Unit3新编研究生基础综合英语邱东林
(完整word版)研究生基础综合英语邱东林版课后翻译答案1-8
课后文章翻译Unit 1李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力,但英语成绩不佳,每次只能勉强及格.老师警告他,英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌:如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关.老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。
李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。
Li Ming was a chemistry major，a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament。
However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more，she showed her trump card：if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him。
He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise，even after graduation from university，he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure，he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake。
研究生基础综合英语邱东林版课后翻译答案1-8
课后文章翻译Unit 1李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。
老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。
老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。
李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。
Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him.He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake.Unit 2我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。
研究生基础综合英语(邱东林版)课文中英对照加课后习题答案
Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。
基础综合英语听力材料__邱东林
目录Unit one Education (5)****************Part one Problems with us Education*************** (5)Listening Script one (5)Listening Script two (6)*********************Part two Arts Education ******************* (8)Listing script one (8)Listening Script two (11)***************Part Three graduate education******************* (13)Listening Script one (13)Listening Script two (15)Unit two love (17)*************************Part One Romance********************* (17)Listening script one (17)Listening script two (20)**********************Part Two Eternal love********************** (23)Listening script one (23)Listening script two (25)********************Part Three The Power of Love****************** (28)Listening script two (31)Unit Three Health (35)*************Part One Is Overweight a Problem?*************** (35)Listening script one (35)Listening script two (37)**************Part Two New Four Food Group***************** (39)Listening script one (39)Listening script two (42)************Part Three There Are Worse Things than Dying********** (45)Listening script one (45)Listening script two (48)Unit four technology (50)**********************Part one cell phone******************** (50)Listening script one (50)Listening script two (53)*********************Part two internet*********************** (54)Listening script one (54)Listening script two (57)*******************Part three computer giants***************** (60)Listening script two (62)Unit Five Success and Happiness (64)********************Part one Success Is a Choice******************** (64)Listening Script one (64)Listening Script two (66)******************Part Two Can We Find Happiness***************** (69)Listening Script one (69)Listening Script two (72)***************Part Three The Sweet Success of Branding************* (74)Listening Script one (74)Listening Script two (77)Unit Six Globalization (81)*************Part one Three Eras of Globalization************* (81)Listening Script one (81)Listening Script two (82)***************Part Two Globalization and China************** (84)Listening Script one (84)Listening Script two (86)************Part Three Globalization and Inequality************ (87)Listening Script two (89)Unit Seven Plagiarism (91)******************Part one Defining Plagiarism**************** (91)Listening Script one (91)Listening Script two (92)*****************Part Two Plagiarism in College*************** (94)Listening Script one (94)Listening Script two (96)****************Part Three Avoiding Plagiarism*************** (98)Listening Script one (98)Listening Script two (101)Unit Eight Patriotism (102)******************Part one My Chinese Heart***************** (102)Listening Script one (102)Listening Script two (104)***************Part Two Comments on Patriotism************** (106)Listening Script one (106)Listening Script two (108)****************Part Three Pride of the Nation***************** (109)Listening Script two (111)Unit one Education****************Part one Problems with us Education*************** Listening Script oneWhen I was in college I had an English major and for a while I considered going into teaching. While I was exploring the possibility of becoming a teacher, I did a lot of thinking about the way that the education system in the United States is run. And I disagree with a lot of the ways that things seem to happen and have happened for a long time in our educational system.Uh ... people don't seem to recognize various kinds of intelligence; they seem to just want to give standardized tests and peg you for what you are capable of very early on your education. I've always felt that a lot of classes tha t you’re forced to take in high school are not really geared towards what you are going to be doing. There’s very little emphasis on your own special interests. Uh ... everybody’s sort of treated like they're the same person. Everything is very generalized. There’s a lot of uh ... there’s a lot of pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. I think being well-rounded isn’t really possible because it becomes impossible to develop any one part of yourself, um ... to any great degree. And as a resu lt people can’t get intogood colleges if they, yaknow, haven’t, yaknow, scored the ... the right thing on the math section of SAT, even if they are brilliant writers, and vice versa. You know, um... people just really are not given a chance, I think, in a lot of cases.Another thing that really disturbs me is the way that students are separated from each other. I got involved with vocational education, uh ... which means that the kids go out to a technical or trade school for part of the week, and then they come back to the home school for the other part of the week and they take their academic classes. However, those kids are kept separate from the rest of the school almost as if they’re below them. There’s a lot of stratification. Um ... at any rate I fee l that the kids