计算机发展史【英文精品】
计算机历史与发展英语作文
计算机历史与发展英语作文英文回答：The History and Evolution of Computers.The history of computers dates back to the early days of human civilization. The first known computing devices were the abacus and the astrolabe, which were used by the ancient Greeks and Chinese for mathematical calculations and astronomy.In the 16th century, the invention of the mechanical calculator by Blaise Pascal marked a significant advancement in computing technology. This device could perform basic arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.The 19th century saw the development of more advanced computing machines, such as the Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage. This machine was capable of performing awide range of mathematical operations and is considered to be the first mechanical computer.In the 20th century, the invention of the electronic computer revolutionized the field of computing. The first electronic computer, the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), was developed by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry at the University of Pennsylvania in 1943.The ENIAC was a massive machine that weighed over 30 tons and contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes. It was capable of performing complex calculations at a speed of 5,000 operations per second.The development of transistors in the late 1940s and early 1950s led to the creation of smaller and more powerful computers. The first transistorized computer, the TX-0, was developed by MIT in 1956.The 1960s and 1970s saw the development of integrated circuits (ICs), which allowed multiple transistors to bepacked onto a single silicon chip. This advancement led to the creation of even smaller and more powerful computers.The 1980s saw the release of the first personal computers (PCs), which brought computing power toindividual users for the first time. The IBM PC, releasedin 1981, was a particularly influential model that popularized the PC concept.The 1990s and early 2000s saw the development of the World Wide Web and the Internet, which connected computers around the world and revolutionized the way people communicated and accessed information.The 21st century has seen the rise of mobile computing, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI). Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, have become ubiquitous, providing users with access to computing power and connectivity on the go.Cloud computing allows users to access and store data and applications over the Internet, rather than on theirown devices. This provides greater flexibility and scalability.AI is a field of computer science that focuses on developing intelligent systems that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.The development of computers has had a profound impact on society. Computers have revolutionized the way we work, communicate, learn, and access information. They have also played a major role in scientific research, engineering, medicine, and many other fields.As computing technology continues to evolve, it is likely to have an even greater impact on our lives in the years to come.中文回答：计算机的历史与发展。
计算机的发展史【英文】
Computer Architecture
Before the Computer Generations
He conceived another
machine, called the analytical engine and receive the support of Ada, the countess of Lovelace, which is considered the first computer programmer in history. Ada developed the instructions for doing computations on the analytical engine. The machine was never completed.
Computer Architecture
Computer Generations
First Generation (1945 – 1955) Second Generation (1955 – 1965) Third Generation (1965 – 1975) Fourth Generation (1975 – Present)
Computer Architecture
Before the Computer Generations
Harvard Mark 1 is 8 feet high and 55 feet
long of steel and glass. It was released in 1944. In early 1940s, the American military approaches Dr. John Mauchly at University of Pennsylvania to calculate trajectories for military missiles & artillery
英语介绍电脑发展史
The ULSI
The PC
The smallest CMOS chip(芯 片) in the world . It is 0.4
mm level.
Maybe computer’s invention is for the war, but with the development of society. I believe that the purpose of computer-generated is to make people to create more material wealth, and make the potential of people even greater development.
The third generation of integrated circuits(集成电路
IC)computer
In 1958 Texas(德州)engineer Jack Kilby invented the IC, made three electronic component (原件) into a tiny silicon(硅). It is a leap in the history of computer development. The computer becomes smaller, lower power consumption, faster. And made possible in the invention of personal computers.
