandable in a woman who went to Mexico by herself at age 23 and later reported on the September 11 terrorist attacks and the Iraq war for state television TVE.Her strong character, frankness and critical mind could also be disadvantages for a royal who is rarely expected to speak her mind, reporters have said.The palace has struggled to protect her from scrutiny and to give her time to adapt to her new role.61. By saying "royal wedding fever" (Line 2,Para.1), the author means "_________".A) a lot of royal weddings followB) the Spanish people are surprised at the royal weddingC) the royal wedding makes a stir in the whole countryD) the royal wedding becomes a fashion62. The most important reason why royal wedding causes such a great interest isthat_________ .A) a commoner is married into a royal familyB) the prince finally finds his brideC) a famous TV journalist gets marriedD) the wedding is expensive63. Letizia used to be a news anchor who was _________.A) world-famous B) frank C) serious D) capable64. Letizia's interruption of the prince when they talked to the press was most probablyprompted by her_________ .A) curiosity B) innocence C) outspokenness D) rudeness65. The difficulty for Letizia to fit in the royal life may lie in _________.A) how to meet the requirements of the QueenB) how to change her character to fit in the royal familyC) how to continue her career after marriageD) how to face her former audience as a princessPart IV Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Acupuncture (针灸) is quite mysterious. People see the most is a person with needles sticking out of the flesh. Understandably being wary ___66___ sharp pointed objects, patients often needs to__67___this obstacle. The best way to do this is becoming educated about how acupuncture is __68___, and where it came from. The earliest __69___ of the use of acupuncture go back to 2,000 years ago. The __70___dates back to as early as the Stone Age. When you experience pain it is an instinctive __71___ to apply pressure to that location. Also the body may experience pain __72___ the infection is not localized. Your body __73___ sends you warning signals. The Ancient Chinese utilized these warnings, and developed an intricate system of these points__74___ observation. It is easy to infer that applying pressure to __75___ pain with your hands evolved __76___ the use of needles instead. Tortoise _77___ have been found recording the use of acupuncture. The first actual written text__78___ the use of acupuncture is called Nei Ching Su Wen. This book basically __79___ all the different points, but it is mostly a book on theory and concept. The Nei Ching Su Wen __80__the basic rules of philosophy on health. These philosophies branched from two mainstream_81__ during the Warring States period. The first is Confucianism. The teachings of this stress that human body is sacred and is __82___ dissection or surgery. This makes acupuncture a perfect means of __83___ illness because applying pressure to the __84__ body, you can relieve internal disease. The other major __85__of thought is called Taoism. Maintaining harmony is the stressed idea; you must have a balance between Yin and Yang.66. A) with B) for C) of D) about67. A) overcome B) succeed C) defeat D) fail68. A) practiced B) executed C) accomplished D) performed69. A) recordings B) scripts C) handwritings D) copies70. A) reason B) origin C) source D) root71. A) incentive B) reaction C) stimulus D) reflection72. A) which B) what C) when D) where73. A) incidentally B) especially C) naturally D) definitely74. A) through B) with C) by D) in75. A) control B) suffer C) relive D) inflict76. A) from B) into C) out D) as77. A) claws B) bones C) shells D) feet78. A) exclaimed B) acclaime C) reclaimed D) claimed79. A) lays out B) lays about C) lays aside D) lays down80. A) observes B) proves C) sets D) violates81. A) structures B) religions C) schools D) conceptions82. A) from B) for C) against D) versus。
XXXX海天春季四级综合(张培)
XXXX海天春季四级综合(张培)翻译评论的一般原则:两步一步。
问题概述，认识你自己和你自己在四级考试的新试题中，翻译的比例是5%它由五个句子组成，要求考生将这五个句子从汉语翻译成英语，基本上是检查短语和句型，而不是整个句子。
这类问题的考试重点主要是英语常用表达和基本语法及短语的内容2。
翻译准备方法为1。
在翻译练习中，尝试使翻译答案多样化，以拓展思维，拓宽思维，掌握关键核心表达。
例:(为了挣钱供我上学)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _，母亲承担更多的工作2。
永远不要忽视之前的词汇和语法单项选择题，尤其是XXXX之后的问题，试着从之前的词汇问题中挖掘出新的四级翻译测试点，随时随地做笔记并复习。
案件1:提交人被要求提交。
199例2:例3:你不会偏食，你在大饥荒时期进食例3。
多回搭配，尤其是以名词为中心，多回名词与动词、形容词等搭配。
同时，用经典搭配造更多的句子，完善语法结构。
同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得4。
强化关键语法知识如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等5。
深入分析翻译后的试题，全面细致的分类测试站点的类型，全面把握挖掘测试站点的潜力，学会举一反三1，最新真实问题详细解释1，如果你_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(根据我的指示)你应该失败。
2年，尽管遇到困难，马克从未放弃对知识的追求。
3年，科学一致认为这将是一个很长的时间_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(我们已经找到了治疗癌症的方法)。
14，生产必须始终如一地创造_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(跟上消费者不断增长的需求)。
5年，你锻炼得越多，_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(你感冒的可能性就越小)。
2。
对所选真实测试点的分析:1，在城市待过一段时间。
2011年大学英语四级精华资料大全,史上最全最有效~(5.6更新)
论坛里的资料下载方式主要分为两种。
一为附件上传（多为压缩包、word文档和mp3），直接注册登录然后右击“另存为”，不要使用迅雷等下载工具（论坛资料全部免费，不需要积分），二为FTP上传，需要使用迅雷等下载工具，右击选择“使用迅雷下载”，可能因为下载的人比较多，需要多试多等。
1）word和PDF格式的资料都可以打印，PDF文档需要用PDF阅读器阅读，请点击：pdf阅读器补充：解压之后，双击SumatraPDFPortable.exe，然后将你要打开的PDF文件拖入就可以阅读。
2）若附件形式的压缩包文件名为*.part1, *.part2，这就是分卷压缩，全部下载后，大家解压part1这个文件就可以。
