创业中英文文献
创业中英文文献
参考文献中文参考文献：1.【澳】朗达.拜恩：《秘密》，谢明宪译，北京：中国城市出版社2008年版。
2.【美】安德鲁·杜布林：《心理学与工作(原书第6版)》，王佳艺译，中国人民大学出版社2007年版。
3.【美】阿瑟•S•波雷：《心理学词典》，上海：上海译文出版社1996年版。
4.【美】班杜拉：《自我效能：控制的实施》，华东师范大学出版社2003年版。
5.【美】彼得·德鲁克：《21世纪的管理挑战》，机械工业出版社2007年版。
6.【美】舒尔茨：《工业与组织心理学(心理学与现代社会的工作第8版)》，时勘等译，中国轻工业出版社2004版。
7.樊一阳，叶春明，吴满琳：《大学生创业学导论》，上海财经大学出版社2005年版。
8.林嵩：《创业学：原理与实践》，上海财经大学出版社2008年版。
9.刘穿石：《创业能力心理学》，陕西师范大学出版社2004年版。
10.刘勇：《团体心理辅导与训练》，中山大学出版社2007年版。
11.【美】罗伯特·赫里斯,迈克尔·彼得斯：《创业学》，王玉，王蔷等译，清华大学出版社2004年版。
12.【美】杰弗里·蒂蒙斯：《创业者》，周伟民译，华夏出版社2002年版。
13.【奥】米塞斯：《经济学的认识论问题》，经济科学出版社2001年。
14.【美】莫特玛•阿德勒：《西方思想宝库》，周汉林等译，中国广播电视出版社1991年版。
15.黄希庭：《心理学导论》，人民教育出版社2007年版。
16.儒索等：《决策行为分析》，北京师范大学出版社1998年版。
17.宋克勤：《创业成功学》，经济管理出版社2002年版。
18.王重鸣：《管理心理学》，人民教育出版社2000年版。
19.王英杰，郭晓平：《创业教育与指导》，机械工业出版社2006年版。
20.徐剑明：《自主创业实务》，中国经济出版社2007年版。
21.郁义鸿,李志能等：《创业学》，复旦大学出版社2000年版。
大众创业英文作文
大众创业英文作文Starting a business is not an easy task. It requires a lot of hard work, dedication, and perseverance. You have to be willing to take risks and step out of your comfort zone.One of the biggest challenges of entrepreneurship is the uncertainty. You never know if your business will succeed or fail. It's a constant rollercoaster of emotions and you have to be prepared for the ups and downs.But the satisfaction of building something from scratch and seeing it grow is incomparable. It's a feeling of accomplishment and pride that makes all the struggles worth it.In the world of entrepreneurship, networking is key. You have to constantly be meeting new people, making connections, and building relationships. You never know who might be able to help you or open doors for your business.Another important aspect of entrepreneurship is the ability to adapt and pivot. You have to be able to change your business model, strategy, or even your entire product if necessary. Flexibility is crucial in the ever-changing business world.Financial management is also a crucial skill for entrepreneurs. You have to be able to budget, forecast, and manage your cash flow effectively. Without proper financial management, even the best business idea can fail.In conclusion, entrepreneurship is not for the faint of heart. It requires hard work, dedication, and a willingness to take risks. But the rewards of building a successful business are well worth the effort.。
创业融资中英文对照外文翻译文献
创业融资中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Entrepreneurial FinancingThe financing of startups entails potentially extreme adverse selection costs given the absent track record of the firms seeking capital, and given the risky nature of the industries in which many of them operate. Exacerbating the problem, this scenario often involves an innovator who has extensive technical knowledge but has neither the accumulated reputation nor the bondable wealth necessary to convey this information credibly.Barry characterizes venture capital as having evolved precisely to fill this startup financing niche:At the level of small, risky ventures, access to capital markets is restricted. Not all entrepreneurs can self-finance their projects, and not all can find bankers or angels who will carry the shortfall. Venture capitalists offer them a source of funds that is specifically designed for use in risky settings. The venture capitalists themselves perform due diligence prior to investing, and information gleaned in that process can greatly reduce the adverse selection problem..This outlook raises several questions. Why is it assumed that banks cannot (or choose not to) perform the same level of due diligence as venture capitalists (VCs)? In what sense is venture capital “designed” for risky settings? The puzzle deepens when one notes that straight debt is typically advocated as a solution to the adverse selection problem whereas in practice VCs often hold convertible preferred equity. Indeed, a defining characteristic of the venture capital market is that contracts are fairly high-powered in the sense that expected payoffs come disproportionately from the equity component or “upside”.These questions can be addressed by reflecting upon the costly due diligence to w hich Barry refers. By directly revealing the project’s quality, due diligence reduces information asymmetry between entrepreneurs and the VC. By contrast, if quality were signaled—the traditional solution to the adverse selection problem—costly due diligence would be unnecessary since there would be no more information to convey.In otherwise, either signaling or costly due diligence can solve the adverse selection problem. The two mechanisms are substitutes; the question then becomes which is more cost-effective.The first contribution of the paper is to show that signaling can be prohibitively expensive in entrepreneurial financing markets, and so costly due diligence dominates. The “cost” of signaling is driven by the incentives of bad firms to pool. Yet,for startups, if funding is not obtained then the firm may have almost no value. With such low reservation values, bad entrepreneurs attempt to pool at nearly any cost. As the analysis shows, securities is unattractive enough to drive out bad entrepreneurs—and thus to serve as a credible signal—tend to be unattractive to good entrepreneurs as well. Costly due diligence emerges as the preferred solution.As testament to the empirical importance of due diligence costs in venture capital markets, Fried and Hans characterize the VC funding process as composed of six distinct, progressively rigorous stages of screening. This due diligence takes an average of 97 days to complete even before the first round of funding is initiated. The majority of funding proposals do not successfully pass through the first screen, let alone subsequent screens, and the full process is described as “much more involved in bank loan reviews.The second contribution of the paper is to illustrate a link between costly due diligence and high-powered (or equity-like) financial contracts. The intuition behind this link is simple. By definition, low-powered contracts are safe; i.e., expected payoffs vary little across firms. High-powered contracts magnify the differential in payoff between funding good and bad projects, and hence magnify the incentives to screen out bad projects. In effect, high-powered contracts make the VC bear the cost of choosing entrepreneurs unwisely. Therefore high-powered contracts encourage due diligence.To summarize, this model is designed to make three simple points: (1) upside sharing is to be expected given costly evaluation, (2) such costly evaluations serve as a substitute traditional solutions to the adverse selection problem, and (3) traditional solutions are dominated for parameterizations of the model that correspond to venturecapital markets.Following the path-breaking empirical work of Saar, a theoretical literature on VC contract design emerged. One common feature of these papers is that they rationalize the optimality of convertible securities. A second common feature of these models is the admission of agency costs. For example, VCs and entrepreneurs may have different preferences regarding project risk or exit strategy.In part, the literature’s relia nce on agency costs owes to a widespread belief in their empirical