2014暑假班高三学案--M4U3

2014步步升教育暑假班学案--M4U3
★段落翻译Our English teacher is always employing amusing ways to direct us to learn English, which is astonishing.. So far, he has convinced us of the importance of English learning, so are willing to read any material he picks out for us. When we feel bored with life, he is always telling us that we should be content with what we have owned. When we are faced with difficulties, he always inspire s us to memorize that one who is badly-off in mind is the worst-off.
句子翻译
1警察奉命搜查这栋大楼。

directed
2他们最终相信了实验结果。

were convinced of
3玛丽花了很长时间才从那家商店挑了一件漂亮衣服。

4那位富人厌倦了城市生活，因而他愿意生活在乡下。

5我们不应该抱怨我们太贫穷，因为有很多家庭比我们更穷。

complain about
★高频短语
1．________________ 幸亏；由于；因为2．________________ 摆脱；除去
3．________________ 对……感到满意4．________________ 宁愿；宁可
5．________________ 逐渐增强；建立；开发6．________________ 导致；造成(后果)
7．________________ 集中(注意力、精力等)于8．________________ 盛产
9．________________ 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
10．________________ 选择……(而不是……)
1.thanks to
2.rid...of
3.be satisfied with
4.would rather
5.build up
6.lead to
7.focus on
8.be rich in
9.keep...free from/of10.prefer...to...
★重点句式
1．________________，what did you do to grow them?如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？
2．Dr.Yuan Longping grows________________super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为―超级杂交水稻‖的稻种。

3．This special strain of rice________________possible________________one-third more of the crop in the same fields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。

4．Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests____________________.
用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。

5．Over the past half century，using chemical fertilizers__________________in farming.
在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。

6．He__________much__________keep time for his hobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。

1.If so
2.what is called
3.makes it；to produce
4.twice as large as before
5.has become very common
6.would；rather
★知识详解
★.direct vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；直接的；直率的(回归课本P18)Charlie Chaplin wrote，directed and produced the films he starred in.查理·卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。

①The judge directed that the child should be taken good care of by his mother.法官判决孩子应由其母亲好好照看。

②At the sound of the gun，the birds flew in all directions.听到枪声，鸟儿四处飞去。

④Directly the teacher came in，everyone was quiet.老师一进来大家都静了下来。

direct.adv.直接地，不停顿地（空间，距离），具体意义directly.adv.直接地，抽象意义，着重指对事物的直接影响，不着重实际影响；也指时间，意为“立即，马上”．highly, closely , deeply, widely, lately, nearly, hardly
☆完成句子(1)虽然这只是一个小小的改进，但至少是朝着正确的方向迈出的一步。

It’s only a small improvement but at least it’s a step ________ ________ ________ ________.
(2)我喜欢和任何坦诚直爽的人交朋友。

I like to make friends with anyone who ________ ________ ________ ________.
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★.astonish vt.使惊诧(回归课本P18)You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.你可能会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。

①(牛津P105)It astonishes me that he could be so thoughtless.我真没有料到他会如此轻率。

②It wa s quite astonishing that they didn’t go to church tonight.令人感到惊讶的是他们今天晚上没有去教堂做礼拜。

③To our great astonishment，the boss wasn’t astonished at the astonishing news at all.
使我们非常吃惊的是，老板对这个令人吃惊的消息一点也不吃惊。

2．用astonish；astonishment；astonishing填空：
(1)Much to our__________，the lazy boy won the contest. (2)We were__________to hear of her sudden death.
(3)China is developing at an__________speed，and will soon be one of the most powerful countries in the world.
4..You may feel it that such a little girl can speak three foreign languages fluently in this small town.
A. astonishing
B. astonished
C.to astonish
D.being astonished
5. My wife them as honoured guests.
A.entertained
B. astonished
C.encouraged
D.amused
6.To our ______, the boss wasn’t ____ at the _____ news at all.
A.astonishment, astonish, astonished
B.astonishment, astonished, astonishing
C.astonish, astonished, astonishing
D.astonishment, astonishing, astonished
辨析：surprise惊讶，叫人诧异，出乎意料，是此意最常用的词，意思较弱．
astonish使大吃一惊=surprise greatly amaze使惊奇，令人惊鄂，含惊叹，佩服之意
shock使震惊（给人打击的事）
★Up to now ==so far ,until now 常用于现在完成时
Up to now, the work has been quite smooth. 到目前为止,工作很顺利。

