2016年上海外国语大学250英语二外(自命题)考研真题试题试卷
(NEW)上海外国语大学251俄语二外历年考研真题及详解
【解析】句意为：姓李的病人被禁止从床上起来。表示禁止做某事，强 调动作，用未完成体。
5．Я четверокурсник, уже три с лишним года (учился, учусь) в университете.
【答案】учусь
【解析】句意为：我是四年级的学生，已经在学校里学习三年多了。现 在动作依然在继续，用现在时。
【答案】помогать родителям делать домашнее хозяйство 10．在电话中交谈 【答案】разговаривать по телефону III. Поставьте слова в скобках в нужной форме.(10%) 1．(Я) зовут Мария Ивановна. 【答案】Меня 【解析】固定搭配：Кого зовут...表示某人叫什么名字。 2．Она работает (учительница) в школе. 【答案】учительницей 【解析】固定搭配：работать кем-чем担任某种工作或职业。 3．В (эта неделя) Валентина Телешкова очень занята. 【答案】этой неделе 【解析】表示在具体的一周，用六格。 4．У учительницы мало (свободное время). 【答案】свободного времени 【解析】句意为：老师的时间很少。мало后面加复数二格。 5．В комнате (никто) нет. 【答案】никого 【解析】句意为：房间里没人。被否定的名词用二格。 6．Родители очень рады (успехи своего сына) в учебе.
2016考研英语二真题附答案解析（文字完整版）【4】
2016考研英语二真题附答案解析（文字完整版）【4】Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Be sillyB. Have funC. Ask for helpD. Express your emotions.E. Don’t overthink itF. Be easily pleasedG. Notice thingsAct Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age.(1) As adults, it seems that we’re constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.41___________.(2) What does a child do when he’s sad? He cries. When he’s angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of bot h. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That’sabout as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on.42__________.A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn’t bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43__________.Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44__________.T he problem with being a grownup is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)-it doesn’t matter, so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.45__________.Having said all of the above, it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: “Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.” And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to1) thank him, and2) give you adviceYou should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET.Do notsign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)。
english2
上海外国语大学2016年博士研究生入学考试英语二（二外）试题（考试时间180分钟，满分100分，共7页）I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)Directions: From the four choices given, choose ONE to complete the sentence. Section A Grammar (15%, @1%)1. Suppose you _________ on a deserted island one day, what would you do?A. are to be leftB. have been leftC. had been leftD. were to be left2. Janet will surely finish the job on time ______ s he’s left to do it in h er own way.A. in thatB. so long asC. in caseD. as far as3. I told him how to get here but perhaps I _______ him a map.A. would have givenB. must have givenC. had to giveD. ought to have given4. Neither the boys nor Rose _________ to blame.A. isB. hasC. haveD. are5. They came all the way to China for promoting friendship _______ for seeking fortune.A. other thanB. more thanC. better thanD. rather than6. It wasn’t such a good performance _______ she had promised us.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what7. ________ you have passed your test you can drive on your own.A. Now thatB. If onlyC. What ifD. Only if8. Mia’s score on the test is the highest in the class; she________ last night.A. should studyB. should have studiedC. must have studiedD. must have to study9. William is ________ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.A. no lessB. no moreC. not lessD. no so10. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time ______ the guards discovered what had happened.A. sinceB. untilC. beforeD. when11. It is not so much the language _______ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.A. butB. norC. asD. like12. _________ man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do toreduce their radioactivity.A. AsB. WhetherC. WhileD. Now that13. Metals, _______ shaped into coins, jewelry, plates, or bowls, were an importantitem of trade between East and West.A. whetherB. whichC. no matterD. however14. The parents were worried about Dorothy because no one was aware ______ shehad gone.A. where thatB. of whereC. of the place whereD. the place15. Leo was told that after he graduated he ______ by a foreign bank.A. would be employedB. would get employedC. would be employingD. would employSection B Vocabulary (15%, @1%)1. The United Kingdom _________ England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.A. makes upB. comprisesC. formsD. belongs to2. Your job is not to make decisions but to ______ the decisions we make.A. completeB. implementC. supplementD. compliment3. The Car Club couldn’t ______ t o meet the demands of all its members.A. assumeB. guaranteeC. ensureD. confirm4. He made such a ______ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.A. genuineB. generousC. modestD. minimum5. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ______ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.A. so thatB. but thatC. in thatD. provided that6. The ______ of finding gold in California were good in the 1840s.A. proposalsB. promisesC. prospectsD. privileges7. Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to ______ situations.A. sameB. alikeC. likelyD. similar8. Have you got anything to say ______ the proposal?A. on behalf ofB. in contrast toC. with regard toD. for the purpose of9. Among all the contestants, Helen ________ with her fluent speech and quick response to the questions posed to her, and had won a prolonged applause from the audience.A. stoodB. stood upC. stood outD. put up10. The two neighboring countries are building up military forces on their borders:they are _______ hostile terms.A. onB. atC. inD. over11. This bedroom looks perfect, but do you know that it has been ________ from akitchen?A. transferredB. transfusedC. transportedD. transformed12. According to the US constitution, a person must commit a/an ______ act before he may be tried for treason.A. publicB. overturnC. outrageousD. epidemic13.As he could not account _________ his actions, .people wouldn’t forgive him.A. forB. ofC. onD. into14.The situation has been improved __________, due to their efforts.A. somehowB. whatsoeverC. somewhatD. somewhere15.The doctor _______ some medicine for my stomachache, which should be takenthree times a day.A. describedB. subscribedC. inscribedD. prescribedII. Cloze Test (20%, @1%)Directions: Fill each blank in the following passage. There are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank.Many changes are taking place in the way in which men and women look at their roles in society. We see these roles most dramatically in job and business situations. It is no longer ______(1) to find a male nurse or a female construction worker. Years ago, ______(2), a man who worked as a nurse would have been ______(3) down upon for doing “a ______(4) job”, and a female construction worker would have been hooted off the construction ______(5) by her male co-workers. ______(6) dramatic these changes are, they are not as ______(7) as the changes that have taken place between men’s and women’s roles in ______(8) life.The fact that so many women today have ______(9) the job market and are______(10) independent careers for themselves have ______(11) the traditional family structure in many ways. For one ______(12), household work that used to be done by women is now often ______(13) equally by men and women. Men have discovered ______(14) that they too are capable of preparing the family dinner, ______(15) than thinking that they are only capable of taking out the garbage.Perhaps the greatest change ______(16) has taken place in the family is in parent’s new ______(17) toward bringing up children. While it is true that only mothers can breastfeed their own infants, ______(18) is it written that fathers cannot bathe their own babies or change diapers. And more and more of them are doing ______(19) that. These days, being a full-time ______(20) is a job that fathers and mothers both share.1. A) abnormal B) improper C) unusual D) extraordinary2. A) furthermore B) however C) moreover D) although3. A) set B) regarded C) looked D) forced4. A) woman’s B) girl’s C) inferior D) low-paid5. A) factory B) building C) site D) ground6. A) What B) Though C) However D) Very7. A) good B) serious C) important D) deep8. A) home B) family C) city D) business9. A) found B) liked C) entered D) appreciated10. A) seeking B) building C) making D) expecting11. A) produced B) developed C) altered D) shaken12. A) point B) time C) period D) thing13. A) done B) taken C) made D) set14. A) at least B) at best C) at last D) at most15. A) better B) rather C) more D) wiser16. A) which B) that C) what D) whether17. A) attitude B) feelings C) opinions D) roles18. A) anywhere B) nowhere C) somewhere D) everywhere19. A) only B) just C) at D) for20. A) trainer B) nurse C) helper D) parentIII. Reading Comprehension (10%, @1%)Directions: In this part there are two passages. Each passage is followed by five questions. