Auguries of Innocence
外国文学史(上)的诗歌
(田晓菲 译)
没有听她说一个字
坦白地说，我宁愿死去 当她离开，她久久地 哭泣；她对我说 “这次离别，一定得 忍受，萨福。我去，并非自愿” 我说：“去吧，快快活活的 但是要记住（你清楚地知道） 离开你的人戴着爱的镣铐 和所有那些紫罗兰色的头饰 围绕在你年轻的头上的 一串玫瑰花蕾、莳萝和番红花 芬芳的没药撒在你的 头上和柔软的垫子上，少女们 和她们喜爱的人们在一起 如果没有我们的声音 就没有合唱，如果 没有歌曲，就没有开花的树林。
萨福诗 残诗三十一首(frg. 31)《给所爱》
• • • • • • • • • • • • 在我看来，他的享受好似天神 无论他是何人，坐在 你的对面，听你娓娓而谈 你言语温柔，笑声甜蜜 啊那是让我的心飘摇不定 当我看到你，哪怕只有 一刹那，我已经 不能言语 舌头断裂，血管里奔流着 细小的火焰 黑暗蒙住了我的双眼， 耳鼓狂敲 SAPPHO AND PHAON 冷汗涔涔而下 我颤栗，脸色比春草惨绿 我虽生犹死，至少在我看来—— 死亡正在步步紧逼 但我必须忍受 因为□ □ □ 既然贫无所有□ □ □
一百一十六首
我不承认两颗真心相恋 会遭遇阻挠：爱不算是爱， 如果发现情形改变就跟着改 变， 或看到对方变心就打算走开。 啊，不！爱是永远坚定的明 灯， 面对着风暴而永不摇荡； 爱是指引飘流船只的明星， 其高度可测，其奥秘不可衡 量。 爱不是“时间”的玩物，虽 然朱唇粉颊 逃不脱他弯弯镰刀的割芟 ； 爱不跟随流转的韶光而起变 化， 爱抵抗“时间”到世界末日 的尽端。 假如这话不对，而且引我 为证， 我算是没写过诗，没人有 过爱情。 梁实秋译
山部赤人《望不尽山歌一首并短歌》 (约724－736，不尽山即富士山)
天地初分时， 富士骏岭悬。 圣洁神瑞气， 高临骏河湾。 仰望灵峰立广宇； 骄阳为其隐光影， 皓月清辉敛玉颜， 白云不行伫峰顶， 瑞雪不时飘九天。 后世永称颂， 崇高富士山。 反歌
一树一菩提,一沙一世界
一树一菩提,一沙一世界出自英国诗人布莱克的这首《天真的预言》翻译过来，就是大家很熟悉的诗句：一沙一世界，一花一天堂。
双手握无限，刹那是永恒。
一沙一世界，一花一天堂，一树一菩提，一叶一如来。
天真的预言，参悟千年的偈语。
意思是生活的一切原本都是由细节构成的,如果一切归于有序,决定成败的必将是微若沙砾的细节心是莲花开一花一天堂一草一世界一树一菩提一土一如来一方一净土一笑一尘缘一念一清净心是莲花开被世人熟知的有这样一句：“一花一世界/一叶一菩提”。
这说的大概是：从一朵花里就可以看出整个世界，用一片叶子就能代表整棵菩提。
佛学是门博大精深的学问，早在18世纪，英国伟大的浪漫主义诗人布莱克，也曾在一首名为《天真的暗示》的诗中这样写到：“一颗沙里看出一个世界/一朵野花里一座天堂。
”“一沙一世界/一花一天堂”是生命永恒存在亘古不老的原始哲学。
“把无限放在掌心/让永恒收藏刹那”是生命永恒存在亘古不老的原始见证。
“一颗沙里看出一个世界/一朵野花一个天堂”是人类个人生命充分的自信与自由，凝结起来就是一个广袤且博大的物种之起源的理由了。
从一个卑微的个体生命中我们有可以清楚的看到这整个物种的生命力，这却正是“把无限放在你的手掌上/永恒把一刹那收藏”。
农说：“一花一世界”；佛曰：“一叶一菩提”出自英国诗人布莱克的这首《天真的预言》翻译过来，就是大家很熟悉的诗句：一沙一世界，一花一天堂。
双手握无限，刹那是永恒。
一沙一世界，一花一天堂，一树一菩提，一叶一如来。
天真的预言，参悟千年的偈语。
意思是生活的一切原本都是由细节构成的,如果一切归于有序,决定成败的必将是微若沙砾的细节Auguries of InnocencebyWilliam BlakeTo see a World in a Grain of SandAnd a Heaven in a Wild Flower,Hold Infinity in the palm of your handAnd Eternity in an hour.A Robin Red breast in a CagePuts all Heaven in a Rage.A dove house fill'd with doves & PigeonsShudders Hell thro' all its regions.A dog starv'd at his Master's GatePredicts the ruin of the State.A Horse misus'd upon the RoadCalls to Heaven for Human blood.Each outcry of the hunted HareA fibre from the Brain does tear.A Skylark wounded in the wing,A Cherubim does cease to sing.The Game Cock clipp'd and arm'd for fightDoes the Rising Sun affright.Every Wolf's & Lion's howlRaises from Hell a Human Soul.The wild deer, wand'ring here & there, Keeps the Human Soul from Care. The Lamb misus'd breeds public strife And yet forgives the Butcher's Knife. The Bat that flits at close of EveHas left the Brain that won't believe. The Owl that calls upon the Night Speaks the Unbeliever's fright.He who shall hurt the little Wren Shall never be belov'd by Men.He who the Ox to wrath has mov'd Shall never be by Woman lov'd.The wanton Boy that kills the Fly Shall feel the Spider's enmity.He who torments the Chafer's sprite Weaves a Bower in endless Night. The Caterpillar on the LeafRepeats to thee thy Mother's grief. Kill not the Moth nor Butterfly,For the Last Judgement draweth nigh. He who shall train the Horse to War Shall never pass the Polar Bar.The Beggar's Dog & Widow's Cat, Feed them & thou wilt grow fat.The Gnat that sings his Summer's song Poison gets from Slander's tongue. The poison of the Snake & NewtIs the sweat of Envy's Foot.The poison of the Honey BeeIs the Artist's Jealousy.The Prince's Robes & Beggars' Rags Are Toadstools on the Miser's Bags.A truth that's told with bad intentBeats all the Lies you can invent.It is right it should be so;Man was made for Joy & Woe;And when this we rightly knowThro' the World we safely go.Joy & Woe are woven fine,A Clothing for the Soul divine;Under every grief & pineRuns a joy with silken twine.The Babe is more than swaddling Bands; Throughout all these Human Lands Tools were made, & born were hands, Every Farmer Understands.Every Tear from Every EyeBecomes a Babe in Eternity.This is caught by Females brightAnd return'd to its own delight.The Bleat, the Bark, Bellow & Roar Are Waves that Beat on Heaven's Shore. The Babe that weeps the Rod beneath Writes Revenge in realms of death.The Beggar's Rags, fluttering in Air, Does to Rags the Heavens tear.The Soldier arm'd with Sword & Gun, Palsied strikes the Summer's Sun.The poor Man's Farthing is worth more Than all the Gold on Afric's Shore. One Mite wrung from the Labrer's hands Shall buy & sell the Miser's lands:Or, if protected from on high,Does that whole Nation sell & buy.He who mocks the Infant's FaithShall be mock'd in Age & Death.He who shall teach the Child to Doubt The rotting Grave shall ne'er get out.He who respects the Infant's faith Triumph's over Hell & Death.The Child's Toys & the Old Man's Reasons Are the Fruits of the Two seasons.The Questioner, who sits so sly,Shall never know how to Reply.He who replies to words of DoubtDoth put the Light of Knowledge out. The Strongest Poison ever knownCame from Caesar's Laurel Crown. Nought can deform the Human RaceLike the Armour's iron brace.When Gold & Gems adorn the PlowTo peaceful Arts shall Envy Bow.A Riddle or the Cricket's CryIs to Doubt a fit Reply.The Emmet's Inch & Eagle's MileMake Lame Philosophy to smile.He who Doubts from what he seesWill ne'er believe, do what you Please.If the Sun & Moon should doubtThey'd immediately Go out.To be in a Passion you Good may do,But no Good if a Passion is in you.The Whore & Gambler, by the State Licenc'd, build that Nation's Fate.The Harlot's cry from Street to Street Shall weave Old England's winding Sheet. The Winner's Shout, the Loser's Curse, Dance before dead England's Hearse. Every Night & every MornSome to Misery are Born.Every Morn & every NightSome are Born to sweet Delight.Some are Born to sweet Delight,Some are born to Endless Night.We are led to Believe a LieWhen we see not Thro' the EyeWhich was Born in a Night to Perish in a Night When the Soul Slept in Beams of Light.God Appears & God is LightTo those poor Souls who dwell in the Night, But does a Human Form DisplayTo those who Dwell in Realms of day.前四句非常有名,有多种译法:一颗沙里看出一个世界，一朵野花里一座天堂，把无限放在你的手掌上，永恒在一刹那里收藏。
诗歌翻译及赏析解析
And fare thee awhile!
