高考阅读 主旨大意讲与练 附答案

命题点2 主旨大意
本类考题解答锦囊
一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。

不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别是新闻报道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想；在文章的段落中，则通常由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心思想。

主题句一般具有三个特点：
1．表述的意思比较概括，相对主题句来看，这种概括性更为明显。

2．句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。

3．段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。

理解一篇文章的主旨大意首先要学会寻找主题句。

一般来说，在一个段落中，主题句的位置有五种情况：
1．主题句在段首：在有主题句的段落中，主题句位于段首的可能性最大。

通常用演绎法撰写的段落，往往遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开始，随之详细解说。

2．主题句在段尾：与主题句位于段首的情况相反，主题句位于段尾时，通常用归纳法撰写。

表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此而结尾。

位于段尾的主题句往往陈述依据上文的细节的结论或建议，归纳的要点或共性以及得出的观察印象或结果。

3．主题句在段中：当主题句位于段中，开段的句子往往表述段落要论述的主题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来表达。

此外，为阐明主题思想，在主题句之后，仍有一些句子陈述细节，或作合乎逻辑的引申。

这一类的段落包括三个层次：引题——主题——解释，或提问——回答——解释。

屯主题句在段首和段尾：在一些文段中，作者为了突出主题思想，并暗示读者，这段文章中的意思比其他的段更重要。

采用了前后呼应、两次点题的写作乎法。

值得注意的是，表述同一主题思想的两个主题句，在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽—致，而且在内容上后者也不是前者的简单重复，多半有所引申或顺应其向细节的铺叙而有所侧重。

5．主题句暗含在段中：不是所有的段落都有主题句。

尤其是在多段文章中，主题句并没有明确表述。

阅读这样的文段，主要通过对细节的陈述或概括各段的主题思想，含蓄地表达文段的主题思想。

对于无主题句的文段，不可能采用辩论主题句的方法来获取其主题思想。

而应正确理解作者提供的所有细节，包括事实、观点和事件，在大脑中形成初步印象。

然后发挥自己的逻辑概括能力，概括作者提供的事实、观点和事件，综合归纳成一般概念。

这种概念不一定能达到主题句那样完整，但只要切合文段的主题即可。

这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析、归纳文章的段落大意、重要睛节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。

这种试题要求学生把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。

在运用多项选择法考查学生这方面的阅读理解能力时，对大多数短文(段落)的主题(subject)，中心思想(mabidea)，标题(titlle)或作者的写作目的(pUI'[X)se)加以拟题。

拟题大致有以下固定的提问方式：
1．Thesubiectoftheparagraph(passage)is______.
2．The paragraph(passage)deals with______.
3．What topic iS treated in this paragraph(passage)?
4. The main idea of the paragraph(passage)is
5. From the paragraph(passage)we know that
6. The paragraph (passage)could be entitled
7. Which of the following is the best title for the paragraph(passage)?
8. What is the author's main pupose?
凡遇到这样的一些问题,我们都应从理解主题思想去考虑答案是哪一个。

Ⅰ高考最新热门题
1.(典型例题季卷)
A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man--the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or in- dustry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the com- mon laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.
This attitude toward manual (体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American lif~ One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the near- by bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional man may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.
1. From Paragraph 1 , we can know that in America
A. people tend to have a high opinion of the self--made man
B. people can always rise to the top through their own efforts
C. college professors win great respect from common workers
D. people feel painful to mention their fathers as laborers
2. According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because
A. servants in America are hard to get
B. she takes pride in what she can do herself
C. she can hardly afford servants
D. it is easy to prepare a meal with canned food
3. The expression "wait on table" in the second paragraph means
A. work in a furniture shop
B. keep accounts for a bar
C. wait to lay the table
D. serve customers in a restaurant
4. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?
A. A Respectable Self--made Family
B. American Attitude toward Manual Labor
C. Characteristics of American Culture
D. The Development of Manual Labo
命题目的与解题技巧：本文的命题目的是考查考生概括主题的能力。

