现在分词

The people sitting behind us are all teachers.
=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.
The expert coming from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai. =The expert who comes from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai.
used as Object Complement 3. The -ing form — （-ing形式作宾语补足语）
小结（4）： -ing形式作宾补：
。通常补充说明宾语的特征和情况. 。注意：在see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等动词 后，用doing构成的复合宾语，表示动作正在进行； 而 do 表示动作的全过程，即动作已结束。
Not knowing what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help. =Because he didn’t know what to do next, he turned to the teacher for help. Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week. =Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn’t go last week.
have grown better. = If they had been given more attention, the
trees could have grown better.
（4）作让步状语 - ing 短语作让步状语，可置于句首或句末，常与
even if, though 连用。如：
.Though working from morning till night, his
being written
having+ done
被动式
having having been having+ written written being+done
been+done
否定形式not +v-ing
一、The -ing form — used as Attribute
（-ing形式作定语）
classroom.
他们又唱又笑地走进教室。
(6)作方式状语 表示动作的方式： .Americans like travelling, driving their cars. .They often communicate with each other, using English. (7)作结果状语 表示动作的结果, 常置于句末可以与 so that，as a result等引导的结果状语从句互换。如： .Both his parents died in the war, leaving him alone in the world. .The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones. only to find *He went to the train station in haste,____________ (find) the train had left.
（2) 作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语，可以because， since，as等引导的原因状语从句互换且置于句首。 Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. =Because he was so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
6. You can see them performing __________ (perform)
every night this week at the New
Theatre.
7. I could hear them __________ whispering (whisper) to each other during the first part of the play. 8. We watched the army marching _______ (march) down the street towards the park.
=a man who is walking (2) a walking stick
= a stick for walking
What’s the difference between (1) and (2)?
1. The -ing form — • sleeping students • boiling water used as Attribute （V-ing 形式作定语） • the rising sun • people running the factories 小结（1）： -ing形式作定语： = people who run the 既可表示动作正在 factories 进行/或主动，此时 • a walking man 相当于一个定语从 = a man who is walking 句； • a walking stick = a stick for walking 又可表示所修饰名 • a booking office 词的性质或用途。 • a boring lecture
.We stood there talking to each other.
.The poor man sat by the road, begging. .They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the
Practice
Fill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.
1. Sixty million people _____ living (live) in rural areas are moving to the cities every year. 2. The bottle containing _________ (contain) the poison was sent to the laboratory.
father didn’t get enough food.
= Although his father worked from morning till night, he didn’t get enough food. 虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不 到足够的吃的。
(5)作伴随状语 表示两个动作同时发生（stand, sit, lie) , 置于句首或句末。如：
• We all found his argument convincing and interesting. • We have the fire burning all day. • I heard someone playing the violin in the next room. • We saw the teacher making the experiment. • I saw the girl get into the car and drive off.
2. The -ing form —
used as predicative (-ing形式作表语)
小结（3）： -ing形式作表语：
现在分词作表语: 通常表示主语的属性和特征.
• The destruction was frightening. • What you did was disappointing.
a running man
attribute
相当于： The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.
Rewrite the following sentences with
attributive clauses.
The teacher teaching us English is Ms Zhou. =The teacher who is teaching us English is Ms Zhou.
(3)作条件状语 -ing作条件状语置于句首或句末可以与if, unless 等 引导的条件状语从句互换。如： .Working hard, you will succeed.
= If you work hard百度文库 you will succeed. .Being given more attention, the trees could
sleeping students
a boring lesson
a smiling face
boiling water
flying kites
the rising sun
a dancing girl
(1) a swimming man
(2) a swimming pool
(1) a walking man
Grammar and usage
—used as an adjective or adverb
c n e r e f re
e
非 谓 语 动 词
不定式 过去分词 -ing 形式 现在分词
动名词
动名词和现在分词的时态和语态 时态和语态
时态
语态
主动
一般时
被 动
完成时
一般
完成
主动式
writing
v+ing
4. The -ing form — 作状语
小结（5）： -ing形式作状语：
-ing 短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句 子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或 伴随等情况。 -ing 短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作， 一般都可 以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。
1. 作时间状语 -ing短语作时间状语，可以与when, after等引导的时间 状语从句互换-ing 短语作时间状语要置于句首。如： Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。 Having received his letter, I decided to write back. = After I had received his letter, I decided to write back. 确收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。
1. The -ing form —
used as Attribute （V-ing 形式作定语） 小结（2）： -ing形式作定语：
. 单个的 -ing形式作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面； 相当于形容词，可加副词修饰; . –ing 短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词之后,可以转变成 定语从句. • It is a very moving film and it is well worth seeing. • Canada is an English-speaking country. • The people sitting behind us are all teachers. = The people who are sitting behind us are teachers. • The expert coming from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai. = The expert who comes from Lishui is a lady…
3. The man with sun-glasses standing ________
(stand) near a car is a detective.
4. The old lady talking ______ (talk) to the
children is a famous musician. 5. The person translating _________ (translate) the songs can speak seven languages.