必修三1
高一必修三unit1知识点总结
高一必修三unit1知识点总结高一必修三Unit1主要包括了对人的搜索和发现的充分认识以及对科学与技术的探索与发展的介绍。
下面将对该单元的主要内容进行总结。
一、人的搜索和发现1. 搜索与发现的过程：人们在面临问题或需求时，通过收集信息、提出假设、实验验证等过程进行搜索与发现。
2. 科学家的搜索与发现：科学家通过观察、实验、归纳，对未知事物进行探索，并建立科学理论，推动了科学的进步。
3. 自然界的奥秘和困惑：自然界中仍有许多未知的奥秘等待人们去发现和解答。
二、科学与技术的探索与发展1. 科学的定义：科学是人们对自然界的客观事物和规律进行的系统观察、实验和推理的过程，通过科学方法进行研究和探索。
2. 科学知识的特点：科学的知识是根据科学方法获得的，具有客观性、可验证性和可重复性等特点。
3. 科学发现对人类社会的影响：科学的发展促进了生产力的提高，改变了人们的生活方式，推动了社会进步。
4. 技术的定义：技术是将科学原理应用于生产实践，解决实际问题的一种手段和方法。
5. 科技与社会的关系：科技的进步对社会产生深远的影响，既推动了社会经济的发展，也带来了环境和道德等方面的问题，需要人们科学合理地进行应用和引导。
三、科学与人类社会1. 科学思维的培养：培养科学思维，注重观察和实践，能够帮助人们认识自然界，解决问题。
2. 科学伦理与社会责任：科学家在进行研究时应当遵守科学伦理规范，积极担负起社会责任，同时，整个社会也应当重视科学伦理的建设。
3. 科学阅读的重要性：通过科学阅读，人们可以获取科学知识，了解科学发展的最新成果，增强科学素养。
总之，高一必修三Unit1的内容主要围绕人的搜索和发现以及科学与技术的探索与发展展开，通过对这些内容的学习，可以培养学生的科学素养和科学思维，并了解科技与社会的关系。
对于学生们的未来科学研究和社会参与具有重要的意义。
高中生物必修三第一章第一节(整理版)
人体的内环境与稳态 细胞生活的环境
问题探讨：
• １．图１和图２各 是什么细胞？请说 出细胞的名称． • ２．它们分别生活 在什么样的环境中？ 两者的生活环境有 何异同？
血细胞
2.血细胞生活在血浆中。草履虫直接生活在外界水 讨论 环境中。两者生活环境的相似之处是：都是液体环 境；不同之处是：血细胞生活在体内的血浆中，并 它们分别生活在什么样的环境中？ 不直接与外界环境进行物质交换，而草履虫直接生 两者的生活环境有何异同？ 活在外界环境中；与外界环境相比，血浆的理化性 质更为稳定，如温度基本恒定等。
C 通过内环境进行交换； D 通过体液进行交换。
5. 人由于长期饥饿而导致身体浮肿是由于细胞外 液中的哪一部分增加引起的（ B）
A、血浆 B、组织液 C、淋巴 D、细胞质
第一关：
细胞外 细胞外液 细胞内 1 、体液包括 _______ 液和 ________ 液；其中的 _______ 就是内 环境。
2、下列不是内环境的是： A 血浆; B 血液； C 组织液 ; D 淋巴
1. 毛细血管和毛细淋巴管管壁细胞的生 活内环境分别是（ C ） ①血液和组织液 ②血浆和组织液
③淋巴和血浆
A、 ① ④ C、 ② ④
④淋巴和组织液
B、 ② ③ D、 ① ③
２．下列各项中，能视为物质进入内环境的 实例的是（ D ） A、精子进入输卵管中
B、牛奶被引入胃中
C、氧进入血液中的红细胞中 D、胰岛素被注射入皮下组织中
二、细胞外液(内环境）的成分
血浆的化学组成 水:在血浆中占90-92%. 有机化合物:蛋白质.脂类.氨基酸.葡萄糖.核苷酸. 维生素等. 无机离子:Na+.K+.Cl-的量较多. 气体:以O2和CO2最为重要。 调节生命活动的各种激素. 细胞代谢废物:除CO2外,还有尿素.尿酸等.
高中政治统编版必修三1
的、以工农联盟为基础 的人民共和国,经过新民 主主义走向社会主义。
被中国人民抛弃了，其
结 果
代表者的统治也被推翻 了。
没得到人民群众认可, 一它的多数代表者后 来也承认这个方案在 中国无法实现。
最终赢得包括民族资 产阶级在内的最广大 人民群众的拥护。
二、各种政治力量解决中国问题的方案：
2、20世纪上半叶中国出现的三种建国方案：
开始沦为半殖 半殖民地半封建 半殖民地半封
彻底沦为 半殖民
民地半封建社会
社会程度 加深 建社会程度 大大加深 地半封建社会
一、近代中国的基本国情和主要矛盾：
1、近代中国的基本国情： 名词点击 P4
半殖民地 形式上是独立自主的国 家，实际上政治、经济、 外交、军事等方面都受 到外国殖民主义的控制。 （政治地位）
第一单元 中国共产党的领导 第一课 历史和人民的选择
第一框 中华人民共和国成 立前各种政治力量
目录
01 近代中国的基本国情和主要矛盾 02 各种政治力量解决中国问题的方案 03 没有共产党就没有新中国
学习目标
核心素养
1.了解近代中国的基本国情、
政治认同：引导学生增强对“没有共 产党就没有新中国”的政治认同,明确
1、中国共产党的诞生： P5二
①思想基础： 1917年俄国十月革命一声炮响，给中 国送来了马克思列宁主义。
②阶级基础： 1919年五四运动后，工人阶级成为反帝 反封建的新民主主义革命的领导力量。
③党的初心使命：为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴。 ④意义： 从此，中国人民在斗争中就有了主心骨，看到了
一、近代中国的基本国情和主要矛盾：
3、近代中国社会的主要矛盾：
帝国主义和中华民族(民族矛盾)、封建主义和人民大众的矛盾（阶级矛盾）
高中英语必修3 Unit_1 必修三复习课件
7.好象 8.和…玩得开心 9. 期望、期待… 10. 获得独立 11.呈…形状 12. 用…装饰… 13.聚会，聚集 14.沉溺于；埋头 于
as though / as if have fun with sb. look forward to gain independence in the shape of decorate … with … get together be drowned in
义为 “过去常常做某事，而现在已经不 这么做了”。 I used to get up early in the morning when I was still a high school student.