relevance. It is also presumably related to the aforementioned consensus: since debt is considered the optimal response to adverse selection, non-debt securities must imply the presence of another market friction. On the other hand, it is clear how agency costs could lead to equity-like securities. Conflicts-of-interest over future actions are mitigated by granting both parties roughly symmetrical payoffs, which leads to upside-sharing. Of course, the omission of agency problems from the current model is not intended to suggest that they are unimportant empirically. Rather, the lesson is that agency costs are not a necessary condition for equity-like securities.Perhaps surprisingly, the theoretical results most closely related to this paper are contained in analyses of publicly traded securities. Assuming liquidity is exogenous and that prices are set by competitive market makers, Boot and Thakor show that splitting securities into an information-sensitive piece and a safer piece may either increase or decrease traders’ incentives to produce information. Fulghieri and Lukin study a similar environment but split the firm’s claims into a piece sold to outside investors and another piece that is retained, again analyzing the interaction between security design and information acquisition.Two important distinctions set my results apart from these models of public trading. First, their models exogenously rule out signaling, so it not possible to examine whether traditional solutions to adverse selection are dominated and, if so, under what conditions. Second, it is not clear how the results of these public trading models might be extended to entrepreneurial finance markets since the assumption that drives their results—losses by liquidity traders with perfectly inelasticdemand—has no obvious counterpart in an entrepreneurial finance setting.The economy consists of entrepreneurs with projects requiring capital investment K. The value of funded projects is 1 with probability πτ, where τ∈{G, B} is an indicator of project quality, and λ< 1 otherwise.Funded projects have expected value Vi = πτ 1 + (1 − πτ)λ. It is assumed thatλ< K. Otherwise the model would admit riskless debt, which would eliminate the adverse selection problem.Entrepreneurs have reservation value V; that is, contracts are acceptable only if the residual claim has expected value V or higher. In a model of mature firm financing, V is most clearly interpreted as the value of assets-in-place, because this is the continuation value of the firm in the absence of new investment. Such an interpretation is valid in entrepreneurial settings as well because without attracting financing the entrepreneur owns the existing assets outright. The key difference is one of magnitude. Compared to models of mature firms, in entrepreneurial settings the value of assets-in-place is small relative to other parameters.The net present value of projects, Vτ−V − K, is assumed to satisfyEVG − V − K ≥0 ≥EV B − V − K. (1) Equation (1) justifies the nomenclature “good” and “bad.” The net present value of a project is positive if and only if the project is good. Finally, it is assumed that net present values satisfyθ(EG − V − K) + (1 −θ)(EB − V − K) ≥0, (2) where θis the proportion of good projects in the economy. Because net present values are positive (on average), the model admits pooling equilibrium.One source of capital is an uninformed investor who conducts a mechanical credit evaluation based on observable characteristics. This investor may be thought of as a proxy for the competitive commercial banking market. Consistent with this interpretation, it will be shown that this investor takes debt in equilibrium. Briefly, the intuition is that when one is uninformed, one solves the adverse selection problem in the traditional way. As mentioned in the introduction, this solution is debt.An alternative source of capital is an investor endowed with technology that canevaluate project quality. This investor is referred to as a VC. Consistent with this identification, it will be shown that the VC takes high-powered contracts in equilibrium. Likewise, it needs to be shown that the VC actually employs the screening technology. A priori, this usage is not obvious. In particular, if the financial contract is very generous (if it leaves the VC with a large stake), then it may be profitable to forego the costly evaluation in favor of funding all projects. Such an outcome would benefit bad entrepreneurs, because they too would like to attract funding provided they can pool with good firms and thereby obtain mispriced financing. By limiting this pooling, costly due diligence effects a transfer from bad entrepreneurs to good entrepreneurs, and in the process, directs real investment toward better projects.Entrepreneurs seeking venture capital finance form a (randomly ordered) queue, and the VC sequentially evaluates them. For each entrepreneur, upon paying a cost C the VC receives a signal s ∈{G, B} withPr{s = G | entrepreneur is bad} = Pr{s = B | entrepreneur is good} =ε(3) The unconditional probability of a good signal is θ(1 − ε) + (1 − θ)ε, so VCs expect to evaluate 1/(θ(1 − ε) + (1 − θ)ε) entrepreneurs before a goo d one is found. The financial contract must be sufficiently generous (ex ante) as to compensate the VC for both capital contribution K and expected evaluation costs C= C/(θ(1 − ε) + (1 − θ)ε) incurred in the process of obtaining each good signal.This game admits three types of Bayesian Nash equilibrium. In separating equilibrium, good entrepreneurs offer a security which bad entrepreneurs find too unpleasant to mimic (choosing instead to receive reservation utility V). Adverse selection in the queue becomes degenerate since only good firms are active. VC equilibrium serve as a second solution. In this scenario, the entrepreneurs’ contracts induce the investor to evaluate all firms in the queue. Finally, pooling can be thought of as the case in which good entrepreneurs find both of the aforementioned solutions to adverse selection too expensive.In this paper, I limit attention to debt and equity. Earlier drafts consideredarbitrary securities, with similar resulting intuition: high-powered securities promote due diligence, whereas low-powered securities are more effective signaling devices. The restriction to standard securities simplifies the presentation, retains the crucial intuition, and facilitates comparison of my results with those of the existing literature.This paper argues that in entrepreneurial finance markets, direct revelation of project quality (via the due diligence of VCs) is more cost-effective than signaling quality. This theme ties into an empirical literature showing that the due diligence process in those markets is quite extensive. Indeed, due diligence is a defining feature of the VC market.Several features of the model are quite strong and give the appearance that the mechanisms considered for resolving adverse selection are perfect substitutes. In a richer model, the two mechanisms could work as partial complements as well. Generally, a role exists for both entrepreneurial signaling and VC due diligence. Earlier drafts of the paper show complement may be