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.Passage OneJogging has become the most popular individual sport in America. It has become commonplace to see people of all ages running along city streets, in parks and along special jogger's trails that have been built in some cities. Many theories even some mystical ones, have been advanced to explain the popularity of jogging. Theplain truth is that jogging is a cheap, quick, and efficient way to maintain (or achieve) physical fitness.The most useful sort of exercise is an exercise that develops the heart, lungs, and circulatory systems. If these systems are fit, the body is ready for almost any sport and for almost any sudden demand made by work or emergencies. One can train more specifically, as by developing strength for weight lifting or the ability to run straight ahead for short distances with great power as in football, but running trains your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen more efficiently to all parts of your body. It is worth noting that this sort of exercise is the only kind that can reduce heart disease, the number one cause of death in America. Only one sort of equipment is needed -- a good pair of shoes. Physicians advise beginning joggers not to try to run in tennis or gym shoes. Many design advances have been made in only the last several years that make an excellent running shoe indispensable if a runner wishes to develop as quickly as possible, with as little chance of injury as possible. A good running shoe will have a soft-pad for absorbing shock, as well as a slightly built-up heel and a full heel cup that will give the knee and ankle more stability. A wise investment in good shoes will prevent blisters and foot, ankle, and knee injuries and will enable the wearer to run on paved or soft surfaces.No other special equipment is needed, you can jog in any clothing you desire, even your street clothes. Many joggers wear expensive, flashy warm-up suits, but just as many wear a simple pair of gym shorts and a T-shirt. In fact, many people just jog in last year's clothes. In cold weather several layers of clothing are better than one heavy sweater or coat. If joggers are wearing several layers of clothing, they can add or subtract layers as conditions change. It takes surprisingly little time to develop the ability to run. The American Jogging Association has a twelve-week program designed to move from a fifteen-minute walk (which almost anyone can manage who is in reasonable health) to a thirty-minute run. A measure of common sense, a physical examination, and planned schedule are all it takes.1. The main purpose of this passage is to ________.A. discuss jogging as a physical fitness programB. describe the type of clothing needed for joggingC. provide scientific evidence of the benefits of joggingD. distinguish between jogging as a "commonsense" fitness program and a cult movement2. The most useful kind of exercise is an exercise that ________.A. trains the body for weight liftingB. enables a person to run straight ahead for short distances with great powerC. is both beneficial and inexpensiveD. develops the heart, lungs, and circulatory systems3. We can conclude from this passage that ________.A. heart disease is no longer an American problem because of joggingB. jogging can be harmful if the runner is not properly preparedC. warm-up suits are preferable to gym shorts and T-shirtD. jogging is bad for the ankles and knees4. T he author’s tone is ________.A. skepticalB. belligerentC. approvingD. purely objective5. As used in this passage, the word "mystical" means ________.A. awesomeB. horrifyingC. a spiritual disciplineD. viciousPassage TwoIf you were going to spend the rest of your life in a savage wilderness and could only take five books with you, which five would you choose? Remember, these books may be the only books that you would be able to read for the rest of your life. This was a question that faced many of the early settlers who came to live in America, for there were no books, printing presses, or universities here. All reading materials had to be imported from Europe.The early colonists had few illusions about the hardships that awaited them. Tales had reached them about the long, cruel winters, the wild animals, and the lack of companionship. Deeply religious and serious people, they prepared for the difficulties ahead through their books. Whether they were French, Spanish, or English colonists, they would have taken the bible and other books for religious instruction. Some would have brought along books of poetry. Because it was necessary to educate in the New World, all the colonists would have brought along instructional books to teach the children reading, writing, and arithmetic.If you were going to spend the rest of your life on the moon and could only take five books with you, which five would you choose? Remember, these books may be the only books that you would be able to read for the rest of your life! The one book that we might still select is the Bible, but millions of books have been published since 1620, and so our other choices would be much more difficult!6. In the first sentence of the second paragraph, “had few illusions about” may best be replaced by __________.A. “were not interested in”B. “accepted the fact about”C. “did not have any faith in”D. “showed no concern for”7. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the early colonists?A. They were not religious.B. Some of them were English.C. They knew the hardships they were going to face.D. They did not ignore the education of their children.8. What does “the New World” in the second paragraph refer to?A. A Savage WildernessB. EuropeC. AmericaD. The Moon9. According to the passage, it is much more difficult for us to choose five books nowbecause _________.A. there are now fewer books and printing pressesB. all reading materials have to be importedC. the only book we can choose is the BibleD. there are so many more books to choose from10. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Which Books Would You Choose?B. Who Were the Early Colonists?C. How Did the Early Colonists Educate Their Children?D. Do You Want to Go to the Moon?IV. Translation (20%)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.Many of the people who settled in the United States were poor. The country they came to was a wilderness. Land had to be cleared of trees in order to make farms; mines had to be developed; houses, shops, and public buildings had to be built. Everyone had to help build them. Manual labor was highly valued. Later it was the man who worked with his head to achieve success in business and industry that was looked up to. Now there is in America a curious combination of pride in having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manual labor for a living and genuine delight in what one is able to accomplish with one’s own hands.Foreigners sometimes draw the conclusion that Americans are wealthier than they are because they have such things as vacation houses or beautifully landscaped gardens. Yet they do not always realize that the Americans have these things only because they have made them themselves.V. Writing (20%)Directions: Write an essay of about 200 words according to the following prompt. The statements below are for your reference. A title is needed.1. In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living, but to make a life.----W. A. White 2. Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lightening of a fire.----W. B. Yeats。
上外考研英语真题
上外考研英语真题作文IntroductionIn recent years, the examination for postgraduate studies in English at Shanghai International Studies University (SISU) has become increasingly competitive. Many students strive to pass the exam, known as the "SISU examination," in order to pursue their academic dreams. This article aims to delve into the characteristics of the SISU English postgraduate entrance exam and provide some tips for success.Section 1: Overview of the SISU English Postgraduate Entrance ExamThe SISU English postgraduate entrance exam is renowned for its rigorousness and comprehensive content. It consists of four sections: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, translation, and essay writing. Each section requires candidates to demonstrate their English proficiency and analytical skills.Section 2: Strategies for Listening ComprehensionListening comprehension is a challenging section for many test-takers. To improve scores in this section, candidates can employ the following strategies:1. Familiarize yourself with various English accents and practice listening to different recordings.2. Focus on understanding the main idea rather than individual details.3. Take notes while listening to help retain information and facilitate answering questions.4. Practice timed mock tests to enhance speed and accuracy.Section 3: Approaches for Reading ComprehensionReading comprehension tests the ability to comprehend and analyze written passages. Here are some approaches candidates can use to improve their performance in this section:1. Skim the passage first to get a general understanding of the topic and main points.2. Pay attention to keywords and their synonyms or antonyms.3. Make use of context clues to deduce the meaning of unfamiliar words.4. Practice summarizing and paraphrasing the main ideas of the passages.Section 4: Key Tips for TranslationThe translation section assesses candidates' ability to transfer meaning accurately between English and Chinese. To excel in this section, consider the following suggestions:1. Enhance vocabulary and grammar skills in both languages.2. Pay attention to the context and register of the original text in order to choose appropriate equivalents.3. Practice translating various types of texts, such as formal documents, news articles, and literary works.4. Review common translation errors and learn from them to avoid making similar mistakes.Section 5: Techniques for Essay WritingThe essay writing section evaluates candidates' ability to express opinions and arguments in English. To excel in this section, consider the following techniques:1. Practice different types of academic writing, such as argumentative essays, descriptive essays, and persuasive essays.2. Develop a clear and logical structure for your essay, including an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.3. Use appropriate vocabulary and grammar to convey your ideas effectively.4. Revise and proofread your essay to correct any spelling or grammatical errors.ConclusionThe SISU English postgraduate entrance exam is challenging but not insurmountable. By understanding the exam structure and employing effective strategies, test-takers can enhance their performance and increase their chances of success. Remember to practice regularly, seek feedback, and stay confident throughout the preparation process. Good luck to all aspiring candidates!。