Up to now, everything has been successful . ★.convince v使确信(信服)(回归课本P18)The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!令人心悦诚服的表演使你相信这是他吃过的最可口的饭菜！
①(牛津P438)I’ve been trying to convince him to see a doctor.我一直劝他去看病。

②You need to convince your interviewer of your ability to master the work.
你需要让你的面试官相信你有驾驭这份工作的能力。

短语convince sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
be convinced of 确信…convince sb. that 使某人确信…… persuade
1.The lawyer finally ______ court ______ their crime by showing a lot of evidences.
A. convinced; of
B. convinced; by
C. convincing; by
D. convincing; of
2．Scientists are convinced ________ the positive effect of laughter ________ physical and mental health.
A．of；at B．by；in C．of；on D．on；at
★.pick out挑出；辨别出(回归课本P18)Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.
查理首先挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面一样。

①(牛津P1492)She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.她从大批的求职者中被选中承担这项工作。

② (上海高考)He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
他在巴黎出差时顺便学会了一些法语。

④You’ll soon pick up health when you get to the seaside.到了海滨，你就会很快地恢复健康。

1.—Here is a photo of my family taken 10 years ago.Can you my brother？—The boy in yellow，I guess.
A.pick up
B.pick out
C.take in
D.take up
2．It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ________ my friend.
A．turn out B．bring out C．call out D．pick out
turn out－appear出现，露面；bring out－cause sth.to appear，publish sth.使显出，出版；call out－shout，cry大声叫喊，大声说出；pick out－distinguish sb./sth.from surrounding people or things分辨出某人(某物)。

★.content adj.满足的；满意的n．内容，目录，容量；满足vt.使满足(回归课本P18)He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed，so they could feel more content with their lives.
在感到沮丧的时候，他可以使他们开怀大笑，于是人们就对自己的生活感到比较满足。

①(朗文P433)I am content with my job，my home，and my family.我对我的工作，住所和家庭都非常满意。

② (朗文)I was no longer satisfied with the life that had once contented me.我已不再满足于曾经使我满足的生活了。

③She dropped her purse and the contents fell out on the floor.她的皮包掉了，里面的东西散落在地板上。

1)He got a new job in a restaurant and he _____ it.
A.is content to
B.is content with
C.contents
D.satisfies
be content with sb/sth对．．满足，对．．感到满意= be satisfied with sb/sth
2)That rich woman is tired of city life, so she _____live in the country.
A.is content to
B.is content with
C.contents
D.satisfies be content to do sth愿意做某事
3)I like the style of the book, but I don’t like the _____.
A.content
B.contents
C.contented
D.contenting
4).Those who are not with the progress they have made will make greater success.
A.proud
B.afraid
C.popular
D.content
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★However, some actors can astonish us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they
are play.(改错) inspire sb with sth使某人产生某种感情; 激发某=inspire sth in/into sb人的某种感情
Her work didn’t inspire me _____ self-confidence.A.with B.to C. in D. on
★.badly off穷的；缺少的(回归课本P18)Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.不幸的是他父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加贫困，因此查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟弟中度过的。

①We aren’t too badly off but we can’t afford a house like that.我们并不是一文不名，但我们负担不起那样的房子。

②I’ve got quite a big room so I’m not too badly off.我有一间蛮大的屋子，所以住得还不坏。

③The school is rather badly off for books and equipment.这所学校相当缺乏书和设备。

④To make matters worse/What’s worse，it began to rain while we were marching.使事情更糟的是，在我们行进过程中，天下起了雨。

be badly off情况不好，拮据，贫穷be well off情况很好，富裕
a well-off family 小康之家live/lead/have a better-off life过上小康生活
1．—How are the things in your village?
—Modern farming methods have been brought in and the villagers are________now than before.
A．well off B．better off C．badly off D．worse off
2)Perhaps it makes us feel more content with our life because we feel there is someone else_____ than themselves.A.bad off B.badly off C.well off D.worse off
be worse /better off 是be badly/well off 比较级
3)We shouldn’t complain about being poor----many families are much ________ than we are.
A.worse off
B.badly off
C.well off
D.better off
由于生意的失败，他们的生活每况愈下．
Because of the failure of their business, their life went from bad to worse/their life became worse and worse.go from bad to worse越来越坏，每况愈下=worse and worse(比较级and比较级)
４）更糟糕的是，我的安慰使他更伤心了．
To make matters /things worse, my comfort made him even sadder.
What’s worse, my comfort made him even sadder.
to make matters/things worse更糟糕的是＝what’s worse
５）更糟糕的是，他拒绝道歉．What’s worse, he refused to apologize
To make matters /things worse, he refused to apologize.
M4 Unit 2 Grammar The use of the v-ing form As the subject & Object
1. –ing used as Subject(主语)
1) 动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作,谓语动词用单数
Seeing is believing．Talking is easier than doing.
比较：Walking is a good form of exercise for the old.
It is not good for you to smoke so much today.
表示一般性、经常性的动作多用v-ing表示一次性动作多用不定式。