我和你小别片刻。
And I will come again, my Luve, 我要回来的，亲爱的，
Tho’it were ten thousand mile.
即使是万里相隔。
[分析] 罗伯特·彭斯自幼受民歌熏陶，他的诗富有乡 土气息和民歌风味，语言通俗，音乐性强，读来流 畅自然，朗朗上口。译诗所选的首尾两节是直译过 来的，句法未变，字面意义也未作任何变更，正是 奉行了“译者依也”的原则。而不变是相对的，第 一句根据 sprung 表现的情态增加了“迎风”；第 三句给 melodie 加上了“甜甜的”修饰。这些“异” 都是译者的“艺”，增添了原诗深层意蕴所有而表 层意蕴所无的内容，因而更深层次地传达了原诗的 意境，达到了“怡”的效果。
人得到乐趣。一首诗艺术上的优劣，在一定程度 上取决于启示义的有无，一首译诗的优劣，也在 很大程度上取决于启示义译得如何。
11.5.6 译者易也（Rendition） • 翻译是换易语言形式，无论如何使用和选择上述
的五论，易是总论。
• 我们来看拜伦“这一天我满三十六岁”一诗第二节的翻译： 原文：
The days are in the yellow leaf,
Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi’ the sun: I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sands o’ life shall run.
海水尽枯竭, 岩石皆蚀摧, 此生一息存, 相爱永不隳. (周宜乃译)
卿若红玫瑰, 新绽在六月, 更若旋律曲, 嘹亮声和谐.
As fair art thou, my bonie lass, So deep in luve am I;
[ 人物 ] 诗人 · 画家 · 摇滚女神 ,鲍勃迪伦挚友 -- Patti Smith
![[ 人物 ] 诗人 · 画家 · 摇滚女神 ,鲍勃迪伦挚友 -- Patti Smith](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c3876f131ed9ad51f11df222.png)
[ 人物] 诗人· 画家· 摇滚女神，鲍勃迪伦挚友|| Patti Smith展开全文手拿烟斗的Patti Smith▂▂▂“这一切将通往何处？我们将会成为什么人？这是我们年轻的问题，年轻的答案也已揭晓。
一切通向彼此。
我们成为自己。
”——Patti Smith《只是孩子》我从来不会受制于自己的性别。
当我写诗和画画的时候，我不是女人，我是艺术家。
——Patti Smith在朋友家借书，从而详细了解了Patti Smith三个月前，第一次知道Patti Smith，是和一个朋友聊天。
虽然和他认识不久，但是他敏锐察觉到了我的性格，和我的身体与大脑长久包裹的情绪。
他说等他看完了这本书，就把书借给我，并告诉我：“独立女性，对你绝对有益！”坐在车里的Patti Smith坐在沙发床上的Patti SmithPatti Smith肖像Patti Smith在洛克菲勒广场▂▂▂帕蒂·史密斯|Patti Smith|美国作家、表演家、视觉艺术家。
她的创作天分首次展露于1970年代时，将诗作与摇滚乐所做的革命性结合。
她录制了十二张专辑，其中《马群》被《滚石》杂志尊为史上最伟大的百张专辑之一。
史密斯1973年在纽约高谭书店举办了自己的第一个画展。
她的著作包括：获得了2010年美国国家图书奖的《只是孩子》，以及《维特》（Witt）、《空想》（Babel）、《白日梦》（Woolgathering）、《珊瑚海》（The Coral Sea）、《纯真预言》（Auguries of Innocence）和《时光列车》（M Train）。
2005年，法国文化部颁发给史密斯艺术与文学司令勋位（Commander des Arts et des Lettres）,这是法国政府颁发给艺术家的最高荣誉。
2007年，她被列入摇滚名人堂。
▼PattiSmith 音乐现场《Patti Smith 1969-1976》———————————————————————————Patti Smith和男友Robert在切尔西旅店蜗居1967年夏天，帕蒂只身前往纽约，最初的动机是去布鲁克林普拉特艺术学院寻找朋友，想通过他们接触艺术。
显 微 镜 知 识
显微镜知识我们的眼睛能看到数百万光年外的星系，却不一定能看到眼前细小的物体。
在大尺度上观察物质的运动，毫无疑问能得到强烈的美感。
那么从极其微小的尺度上呢？威廉·布莱克在一首诗中写道：一花一世界，一沙一天堂，掌中握无限，霎那成永恒。
——《天真的预言》（Auguries of Innocence），1863如果除去其中的神秘主义和宗教意味，那么这首诗恰好与微观世界的某些特点不谋而合。
例如一朵花包含数以万计的细胞，而一粒沙确实是由无数的氧原子和硅原子组成的(SiO2)。
不过，即使把一朵花握于掌中，你也决不会肉眼分辨出其中的“世界”。
一个视力正常的人，只能看清大约25厘米之外的物体，如果继续靠近，晶状体就无法把物体的像正确的投影在视网膜上。
即使在25厘米的明视距离上，你也只拥有1分的分辨率。
或者说，在这个距离上，你恰好能把两条相距0.075毫米的线分开。
从生物学的角度可以解释这种现象。
当两条线的距离小于0.075毫米的时候，它们的像就会落在视网膜的同一个视觉感受器——视锥细胞或者视杆细胞——上面。
那么你就没法把它们分辨开来。
很早以前，人们就知道某些光学装置能够“放大”物体。
比如在《墨经》里面就记载了能放大物体的凹面镜。
至于凸透镜是什么时候发明的，可能已经无法考证。