2016考研英语(二)真题及参考答案--写作
2016考研英语(二)真题及参考答案--写作Section IV WritingPart ASuppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you, and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to1)thank him;2)give your advice.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address .(10 point)参考译文Dear Jack,Im writing to express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest.As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals in this part. First and foremost, I strongly suggest you that you need to practice with painstaking effort in this field. Whats more, you had better have more communication with foreigners, which guarantees that you have a deep understanding of foreign culture. Last but not least, you are supposed to participate in some international events to accumulate awealth of practical experience.Thanks again and I do hope you could take my suggestions into consideration. I wish you have good luck and make a great success in your future study.Yours sincerely,Li Ming如大家所见，这是2016年英语二小作文题目。
2016上海外国语大学英语语言文学真题
2016上海外国语大学英语语言文学真题先说二外德语，首先是40道选择题，个人感觉和往年真题考的点差不多，主要有常用动词的考法，介词搭配，物主代词和形容词的变格，还有两道谚语题，aller Anfang ist schwer和kein Schmerz， kein Gewinn。
第二大题是选词填空，给出10个单词，大概讲的是上班族因为市中心房价太高，选择远离市中心，每天乘不同的交通工具上班，不是很难。
阅读大意是美国的一项调查，造纸业是能量消耗最高的产业之一，两个阶段人类的耗纸量，和钢铁行业能量消耗的比较，不同国家的耗纸量，德国对纸的回收。
答案都可以在原文中找到，有些选项会变换句型。
翻译大概是人们信件过时了，电子邮件更受年轻人的欢迎，但是信件也有优点。
哪些优点记不清了，感觉挺简单的。
作文是你会选择的职业，你选择的原因，这个职业有哪些优缺点，以及你怎样解决缺点。
语法我用的是标准德语语法——精解与练习，一本书做下来，语法绝对没问题。
词汇大学德语一就足够了。
英语综合，15道选择题，有词汇，文学，语言学的题，只记得一个问题问哪个是意识流的作家，答案是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫。
完形填空我觉得最耗时间也最难，30题15分，我直接放弃了。
阅读八篇，有长有短，有些题目的答案原文是没有的，比如问这两个人出自哪本书，所以一些常识和文学知识还是要积累的。
第一篇考亚里士多德逻辑，很短的文章，有一个题问苏格拉底，柏拉图和亚里士多德之间的师生关系，考的是常识，原文没答案。
接下来五篇就考文学，有英国文学，美国文学和文学批评，题型主要考词的转换，句子的转换，文章结构关系，作者的态度。
第七篇也很短，考建筑的承力，原文直接有答案。
第八篇是一篇长文，讲的是1820年到1900年之间美国经济的迅速发展带来的影响，难度大约为英语六级。
阅读40题占40分，我觉得不应该耗费太多时间，决不能超过一个小时，我用了50分钟。
最后是作文，小作文“The World Awaits me”，叙述文，250词。
2016年考研英语二真题
2016年考研英语二真题[正文]In recent years, there has been a growing trend of more and more students choosing to take the postgraduate entrance examination in China, commonly known as the "考研" (kǎoyán). This exam is widely believed to be one of the most challenging and competitive tests in the country. In 2016, the English exam for the second session presented students with a range of thought-provoking questions and challenging tasks.The reading comprehension section of the exam required students to read a series of passages and answer questions based on the content. One of the passages focused on the issue of online security, highlighting the importance of protecting personal information from hackers and cyber criminals. This passage aimed to raise awareness among the test takers about the potential risks of internet usage and the need to take precautions to safeguard themselves.Another section of the exam was dedicated to vocabulary. Students were given a list of words and were asked to choose the correct synonyms or antonyms for each word. This section not only tested the students' knowledge of English vocabulary but also their ability to apply that knowledge in a practical context.The writing section of the exam required students to write a short essay on a given topic. The topic provided was "The Impact of Social Media on Society." This topic allowed students to express their opinions and thoughts on the influence of social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, andInstagram, on individuals and society as a whole. Students were asked to provide examples and arguments to support their viewpoints.The listening comprehension section of the exam consisted of audio clips, in which students had to listen to conversations or lectures and answer questions based on the information they heard. This section tested the students' listening skills and their ability to comprehend spoken English in different contexts.Overall, the 2016 English exam for the second session of the postgraduate entrance examination challenged students' language skills and critical thinking abilities. It aimed to assess their proficiency in English and their ability to understand and analyze complex texts and information.Taking the postgraduate entrance examination is a significant milestone for many Chinese students as it opens up opportunities for further studies and academic pursuits. Despite the challenges and intense competition, the exam serves as a platform for students to showcase their abilities and potential. It motivates students to strive for higher academic achievements and encourages them to pursue their passions and dreams.In conclusion, the 2016 English exam for the second session of the postgraduate entrance examination tested students' language skills, critical thinking abilities, and their knowledge of various social and cultural issues. It presented thought-provoking questions and challenging tasks, ensuring that only the most qualified candidates can succeed. As more and more students choose to take the "考研," it becomes increasingly important for them to prepare thoroughly and effectively in order to achieve their desired goals.。
上海外国语大学考研外国语言学与应用语言学理论真题2016
上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试外国语言学及应用语言学专业外国语言学与应用语言学理论试题（考试时间 180分钟，满分150分，共2页）一、汉语部分，中文作答（共 105分）Ⅰ.术语解释（5×3=15）本部分为5个语言学术语，请解释其定义及含义，必要时可举例说明。
1.波形理论2.皮钦语3.语料库4.音位理论5.元语言功能Ⅱ.问答题（6×15=90）本部分为6道问答题，请就所给的问题做简短回答，有必要时请具体举例说明。
1.请简述双语现象和双语制问题，说明双语几个分类标准。
2.请说明什么是宏观语言学及其分类，必要时可以列举其代表。
3.请简要介绍英国语言学家韩礼德的语言学理论的主要内容。
4.请简要介绍转换生成语法及其在语言教学上的应用价值。
5.请简要介绍美国语言学家萨丕尔的语言学思想及其现实意义。
6.如何理解“语言是符号系统，这概括了语言本身的性质和特点”第1页共2页这句话?请举例说明。
二、英文部分，英文作答。
（15×3=45）1. What is structuralism?2. What is language planning?3. What is interlanguage?4. What is lingua franca?5. What are adjacency pairs?6. What is code-switching?7. What is linguistic determinism?8. What is diglossia?9. What is metonymy?10. What is language maintenance?11. What is hypercorrection?12. What is semantic field?13. What is displacement?14. What is elision?15. What is the “critical period”?第2页共2页。
2016考研英语(二)真题完整版
2016考研英语（二）真题完整版Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B],[C]or[D] on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D ( research and development ). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination forrisk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales –and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less codified decision making process”and the possible presence of “younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.”The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,”said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection II Reading ComprehensionText 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps, or creat artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform theirthought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to __________.[A]complete future job training[B]remodel the way of thinking[C]formulate logical hypotheses[D]perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their______.[A]experience[B]academic backgrounds[C]career prospects[D]interest23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will______.[A]help students learn other computer languages[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C]need improving when students look for jobs[D]enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to______.[A]compete with a future any of programmers[B]stay longer in the information technology industry[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world[D]bring forth innovative computer technologies25.The word “coax”(Line. 4, Para. 6)is closest in meaning to______.[A]challenge[B]persuade[C]frighten[D]misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens —a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,”a status thatgives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western stata governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chiekens habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67, 000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.”The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is _[A] the insistence of private landowners[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists[D] its drastically decreased population27. The “threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it _[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure[B] would involve fewer regulatory powers[C] granted less federal regulatory powers[D] went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will be prosecuted if they _[A] agree to pay a sun for compensation.[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat.[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job.