3）论坛有些资料标明用优蛋下载，请大家下载安装优蛋115网盘优蛋下载器关于2011年6月英语四级考试的预测卷等资料会在这里不断更新，希望大家继续支持英语四六级口语考试2011年5月报名通知（含备考资料）（考试日期5月28、29日）[大家网原创]2010年12月英语四级真题试卷PDF完整版下载(听力MP3及原文+答案解析)版主建议：如何准备大学英语四级考试及考试时间安排2011年6月大学英语四级考试备考方案-回帖报道送勋章历年大学英语四级真题试卷word+答案+听力原文+MP3（1989-2010.12）下载2011年大学英语六级精华资料大全，史上最全最有效~【大家首发】淘金高阶4级考试巅峰训练(突破2011年6月)电子书及MP3汇总下载潘晓燕2010版《淘金4级考试20天一本通》电子书下载最新四级考试标准分换算表马德高2010版星火《网考备考指南与实战演练四级》电子书下载【各类预测卷】长喜2011年6月英语四级预测卷及答案详解完整版汇总(更新中)卢小军《星火英语·命题改革与预测试卷(4级)(2011年6月)》电子书及MP3下载【各类预测作文】网校2011年6月英语四级押题作文+5套强化听力文本和mp3《长喜2011年6月英语四级补充范文和相似预测范文》电子书下载[大家网首发]星火2011年6月英语四级热点预测作文及黄金模板(PDF+MP3含字幕)下载新东方2011年6月英语四级复习手册含20篇预测作文及阅读词汇下载【真题新书】2010年12月英语四级真题试卷word下载长喜2010.12-2006历年四级真题词汇及例句精讲【诚挚推荐】长喜2010年6月及12月英语四级真题及解析(含听力音频)2010年12月英语4级真题试卷听力MP3含字幕（高清版）[大家网首发]星火2011年6月四级各题型讲解讲义及音频下载[大家网首发]星火2011版英语四级核心词精讲与长难句分析(含2010.12四级真题解析)长喜《2011年6月英语四级真题难句分析》电子版下载【词汇新书】《英语四级词汇随身记》2010版电子书下载《大学英语1-4级词汇手册》2010版电子书下载《单词突击新四级单词15天速成》电子书下载《大学英语四级考试单词速记》2010版电子书下载《英语六级词汇随身记》2010版电子书下载《星火4级单词日历(2010下)》电子书下载星火《新要求大学英语词汇星火式巧记速记精练4级》2009版电子书下载2009版《英语万词速成:词根+词缀记忆法》电子书下载2009版《2000例题贯通四六级高频词汇》电子书下载文都2010版《大学英语四级词汇分层妙记最新版》电子书下载【大家网首发】《刘一男2011版单词寻根记忆魔法》电子书下载星火2010版《大学英语核心词汇30天突破--四级》电子书下载2011年6月淘金巅峰训练4级高频词汇速记卡片文本及听力星火2009版《大学英语词汇分频语境记忆四级》电子书下载星火2009版《501寝室卧谈会读故事记单词四级词汇》（男生版）电子书下载[大家网首发]2010版《星火英语：四级词汇必背（乱序版）（2010下）》电子书下载2010版《大学英语四六级词汇重点突破》电子版世界图书出版公司《篇章记忆24篇魔术美文串记大学英语4级词汇》电子书2011年四级考试基础：快速记忆单词【阅读新书】星火《新题型大学英语4级考试巅峰阅读100篇》2009版电子书下载《大学英语四级考试阅读理解120篇精粹(710分新题型)》浙江大学出版社2010版2010版《710分四级阅读单项技能突破》电子书下载2010版大学英语四六级完全攻略系列《六级阅读分册五关六步走》电子书下载文都2010版《大学英语四级考试强化集训--完形翻译》电子书下载2010版《大学英语四级超速过阅读争锋》电子书下载《大学英语六级考试晨读诵典》电子书下载文都2010版《大学英语四级考试强化集训阅读理解新题型》电子书下载2010版新东方《英语四级诵读菁华》电子书及MP3下载西安交通大学出版社2010版《英语四级考试阅读满分必备》电子书星火英语:新题型大学英语4级考试五大题源报刊阅读100篇(2010下)2010版方振宇《大学英语四级真题源天天读》电子书长喜2010版《大学英语4级考试:王长喜选题源阅读》电子书【写作翻译完形新书】《星火大学英语4级考试易考范文背诵50篇》2009版电子书下载《大学英语4级考试写作周计划》2010版电子书下载《大学英语四六级写作全解》上海外语教育出版社2009版电子书下载《全新大学英语四级综合技能20天冲关快训(完形改错简答翻译)》2010版《大学英语四六级写作范文80篇》外语教学与研究出版社2009版电子书2010版《全新大学英语四六级写作20天冲关快训》电子书下载2010版《大学英语四六级完全攻略系列：四级综合分册五关六步走》电子书下载文都2010版《大学英语四六级考试写作全解读》电子书下载2010版《710分四级高频语法精析单项技能突破》电子书下载文都2010版《大学英语四级考试强化集训--完形翻译》电子书下载上海交通大学出版社2010版《大学英语4级写作/翻译周周练》电子书下载2010版《四六级写作分册五关六步走》电子书下载西安交通大学出版社2010版《全新大学英语四六级考试写作标准范文100篇》电子版【语法新书】2011年6月华研外语英语四级10大高频语法与难句突破2009版《大学英语四级考试高频语法精析》电子书【听力新书】《星火英语新题型大学英语4级考试听力题源精选720题(2010下)》（PDF+MP3）下载《星火英语新题型大学英语4级考试听力高分特训(2010下)》（PDF+MP3）下载长喜2011年6月英语四级标准听力4套文本及mp3下载[大家网首发]星火2011年6月英语四级听力高分突破-5套模拟电子书及MP3含字幕【其他新书】网友需要《英语入门王：从ABC到流畅口语》电子书及MP3下载长喜《全新版大学英语2和4辅导大全》赠送30篇美文文本及录音长喜《新视野大学英语2和4辅导大全》赠送30篇美文文本及录音2010年四级新书大家论坛首发--星火系列：《星火英语新要求大学英语4级词汇周计划(2010下)》PDF电子书下载2010版星火英语4级完形翻译语法整套电子书《星火英语.读题源文章记4级词汇》PDF电子书《星火新题型大学英语4级考试一本全:2010年6月高分冲刺版(附MP3)下载2010版星火《新题型大学英语高频语法(4级)》电子书下载星火2009版《面试英语应急一本通》(在职版)电子书下载王长喜系列：2010版长喜《英语4级考试标准阅读全文翻译100篇》(第9版)电子书下载2010版长喜《大学英语4级考试巅峰训练(第11版)》电子书及MP32010版长喜《大学英语4级考试12句作文法(第10版) 》王长喜2010年大学英语4级考试《长喜教你做真题》文本及听力下载长喜英语四级听力必备知识及各类词汇2010版长喜《英语4级标准听力》电子书及MP3新东方系列：2010新东方四级精品班资料完美分享下载【大家网首发】新东方《大学英语四级写作考点解密》PDF电子书下载【大家网首发】新东方《大学英语四级阅读考点解密》PDF电子书下载《新东方2010年12月四级考试全真预测试卷》十套文本及MP32010年版新东方《四级词汇词根+联想记忆法_便携版》电子书及MP32010版新东方《大学英语四级考试核心高频词汇突破》电子书及MP32010版《大学英语四级写作专练》电子版下载新东方《大学英语四级美文晨读100篇》(PDF+MP3)下载2010年12月新东方四级精品班资料完美分享下载新东方内部培训资料2010年12月全真预测试卷复习资料及词汇各家四级最新资料：【阅读新书】《710分最新题型快突破:最新大学英语四级阅读题源》2009版PDF下载《大学英语新四级阅读周计划》PDF电子书下载潘晓燕《淘金式巧攻大学英语四级阅读160篇》电子书下载【写作新书】《尖刀连大学英语四级作文:必背模板10天速记速成(第2版)》2010-02出版PDF下载《大学英语新四级写作周计划》PDF电子书下载[大家网首发]《大学英语四级作文》2009版PDF下载【语法新书】[大家网首发]《全新大学英语四级语法20天冲关快训》2010年2月PDF下载【词汇新书】陈新仁：[2010]谁还在背单词大学英语四级词汇【大家网首发】星火2009版《新要求大学英语星火式巧记速记词网(4级)》电子书下载王迈迈《四级词汇核心密码破译扩散式快速记忆》PDF 下载[大家网首发]《大学英语四级词汇巧学速记》(2010-02出版)PDF下载【大家网首发】《大学英语四级词汇巧战一本通(第4版)》2010-1 PDF下载《单词达人:形象记忆法速背四级词汇》2010-02出版PDF下载王迈迈《最新大学英语四级考试词汇必备2000例详解》PDF电子书下载《四级英语真题诵典:长难句+常考词汇》PDF电子书下载[大家网首发]《新航道_读真题记单词大学英语四级词汇》2004-2008PDF下载韩冰2009版《单词速记王:联想速记》PDF下载(四六级到出国核心词汇)韩冰2009版《单词速记王:包容速记》PDF下载(四六级到出国核心词汇)韩冰2009版《单词速记王:拆分速记》PDF下载(四六级到出国核心词汇)韩冰2009版《单词速记王:词根速记》PDF下载(四六级到出国核心词汇)韩冰史上最牛词根书《Words图解词根、词源10000单词速记(下册)》完整汇总版韩冰史上最牛词根书《Words图解词根、词源10000单词速记(上册)》（非标题党）《大学英语4级考试标准词汇掌中宝(2010年最新版) 》PDF下载《英语词汇4000超强记忆》电子书(四级到出国考试)下载【综合新书】《白领英语晨读经典365》上册MP3+PDF下载《白领英语晨读经典365下》PDF电子书下载【大家网首发】白领美丽英文诵典365 春·夏·秋·冬四部（PDF+MP3）下载《攻克四级710分:词汇、完型填空及翻译2010最新版》PDF电子版下载浙江大学出版社《2010全新大学英语四级题型百日冲刺》PDF电子书下载《大学英语四级专项训练:写作选词完型与翻译》(2010-04出版)PDF下载大学英语4级真题详解与分析报告(2006.6-2009.12)电子书及MP3大学英语口试轻松过(4级与6级)电子书及MP3《英语名篇名段背诵精华》电子书及MP3《英文谚语精选》电子书及mp3下载上海辞书出版社_陶增珊《流行美语轻松学》PDF下载《全新四级710分快速突破丛书：阅读第2版》PDF下载《新题型大学英语四级考试高分指南-听力卷》电子书及MP3《新题型大学英语四级听力通》电子书及MP3晨读英语美文100篇CET-4（第2版最新修订）（PDF+MP3含字幕）下载张思锐《大学英语四级考试710分全攻略》PDF下载金国臣2006版《大学英语4级考试710分全真模拟试卷及详解》下载【2010年12月备考】看了不过四级，你就拿刀来砍我[在线题库]2008.6-2009.12大学英语四级真题测试及专题训练（含听力及答案）《新东方2010年12月四级考试全真预测试卷》需要打包下载的筒子请跟帖(已更新文件)2010年12月英语四级级考试流程及考生注意事项18号考四六级的!这是新东方的6篇押题作文2010年12月份四级考试作文类型及话题预测（含历届作文题）综合资料[大家网首发]晨读英语美文100篇CET-4（第2版最新修订）（PDF+MP3含字幕）下载《生而为赢——新东方英语背诵美文30篇》Mp3+原创文本书签版下载40天攻克大学英语四级系列丛书全套word下载大家论坛独家原创：大学英语历年新四级2006.6-2010.6真题完形填空专题集PDF（打印版）2010年12月英语四级考试完形填空提高练习汇总完形备考专题大家论坛独家原创：大学英语历年新四级2006.6-2010.6真题翻译专题集PDF（打印版）2010年12月英语四级考试翻译高分训练题汇总翻译备考专题大学英语四六级口语考试备考资料汇总大家论坛版主的联袂邀请：考完四六级的同学，进来寻找下你们的未来吧词汇【版主推荐】好东东！！！新东方背单词5(软件)~~~~吐血推荐！！2010年12月四级备考基础阶段：词汇篇[cet4词汇]新大纲四级词汇(共4538个词)[大家网首发]2009版《四六级词汇创新记忆》电子书下载大家网首发-大学英语4级考试710分词汇速记(2008年第2版)PDF下载《胡敏读故事记单词--大学英语四级词汇》中国广播电视出版社（PDF+MP3）下载强烈推荐！！