Thasley A．Clark and the LINC(1964)(the first personal computer in the world)
The fourth generation of large scale integrated circuit computers(LSI) (1972 - present)
计算机的发展史英语文章
The History of Computer DevelopmentComputers have become an integral part of our modern world, revolutionizing almost every aspect of our lives. But the journey of computer development has been a long and fascinating one. Let's delve into the history of computers:1. Pre-20th century: The concept of a calculating machine can be traced back to ancient times. The abacus, invented in ancient Mesopotamia around 2400 BC, is considered one of the earliest calculating devices. Several other mechanical calculators were developed over the centuries, including the slide rule and Blaise Pascal's mechanical calculator in the 17th century.2. 19th century: The 1800s witnessed significant progress in computer-related technologies. Charles Babbage, an English mathematician, designed the Analytical Engine, a mechanical device capable of performing complex calculations. Although never fully built during his lifetime, Babbage's work laid the foundation for future computer systems.3. Early 20th century: The first electronic computer emerged in the early 20th century. In 1936, Alan Turing introduced the concept of a universal machine capable of performing any computation. Turing's work influenced the development of electronic computers in subsequent decades.4. 1940s-1950s: During World War II, countries such as the United States and Germany invested heavily in developing electronic computers for military purposes. In 1946, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) became the world's first general-purpose electronic computer. Following ENIAC, various other computers were developed, including the UNIVAC I, which was the first commercial computer.5. 1960s-1970s: This period witnessed the development of integrated circuits, which led to the miniaturization of computers. Mainframe computers dominated the scene, and the concept of timesharing emerged, allowing multiple users to access a computer simultaneously. In 1969, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was established, laying the groundwork for the internet.6. 1980s-1990s: The personal computer (PC) revolutionized the technology landscape during this period. IBM introduced the IBM PC in 1981, and various other manufacturers followed suit, launching affordable and user-friendly PCs. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) became popular, and Microsoft's Windows operating system gained widespread adoption.7. 21st century: The exponential growth of computer technology continued into the new millennium. Mobile computing became a reality with the introduction of smartphones and tablets. Cloud computing gained prominence, enabling easy access to vast computing resources. Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and big data analytics emerged as major fields in computer science.The history of computer development is an ever-evolving story. Today, we witness the advent of technologies like quantum computing, augmented reality, and Internet of Things (IoT), paving the way for a future where computers will continue to shape and transform our world..。
计算机发展历史文章
计算机发展历史文章英文回答：The History of Computing.The history of computing dates back to the early daysof human civilization. In the ancient world, people used simple mechanical devices to aid in calculations. The abacus, a simple counting frame, has been used forcenturies to perform basic arithmetic operations.In the 17th century, the invention of the mechanical calculator by Wilhelm Schickard marked a significant step forward in the development of computing. This machine was capable of performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.In the 19th century, Charles Babbage developed the Analytical Engine, which is widely regarded as the first general-purpose computer. This machine was capable ofperforming a wide range of operations, including logical operations and conditional branching.In the early 20th century, the development ofelectronic computers began to accelerate. In 1943, the Atanasoff-Berry Computer became the first electronicdigital computer. This machine was followed by the ENIAC, which was the first electronic general-purpose computer.In the 1950s, the development of the transistor led to a significant reduction in the size and power consumption of computers. This made it possible to create smaller and more powerful computers.In the 1960s, the development of the integrated circuit led to a further reduction in the size and power consumption of computers. This made it possible to create even smaller and more powerful computers.In the 1970s, the development of the microprocessor led to the creation of the first personal computers. These computers were small enough and affordable enough to beused by individuals.In the 1980s, the development of the graphical user interface (GUI) made computers easier to use. This led to a significant increase in the popularity of personal computers.In the 1990s, the development of the internet led to a global network of computers. This made it possible to share information and resources across vast distances.In the 21st century, the development of cloud computing has led to a new era of computing. This technology allows users to access software and data from anywhere on the internet.The history of computing is a story of continuous innovation. From the simple abacus to the modern cloud computer, humans have constantly pushed the boundaries of what is possible with computing technology.中文回答：计算机发展史。
计算机历史与发展英语作文