做这类题的决窍就是找主题句。

本文共两段，主题句为每段的第一句话。

找出主题句，就不难抓住本文的主题思想。

【解析】本文介绍了美国人民在生活中尊重通过自己的勤奋劳动而获得成功的人这样一种文化。

【答案】1．A这是一道段落主旨题。

从第一段内容可知整段都围绕第一句话展开，因而第一句话是这一段的主题句，说明在美国手工工人很受尊敬。

2．B 本题为细节题。

第二段倒数第四句说女主人自已做饭的原因是她们为自己能动手做饭而感到骄傲。

3．D 猜测词义题。

根据sswashdishesfOrhis 1iving"可推测出wait。

ntable的意思“在饭店当招待员”。

4．B 本题是主旨题。

这篇短文主要讲述美国人对手工劳动的态度。

Passage 4(典型例题)
Sometimes, something that is considered to be negative tums out to be an advantage on the job. Though he is only 18 years old and blind, Suleyman Gokyigk is among the top computer technicians and programmers at Intelidata Technologies Corp. , a large software company with several offices across the United States. "After our company united with another one last October, two different computer networks were driving us crazy," recalls Douglas Braun, the InteliData president. "We couldn't even send E-mail to each other." In three weeks Mr. Gokyigit created the software needed to connect the two networks. "None of the company's 350 other employees could have done the job in three months" , says Mr. Braun. "Suleyman can'see' into the heart of the computer."
Mr. Gokyigit's gift, as Mr. Braun calls it, is an unusual ability to form an idea of the inside of a machine. "The computer permits me to reach out into the world and do almost anything I want to do," says Mr. Gokyigit.
The young programmer is at home with hardware as well, thanks partly to a highly developed sense of touch. Mitzi Nowakows-ki, an office manager at InteliData, remembers how he easily disconnected and reconnected their computer systems during a move last year. "Through feel, Suleyman can find the position of connectors, pins and wires much faster than most other people with sight,' he says.
Much of the student programmer's speed comes from his ability not to be interrupted while at the computer. When typing, he listens carefully to the synthesizer(合成器). His long, thin fingers fly over keyboard. "Nothing seems to shake his attention,' says Mrs. Nowa-kowski, his boss.
Mr. Gokyigit is the only company employee who is available (可找到的) 24 hours a day. "We consider him our top problem solver," says Mr. Braun.
1. According to Mr. Braun, Suleyman
A. can work wonders on computer
B. is the best technician in the world
C. has done a hard job in three months
D. has united InteliData Technologies Corp. with another computer company.
答案: A 指导：据全文可知，Suleyman在电脑方面有非凡的才能，故选A：其他各项均与原文有出人。

2. The underlined part "is at home with hardware" (Paragraph4) means_________.
A. is good at dealing with computer hardware
B. is fond of computer hardware
C. works with computer hardware at home
D. feels comfortable when working with computer hardware
答案: A 指导：此处的"be at home with sth．”的意思根据上下文篇应是“擅长解决……的问题”。

3. Suleyman was quick while at the computer mostly because of
A. his blindness
B. his attention on the synthesizer
C. his long, thin fingers
D. his ability not to be interrupted
答案: D 指导：文中有“．．．speed comes from his ability not to be interrupted while at the computer"，这才是他速度快的原因。

4. What does the text mainly tell us?
A. Computer technicians are more likely to be gifted.
B. One's disadvantages may prove to be advantages.
C. The disabled can also play an important role in society.
D. Top computer scientists have unusual abilities to form ideas of computers. 答案: B 指导：通常文章的首段首句为主题句。