英语四级绝对实用的高频动词词组(高清版)下载[新东方精品班资料]四级活跃动词高频词组WORD下载新东方俞敏洪《英语词汇速记大全（一）词根词缀记忆法》文本下载大学英语四级词汇训练题九套（附答案）刘毅突破英文词汇系列台湾原版》Vocabulary 5000（PDF+MP3）下载姚林生：大学英语4·6级考试应试同义词必备[2005]大学英语四级备考词汇资料大汇总写作大学英语4级考试王长喜巅峰作文(710分新题型) PDF 下载新东方内部培训资料：2010年12月四级考试写作篇突破支招2010年12月四级备考基础阶段系列指导：写作篇2010年12月英语四六级写作词汇匮乏的三大技巧《大学英语四、六级考试作文范文精品》电子书下载大学英语写作词典大学英语四级常见的英语同义词50组(适用于写作和完形题)下载[新东方2010精品班资料]CET4写作高分班电子教材WORD下载[cet4考试必备]四级作文写作[模版][范文]汇总写作备考专题大学英语四级备考写作资料大汇总阅读大家论坛独家原创：大学英语历年新四级2006.6-2010.6真题快速阅读专题集PDF（打印版）大家论坛九月新推--做真题、看解析、记单词三部曲2010年12月四级考试快速阅读命题剖析与预测大家论坛做真题、看解析、记单词--2010年6月四级深度阅读第二篇大学英语CET4考试四级阅读冲刺视频课件下载大学英语新四级阅读200篇（全书WORD版）阅读备考专题大学英语四级备考阅读资料大汇总听力2010年12日(CET4)英语四级听力精练汇总[原创]大家版收藏级大学英语四级历年真题大全(89-2010年)文本及听力大学英语四级考试巅峰听力2007版（MP3含字幕）[王长喜编]2010年12月英语四六级听力快速提高必经五个阶段及资料[CET4新题型]听力16.0课时[张杨Flash]听力备考专题大学英语四级备考听力资料大汇总大学英语自学资料：叶正2010版《我就是英语悦读达人》电子书下载北京语言大学出版社2009版《原味美语：高频生活口语俚语完全版2 》电子书下载北京语言大学出版社2009版《原味美语：高频生活口语俚语完全版1 》电子书下载浩瀚2009版《脱口说英语:口语语料大全》电子书下载浩瀚2009版《超越口语英语900句》电子书下载浩瀚2009版《超越出国英语900句》电子书下载四级诵读菁华随书光盘MP3《新世纪大学英语精品教材：实用大学英语语法教程》电子书下载李俊峰《实用大学英语写作》电子书下载谷约《妙笔生花_漂亮的英文书信》电子书下载天津大学出版社《大学英语易混词辨析》电子书下载《贻洋英语法》电子书下载《新时代大学英语第一册教师用书》电子书下载2009版《大学英语综合教程导学指南第4册》电子书下载清华大学出版社《大学英语口语教程》第一册和第四册下载清华大学出版社2009版《大学英语口语教程》第二册载胡溯帆《新纪元大学英语读写教程3》下载2010年11月四六级口语考试规则及备考全攻略（资料下载）网友关于四级长难句及阅读题解析贴：【求助】长难句读不懂需要特意去看语法嘛？大家都来说说吧！真题的一个长句帮我分析下cofounder with Gregoryof Rogan and Loomstate真题的一个句子帮我分析下existing labels四级阅读长句帮忙分析下the area least subject toimpact帮我分析个四级阅读难句If you tell your dim friend求分析难句！such training can make本主题由绿豆蛙加点料于2011-3-23 10:10 加入精华收藏36分享4支持7反对0回复引用举报返回顶部。
英语四级冲刺讲义
沪江网校10年6月英语四级冲关班内部讲义——冲刺篇四级冲刺讲义听力简短对话题型归类和应试策略1．数字与计算题“数字与计算”是早年大学英语四级统考中的听力测试的最常考项目之一，常见的计算题包括时间、价格、年龄、距离、速度等。
出题形式可分为计算型、辨认型和替换型。
以加减计算题为主。
相关词汇与表达：more, less, late, early, fast, slow, ahead of schedule, delay, postpone, decrease,；bring forward, times, twice, double, a quarter, a half, the day before yesterday, by noon, half an hour例一A) $ B) $4.30 C) $ D) $W: Here is a ten-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight’s show, please.M: Sure. Two tickets and here’s a dollar forty cents change.Q: How much does one ticket cost2．职业、身份和相互关系题—这种类型的题目相对比较简单。
首先，四个选择往往是4 种不同职业或者是表示两个对话者之间关系的词。
如husband and wife, boss and secretary, librarian and student或customer andrepairman等。
选择项的特点决定了提问的内容。
了解这一点后，在听音过程中，就可以把注意力集中到一些关键词或词组上，以便作出准确判断。
其次，提问的方式比较单一固定。
常见的提问方式是：What’s the man/ womanWhat does the man/ woman doWhat’s the man’s /woman’s job/ profession/ occupation}What’s the probable relationship between the man and womanWhat’s the probable relationship between the two speakers在听音过程中，只需集中注意力听清对话，根据对话提供的有效信息，便可以比较快地作出正确选择。
2011年春学期四级辅导班专题训练(作文)
2010年春学期四级辅导班专题训练（作文）1. Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Jobs for Graduates. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1. 大学生难找工作，2. 原因很多，3. 解决的办法。
2. Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Online Chatting. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1. 网上聊天越来越流行2. 有人反对它，有人赞同。
3. 我的看法3. Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1. 大学都用考试来衡量学生的成绩2. 考生可能带来的副作用3. 我对考试的看法4.Turn off Your Mobile PhoneDirections: for this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic turn off your mobile phone. you should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1.移动电话给我们的生活带来了便利2.移动电话有时也会影响别人3.在某些场合请关掉你的手机.5. Directions: for this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic cars and air pollution. you should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1.私家轿车越来越多，有些问题随之产生2.比较明显的大问题有……3.我对这种现象的看法6. Directions:for this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic overseas study at an early age. you should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the online below:1.目前很多父母在孩子高中毕业前就送他们出国学习2.导致这种趋势的原因是什么3.我对此的看法应用文范文1、致辞：Directions: Write a speech on the opening of a conference of no less than 120 words. In your speech, you should:1.进行自我介绍，2.详细介绍大会内容，3.结束语。
CET-4 2011.11.03.作文讲义 彩色版
What will be the next topic?Letter Again?For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition 2002.1.2 Dear Mr. President,2002.6.The picture shows the changeuniversity 2003.6.2003.9.2004.6.its natural beauty and will on behalf of my travel agency, I would2005.1.Good afternoon, ladies and gentleman,2005i n u t e s t o w r i t t n o f 's d s f o l l o w i n g t h2006.6.2006.6.1999.6.haveWriting写作题型分析和介绍：根据1999年《大学英语教学大纲（修订本）》，学生应当能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料是作笔记、回答问题和写提纲，能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120~150词的短文，能写短信或便条，表达意思清楚，无重大语言错误。
《大学英语四级考试大纲及样题》详细规定了考试时间、作文长度、题目类型和写作内容：第五部分：写作。
共一题，考试时间30分钟。
要求学生写出一篇120~150词的短文。
试卷上可给出题目，或规定情景，或给出段首句要求续写，或要求看图作文，或给出关键词，要求写成短文。
要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。
写作内容包括日常生活和一般常识。
∵30 minutes 时间限制120-150 words 篇幅限制Title and Topic Sentences 范围限制∴有一定程式化倾向∴有规律可循考试作文题材：命题话题，即写作内容多为生活或社会热门话题，可重复出现，但提纲不同。
11年四级真题txt
A. has no interest B. has only one interest
C. has two interests D. has quite a few interests
10. Sue Green seems to be more interested in John's experience of ____.
C. Assembly supervisor. D. Automobile service station manager.
15. Who will also decide on the prices of products and services?
A. Airlines' flight service manager. B. Automobile service station manager.
8. John has worked in all the following places EXCEPT _____.
A. a book shop B. a paper factory C. a school D. a fast-food restaurant
9. From the conversation, we learn that John _____.
12. It can be learned from the passage that _____.
A. air journeys are quite often far from comfortable
B. air travellers usually enjoy luxury during flight
Now, listen to the passage.