motivated in multiple ways. For example, suppose entrepreneurs have noisy private information. Then the optimal security may involve signaling, thus eliminating entrepreneurs with bad information. But to the extent that the pool has residual uncertainty even after this self-selection, costly due diligence may still add value.Information acquisition occurs outside venture capital markets, of course. This model may shed light on the usage of unit IPOs, which are bundles of stocks and warrants often used for particularly small, risky offerings. The inclusion of warrants is puzzling from an adverse selection perspective, since the existing literature argues that securities should emphasize payoffs in bad states. The logic of this paper suggests that these securities, which emphasize good states to an extreme, motivate investors to evaluate projects and might be used when other mechanisms of dealing with adverse selection are too expensive.Finally, the model’s conclusions are not tied to the assumption that good entrepreneurs choose the contract. A connection between information acquisition incentives and the shape of the security exists independently of the contract’s origins. One could equivalently model a general partner in a venture capital fund raisingmoney from limited partners, announcing what securities the fund intends to hold. The more equity-like the securities are, the stronger the general partner’s information acquisition incentives.Source: Chris Yung. Entrepreneurial Financing And Costly Due Diligence. The Financial Review, 2009(44),pp137-149.译文：创业融资由于缺乏融资的信用记录以及所经营公司存在的风险性，初创企业的融资通常情况下都需要很高的逆向选择成本。
创业中英文文献
创业中英文文献Entrepreneurship in Chinese and English LiteratureIntroduction:Entrepreneurship has become a topic of great interest and research in both Chinese and English literature. This article aims to explore the various aspects of entrepreneurship as portrayed in the literature of both languages. It examines the common themes, challenges, and motivations that drive individuals to embark on the entrepreneurial journey. Additionally, it highlights the differences in cultural perspectives and approaches to entrepreneurship in Chinese and English literature.1. Historical Perspective:In Chinese literature, entrepreneurship has been depicted as an essential part of societal development and economic progress. Prominent works such as "Dream of the Red Chamber" by Cao Xueqin and "Journey to the West" by Wu Cheng'en emphasize the entrepreneurial spirit of the characters and their efforts to achieve success through various means.In contrast, English literature often portrays entrepreneurship from a more individualistic perspective. The works of Charles Dickens, such as "Great Expectations" and "Oliver Twist," explore themes of social mobility and the hardships faced by individuals striving to create a better life for themselves.2. Motivations for Entrepreneurship:In both Chinese and English literature, the motivations for entrepreneurship are multifaceted. Chinese literature often emphasizes the desire for personal wealth and societal recognition. Characters are driven by the pursuit of fortune and the ability to provide for their families, as depicted in "The Scholars" by Wu Jingzi.On the other hand, English literature tends to focus on the exploration of personal identity and the desire for autonomy. Characters like Jay Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby" and Elizabeth Bennet in Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice" exemplify the pursuit of personal fulfillment and independence through entrepreneurship.3. Gender and Entrepreneurship:The portrayal of gender roles and entrepreneurship differs significantly between Chinese and English literature. In traditional Chinese literature, women are often portrayed in subordinate roles, limited to managing household affairs rather than pursuing entrepreneurial endeavors. However, works like "The Three-Inch Golden Lotuses" by Feng Jicai challenge this notion by showcasing female characters who engage in entrepreneurial activities, challenging societal norms.In English literature, there has been a gradual shift towards more empowering portrayals of women in entrepreneurship. Novels like Virginia Woolf's "A Room of One's Own" and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's "Americanah" highlight the struggles and successes of women who break societal barriers to pursue their entrepreneurial dreams.4. Cultural Perspectives:Chinese and English literature reflect unique cultural perspectives on entrepreneurship. Chinese literature often highlights the collective nature of entrepreneurship, where family and societal obligations play a significant role in an individual's decisions. Works such as "Family" by Ba Jin depict the challenges faced by individuals torn between their personal aspirations and their responsibilities towards family and society.In contrast, English literature often emphasizes the individualistic nature of entrepreneurship, where personal ambition and self-reliance are prioritized. Novels like Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and James Joyce's "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" showcase characters who defy societal expectations and pursue their entrepreneurial ambitions with determination.Conclusion:Through an exploration of Chinese and English literature, it is evident that entrepreneurship is a universal theme that transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries. While the motivations and perspectives may differ, the entrepreneurial spirit remains a driving force in both Chinese and English literary works. By studying these perspectives, we can gain valuable insights into the complexities and nuances of entrepreneurship and its profound impact on individuals and societies.。
关于创业的英文顶刊
Entrepreneurship: The Path to Success in theModern EraIn the fast-paced and ever-evolving world of business, entrepreneurship has emerged as a key driver of economic growth and innovation. The rise of the digital age has made it easier for individuals with innovative ideas and a passion for success to turn their dreams into reality. This article explores the essence of entrepreneurship, highlighting the key factors that contribute to its success in the modern era.Firstly, entrepreneurship is defined as the process of starting and managing a new business, with the aim of achieving profit and growth. However, it goes beyond mere business acumen and involves a combination of risk-taking, creativity, and leadership skills. Successful entrepreneurs are able to identify gaps in the market, create unique solutions, and execute them effectively.One of the key factors that contribute to the success of entrepreneurship is the ability to adapt to change. The business world is constantly evolving, and entrepreneurs must be agile and responsive to stay ahead of thecompetition. They must be willing to embrace new technologies, trends, and market demands, and adapt their business model accordingly.Another crucial aspect is the importance of networking and collaboration. Entrepreneurs are often faced with numerous challenges and obstacles, and having a strong support system is crucial