4. At that time people would starve if food … starve v.
meaning n. 意义, 意思, 含义 meaningful adj. 意义深长的, 有意义的
Practice
1). 成功意味着工作努力。 Success means working hard.
2). 这个标志表示此路不通。 The sign means that the road is blocked.
艺；农学
9． award n．奖；奖品 vt.授予；判定 10． admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕→admiratino．n 羡慕 11． energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的
→ energy n．能量；精力
12． custom n．习惯；风俗 13． permission n．许可；允许→ permit
2）would用在此处表示过去的习惯、习性、 倾向等，意思是“过去常常……”，常与often, frequently, sometimes, for hours等连用，且动 词常用终止性的。
高中英语必修三 Unit 1
Discussion
• With a partner discuss which kinds of festival you think are the most important and which are the most fun. • From the text pick out three things that most festivals seem to have in common. Write down these three things , and talk with a partner about why you think they might be important to people everywhere.
Valentine’s Day (February 14th)
• Day to exchange messages of love with the object of one’s romantic interest. Usually observed through the gifting of roses and heart-shaped boxes of chocolates. The day gets its name from the Christian saint(圣徒） Valentine.
• Lantern Festival • January 15
• Dragon Boat Festival • May 5
Tomb-sweeping Day In mid March
Chinese Valentine's Day
July 7
1. mean 2. take place, happen, occur come about, break out 3. beauty 4. harvest
高中政治统编版必修三1
第一框 中华人民共和国成立前各种政治力量
知识逻辑
近代中国的基本国 情和主要矛盾
中华人民 共和国成 立前各种 政治力量
各种政治力量解决 中国问题的方案
没有共产党就没有 新中国
基本国情：半殖民地半封建社会 主要矛盾：帝国主义和中华民族、
封建主义和人民大众的矛盾 基本任务：民族独立、人民解放；
历史和人民的检验中 前 脱颖而出，最终成为 景
唯一正确的选择。
使命
意 义
中国人民在斗争中就 有了主心骨，看到了
解决中国问题的出路
和希望。
没有共产党就没有新中国
从北京城往西一百多千米，顺着一 条奔流的小溪，可以到达一个群山环 抱的小山村--堂上村。1943年，歌曲 《没有共产党就没有新中国》就诞生 在这里，并从这里传遍大江南北，经 久不衰。歌曲原名为《没有共产党就 没有中国》，后来，毛泽东作了修改， 在“中国”前面添加了“新”字。 1.为什么毛泽东要在“中国”前面加 了“新”字？ 2.说明你对“没有共产党就没有新中 国”的理解。
1900年 八国联军侵华战争
开始沦为半殖民 半殖民地半封建社会程 中国西南门
地半封建社会
度进一步加深
户洞开
《南京条约》
《北京条约》
《天津条约》
半殖民地半封建社 会程度大大加深 《马关条约》
完全沦为半殖民地 半封建社会 《辛丑条约》
P4名词点击:
半殖民地——形式上是独立的国家，实际上在政治、经济、军事、外交等方面都受到外
底反帝反封建的斗争。
工人阶级，农民阶级和城市小资产 阶级的建国方案
政治代表是中国共产党，其主要内 容是：在工人阶级及其政党的领导 下，通过新民主主义革命建立一个 工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基
人教版高中数学必修三第一章第1节 《1-1-2 程序框图与算法的基本逻辑结构》课件(共16张PPT)
否
x=y？
是 结束
循环结构一定包含条件结构，条件结构不一定包含循环结构.
直到型循环
直到型循环结构的特点：
输入x
1.先执行，后判断； 2.“是”结束，“否”循环.
否 x=y? 是
直到型（Until）
思考：循环终止条件改为“x≠y”，循环结构怎样改变？
当型循环
当型循环结构的特点
1.先判断，后执行；
知识重拾
开始 提出问题 算法分析 算法步骤 画程序框图
有无错误？ 无 结束
修改程序 有
课堂小结 循环结构的特点：
顺序
判断
直线型循环
先执行， 后判断
“是”结束， “否”循环
当型循环
先判断， “否”结束， 后执行 “是”循环
结构图
输入x
x=y?