计算机历史与发展英语作文The Evolution of Computing: A Journey Through Technological Advancements.From the rudimentary beginnings of the abacus to the sophisticated quantum computers of today, the history of computing has been marked by a continuous pursuit of innovation and technological breakthroughs. This journey has shaped our world in countless ways, transforming the way we communicate, work, learn, and even experience entertainment.Early Beginnings: Counting, Calculating, and Communication.The first known computing devices emerged thousands of years ago. The abacus, invented in ancient Mesopotamia, allowed for simple arithmetic calculations by manipulating beads on a frame. Other early devices, such as the astrolabe and the sundial, enabled astronomers to measuretime and celestial phenomena.In the 17th century, the invention of the mechanical calculator, such as Blaise Pascal's Pascaline,revolutionized the process of arithmetic. These machines, using gears and levers, could perform complex calculations with greater speed and accuracy.A New Era of Electricity and Automation.The 19th century marked the dawn of the electrical age, which brought about significant advances in computing technology. In 1822, Charles Babbage proposed theAnalytical Engine, a mechanical computer that employedpunch cards for programming. Although never fully completed, Babbage's ideas laid the foundation for modern computers.In 1889, Herman Hollerith's development of the punched card for use in the 1890 US Census demonstrated thepotential of automated data processing. This invention ledto the establishment of the Tabulating Machine Company, which later became IBM.The Birth of the Electronic Computer.The 20th century witnessed the advent of electronic computers, which completely transformed the field of computing. In 1946, the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was built as a massive and complex machine to perform complex calculations for the US Army.Soon after, the University of Pennsylvania developedthe EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), which introduced the stored program concept,revolutionizing computer architecture. This idea allowed a single computer to perform multiple tasks by storing instructions in memory.The Transistor Revolution and Miniaturization.The invention of the transistor in 1947 marked apivotal moment in computing history. Transistors, replacing the bulky and unreliable vacuum tubes, were smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient. This breakthrough paved the wayfor the miniaturization of computers and the development of the first integrated circuits (ICs) in the late 1950s.The Personal Computer Revolution.In the 1970s, the development of microprocessors (single-chip computers) sparked the personal computer revolution. Companies like Apple, Commodore, and IBM introduced affordable and user-friendly personal computers, democratizing access to computing for millions.The introduction of the graphical user interface (GUI) in the 1980s made computers more accessible and intuitive for users. With the advent of the internet in the 1990s, personal computers became gateways to a global network of information and communication.The Mobile and Cloud Computing Era.The 21st century witnessed the rise of mobile computing and cloud computing. Smartphones and tablets, equipped with powerful processors and wireless connectivity, have becomeubiquitous. Cloud computing platforms offer access to avast pool of computing resources, providing businesses and individuals with on-demand access to software, data storage, and other services.Quantum Computing: The Next Frontier.Today, quantum computing stands as the next major advancement in computing technology. Unlike traditional computers that rely on 0s and 1s, quantum computers utilize the principles of quantum mechanics to perform complex calculations at unprecedented speeds. Quantum computershave the potential to revolutionize fields such as cryptography, materials science, and drug discovery.Conclusion.The history of computing is a testament to therelentless pursuit of innovation and technological progress. From the simple abacus to the sophisticated quantum computers of today, this journey has transformed the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. Astechnology continues to advance at an exponential pace, we stand on the cusp of a future where computing will play an even more integral role in shaping our society and unlocking new possibilities.。
计算机历史与发展英语作文
计算机历史与发展英语作文英文回答：Computer history and development has been a fascinating journey filled with innovation, breakthroughs, and challenges. The evolution of computers can be traced back to the early 20th century when the first mechanical computers were invented. These early machines were large, slow, and mainly used for complex calculations.As time went on, the development of electronic computers revolutionized the industry. The invention of the ENIAC in the 1940s marked a significant milestone in computer history, as it was the first general-purpose electronic computer. This paved the way for the development of smaller, faster, and more powerful computers in the following decades.The introduction of personal computers in the 1970s and 1980s brought computing power to the masses. Companies likeApple and IBM played a crucial role in popularizing personal computers and making them more accessible to the average consumer. This era also saw the rise of operating systems like MS-DOS and Windows, which further simplified the user experience.The advent of the internet in the 1990s changed the way we use computers forever. The World Wide Web made it possible to access information, communicate with others, and conduct business online. This led to the development of e-commerce, social media, and other online services that have become an integral part of our daily lives.Looking ahead, the future of computer technology is filled with exciting possibilities. Advancements inartificial intelligence, quantum computing, and other emerging technologies are shaping the next generation of computers. These innovations have the potential to revolutionize industries, improve efficiency, and enhance our quality of life.In conclusion, the history and development of computershave come a long way since their humble beginnings. From mechanical calculators to supercomputers, computers have transformed the way we work, communicate, and live. As technology continues to evolve, I am excited to see whatthe future holds for the world of computers.