are very aware of the way that they’re perceived by the educators, by their teachers and, yaknow, by their peers. And I think that it ...it causes them to act in a way that... is ... not really optimal. And that’s pretty sad to me. I actua lly had kids tell me when I was teaching them, “yaknow, we’re the just bad class; we... yaknow, it’s not that we have a problem with you personally; yaknow, we are just bad. We are bad kids” because pretty much that was what they felt they were. And yaknow, their classes were very limiting, uh the teachers never try to do anything creative with those classes. I think that many of the kids in that class were intelligent, but never actually realized their potential because of the way they were tracked very early on their education.Listening Script twoMargaret Warner: Mr. Unz. Why do you believe that bilingual education should be scrapped?Ron Unz: Well, the overwhelming practical evidence is that bilingual education has failed on every large scale case that’s been tried in the United States, in particular in California. The origins of this initiative was the case last year of a lot of immigrant Latino parents in downtown LA, who had to begin a public boycott of their local elementary school to try to force the school to give their children the right to be taught English, which the school was denying. And I think that really opened my eyes to the current state of the program in California, where the statistics are dreadful.Margaret Warner: Mr. Lyons.Janies Lyons: It is not the case that bilingual education is failing children. There are poor bilingual education programs, just as there are poor programs of every type in our schools today. But bilingual education has made it possible for children to have continuous development in their native language, while they're in the process of learning English, something that doesn't hap pen overnight, and it’s made it possible for children to learn math and science at a rate equal to English-speaking children while t hey’re in the process of acquiring English. Margaret Warner: Mr. Unz, what about that point — for these children who don't speak English well they will fall behind in the basic subjects if they can't be taught those in Spanish, or whatever language? I shouldn’t say just Spanish, but whatever their family’s language is.Ron Unz: That’s a very reasonable point. And to the extent that we’re talking about older children. 14 or 15 year olds who come to the United States, don't know any English and are put in the public schools I think a very reasonable case canbe made for bilingual education. I don’t know if it’s correct, but at least you can make a case for it. But most of the children we're talking about enter California or America public schools when they’re five or six or seven. At the age of five years old, the only academic subjects a child is really doing is drawing with crayons or cutting and, you know, with paper and that type of thing. And at that age children can learn another language so quickly and easily that the only reasonable thing to do is to put them in a program where they're taught English as rapidly as possible and then put into the mainstream classes with the other children so they can move forward academically.Margaret Warner: There is something to that point, isn’t there, Mr. Lyons, that very young children do absorb languages very quickly?James Lyons: They absorb certain facets of language very quickly. They learn to speak in an unaccented form like a native English speaker. But the research shows that actually adults are much more efficient and quicker language learners than children because they're working from a broader linguistic base, a greater conceptual base. I really take objection to what Mr. Unz is saying that children at the age of five, six, and seven are only coloring and cutting out paper.That isn't going to lead to the high standards.*********************Part two Arts Education ******************* Listing script oneInterviewer: Professor Gardner, what did you find in your studies to be the biggest difference between arts education in the United States and artseducation in China? What struck you most, then?Gardner:I was so struck by the differences between arts education in the United States and arts education in China. US youngsters love to explore andthink that they explore very well; and yet, without the requisitediscipline, their products are typically of little interest —exceptperhaps to their doting parents.Education in all of the arts in China is very precisely prescribed.Teachers and parents know exactly what they want children to be ableto do and they know how to get the desired behaviour andperformance in almost perfect fashion. On the other hand, there is littlefree exploration.But I must add another surprise. When young children in China weregiven a novel task in the arts, they performed very well. Before visitingChina, I had thought that young people must always begin with aperiod of free exploration, before they begin to acquire discipline andskills. After visiting China and thinking about what I had seen, I came toa different conclusion. It is not important that one "explore" first; whatis important is that one has a significant period for exploration, eitherbefore, during, or after one has acquired some discipline. Interviewer: As you might have noticed, these days after-school classes in music, dance, painting and calligraphy are very popular in China, althoughmany of the "young emperors" might not be so willing to learn allthese "extra skills." What's your opinion on this?Gardner: The fewer children you have, and the more resources at your disposal, the more likely you are to give your children every form of enrichment.China has thousands of years of history of encouraging talentdevelopment, so it is not at all a surprise that many kids are takingafter-school arts classes. But what children do when their parents pushthem, is very different than what they do when they grow up, and theirparents are no longer in control of the rewards and punishment. Byand large, those grown up students who continue their area of talentare those who use the talent professionally and those who gainintrinsic pleasure from the activity.Interviewer: In recent years, art museums