2011年恩波四六级讲座内部资料
讲义Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Media Selection for AdvertisementsAfter determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home. Internet, and direct mail.TelevisionTelevision is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?You can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication.But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.Television's influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance,is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous(具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.NewspapersAfter television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually, it has increased its national circulation (发行量) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium.Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through 48 hours,meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the massage out.Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and theydevelop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.RadioAdvertising on radio continues to grow Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor bill-boards (广告牌) and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also turning 10 radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day.Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.Two major changes—satellite and Internet radio—will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.MagazinesNewsweeklies, women’s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market. magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports I llustrated, for example, you have much in common with the magazine’s other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.Advertiser using the print media-magazines and newspapers-will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.Out-of-home advertisingOut-of-home advertising,also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the ing digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly.InternetAs consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, theability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember.Internet Advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations' advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the online medium as well.Direct mailA final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client's message. Direct mail includes newsletters. postcards ,and special promotions. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers.For many businesses,direct mail is the most effective form of advertising.1. Television is an attractive advertising medium in that_____________.A) it has large audiencesB) it appeals to housewivesC) it helps build up a company's reputationD) it is affordable to most advertisers2. With the increase in the number of TV channels,_________.A) the cost of TV advertising has decreasedB) the number of TV viewers has increasedC) advertisers' interest in other media has decreasedD) the number of TV ads people can see has increasedpared with television, newspapers as an advertising medium_________________.A) earn a larger annual ad revenue B) convey more detailed messagesC) use more production techniques D) get messages out more effectively4.Advertising on radio continues to grow because ___________.A) more local radio stations have been set upB) modern technology makes it more entertainingC) it provides easy access to consumersD) it has been revolutionized by Internet radio.5.Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to___________.A) reach target audiences B) appeal to educated peopleC) attract diverse audiences D) convey all kinds of messages6.Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because_______A) billboards can be replaced within two hoursB) consumers travel more now ever beforeC) such ads have been made much more attractiveD) the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are___________.A) quick to update B) pleasant to look atC) easy to remember D) convenient to access8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences that tend to be_____________9.Direct mail is an effecitive form of advertising for businesses to develop_________________________10.This passage discusses how advertisers select________________for advertisements.。
2011年12月英语四级(CET4)真题
2011年12月英语四级真题及答案解析权威版Part I Writing完整版Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillNothing runs smoothly in our life. To achieve things successfully, a strong will is essential. Life is like a Marathon. Many people can’t get to the terminal. This is not because they are lack of vitality but because their will of success is not strong enough.To take quitting smoking as an example, some regard it as a piece of cake. They make up their minds to quit it in the morning, but in the evening they feel that the smell of cigarettes is tempting. Their throats are sore, their mouths are thirsty, and their hands are shaking. After the painful mental struggle, they tell themselves that “One cigarette is enough. Just take one, and the next day I will quit it.” By doing this, they surrender to their weak will. In the end, they have quitted smoking “a hundred times”, but in no time they succeed.Just like quitting smoking, nothing succeeds without a strong will. To be successful in one’s life, a strong will means that you know where you go and you will persist on the road you choose. Undoubtedly success belongs to those who overcome their weak will and who hang in there until the last minute.【文章点评】本文属于话题类作文，只看题目“Nothing Succeeds without a strong will”考生会觉得比较抽象，难以下手。
海天四六级写作讲义(张培 最新版)笔记
2015年大学英语四六级写作精讲班内部讲义编讲：张培（新浪微博：@张培老师）\六级作文高分必须知道的四大核心问题Q1：字数与段落要求：_________Q2：评分具体细则：_____________Q3：高分作文的标志：____________Q4：临考前如何准备：____________Part One：必背高分闪光表达1、解决问题_______________2、对某事产生影响______________3、在某事上起作用______________4、关注（重视）某事____________5、付出努力做某事______________6、采取措施做某事______________7、阐述原因（导致这个趋势/现象的原因有很多）8、对于某个现象/问题观点不同9、阐述重要性10、描述一种现象11、表达观点12、环境类表达总结13、文化教育类表达总结14、社会现象类表达总结15、现代科技类表达总结Part Two：高分写作手法特训----模仿1、It is undeniable that shopping on the Internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society.2、A host of individuals deem that a test of spoken English will do more good than harm.3、The next sight to visit is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty built more than one thousand years ago.4、although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society.5、It is widely accepted , indeed, that they have gained increasing popularity among people in all walks of life.Part Three：经典范文精读精讲-------学以致用（input-----output）Food Safety（描述现象）Over the past couple of years, several cases of the food scandal have been disclosed on various media. The problem of food security has become a hot button across society. The prevalence of food insecurity has greatly impacted public health,（※非限制性定语从句）which the government could not afford to ignore, according to the online edition of the People Daily.（阐述原因）（原因段落的首句或主题句概括句）There are a couple of driving forces, I would argue, behind this undesirable tide. First,in the course of （在什么的过程中）the rapid economic evolution（经济发展=economic growth）,(万能原因) we ignore moral education, giving rise to the rising rate of the problem. More importantly, the lack of adequate regulation and punishment on those illegal producers enforces the trend.（措施段落正面弘扬、负面抵制）As Confucius instructed（引用名言，增强文章说服力）, it is better late than never. （措施的主题句）Prompt and strict measures should be taken to turn back this evil trend（被动，在写作中可以使用主动和被动相结合）. The government should launch a massive moral campaign to educate all citizens and draw up tougher laws to crack down on打击those irresponsible corporations and prohibit them from entering the food industry again.展望I am firmly convinced that through our combined efforts we are bound to enjoy more risk-free foods in the days ahead.Uncivilized BehaviorsWe cannot fail to notice that countless uncivilized behaviors exist in our daily lives, such as spitting, talking loudly, littering, saying nasty words in public places and so forth. All these are bad manners that we should not lose sight of. As an ancient land enjoying a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years, China is witnessing a surge in improper acts that every Chinese citizen should feel ashamed of. Uncivilized behaviors by a host of Chinese both at home and abroad have seriously affected China’s image, according to an editorial posted on People Daily’s official website.As Chinese, we should not get offended when others point out our weaknesses but should focus more attention on improving ourselves. We should strive to identify the causes of those improper behaviors and find ways to eliminate them. There are a host of causes, I would argue, behind this trend. To name only one: the lack of moral education. The government should wage a massive moral campaign to fight against this trend and we ourselves should endeavor to behave decently in our daily lives. As college students of the new age, we should take the leading role.Digital AgeAs scientific technology becomes increasingly mature, a host of digital products have been incorporated into our day-to-day life, steering our way of life onto a brand-new path. Among various digitalized items, cell phones , laptop computers and the like are those that we are familiar with.It is beyond question that electronic gadgets , like everything in this world , emerge wrapped with bright and dark sides. On one hand , digital devices have hugely bettered our life in many fronts. Take a concrete example. With the help of computers, we can acquire a wealth of useful materials, enormously facilitating our studies, a scenario unimaginable in the pre-Internet days. On the other hand, they also yield adverse impacts. A growing number of young adults are hooked on online games, feeding negatively into their academic performance.A sweeping digital revolution is well under way, an irresistible trend which is supposed to be reckoned with. From my own perspective, the benefits of digital stuff outweigh their inadequacies. We are supposed to make full use of it to serve our multiple purposes and strive to minimize its unfavorable impacts on us. To put it simply , I firmly believe that if handled properly, we are bound to profit immensely from digital products.类型1：现象解释类【典例1】2011年6月四级Online Shopping1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议Giant leaps of the Internet industry have set the stage for the mushrooming of online shopping, which is gaining growing popularity for the past year or two. According to one recent survey conducted by Sina Weibo, an immensely popular microblogging service in the Middle Kingdom , close to 90 percent of respondents have once done web shopping.Undoubtedly, virtual shopping cuts both ways. To be more concrete, Internet shopping enjoys a host of benefits. To name only one: the prices of the commodities and services you desire to purchase are typically lower in online shops than that in physical ones. For all the various strengths of Internet-based shopping, the dark sides of it also exist, however. Take a concrete example. A tiny minority of merchants with evil motives use the false information to trick people into parting with credit cards and other important personal details, which cost consumers dear.From my own perspective, the rewards of Internet-based shopping outweigh its risks. Simply stated, we are supposed to make full use of its virtues to serve our purposes and do all in our power to minimize its adverse impacts on us meanwhile.【典例2】2011.06六级真题Certificate Craze范文：Certificate CrazeCurrently, it is fairly commonplace to hear news about growing interest in sitting for various certificate tests among people at all levels. Indeed, obtaining a glittering array of certifications has emerged as a golden rush. According to one recent report conducted by Sina Weibo, one of China's leading Twitter-like services, up to 70 percent of respondents are keen on acquiring certificates.People's intentions are sharply different when striving to get certificates. As far as the college students are concerned, a wealth of graduates-to-be argue that a wide variety of certifications, especially those highly recognized ones by the whole society, will enormously sharpen their competitive edge compared with their peers in the talent market. From the perspective of white-collar employees, many professional certificates will weigh heavily against the chances of getting promoted. To put it in another way, certifications are playing an increasingly prominent part when moving up the rigid social ladder.Admittedly, whether a simple certificate can truly reflect one's real capabilities is widely questionable. Simply stated, we should keep a clear head when it comes to the certificate craze. Most importantly, in my eyes, doing all in our power to hone the abilities and skills ought to be high on our agenda. Only by doing so can we stand a much better chance of staying ahead in this brutally competitive society.类型2：现象+观点论证类Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of My View on University Ranking. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 目前高校排名相当盛行2. 对于这种做法，人们看法不一3. 我认为……My View on University Ranking____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________【参考范文】My View on University RankingFor the past year or two, college ranking has become immensely prevalent across the Chinese landscape. A bewildering array of university ranking frequently emerge in various media, ranging from newspapers to magazines to educational sites. It is no exaggeration to say that college ranking has gained considerable public concern currently.This topic is on the lips of everyone, but their views are far from being equal. A host of individuals supportive of university ranking argue that it can function as an effective channel through which low-ranking universities are able to be well aware of the gap between them and first-class ones. In this case, those middle orlow-ranking institutions will strive to progress up the ranking and the overall academic level is bound to be enhanced. Plus, many college-students-would-be are capable of acquiring more useful information about their desired schools. However, other people taking a dim view of university ranking deem that restricted by a wealth of conditions, many college rankings are not objective and even positively misleading. Additionally, a handful of schools with evil intentions fabricate college ranking in efforts to lure high school graduates.To my way of thinking, we should not overrate this kind of ranking because it cannot serve as the sole criterion to appraise a certain campus. As far as the colleges and universities are concerned, they are supposed to put boosting comprehensive capabilities at the top of the agenda, say, academic fruits and teaching equipments and faculty. Only by doing so can we build first-rated universities progressively.