中文回答：计算机的历史与发展是一段充满创新、突破和挑战的迷人旅程。
电脑的起源与发展英语作文
The Origin and Evolution of Computers The journey of computers, from their humble beginnings to the sophisticated machines we have today, is a fascinating tale of technological advancement and innovation. Tracing back the origin of computers, we find ourselves in the mid-19th century, when the concept of programmable machines started to take shape. However, it was the late 20th century that witnessed the birth of the modern computer era, which has revolutionized the way we live and work.The earliest precursors of computers were mechanical calculators, designed to perform basic arithmetic operations. These machines, like the abacus and the slide rule, were used for centuries to assist in mathematical computations. However, it was the invention of the first electronic computer, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), in 1945, that marked a significant milestone in the history of computing.ENIAC was a bulky machine, occupying an entire room and employing thousands of vacuum tubes. Despite its size and limitations, it was capable of performing complexcalculations much faster than any human or previous machine. This groundbreaking invention laid the foundation for the development of more compact and powerful computers in the following decades.The advent of transistors in the late 1940s and the subsequent development of integrated circuits in the 1960s further miniaturized computers, making them more accessible and affordable. This led to the emergence of personal computers in the 1970s and 1980s, which revolutionized the computing industry. These machines, initially targeted at hobbyists and enthusiasts, soon became a household item, allowing individuals to access and process information with unprecedented ease.The evolution of computers did not stop there. The advent of the internet in the 1990s opened up a new era of connectivity and information sharing. Computers became not just tools for computation but also gateways to a global network of knowledge and resources. The rise of cloud computing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence has further expanded the capabilities of computers, makingthem indispensable in fields like healthcare, education, business, and science.Today, computers have penetrated every aspect of our lives, from the smartphones we carry in our pockets to the supercomputers that drive complex scientific research. They have made it possible for us to communicate instantly, access vast amounts of information, and automate tasks that were once beyond our capabilities.Looking ahead, the future of computing seems asexciting and unpredictable as its past. With the development of quantum computing, neuromorphic computing, and other emerging technologies, we can expect computers to become even more powerful and efficient. They will continue to transform the way we live and work, opening up new possibilities and challenging our imagination.In conclusion, the origin and evolution of computers represent a remarkable journey of technological progress. From their humble beginnings as simple calculating machines to the sophisticated, interconnected systems we have today, computers have revolutionized the world. As we move into the future, the potential of computing remains vast andunexplored, promising new frontiers of discovery and innovation.**电脑的起源与发展**从电脑的雏形到我们今天所拥有的精密机器，其发展是一段引人入胜的技术进步与创新的故事。
关于计算机发展的英语作文
**The Evolution of Computers**Computers have revolutionized the way we live and work, evolving from bulky machines to powerful, portable devices. The journey of computer development began in the mid-20th century, with the introduction of the first-generation computers, which were large, expensive, and relied heavily on vacuum tubes.Over time, computers have evolved at a rapid pace. The advent of microprocessors and integrated circuits significantly reduced their size and increased their capabilities. The introduction of personal computers in the 1980s marked a significant milestone, allowing individuals to access computing power in their homes and offices.The 21st century has witnessed further leaps in computer technology. Computers are now smaller, faster, and more powerful than ever before. They are not just used for basic tasks like word processing and data storage, but also for complex applications like artificial intelligence, big data analysis, and virtual reality.Moreover, the development of smartphones and tablets has blurred the lines between traditional computers and mobile devices. These portable computers have become an integral part of our lives, enabling us to stay connected and productive on the go.In conclusion, the evolution of computers has been a remarkable journey, from their humble beginnings to their current state ofsophistication. As technology continues to advance, computers will continue to play an increasingly important role in our lives.。
电脑进化史作文英文