and community arts centres have been mushrooming in China as the country experiences rapid modernizationand internationalization. How do you balance arts education in schoolsand arts education beyond school Walls?Gardner:It is entirely to the good that students now have opportunities to learn about the arts outside of class —in museums, in children’s palaces,through the electronic media, community centres, and outdoorinstallations. Very often children learn much more comfortably andpersonally in what we call “informal educational settings.”Optimally, there should be a division of labour between schools andinformal settings. As just one example: Schools could focus more onproviding history and cultural background — whereas museums mightprovide the opportunity to learn about special topics, or probe into atopic more deeply.Listening Script twoAnn: Do you find there’s much opportunity... to do other things, besides studying, during term- time? I mean, if you have a, a very academic course, you say the social life is good, but you might not always have time to, er, enjoy it, if you ...have a lot...Ian: Not being a very academic course, I wouldn’t know.Ann:How about you, Tony?Tony: I suppose ... a business course isn’t particularly academic, if you like, but, er, I certainly find quite enough time to do newspapers and ... all I want to do on the social side. [Yes] Go to dances and so, on.Ian:But then you work till five in the morning, don’t you? [Laughter]Tony:Let’s not bring personalities into this!Ann:D'you think that a lot of students, are interested in producing things like newspapers and plays and writing poetry?Tony: No, but a lot of students like to have those things and a few students like to do them. This is why, I mean if you had—out of a college of, what is it, fifteen hundred students — if you had five hundred students going along to the Drama Club on the first week of term ... they try and mount two productions out of five hundred people. It’d be absolutely impossible. Yet, there are those, the sufficient people to see, what is it, twenty, thirty people, doing those produc tions. It’s the same with the newspaper.Ann: Yes. But erm, I think this is because more students haven’t got the confidence to show the work they do. I think a lot of students write things and paint, in the background, and just don’t like to er ...Ian:Er, I think, I think myself, they’re just not interested, in [You don’] sort of taking part in joint efforts. They prefer just to erm, well, they might write poetry on their own or something, but they were asked to write something for a newspaper, they wou ldn’t be interested.Ann:Is this because the courses are too difficult? They have too much academic work, as I said before?Tony:I think it’s all psychological, to bring a nice big word into it! Erm ... those students think they shouldn’t do it, because they think they won’t have [Mm] time and so on. I think this is the thing. It’s not a question of not having enough time. It’s jus t organizing it. I mean, Ian says I stay up till five in the morning or whatever, you know, never go to bed till two. [Yes] You can, if you, if you’re determined to do something, you can arrange it. You can say, “Okay, I’ll do the newspaper between lecture s finishing at four, or whatever, and go home at six”, and you have two hours a day on the newspaper, say. You know, [Yes] just, say, this is a way of organizing things. A lot of other students will say at four, “Oh dear, I must go on working, but before t hat I must have a break”. And they spend two hours in a coffee bar. Okay, this [laughter] is the way they want to organize their time. [Yes] They spend i t...you know ... it’s just that I want to do it doing newspaper, whereas other students want to drink coffee.Ann: So, in other words, students have an awful lot of freedom of choice on how they organize their social life and how they organize their working life, how they spend their money. And I think this is erm, one of the ideal things about being a student.Ian: You’re not tied down by anything. You just do more or less as you please, within the framework of going to lectures, or the majority of lectures. Ann:Yes, that’s right, I mean, I, I have worked before and erm ... although I had, theoretically, a lot more free time ... erm ... it was only within certain hours, you know, after working hours, and at weekends, [Mm] and this isn’t what I call free time. You know, I mean, at the moment with lectures, you can take off two or three hours during the afternoon and go to see an art exhibition.Whereas if you’re ... erm, working all week, you have to restrict it to weekends when the art gallery is ... crowded with the weekend trippers and, [Mm. Mm.] and it’s quite unpleasant.***************Part Three graduate education******************* Listening Script oneDaniel Denecke: Hello and welcome! Thank you for the opportunity to speak to so many of you about the issues facing graduate education today. Virginia: Hi, Daniel. My company recently hired a lot of PhDs. Many have good research skills, but no social skills and no working experiences besides academic experiences. Maybe universities can do a better job to address this issue.Daniel Denecke: This is something that graduate deans are beginning to address now through various professional development programs.At the master’s level, there are many “professional master’s degrees” that combine core, curricular content of a traditional degree with internships and workshops in “soft skills” such as commu nication, presentation, lab and budget management, etc.New York, N.Y.: Hello Daniel. Isn’t it a little disingenuous to talk about how we need to protect America’s huge production of PhDs when America can’t employ many of those PhDs? When the academic job market is so tight, it seems like perhaps we need to do a better job of screening people out of doctoral programs, rather than accepting so many who will only be disappointed when they can’t get the jobs they want.Daniel Denecke: Some disciplines (History, for example) have attempted to address this by limiting enrollments.My own opinion is that a graduate degree is not only about preparing students for a “job” slot that already exists. Graduate degrees are giving people the high level cognitive