It is no good wasting time. It is no use talking to her. It is a waste of time doing it.
It is a waste of money buying such a thing. It is useless telephoning him, he is not willing to come.
It is worth \worthwhile making an effort.
2) 动词-ing形式作主语,有时在句中使用形式主语it结构:It is +n./adj.+ v-ing.常见的n./adj.有:
no u se, no good, a waste of time, a great pleasure, fun…; worth, worthwhile, useless, 等
3) ―There be no‖后可以用动词-ing作主语,表示―没法… …‖意思相当于―It is impossible to do… ‖
There is no hiding of evil but not to do it．若要人不知，除非己莫为。

There was no knowing when he would leave.
2. –ing used as Object(宾语) 判断下列两个例句中V-ing作什么词的宾语?
I look forward to seeing you again. I enjoy learning English.
1.做介词宾语的,可记住一些短语,靠平时积累,但注意下面两点:
1)省略了介词的结构：have a hard time (in) doing 费了很大劲做……spend ... (in) doing 花费……做
have difficulty / trouble (in) doing做……有困难stop / prevent ... (from) doing 阻止……做
waste time (in) doing 浪费时间做be busy (in) doing 忙于做
2) to为介词,不是不定式标志的短语有：look forward to, be (get) used to（习惯于）, devote ... to ..., lead to, refer
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to, get down to, pay attention to, prefer ... to ... , stick to 等
作动词宾语①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand, excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk 等。

如：我不能不去。

I can’t avoid going．mmpscarfi
你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you considered looking for one special friend?
3.常见的既可接v-ing也可接to do 做宾语，但表示的意义不同的动词：
go on doing 继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事
mean doing 意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事
stop doing 停止做某事stop to do 停下来（别的事）开始做某事
forget \remember \regret doing (已做了)forget \remember \regret to do（未做）
forget, regret, remember后跟doing，表示已经发生的动作；后跟to do表示将要发生的动作。

I forgot mailing your letter. I forgot to mail your letter.
try doing 试着做某事try to do 努力设法做某事
be used to doing 习惯于做某事be used to do 被用来做某事
can't help doing 禁不住做某事can't help to do 不能帮助做某事
Being early may mean wasting a little time. You really mean to go?
4. 跟-ing形式的主动式, 表示被动意义的几个词
need/ want(需要)/require doing = need/ want（需要）/require to be done deserve
Your hair needs cutting. = Your hair needs to be cut.
The floor requires washing = The floor requires to be washed.
The house wants painting. =The house wants to be painted.
This sentence needs ______.A. a improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved
1.— Let's have a rest．— Not now．I don't want to stop __________ yet．（NMET 2005）
A. study
B. to study
C. for studying
D. studying
2.— Let me tell you something about the journalists．
— Don't you remember ________ me the story yesterday？（1999上海高考题）
A. told
B. telling
C. to tell
D. to have told
1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car.
A. repairing
B. repair
C. to repair
D. repaired
2. Have you forgotten ___$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow?
A. borrowing; to bring
B. to borrow; bring
C. borrowed; bringing
D. borrowing; bringing
3. The classroom wants _____. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning
4.Jack said that he wouldn't mind __fo rus. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited
5.My brother keeps___me with my work.
A. to help
B. help
C. helping
D. helped
6. We should often practise ___ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking
7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying
8. His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go
9. The story was so funny that we ___.
A. couldn’t help laugh
B. can’t but laugh
C. couldn’t help laughing
D. couldn’t help but to laugh
10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ______.
A. being bought
B. buying
C. to buy
D. buying it
11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied
12. We are both looking forward to __ next week.
A. going on vocation(休假)
B. go on vocation
C. be going on vocation
D. have gone on vocation
13. You must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read
14. You should work tonight instead of_____TV.A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching
15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的) objects.
A. examining
B. being examined
C. examined
D. examine
16.Mike has got used___ up late at night.(stay up) A. to sit B. X C. to sitting D. sitting
17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once.
A. beating
B. to beat
C. being beaten
D. to be beating
18.We are now busy_____for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared
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19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see
20. I regret ____ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. X
21. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) ____ others.
A. being infected(感染)
B. infecting
C. to infect
D. infected
22.Your clothes need ______. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed
23. _____ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while ______ provides us with oxygen.
A. To eat; breathing
B. Eating; to breathe
C. Eating; breathing
D. Eaten; breathed
24. You can’t imagine what difficulty w e had ______ home in the snowstorm. (辽宁2007)
A.walked
B. walk
C. to walk
D. walking
25. It is difficult to imagine his ______ the decision without any consideration. (陕西2006)
A. accept
B. accepting
C. to accept
D. accepted
两个注意: My sister's being ill made us worried. Your being late made the teacher angry.
1.要明确表示v-ing的逻辑主语,要在其前面加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。