凸透镜——有的时候人们把它称为“放大镜”——能够聚焦太阳光，也能让你看到放大后的物体，这是因为凸透镜能够把光线偏折。
你通过凸透镜看到的其实是一种幻觉，严格的说，叫做虚像。
当物体发出的光通过凸透镜的时候，光线会以特定的方式偏折。
当我们看到那些光线的时候，或不自觉地认为它们仍然是沿笔直的路线传播。
结果，物体就会看上去比原来大。
单个凸透镜能够把物体放大几十倍，这远远不足以让我们看清某些物体的细节。
公元13世纪，出现了为视力不济的人准备的眼镜——一种玻璃制造的透镜片。
随着笼罩欧洲一千年的黑暗消失，各种新的发明纷纷涌现出来，显微镜（microscope）就是其中的一个。
威廉·布莱克《从一颗沙子看世界》（Toseeaworldinagrainofsand）
威廉·布莱克《从一颗沙子看世界》（Toseeaworldinagrainofsand）威廉·布莱克（William Blake）是18世纪末、19世纪初的一个英国诗人，活着的时候没人知道，直到20世纪初才被挖掘出来。
他在国内最出名就是下面四行诗：To see a world in a grain of sandAnd a heaven in a wild flower,Hold infinity in the palm of your handAnd eternity in an hour.这四行诗的中译，我估计至少有二三十种。
下面选贴几种。
一沙见世界,一花窥天堂.手心握无限,须臾纳永恒.----译者不详在一颗沙粒中见一个世界，在一朵鲜花中见一片天空，在你的掌心里把握无限，在一个钟点里把握无穷。
----《布莱克诗集》上海三联，张炽恒译从一粒沙看世界，从一朵花看天堂，把永恒纳进一个时辰，把无限握在自己手心。
----王佐良一花一世界，一沙一天国，君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫。
----宗白华一颗沙里看出一个世界一朵野花里一座天堂把无限放在你的手掌上永恒在一刹那里收藏----《世界上最美丽的英文----人生短篇》但是，这几行诗在欧美并不是那么有名，讲起布莱克的时候，也不把这看作他的代表作。
似乎只有中国人才特别迷恋这几句话，我猜想也许因为这首诗跟佛教思想有相通之处有关系。
这四行诗选自一首长达132行、名为《天真的预兆》（Auguries of Innocence）的长诗，是开头四行。
这首长诗似乎并不重要，没有收在布莱克主要几本诗集里，评论家也不谈，我在网上甚至找不到它是写于哪一年的。
这首长诗通篇的风格与前四行诗很吻合，都是那种含有哲理的格言诗，总得来说很费解。
越到后面越难理解，我读了几遍，都没有看明白。
William Blake - Auguries of InnocenceTo see a world in a grain of sand,And a heaven in a wild flower,Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,And eternity in an hour.A robin redbreast in a cagePuts all heaven in a rage.A dove-house fill'd with doves and pigeons Shudders hell thro' all its regions.A dog starv'd at his master's gate Predicts the ruin of the state.A horse misused upon the roadCalls to heaven for human blood.Each outcry of the hunted hareA fibre from the brain does tear.A skylark wounded in the wing,A cherubim does cease to sing.The game-cock clipt and arm'd for fight Does the rising sun affright.Every wolf's and lion's howlRaises from hell a human soul.The wild deer, wand'ring here and there, Keeps the human soul from care.The lamb misus'd breeds public strife, And yet forgives the butcher's knife.The bat that flits at close of eveHas left the brain that won't believe.The owl that calls upon the night Speaks the unbeliever's fright.He who shall hurt the little wrenShall never be belov'd by men.He who the ox to wrath has mov'dShall never be by woman lov'd.The wanton boy that kills the flyShall feel the spider's enmity.He who torments the chafer's sprite Weaves a bower in endless night.The caterpillar on the leafRepeats to thee thy mother's grief.Kill not the moth nor