电脑进化史作文英文英文，The evolution of computers is a fascinating journey that has revolutionized the way we live and work. From the early mechanical calculators to the powerful supercomputers of today, the advancement in technology has been nothing short of remarkable.One of the earliest computing devices was the abacus, which originated in ancient China. This simple yet ingenious tool allowed users to perform basic arithmetic calculations by moving beads along rods. It laid the foundation for more complex computing machines to come.In the mid-20th century, the invention of the electronic computer marked a significant milestone. Early computers like the ENIAC were massive machines that filled entire rooms and required extensive manual programming. However, they paved the way for smaller, more efficient computers that would eventually become accessible to the general public.The introduction of the microprocessor in the 1970s revolutionized the computer industry. This tiny chip contained the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, allowing for greater miniaturization and faster processing speeds. Companies like Intel and AMD became leaders in microprocessor development, driving innovation and competition in the market.The 1980s saw the rise of personal computers (PCs), thanks to pioneers like Apple and IBM. These user-friendly machines brought computing power into people's homes and offices, enabling individuals to perform tasks like word processing, gaming, and communication with ease. Phrases like "surfing the web" and "scrolling through social media" became commonplace as the internet became accessible to the masses.As technology continued to advance, computers became more powerful and portable. Laptops, tablets, and smartphones revolutionized the way we interact with information, allowing us to stay connected and productiveon the go. Terms like "cloud computing" and "artificial intelligence" entered our lexicon as computers became increasingly integrated into our daily lives.Looking ahead, the future of computing holds even more exciting possibilities. Quantum computers, which harness the principles of quantum mechanics, promise to revolutionize fields like cryptography, drug discovery, and weather forecasting. As technology continues to evolve, one thing is certain: the journey of computers has only just begun.中文，计算机的演变是一段迷人的旅程，彻底改变了我们的生活和工作方式。
电脑发展史的英语作文
电脑发展史的英语作文The Wild Ride of Computers.Early Days: Big and Bulky.Remember those old computers? They were huge! Like, you needed a whole room for them. And they were so slow, it took minutes to load a program. But hey, they were a start.Microchips: The Magic Inside.Then came the microchips. Suddenly, computers got smaller and faster. You could even have one on your desk at home! They changed everything.The Web: Connecting the World.And then the internet happened. Computers went from being just tools to being windows to the world. Suddenly, you could search for anything, talk to anyone, anywhere. Itwas like magic.Mobile: Always Connected.Smartphones and tablets took it to the next level. Now you didn't even need a computer to be online. You could just grab your phone and go. It was freedom!The Future: Who Knows?And where are we going from here? With AI and quantum computing on the horizon, the future is anything but certain. But one thing's for sure: computers are going to keep changing our world in ways we can't even imagine yet.。
计算机发明故事英语作文
计算机发明故事英语作文The Invention of the Computer。
In the history of mankind, one of the most remarkable inventions is the computer. The computer has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. But have you ever wondered how this amazing machine was invented?The story of the computer begins in the early 19th century with the invention of the Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage. The Analytical Engine was a mechanical device that could perform complex mathematical calculations. Although Babbage's invention was never completed, it laid the foundation for the modern computer.In the 20th century, the development of the computer accelerated with the invention of the electronic computer. One of the key figures in this development was Alan Turing, a British mathematician and computer scientist. Turing played a crucial role in breaking the German Enigma codeduring World War II, using a machine called the Bombe. This experience inspired Turing to develop the concept of a universal machine that could perform any computation. This concept became the basis for the modern computer.The first electronic computer was the ENIAC, which was built in the United States in 1946. The ENIAC was a massive machine that filled an entire room and could perform complex calculations at a speed that was unheard of at the time. Although the ENIAC was a major breakthrough, it was not until the invention of the transistor in the 1950s that computers became more compact and affordable.The invention of the transistor paved the way for the development of the microprocessor, which revolutionized the computer industry. The microprocessor made it possible to build smaller, faster, and more powerful computers, leading to the development of personal computers in the 1970s.Today, computers are an integral part of our daily lives. We use them for work, entertainment, communication, and so much more. The invention of the computer has trulychanged the world in ways that were once unimaginable.In conclusion, the invention of the computer is a testament to human ingenuity and innovation. From the Analytical Engine to the modern-day supercomputers, the evolution of the computer has been a remarkable journey.The computer has transformed the way we live and work, and its impact will continue to be felt for generations to come.。