否
是
x≠y? 否
输入x 是
1、只要有坚强的意志力，就自然而然地会有能耐、机灵和知识。2、你们应该培养对自己，对自己的力量的信心，百这种信心是靠克服障碍，培养意志和锻炼意志而获得的。 3、坚强的信念能赢得强者的心，并使他们变得更坚强。4、天行健，君子以自强不息。5、有百折不挠的信念的所支持的人的意志，比那些似乎是无敌的物质力量有更强大 的威力。6、永远没有人力可以击退一个坚决强毅的希望。7、意大利有一句谚语：对一个歌手的要求，首先是嗓子、嗓子和嗓子……我现在按照这一公式拙劣地摹仿为：对 一个要成为不负于高尔基所声称的那种“人”的要求，首先是意志、意志和意志。8、执着追求并从中得到最大快乐的人，才是成功者。9、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。 10、发现者，尤其是一个初出茅庐的年轻发现者，需要勇气才能无视他人的冷漠和怀疑，才能坚持自己发现的意志，并把研究继续下去。11、我的本质不是我的意志的结果， 相反，我的意志是我的本质的结果，因为我先有存在，后有意志，存在可以没有意志，但是没有存在就没有意志。12、公共的利益，人类的福利，可以使可憎的工作变为可 贵，只有开明人士才能知道克服困难所需要的热忱。13、立志用功如种树然，方其根芽，犹未有干；及其有干，尚未有枝；枝而后叶，叶而后花。14、意志的出现不是对愿 望的否定，而是把愿望合并和提升到一个更高的意识水平上。15、无论是美女的歌声，还是鬓狗的狂吠，无论是鳄鱼的眼泪，还是恶狼的嚎叫，都不会使我动摇。16、即使 遇到了不幸的灾难，已经开始了的事情决不放弃。17、最可怕的敌人，就是没有坚强的信念。18、既然我已经踏上这条道路，那么，任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下 去。19、意志若是屈从，不论程度如何，它都帮助了暴力。20、有了坚定的意志，就等于给双脚添了一对翅膀。21、意志坚强，就会战胜恶运。22、只有刚强的人，才有神 圣的意志，凡是战斗的人，才能取得胜利。23、卓越的人的一大优点是：在不利和艰难的遭遇里百折不挠。24、疼痛的强度，同自然赋于人类的意志和刚度成正比。25、能 够岿然不动，坚持正见，度过难关的人是不多的。26、钢是在烈火和急剧冷却里锻炼出来的，所以才能坚硬和什么也不怕。我们的一代也是这样的在斗争中和可怕的考验中 锻炼出来的，学习了不在生活面前屈服。27、只要持续地努力，不懈地奋斗，就没有征服不了的东西。28、立志不坚，终不济事。29、功崇惟志，业广惟勤。30、一个崇高 的目标，只要不渝地追求，就会居为壮举；在它纯洁的目光里，一切美德必将胜利。31、书不记，熟读可记；义不精，细思可精；惟有志不立，直是无着力处。32、您得相 信，有志者事竟成。古人告诫说：“天国是努力进入的”。只有当勉为其难地一步步向它走去的时候，才必须勉为其难地一步步走下去，才必须勉为其难地去达到它。33、 告诉你使我达到目标的奥秘吧，我唯一的力量就是我的坚持精神。34、成大事不在于力量的大小，而在于能坚持多久。35、一个人所能做的就是做出好榜样，要有勇气在风 言风语的社会中坚定地高举伦理的信念。36、即使在把眼睛盯着大地的时候，那超群的目光仍然保持着凝视太阳的能力。37、你既然期望辉煌伟大的一生，那么就应该从今 天起，以毫不动摇的决心和坚定不移的信念，凭自己的智慧和毅力，去创造你和人类的快乐。38、一个有决心的人，将会找到他的道路。39、在希望与失望的决斗中，如果 你用勇气与坚决的双手紧握着，胜利必属于希望。40、富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。41、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地走到底，决不回头。42、生命里最重 要的事情是要有个远大的目标，并借助才能与坚持来完成它。43、事业常成于坚忍，毁于急躁。我在沙漠中曾亲眼看见，匆忙的旅人落在从容的后边；疾驰的骏马落在后头， 缓步的骆驼继续向前。44、有志者事竟成。45、穷且益坚，不坠青云之志。46、意志目标不在自然中存在，而在生命中蕴藏。47、坚持意志伟大的事业需要始终不渝的精神。 48、思想的形成，首先是意志的形成。49、谁有历经千辛万苦的意志，谁就能达到任何目的。50、不作什么决定的意志不是现实的意志；无性格的人从来不做出决定。我终 生的等待，换不来你刹那的凝眸。最美的不是下雨天，是曾与你躲过雨的屋檐。征服畏惧、建立自信的最快最确实的方法，就是去做你害怕的事，直到你获得成功的经验。 真正的爱，应该超越生命的长度、心灵的宽度、灵魂的深度。生活真象这杯浓酒，不经三番五次的提炼呵，就不会这样可口！人格的完善是本，财富的确立是末能力可以慢 慢锻炼，经验可以慢慢积累，热情不可以没有。不管什么东西，总是觉得，别人的比自己的好！只有经历过地狱般的折磨，才有征服天堂的力量。只有流过血的手指才能弹 出世间的绝唱。对时间的价值没有没有深切认识的人，决不会坚韧勤勉。第一个青春是上帝给的；第二个的青春是靠自己努力的。不要因为寂寞而恋爱，孤独是为了幸福而 等待。每天清晨，当我睁开眼睛，我告诉自己：我今天快乐或是不快乐，并非由我所遭遇的事情造成的，而应该取决于我自己。我可以自己选择事情的发展方向。昨日已逝，
人教版高一英语必修三unit1知识点
人教版高一英语必修三unit1知识点Unit 1 Knowledge PointsIn the first unit of the People's Education Edition (人教版) Grade 11 English textbook, there are several key knowledge points that students should be familiar with. These points are essential for building a strong foundation in English language learning. In this article, we will explore and discuss these knowledge points in detail.1. Vocabulary ExpansionOne crucial aspect of language learning is expanding one's vocabulary. In Unit 1, students are introduced to various new words and idioms related to education and learning. It is essential to understand and memorize these words in order to improve one's reading and writing skills.2. Reading ComprehensionThe unit focuses on developing students' reading comprehension skills. Students are provided with a variety of reading passages and are required to analyze and interpret the text. They should practice reading actively, pay attention to context clues, and understand the main idea and supporting details of each passage.3. GrammarGrammar is the backbone of any language. In this unit, students learn and practice various grammatical structures such as the present perfect tense, passive voice, reported speech, and conditional sentences. It is important to understand the rules and usage of these structures to express ideas accurately.4. Writing SkillsUnit 1 also emphasizes the development of students' writing skills. They are taught how to write different types of essays, including descriptive, narrative, and argumentative essays. Students should pay attention to the organization of ideas, coherence, and accuracy in their writing.5. Listening and Speaking SkillsEffective communication involves both listening and speaking skills. In this unit, students engage in listening activities to improve their comprehension abilities. They are exposed to various audio sources and are encouraged to actively listen for specific information. Additionally, they participate in discussions and debates to enhance their speaking skills.6. Cultural AwarenessCultural understanding is an integral part of language learning. In Unit 1, students explore different cultural perspectives related to education across the globe. It is crucial to have an open mind and respect cultural diversity when discussing these topics.To conclude, Unit 1 of the People's Education Edition Grade 11 English textbook covers various important knowledge points. From vocabulary expansion to writing skills, grammar, and cultural awareness, each aspect is essential for a well-rounded understanding of the English language. It is crucial for students to engage actively in the learning process and apply these knowledge points in their language practice.。