skills and advanced thinking that will enable them to be flexible and to adapt to an economic world where jobs are always changing. This is why China and India and Europe are so aggressively building up their graduate degree programs.Princeton, N.J.: Hi, I'm ve ry grateful for this Q&A session. I’m an electrical engineering doctoral student in my third year. When I got shoulder-deep into doctoral research, I found it to be arduous and unrewarding, and I’m leavinggraduate school without my PhD.My question then is: in the face of 50-60% attrition rates, should we really be handing out fellowships and support to push students right out of undergrad (like myself) who don’t nec essarily know what they want to do with their lives?Won't this worsen the attrition rates? Thank you for your time.Daniel Denecke: One of the things that universities are doing now to try to address exactly the problem you experienced here is to enhance the pre-admission and orientation processes so that students have a better sense of what a career in research entails. For instance, pre-admission summer research opportunities, workshops peer mentoring, etc.Burke, Va.: Hello, Daniel. Is it better for future career prospects to earn a master's degree from an online university or to earn a master's degree from a university where classroom attendance at the university is a compulsory step to graduating?Daniel Denecke: Distance and online graduate education is becoming more and more common. But there is a lot of fluctuation in quality. Some online degrees are very good, and for others the quality is unknown or contested Regional accreditation is one way of inquiring about how the graduate education community perceived these degrees.Listening Script twoSince we’re meeting here at Wisconsin, I'll draw upon a local example of a faculty member who embodies the principle of research and education being twosides of the same “integrated” coin. U.W. plant pathologist Paul Williams invented what are called “Fast Plants” — these go from being a seed to producing seeds in just 35 days. Fast plants were first developed as a research tool for biologists, but have come to be used in science classrooms around the globe. Because the plants grow and develop so fast, students can study the plants’ genetic cha nges over a semester. Profes sor Williams says fast plants “became part of a larger sea-change in the way biology is taught. We measure our success,” he says, “by how much our ideas are adopted and adapted.” What a glowing example of integrating education and research!Throughout my own career, I have had a passion for the integration of teaching and learning with research, within both undergraduate and graduate education. Educating engineers has occupied the greater part of my life. While I was Dean of Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, we experienced the usual challenges in supporting our graduate students financially as well as intellectually. One mechanism of financial support, still ubiquitous across academe, was to appoint first-year graduate students as Teaching Assistants (TAs), a kind of itinerant labor performed adhoc for pay, and rarely integrated within the students’ research activities. This practice fosters t h e attitude among students that teaching is some sort of “add-on”, not part and parcel of their doctoral education.However, our Department of Chemical. Engineering implemented quite another approach —to support all first-year graduate students fully the first year, with stipend funds drawn primarily from departmental general funds contributed by the Dean, industry and endowment income. Then, around each student’s third year, heor she would undertake a teaching practicum—first, being given preparation on how to teach and, second, teaching undergrads as a component of the doctoral curriculum.When I tried to institutionalize this paradigm across the school, one argument posed against it was that since the graduate students were partly supported by industrial monies, industry would not want their investment used for a teaching practicum. So. I canvassed a group of CEQs — and 100% of them said they’d love to hire PhDs with both teaching training and experience.Indeed, graduate students today may follow ever more diverse pathways, yet all will need the skills of teaching and learning, whether they end up as professors, practicing in industry, or serving in government.Unit two love*************************Part One Romance********************* Listening script oneOur love story is not your average love story. Although I was bom in 1960 and my husband Joe was born in 1962, our story really began much earlier on a trip from Austria to Halifax in October 1947. That is a trip both our fathers took to find a new life in Canada. They did not know each other and could not recall ever meeting aboard the ship. Little could they have known that fate was taking a long journey, one that would unite their unborn children in 1992.My father, upon his arrival in Canada, lived and worked in several different citiesacross the country before settling in Toronto. Joe’s father did the same but lived in Thunder Bay, Ont., for quite a few years before he moved his family to Toronto in 1968. Both our fathers were pen pals with the women they would eventually marry, bringing them to Canada from their respective homelands in 1958. They had three children each (Joe and myself being the middle children). What is also very interesting is the fact that Joe’s father and my father both worked in construction.Fast-forward several decades: I was working for a large bank in downtown Toronto’s financial district. One day as I walked through an underground concourse, I passed a man in the hall and with just one glance something struck me about him. He seemed to have a brooding quality. Of average height, he had large broad shoulders and longish, wavy dark-brown hair, a short beard and great eyes. There was a certain aura about him. Knowing how many people worked in the district, I knew I wouldn't see him any time soon. Several months later, I passed him in the concourse once again He was walking with a woman I used to work with. Disappointed, I assumed he was dating her and that was it for me.Several more months passed and I was now working