[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations.29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is[A] the federal government[B] the wildlife agencies[C] the landowners[D] the states30. Jay Lininger would most likely support _[A] the plan under challenge[B] the win-win rhetoric[C] environmental groups[D] industry groupsText 3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complain is made especially moumfully:There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thomier is that the usualtime-management techniques don’t seem sufficient.The web’s fullof articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times.”But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deep reading requires not just time, but aspecial kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact “becoming more efficient”is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally. judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast depands on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, eventime-wasting. Try to slot it in as to-do list item. and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, ”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.”No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a bookSo what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time’s flow”into “soul time.”You could limit distractions by reading only physical books ,or on single-purpose e-readers,”carry a book with you at all time “can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarilysurface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read ”, but just reading, and making time for everything else.31.The usual time management techniques don’t work because[A]what they can offer does not case the modern mind[B]what people often forget is carrying a book with them[C]what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The “empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to[A]update their to-do lists[B]make passing time fulfilling[C]carry their plans through[D]pursue carefree reading33.Fberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps[A]promote ritualistic reading[B]encourage the efficiency mind-set[C]develop online reading habits[D]achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if[A]reading becomes your primary business of the day[B]all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C]you are able to drop back to business after reading[D]time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be[A]How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B]How to Set Reading Goals[C]How to Find Time to Read[D]How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession.those just starting out in life are defining pro and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to polities.Young and old converge on one key point：Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about theprospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life”face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job：starting a family.managing debt，and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.Schneider, a27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college Even now that he is working steadily, he said, ”I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.“Looking back he is stuck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.”I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees，“Schneider said.”I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is[A]having a family with children[B]trying out different lifestyles[C]working beyond retirement age[D]setting up a profitable business37 It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to[A] favor a slower life pace.[B] hold an occupation longer.[C]attach importance to pre-marital finance.[D] give priority to children outside the home.38 The priorities and expectations defined by the young will[A] depend largely on political preferences[B] reach almost all aspects of American life[C] focus on materialistic issues[D] become increasingly clear39 both young and old agree that[A]good paying jobs are less available[B]the old made more life achievements[C]housing loans today are easy to obtain[D]getting established is harder for the young40 Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A]He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.[B]His parents’good life has little to do with a college degree.[C]His parents’believe working steadily is a must for success.[D] He found a dream job after graduating from college.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don’t overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAs adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don’t need self-help books or therapy. Instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.41._______C_______What does a child do when he’s sad?He cries.When he’s angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.that’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make usill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately,and then-again.like children-move.42.______E_______A couple of Christmases ago,my youngest stepdaughter,who was nine years old at the time ,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed,and couldn’t stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.instead,being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43._________A_____________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection. All of which,of course,have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.________B___________The problem with being a grown up is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing around the living room,anyone?)—it doesn’t matter,so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.45.________D___________Having said all of the above,it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:“Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.”And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.Section ШTranslation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally –which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend,Jack,wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation.Write him a reply to1)think him,and2)give your advice.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own e “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)。
二外俄语考研上海外国语大学251俄语二外考研真题
二外俄语考研上海外国语大学251俄语二外考研真题一、上海外国语大学俄语二外考研真题及详解I. Напишитеантонимыкследующимсловам.(10%)1．высокий—【答案】низкий~~2．твёрдый—【答案】мягкий~~3．купить—【答案】продать~~4．ответить—【答案】спросить~~5．послать—【答案】получить~~6．забыть—【答案】помнить~~7．далеко—【答案】близко~~8．быстро—【答案】медленно~~9．легко—【答案】трудно~~10．вход—【答案】выход~~II. Переведитесловосочетаниянарусскийязык.(10%) 1．在桥上走【答案】ходитьпомосту~~2．和朋友打招呼【答案】поздороватьсясдрузьями~~3．在工作时间【答案】Врабочеевремя~~4．出国旅游【答案】путешествоватьзаграницу~~5．订阅杂志【答案】Подписатьсянажурналы~~6．随手关门【答案】закрыватьзасобойдверь~~7．经济改革【答案】экономическаяреформа~~8．把杯子放到桌上去【答案】Поставитьстанканнастол~~9．帮父母做家务【答案】помогатьродителямделатьдомашнеехозяйство~~10．在电话中交谈【答案】разговариватьпотелефону~~III. Поставьтесловавскобкахвнужнойформе.(10%) 1．(Я) зовутМарияИвановна.【答案】Меня~~【解析】固定搭配：Когозовут...表示某人叫什么名字。
上海外国语大学考研语言与社会文化综合真题2016
上海外国语大学考研语言与社会文化综合真题2016上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试语言战略与语言政策学专业语言与社会文化综合试题（考试时间180分钟，满分150分，共11页）一、请用中文完成这部分试题（105分）1.“文字就是语言，语言就是文字”这句话对吗？请简述你的理由。
（20分）2.人们对语言的理解有很多种，请阅读下面的这些定义，然后归纳出人们的语言观可以分成哪几大类，请给每一种类型做一两句话的总结，说明你分类的依据是什么。
最后，请你谈谈自己赞同哪一种语言观，并举例说明为什么。
（45分）[1]列宁：“语言是最重要的人类交际工具。
”[2]张世禄：“语言是用声音来表达思想的。
语言有两方面，思想是它的内容，声音是它的外形；人类所以需要语言，因为有了思想，不能不把它表达出来。
这是根据人类的表现性的。
”[3]吕叔湘：“语言是什么?就是我们嘴里说的话……说话的效用受两种限制，空间和时间。
这两种限制都可以拿文字来突破……”[4]王力：“什么是语言?语言是表达思想或情感的工具。
……人类最普通的语言是用口说的，可以称为口语，也就是狭义的语言。
口语虽然便利，但是不能传远或传久，于是开化的或半开化的民族又创造文字来代替口语。
文字也是语言的一种，可称为书写的语言，或文语。
”[5]倪海曙：“我们平常口头上所说的语言或言语，都是口头上流思想，达到相互了解。
”[7]高名凯、石安石：“从语言本身的结构来说，语言是由词汇和语法构成的系统……这个系统中的每个成分即每个语言成分都是由声音和意义两个方面构成的。
”“就语言的基本职能来说，语言首先是交际工具……而且是思维工具。
”[8]赵元任：“语言是人跟人互通信息，用发音器官发出来的、成系统的行为方式。
”[9]北京大学《语言学纲要》教材：“语言是人类最重要的交际工具。
……语言是思维工具，也是认识成果的贮存所。
”[10]王希杰：“语言是一种社会现象……语言区别于其他社会现象的专门的特点是：（1）它是作为人们交际的工具、作为人们交流思想的工具来为社会服务的；（2）它是作为人们的思维工具来为社会服务的。
上海外国语大学 2016 年硕士研究生入学考试二外英语
上海外国语大学 2016 年硕士研究生入学考试英语二外（自命题）试题（考试时间 180 分钟，满分 100 分，共 11 页）I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)Directions: From the four choices given, choose ONE to complete the sentence.Section A: Grammar (15%, @1%)1.In an hour, we can travel to places __________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what2.________ men have learned much from the behavior of animals isbarely new.A That B. Those C. What D. Whether3. It is reported that a series of meetings _____ held about the best way to market the new product.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. have4. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself.A. injuredB. had injuredC. would injureD. injure5. ________ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. Had it not beenB. It were notC. Weren’t itD. Had not it been6. Anyone, once ____ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.A. to be testedB. being testedC. testedD. to test7. Hearing his words, I couldn’t decide _________ or remain.A. whether to go abroadB. if I go abroadC. if to go abroadD. to go abroad8. ----To build a factory is beneficial to the locals, but on the other hand, it will be not environmentally friendly.---- That’s_____ environmental protection organizations disagree.A. whatB. whereC. howD. which第1页共11页9. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used late for his lecture.A. to have studentsB. for students' beingC. for students to beD. to students' being10. I can’t meet you on Sunday. I’ll be ________ occupied.A. alsoB. justC. neverthelessD. otherwise11. They have eaten all the oranges on the table and ____ was left for me.A. noneB. nothingC. no oneD. not anything12. —May I go and play with Dick this afternoon，Mum?