butterfly,For the last judgement draweth nigh. He who shall train the horse to war Shall never pass the polar bar.The beggar's dog and widow's cat, Feed them and thou wilt grow fat.The gnat that sings his summer's song Poison gets from slander's tongue.The poison of the snake and newtIs the sweat of envy's foot.The poison of the honey beeIs the artist's jealousy.The prince's robes and beggar's rags Are toadstools on the miser's bags.A truth that's told with bad intent Beats all the lies you can invent.It is right it should be so;Man was made for joy and woe;And when this we rightly know,Thro' the world we safely go.Joy and woe are woven fine,A clothing for the soul divine.Under every grief and pineRuns a joy with silken twine.The babe is more than swaddling bands; Every farmer understands.Every tear from every eyeBecomes a babe in eternity;This is caught by females bright,And return'd to its own delight.The bleat, the bark, bellow, and roar,Are waves that beat on heaven's shore. The babe that weeps the rod beneath Writes revenge in realms of death.The beggar's rags, fluttering in air,Does to rags the heavens tear.The soldier, arm'd with sword and gun, Palsied strikes the summer's sun.The poor man's farthing is worth more Than all the gold on Afric's shore.One mite wrung from the lab'rer's hands Shall buy and sell the miser's lands;Or, if protected from on high,Does that whole nation sell and buy.He who mocks the infant's faithShall be mock'd in age and death.He who shall teach the child to doubt The rotting grave shall ne'er get out.He who respects the infant's faith Triumphs over hell and death.The child's toys and the old man's reasons Are the fruits of the two seasons.The questioner, who sits so sly,Shall never know how to reply.He who replies to words of doubtDoth put the light of knowledge out. The strongest poison ever knownCame from Caesar's laurel crown.Nought can deform the human raceLike to the armour's iron brace.When gold and gems adorn the plow,To peaceful arts shall envy bow.A riddle, or the cricket's cry,Is to doubt a fit reply.The emmet's inch and eagle's mileMake lame philosophy to smile.He who doubts from what he seesWill ne'er believe, do what you please.If the sun and moon should doubt,They'd immediately go out.To be in a passion you good may do,But no good if a passion is in you.The whore and gambler, by the state Licensed, build that nation's fate.The harlot's cry from street to