in an area that was accessible only by a stairway. One day I was going down the stairs when I passed him going up. I could not believe my eyes! It was then that I realized: We worked for the same company! I was floored to say the I attempted to smile at him, but he was looking down.1 asked around and found out his name was Joe, which department he worked in and, most important, that he was not attached! Then, as I was debating whether to put my name in for our annual baseball team, I saw his name on the sign-up sheet.That made up my mind for me!Our games were played on Centre Island, a short ferry ride from the Toronto shoreline on Lake Ontario, and our eyes locked while we were on the boat taking us there. Something inexplicable passed between us: We connected. Soon, we were cheering each other on as we played our game, and on the way back I worked up the courage to introduce myself. “Hi! My name is Rosemary. What do you do at the bank?”Later, we ended up working side by side after he took a position in my department. Our relationship slowly progressed as we got to know each other. Living in fairly close proximity, we found ourselves taking the subway home together every day. Our friendship blossomed.On Remembrance Day, 1993, Joe was out of the office on a course. He called to tell me how he felt about me. He said, “I can’t stop thinking about you, Rosemary. And I can’t sleep at night." That day, and with those words, my life changed forever.Because we were working together, I was apprehensive about dating him, but after several months of intensifying feelings, we could no longer hold off. We had been dating for eight months when he proposed on the first day of spring in 1994. We were married on May 6, 1995. It was the most perfect day and we had the best time ever! Although we were in our mid-3os, getting married for the first time, God has blessed us with two wonderful children. Life cannot be any better.So, you see, fate already had things in store for us back in 1947. Some say that fate does not exist, that our lives are just random occurrences and coincidences. We beg to differ. A web was being woven even before we were born. That is fate!Listening script twoWhen Harry Met SallyHarry: Well how about this way. I love that you get cold when it’s seventy on e degrees out, I love that it takes you an hour and a half to order a sandwich,I love that you get a little crinkle above your nose when you’re looking at melike I’m nuts, I love that after I spend a day with you I can still smell your perfume on my clothes and I love that you are the last person I want to talk to before I go to sleep at night. And it’s not because I’m lonely, and it’s not because it’s New Year’s Eve. I came here tonight because when you realise you want to spend the rest of your life with somebody, you want the rest of the life to start as soon as possible.Sally: You see, that is just like you Harry. You say things like that and you make it impossible for me to hate you. And I hate you Harry... I really hate you. I hate you.Endless LoveEndless LoveMy love,There’s only you in my lifeThe only thing that’s brightMy first love,You’re every breath that I takeYou’re every step I makeAnd II want to shareAll my love with youNo one else will do ...And your eyesYour eyes, your eyesThey tell me how much you care Ooh yes, you will always beMy endless loveTwo hearts,Two hearts that beat as one Our lives have just begunForeverI'll hold you close in my armsI can’t resist your charmsAnd loveOh, love。
基础综合英语听力材料--邱东林.(精选)
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研究生基础综合英语(邱东林版)中英对照
Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。
基础综合英语(邱东林版)课文中英对照加课
Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。
研究生基础综合英语1-4全文（中英文对照）-邱少林版
研究生基础综合英语1-4全文（中英文对照）-邱少林版Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。
研究生基础综合英语1-4全文(中英文对照) 邱少林版
Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。
基础综合英语(邱东林版答案)
Part II. V ocabularySection A :21-25 C B A D D 26-30 C C B D BSection B: 31-35 B C A C A 36-40 D C D B APart III. Cloze Test41-45 B D A C C 46-50 A B D C APart IV Reading Comprehension51-54 C D C A 55-58 C D B B 59-62 B A C D63-66 A C D A 67-70 C A B CPart V TranslationSection A第一次化学革命带来的众多方便设施使现代生活变了样，150年后的今天，一场新的化学革命正在酝酿之中。
这场21世纪的革命---被称为绿色化学---是对环保费用和经济成本的一种反应，这两者通常是这种变革潜在的薄弱环节。
绿色化学的根本理念在于：一种化学品的设计师应负责考虑该化学品投入使用后对世界会产生什么影响。
通过从根本上重新思考化工产品的设计，大学和私营企业的绿色化学家们正在开发制造产品的新办法，以促进我们的经济和生活方式的发展和提高，不再出现近年来极为明显的损害现象。
代价确实够高的。
清除化学废物的费用日益昂贵。
美国杜邦公司就生产特富龙和戈尔---膨体聚四氟乙烯薄膜而导致对环境的破坏同意支付高达6亿美元作为罚金以及消除环境损害的费用。
可是要保持地球安全并不意味着必须放弃不粘锅和膨体薄膜。
美国人历来视经济效益和环境保护为鱼与熊掌---两者不能兼顾。
绿色化学会改变这种顾此失彼的状态。
Section BWith any culture there are certain rules and customs that you should follow so you don’t offend anyone. This is no difference for the culture that exists on the Internet, whether you are emailing, chatting, with other people, gaming or building your own Web site. There is a list of golden rules you should live by to help your online experience be as smooth as possible. This code is known as “Netiquette”.1.Be politeSome people think that being on the Internet means you are anonymous and so you can get away with being rude in chat rooms and on message boards. This is not true, as most Web sites have tracking features.2.Be respectfulThe Internet is a global community, and other people’s values and outlooks on life may be different to your own. Be tolerant and careful with slang or phrases that may not be understood in another country.3.Be modestAlways play nice and give encouragement to your fellow players and opposition.Part II. V ocabularySection A : 21-25 D B A D C 26-30 D B B C BSection B: 31-35 D B B A C 36-40 D A C B BPart III. Cloze Test41-45 C A B A D 46-50 B C B A DPart IV Reading Comprehension51-54 A B D A 55-58 B D C A 59-62 C A D B63-66 B C B D 67-70 C D C APart V TranslationSection AGoogle 招聘员工通常不是为了填补某一特定职位。
基础综合英语(邱东林版答案)
Part II. V ocabularySection A :21-25 C B A D D 26-30 C C B D BSection B: 31-35 B C A C A 36-40 D C D B APart III. Cloze Test41-45 B D A C C 46-50 A B D C APart IV Reading Comprehension51-54 C D C A 55-58 C D B B 59-62 B A C D63-66 A C D A 67-70 C A B CPart V TranslationSection A第一次化学革命带来的众多方便设施使现代生活变了样，150年后的今天，一场新的化学革命正在酝酿之中。
这场21世纪的革命---被称为绿色化学---是对环保费用和经济成本的一种反应，这两者通常是这种变革潜在的薄弱环节。