—No，you can’t go out________your work is being done.A. beforeB. untilC. asD. the moment13. Let’s not wait any longer, he might not ________ at all.A. turn overB. turn upC. used toD. turn down14. The car _______ halfway for no reason.A. broke offB. broke downC. broke upD. broke out15. Even as a girl, _____ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.A. performing by Melissa wereB.it was known that Melissa’s performances wereC.knowing that Melissa’s performances wereD.Melissa knew that performing wasSection B Vocabulary (15%, @1%)1. The ________ majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will help decrease the crime rate.A. overflowingB. overwhelmingC. prevalentD. premium2.The two most important ________ in making a cake are flour and sugar.A. elementsB. componentsC. ingredientsD. constituents3. Cultural ________ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another.A. translationB. transitionC. transmissionD. transaction4. No one knew that the apparently ________ businessman was really a criminal.A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectfulD. realistic5. If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of spiders that are alive today will have become ________.A. deterioratedB. degeneratedC. suppressedD. extinct第2页共11页6.In his last years, Henry suffered from a disease that slowly ________ him of much of his sight.A. relievedB. jeopardizedC. deprivedD. eliminated7. Because of the ________ of its ideas, the book was in wide circulation both at home and abroad.A. originalityB. subjectivityC. generalityD. ambiguity8.My sister is quite ________ and plans to get an M. A. degree within one year.A.aggressiveB. enthusiasticC. considerateD. ambitious9.The manager tried to wave aside these issues as ________ details that would be settled later.A. versatileB. trivialC. preliminaryD. alternate10. With its own parliament and currency and a common ________ for peace, the European Union declared itself—in 11 official languages—openfor business.A. inspirationB. assimilationC. intuitionD. aspiration11. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ________ of a brilliant career.A. thresholdB. edgeC. porchD. course12. Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an________ spur to efficiency and innovation.A. extravagantB. exquisiteC. intermittentD. indispensable13. In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction,foresaw many of the technological wonders that are ________ today.A. transientB. commonplaceC. implicitD. elementary14. The advance of globalization is challenging some of our most ________ values and ideas, including our idea of what constitutes “home”.A. enrichedB. enlightenedC. cherishedD. chartered15. Researchers have discovered that ________ with animals in an active way may lower a person’s blood pressure.A. interactingB. integratingC. migratingD. mergingII. Cloze Test (15%, @1%)Directions: Fill in each blank of the following passage with an appropriate word.Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need第3页共11页movement and exercise, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 3 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of newintellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 4 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 5 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 6to plan activities inwhich thereare more winners thanlosers, 7 ,publishing newsletters with many student written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of smallclubs can provide 8 opportunities for leadership,aswell as forpracticein successful 9 dynamics. Making friends is extremelyimportant to teenagers, and many shy students need the 10 of somekind of organization with a s upportive adult 11 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 12 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the otherparticipants 13. This does not mean thatadults must acceptirresponsibility. 14 , they can help students acquire a senseofcommitment by planning for roles that are within their 15 and their attention spans and by shavings clearly stated rules.1. A. thought B. idea C. opinion D. advice2. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance3. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because4. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance5. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed6. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise7.A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense8.A. durable B. excessive C. surplus D. multiple9. A. group B. individual C. personnel D. corporation10. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security11. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely12. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if13. A. off B. down C. out D. alone14. A. On the contrary B. On the averageC. On the wholeD. On the other hand15. A. capabilities B. responsibilities C. proficiency D. efficiencyIII. Reading Comprehension (30%, @1.5%)Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1In the early days of nuclear power, the United States made money on it. But today opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor "meltdown". Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don't expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change in Washington.The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during, or even after, construction,an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-not-necessary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct or operate. But the victory often costs so much that the utility ends up abandoning the plant anyway.A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York's Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticut, both ordered in the mid-60's. Millstone, completed for $ 101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinuclear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost over $ 5 billion and delayed its use for many years.Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start up, used his power to force New York's public-utilities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands第5页共11页of homes, sits rusting.1.The author's attitude toward the development of nuclear power is______.A. negativeB.neutralC. positiveD.questioning2.What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?A.The inefficiency of the Nuclear Regulation Commission.B.The enormous cost of construction and operation.C.The length of time it takes to make investigations.D.The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.3.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that______.A.there are not enough safety measures in the U. S. for running new nuclear power plantsB.it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in the U.S.C.there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S.D.the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the U. S.ernor Mario Cuomo's chief intention in proposing the settlement was to_______.A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operationB. urge the power company to further increase its power supplyC.permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditions D.help the power company to solve its financial problems5.The phrase "single out" is closest in meaning to_______.A. delayB. end upC. completeD. separatePassage 2Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the world’s largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife.The streams, lakes, meadows, mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature第6页共11页Conservancy named the area one of America’s “Last Great Places”.Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy’s bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.Altemose’s family has farme d in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his family’s land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson.Cook attributes the Conservancy’s success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents “The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecti ng with the local community,” Cook said. “The people who live there respect the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation effort.For more information on how you can help the Nature Conservancy protect the Poconos and the world’s other “Last Great Places,” please call1-888-564 6864 or visit us on the World Wide Web at .6.The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of America’s “Last Great Places” is to ________.A. gain support from the local communityB.protect it from irresponsible development C.make it a better home for black bearsD. provide financial security for future generations7.We learn from the passage that ________.A.the population in the Pocono area is growingB.wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidlyC.the security of the Pocono residents is being threatenedD.farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast8. What is important in protecting the Poconos according to Cook?A.The setting up of an environmental protection websiteB.Support from organizations like The Nature ConservancyC.Cooperation with the local residents and business leadersD.Inclusion of farmlands in the region’s protection program第7 页共11 页9.What does Bud Cook mean by “having a local presence” (Line 1, Para. 5)?A. Financial contributions from local business leadersB.Consideration of the interests of the local residentsC. The establishment of a wildlife protection foundation in the areaD. The setting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono area10.The passage most probably is ________.A.an official documentB.a news storyC.an advertisementD. a research reportPassage 3Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, men’s and women’s roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women’s liberation, produced第8页共11页additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional women’s jobs as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.11.Which of the following best express the main idea of Paragraph 1?A. Women usually worked outside the home for wages.B. Men and women’s roles were easily exchanged in the past.C.Men’s roles at home were more firmly fixed than women’s.D. Men and women’s roles were usually quite separated in the past.12.Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. The first sentence.B. The second and the third sentences.C. The fourth sentence.D. The last sentence.13. In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture___.A. destroyed the United States.B. transformed some American values.C.was not important in the United States.D.brought people more leisure time with their families.14. It could be inferred from the passage that___.A.men and women will never share the same goals.B.some men will be willing to exchange their traditional male roles.C.most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wives.D.more American households are headed by women than ever before.15. The best title for the passage may be ___.A.Results of Feminist Movements.B.New influence in American Life.C.Counterculture and Its consequence.D.Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles.Passage 4What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays第9页共11页an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.16. Many people believe that science helps society to progress throughA. applied knowledge.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.17.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?第10 页共11 页A.It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B.It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C.It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D.It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting. 18.According to the passage, a successful scientist would notA.easily believe in unchecked statements.B.easily criticize others' research work.C.always use his imagination in work.D.always use evidence from observation. 19.What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modem society.C.Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.D.How to become a successful scientist.20. What is the author's attitude towards the topic?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Biased.D. Unclear.IV. Writing (25%):Please write an essay of no less than 150 words on the title of “My View on Independence and Self-reliance”. The following statements are for your reference.1.God helps those who help themselves.2.Everyman is the architect of his own fortune.You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, language and organization.第11页共11页。
2016年上外二外考试大纲
据上海外国语大学研究生院消息，2015年上海外国语大学自命题外语或第二外国语考试大纲已经公布，详情如下：1、英语二外（自命题）：英语二外考试题型与难度与英语四级相似，包括（1）词汇与语法；（2）完型填空；（3）阅读理解；（4）英语写作四个方面。
2、俄语二外（自命题）：考查学生对俄语词汇和语法等基础知识的掌握及读、写、译等技能的运用。
题型包括词组翻译（以汉译俄为主）、联词成句、多项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、短文翻译（以俄译汉为主）、短文写作等。
3、日语二外（自命题）：日语基础：考察考生的日语综合能力。
具体如下：（1）词汇量。
（1-a）标注假名、写汉字、外来语翻译成中文。
（2）语法知识点考察。
（2-a）助词、助动词等语法词的填空。
（2-b）语法句型的选用等。
（3）文章的阅读理解。
翻译：单句汉译日、短文日译汉。
3、法语（自命题）/法语二外（自命题）：考试内容包括语法、词汇两大部分，题型可分为填空、选择、短文、阅读理解等。
主要测试考生词汇、语法的掌握情况，以及短文阅读理解的能力。
法语（自命题）难度高于法语二外（自命题）。
4、德语（自命题）/德语二外（自命题）：德语语言的综合能力，包括语法、词汇，阅读，也包括德汉翻译技能、德语写作技能等。
德语（自命题）难度高于德语二外（自命题）6、西班牙语（自命题）/西班牙语二外（自命题）：主要通过笔试形式考查考生的西班牙语运用能力，包括对西语语言知识、如冠词、前置词、动词变位的掌握；对短文的阅读理解和归纳；西汉互译能力，书面表达能力等。
题型包括填空、选择、翻译、阅读等。
西班牙语（自命题）难度高于西班牙语二外（自命题）：7、阿拉伯语（自命题）/阿拉伯语二外（自命题）：语言内容（词语变化与选择）语言阅读理解（短文阅读、判断、回答问题）语言运用实践（1）短文翻译（中译阿、阿译中）（2）写作阿拉伯语（自命题）难度高于阿拉伯语二外（自命题）8、意大利语（自命题）/意大利语二外（自命题）：考查意大利语言方面的能力，包括语法应用、文章阅读和理解、意汉互译以及基础的运用意大利语进行短文写作的能力等。
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二考研真题及答案（完整版）
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness __6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. __7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier .But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more lik ely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was __15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality. __17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer s doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer -term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the fut ure. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher. 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion 3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary 4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism 5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change 6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed 7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often 8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered 9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize 第 1 页 共 18 页2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二考研真题及答案（完整版）Section 1 Use of English 第2 页 共18 页10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods 11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable 12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke 13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare 14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced 15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never 16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally 17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since 18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes 19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out 1. [标准答案] [C]how [考点分析] 连词辨析连词辨析[选项分析] 根据语境，“新发现表明：快乐可能会影响工作__的稳定。
上海外国语大学考研自命题二外英语真题2010年
上海外国语大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试英语（自命题）试题（考试时间180分钟，满分100分，共9页）I.vocabulary and structure(30%)Dircetions:form the four choices given,choose ONE to complete the sentence.Section A:structure(15%,@1%)1.The anthor thanked all those who have helped to make this a better book than it______A.should beB.would have beenC.would beD.would otherwise have been2.He is_____than a busineddman.A.much a scholarB.a scholarC.more a scholarD.as a scholar3.She is one of those women who I am sure,always do____best both in their family and in their profession.A.herB.theirC.one’sD.the4._____the poem is to understad,the professor successfully made it understood by the students.A.As difficultB.Difficult asC.Though difficultD.Difficult5.I____live in Shanghai than in a remote village.A.would ratherB.preferC.like toD.had better6.The manager often has his staff____in the office after work.A.stayingB.to stayC.to be stayingD.stay7.I am now a freshman in university.By the year2015,I____for about two years.A.will workB.will be workingC.will have been workingD.have worked8.”I saw Mary in the library yesterday.”“You____her,she is still in her hometown and hasn’t been back to school yet.”A.can’t have toB.mustn’t have beenC.can’t seeD.mustn’t see9.The student listened carefully_____he might find out where the teacher put emphasis on.A.for fear thatB.in order thatC.in case thatD.provided that10.The photos taken by a digital camera are_____than those taken by a conventional camera.A.much clearerB.more clearerC.much more clearerD.much clear11.____we went swimming.A.Being a hot dayB.The day being outC.It was a hot dayD.To be a hot day12.If he dares not to fight against the cnemy,he is_____.A.not enough of a manB.not enough as a manC.not enough of manD.not a man enough13.TOEFL is a test for students____native langnage is not English.A.whoB.theirC.whichD.whose14.We saw a new film at the cinema._____we had supper at a restaurant.A.then whichB.after whichC.after thatD.in which15.The doctor sent hin to bed,saying he was much______.A.very illB.illC.too illD.ill enoughSection B.Vocabulary(15%,@1%)1.The travelers sought shelter_____the rain and happened to find a roadside inn.A.fromB.byC.forD.with2.The old patient can’t hope to____her cold in a few days.A.get awayB.get offC.get outD.get over3.After much negotiation we have____the tenns of the contract.A.agreedB.agreed onC.agreed toD.agreed with4.The actors have to_____before they appear in front of the strong lights on television.A.make upB.cover upC.paint upD.do up5.In most of the universities_____are required to take more courses than postgraduates.A.pupilsB.undergraduatesC.juniorsD.seniors6.The servant hit the vase with his cibow and it_____to the floor.A.smashedB.brokeC.konckedD.crashed7.My parents____me to come back home for the Christmas break or they would miss me very much.A.convincedB.suggestedC.advisedD.insisted8.The receptionist at the hotel told me that all rooms had been____.A.arrangedB.filled inedD.reserved9.It is_____knowledge in the class that William is the best student in every subject.monB.ordinaryC.normalual10.He spoke clearly and____and we could understand every world he said.A.distinctivelyB.disringuishableC.distinguishedD.distinctly11.Freshmen often find it difficult to____thenselves to new environment.A.adopt Badapt C.fit D.suit12.The manager never take previous working experience into____when he fixes the staff’s saiary.A.accountB.mindC.thoughtD.thinking13.The audience burst into____when the lecturer quoted a humorous story.ughughtersughingughter14.Having failed in the exam,the boy went home in____spirits.A.coldB.lowC.deepD.empty15.Mrs.Henry is so____about her dress that her husband often gets impatient.A.specialB.peculiarC.particularD.especialⅡCloze(20%,@1%)Directions;For each blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank.Passage oneWhen I was about twelve.I suddenly developed a great passion__1__writeing poetty.I gave up all other hobbies,such as__2__stamps,and spent all my__3__time readying poetry and writing it. This habit of writing poetry on every possible__4__soon got me into trouble at school.If a lesson did not interest me,I would take out my notebook and atarted writeing poems in class.Of course I did this very__5__,but it was not long before I got caught.One day while I was busy writing a poem during a geography lesson I looked up to find the teacher standing beside me,fuming with anger because I was convinced that I had writen a good poem,so that evening I wrote it out again from memory.Not long after,I read about a poetry contest and I decided to send in my poem. Weeks later,ong after I had given up hope,I get a letter informing me I had won fiest__8__. Everyone at school was very impressed except the geography teacher,who__9__me more carefullythan ever.He was quite__10__that I was not going to write poetry in his lesson.1.A.for B.in C.on D.at2.A.arranging B.collecting C.gathering D.keeping3.A.additional B.extra C.other D.spare4.A.chance B.moment C.occasion D.time5.A.anxiously B.attentively C.eautiously D.silently6.A.calling