for their success. Building relationships with other entrepreneurs, industry experts, and investors can provide valuable insights, resources, and opportunities for growth.Moreover, entrepreneurship requires a strong sense of perseverance and resilience. Starting a new business is fraught with risks and uncertainties, and entrepreneurs must be prepared to face failures and setbacks. However, they must also have the perseverance to learn from these experiences, adapt their strategies, and keep moving forward.In the modern era, the role of technology in entrepreneurship cannot be overstated. The advent ofdigital tools and platforms has made it easier for entrepreneurs to reach out to customers, market theirproducts, and scale their businesses. However, it alsoposes new challenges, such as data security and privacy concerns. Therefore, entrepreneurs must stay updated with the latest technological trends and ensure that their businesses are equipped to handle them effectively.In conclusion, entrepreneurship is a dynamic and challenging field that requires a unique blend of skills, vision, and perseverance. By adapting to change, building strong networks, and leveraging technology, entrepreneurs can turn their dreams into a reality and contribute significantly to the growth and innovation of the modern economy.**创业：现代成功之路**在商业的快速发展和不断演变的世界中，创业已经成为经济增长和创新的主要驱动力。
大学里创业英文作文
大学里创业英文作文英文：Starting a business in college can be a great way to gain valuable experience and build a strong foundation for your future career. As a college student, you have access to a wide range of resources and support that can help you turn your ideas into a successful business.One of the biggest advantages of starting a business in college is the access to a network of like-minded individuals who are also interested in entrepreneurship. You can connect with other students who share your passion for business and work together to develop new ideas and strategies.Another benefit of starting a business in college is the access to mentorship and guidance from experienced professionals. Many universities offer entrepreneurship programs and incubators that provide resources and supportfor student entrepreneurs. These programs can help you develop your business plan, connect with investors, and learn from experienced entrepreneurs.In addition to these resources, starting a business in college can also provide valuable experience and skillsthat can be applied to future career opportunities. Entrepreneurship requires a wide range of skills, including marketing, finance, and leadership, and starting a business in college can help you develop these skills and gain practical experience.Overall, starting a business in college can be a great way to gain valuable experience, build a strong network, and develop important skills that can be applied to future career opportunities.中文：在大学里创业可以是获得宝贵经验和为未来职业打下坚实基础的好方法。
创业之路简介英文作文
创业之路简介英文作文英文：Starting a business is a challenging and rewarding experience. It requires a lot of hard work, dedication, and perseverance. There are many factors to consider when embarking on the entrepreneurial journey. In my experience, the most important factors are passion, market research, and a solid business plan.Passion is what drives entrepreneurs to start their own businesses. It's the fuel that keeps them going when things get tough. Without passion, it's easy to give up when faced with obstacles. For example, I started my own bakery because I have a passion for baking and creating delicious treats. This passion has kept me motivated even when faced with challenges like finding a suitable location and hiring staff.Market research is crucial to the success of anybusiness. It helps entrepreneurs understand their target market, competition, and industry trends. By conducting thorough market research, entrepreneurs can identify gapsin the market and develop products or services that meet the needs of their customers. For example, before starting my bakery, I researched the local market to see what types of baked goods were popular and what my competitors were offering. This helped me develop a unique menu that differentiated my bakery from others in the area.A solid business plan is essential for any startup. It outlines the goals, strategies, and financial projections of the business. A well-written business plan can also help entrepreneurs secure funding from investors or lenders. For example, when I started my bakery, I created a detailed business plan that included my goals, marketing strategies, and financial projections. This plan helped me secure a loan from a local bank, which I used to purchase equipment and lease a storefront.In conclusion, starting a business requires passion, market research, and a solid business plan. These factorsare essential for success in the entrepreneurial journey. With hard work and dedication, anyone can start asuccessful business and achieve their dreams.中文：创业是一个具有挑战性和有回报的经历。
大学创业英文作文带翻译
大学创业英文作文带翻译英文：When it comes to college entrepreneurship, I believe it is an incredibly valuable experience for students. Not only does it provide a platform for young people to exploretheir innovative ideas, but it also teaches them important skills that can be applied to any career path they chooseto pursue.One of the main benefits of college entrepreneurship is the opportunity to learn from failure. As the saying goes, "failure is the mother of success." In the world of entrepreneurship, failure is inevitable, but it is also a valuable learning experience. Through my own college entrepreneurship journey, I have had my fair share of failures. For example, when I started my first business selling handmade jewelry, I struggled to find customers and ultimately had to close down the business. However, I learned important lessons about marketing, customer service,and product development that have been invaluable in my subsequent ventures.In addition to learning from failure, college entrepreneurship also allows students to develop important skills such as leadership, teamwork, and problem-solving. These skills are not only essential for running a business, but they are also highly sought after by employers in any industry. For instance, when I was part of a student-run startup, I had the opportunity to lead a team of my peersin developing a new mobile app. Through this experience, I honed my leadership skills and learned how to effectively communicate and collaborate with others to achieve a common goal.Furthermore, college entrepreneurship provides students with a valuable network of mentors, advisors, and fellow entrepreneurs. This network can be instrumental in providing guidance, support, and opportunities for collaboration. For example, I was able to connect with a successful entrepreneur through a college entrepreneurship program, and they provided me with valuable advice andmentorship that helped me navigate the challenges of starting a business.In conclusion, college entrepreneurship is an incredibly valuable experience for students. It provides a platform for learning from failure, developing important skills, and building a valuable network. Through my own experiences, I have seen firsthand the benefits of college entrepreneurship and the impact it can have on a student's personal and professional growth.中文：谈到大学创业，我相信这对学生来说是一次非常宝贵的经历。