绿色化学的根本理念在于：一种化学品的设计师应负责考虑该化学品投入使用后对世界会产生什么影响。
通过从根本上重新思考化工产品的设计，大学和私营企业的绿色化学家们正在开发制造产品的新办法，以促进我们的经济和生活方式的发展和提高，不再出现近年来极为明显的损害现象。
代价确实够高的。
清除化学废物的费用日益昂贵。
美国杜邦公司就生产特富龙和戈尔---膨体聚四氟乙烯薄膜而导致对环境的破坏同意支付高达6亿美元作为罚金以及消除环境损害的费用。
可是要保持地球安全并不意味着必须放弃不粘锅和膨体薄膜。
美国人历来视经济效益和环境保护为鱼与熊掌---两者不能兼顾。
绿色化学会改变这种顾此失彼的状态。
Section BWith any culture there are certain rules and customs that you should follow so you don’t offend anyone. This is no difference for the culture that exists on the Internet, whether you are emailing, chatting, with other people, gaming or building your own Web site. There is a list of golden rules you should live by to help your online experience be as smooth as possible. This code is known as “Netiquette”.1.Be politeSome people think that being on the Internet means you are anonymous and so you can get away with being rude in chat rooms and on message boards. This is not true, as most Web sites have tracking features.2.Be respectfulThe Internet is a global community, and other people’s values and outlooks on life may be different to your own. Be tolerant and careful with slang or phrases that may not be understood in another country.3.Be modestAlways play nice and give encouragement to your fellow players and opposition.Part II. V ocabularySection A : 21-25 D B A D C 26-30 D B B C BSection B: 31-35 D B B A C 36-40 D A C B BPart III. Cloze Test41-45 C A B A D 46-50 B C B A DPart IV Reading Comprehension51-54 A B D A 55-58 B D C A 59-62 C A D B63-66 B C B D 67-70 C D C APart V TranslationSection AGoogle 招聘员工通常不是为了填补某一特定职位。
邱东林_基础综合英语(研究生)_1至7单元完整版-课文翻译
Unit 1 对F的赞美1今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭看上去跟颁发给比他们幸运的同班同学的文凭没什么两样.只有当雇主发现这些毕业生是半文盲时，文凭的效力才会被质疑。
2最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间——成人识字课程,我教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质。
在教育维修车间里，高中毕业生和高中辍学生将学习他们本该在学校就学好的技能，以获得同等学力毕业证书。
他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。
3在我教课的过程中，我对我们的学校教育深有了解。
在每学期开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验.这种时候学生不会有任何写作障碍!“我希望当时有人能让我停止吸毒，让我学习。
”“我喜欢参加派对,似乎没人在意。
"“我是一个好孩子，不会制造任何麻烦，于是他们就让我考试通过，及时我阅读不好，也不会写作。
”很多诸如此类的抱怨。
4我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前我将孩子们的学习能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其他妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。
但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前,他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。
要做到这点，有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。
然而，单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。
这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。
5我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的注意。
我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。
直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。
6当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。
“他坐在后排和他的朋友说话.”她告诉我。
“你为什么不把他换到前排来？”我恳求道。
我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。
施蒂夫特夫人从眼睛上方冷冷地看着我.“我不会换高年级学生的座位.”她说，“我会给他们不及格的成绩。
邱东林_综合英语（研究生）1至7单元完整版英语填空
邱东林_综合英语（研究生）1至7单元完整版英语填空Unit 1 P241.This research seems to lend some validity（有力的）to the theory that the drug might cause cancer .2.In a number of developing countryies ,war has been an additional impediment (障碍）to progress .3.Anthea was about to play her trump card（王牌卡）;without her signature none of the money could be released .4.I flunked（挂科）my second year exams and was lucky not to be thrown out of college .5.I didnt want to lose my composure（镇静）in front of her .6.The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority（优先）.7.For three hours a committee of state senators listened to a parade（一系列）of local residents giving their opinions.8.Thousands of lives will be at stake（在危机关头）if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon.9.Brierley's book has the merit(优点）of being both information and readable .10.I think there was a conspiracy（阴谋）to keep me out of the committee .Unit 2 P591.It is not easy for chinese people to respond properly to others compeliments and equally difficult for them to accept criticisms gracefully（优雅）.2.We shoud be truly thankful to Mr Deng Xiao Ping for taking the plunge（做一个决定）and initiating the economic reform in china .3.Unfortunately ,television studio are strangely designed anddressing -rooms are often miles away from the studios ,so we had to find a place where she and her entourage（随从人员）could relax in comfort without the need to climd stairs .4.What is the use of whining about（发牢骚）you bad luck ?It is more important to find the real cause of your misfortune .5.The rising real estate prices thwarted（阻碍）his ambition of owning a house of his own in the big city ,disappointed ,he returned to his hometown .6.The old women sat silently beside her collapsed house ,her eyes brimming with（充满）tears and hatred .7.He writes clearly and lightheartedly about the 100 best rivers and gives his expert advice on how to navigate（航行）their reaches .8.Outside the forest the snow was already six inches deep and growing steadily , relentlessly（无情地，残忍地）deeper .9.There is no doubt that his duty extends to informing his patient ,if asked ,of the nature of his illness and its likely prognosis （预测，诊断）10.Those who are climbing the career ladder fast may use alcohol as a booster to help them to achieve,and those who recognize that that they have failed to reach the top may also turn to alcohol ,in an attempt to bolster（支持，提升）their failing self-image.11.A typically chinese countryside house is one whose eaves protrude（伸出，突出）over the wall.12.The ship came back from the region that had just been attacked by a strange disease.Thus the health officials placed all its crew in quarantine（检疫）Unit 3 P951.Given the sophistication（成熟）of modern machines,there is little that require manual labor .2.After the police released their report ,john was exonerated(开脱) from all responsibility for the accident .3.The world constructed by online games seems to many youngsters a reasonable surrogate（代理）for "real life ",although what they see is not real in the least .4.In a speech at the Congress ,the president extolled（赞美）the virtues of free enterprise andexpressed his distaste for the blatant hegemony in IT industry .5.He soon became notorious because he enjoyed deriving perverse（倒行逆施）satisfaction from embarrass ing people .6.I endorse（赞同，支持，认可签署）everything that has been said from both