Passage 5 (典型例题)
The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.
On 17 July, a piece four kilometres wide enters the Earth's atmosphere (大气层) with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometre high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an
hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and mil lions of people are drowned.
Before the waves reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of lob Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won't escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by, clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun won't be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later, no more than 10 million
people remain alive.
Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs (恐龙) were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 mil- lion years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end?
1. What is mainly described in the passage？
A. A historic discovery
B. An event of imagination
C. A research on space.
D. A scientific adventure
答案: B指导：通读全文可知此答案。

2. When the first piece hits the South Atlantic, it causes_________.
A. an earthquake
B. damages to cities
C. an Earth explosion
D. huge waves
答案: D 指导：从第二段中间"The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the seabed．Huge wave sarecreated．．．”可知。

B从第三段中间"Because of the explosions，the sun is hidden by clouds“dust，temperatures around the world fall to almost zero"可知。

D从最后三句话可得知此答案。

3. Why can't the northern half of the' earth escape for long?
A. Because the land is covered with water.
B. Because the light and heat from the sun cannot reach the earth.
C. Because people there cannot live at the temperature of zero.
D. Because wars break out among countries.
答案: B 指导：从第三段中间"Because of the explosions，the sun is midden by cloeds of dust，temperatures around the world fall to almost zero"可知。

4. By giving the example of dinosaurs the author tries to prove_________.
A. animals could not live in the cold climate
B. what happened 65 million years ago was an invented story
C. the human beings will die out in 2094
D. the Earth could be hit by other objects in space Passage
答案: D 指导：从最后三句话可得知此答案。

Ⅱ题点经典类题
1.( 典型例题卷)
Mountain lions live in mountainous areas of the western United States. Lately, however, people have reported seeing them in quiet neighborhoods all across the country! Usually considered shy and seldom seen, these lions are becoming more noticeable. In addition, the lions appear to be moving east. They were even reported in the suburbs(郊区)of Boston, Philadelphis, and Chicago.
It seems certain that these " kings of the mountains"are moving. Why?
Scientists are not sure. Some think that as the mountain lion population increases the west, younger wild cats are leaving the area. These cats are searching for new homes and new places for food.
"The young males are looking for new homes, "says Lynn Sadler,
who is the director of the Mountain Lion Foundation in Sacramento,Calif. "People tend to create to many barriers(障碍), such as buidings, fences, roads, and noise. As the mountain lions seek new places and food and water sources'(水源), these barriers get in their way."
The sightings have made people increasingly watchful. Sometimes the"mountain lions"that people report seeing turn out to be large dogs or even house cats. But at least a few of the meetings have been real. The building of new roads, the growing of suburbs and the growing popularity of outdoor activities are all increasing the chances that people in various parts of the country may meet up with a mountain lion.
Because many people are concerned, about the reappearance of the American lion, an expert outlined some ways they can a- void attracting the wild cats: Never leave pets or pet food outsider properly cvare for farm animals; and plan public land use to enable the lions to move safely from one place to another.
"To be fair, "says the expert. "mountain lions are trying to regain their homes. They were here first. Now we need to find ways we can live together."
1. Mountain lions are moving probably because_________.
A. the suburbs o[ big cities are peaceful and quiet
B. more roads are being built into the mountains
C. the number of the lions increases in the west
D. young lions are seeking new partners
2. According to the passage,it is clear that_________.
A. the reported sightings of mountain lions have not been proved
B. people walking in the country may come across a lion
C. fences have been built to protect the ions
D. mountain lions prefer populated areas
3. To avoid attracting rnotuntain lions, People are advised_________.
A. to build more roads for the lions to move safely
B. to keep a close watch on their [arm animals
C. not to stay outdoors
D. not to raise pets
4. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Mountain Lions in Unlikely Passage?
B. Measures T aken to Avoid Lions
C. Number of Sightings Going Up
D. Mountain Lions Moving West
命题目的与解题技巧；本文的命题目的是考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，而本井无明显主题句。