创业计划书的参考文献
创业计划书的参考文献1. Blank, S. G. (2007). Why most entrepreneurial businesses fail in three years or less: No business failures aren't generally a result of bad luck; they're because of bad business management.2. Bygrave, W. D., & Zacharakis, A. (2014). The portable MBA in entrepreneurship. John Wiley & Sons.3. Friedman, T. L. (2005). The world is flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.4. Gibb, A. (2002). In pursuit of a new 'enterprise' and 'entrepreneurship' paradigm for learning: Creative destruction, new values, new ways of doing things and new combinations of knowledge. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4(3), 233-269.5. Goffee, R., & Scase, R. (Eds.). (2009). The entrepreneurial personality: A social construction. Routledge.6. Gupta, V. K., & Saran, A. (2016). Entrepreneurship development: Issues and perspectives. Routledge.7. Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P., & Shepherd, D. A. (2008). Entrepreneurship. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.8. Maritz, A. (2013). Entrepreneurship and innovation: Readings and cases. Routledge.9. Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management review, 25(1), 217-226.10. Timmons, J. A., & Spinelli, S. (2007). New venture creation: Entrepreneurship for the21st century. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.这些参考文献涵盖了创业计划书撰写过程中所需的基本理论框架、经验案例以及市场趋势分析等方面。
毕业创业英文作文
毕业创业英文作文英文：Graduation is a crucial turning point in life, and many graduates face the decision of whether to start their own business or seek employment. As a recent graduate, I have considered both options and believe that entrepreneurshipis the path I want to pursue. 。
Starting a business allows me to be my own boss and create something that is uniquely mine. I have always been interested in the idea of creating a product or servicethat can benefit others and make a difference in the world. As an entrepreneur, I have the freedom to turn my ideasinto reality and make a positive impact on society. 。
Of course, starting a business is not without its challenges. It requires a lot of hard work, dedication, and risk-taking. However, I believe that the rewards of entrepreneurship far outweigh the risks. By building asuccessful business, I have the potential to create wealth, provide jobs for others, and leave a lasting legacy. 。
创业成功获得启示英文作文
创业成功获得启示英文作文Title: Insights from Successful Entrepreneurship。
Entrepreneurship is a journey filled with challenges, risks, and uncertainties. However, within this landscapelie invaluable lessons and insights that can shape not only the trajectory of one's business but also one's personal growth. Through the lens of successful entrepreneurship, several key revelations emerge, shedding light on the essential elements that pave the path to success.First and foremost, resilience stands out as a cornerstone of entrepreneurial success. The journey of entrepreneurship is rarely smooth sailing; setbacks, failures, and obstacles are inevitable. However, it is the ability to bounce back from these challenges, to persevere in the face of adversity, that sets successful entrepreneurs apart. Resilience is not merely about enduring difficulties but also about learning from them, adapting, and emerging stronger and more determined thanbefore.Another crucial insight is the importance of innovation and adaptability. In today's fast-paced and ever-changing business landscape, the ability to innovate and adapt is paramount. Successful entrepreneurs understand the need to stay ahead of the curve, to anticipate market shifts, and to continuously evolve their products, services, and strategies. Whether it's embracing new technologies, responding to changing consumer preferences, orcapitalizing on emerging trends, innovation andadaptability are essential drivers of sustained success.Furthermore, effective communication and collaboration are fundamental to entrepreneurial endeavors. Building a successful business requires more than just a great idea;it demands the ability to communicate that idea effectively and to collaborate with others to bring it to fruition. Whether it's pitching to investors, negotiating with suppliers, or leading a team, strong communication skills are essential. Moreover, fostering a culture of collaboration within the organization promotes creativity,synergy, and collective problem-solving, ultimately driving innovation and growth.Additionally, successful entrepreneurship underscores the significance of strategic thinking and risk management. While entrepreneurship inherently involves taking risks, successful entrepreneurs approach risk in a calculated and strategic manner. They conduct thorough market research, analyze potential opportunities and threats, and develop contingency plans to mitigate risks. Moreover, they understand the importance of balancing ambition with prudence, knowing when to take calculated risks and when to exercise caution.Moreover, maintaining a customer-centric approach is paramount for sustained success. Understanding and meeting the needs, preferences, and expectations of customers lie at the heart of any successful business. Successful entrepreneurs prioritize building strong relationships with their customers, seeking feedback, and continuouslyrefining their products and services to better serve their target market. By placing the customer at the center oftheir business strategy, entrepreneurs can foster loyalty, drive customer satisfaction, and ultimately achieve long-term success.Lastly, successful entrepreneurship is underpinned by a growth mindset and a commitment to lifelong learning. The entrepreneurial journey is a continuous process of growth, evolution, and self-improvement. Successful entrepreneurs embrace challenges as opportunities for learning and development, seeking out new knowledge, skills, and perspectives to enhance their capabilities. By remaining curious, adaptable, and open-minded, entrepreneurs can navigate the complexities of the business world and stay ahead of the curve.In conclusion, the journey of successful entrepreneurship offers invaluable insights that extend far beyond the realm of business. From resilience and innovation to communication and strategic thinking, the lessons learned from successful entrepreneurs can inspire and empower individuals to achieve their goals, overcome challenges, and make a positive impact on the world. Byembracing these insights and applying them with dedication and determination, aspiring entrepreneurs can chart their own path to success.。
英文作文创业创新