B.devoting C.attracting D.paying7.A.warning B.notice C.word D.look8.A.position B.prize C.reward D.victory9.A.guarded B.inspected C.observed D.watched10.A.determined B.annoyed C.fixed D.assuredPassage twoTo others and themselves the Brithish have a requtation__11__being conservatiove-out in the__12__political sense,but in the sense of adherence to accepted ideas and unwilligness to question__13__.The reputation comes partly from their history.For900years they have suffered __14__invasion nor revolution nor disastrous defear in war.Their monarchy__15__without serious question.Under its nominal leadership the political arrangements have been__16__ stable that,except for the two interruptions in the seventeenth century,they have been adapted throughout the centuries to__17__chanding needs without violent changes.Britain,in1978,was __18__in managing without a written constitution;some fragmentary definitions of1688still survived.There had been bitter quarrels,social and economic as well as political,but the quarrels had been settled,usually__19__compromise.The__20__continuity had not been broken.11.A.of B.for C.in D.to12.A.limited B.restrieted C.narrow D.broad13.A.it B.them C.him D.her14.A.neither B.eirther C.nor D.both15.A.lives B.survives sts D.stands16.A.as B.very C.too D.so17.A.take B.make C.dentand D.meet18.A.unique B.only C.one D.single19.A.for B.as C.with D.by20.A.under B.lying C.underlying D.undergoingⅢ.Reading comprehension(30%,@2%)Directiong:In this part there are three passages.Each passages is followed by five questions.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Paaage oneThe econimic conditions that necessitate the construction of very high buildings on narrow lots first emerged as a decisive factor in New Yock City.Intensive land use,with the resulting speculative traffic in real estate was itself a consequence of more powerful and pervasive forces. Industrial expansion was the primary factory and in the period following the American Civil Was much of that expansion continned to be concentrated in New England and the Middle Atlantic atates.Financial institutions had long been located mainly in Boston,but the center was rapidly shifting to New York around the time of the War.A new pattern of close interdependence among industries demanded centralization of business administration.The leadership of New York Cityas an occan port,along with its proximity to major attract.once established.has never wanted even today.It is a primary administrative and banking center.The financial resouneces for the high bulidingd were there,the advelopment of safe elevator transportation and the organisztion of construction facilities soon made them a reality.1.Which of the following would be title for the passage?A.New Patterns of Transportation in the Middle Atlantic States.B.Buying Real Estate for Speculation in New English。
上海外国语大学英专考研真题
2010年日语二外日语：对日语并没太上心，平时看也权当放松调节，也跟很多人一样，把副词、词组、不会的语法全都抄下来，就是没有背下来> <日语应该有九道题，共四页，（看试卷的时候窃笑，后来就笑不出来了）假名汉字各六分。
第三题应该是助词选择三选一，共十题，也不难。
第一页纯粹是送分。
第四道大题就是那些副词，选词填空13个词选10个（大概我对选词填空有阴影，都是英综完型害的吧><），头就开始大了，きらきらひらひらどころがかかわらず（记不清了），只记得有一句是孩子明眸闪闪，就是填きらきら。
第五题也是选词，我全傻了，10分，一题2分，之前的题都是一分，都是和ない组成的词，好像有个すまない，忘了，那五题我全用蒙的。
第六题还是选择，记不清考什么了，二选一，不难。
日译汉四题20分，很长，翻完写了A4纸满满一页，第二小题是欧美商务和个人事务分开，日本则是在酒桌娱乐场所谈生意。
第三小题是孩子不是父母的东西，父母都知道，他们说孩子想干什么就干什么，可又说你们不能干这个不能干那个，第四小题是知之为知之不知为不知，别不懂装懂，不懂要问。
（我说的比较玄乎，大概内容是那些，第一小题我忘了）。
汉译日五句话15分好像，给关键词组，第一句是“我有没有写名字，以防万一我还是看一下（念のため）”。
还有一句是“经过商量，小李他们决定元旦做牛肉盖浇饭（に決める）”。
那天中午我去永和豆浆吃的就是牛肉盖浇饭，摊手。
最后一句是“据我所知，大家都到会场了（限る之类的真想不起来了）”。
最后两篇阅读，也是送分题，不难。
今年难度集中在第二页第三页，就是副词那块，和蹩脚的日汉翻译。
有人说上外难度接近JLPT2级，我觉得副词那块可能比二级有些略难，二级改革后什么样我不知道，但二级改革前没那么难。
有几个副词压根在新编三本没见过，其它都只有三级水平吧，还是四级。
没必要纠结到底上外的二外和二级哪个难，二级最难的是听力，我考的时候周围一圈日语专业的小盆友笑得前仰后翻的我在那白眼望天，摊手无奈……这两个，个人感觉没有可比性。
16年英语考研真题
16年英语考研真题IntroductionThe English language proficiency test for postgraduate admission in 2016 posed significant challenges to candidates. This article aims to analyze and discuss the key aspects of the 2016 English Language Graduate Examination. It will delve into the test structure, question types, and provide insights for effective preparation.Test StructureThe 2016 English Language Graduate Examination consisted of three sections: Translation, Language Knowledge and Reading Comprehension, and Writing. Each section had its own set of challenges and required different skill sets.TranslationThe translation section tested candidates' ability to translate sentences from Chinese to English. It assessed their comprehension and proficiency in both languages. The key to excelling in this section was a strong foundation in grammar, vocabulary, and an understanding of syntactic differences between English and Chinese.Language Knowledge and Reading ComprehensionThis section aimed to evaluate candidates' language proficiency, including their knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension skills. It comprised multiple-choice questions, sentence completion, and reading comprehension passages. Candidates needed todemonstrate a thorough understanding of English language rules, idiomatic expressions, and the ability to comprehend complex text.WritingThe writing section challenged candidates to showcase their writing skills through various types of essays or articles. It required coherent and cohesive writing, supported by well-structured arguments and appropriate use of vocabulary and grammar. The topics covered a wide range of subjects, such as current affairs, social issues, and personal experiences. A strong focus on organization and clarity of expression were crucial for success.Insights for Effective PreparationBased on the 2016 English Language Graduate Examination, the following strategies can help candidates better prepare for future exams:1. Strengthen Language Fundamentals: Building a strong foundation in grammar, vocabulary, and syntax is essential. Candidates should focus on improving accuracy and fluency in both spoken and written English.2. Reading Practice: Regularly reading English texts, such as newspapers, magazines, and academic articles, can enhance vocabulary, comprehension, and overall language proficiency. It is also helpful for developing analytical skills needed for the reading comprehension section.3. Writing Practice: Regularly practicing writing essays, articles, and letters can help improve writing skills. Candidates should pay attention to coherence, organization, and clarity while expressing their ideas and arguments effectively.4. Time Management: Time management is crucial during the exam. Simulating the test environment during practice sessions will help candidates become familiar with the time restrictions and prioritize their responses accordingly.5. Mock Tests: Taking mock tests under timed conditions allows candidates to assess their strengths and weaknesses and identify areas for improvement. Analyzing the results and seeking feedback can help refine strategies and boost overall performance.ConclusionThe 2016 English Language Graduate Examination tested candidates' language proficiency and ability to comprehend and communicate effectively in English. Understanding the test structure, honing language skills, and practicing under simulated exam conditions are key to success. Through consistent preparation and strategic approaches, candidates can enhance their performance and improve their opportunities for postgraduate study effectively.。
上海外国语大学考研二外法语模拟题2016
上海外国语大学2016硕士研究生统考法语（自命题）模拟试题(考试时间180分钟，满分100分)Partie I–GrammaireI.Remplacez les trous par une préposition:(10%)1)Nous ne renoncerons pas les convaincre.2)Je vous félicite avoiréchappéleur poursuite.3)N’ayant pas un sou lui,ilétait obligése passer déjeuner.4)Un de ses voeux les plus chers semblait près se réaliser.5)Nous sommes décidés tenir jusqu’au bout.6)J’irai m’établir la campagne,et ce sera toujours.7)Je partagerai vous les fatigues et les dangers de cette entreprise.8）Il aétéle premier dirigeant chinois se rendre aux Etats-Unis.9）Il se plaint votre froideur.10）Vous allezàParis?Voilàle train Paris.plétez les phrases par le pronom qui convient procédéd’une préposition,si cela est nécessaire:(10%)1)Mon ami va passer quatre semaines en Europe pendant il voyagera beaucoup.2)Il a des amis chez il s’arrêtera pendant quelques jours.3)Voici la raison pour nous ne voulons pas quitter cette ville.4)Il y a des immeubles n’ont pas d’ascenseurs.5)La musique ils m’ont faitécouter m’intéresse beaucoup.6)Dans la région je viens,il n’y a pas beaucoup d’usines.7)La table sur tu poses la télécarte et le téléphone sans fil est de meilleurequalité.8)Il rencontrera beaucoup d’amisétrangers,parmi deux ou trois Français.9)Nous avons reçu dix visiteurs français six sontétudiants.10)C’est le chemin l’on doit passer.III.Mettez les verbes entre parenthèses au mode et au temps convenables.(15%)1)(pouvoir)-vous m’aider?2)(être)attentifs en classe!3)Quand il m’a téléphoné,la directrice(déjàpartir).4)Je resteàla maison,bien qu’il(faire)beau.5)J’espère que tout(se passer)comme prévu.6)(ne pas avoir)assez d’argent,ils n’ont pas pu acheter ce poste de télévision.7)(lire)plusieurs romans de cet auteur,on le connaîtra mieux.8)Si je(partir)un peu plus tôt,je n’aurais pas manquéle train.9)Il ferait un temps formidable si le vent(être)moins fort.10)Ilétait presque minuit,je(regarder)la télévision,quand mon fils est rentré.11)Ils déjeunent(attendre)leurs amis.12)Quand je suis arrivé,j’ai vu le directeur(entrer)dans son bureau.13)A ce temps-là,elle avait des tas de travail.Mais elle m’a expliquéque plus tard,elle(avoir)besoin de rencontrer son avocat.14)J’essayais de t’appeler plusieurs fois ce matin,mais ou biença ne répondait pas,ou bienc’était occupé.Qu’est ce qui te(arriver)?15)Il(pleuvoir)quand je suis arrivéàParis.IV.Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire(15%)1）ce soit,il faut observer les règlements de l’usine.A.Quel queB.Qui queC.Quoi queD.Quoique2）Je n’ai pas puàsa proposition;et j’y suis alléavec lui.A.résisterB.refuserC.lutterD.vaincre3）Le métro de Beijing est plus pratique maintenant.Avec le même billet,on peut changer de train que cela vous plaît.A.beaucoup de foisB.plusieurs foisC.plus de foisD.autant de fois4）Vous voilàrentréde votre longue tournée la Chine.A.au traversB.en traversC.àtraversD.de travers5）On n’a rencontrépersonne pendant les séjours d’ici.A.très gentilleB.de très gentilleC.très gentilD.de très gentil6）Les yeux de cet animal sont pleins de feu.A.bruns sombresB.bruns sombreC.brun sombreD.brun sombres7）La délégation arriveraàParis avril.A.le mardi2B.mardi le2C.mardi2D.le mardi au28）En français,le frère de ma femme c’est mon.A.cousinB.neveuC.beau-frèreD.grand frère9）Churchill et de Gauleétaient deux hommes politiques,était Français,était Anglais.A.celui-ci;celui-làB.celui-là;celui-làC.celle-ce;celle-làD.celle-là;celle-ci10）Le repos est nécessaire après travail si dur.A.duB.unC.leD.son11）La mère ne permet pasàses enfants de la télévision tous les jours.A.voirB.regarderC.faireD.discuter12）est son adresse?mentB.QuiC.QuelleD.Qu’13）L’autoroute est fermée une collision entre deux camions.A.àla suite d’B.en prévision d’C.en conséquence d’D.préalablementà14）Ce gâteau est vraiment délicieux;j’aimerais bien en connaître. recette façon manière formule15）Son baladeur ne marche pas.Elle réparer par un technicien.A.va leB.va faire leC.le va faireD.va le fairePARTIE II CompréhensionLisez les deux textes,choisissez la bonne réponse:20%Qui sont les600000Chinois de France?Il y a tout juste50ans，le27janvier1964,Mao et le général de Gaulle décidaient en pleine guerre froide d’établir des relations diplomatiques entre la Chine et la France.Paris et Pékin commémorent cet anniversaire.De nombreuxévénements sont prévus ces prochaines semaines dont un«Paris-Pékin»àvélo,ou encore ce lundi soir au Grand PalaisàParis,grande soirée;«Nuit de Chine».Ils sont600000Chinois de France.Certains ont un passeport français,et sont d’origine chinoise,les autres ont un passeport double nationalitéfranco-chinoise n’existe pas.Ils viennent de deux régions du sud de la Chine,différentes selon qu’ils sont de la première ou de la deuxième vague d’immigration,avec chacune sa langue.«La moitiédes Chinois de France sont des gens qui venaient au départ du Vietnam,du Laos ou du Cambodge.Ils vivaient dans la région de Canton avant d'arriver en France dans les années70.Ce sont les"boat people".Les autres300 000sont arrivées entre1980et2008car depuis l'immigration a sérieusement ralenti.Et eux viennent de quelques villages montagneux autour de la ville de Whenzou,au sud de Shanghai», détaille Richard Behara,chercheur spécialiste de la diaspora chinoise en France.Il existe enfin l’immigration chinoise dont on parle le plus ces dernières années,originaire cette fois du nord,de la région de Dongbeiàla limite de la Corée du nord.Pour l’essentiel ce sont des femmes de cette région qui arrivent en France,via des réseaux clandestins,appelés les«têtes de serpents».Ces femmes se retrouvent seules dans le quartier BellevilleàParis.Mais ce ne sont que quelques centaines,peut-être quelques milliers de personnes.Une immigration marginale même si c’est celle dont on parle le plus.1.Qui sont les600000Chinois de France?A.Les Chinois qui ont visitéla France depuis1964.B.Les Chinois qui habitent en France aujourd’hui.C.Les immigrés chinois clandestins en France.D.Lesétudiants chinois qui apprennent le français.2.Un«Paris-Pékin»àvélo doitêtreA.une métaphore des longues relations sino-françaises.B.un salon de bicyclettesàParis etàPékinC.une courseàvélo de ParisàPékin.D.un musée de vélos créédans les deux capitales.3.Dans ce texte,on divise l'immigration chinoise en périodes ou vagues?A.deuxB.troisC.quatreD.cinq4.Dans le contexte de ce texte,la«diaspora chinoise»signifie:A.l’étendue du pays de Chine. communautéchinoise en France.C.l’image des Chinois aux yeux des Français.D.les Chinois originaires du Sud de la Chine.5.Pourquoi l’auteur considère-t-il la dernière vague d'immigration comme«marginale»?A.Parce que ces immigrés viennent de Dongbeiàla limite de la Corée du nord.B.Parce que ce sont plutôt des femmes qui arrivent en France.C.Parce qu’on en parle le plus.D.Parce qu’il s’agit d’un nombre limitéd’immigrés clandestins.Minceur:misez sur la couleurLes beaux jours sont enfin revenus et vous vousêtes aperçu que votre organisme avait profitéde l’hiver pour faire quelques réserves...Ne culpabilisez pas!En hiver,lesétals font grise mine et on a vite fait de se laisser tenter par les plats bien riches(et très caloriques)pour se remonter le moral.Maintenant,les couleurs sont revenues sur les marchés et il est temps d’en profiter pour perdre vos rondeurs.Fruits et légumes,de fidèles alliés:Les fibres des fruits et légumes facilitent le transit,leur richesse en eau et en oligo-éléments en font des diurétiques naturels très efficaces.Quant aux minéraux et aux vitamines qu’ils contiennent,il vous permettent de mincir en forme,sans fatigue ni coup au moral.Mettez des cruditésàvos menus:tomates,salades vertes variées(laitue,mâche, scarole,chicorée,cresson...),concombre,fenouil et carottes vous autorisent une appétissante variété.En plat principal,évitez les viandes rougues.Préférez un poisson,une viande blanche oude la volaille(sans la peau qui concentre les graisses)accompagnée de haricots verts,d’épinards, de bettes ou de céleri...Pensez toujoursày ajouter une petite ration de glucides lents qui vous«calent»l’estomac pour un moment(riz,pâtes,pommes de terre),en freinant sur l’assaisonnement.Fromage et dessert:Pour le fromage,mettez un frein:plus ils sont«durs»,plus il sont riches en graisses.Choisissez les pâtes molles et limitez les quantités,mais ne vous privez pas complètement:vous risqueriez de craquer!Au dessert,les fruits sont les bienvenus,en particulier cuits.Lors de la cuisson,ajoutez une pomme aux autres fruits pour son pouvoir naturellement sucrant(cela vousévitera de rajouter une ou deux cuillerées de sucre).Pour amplifier et accélérer les résultats,vous pouvez aussi essayer des compléments alimentaires qui activent l’élimination et calment les fringales.1.Dans le titre,«misez sur la couleur»veut dire:A.Profitez des variétés de fruits et de légumesB.Profitez des viandes rouges et blanchesC.Manquillez-vous parce qu’étant mince,vous faites grise mineD.Profitez des variétés de fromages et de desserts2.«Votre organisme avait profitéde l’hiver pour faire quelsques réservés»:A.Votre marchés’était réservéde vendre tout son stock.B.Votre marchéavait fait des approvisionnements.C.Votre entreprise avait fait des commandes pour le personnel.D.Votre corps s’était engraissé.3.Les«crudités»sont iciA.les viandes cruesB.les légumes crusC.les fruits crusD.les fromages«durs»4.Quels aliments sont riches en glucides lents?A.Tomates,salades vertes,concombres,fenouil et carottes.B.Peau de la volaille.C.Haricots verts,épinards,bettes,céléri.D.Riz,pâtes,pommes de terre5.Pour quelle raison l’auteur propose-t-il d’ajouter une pomme aux autres fruits pourpréparer le dessert?A.Les fibres de la pomme facilitent le transit mieux que les autres fruitsB.Elle est plus riche en eau et en oligo-élémentsC.Son pouvoir naturellement sucrant vousévitera de rajouter du sucre au dessertD.Elle active l’élimination et calme les fringalesPARTIE III TraductionA.Traduisez le texte en chinois:15%Votre voisin se plaint régulièrement de vos nuisances sonores?Opposez-lui par un argument imparable:la Fête des voisins.L’opération,qui a pris une envergure nationale en 2000,a germédans une prise de conscience brutale:la découverte d’une femmeâgée décédée chez elle dans l’isolement le plus lutte contre la déchéance de la solidaritédevient alors une idée du jeuneélu de la mairie du XVIIème arrondissement,qui commenceàse mobiliser dans le périmètre de son quartier.Depuis,une association aétécréée et l’événement a pris l’ampleur:9millions de personnesàl’échelle mondiale ont mis leur immeuble en fête l’année dernière,contre500000 il y a dix ans.C’estàpartir de2003que la manifestation s’exporteàl’étranger,notamment dans les pays limitrophes de la France.Puis elle aétérelayée par la comission européenne et s’étend aujourd’huiàune trentaine de pays,dont les Etats-Unis,le Mexique ou le Japon.Avec cette10èmeédition,la Fête des voisins s’étend au continent africainàl’initiative de l’association«Voisins Solidaires-Togo».B.Traduisez en français:15%1）森林使这个村庄免受北风袭击。
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目录
2016年上海外国语大学250英语二外（自命题）考研真题试题试卷 (2)
上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试
英语二外（自命题）试题
（考试时间180分钟，满分100分，共 11页）
I. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%)
Directions: From the four choices given, choose ONE to complete the sentence.
Section A: Grammar (15%, @1%)
1. In an hour, we can travel to places __________ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. what
2. ________ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is barely new.
A That B. Those C. What D. Whether
3. It is reported that a series of meetings _____ held about the best way to market the new product.
A. was
B. were
C. has
D. have
4. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself.
A. injured
B. had injured
C. would injure
D. injure
5. ________ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.
A. Had it not been
B. It were not
C. Weren’t it
D. Had not it been
6. Anyone, once ____ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A. to be tested
B. being tested
C. tested
D. to test
7. Hearing his words, I coul dn’t decide _________ or remain.
A. whether to go abroad
B. if I go abroad
C. if to go abroad
D. to go abroad
8. ----To build a factory is beneficial to the locals, but on the other hand, it will be not environmentally friendly.
---- That’s_____ environmental protection organizations disagree.
A. what
B. where
C. how
D. which
第1页共11页。