电脑的历史英语作文
电脑的历史英语作文The History of Computers。
The history of computers can be traced back to theearly 20th century when the first mechanical computers were developed. These early machines were large, slow, and expensive, and were primarily used for complex calculations and data processing. However, as technology advanced, computers became smaller, faster, and more affordable, leading to their widespread use in a variety of applications.One of the most significant developments in the history of computers was the invention of the electronic computerin the 1940s. This new type of computer used electronic components such as vacuum tubes and transistors to perform calculations, and was much faster and more reliable thanits mechanical predecessors. The invention of theelectronic computer marked the beginning of the digital age, and laid the foundation for the development of moderncomputers.In the 1950s and 1960s, computers continued to evolve, with the introduction of mainframe computers and the development of programming languages such as COBOL and FORTRAN. These advancements made it possible for businesses and organizations to automate a wide range of tasks, from accounting and payroll to inventory management andscientific research. As a result, computers became an essential tool for businesses and government agencies, and their use continued to grow throughout the 1970s and 1980s.The 1980s also saw the introduction of personal computers, which revolutionized the way people work, communicate, and access information. These smaller, more affordable machines made it possible for individuals tohave their own computer at home, and led to the development of software applications such as word processors, spreadsheets, and games. The widespread adoption ofpersonal computers also led to the creation of the internet, which has had a profound impact on society and the way we live and work.In recent years, computers have continued to evolve, with the development of new technologies such as mobile devices, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. These advancements have made it possible for computers to be even more powerful, versatile, and accessible, and have opened up new possibilities for how we use and interact with technology.In conclusion, the history of computers is a story of innovation, progress, and transformation. From the early mechanical computers to the powerful and interconnected devices of today, computers have had a profound impact on society and the way we live and work. As technology continues to advance, it is likely that computers will continue to play a central role in our lives, and will continue to shape the future in ways we can only imagine.。
电脑的发展英语作文
电脑的发展英语作文The Development of Computers。
In the past few decades, the development of computers has been nothing short of remarkable. From the very first bulky and slow machines to the sleek and lightning-fast devices we have today, the evolution of computers has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate.The history of computers can be traced back to the early 20th century when the first electronic computers were developed. These early machines were enormous and required large amounts of power to operate. They were alsoincredibly slow compared to today's standards. However, as technology advanced, computers became smaller, faster, and more powerful.One of the most significant milestones in the development of computers was the invention of the integrated circuit in the 1950s. This allowed for theminiaturization of computer components, making it possible to create smaller and more efficient machines. The introduction of the personal computer in the 1970s further revolutionized the industry, bringing computing power into the homes of millions of people around the world.The 1990s saw the rise of the internet, which completely transformed the way we use computers. Theability to connect to a vast network of information and communicate with people all over the world has had a profound impact on nearly every aspect of our lives. Today, we can access the internet from a wide range of devices, including smartphones, tablets, and laptops, making it easier than ever to stay connected and informed.In recent years, the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning has pushed the boundaries of what computers can do even further. These technologies have the potential to revolutionize industries such as healthcare, transportation, and finance, and could have a profound impact on society as a whole.Looking to the future, it's clear that the development of computers will continue to play a crucial role in shaping our world. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more powerful and versatile computers that will further enhance our lives and change the way we interact with the world around us.In conclusion, the development of computers has come a long way since the early days of large, slow machines. From the invention of the integrated circuit to the rise of the internet and the advent of artificial intelligence, computers have become an integral part of our lives. As technology continues to advance, we can only imagine what the future holds for the world of computers.。
计算机发展史(英语版)
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, engineers made great strides（进步） in reducing the size of electronic components. They developed the semiconductor chip(半导体芯片), which was about the size of a fingenail and could contain hundreds of transistors.