Not coming home in time made her parents worried.
Mary’s not coming to the party made us disappointed.
2) v-ing的否定式是在其前面加not
M5 U3Grammar 动词的ing形式作表语.定语和宾语补足语
1.v. ing 做定语▲动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作
walking stick 手杖dining room饭厅reading room 阅览室swimming pool 游泳池washing machine洗衣机
a walking stick( =a stick for walking)手杖
▲现在分词做定语，说明所修饰名词进行的动作a waiting man (=a man who is waiting)正在等待的男人
a sleeping child (= a child who is sleeping ) 正在睡觉的孩子
2. v. ing 作表语▲动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换
Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐
Playing all kinds of music is our job. 演奏各种音乐是我们的工作
＊现在分词做表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，主语与表语位置不可互换
The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

3.v.－ing作宾语补足语的用法v.－ing 形式主要用于以下两类动词后构成宾补
⑴表示感觉和状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice等例如:
I heard Mr. Smith singing in the next door. 我听到史密斯先生在隔壁唱歌。

I felt someone patting on the shoulder. 我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀
⑵表示―指使‖等意义的动词，如have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等例如:
We won’t have you doing that. 我们不允许你这么做。

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long. 对不起，让你久等了
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典例解析］1. The salesman scolded the girl caught _____ and let her off.
A. to have stolen
B. to be stealing
C. to steal
D. stealing
[解析]本题考查动词非谓语形式在句中作宾补的用法。

正确掌握并灵活运用非谓语形式是解此类题的关键，另外，解这一题目也要用还原法，即catch the girl stealing，因此，解题时，不但要有扎实的基础知识，还要掌握解题技巧。

本题旨在考查catch sb. doing sth.（发现某人做某事）这一短语，故先排除A、C两项，由于girl与catch之间是被动关系，因此需要用catch的过去分词形式作后置定语，stealing所作的只能是定语中的补足语，故本题最佳答案为D
2. In the study, I found my son ______ at a desk, with his attention ______ on a book.
A. sitting; fixing
B. sit; fixed
C. sitting; to be fixed
D. seated; fixed
[解析]此题考查不定式与分词作宾补的区别以及短语fix one’s attention的用法。

解答此题时，应特别留意不定式与分词作宾补的区别；第二应注意倘若逻辑宾语提前，则with+复合宾语中宾补应用过去分词表示被动。

因为强调found的动作与sit同时进行，而省去to的不定式sit作宾补表示动作的完成，但sitting和seated皆可。

第二空中，attention原为fix的逻辑宾语，所以应选fixed作宾语补足语。

故此题正确答案
【语法专练】
1. The long talk was ______ and all of us were_____ of it.
A. tired, tiring
B. tiring, tired
C. tiring, tiring
D. tired, tired
2. I’m afraid we’ll have to work extra hours for there are still some problems ___________.
A. remaining to settle
B. remaining to be settled
C. remained to talk about
D. to remain to discuss
3. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert.
A. cover
B. covered
C. covering
D. to cover
4. Everything was quiet, but I was scared because I could hear someone softly ___ toward me.
A. walk
B. walking
C. to walk
D. being walking
5. What a shame for me when someone ____next to me heard a flute in the distance and I heard nothing.
A. stood
B. to stand
C. stand
D. standing
6。