英文作文创业创新英文：Entrepreneurship and innovation are two key components of any successful business. As an entrepreneur myself, I understand the importance of both.In terms of entrepreneurship, it takes a certain level of risk-taking and perseverance to start your own business. You need to have a clear vision and be willing to put in the hard work to make it a reality. One example of successful entrepreneurship is Elon Musk, who founded PayPal, SpaceX, and Tesla. He had a vision for each of these companies and was willing to take risks to make them a reality.Innovation is also crucial for a business to thrive. It involves thinking outside the box and coming up with new and creative solutions to problems. For example, Apple's innovation in creating the iPhone revolutionized the mobilephone industry and changed the way we communicate.Combining entrepreneurship and innovation can lead to great success. One example is Airbnb, which disrupted the hotel industry by offering a new and innovative way for people to find affordable accommodations while traveling. The founders of Airbnb had a vision for their company and were willing to take risks to make it a reality.In my own experience as an entrepreneur, I have had to be innovative in finding new ways to market my products and services. By thinking outside the box and trying new things, I have been able to grow my business and reach new customers.Overall, entrepreneurship and innovation are essential for any business to succeed. By having a clear vision,taking risks, and being willing to think creatively, entrepreneurs can create innovative solutions that disrupt industries and lead to great success.中文：创业和创新是任何成功企业的两个关键组成部分。
创业措施英文作文
创业措施英文作文1. To start a business, the first step is to identify a problem or a need in the market. This could be anything from a lack of affordable housing to a need for eco-friendly products. Once you have identified the problem, you can begin to brainstorm potential solutions.2. After brainstorming, it's important to conduct market research to determine if there is a demand for your product or service. This can involve conducting surveys, analyzing competitors, and studying consumer behavior. By understanding the market, you can better position your business to meet the needs of customers.3. Once you have validated your business idea, it's time to create a business plan. This plan will outline your goals, target market, marketing strategies, and financial projections. It's important to have a clear roadmap to guide your business and attract potential investors or partners.4. With a solid business plan in place, it's time to secure funding. This can be done through traditional methods such as bank loans or by seeking out investors or venture capitalists. It's important to have a strong pitch and be able to clearly articulate the value proposition of your business.5. As you start to build your business, it's important to focus on building a strong team. Surround yourself with individuals who are passionate about your vision and bring complementary skills to the table. A strong team is crucial for the success of any business.6. In addition to building a team, it's important to establish a strong network of mentors and advisors. These individuals can provide guidance, support, and valuable connections. Networking events, industry conferences, and online communities can be great places to meet potential mentors and advisors.7. As your business grows, it's important tocontinuously innovate and adapt to changing market conditions. This could involve launching new products or services, expanding into new markets, or adopting new technologies. Staying ahead of the curve is crucial for long-term success.8. Lastly, it's important to prioritize customer satisfaction and build strong relationships with your customers. This can be done through excellent customer service, personalized experiences, and ongoing communication. Happy customers are more likely to become repeat customers and refer your business to others.In conclusion, starting a business requires identifying a problem, conducting market research, creating a business plan, securing funding, building a strong team,establishing a network of mentors, continuously innovating, and prioritizing customer satisfaction. By following these steps, you can increase your chances of success in the competitive business world.。
关于大学生创业的论文---英文（5篇）
关于大学生创业的论文---英文（5篇）第一篇：关于大学生创业的论文---英文The Analysis of College Students’ Undertaking EnterpriseAbstract：College students start an undertaking is a kind of new approach and new form to obtain employment.But the low rate of success is the chief problem which puzzled we college students.Here is the analysis about undertaking acitivities, include the weakness analysis and threat analysis.Aim at those situations, I propose some measures to improve those conditions.At last, give some advices to college students who want to start their enterprises.Key words：colloge student;start an undertaking;weakness;opportunity In recent years,the competition has become more and more fierce in Human Resources Market ,and employment has become the most troubled problem because of the “Enlarge Action ” among many colleges and universities.Confronted with such pressure ,some college students turned to continuing their study ,and some of others attend the Civil Service Exam.But the recruitment quantity of postgraduate and civil servant is limited.In addition, many undergraduates found that they have not more superiority than others who were lower academicians.This situation is likely to continue for a period of time and will not change in a short term.Therefore, more and more students are inclined to do poineering work independently and take it as an important way of obtaining employment.However,it is very dangerous to do pioneering work without intellectual analysis.The Weakness Many related investigations show that the success rate is very low.It is far below the average level of society.It is also shows that,college studentshave many disadvantages compareed with general entrepreneurs.First of all, the lack of psychological preparation lead to this phenomen that many students blindly followed the upsurge.Many choices of entrepreneurship are not based on the good self-localization,but repeated others among the pionnering work upsurge.Finally,they became depressed and frustrated when confronted with a heap of difficulties,and then they gave up.Secondly, all young college students are followed “from school to school” development path,they are ingenuous and lack of social experience.But the competitors that they faced were not the people of the same age, on the contrary, they are veterans in commerce.So, undergraduates are more likely to be deceived and defeated in the relentless competition.For another, the lack of the spirit of bearing hardships and the awareness of work hard and perseveringly had became their disadvantages.At present , the majority of college students are only one child in their family.The good family environment and the spoiled from their parents made most students were empty of rough experience.However, in poineering process, many successful people have experienced the “ eat steamed bread, drink cold water” difficulties before they success.So it is difficult to attain success without work hard and perseveringly.The Threat There are many threats among external conditions.One is the competition from the ordinary entrepreneurs.There are two kings ordinary entrepreneurs: one is the lower groups for a living need,such as laid-off workers, unemployed.Another is that entrepreneurs has already in the workplace after a few years, and accumulated much experience of entrepreneurs, so they had