做这类题的技巧是：正确理解作者所提供的细节，运用自己的逻辑概括能力。

综合归纳主题。

解析：本文主要讲美国西部的狮子被人们在全国各地发现。

据科学家估计是因为狮子数量不断增加，新的雄狮欲寻新的安身之所。

答案：
1．C 细节题。

从第二段的第三句话“Some think that as the mountain lion populat ionicreases in the west，younger wild cats are leaving the area．．．searching for new homes and new places for food”可直接选出答案。

2．B 细节题。

由第一段第二句“．一people have reported seeing them in quiet neighbrhoods all across the country”和第四段第四句“The buiding of new roads，the．．．may meet up with a mountin lion"可知目前狮子在美国到外可见3．B 细节判断题。

第五段专家建议中的第二点properly care for farm animals 与B项同义，而A项中的建更多的roads文中未提及，文中只提到了public land；C、D 两项文中提及。

4．A 主旨大意题。

本文主要讲山狮从山里游移到全国各地，有时来到它们不该来的农户、新建公路等，一切都表明它们来到原来不可能的地方。

Passage1(典型例题
Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson River must remember the Catskill Mountains. They are a branch of the great Appalachian family, and can be seen to the west rising up to a noble height and towering over the surrounding country. When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their beautiful shapes on the clear evening sky, but sometimes when it is cloudless, gray steam gathers around the top of the mountains which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will shine and light up like a crown of glory(华丽的皇冠).
At the foot of these mountains, a traveler may see light smoke going up from a village, In that village, and in one of the houses (which, to tell the exact truth, was sadly timeworn and weather-beaten), there lived many years ago, a simple, good-natured fellow by the name of Rip Van Winkle.
Rip's great weakness was a natural dislike of all kinds of money-making labor. It could not be from lack of diligence (勤劳) ,for he could sit all day on a wet rock and fish without say- lng a word, even though he was not encouraged by a single bite. He would carry a gun on his shoulder for hours, walking through woods and fields to shoot a few birds or squirrels. He would never refuse to help a neighbor, even in the roughest work. The women of the village, too, used to employ him to do such little jobs as their less helpful husbands would not do for them. In a word. Rip was ready to attend to everybody's business but his own.
If left to himself, he would have whistled (吹口哨) life away in perfect satisfaction~ but his wife was always mad at him for his idleness (懒散). Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband.
1. Which of the following best describes the Catskill Mountains?
A. They are on the west of the Hudson River.
B. They are very high and beautiful in this area.
C. They can be seen from the Appalachian family.
D. They gather beautiful clouds in blue and purple.
答案: B 指导：本文第一段第二句说明了Catskill山脉之高；第三句说明了其美丽。

因此B为最佳选项。

2. The hero of the story is probably ________.
A. hard-working and likes all kinds of work
B. idle and hates all kinds of jobs
C. simple, idle but very dutiful
D. gentle, helpful but a little idle
答案:D 指导：文章倒数第三段中说明了Rip的gentle(从文中的good-natured可看出)；倒数第二段最后一句说明其helpful；倒数第一段第二句说明其idle.
3. The underlined words" henpecked husband" in the last paragraph probably means a man who______.
A. likes hunting
B. is afraid of hens
C. loves his wife
D. is afraid of his wife
答案：D 指导：通过最后一段可知由于Rip的懒散，妻子不满意，天天抱怨，所以他被迫躲到外面。

做此题还要正确理解which所引导的非限制性定语从句的作用之一是补充说明前面的先行词。

4. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Catskill Mountains.
B. A Mountain Village.
C. Rip Van Winkle.
D. A Dutiful Husband.
答案: C 指导：本文开头先为介绍本文所要讲述的故事提供了一个背景，然后进入正题，所以这道题目出得很妙。

