我国天然气产供储销价格体系：现状、问题与建议

我国天然气产供储销价格体系：现状、问题与建议

张颙

中国石油天然气集团有限公司财务部

摘　要　天然气产供储销体系建设是保障天然气长期稳定供应的基础和关键，近年来我国按照“管住中间、放开两头”的总体思路来完善天然气产供储销价格体系，一方面推进天然气价格市场化改革，另一方面加强对自然垄断环节的输配价格监管，取得了有目共睹的成绩。尽管如此，我国的天然气产供储销价格体系目前仍然不能很好地适应天然气工业与市场发展的需要，尚存在诸多不完善的地方亟待改进。为此，在归纳、总结我国天然气产供储销价格体系现状的基础上，分析、揭示了产供储销价格体系目前存在的主要问题：①进口气严重亏损问题一直未得到有效解决；②门站基准价定价公式不够完善；③对价格浮动政策的执行存在诸多争议；④自然垄断环节的输配价格仍然偏高。进而提出了解决上述问题和完善产供储销价格体系的建议：①放开全部进口天然气的门站销售价格，使天然气进口企业有机会解决进口亏损问题；②采取S曲线公式形式，完善门站基准价定价公式；③推行季节性差价政策，完善储气调峰定价机制；④合理确定管道资产折旧年限，降低自然垄断环节的输配价格。

关键词　天然气　产供储销　价格体系　门站销售价格　输配气价格　储气调峰价格　完善措施建议

DOI: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2019.01.016

A price-system network of natural gas production, supply, storage, sales in China:

Present status, problems and proposals

Zhang Yong

(CNPC Financial Department, Beijing 100007, China)

NATUR. GAS IND. VOLUME 39, ISSUE 1, pp.131-137, 1/25/2019. (ISSN 1000-0976; In Chinese) Abstract: A price-system network of natural gas production, supply, storage and sales, as the key and foundation to guarantee the long-term and stable supply of natural gas, has been completed in recent years with the overall thought of "Holding the Middle and Letting Go of Both Ends", i.e., on the one hand natural gas price marketization reform has been promoted; on the other hand such natural monopoly sections as transmission and distribution prices have been highly supervised. Although such achievements have been made, there are still many imperfections that need to be improved urgently, for this network does not meet the requirement of natural gas industry and market development. In view of this, based upon an overview of this network's present status, we analyzed and discussed the existing problems and put forward the corresponding proposals as follows. (1) As for the unresolved serious loss in gas imports, the gate prices of imported gas should be all opened to make those loss-making import enterprises survive; (2) An S-curve formula should be adopted to complete the benchmarking pricing formula of gate prices. (3) As for the dispute in the price floating policy, seasonal differential price policy should be promoted to complete the gas storage peak-shaving pricing mechanism. (4) The depreciation years of pipeline assets should be reason-ably determined to decrease the transmission and distribution prices.

Keywords: Natural gas; Production-supply-storage-sales; Pricing system; Gate price; Distributed gas price; Gas storage peaking price; Completion proposal; Suggestion

作者简介：张颙，1963年生，高级会计师，硕士；1997年毕业于武汉理工大学并获得管理学硕士学位，现从事天然气与管道运输价格方面的研究与管理工作。地址：（100007）北京市东城区东直门北大街9号。ORCID: 0000-0002-7466-1675。E-mail: zhangyong@