strong competitiveness than students.The second is the pressure from the family.According to the survey.Among the collegestudents who hold the idea of entrepreneurial, more than half of them were opposed by their families, lack of experience was the main reasion that considered by their families.Most parents wanted their child could found a stable job, got stable salary after graduation, and they disagreed with their children's choice of start an undertaking and assume corresponding risk.The third element is the consequences of failure.Many students gave up this idea because they did not know what to do after them failure.Although they could choose to start all over again, when comparing with their classmates, they not only lost years salary, but also had to adapt to the new industry and new job.So many students step back due to the fearing of failure results.The Measures The government should further improve policies, reduce the college students' anxieties in undertaking , and provide a better external environment for students.Take measures to improve the system of capital protection as far as possible.At the same time, the government should widen the business propaganda, enhance students' pioneering consciousness.The school invited the success to guide the college students start an undertaking, and the enterprise offer excellent students the opportunity to study in enterprises.It is also important to establish a bidirectional credit platform in order to widen the financing channel.The school can be specifically offer business counseling targeted for students who had the entrepreneurial intention , in order to help them establish poineering project, seize market opportunities, and provide all kinds of counselling and convenience untill they eventually incorporated the company.Consequently, to improve the success rate of college students' entrepreneurship, create entrepreneurial opportunities by the government and the society is veryimportant,but strengthen the students' intelligence and ability is the chief.第二篇：关于大学生创业的论文---英文The Analysis of College Students’ Undertaking EnterpriseAbstract：College students start an undertaking is a kind of new approach and new form to obtain employment.But the low rate of success is the chief problem which puzzled we college students.Here is the analysis about undertaking acitivities, include the weakness analysis and threat analysis.Aim at those situations, I propose some measures to improve those conditions.At last, give some advices to college students who want to start their enterprises.Key words：colloge student;start an undertaking;weakness;opportunity In recent years,the competition has become more and more fierce in Human Resources Market ,and employment has become the most troubled problem because of the “Enlarge Action ” among many colleges and universities.Confronted with such pressure ,some college students turned to continuing their study ,and some of others attend the Civil Service Exam.But the recruitment quantity of postgraduate and civil servant is limited.In addition, many undergraduates found that they have not more superiority than others who were lower academicians.This situation is likely to continue for a period of time and will not change in a short term.Therefore, more and more students are inclined to do poineering work independently and take it as an important way of obtaining employment.However,it is very dangerous to do pioneering work without intellectual analysis.The Weakness Many related investigations show that the success rate is very low.It is far below the average level of society.It is also shows that,college studentshave many disadvantages compareed with general entrepreneurs.First of all, the lack of psychological preparation lead to this phenomen that many students blindly followed the upsurge.Many choices of entrepreneurship are not based on the good self-localization,but repeated others among the pionnering work upsurge.Finally,they became depressed and frustrated when confronted with a heap of difficulties,and then they gave up.Secondly, all young college students are followed “from school to school” development path,they are inge nuous and lack of social experience.But the competitors that they faced were not the people of the same age, on the contrary, they are veterans in commerce.So, undergraduates are more likely to be deceived and defeated in the relentless competition.For another, the lack of the spirit of bearing hardships and the awareness of work hard and perseveringly had became their disadvantages.At present , the majority of college students are only one child in their family.The good family environment and the spoiled from their parents made most students were empty of rough experience.However, in poineering process, many successful people have experienced the “ eat steamed bread, drink cold water” difficulties before they success.So it is difficult to attain success without work hard and perseveringly.The Threat There are many threats among external conditions.One is the competition from the ordinary entrepreneurs.There are two kings ordinary entrepreneurs: one is the lower groups for a living need,such as laid-off workers, unemployed.Another is that entrepreneurs has already in the workplace after a few years, and accumulated much experience of entrepreneurs, so they had strong competitiveness than students.The second is the pressure from the family.According to the survey.Among the collegestudents who hold the idea of entrepreneurial, more than half of them were opposed by their families, lack of experience was the main reasion that considered by their families.Most parents wanted their child could found a stable job, got stable salary after graduation, and they disagreed with their children's choice of start an undertaking and assume corresponding risk.The third element is the consequences of failure.Many students gave up this idea because they did not know what to do after them failure.Although they could choose to start all over again, when comparing with their classmates, they not only lost years salary, but also had to adapt to the new industry and new job.So many students step back due to the fearing of failure results.The Measures The government should further improve policies, reduce the college students' anxieties in undertaking , and provide a better external environment for students.Take measures to improve the system of capital protection as far as possible.At the same time, the government should widen the business propaganda, enhance students' pioneering consciousness.The school invited the success to guide the college students start an undertaking, and the enterprise offer excellent students the opportunity to study in enterprises.It is also important to establish a bidirectional credit platform in order to widen the financing channel.The school can be specifically offer business counseling targeted for students who had the entrepreneurial intention , in order to help them establish poineering project, seize market opportunities, and provide all kinds of counselling and convenience untill they eventually incorporated the company.Consequently, to improve the success rate of college students' entrepreneurship, create entrepreneurial opportunities by the government and the society is veryimportant,but strengthen the students' intelligence and ability is the chief.大学生创业企业的分析摘要：大学生创业是一种新的方法和新的就业形式。