Passage 2(重庆联合诊断卷)
Science and technology have advanced at such a rate that cloning (克隆)has now become a reality. The possibility of cioning humans is a serious issue and raises ethical (伦理的) questions. In my opinion, cloning is useful for research imo cures for disease. However, I think that it needs to be approached with caution and carefully monitored by governments.
Research into cloning and stem cell (肝细胞) production is primarily aimed at finding new treatments for currently incura- ble illnesses. While this would improve the quality of life for many, not enough is understood about what effects cloning would have on the world in the future. This is primarily because we do not understand enough about the effects of cloning and both the physical and psychological effects that is likely to have on cloned humans and on the rest of the world. Further- more, it is thought that a cloned human would be unlikely to survive birth and would suffer from complications resulting from malformed (畸形的) organs.
There are also quite serious ethical issues in danger. In essence, those who are against cloning would argue that scientists have no right to play God and to interfere with natural processes. Producing embryos (~)for the purpose of
harvesting stem cells for research presents important questions about the nature and status of the embryo being produced. It may also make us question whether throwing it away after use reduces the value we place on human life.
A conclusion I do not agree that research into cloning using human embryos should continue. This is not only because it may reduce the value we place on human life, but also because not enough is known about the effects. However, I do think that if there is a way to produce stem cells using cloning which does not put human life at risk, then governments should continue to support it.
1. What is the writer's general opinion on cloning ?
A. It is useful in every area of research.
B. It needs to be carefully controlled by governments.
C. It is useful for research into cures for disease if it is controlled.
D. It is only useful for research into cures for disease.
答案: C 指导：从文章第一段最后两句知，C选项表达作者的观点。

2. The main argument in Paragraph 3 is that ______.
A. scientists do not value human life
B. the process of cloning needs to be questioned
C. cloning devalues human life
D. scientists should not interfere with natural processes
答案:D指导：根据第三段的第二句：“．．．would argue that cientists have no right to play God and interfere with natural processes．”可直接选D.
Passage 3(北大附中模拟卷)
BEIJING ( Associated Press) ! China has a growing middle class, a tradition of expecting education and 21 million new babies every year. Selling educational toys should be easy.
While China may be the world's biggest toy-maker, much of the best is exported. Department stores here do not have e- nough high-quality toys. It is said the demand for educationaltoys is low.
A US company, BabyCare, is trying to change that with a new way to sell toys in China.
BabyCare works basically together with doctors in Beijing hospitals. People who join the company's "mother's club" get lectures and news letters on baby and child development at no extra cost--if they agree to spend 18 dollars a month on the company's educational toys and childeare books.
"We want to build a seven-year relationship with those people," said Matthew J. Estes, BabyCare's president. "It starts during pregnancy, when t he anxiety ar.d needs are highest." BabyCare works on a one-to-one basis. Doctors, nurses, and teachers--paid by BabyCare--advise parents, explaining toys that are designed for children at each stage of development to age six.
BabyCare opened its first store in China last June in a shopping center in central Beijing and another near Beijing Zoo. It plans to have 80 stores in China within six years.
It is a new model for China and develops a market in young children's
education and health that no other companies are in.
1. What do the first two paragraphs mainly tell us?
A. Educational toys and, foreign toy markets.
B. Problems with China's toy market and education.
C. Reasons for pushing sales of educational toys in China.
D. Baby pop ulation and various kinds of toys made in China.
答案: C 指导：直选题，从前两段中知：Selling educational toys should be easy，department stores here do not have enough high-quality toys．
2. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage?
A. Mother's Club in China
B. BabyCare and Doctors
C. American. Company Model
D. On Educational Toys Passage
答案:D 指导：纵观全文，文章主要是关于educational toys的一篇报道，中心意思不言自明。

