学位英语语法讲解1句法分析

一、句法分析

1、主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般

在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！

v 1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist.名词作主语

v 2) He reads newspapers everyday.代词作主语

v 3) Two and ten is twelve.数词作主语

v 4) Smoking is harmful to the health.动名词作主语

v 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.动词不定式作主语v 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.从句作主语

2、谓语: 说明主语的动作，状态或特征

v 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September.

v 2) His father is an engineer.

v 3) She seemed happy.

v 4) Li Hua showed me his album.

3、宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物

v 1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.

v 2) The medicine is good for a cold.

v 3) How many pieces do you want?

v 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions.

v 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?

v 6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight

4、宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征。

v 1) The government appointed（任命）her chief delegate （首席

代表）to

the conference.

v 2) I don’t believe the stor y true.

v 3) You should put your things in order（有序）.

v 4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.

v 5) We saw the pupils playing basketball.

5、表语：位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。

v 1)Wang’s father is a doctor.

v 2) He is always careless.

v 3) The basketball match is on.

v 4) All the pupils are on the playground now.

v 5) Our aim is to win more medals.

v 6) His work is teaching French.

v 7) The question is who can really repair the machines.

还有位于以下系动词后面的词，我们也称之为表语：

表示感官的：look\seem(看起来) 、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、feel（感觉起来）：

He looks disappointed(形容词作表语)他看起来很失望。

The rubbish smells terrible.垃圾很难闻。

表示变化的：get、become、turn(变得)。It becomes hotter and hotter

（形容词作表语）.

天变得越来越热了。

6、定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，翻译常

用‘……的’表示。

v Tom is a handsome boy. The two boys are students.

v His boy needs Tom's pen. The boy in the classroom needs a

pen of yours.

v The boy needs a ball pen. The best boy here is Tom.

v There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen

bought by his mother.

v This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.

7、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条

件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

v 1) She sings quite well.

v 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.

v 3) He sits there, asking for a pen.

v 4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework.

v 5) If I have some spare time, I will read some story-books. 8、同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，

近乎于后置定语。如：

v We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是

指同一批‘学生’）