streetShall weave old England's winding-sheet. The winner's shout, the loser's curse,Dance before dead England's hearse.Every night and every mornSome to misery are born,Every morn and every nightSome are born to sweet delight.Some are born to sweet delight,Some are born to endless night.We are led to believe a lieWhen we see not thro' the eye,Which was born in a night to perish in a night, When the soul slept in beams of light.God appears, and God is light,To those poor souls who dwell in night; But does a human form displayTo those who dwell in realms of day.。
Auguries_of_innocence_天真的预言-中英双语彼
Auguries of innocence 天真的预言To see the world in a grain of sand 从一粒细沙中窥探世界And a heaven in a wild flower 在一朵野花里寻觅天堂Hold infinity in the palm of your hand 掌中握无限And eternity in an hour 霎那成永恒A truth that's told with bad intent 当真理被恶意利用时Beats all the lies you can invent 比一切臆造的谎言狰狞It is right it should be so ; 现实本来就这样Man was made for joy and woe; 人生来就要面对快乐和悲惨And when this we rightly known 只要能明了这一点Through the world we safely go 我们就不会再受伤害Joy and woe are woven fine 将快乐和忧伤编织A clothing for the soul divine 披在我神圣的心上The poor man's farthing is worth more 穷人手里的一个铜板Than all the gold on Afric's shore 抵得上非洲海岸的所有黄金One mite wrung from labour's hands 从劳动者手里砸取的一丁点钱Shall buy and sell the miser's lands 能买的下守财奴的所有土地Or, if protected from on high 如果得到上帝的庇护Does that whole nation sell and buy 甚至可以买卖国土的全部He who mocks the infant's faith 谁曾嘲笑纯真的信念Shall be mocksed in age and death 他将被岁月和死亡讥讽He who shall teach the child to doubt 谁要动摇纯真的信念The rotting grave shall ne'er get out他将永远被埋葬在陈腐的墓穴中He who respects the infant's faith 谁能尊重纯真的信念Triumph's over Hell and death 他将战胜地狱和死亡He who doubts from what he sees 如果不相信自己的眼睛Will ne'er believe, do what you please 将永远不懂得去信任，请随心而行If the Sun&Moon should doubt 如果太阳和月亮心存猜疑They'd immediately go out它们将会转瞬消失To be in a passion you good may do 被激情围绕就能拥有美好But no good if a passion is in you 情欲攻心则会迷失自我Every night and every morn 每一个夜晚，每一个清晨Some to misery are born 有人生来就为不幸伤神Every morn and every night 每一个清晨，每一个夜晚Some are born to sweet delight 有人生来就被幸福拥抱Some are born to sweet delight 有人生来就被幸福拥抱Some are born to endless Night 有人生来就被长夜围绕We are led to believe a lie 如果不是亲眼所见When we see not through the Eye 我们就会相信谎言Which was born in a night to perish in a night 谎言在黑夜里生灭When the soul slept in beams of Light 灵魂在光芒中休眠God appears&God is light 对挣扎在黑暗中的人To those poor souls who dwell in night 上帝散发出光明But does ahuman form diaplay 对生活在白昼的人To those who dwell in realms of day 上帝幻化为人性这首诗是英国诗人威廉·布莱克最负盛名的作品，《天真的预言》一诗与佛教思想颇多暗合之处，所以有人怀疑布莱克看到过或研读过译为英文的佛教经典。