Passage 4(典型例题海卷)
Transportation and communication networks bring people together. Yet sometimes people themselves create barriers (障碍) to transportation and communication. In some countries, laws stop people from moving freely from place to place. Over the centuries, many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel because of their race, religion, or nationality. In the Middle Ages, for example, Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities. South Africa's government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country. Some governments require all citizens to carry identification papers and to report to government of ficials whenever they move.
Countries set up customs posts at their borders. Foreign travellers must go through a customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the country. Usually travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas (签证). Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year. Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country, or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay.
Many of those harriers to travel also act as barriers to communication. When two governments disagree with each other on important matters, they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely. Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret.
Today, people have the ability to travel, to communicate, and to transport goods more quickly and easily than ever be- fore. Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily. The harriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome. But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers, people continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of goods and ideas.
1. The examples in Paragraph 2 are used to tell the readers that______.
A. people have been allowed to travel freely within the country
B. people have not been permitted to travel freely for various reasons
C. travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas
D. customs posts are .necessary at the borders of the countries
答案: B 指导：这是一道细节推断题。

第二段例子说明由于种种原因与可不允许自由地旅游。

2. Some governments limit the freedom of communication because______.
A. they intend to keep their national secrets unknown to others
B. they think such freedom will lead to wars
C. they often disagree with each other on important matters
D. they want to show their authority over communication
答案: A 指导：这是一道细节推断题。

第三段"Countriesoftentry to keep military or industrial information secret．”说明政府限制通信自由的原因是防止泄密。

3. We may learn from the passage-that ______.
A. people do not care about the removal of harriers between countries
B. people can not remove the obstacles made by themselves
C. man-made harriers are sometimes harder to overcome than natural ones
D. barriers should be taken for granted as they always exist
答案: C 指导：这是一道细节推断题。

根据最后一段The barriers that people them selve smake are not So easy too ver come．可推断出人为造成的障碍要比天然障碍难以克服。

4. Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?
A. Barriers Made by People
B. Functions of Communication
C. Restrictions on Transportation
答案: A 指导，这是一道主旨题。

根据短文内容可确定其题目应为Barriers Madeby People．
Passage5(典型例题冈模拟卷)
Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical (判断性的) thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes (过程). Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.
The word" critical" here has a special meaning. It does no mean taking one view against another view, as when someon, criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The na ture of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the news papers, and the faulty reasoning.
Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. I you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinkin about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critics thinker.
Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning ar processes of deep
and careful consideration. They take time and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today' world: fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film Have you are among the people who believe that speed is measure of intelligence (智力), you may learn something ney from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banes Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Eir stein, Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein imme diately put Hoffman at easeby saying," Please go slowly,
don't understand things quickly. ”
1. Critical thin king is important to us because if we do nt think critically______.
A. it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast
B. we might be controlled by other people's ideas
C. we will follow the ideas of others naturally
D. we might be fooled by other people's ideas
答案: B 指导；由文章第一段中“When you think critically，you take control of your thinking processes．Other wise，you might becontrolled by the ideas of others”可知B正确。

2. If you are a critical thinker, you will______.
A. think deeply about different ideas
B. trust the reports in die newspapers
C. take one view against another view
D. criticize other people for their mistakes
答案: A 指导：由文章第三段"If you find pleasure indeep thinking about different ideas，characters，and facts，you are acriticaithinker"，可知A正确。

3. In the last paragraph," something new "suggests that______.
A. the smarter you are, the faster you do things
B. the faster you do things, the smarter you become
C. speed can improve intelligence
D. intelligence is not decided by speed
答案: D 指导；由文章最后一句"Please So slowly．Idon't understand things quickly"可知Something new暗示“that intelligence is not decided by speed”，所以D正确。

4. What would be the best tide for the passage?
A. Thinking and Critical Thinking
B. Understanding Critical Thinking
C. Thinking Natural and Human
D. Thinking Fast Means Intelligence
答案: B 指导：本文着重分析了批判性思考的含义，所以B项“Understanding Critical Thinking"做文章的题目最恰当．
Ⅲ新高考命题探究
Passage 1
On hearing the words "Just do it!", you will know there is a Nike product nearby. If it's "Always Coca-Cola", you can be sure someone wants to sell you a refreshing drink.
An advertising slogan is to a brand what eyes are to a person. The slogan。