类型:3：引言类Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four hours sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Way to Success________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________【参考范文】The Way to SuccessTo paraphrase the US former president Abraham Lincoln, a household name across the whole planet, "I will devote the first four hours to honing the axe if I am assigned a task to cut down a tree within six hours." This prominent comment, in my eyes, ought to trigger rounds of soul-searching over the long-standing issue on the way to success.Undoubtedly, each individual aspires to taste success in their life. As a matter of fact, we will encounter a wealth of top-performers as well as low-achievers. What is the fundamental difference between them? Digging into this phenomenon, we may identify that those high-achievers have made adequate preparations before embarking upon new tasks. Take Steve Jobs, a great innovator who came up with a string of products having immeasurably transformed our life. We must be acutely aware that he has dedicated a considerable amount of time and effort to preparing for the launch of new items. Therefore, the past decade has witnessed his unprecedented success that no one else can rival.From my own perspective, in an effort to get ahead, setting a well-defined objective is of crucial significance. More importantly, however, we are supposed to gear up for it sufficiently, both psychologically and physically, which can help us achieve our desired success smoothly.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a campus activity that has benefited you most. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. ( 2014年12月四级真题)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? （2014年6月四级真题）类型4：图画图表类Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________【参考范文】The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationThe advent of the Internet ushers in a new era of interpersonal communication. The picture features a compelling scene: a lovely little girl tells her father that he can gain a glimpse of what has happened at school today through her weblog. Along with the emergence of the web and a host of post-Internet products such as blogs, we are supposed to ponder the impacts they yield on interpersonal communication.Few if any would deny this most transformative invention of the 20th century has hugely boosted interpersonal interaction. To name only one: thanks to the Internet, we now can keep in touch with each other through delivering emails or sending text messages instead of posting lengthy letters in the old days, enormously enhancing the efficiency and cementing the intimate ties among people. However, we should not turn a blind eye to the adverse effects. Currently, growing numbers of folks get hooked on the web and ultimately become socially isolated. Poor social life and feeling of loneliness are not uncommon for a wealth of heavy Internet users.Admittedly, the net has fed immensely into interpersonal communication, both positively and negatively. Simply stated, what really needs to occur is to make full use of this extremely powerful tool to promote interpersonal communication and strive to reduce the unfavorable influences on us meanwhile. And I firmly believe that desirable interpersonal relationship is exceedingly rewarding for the on-going drive to build a highly civilized and more harmonious society.2012年12月四级作文Education paysA recent investigation shows the weekly earnings of people with different levels of education. Graduates with a doctoral degree receive the highest weekly wage, which is $ 1551, followed by the ones with master’s and bachelor’s degrees, whose weekly earnings are $ 1272 and $ 1038.On the other hand, graduates with no college degree, or with high school diploma or with less than high school diploma earn $712, $ 626 and $ 444 per week respectively.As we can see, graduates with higher degrees usually receive higher weekly pay. There are several factors contributing to this phenomenon.Firstly, graduates with higher degrees have acquired more knowledge and skills so that they can deal with tough tasks. What’s more, those people are better in resolving difficult problems. As a result, they are more likely to be employed by major companies when competing with their peers.Nowadays, our society is more and more in need of people with rich knowledge and strong ability. While it costs a lot to get higher degrees, education is evidently a worthy investment.。
2011最新大学英语四级模拟第4期及答案
2011最新大学英语四级模拟第4期及答案Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Getting Certificates on Campus. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.大学校园内各种证书的报考十分火热2.大学生考证的利弊3.考证面前，我的选择The Popularity of Getting Certificates on CampusPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Main Energies for the BodyA balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance of the body and therefore good health. A diet can easily be adequate for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet.CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are a rapid source of energy, they are the body's fuel. The bulk of a balanced diet should be made from carbohydrates. If eaten in an excess of the dietary requirements carbohydrates are easily stored as fats in the cells, although carbohydrate is the first source of energy in the body. An average adult requires about 12,000kJ of energy a day, most of this is supplied by the respiration of carbohydrates in the cells.Carbohydrates are used principally as a respiratory substrates, i.e. to be oxidized to release energy for active transport, macromolecule synthesis, cell division and muscle contraction. Carbohydrates are digested in the duodenum and ileum and absorbed as glucose into cells. Sources of carbohydrates such as starch are rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereals. Sugars are also carbohydrates, sources of sugars are refined sugar - sucrose, which is a food sweetener and preservative and fruit sugars - fructose. If the diet lacks carbohydrate stores of fat are mobilized and used as an energy source.ProteinsProtein is not a direct source of energy in the body, it is used primarily for growth and repair of body tissues while remaining an energy source as a last resort. Proteins fulfill a wide variety of roles in the body. They are broken down in the stomach and intestines toamino acids which are then absorbed. The body can only form 8 amino acids to build proteins from, the diet must provide Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) which are synthesized into proteins which can be structural, i.e. collagen in bone, keratin in hair, myosin and actin in muscle; metabolic enzymes, hemoglobin, protective antibodies and communicative hormones.Sources of protein include meat, fish, eggs and pulses. The diet needs to provide 8 EAAs as the body is unable to synthesis proteins without these molecules. 2 other amino acids are synthesized from EAAs so if the diet lacks the original EAAs these other two will not be present either. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine and methionine is converted to cysteine. Cells draw upon a pool of amino acids for protein synthesis which either come from dietary protein digested and absorbed in the gut and the breakdown of body protein such as muscle. However, unlike fats and carbohydrates there is no store of amino acids for cells to draw on, any amino acid in excess of immediate bodily requirements is broken down into urea and excreted. It is therefore important to maintain the dietary intake of protein everyday. If the body lacks protein, muscle wasting occurs as muscle is broken down.If protein is lacked in a diet a person develops kwashiorkor which is caused when high levels of carbohydrates are eaten to overcome the lack of protein in the diet. One symptom of kwashiorkor is the abnormal collection of fluid around the abdomen due to the lack of protein in the blood. The body cannot retain water by osmosis and fluid accumulates in tissues causing them to become waterlogged.Vitamin CategoriesVitamins cannot be synthesized by the body so must be supplied by diet. Vitamins have no common structure or function but are essential in small amounts for the body to be able to utilize other dietary components efficiently.Vitamins fall into two categories, fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K which are ingested with fatty foods and water soluble v itamins such as the B group vitamins and vitamin C. Vitamins are known as micronutrients because only small quantities are required for a healthy diet, in fact fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in high concentrations, for example the body stores vitamin A, or retinol, in the liver as it is toxic if kept in high concentrations in the blood stream, a dose of more than 3300mg of vitamin A can be considered toxic. Water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C and B groups vitamins can be excreted in the urine if in excess in the diet.Vitamins AVitamin A is essential to the proper functioning of the retina in the eye and the epithelial tissues. A lack of vitamin A results in dry, rough skin, inflammation of the eyes, a drying or scarring of the cornea - xerophthalmia, which occurs when the secretion oflubricating tears is stopped, the eyelids become swollen and sticky with pus. Mucous surfaces of the eye may become eroded allowing infection to set in, leading to ulceration and destruction of the cornea. Night blindness - an inability to see in dim light can also occur. Rod cells in the retina of the eye detect light of low intensity, they convert vit amin A into a pigment, rhodopsin, which is bleached when light enters the eye. Rod cells resynthesis rhodopsin, but if there is a deficiency of the vitamin, rod cells can no longer function and the result is night blindness. Epithelial cells use retinol to make retinoic acid, an intracellular messenger used in cell differentiation and growth. Without retinoic acid epithelial cells are not maintained properly and the body becomes susceptible to infections, particularly measles and infections of the respiratory system and gut.Xenophthalmia is common among children who's diets consist of mainly cereals with little meat or fresh vegetables, this is common in Indonesia, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines.Vitamins DVitamin D, or calciferol, is another fat soluble steroid v itamin which functions to stimulate calcium uptake from the gut and its deposition in bone. vitamin D acts as a hormone when converted by enzymes in the gut and liver into an active form of "active vitamin D", which stimulates epithelial cells in the intestine to absorb calcium. vitamin D is therefore essential in growing children's diets to enable the growth of strong bones. Without adequate amounts of vitamin D children can develop rickets, which is the deformation of the legs caused when they lack calcium to strengthen the bones. In adults a lack of vitamin D in the diet can lead to osteomalacia, a progressive softening of the bones which can make them highly susceptible to fracture.Vitamin D is made by the body when exposed to sunlight and is stored in the muscles, however, if the skin is rarely exposed to the sunlight or is dark little vitamin D is produced. Foods such as eggs and oily fish are all rich in vitamin D.Vitamins KVitamin K, phylloquinone, is found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. It is a fat soluble vitamin which is involved in the clotting process of blood. In the intestines bacteria synthesize a number of important clotting factors which need vitamin K. Without vitamin K cuts can fail to heal and internal bleeding can occur.Vitamins CVitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, known chemically as ascorbic acid. It is found in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, and also in potatoes and tomatoes. The main function of vitamin C is the formation of connective tissues such as collagen. It is also known to be an antioxidant which helps to remove toxins and aids the immune system. A lack of v itamin C leads to Scurvy, a condition experienced by sailors on long journeys whenthey did not have fruit in their diets. Scurvy causes painful, bleeding gums. As vitamin C is water soluble, it is not toxic in high doses as it can be excreted in the urine, very high doses can however cause diarrhea.Vitamins BB group vitamins have a wide range of roles acting as co-enzymes in metabolic pathways. They are found in most plant and animal tissues involved in metabolism, therefore foods such as liver, yeast and dairy products are all rich in B group vitamins. Deficiency of B group vitamins include dermatitis, fatigue and malformation of red blood cells.1. An adult needs about 12,000kJ of energy a day from ________.A. the cellB. the respiring process of carbohydratesC. fats in the cellD. a balanced diet2. Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the process of _______.A. digestionB. respirationC. oxidizationD. mobilization3. The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can be obtainedfrom______.A. stomachB. body tissuesC. the bodyD. the diet4. The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of ________.A. proteinB. carbohydratesC. vitaminsD. diet5. Vitamins are called “micronutrients” in that _________.A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urineB. the body only requires small amount of vitaminsC. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxicD. the high concentrations of water soluble vitamins are toxic6. Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of __________.A. fat soluble v itaminsB. water soluble vitaminsC. vitamin AD. innate disability7. The main function of vitamin D is to prevent adults from ________.A. the growth of strong bonesB. fractureC. a progressive softening of the bonesD. calcium uptake from the gut8. Although the human body produces vitamin D normally, it fails to do so if there is not enough ______________.9. The reason why vitamin C is seen as an antioxidant is that it drives__________ out of the body.10. If you are in lack of B group vitamins, you should turn to _______________. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He thinks he’s very organized.B) He doesn’t want to join the display.C) He doesn’t think he should lead the study group.D) He knows someone who can lead the study group.12. A) He doesn’t know where his brother keeps his computer.B) The woman should buy a used computer.C) He doesn’t know how much computers cost.D) His brother paid too much for the computer.13. A) It’s been to warm to wear the jacket.B) The jacket is too big for him.C) He doesn’t like cold weather.D) He didn’t buy the jacket until cooler weather arrived.14. A) He started the semester in a bad mood.B) He’s not usually bad-tempered.C) He has few responsibilities.D) He doesn’t like the man.15. A) He forgot to cancel the reservation.B) They can go to the restaurant after the woman has finished working.C) He has to work late tonight.D) They don’t have a reservation at the restaurant.16. A) Use bleach on his socks.B) Buy new white socks.C) Wash his red T-shirt again.D) Throw away his pink socks.17. A) He isn’t satisfied with his progress.B) He wants to move up more quickly than he’s presently doing.C) He has advance quickly enough in his career.D) He feels frustrated as he tries to move up the ladder.18. A) Try on a smaller sweater.B) Look for another style at a different store.C) Give the sweater away as a gift.D) Exchange the sweater for a bigger one.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) She's unable to attend the study session.B) She has seen a doctor recently.C) She's concerned about medical care.D) She mentions the need for some medical tests.20. A) To improve the study skills of university students.B) To suggest changes in the student government.C) To give people the opportunity to speak with a politician.D) To discuss graduation requirements for political science majors.21. A) Graduate school application procedures.B) Funding for university education.C) Winning the confidence of voters.D) Preparing for an important test.22. A) Tell her what to study for the history test.B) Write a favorable letter of recommendation.C) Advise her about how to run an election campaign.D) Suggest a topic for a research paper.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Boston schools.B) Frontier life.C) Teaching requirements.D) Immigration patterns.24. A) She was a famous author.B) Her family later became famous landowners.C) She exemplifies the immigrant spirit.D) She invented some labor-saving farm equipment.25. A) To the library.B) To the movies.C) To a bookstore.D) To a travel bureau.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) They were drawing pictures. B) They were watching TV.C) They were making a telephone call. D) They were tidying up the drawing room.27. A) They locked the couple up in the drawing room.B) They seriously injured the owners of the house.C) They smashed the TV set and the telephone.D) They took away sixteen valuable paintings.28. A) He accused them of the theft.B) He raised the rents.C) He refused to prolong their land lease.D) He forced them to abandon their traditions.29. A) They wanted to protect the farmers’ interests.B) They wanted to extend the reservation area for birds.C) They wanted to steal his valuable paintings.D) They wanted to drive him away from the island.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Through food. B) Through air.C) Through insects. D) Through body fluids.31. A) They ran a high fever. B) They died from excessive bleeding.C) Their nervous system was damaged. D) They suffered from heart-attack.32. A) To see what happened to the survivors of the outbreak.B) To study animals that can also get infected with the disease.C) To find out where the virus originates.D) To look for the plants that could cure the disease.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) To determine whether the Earth’s temperature is going up.B) To study the behavior of some sea animals.C) To measure the depths of the ocean.D) To measure the movement of waves in the ocean.34. A) They were frightened and distressed.B) They swam away when the speaker was turned on.C) They swam closer to “examine” the speaker when it was turned off.D) They didn’t seem to be frightened and kept swimming near the speaker.35. A) To attract more sea animals to the testing site.B) To drive dangerous sea animals away from the testing site.C) To help trace the sea animals being tested.D) To determine how sea animals communicate with each other.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the __47__ mind. Dreaming of something you’re worried about, researchers say, is the brain’s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giv ing a presentation at work or play ing sports, can enhance your __48__. And cognitive neuroscientists have discovered that dreams and the rapid eye movement (REM) that happens while you’re dreaming are __49__ to our ability to learn and rem ember. Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,” says Rosalind Cartwright, PhD, chairman of the psychology __50__ at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She’s found that dreams help people work through the day’s emotional quandaries. “It’s like having a built-in therapist,” says Cartwright. While we sleep, dreams __51__ new emotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones. As she puts it, “You may wake up and think, What was Uncle Harry doing in m y dream? I haven’t seen him for 50 years. But the old and new images are __52__ related.” It’s the job of the conscious mindto figure out the relationship. In fact, dream emotions can help real therapists treat patients __53__ traumatic (创伤的) life events. In a new study of 30 recently __54__ adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a five-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. “If their dreams were bland,” Cartwright says, “they hadn’t started to work through their emotions and __55__ with the divorce.” For therapists, this finding will help __56__ whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.A. dealB. physicallyC. wakeD. performanceE. makingF. undergoingG. experienceH. divorcedI. determineJ. compareK. departmentL. consciousM. presentationN. linkedO. emotionallySection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper (给…换尿布) their firstborn son. “You do not have to be unhappy about it,” she protested. “You can talk to him and smile a little.” The father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, “He has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.”Psychologist now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, theseexperts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the truth. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry (模糊的) shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn’t. He shut out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting his face. He is a glutton for novelty. He prefers animate things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.When a more nine minutes out, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he’s twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony (同时发生) to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.57. The author points out that the father diapering his first-born son was wrong because________.A) he believed the baby was not able to hear himB) he thought the baby didn’t have the power of speec hC) he was a psychologist unworthy of his professionD) he thought the baby was not capable of any response58. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A) A new infant can see only blurry shadows.B) A new infant’s senses are u ndevelopedC) All a new infant requires is nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.D) A new infant is actually able to influence his or her environment59. What does the sentence “He is a glutton for novelty” probably mean?A) The newborn is greedy for new food.B) The newborn tends to overeat.C) The newborn always loves things that are new to him.D) The newborn’s appetite is a constant topic in novels.60. According to the passage, it’s groundless to think that newbornsprefer________.A) a human face to a head-shaped outlineB) animate things to inanimate onesC) human voice to non-human soundsD) nourishment to a warm bassinet61. What is the passage mainly discussing about?A) What people know about newborns.B) How wrong parents are when they handle their babies.C) How much newborns have progressed in about a decade’s time.D) Why the first month of life is the most significant four weeks in a lifetime.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Mobile office is the mutual product of economic，scientific，and social progress.Mobile office has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. Using mobile office and WAP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime, can send and receive data via terminals such as mobile phone, and palm computer, and can surf the Internet.When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business，what would happen to your business routine?Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carry ing relevant documents, what can you do?Maybe you have to say “sorry” to the clients. But, your business will be affected，the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay，and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office “move” with you. With the development of communications technology, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better workingenvironment, and users’ liv ing standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises’ production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答62. According to the passage, mobile office help you with the following except ________ .A) keeping update with the latest newsB) checking e-mails any time one wantsC) conducting internet surfingD) finding o ne’s true love in life63. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph?A) You would lose a lot of business opportunities if you always delay your work.B) You should read and reply faxes and e-mail timely.C) When you leave your office your business routine might be damaged.D) When you cannot meet the need of your clients you should immediately say sorry.64. When you let your office “move” with you, you __________ .A) will never let your clients downB) yo u don’t have to stay at office anymoreC) you then find the best way to handle your business anywhere anytimeD) you no longer face the dilemma between work and life65. It can be inferred from the passage that __________ .A) mobile office communication is very cost-consumingB) with the development of science, mobile office has eventually come to our lifeC) people had no convenient and reliable communications and office faculty beforeD) economic factors are essential in the operation of mobile office66. According to the author, mobile office _________ .A) would help achieve complete communication mobilityB) is too expensive to afford by small companiesC) has some fatal defects impossible to modifyD) is too complicated to operate in everyday businessPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choosethe ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work, they have to read all kinds of materials. In _67_a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend _68_can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are _69_readers.Most of us develop poor reading _70_at an early age, and never get over them.The main deficiency _71_in the actual component of language itself-words. Take individually, words have _72_meaning until they are put together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs._73_, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often turning back to _74_words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over _75_you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which _76_down the speed of reading is vocalization-sounding each word wither orally or mentally when a _77_reads.To overcome these bad habits some reading clinics use a device called an _78_, which moves a bar (or a curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate _79_the r eader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, _80_word-by-word reading, regression and vocalization, practically impossible.At first _81_is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, _82_your comprehension will improve.Many people, business managers, executives and engineers, have found_83_reading skill improved dramatically after some training. _84_John Muir, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 182 words a minute_85_the training, now it is an excellent 1, 378 words a minute. He is delighted that now he can _86_a lot more reading.67. A) apply ing B) doingC) offering D) getting68. A) quickly B) easilyC) roughly D) decidedly69. A) good B) curiousC) poor D) urgent70. A) training B) habitsC) situations D) custom71. A) lies B) combines。
最新 2011大学英语四级考试：语法复习指导01-精品
2011大学英语四级考试：语法复习指
导01
第一部分、语法讲义
2003年6月的四级考试题型变革，把长期以来作为重点考查的语法减至一题。
非谓语动词、虚拟语气、关系代词、时态语态等等这些长期以来考点已经被打入冷宫。
之后的考试语法题基本消失。
我们在配置自己的有限备考时间也应有所调整。
语法之于学习的重要性实际上并没有如何降低，在语言知识运用(完形填空等)、作文、阅读长难句分析方面起到的作用是不可替代的。
因此我们要抓住复习的重点，集中突破在各个题型最容易出问题的语法点。
该部分将主要结合阅读理解长难句分析来快速掌握语法的精髓。
很多时候，我们准确定位之后，由于和问题相关的句子长、难，造成最终理解错误而选错答案，这非常可惜，连前面定位的时间都浪费了。
能否快速有效的抓住定位句子的主干大意和次要细节实际已经成为阅读分数高低的一个关键问题。
第一节、解决四级英语长难句的意义
1、阅读，抓不住句子重点，在一个句子上浪费太多时间。
最后根据不完整的理解，碰运气乱猜答案。
2、翻译，提笔不知从哪里下手;胡乱写几行，卷面乱，不知所云，影响印象分。
(一)长难句到底难在哪里? --几句废话般的常识。
1)结构复杂，逻辑层次多;
2)单词意思常需根据上下文判断;
3)代词的指代关系复杂;
4)并列成分多;
5)修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;
6)习惯搭配。
注：以上情况有可能单独出现，更多是“团伙作案”。
2011四级
7. L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。
The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be _5_ by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.