新版人教版必修三课文unit1WHYDOWECELEBRATEFESTIVALS知识讲解
新版⼈教版必修三课⽂unit1WHYDOWECELEBRATEFESTIVALS知识讲解新版⼈教版必修三课⽂u n i t1W H Y D O W EC E L E B R A T EF E S T I V A L S精品资料⼈教版⾼中英语必修三Unit 1WHY DO WE CELEBRATE FESTIVALS?Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions, famous figures, and important events. Every festival has its different customs and unique charms. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love,or peace is common in all festivals.Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year's supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime —the Egyptian harvest season. It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During theMid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.Customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time. With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established. One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children, in spite of its religious origins.Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialised, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness.Festivals are an important part of society. They reflec t people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths and attitudes towards life. They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系⽹站删除谢谢2。
高三英语课堂笔记1必修三
必修（三）Unit 1I.词语辨析，掌握词汇用法：1.starve: ①starve for(渴望得到)；②be starved of(缺乏)；③starve to death(饿死)。
starvation n. starve to do sth. 渴望做。
(1)The plants ______ _________ ________ (急需)water.(2)The engine ______ __________ ________ petrol and wouldn’t start.(3)They got lost in the desert and _________ _____ ________(饿死).(4) We ________________(渴望参观) most places of interest in China.2.satisfy/ satisfaction: ①三种用法；②be satisfied with; ③to one’s satisfaction; ④express one’s satisfaction with.(1)Our market tried in every way to satisfy(meet) the needs of people for vegetables.(2)I’m sure you will _____ ______________ _______ our products.(3)______ _______ _____________(让我满意), he has solved the problem at last.3.remind sb. of sth/ remind sb. to do/ remind sb. that….联想：不能带双宾语的动词主要有：remind sb of sth; inform sb of sth; convince sb. of sth; cure sb of sth; accuse sb of sth (=charge sb. with sth.); rob sb of sth;provide(supply/furnish) sb with sth; provide(supply/ furnish) sth to(for) sb;equip sb with sth(注：不同于其它“设备”，不能用equip sth to(for) sb.)steal sth from sb; announce(explain) to sb. sth=annopunce(explain) sth to sb;feed sb on sth=feed sth to sb; cheat sb. out of sth. treat(招待) sb for sth;(1)Tom _____ his English teacher of having broken his word.A. blamedB. accused指责C. chargedD. scolded责骂(2)The robber robbed _______. A. the old man’s wallet B. the old man4.①take place:发生；take one’s place:坐下来(=take one’s seat)、代替(=take the place of); take the first place:获得第一名。
高中英语必修三Unit1单词表
gain
/ɡein/
vt. 获得；得到
independence
/ indi'pend?ns/
n. 独立；自主
independent
/ indi'pend?nt/
adj. 独立的；自主的
gather
/'ɡ?e?/
vt. & vi. & n. 搜集；集合；聚集
agriculture
as though
好像
have fun with
玩得开心
custom
/'k?st?m/
n. 习惯；风俗
worldwide
/ w?:ld'waid/
adj. 遍及全世界的；世界性的
fool
/fu:l/
n. 愚人；白痴；受骗者
permission
/p?'mi?n/
n. 许可；允许
p
vt. 原谅；饶恕
n. 悲哀；悲伤
obvious
/'?bvi?s/
adj. 明显的；显而易见的
wipe
/waip/
vt. 擦；揩；擦去
weep
/wi:p/
vi. 哭泣；流泪
set off
出发；动身；使爆炸
remind
/ri'maind/
vt. 提醒；使想起
remind … of …
使……想起……
forgive
/f?'ɡiv/
n. （汽车等）停放
parking lot
停车场
turn up
出现；到场
keep one’s word
守信用；履行诺言
物理必修三1.电荷
思考与讨论：根据金属的微观结构模型，分析判断当带负电的
塑料棒接触验电器的上端时会出现什么现象？
一、电荷
1.带电体能吸引轻小物体。
2.自然界的电荷只有正电荷和负电荷两种。
3.同种电荷相互排斥，异种电荷相互吸引。
二、起电方式
1.摩擦起电：物体由于摩擦而带电。
原因：一些受束缚较弱的电子转移到另一个物体上。
B.b 球的速度为零时,a 球的加速度大小一定等于 g
C.b 球的最大速度为
2+ 2
D.a 球的最大速度为
2
AD
4.比荷：带电体的电荷量与质量之比，即 .
电子的比荷： = 1.76 × 1011 C/kg.
例3 如图所示,通过调节控制电子枪产生的电子束,使其每秒有104个电子到
达收集电子的金属瓶,经过一段时间,金属瓶上带有-8×10-12 C的电荷,求:
(1)金属瓶上收集到的电子数目;
(2)实验的时间.