side of the House in support and admiration of him and of the courage and fortitude that he and his family have displayed.7.The opposition members of the parliament derided（嘲笑，嘲讽）the government 's response to the crisis .8.The poor women was defrauded（骗取）of her money bya dishonest accountant .9.The other guests were stunned into silence as h began swinging into the gaggle(一群) of giggling photographers and kicking at tem frantically .10.Back to the us,the sly businessman was faced with racketeering（敲诈勒索）charges that may send him to life imprisonment .Unit 4 P1311.It is certainly undemocratic ,and many people are beginning to feel that it borders on(相当于) the unconstitutional .2.Traditionally ,organizations are constructed pyramidally; with a hierarchy（阶级资料）most powerful at the top andprogressively less so as the pyramid spreads downwards .3."No theory explains everything ,"she remarks ."yet it is just the desire to explain everything which is the spur(刺激，激励) of theory .4.The archaeologist in the film knew that there was a curse （祸因，诅咒）upon anyone who entered the pyramid .5.I have always belived tourism has an important part to play in the spreading of understanding between countries ,as well as being a catalyst(促进) for economic development .6.Her body looked diminished,almost shriveled(枯萎) in the huge chair ,and her hands on the arms began very gently to shake .7.The talks will not be easy and the fundamental differences between the parties remain as potentially irreconcilable（不可调和的）as ever .8.A real love song is infinitely more appropriate for christmas than a trashy song cooked up(编造) as a commercial gimmick .9.A local builder offered to knock down the remain of the house in exchange for the materials he could salvage（抢救）.10.Edward now wore the manic look of some animal transferred into the wrong environment ,as though he might run amok(四处狂奔).or bite .11.Alan attempted to read every press clipping ,interview anyone who ever knew the movie star ,and cobble together（拼凑）a book out of it .12.Some sociologists tend to bemoan（哀悼）the loss of community in the face of modern urbanism ;there is a wistful longing for the past in their analysis of the modern word .Unit 5 P1911."You just can't escape the fact(忽略事实) that we're in atransformationalperiod,"Cole said,"The old way is not survivable.Investors,managers and laborers all have accepted that big things have to be done."2.I think you've just put a finger on (指出) the biggest problem facing the Conservative party in this election.3.The great conundrum（谜）of my life is that my public career continues to flourish and expand even at a time when the music I love,the music I write ,the music Ichampion,the music on which I am the world's leading expert,is utterly out of fashion in every segment of musical society.4. Flummoxed(使…混乱) by the surreality of history and the mind boggling changes unleashed in the 60s,many writers in that era becameminimalists,withdrawing,turtlelike,inside their own homes and heads.5.Hannah Arendt's clear message is directed at the citizens of democratic societies that the raison d’etre (存在的理由)of politics is freedom.6.According to a survey of college graduates recently released by the government's Council of Labor Affairs(CLA),the average starting monthly salary for college graduates in 2006 decreased,which reveals stagnation(停滞) in economy.7.Financial incentives( 鼓励机制) are said to exist where an agent can expect some form of material reward-especially money-in exchange for acting in a particular way.8.Girls from dalit families,the lowest in the caste hierarchy in India have the yearning(渴望) for formal school education.9.The heated argument is getting out of control,And it mustbe admitted thatChallenger is provocative（积极的）in the last degree,but Summerlee has an acid tongue,which makes matters worse.10.Malaise（不舒服，不适）is a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness,an out of sorts feeling,often the first indication of an infection or other disease.Unit6 P2251.In the following week，the question reiterated(重申) itself in his mind ,but he was incapable of answering it.2.We were very rapidly using up a certain kind of irreplaceable asset, namely the tolerance margins which our benign（仁慈的）nature always provides.3.A d isruptive（破坏性的）innovation is a technological innovation, product, or service that eventually overturns the existing dominant technology or status quo product in the market.4.The fiscal（财务的）income of Tibet Autonomous Region hit 1.06 billion yuan in the first six months of 2007, an increase of 26.7 percent year-on-year, according to sources with the region’s statistics bureau.5.We apologize for the sluggishness（缓慢的）of Type Pad-powered sites this morning,and we’re working to resolve the hardware problem that’s causing it.6.The office boy tried to dissipate（消解）the smoke by opening a window of the meeting room.7.The concept that people are born equal is embodied（表达了）in the American Constitution.8.Victoria Beckham hasn’t quite picked up on all US custom, and incurred（招致）the wrath of a waitress for allegedly failingto leavea tip.9.He complains about his own staff as well, those who are not suddued（减轻）into silence.10, Speeches or statements made in pubic that vilify（诽谤）people because of their race, homosexuality, transgender status or HIV or AIDS.Unit7 P2601.Brenda rose to stardom(出名) as an actress last year, which shocked Hollywood.2.Mr. Bush ostentatiously(卖弄) wooed and embraced Castro at the U.N. general assembly.3.It is ludicrous(荒唐的) to suggest that I was driving under the influence of alcohol.4.The professor trashed(指责) Conservative’s proposals as well as Liberal’s.5.A best seller(畅销的) is a book that is identified as extremely popular by its inclusion on a list of topsellers.6.Politicians are always pontificating(夸夸其谈) about education.7.Out of the pubic’s expectation, President declared that he had no intention to publish his memoirs(自传).8.He was asked to be the overseer(公头) of the project.9.Unsatisfied with the ruling, he had a squabble(争吵) with the referee.10.He hurled(扔) a chair across the set, smashing the lamp and vases.。
研究生基础综合英语（邱东林版）中英对照