In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.
2011年6月英语四级完整版答案及解析
2011年6⽉英语四级完整版答案及解析 Part I Writing 标准版 Doing Shopping Online With the development of the Internet, shopping is no longer a tiring thing. Just click your mouse to choose the articles you like, and the purchase is done. You don't even have to step out of the room. It seems all easy and quick. However, people's opinions vary on this trend. Some believe that on line shopping is time and money saving. With plentiful selection options, they can buy whatever they like at any time convenient. Still others insist that mis-purchasing alone is annoying enough, not to mention the credibility of the sellers and the safety of their accounts. In my opinion, the convenience and excitement of on line shopping is beyond all doubts. In the meantime, we must always bear in mind that certain traps do exist, so we'd better make sure the sellers are trustworthy before buying. In addition, we should also guard ourselves from the potential hackers who might steal our account information. ⽂章点评： 这是⼀篇“中等偏上”的学⽣作⽂。
2011年6月四级真题精讲讲义
2011年6月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3. 我的建议Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning ) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] . For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong’s smarte st British restaurants, Alfie’s by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say.“The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England,”the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realize that cooking —and eating—didn’t have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal’s molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish.“It’s no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he know s about food,”Tomes says.There was plenty ofroom for improvement. The problems with the nation’s cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much ofBritain’s food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给) .“As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food,”Tomes says.“And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens.”They weren’t looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they wer e looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritization of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with foo d that couldn’t compete with neighboring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital’s culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening ofAlfie’s in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong.“With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up,”says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai.“Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes.”Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp.“We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird’s Custard Powder,”Tamlyn says.“Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, suga r and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that.”Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes.“There are a lot of existing perception s about British food and so we can’t alter these too much.We’re a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged.”These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie’s, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the mo st gentlemen’s club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地).“Britain has started to become really proud of the food it’s producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high- quality meats.”However, the British don’t have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients.“We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK,” Tamlyn explains.“But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples.”The Phoenix, in Mid- Levels, o f ers the widest interpretation of“British cuisine”, while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets.“We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn’t perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish.”Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and“mixing it up”is not something co mmonly done inBritain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and o f er individual plates for each diner.“That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like,”Hill sa ys.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆) , Tamlyn says.“Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them.”Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的) to me ss with, however, Tomes says.“I’d never change a full English breakfast.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答； 8-10 题在答题卡 1 上.1． What is British food generally known for?[A] Its unique flavour. [C] Its special cooking methods.[B] Its bad taste. [D] Its organic ingredients.2． The Second World War led to ______ in Britain.[A] an inadequate supply of food [C] an increase in food import[B] a decrease of grain production [D] a change in people’s eating habits3．Why couldn’t Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in th e post-war decades?[A] Its food lacked variety. [C] It was short of well-trained chefs.[B] Its people cared more for quantity. [D] It didn’t have flavou rful food ingredients. 4．With culinary improvement in recent years, London’s restaurants are now able to appeal t o the tastes of ______.[A] most young people [C] all kinds of overseas visitors[B] elderly British diners [D] upper-class customers5． What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?[A] Authentic classic cuisine. [C] New ideas and presentations.[B] Locally produced ingredients. [D] The return of home-style dishes.6． While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ______.[A] benefit people’s health [C] be offered at reasonable prices[B] look beautiful and inviting [D] maintain British traditional tastes7． Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?[A] They appeal to people from all over the world.[B] They are produced on excellent organic farms.[C] They are processed in a scientific way.[D] They come in a great variety.8． Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from _____________________________________________.9． The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ______________________________.10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to __________________________________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.11. [A] He is careless about his appearance. [C] He changes jobs frequently.[B] He is ashamed of his present condition. [D] He shaves every other day.12. [A] Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.[B] Jane should have started a little earlier.[C] He knows what sort of person Jane is.[D] He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. [A] Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.[B] Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.[C] Collecting information about baseball games.[D] Analyzing their riva ls’on -field performance.14. [A] He had a narrow escape in a car accident.[B] He is hospitalized for a serious injury.[C] He lost his mother two weeks ago.[D] He has been having a hard time.15. [A] The woman has known the speaker for a long time.[B] The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.[C] The man is making a fuss about nothing.[D] The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. [A] He has difficulty making sense of logic.[B] Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.[C] The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.[D] Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. [A] Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill’s.[B] Jill missed her class last week.[C] Jill wore the overcoat last week.[D] She is in the same class as the man.18. [A] A computer game.[B] An imaginary situation.[C] An exciting experience.[D] A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] Beautiful scenery in the countryside.[B] Dangers of cross-country skiing.[C] Pain and pleasure in sports.[D] A sport he participates in.20. [A] He can’t find good examples to illustrate his point.[B] He can’t find a peaceful place to do the assignment.[C] He doesn’t know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.[D] He can’t decide whether to include the effort part of skiin g.21. [A] New ideas come up as you write.[B] Much time is spent on collecting data.[C] A lot of effort is made in vain.[D] The writer’s point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. [A] Journalist of a local newspaper.[B] Director of evening radio programs.[C] Producer of television commercials.[D] Hostess of the weekly“Business World”.23. [A] He ran three restaurants with his wife’s help.[B] He and his wife did everything by themselves.[C] He worked both as a cook and a waiter.[D] He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. [A] He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.[B] He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.[C] He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.[D] He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. [A] The restaurant location.[B] The restaurant atmosphere.[C] The food variety.[D] The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Its protection is often neglected by children.[B] It cannot be fully restored once damaged.[C] There are many false notions about it.[D] There are various ways to protect it.27. [A] It may make the wearer feel tired.[B] It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.[C] It can lead to the loss of vision in children.[D] It can permanently change the eye structure.28. [A] It can never be done even with high technology.[B] It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.[C] It is a major achievement in eye surgery.[D] It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] They think they should follow the current trend.[B] Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.[C] Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.[D] They have jobs and other commitments.30. [A] They don’t want to use up all their life savings.[B] They fear they will regret it afterwards.[C] They would like to spend more time with them.[D] They don’t want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. [A] Provide professional standard care.[B] Be affectionate and cooperative.[C] Be frank and seek help from others.[D] Make full use of community facilities.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A] Health and safety conditions in the workplace.[B] Rights and responsibilities of company employees.[C] Common complaints made by office workers.[D] Conflicts between labor and management.33. [A] Replace its out-dated equipment.[B] Improve the welfare of affected workers.[C] Follow government regulations strictly.[D] Provide extra health compensation.34. [A] They requested to transfer to a safer department.[B] They quit work to protect their unborn babies.[C] They sought help from union representatives.[D] They wanted to work shorter hours.35. [A] To show how they love winter sports.[B] To attract the attention from the media.[C] To protest against the poor working conditions.[D] To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题在答题卡 2 上；请在答题卡 2 上作答.Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts (宇航员) somedaymay (36) _____________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37) _____________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38) _____________.Although no form of matter yet (39) _____________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40) _____________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41) _____________ causes a traveler’s time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42) _____________ this in 1905, when he (43) _____________the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44) _______________________________________________________.An obsession (沉迷) with time—saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it — (45) ____________________________________________________. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein ( 46 ) _____________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time’s relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a (n) 48 effect on their brai n’s performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said.