1.摩擦起电：物体由于摩擦而带电。
原因：一些受束缚较弱的电子转移到另一个物体上。
问题3：除了带电体能吸引轻小物体外，还有什么方法验证物体
带电？
验电器可以用来检测物体是否带电。玻璃瓶内有两片金属箔，
用金属丝挂在一根导体棒的下端，棒的上端穿过绝缘的瓶塞从
瓶口伸出（甲）。如果把金属箔换成指针，并用金属制作外壳，
2.接触起电：物体由于接触带电体而带电。
原因：电子从一个物体转移到另一个物体。
一、电荷
1.带电体能吸引轻小物体。
2.自然界的电荷只有正电荷和负电荷两种。
3.同种电荷相互排斥，异种电荷相互吸引。
二、起电方式
语文版高中语文必修三1《千篇一律与千变万化》课文详细解析
语文版高中语文必修三1《千篇一律与千变万化》课文详细解析《千篇一律与千变万化》课文详细解析课文说明一、课文题目“千篇一律”指艺术创作中的重复，“千变万化”指艺术创作中的变化。
“千篇一律与千变万化”是说在时间的持续、空间的持续或时间、空间的综合持续中，艺术创作的重复与变化。
本文以介绍建筑创作为主要内容。
建筑是时空艺术。
“千篇一律与千变万化”指在时间、空间的综合持续中，建筑创作的重复与变化。
重复与变化相互矛盾，相互统一。
如果只强调重复，作品往往毫无二致；只注重变化，作品又往往杂乱无章。
一个成功的建筑创作则是重复与变化的辩证统一体。
副标题中出现了“通感”一词，这里不是修辞格意义上的“移用”“移觉”，而是事物间具有共性或共同特点的创作在人的认识上的一致反映。
“音乐、绘画、建筑之间的通感”，即音乐、绘画、建筑创作都追求在时间持续或时间与空间综合持续中的重复与变化。
二、课文内容本文可分三个部分。
第1段是第一部分，指出在有持续性的作品中，创作上的重复与变化尤为重要。
第2段至第7段是第二部分，举例介绍音乐艺术、舞台艺术、绘画艺术创作的重复与变化的特点。
第8段至16段是第三部分，举例介绍建筑创作的重复与变化的特点，还指出当前城市建筑中存在的一些问题。
第1段应视为理解全文的“纲”，包括以下几个意思：①艺术创作既要有重复，又要有变化；②作品的“持续性”包括三种：一种是时间的持续，一种是空间的持续，一种是时间、空间综合的持续。
之所以是时间、空间综合的持续，是因为作品在时间转移的持续中出现了观赏者的参与，便同时产生了空间的持续；③在有“持续性”的作品中，重复和变化特别重要。
第2、3段明确指出：“音乐就是一种时间持续的艺术创作”“音乐中的主题和变奏也是在时间持续的过程中”。
而第2段侧重从乐曲的乐句、乐段的重复让读者领会乐曲的整体美。
第3段则以“舒伯特的《鳟鱼》五重奏”为例，把主题与变奏的辩证统一关系惟妙惟肖地表达出来。
第4段强调舞台艺术（指与音乐分不开的舞台艺术）是时间、空间综合持续的艺术创作。
高中英语必修三Unit1
必修三：Unit1 The world of our senses(一）语法专题：宾语从句、表语从句宾语从句问：什么是宾语从句？宾语从句的概念：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句的构成宾语从句可分为三类：1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句。
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们绝不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
2. 用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。
I doubt whether our team can win the match.我怀疑我们队能否赢这场比赛。
题一：I think Father would like to know_________ I’ve been up to so far, so I decided to send hima quick note.A.whichB. whyC. whatD. how答案：C题二：——What did your parents think about your decision?——They always let me do ____ I think I should.A.whenB. thatC. howD. what答案：D题三：——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.——What do you consider _______to her?A. was happeningB. to happenC. has happenedD. happening答案：C题四：Please remind me______ he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off.A. whereB. whenC. howD. what答案：B宾语从句的注意事项语序：宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
必修三1.内环境稳态分析
H2CO3——→H2O+CO2
呼吸运动排出
2、当碱性物质增多时(如[Na2CO3])
Na2CO3 + HCO3——→2NaHCO3 肾脏排出
内环境的理化性质一般能维持在相对稳定的 状态----稳态，稳态的维持是在神经系统和体液 共同调节下，各器官系统协调活动的结果。
四.内环境的生理意义
外 食物 消化系统 界
3、酸碱度（PH值）（ 7.35－7.45 ）
血液中含有许多对对酸碱度起缓冲 作用的物质——缓冲物质，每一对缓冲 物质都是由一种弱酸和相应的一种强碱 盐组成的，如 H2CO3/NaHCO3 ,NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4
1、当酸性物质增加时(如乳酸[HL]过多时）
HL + NaHCO3——→NaL +H2CO3
血浆
环 境
呼吸系统
O2
循 环
组织液
中 的 物
呼吸系统
CO2
泌尿系统
废物
系 统
淋巴
细 胞 内 液
质
皮肤
呼吸系统、消化系统、循环系统、泌尿系统是人 体实现物质交换密切相关的四大系统。
内环境是细胞与外界进行物质交换的媒介
例1．下列各项中，能视为物质进入内环境 的实例的是（ D ） A、精子进入输卵管中 B、牛奶被引入胃中 C、氧进入血液中的红细胞中 D、胰岛素被注射入皮下组织中
三、细胞外液的理化性质
1、温度：一般维持在37℃左右
2、渗透压（37℃时约770KPa)
（1）概念:指溶液中溶质微粒对水的吸引力.
（2）渗透压的大小：取决于溶液中溶质微粒 的数目:溶质微粒越多,即溶液浓度越高,对水 的吸引力越大,溶液渗透压越高;反之, 溶液 渗透压越低; （3）影响渗透压大小的因素:主要与无机盐, 蛋白质的含量有关.
高一英语人教版必修三-全册课文原文
Unit 1 Festivals around the worldFESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the deadSome festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.A SAD LOVE STORYLI Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’t turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave - he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV - just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinü, the weaving girl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (“Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could be like that,” thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niu Lang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhinüwas heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. People in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinü is weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet. The announcer said, “This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story. It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can call all meet the one you love.”As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, “I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me. I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’t want them to remind me of her.” So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time! And I have a gift for you!”What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day! Unit 2 Healthy eatingCOME AND EAT HERE (I)Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had been a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and fried rice. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, finest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of milk, cream and delicious fruit. “Nothing could be better,”he thought. Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. “Hello, Lao Li,” he called. “Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the matter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant. He saw a sign at the door.Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?Come inside Yong Hui’s slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again!Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward. “Welcome,” she said. “My name is Yong Hui. I’ll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were few choices of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his eyes. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he thought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! He had better do some research!At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enough energy-giving food to keep them fit. They would become tired very quickly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. So he wrote:Want to feel fit and energetic?Come and eat here! Discounts today!Our food gives you energy all day!The competition between the two restaurants was on!COME AND EAT HERE (II)A week later, Wang Peng’s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happier. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant. He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. He smiled as he welcomed some customers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in. She did not look happy but glared at him. “May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my menu,” she shouted. “Please excuse me,” he calmly explained, “I wanted to know where all my customers had gone last week. I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don’t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food. Why don’t you sit down and try a meal?”Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast of chicken cooked with garlic. When they were served the ice cream, Yong Hui began to look ill. “I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,”she said, “I miss my vegetables and fruit.”Wang Peng was enjoying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed. “Yes,”he added, “and I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. Don’t you get tired quickly?”“Well, I do have to rest a lot,” admitted Yong Hui. “But don’t you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I’m sure you’d feel much healthier.”They began to talk about menus and balanced diets. “According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,” explained Wang Peng. “I don’t offer enough fibre and you don’t offer enough body-building and energy-giving food. Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre.” So that is what they did. They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. They served fresh fruit with the ice cream. In this way they cut down the fat and increased thefibre in the meal. Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight. After some time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a personal one. Finally they got married and live happily ever after.Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteTHE MILLION POUND BANK NOTEAct I, Scene 3NARRA TOR: It is the summer of 1903. Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts it. At this moment, they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house. It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.RODERICK: Young man, would you step inside a moment, please?HENRY: Who? Me, sir?RODERICK: Yes, you.OLIVER: Through the front door on your left.HENRY: (a servant opens a door) Thanks.SERV ANT: Good morning, sir. Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir. OLIVER: (Henry enters) Thank you, James. That will be all.RODERICK: How do you do, Mr …er …?HENRY: Adams. Henry Adams.OLIVER: Come and sit down, Mr Adams.HENRY: Thank you.RODERICK: Your are an American?HENRY: That’s right, from San Francisco.RODERICK: How well do you know London?HENRY: Not at all. It’s my first trip here.RODERICK: I wonder, Mr Adams, if you mind us asking a few questions?HENRY: Not at all. Go right ahead.RODERICK: May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are? HENRY: Well, I can’t say that I have any plans. I’m hoping to find work. As a matter of fact,I landed in Britain by accident.RODERICK: How is that possible?HENRY: Well, you see, back home I have my own boat. About a month ago, I was sailing out of the bay…(his eyes stare at what is left of the brothers’ dinner on the table) OLIVER: Well, go on.HENRY: Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.It was all my fault. I didn’t know whether I could survive until morning. The nextmorning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship. OLIVER: And it was the ship that brought you to England.HENRY: Yes. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, whichaccounts for my appearance. I went to the American embassy to seek help, but …(the brothers smile at each other)RODERICK: Well, you mustn’t worry about that. It’s an advantage.HENRY: I’m afraid I don’t quite follow you, sir.RODERICK: Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America?HENRY: I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me some kind of work here? RODERICK: Patience, Mr Adams. If you don’t mind, may I ask how much money you have? HENRY: Well, to be honest, I have none.RODERICK: (happily) What luck! Brother, what luck! (claps his hands together)HENRY: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! On the contrary, in fact. If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. (Henry stands up toleave) Now if you’ll excuse me, I think I’ll be on my way.RODERICK: Please don’t go Mr Adams. You mustn’t think we don’t care about you. Oliver, give him the letter.OLIVER: Yes, the letter. (gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift) The letter. HENRY: (taking it carefully) For me?RODERICK: For you. (Henry starts to open it) Oh, no, you mustn’t open it. Not yet. You can’t open it until two o’clock.HENRY: Oh, this is silly.RODERICK: Not silly. There’s money in it. (calls to the servant) James?HENRY: Oh, no. I don’t want your charity. I just want an honest job.RODERICK: We know you’re hard-working. That’s why we have given you the letter. James, show Mr Adams out.OLIVER: Good luck, Mr Adams.HENRY: Well, why don’t you explain what this is all about?RODERICK: You’ll soon know. (looks at the clock) In exactly an hour and a half.SERV ANT: This way, sir.RODERICK: Mr Adams, not until 2 o’clock. Promise?HENRY: Promise. goodbye.Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsHOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship!Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked. “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,” he explained, “so we feel as if no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.” I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on,” I said. “If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less!” I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward. I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth’s. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too,” I said. “Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time?”“Of course,” he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”Unit 5 CANADA- “THE TRUE NORTH”A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canada train. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip. “You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.”That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.After two days’ travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-third of the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.1.爱不释手fondle admiringly.2.百闻不如一见（眼见为实）Seeing is believing.3.比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.4.笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start.5.不眠之夜white night6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses7.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one's best8.不打不成交No discord, no concord.9.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul10.辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new11.大事化小小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all12.大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener13.国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace.14.过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little15.功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits.16.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more17.好事不出门恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.18.和气生财Harmony brings wealth.19.活到老学到老One is never too old to learn.20.既往不咎let bygones be bygones21.金无足赤人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.22.金玉满堂Treasures fill the home.23.脚踏实地be down-to-earth24.脚踩两只船sit on the fence25.君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green26.老生常谈陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché27.礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity.28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧Where there is life, there is hope.29.马到成功achieve immediate victory; win instant success30.名利双收gain in both fame and wealth31.茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened32.没有规矩不成方圆Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.33.每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.34.谋事在人成事在天The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.35.弄巧成拙be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself36.拿手好戏masterpiece37.赔了夫人又折兵throw good money after bad38.抛砖引玉a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale39.破釜沉舟cut off all means of retreat；burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end40.抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities41.巧妇难为无米之炊If you have no hand you can't make a fist. One can't make bricks without straw.42.千里之行始于足下a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step43.前事不忘后事之师Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. 44.前人栽树后人乘凉One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests.One sows and another reaps.45.前怕狼后怕虎fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something46.强龙难压地头蛇Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.47.强强联手win-win co-operation48.瑞雪兆丰年A timely snow promises a good harvest.49.人之初性本善Man's nature at birth is good.50.人逢喜事精神爽Joy puts heart into a man.51.人海战术huge-crowd strategy52.世上无难事只要肯攀登Where there is a will, there is a way.53.世外桃源a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;54.死而后已until my heart stops beating55.岁岁平安Peace all year round.56.上有天堂下有苏杭Just as there is paradise in heaven, while there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth57.塞翁失马焉知非福Misfortune may be an actual blessing.58.三十而立A man should be independent at the age of thirty.At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.59.升级换代updating and upgrading (of products)60.四十不惑Life begins at forty.61.谁言寸草心报得三春晖Such kindness of warm sun, can't be repaid by grass. 62.水涨船高When the river rises, the boat floats high.63.时不我待Time and tide wait for no man.64.杀鸡用牛刀break a butterfly on the wheel65.实事求是seek truth from facts; be practical and realistic; be true to facts66.说曹操,曹操到Talk of the devil and he comes.67.实话实说speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade; tell it as it is68.实践是检验真理的唯一标准Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.69.山不在高，有仙则名'No matter how high the mountain is, its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy; '70.韬光养晦hide one's capacities and bide one's time71.糖衣炮弹sugar-coated bullets72.天有不测风云Anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue73.团结就是力量Unity is strength.74.“跳进黄河洗不清” eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean--there's nothing one can do to clear one's name.75.歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena76.物以类聚，人以群分Birds of a feather flock together.77.往事如风'The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is pas78.望子成龙hold high hopes for one's child79.屋漏又逢连阴雨Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours.80.文韬武略military expertise; military strategy81.唯利是图draw water to one's mill82.无源之水,无本之木water without a source, and a tree without roots83.无中生有make create something out of nothing84.无风不起浪There are no waves without wind. There's no smoke without fire.85.徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends86.新官上任三把火a new broom sweeps clean87.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.88. 