创业内容 作文 英文
创业内容作文英文英文：Starting a business is a challenging yet exciting journey. As an entrepreneur, you have the opportunity to turn your ideas into reality and create something that can make a difference in the world. However, it takes more than just a good idea to succeed in the business world.One of the most important things to consider when starting a business is the market demand. You need to make sure that there is a need for your product or service and that people are willing to pay for it. Conducting market research and analyzing the competition can help you determine if there is a viable market for your business.Another key factor in starting a business is having a solid business plan. This includes defining your target market, setting goals and objectives, creating a marketing strategy, and outlining your financial projections. A well-crafted business plan can help you secure funding and guide you through the early stages of your business.In addition to market demand and a solid business plan, perseverance and resilience are essential qualities for any entrepreneur. Starting a business can be a rollercoasterride with many ups and downs. It’s important to stay focused on your goals and be willing to adapt and pivot when necessary.Overall, starting a business requires a combination of creativity, strategy, and determination. It’s a journeythat can be both challenging and rewarding, but with the right mindset and approach, you can turn your dreams into a successful reality.中文：创业是一条具有挑战性但也充满激动的旅程。
有关娃哈哈创业史英语作文
有关娃哈哈创业史英语作文（中英文实用版）Title: The Entrepreneurial Journey of WahahaWahaha, a renowned Chinese beverage company, embarked on an extraordinary entrepreneurial journey that has made it a household name.Established in 1987 by Zong Qinghou, the company has weathered through numerous challenges to become a leading player in the industry.标题：娃哈哈的创业历程娃哈哈，这家知名的中国饮料企业，走过了非凡的创业历程，使其成为了家喻户晓的品牌。
1987年，由宗庆后创立，该公司历经无数挑战，成为了行业的领军企业。
From its humble beginnings in a rundown plant in Hangzhou, Wahaha has grown exponentially, expanding its product range from children"s health drinks to a diverse portfolio of beverages.The company"s resilience and innovative spirit have been instrumental in propelling it to success.从杭州一处破旧的厂房起步，娃哈哈实现了跨越式发展，产品线从儿童健康饮料拓展到多元化的饮料组合。
该公司的韧性和创新精神是其成功的关键因素。
Zong Qinghou"s entrepreneurial philosophy emphasizes the importance of quality and customer satisfaction.Under his leadership, Wahaha has implemented stringent quality control measures and invested heavily in research and development, ensuring that its productsmeet the highest standards.宗庆后的创业理念强调质量和客户满意度的重要性。
创业实例英文作文
创业实例英文作文英文，When it comes to entrepreneurship, I can't help but think of my own experience. I started my own business a few years ago, and it has been an incredible journey filled with both challenges and successes.I remember the initial stages of my business, where I had to wear multiple hats and juggle different responsibilities. I had to be the marketer, the accountant, the salesperson, and the customer service representativeall at once. It was overwhelming at times, but it taught me the importance of being versatile and adaptable in the business world.One of the biggest challenges I faced was securing funding for my business. I had to pitch my ideas to potential investors and convince them of the potential success of my venture. It was a daunting task, but I learned the art of persuasion and negotiation through this experience.As my business grew, I also had to learn how to manage a team effectively. I had to hire the right people, delegate tasks, and foster a positive work environment. Building a strong team was crucial to the success of my business, and it taught me the value of collaboration and teamwork.Despite the challenges, there were also many rewarding moments in my entrepreneurial journey. Seeing my business grow and thrive brought me a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment. I was able to create something from scratch and make a positive impact in the industry.Overall, entrepreneurship has been a rollercoaster ride for me. It has taught me resilience, perseverance, and the importance of taking calculated risks. I've learned that success in entrepreneurship doesn't come easy, but with determination and hard work, it is definitely achievable.中文，说到创业，我就忍不住想起了自己的经历。
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48.方晓义：《中国大学生适应量表的编制》，《心理与和行为研究》2005年第3期。
49.房欲飞：《大学生创业教育的内涵及实施的意义》，《理工高教研究》2004年第4期。
50.费菲：《广州普通高校大学生对创业教育的需求分析》，华南师范大学硕士学位论文（2007年）。
51.冯廷勇，李红：《当代大学生学士适应的初步研究》，《心理学探新》2002年第22期。
52.广东青年干部学院大学生创业研究课题组：《大学生创业能力研究报告》，《广东青年干部学院学报》2006年第1期。
53.郭本禹,姜飞月：《职业自我效能及其理论》，《东北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2003年第3期。
54.龚志周：《创业自我效能感的内涵及研究进展》，《生产力研究》2008年第4期。
55.高申春：《自我效能理论评述》,《心理发展与教育》2000年第1期。
56.高申春：《论自我效能感的主体作用机制》《外国教育研究》1998年第6期。
57.韩力争, 傅宏：《大学生创业自我效能感量表的构建》，《南京师范大学报(社会科学版)》2009 年第1期。
58.韩力争：《创业自我效能感的理论界定》，《南京财经大学报》2006 年第6期。
59.韩力争, 傅宏：《大学生创业自我效能感现状分析与培养途径》《南京财经大学报》, 2009 年第4期。
60.韩力争：《大学生创业心理素质调查与思考》，《南京财经大学学报》2004年第6期。
61.韩力争：《大学生创业动机水平调查与思考》，《江苏高教》2005年第2期。
62.何斌、王重鸣：《创业策略、创业认知与绩效关系研究》，浙江大学硕士学位论文（2004年）。
63.贺丹：《大学生创业倾向的影响分析》，浙江大学硕士学位论文（2006年）。
64.胡锦涛：《高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗——在中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会上的报告》，《人民日报》，2007年10月25日。
65.黄旭东：《大学生创业教育架构初步设计》，《福建商业高等专科学校学报》2006年第2期。
66.黄勇：《大学生创业教育探析》，《安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2005年第3期。
67.姜红玲、王重鸣、倪宁等：《基于因子分析的创业特质探索研究》，《心理科学》2006年第4期。
68.姜军，蒋士杰，陈德棉：《不同视角下的创业者素质研究：文献综述》，《现代管理科学》2005年第6期。
69.蒋乃平：《创业能力包含的三种能力》，《职业指导》1999年第3期。
70.江泽民：《在全国第三次教育工作会议上的讲话》，《中国教育报》1999年第1期。
71.康荔：《大学生创业人格比较研究——以厦门地区为例》，厦门大学硕士学位论文（2006年）。
72.孔波：《创业心理品质的特征探析》，《科技创业月刊》2008年第5期。
73.李彩娜，张曼，冯建新：《家庭功能与社会适应:个人自主的中介作用》，《心理发展与教育》2010年第7期。
74.李慧：《公众对创新型企业家人格特征的认知》，《人才资源开发》2007年第10期。
75.林嵩，姜彦福，张帏：《创业机会识别:概念、过程、影响因素和分析架构》，《科学学与科学技术管理》2005年第6期。
76.林嵩：《创业机会识别研究——基于过程的观点》，《中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2007年第5期。
77.刘东菊：《创业教育与大学生就业》，《东北大学学报(社会科学版)》2006年第4期。
78.刘凤红：《上海创业者素质及其开发》，华东师范大学硕士毕业论文（2004年）。
79.刘建花：《大学生创业的心理障碍及对策分析》，《教育管理》2009年第5期。
80.刘旭：《论大学生创业心理品质的培养》，《湖南经济学院薛宝（人文社会科学版）》2008年，第4期。
81.刘万伦：《小学学生学校适应性的发展特点调查》，《中国心理卫生杂志》2004年第29期。
82.刘湘琴、章仁俊：《创业及创业风险研究视角述评》，《商场现代化》2008年第31卷。
83.刘骅：《民营高科技企业创业风险研究》，武汉理工大学硕士学位论文（2006年）。
84.卢谢峰：《大学生适应性量表的编制与标准化》，湖南师范大学硕士学业论文（2003年）。
85.罗广元：《培养自由人格加强创业教育》，《职教论坛》2005年第14期。
86.马昆妹：《文化影响下的创业认知决策研究》，西南交通图大学博士学位论文（2009年）。
87.马林，王爱文，闵庆祝：《浅议校园文化建设在大学生创业教育中的作用》，《辽宁教育行政学院学报》2008年第4期。
88.马湘桃：《师范院校大学生创业教育问题探讨》，《广西青年干部学院学报》2003年第4期。
89.门萍：《创业决策过程研究综述》，《今日财富》2009年第7期。
90.苗青：《创业决策形成的微观机制：因果模型检验》，《科学学研究》2009年第3期。
91.木志荣：《创业困境及胜任力研究--基于大学生创业群体的考察》，《厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008年第1期。
92.彭钢，蔡守龙：《创业教育与素质教育》，《江苏教育研究》1992年第1期。
93.蒲建萍：《创新高校就业指导模式的思考》，《思想政治教育研究》2005年第4期。
94.钱永红：《创业意向影响因素研究》，《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2007年第4期。
95.钱永红：《女性创业意向与创业行为及其影响因素研究》，浙江大学博士学位论文（2007年）。
96.曲殿彬：《高等学校创业教育体系的构建与实施策略》东北师范大学硕士论文（2007年）。
97.饶世权：《塑造创业人格为创业撑起一片天空》，《中国青年研究》2004年第6期。
98.饶世权：《论创业人格教育的价值》，《中国发展》2004年第3期。