“The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.“It’s 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That’s 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.[A] alert [I] formally[B] associated[C] attracting[D] cling[E] continuing[F] definitely[G] different[H] efficiently [J] function [K] mixed [L] negative [M] sufficient [N] tend [O] youngerSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye—the only black student on his freshman year floor—said that“if you’re surrounded by whites, you have something to prov e.”Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely astwo white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings.“This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race,”she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.“One ofthe great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly,” said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley.“This is the definition of integration.”“I’ve experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes,” said one Penn resident advisor (RA) . The RA of two years added that while some conflicts“provided more mu lticultural acceptance a nd melding (融合) ,”there were also“jarring cultural confrontations.”The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?[A] Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.[B] Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.[C] Interracial lodging does more harm than good.[D] Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye’s remark mea n?[A] White students tend to look down upon their black peers.[B] Black students can compete with their white peers academically.[C] Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.[D] Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indiana University study show?[A] Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.[B] Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.[C] Roommates of different races just don’t get along.[D] Assigning students’lodging randomly i s not a good polic y.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the“definition of integration”?[A] Students of different races are required to share a room.[B] Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.[C] Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.[D] The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?[A] It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.[B] Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.[C] Students’racial backgroun d should be considered before lodging is assigned.[D] Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum’s report was“a methodological embarrassment”because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development invulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change an disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的) .”However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?[A] Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.[B] Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.[C] Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.[D] Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum’s report from the passage?[A] It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.[B] It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.[C] It was warmly received by environmentalists.[D] It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum’s report?[A] Its statistics look embarrassing.[B] It is invalid in terms of methodology.[C] It deserves our closest attention.[D] Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen’s view of the report?[A] Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.[B] It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.[C] It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.[D] Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?[A] How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.[B] How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.[C] How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.[D] How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.。
春考冲刺讲义教师版
精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义disorder-kitchen rage.1. A. breakthroughs B. findings C. events D. incidents2. A. expanded B. extended C. enlarged D. enriched3. A. being B. becoming C. carrying D. coming4. A. schedules B. plans C. predicts D. designs5. A. directly B. instantly C. precisely D.6. A. thinking B. hearing C. sight D. feeling7. A. program B. production C. experiment D. integration8. A. finally B. ultimately C. utterly D. absolutely9. A. Through B. Though C. During D. By10. A. forecasts B. articles C. stories D. meetings11. A. advisable B. affordable C. available D. valuable12. A. solve B. arose C. exercise D. expect13. A. confront B. cause C. witness D. collect14. A. lovely . distinguish-B. likelyB. differC. lifelikeC. diagnoseD. livelyD. deviate【答案】1-5ABDCA 6-10DDBAA 11-15CDBCA【分析】1.下文discoveries to take place，和第三段开头breakthrough可知答案A2.由life expectancy可知答案Binto use,开始被使用可知答案D4.由第二段latest dates we can expect hundreds of....和第四段breakthroughs that can be predicted. 可知答案C5.由后文computers could pick up how we feel 可知it’s linking to our nervous system directly 答案A6.由后文sensory environments可知答案D7.由后文process of integration可知答案D8.由句意可知是最终导致了一个结果可知答案B,finally表示先后顺序时通常放在句首。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
完型专项特训篇解题秘笈：―黄金‖五原则①逻辑关联原则②语义限定原则③语法约束原则④语段复现原则⑤选项淘汰原则实战演练：TEST 1Universities are institutions that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels. They also carry out research work aimed 67 extending man's knowledge of these subjects. The emphasis given to each of these functions 68 from university to university, according to the views of the people in 69 and according to the resources available. The smaller and newer universities do not 70 the staff or equipment to carry out the 71 research projects possible in larger institutions. 72 most experts agree that some research activity is 73 to keep the staff and their students in 74 with the latest developments in their subjects.Most students attend a university mainly to 75 the knowledge needed for their chosen 76. Educationists believe that this aim should not be the 77 one. Universities have always aimed to produce men and women 78 judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge. For this reason, they 79 students to meet others with differing 80 and to read widely to 81 their understanding in many fields of study. 82 a secondary school course, a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own 83. He should be prepared to 84 sacrifices to study his chosen 85 in depth. He should have an ambition to make some 86 contribution to man's knowledge.TEST 2One factor that can influence consumers is their mood state. Mood may be defined 67 a temporary and mild positive or negative feeling that is generalized and not tied 68 any particular circumstance. Moods should be 69 from emotions which are usually more intense, 70 to specific circumstances, and often conscious. 71 one sense, the effect of a consumer’s mood can be thought of in 72 the same way as can our reactions to the 73 of our friends—when our friends are happy and ―up‖, that trends to influence us positively, 74 when they are ―down‖, th at can have a 75 impact on us. Similarly, consumers operating under a 76 mood state tend to react to stimuli (刺激因素) in a direction 77 with that mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect to see 78 in a positive mood state evaluate products in more of a 79 manner than they would when not in such a state. 80, mood states appear capable of 81 a consumer’s memory.Moods appear to be 82 influenced by marketing techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and 83 of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the 84 of time spent in supermarkets or 85 to purchase products. In addition, advertising can influence consumers’ moods which, in 86, are capable of influencing consumer’ reactions to products.翻译分册(掌握)一. 题型概述，知己知彼在四级新题型的考试中，翻译部分所占的比重是5%。
由5个句子组成，要求考生将5个句子由中文翻译成英文，基本上考查短语、句型，而并非整句的翻译本题型考查的重点主要在于英文的常用表达以及基本语法、短语的内容二．翻译备考，方法为先1. 在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。
例：(为了挣钱供我上学)______________________, mother often takes on more work2. 绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尤其是2000年以后的题目，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点，并做好笔记，随时随地复习。
例1：The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper. （2004年1月四级词汇题）例2：He gave a pledge to handle the affairs in a friendly manner . （2005年6月四级词汇题）例3：You will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger （2006年1月四级词汇题）3. 多背搭配，尤其是要以名词为中心，多背名词与动词、形容词等搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。
同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得。
4. 强化重点语法知识。
如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。
5. 深度分析已考翻译试题，对考点的类型进行全面而细致的归类，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。
一、最新真题详解1、You would not have failed if you __________________________(按照我的指令去做).2、Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ______________(放弃对知识的追求).3、Scientists agree that it will be a long time ______________(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).4、Production has to be increased considerably to __________________(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).5、The more exercise you take,________________________(你越不大可能得感冒).二、精选真题考点剖析：1、Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _______________ (找到去历史博物馆的路).2、______________________(为了挣钱供我上学)，Mother often takes on more work3、The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告) by Wednesday.4、Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.5、Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to ________ (适应不同文化中的生活).6、The victim ________ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time7、The nation’s population continues to rise ________ (以每年1200万人的速度).8、The finding of this study failed to ________________________ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)9、The prevent and treatment of AIDS is ________________________ (我们可以合作的领域)10、Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________________________ (决定退出比赛)11、To make donations or for more information, please ________________________ (按以下地址和我们联系)12、Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ________________________ (如果你方便的话).13、Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research (能应用于新技术的开发).14、I can’t boot my computer now. Something(一定出了毛病) with its operation system.15、Leaving one’s job,(不管是什么工作)，is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.16、(与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting.17、.We can say a lot of things about those ____________________________(毕生致力于诗歌的人): they are passionate, impulsive, and unique.18、Mary couldn’t have received my letter, ___________________________(否则她上周就该回信了).19、Nancy is supposed to ____________________(做完化学实验) at least two weeks ago.20、Never once __________________________________(老两口互相争吵) since they were married 40 years ago.21、_________________________________(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于) the quality of education of its people.三、核心考点强化练习1、He ________________________(一定已经很熟悉这地方)，or he couldn’t know everyone’s name and families here on his first day of arriving .2、He regretted ______________________________(责怪那个孩子) losing his tools for car-meding3、Having studied the map carefully for two days , I have no trouble ____________________（找到去地铁站的路）4、Sam is always dreaming of ______________________(被派到国外去主管生意)5、I should say Henry is ___________________（与其说是个小说家不如说是）as a reporter .6、Even experienced interpreters admit it is not easy to _____________________（习惯讲英语人士的不同口音）7、Nowadays, most parents are quite worried that _________________________(没有什么比玩电脑游戏对孩子更有吸引力)8、Hardly _______________________（他几乎不能忍受任何责备）especially when he is wronged9、Cancer is ______________________（仅次于心脏病）as a cause of death10、Until now , inflation has always ____________________（与薪金增长保持同步）11、The executive power of the staff ____________________（有很强的影响）the enterprise’s performance .12、I suggested he _________________（使自己适应）his new working conditions and life there .13、In no case ___________________（你可以完全依靠别人来解决）your own problems .14、____________________________(下定决心参加志愿者服务)even though she’s already in her 70s .15、The top high school in America charges __________________（是一家普通学校收费的两倍还多）。