蓄势而发accumulate strength for a take-off89.心想事成May all your wish come true90.心照不宣have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding 91.先入为主First impressions are firmly entrenched.92.先下手为强catch the ball before the bound93.像热锅上的蚂蚁like an ant on a hot pan94.现身说法warn people by taking oneself as an example95.息事宁人pour oil on troubled waters96.喜忧参半mingled hope and fear97.循序渐进step by step98.一路平安，一路顺风speed somebody on their way; speed the parting guest99.严以律己,宽以待人be strict with oneself and lenient towards others100鱼米之乡101.有情人终成眷属'Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well.'102.有钱能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go. Money talks.103. 有识之士people of vision104.有勇无谋use brawn rather than brain105.有缘千里来相会Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.106.与时俱进advance with times.107.以人为本people oriented; people foremost.108.因材施教teach students according to their aptitude.。
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必修3综合模块测试1一、选择题(每小题3分,共36分)(选择题不用答题卡,答案写在后面的选择题答案表中) 1．简单随机抽样、系统抽样、分层抽样之间的共同点是（ ）A ．都是从总体中逐个抽取B ．将总体分成几部分，按事先预定的规则在各部分抽取C ．抽样过程中每个个体被抽到的可能性相等D ．抽样过程中，将总体分成几层，按比例分层抽取 2．下列各个说法正确的是（ ）A ．终边相同的角都相等B ．钝角是第二象限的角C ．第一象限的角是锐角D ．第四象限的角是负角 3．下列语句正确的是（ ）A.x+3=y-2B.d=d+2C.0=xD.x-y=5 4. 将十进制数111化为五进制数是（ ）A ．421（5） B. 521（5） C.423（5） D. 332（5）5. 一个单位有职工160人，其中有业务员104人，管理人员32人，后勤服务人员24人，要从中抽取一个容量为20的样本，用分层抽样的方法抽取样本，则在20人的样本中应抽取管理人员人数为 （ ）A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6 6. 某人一次掷出两枚骰子,点数和为5的概率是（ ）A.41 B. 91 C. 361 D. 1817．有一个数据为50的样本,其分组以及各组的频数如下:[12.5,15.5],3; [15.5,18.5],8; [18.5,21.5],9; [21.5,24.5],11; [24.4,27.5],10; [27.5,30.5],5; [30.5,33.5],4 由以上频数,估计不超过30.5的数据大约占（ ）A.10%B.92%C.5%D.30%8. 某产品分甲、乙、丙三级，其中乙、丙两级均属次品.若生产中出现乙级品的概率为0.03，丙级品的概率为0.01，则对成品抽查一件抽得正品的概率为（ ）A ．0.99B ．0.98C ．0.97D ．0.969．把容量为100的样本拆分为10组，若前七组频率之和为0.79，而剩下的三组的频数,,a b c 满足2b ac 且互不相等，则剩下的三组频数最大的一组的频率是 （ ） Ａ．0.16 Ｂ．0.12 Ｃ．0.16或0.12 Ｄ．以上都不对10．某种零件的次品率是1％，每6件装成一盒，每盒中恰有一件次品的概率是（ ） Ａ．6％ Ｂ．1%6÷ Ｃ．51(99%)- Ｄ．51996()100100⋅11．一个工人在上班时间[]0,5（单位：小时）内看管两台机器．每天机器出故障的时刻是任意的，一台机器出了故障，就需要一段时间检修，在检修期间另一台机器也出了故障，称为二机器＂会面＂．如果每台机器的检修时间都是1小时，则此工人在上班时间内，二机器会面的概率是 （ ） Ａ．1625 Ｂ．925 Ｃ．15 Ｄ．4512. 一个游戏转盘上有四种颜色:红、黄、蓝、黑，并且它们所占面积的比为6：2：1：4，则指针停在红色或蓝色区域的概率为（ ）A.613 B.713 C ．413 D.1013二、填空题(每小题4分，共16分)13. 甲、乙两名高一男生参加投篮测试，各投篮5次，一分钟内投中次数分别如下：甲：7，8，6，8，6； 乙：7，8，7，7，6甲的方差是_______ ,乙的方差是________ ，说明 __________ 投篮更稳定.14. 一个路口的红绿灯,红灯的时间为30秒,黄灯的时间为5秒,绿灯的时间为40秒,当你到达路口时,看见绿灯的概率是__________ .15．终边落在阴影部分处（包括边界）的角的集合是________________________________.4516．第一台为0.9，第二台0.8，第三台0.7，则在一个小时内最多有一台车床需要照管的概率是 ．三、解答题（第17题8分，18—21题每题10分，共48分）17．设计一个程序计算二次函数2(0)y ax bx c a =++≠的最值，并根据输入的数值说明是最大值还是最小值，并求出对应的ｘ值．18. 对任意正整数n，设计一个求Ｓ＝111123n++++的程序框图，并编写出程序.19. 假设关于某种设备的使用年限x和支出的维修费用y（万元），有以下的统计资料：（1）画出散点图；（2）求支出的维修费用y与使用年限x的回归方程；（3）估计使用年限为10年时，维修费用是多少？20. 设甲，乙两名射手各打10发子弹，每发子弹击中环数如下：甲：10，6，7，10，8，9，9，10，5，10；乙：8，7，9，10，9，8，7，9，8，9．试问哪一名射手的技术较好？必修3综合模块测试2选择题1．从12个同类产品（其中10个是正品，2个是次品）中任意抽取3个的必然事件是（ ） A.3个都是正品 B.至少有1个是次品 C.3个都是次品 D.至少有1个是正品2.从装有2个红球和2个白球的红袋内任取两个球,那么下列事件中,互斥事件的个数是( )A.至少有一个白球;都是白球B.至少有一个白球;至少有一个红球C.恰好有一个白球;恰好有2个白球D.至少有1个白球;都是红球3.一个三位数字的密码键,每位上的数字都在0到9这十个数字中任选,某人忘记后一个号码,那么此人开锁时,在对好前两位数码后,随意拨动最后一个数字恰好能开锁的概率为( ) A.10001 B. 1001 C. 101 D.104.从写上0,1,2,…,9 十张卡片中,有放回地每次抽一张,连抽两次,则两张卡片数字各不相同的概率是( ) A.109 B. 1001 C. 901 D. 15.下面有关抽样的描述中，错误的是（ ）A ．在简单抽样中，某一个个体被抽中的可能性与第n 次抽样有关，先抽到的可能性较大B ．系统抽样又称为等距抽样，每个个体入样的可能性相等C ．分层抽样又称为类型抽样，为了保证每个个体入样的可能性相等必须每层等可能性抽样D ．抽样的原则是“搅拌均匀”且“等可能地抽到每个个体”6．如果数据1x 、2x 、……n x 的平均值为x ，方差为2S ，则31x +5，32x +5，…… 3nx +5的平均值和方差分别为（ ）A ．x 和2SB ．3x +5和92SC ．3x +5和2SD ．3x +5 和92S +30S +257A ．0.14B ． 141C ．0.03D ．14138．工人月工资（元）依生产率（千元）变化的回归方程为 y 50+80x ，下列判断正确的是（ ）A ．劳动生产率为1000元时，工资为130元B ．劳动生产率提高1000元，则工资提高80元C ．劳动生产率提高1000元，则工资提高130元D ．当月工资为210元时，劳动生产率为2000元9.把二进制数110011(2) 化为十进制数为( ) A.50 B.51 C.52 D.5310.把89化为五进制数,则此数为( ) A.)5(322 B.)5(323 C.)5(324 D.)5(32511.最大公约数是3的是( )A.819,333B.98,196C.153,111D.225,13512.二进制数111.11转换成十进制数是( ) A.7.3 B.7.5 C.7.75 D.7.125二.填空题1. 将一枚硬币连续抛掷3次,正面恰好出现两次的概率为___________.2. 一个路口的红绿灯,红灯的时间为30秒,黄灯的时间为5秒,绿灯的时间为40秒,当你到达路口时,看见绿灯的概率是__________ .3．相关关系与函数关系的区别是 ． 4．数据分布的直方图的总面积为 _______________．三.解答题 1.甲、乙二人参加普法知识竞赛,共有10道不同的题目,其中选择题6道,判断题4道, 甲、乙二人依次各抽一题.(1)甲抽到选择题,乙抽到判断题的概率是多少?(2) 甲、乙二人中至少有一个抽到选择题的概率是多少?2.某射手在一次射击中射中10环、9环、8环、7环, 7环以下的概率分别为0.24,0.28,0.19,0.16,0.13,计算这个射手在一次射击中,(1)射中10环或9环的概率 (2)至少射中7环的概率 (3)射中环数不是8环的概率?3. 乔和摩进行了一次关于他们前一天夜里进行的活动的谈话。
然而谈话却被监听录音机记录了下来，联邦调查局拿到磁带并发现其中有10秒钟长的一段内容包含有他们俩犯罪的信息 然而后来发现，这段谈话的一部分被联邦调查局的一名工作人员擦掉了，该工作人员声称她完全是无意中按错了键，并从即刻起往后的所有内容都被擦掉了试问如果这10秒钟长的谈话记录开始于磁带记录后的半分钟处，那么含有犯罪内容的谈话被部分或全部偶然擦掉的概率将是多大？4．某工厂甲、乙两个车间包装同一种产品，在自动包装传送带上每隔30分钟抽一包产品，称其重量是否合格，分别记录抽查数据如下：甲车间：102，101，99，98，103，98，99 乙车间：110，115，90，85，75，115，110 （1）这是什么抽样方法？（2）估计甲、乙两个车间的均值和方差，并说明哪个车间产品较稳定？5．假设关于某种设备的使用年限x 和支出的维修费用y （万元），有以下的统计资料：试求（1）线性回归方程a bx y +=的确回归系数b a ,．（2）估计使用年限为10年时，维修费用是多少？6. 已知1000321++++= S ，设计算法流程图，输出S 。
参考答案:一. 1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.C 二.1.83 2. 158 3. 函数关系是两个变量之间有完全确定的关系，而相关关系是两个变量之间并没有严格的确定关系，当一个变量变化时，另一变量的取值有一定的随机性。
4．1 三.解答题 1. (1)1P =15491046=⨯⨯ (2) 2p =1513910645646=⨯⨯+⨯+⨯或15139103412=⨯⨯-=p2.(1) 52.028.024.01=+=p(2)87.016.019.028.024.02=+++=p 或87.013.012=-=p (3) 29.013.016.03=+=p3.解：将3O 分钟的磁带表示为长度为3O 的线段R ，则代表10秒钟与犯罪活动有关的谈话的区间为 r,如右图所示，10秒钟的谈话被偶然擦掉部分或全部的事件仅在擦掉开始的时间位于该区间内或始于该区间左边的任何点。
因此事件r 是始于R线段的左端点且长度为326121=+ 的事件。
因此02.09023032)(====R r r p4．这是系统抽样5．甲车间均值1x =100，方差21S =3.4287乙车间均值2x =100，方差22S =228.57141x = 2x ，21S <22S 甲车间产品稳定必修3综合模块测试3第Ⅰ卷一. 选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的1.从装有红球、黑球和白球的口袋中摸出一个球，若摸出的球是红球的概率是0.4，摸出的球是黑球的概率是0.25，那么摸出的球是白球的概率是（）(A) 0.35 (B) 0.65 (C) 0.1 (D) 不能确定2.下列说法中，正确的是(A) 频率分布直方图中各小长方形的面积不等于相应各组的频率(B) 一组数据的标准差是这组数据的方差的平方(C) 数据2,3,4,5的方差是数据4,6,8,10的方差的一半(D) 一组数据的方差越大，说明这组数据的波动越大3.下列关于算法的说法中正确的个数是（）①求解某一类问题的算法是唯一的；②算法必须在有限步操作之后停止；③算法的每一步操作必须是明确的，不能有歧义或模糊；④算法执行后一定产生确定的结果。