Unit One：Educat ionT ext：In Praise of the F W ord对F的赞美Tens of thousa nds of 18-year-olds will gradua te this year and be handed meanin gless diplom as. Thesediplom aswon’tlookanydiffer ent from thoseawarde d theirluckie r classm ates.Theirvalidi ty will be questi onedonly when theiremploy ers discov er that thesegradua tes are semili terat e.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。
Eventu allya fortun ate few will find theirway into educat ional repair shops-adult-litera cy progra ms, such as the one whereI teachbasicgramma r and writin g. There, high school gradua tes and high school dropou ts pursui ng gradua te-equiva lency certif icate s will learnthe skills they should have learne d in school . They will also discov er they have been cheate d by our educat ional system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。
基础综合英语课后习题翻译 邱东林版
Unit 11.Our youngest,a word-class charmer,did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by Unti l .我们的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷,学习不怎么动脑筋,但是总是能蒙混过关,直到成为他的老师,这种局面才得以改变.2.No one seems to stop to think that ----no matter what environment they come from---most kids don’t put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at stake.似乎没有人停下来想想看,无论还在来自何种环境,他们当中大多数若不是发现情况到了危机关头,才不会把功课当成头等大事呢。
3.Of average intelligence or above ,they eventually quit school,concluding they were too dumb to finish这些学生智力水平至少也算中等,但是最终都退学,他们总结说自己太笨,学不下去了.4.Young people generally don’t have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it年轻人往往不够成熟,不会像我的成年学生那样重视教育5.It is an expression of confidence by both teachers and parents that student have the ability to learn the material presented to them.这表明老师和家长都对学生有信心,相信他们能够学好发给他们的学习资料.6.This means no more doing Scott’s assignments for him because he might fail . No more passing Jodi because she’s such a nice kid.这意味着再也不要因为担心斯科特会不及格而替他做作业,再也不要因为朱迪是个乖孩子而放她过关.Unit 21.I had always dreamed of being proposed to in a Parisian cafe , under dazzling stars , like the one in a Van Gogh knockoff that hangs in my studio apartment .Instead , my boyfriend asked me to marry him while I was Windexing the bathroom mirror.我一直有这样的梦想,星光灿烂的晚上,在一家巴黎咖啡馆就像梵高所画的“一夜的咖啡馆”我的工作室墙上就有一幅此画的翻本，然而我男朋友却在我用的“稳得新”擦洗卫生间镜子的时候叫我嫁给他。
研究生基础英语邱东林unit3练习答案
Unit 3Text A1 ) The ads in full-color magazines portrayed cigarettes as healthy or sexy.2) The tobacco companies had concealed the truth from the public for half a century.3) What had the doctor thought about the cigarettes in the early 20th century?Many doctors were concerned that smoking was a health risk, although the scientific studies of the era often failed to find clear evidence of serious pathology.4) Why did the tobacco companies increase the content of nicotine in the cigarettes?They did this to make smokers more addicted to the cigarettes. In this way, they could spike consumers and it would be harder for smokers to quit cigarettes.5) When did Big Tobacco understand the harm of cigarettes?More than half a century ago. According to the jury. Big Tobacco has engaged in a 40-year conspiracy of hiding the health risks of cigarettes from the public.6) What is the role of 29 historians in the federal case in 2004?Thev were hired by Big Tobacco. By asking narrow questions and responding to them with narrow research, they provided precisely the cover Big Tobacco needed.7) How do you understand the "pitfalls in combining scholarship with battle against the deadly pandemic of cigarette smoking"? Why did Dr. Brandt say he had little alternative?There are possible risks and dangers when a scientist goes beyond scientific research into the fight against smoking, but Dr. Brandt's conscience left him with no other choice.1. sophistication2. exonerated3. surrogate4. extolled5. perverse6. endorse7. derided8. defrauded9. gaggle 10. racketeering1.After careful analysis that took the better part of July, the investigators exonerated the driver from responsibility forthe traffic accident.2.The coach shows strong aversion to theoretical teachings because he is convinced that theoretical learning is nosurrogate for actual swimming.3.When the idea of the flying machine was first proposed, people derided it as silly.4.The invention of the silicon chip was a landmark event in the history of the computer.5.Although a few delegates fully endorse everything the Chairperson has said, most hold different opinions.6.To incite false alarm and blind patriotism, the government spread disinformation about the risk of terrorist attacks inother cities of the US.7.In the sequential trial Dr. Brandt as one of the best-reputed experts in medical research was required to give histestimony.8.After disappearing from public sight for 6 months, he pleaded guilty for defrauding $400.000 from various clientsand distributors.Transitional Skills1) In sequential testimony, each one stated that he did not believe tobacco was a health risk and that his company had taken no steps to manipulate the levels of nicotine in its cigarettes.在随后的证词中，每个人都陈述自己不相信烟草会给健康带来风险，而且自己的公司从未采取措施来操纵香烟中尼古丁的含量。
研究生英语 基础综合英语课文翻译 邱东林 ( 第4、6单元汉译英)
第4单元The effect that e-mail has on our professional and personal life is mind-boggling. People thousands of miles away from each other can send and receive detailed documents within mere seconds. This allows us to take on a multitude of projects, to pool our collective efforts in a way that wouldn’t have been possible before. It has become routine for us to correspond and exchange files with people overseas. The only obstacle is the difference in time zones.But on the other hand,e-mail can eat up a substantial portion of our workday.sometimes,most of the time and effort involved is going through unsolicited messages and deleting junk.However,many of the unwanted messages I receive are actually worth reading,so it would be reckledd to wipe them all out without further investigation.After all,many of the messages I receive come from coworkers and superirs.In my opinion,e-mail help flatten hierarchies in an office setting. It is far easier to make suggestions to our bosses via e-mail than it is to do so in a face-to-face talk.But the downside of it is that e-mail,if misinterpreted,may result in some hurt feelings,and offenses.E-mail can be a blessing or a curse. Used properly,e-mail offer great ed poorly,it can cause enormous trouble.电子邮件对我们职业生涯和个人生活的影响非同一般。
研究生基础综合英语1-4全文（中英文对照）邱少林版
研究生基础综合英语1-4全文（中英文对照）邱少林版Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。