The ultimate all-in-one. Honed to the cutting edge.
The first iMac was a revolution: An all-in-one computer(一体机) that put everything —mainframe( 主机), monitor(显示 器) and more — inside one simple, fashionable shell(外壳). Today, iMac includes a brilliant desktop display, and it’s filled with the latest highperformance technologies. Yet it’s just 5 mm thin at its edge.
1955 年，贝尔实验室使用 800 只晶 体管 组装 了世界 上第一台晶体管计算机 TRADIC。 (Transistor Digital Computer)
In 1981, International Business Machines (IBM), the largest computer company in the world, introduced its own microcomputer, dubbed the IBM PC (“PC” is the abbreviation for personal computer).
计算机发展历史英文PPT The history of computer.
——XXX（09级通信一班）
• Nearly 5,000 years ago the abacus emerged in Asia Minor. The abacus may be considered the first computer. This device allowed its users to make computations using a system of sliding beads arranged on a rack. Early shopkeepers used the abacus to keep up with transactions. The use of pencil and paper spread, the abacus lost its importance.
6、The PDP—8 is generally recognized as the most important small computer of the 1960's .
7、Interface Message Processor (IMP)
8、The first commercially available personal computer——Kenbak-1
• It wasn't until 1820, however, that mechanical calculators gained widespread use. A Frenchman invented a machine that could perform the four basic mathematic functions.
• In 1642, Blaise Pascal, the 18-year-old son of a French tax collector, invented what he called a numerical wheel calculator to help his father with his duties. In 1694, a German mathematician and philosopher improved the Pascaline by creating a machine that could also multiply.
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John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry
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American physicists at Iowa State College
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Berry was Atanasoff’s grad student
Built ABC machine in late 1930s Special-purpose calculator for finding solutions to systems of equations
Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace
1815-1852
”The Analytical Engine weaves algebraic patterns just as the Jacquard loom weaves flowers and leaves”
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Charles Babbage’s patron, assistant, and chronicler Daughter of Lord Byron, the poet Wrote sets of instructions for the Analytical Engine
Inspired by Babbage’s Analytical Engine
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Electromechanical design with relays for switching elements
Rear Admiral Grace Hopper
Howard Aiken
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Handled 23-digit numbers, logarithms, trigonometric functions Controlled by punched paper tape Fully automatic but slow (3-5 seconds per multiplication) Remained in use at Harvard until 1959
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110010101 100010001101 11110 0001011 001001011 1101010
Howard Aiken
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American physicist and applied mathematician
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Built Mark I at Harvard in collaboration with Grace Hopper and IBM engineers in 1944
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All-electronic design using vacuum tubes for switching elements Never completed, due to insufficient funding
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The Atanasoff-Berry Computer
(replica)
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Stacks of punched cards served as a permanent memory
Cut census time from 10+ years to 6 weeks Not programmable Started a company to market his machine which merged with others to form the ComputingTabulating-Recording Company (eventually known as... )
Konrad Zuse
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German engineer under the Third Reich
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Built Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 in late 1930s and early 1940s with Helmut Schreyer
Electromechanical design with relays for switching elements General-purpose computing device Controlled by perforated celluloid strips (like punched cards) First machine to use binary number system Never completed, due to insufficient funding from the Nazi government
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Theory of computation (1936) Artificial intelligence (1950) Self-organizing chemical reactions (1952)
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Rear Admiral Grace Hopper
The First Bug
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Grace Hopper found the first actual computer bug while working on the Mark II in 1945
Alan Turing
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English mathematician and first true computer scientist Invented a mathematical model of a computer called a Turing Machine Proved fundamental theorems about the limitations of computers Wrote groundbreaking papers in many different fields
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World’s first computer programmer
U.S. Department of Defense named its programming langauge Ada after her
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Jacquard loom
Herman Hollerith
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Developed a tabulating machine for the U.S. census of 1890