天真的预兆
意境与佛偈《心是莲花开》中的“一花一天堂，一草一世界，一树一菩提，一土一如来，一方一净土，一笑一尘缘，一念一清净，心是莲花开。
”有异曲同工之妙。
很多国人也热衷翻译那四句，其中不乏一些才子名流，比如徐志摩的“一沙一世界，一花一天堂。
无限掌中置，刹那成永恒。
”，是经典中的经典。
总之，这四句诗在与禅同根、大众推波、名家助澜的合力造就下，成就了不朽的知名度。
Auguries of Innocence 天真的预言-William Blake -威廉·布莱克To see a world in a grain of sand 一沙一混沌And a heaven in a wild flower, 一花一天堂，Hold infinity in the palm of your hand 一手掌乾坤And eternity in an hour. 一霎蓄无疆。
A robin redbreast in a cage 知更鸟儿笼中囚Puts all heaven in a rage. 花花天堂怒不休A dove-house filled with doves and pigeons 家鸽野鸽挤一堂Shudders hell through all its regions. 震天颤地荡苍茫。
A dog starved at his master's gate 狗趴主人门前饿Predicts the ruin of the state. 昭示国毁家落寞。
A horse misused upon the road 马儿受虐奔路上Calls to heaven for human blood. 痛唤天将人血偿。
Each outcry of the hunted hare 兔儿被猎叫声声A fibre from the brain does tear. 声声如刀绞心门。
A skylark wounded in the wing, 云雀羽伤，A cherubim does cease to sing. 天使止唱。
北岛《给孩子的诗》第一首 天真的预示
北岛《给孩子的诗》第一首天真的预示（节选）【英国】威廉·布莱克梁宗岱译Auguries of Innocence----William BlakeTo see a world in a grain of sand,And a heaven in a wild flower,Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,And eternity in an hour.一颗沙里看出一个世界，一朵野花里一座天堂，把无限放在你的手掌上，永恒在一刹那里收藏。
【诗人简介】威廉·布莱克（WilliamBlake，1757-1827）是十九世纪诗人，英国第一位重要的浪漫主义诗人。
主要诗作有诗集《天真之歌》、《经验之歌》等。
早期作品简洁明快，中后期作品趋向玄妙晦涩，充满神秘色彩。
他是一位复杂的多重人物：除了诗人，他同时还是画家、雕刻家。
布莱克一生都没有得到官方或公众的赏识。
在当时人们的眼中，它是个反理性主义者、梦幻家和神秘主义者，一个远离尘世的人和偏执狂。
他的作品没有受到重视。
直到十九、二十世纪之交，叶芝等人重编了他的诗集，人们才惊讶于他的纯真与深刻。
接着是他的书信和笔记的发表，他的神启式的画也逐渐普及，于是诗人与画家布莱克的地位才确立无疑。
时至今日，不少批评家把布莱克列为英国文学史上与乔叟、斯宾塞、莎士比亚、弥尔顿、华兹华斯齐名的最伟大的六位诗人之一。
由于他的画在文艺复兴以后，开启了不重形似而重精神力量的新路，他又被赞誉为“英国艺术方面最重要的人物之一”。
【诗歌赏析】什么是永恒？什么是至善？布莱克在渺小和伟大，有限和无限的对峙中对我们说：永恒只在生命绽放的刹那，在这一瞬间，你已把握住了人最本真的意义。
唯有这种本真，才是天国，才是上帝，才是至善与永恒。
这种本真存在于孩子的天真中，也存在于人类最原始的形态之中。
在那个时间里，每一刻都是新鲜的，每一天都是快乐。
任何一次小小的发现都成为天国的花朵，盛开着永恒的芬芳。
诗歌翻译及赏析
卿若红玫瑰, 新绽在六月, 更若旋律曲, 嘹亮声和谐.
As fair art thou, my bonie lass, So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a’ the seas gang dry.
汝颜美若斯, 我深弥爱之, 情爱永不变, 直至海枯时.
• 关于英诗汉译的形式问题大致有两种不同意 见。
• 一种主张把英诗译成“中国诗”，即译成中 国固有的诗歌形式；
• 另一种主张译诗应该连同原诗的形式一起移 过来，使它尽量接近原作。诗歌到底要怎么 译呢？
• 中国当代译诗的大家许渊冲先生提出的“译诗六论” 很 有借鉴意义。它们是：
11.5.1译者一也（Identification） • 翻译是译文和原文矛盾的统一。统一有不同的层次：词汇
And fare thee awhile!
我和你小别片刻。
And I will come again, my Luve, 我要回来的，亲爱的，
Tho’it were ten thousand mile.
即使是万里相隔。
[分析] 罗伯特·彭斯自幼受民歌熏陶，他的诗富有乡 土气息和民歌风味，语言通俗，音乐性强，读来流 畅自然，朗朗上口。译诗所选的首尾两节是直译过 来的，句法未变，字面意义也未作任何变更，正是 奉行了“译者依也”的原则。而不变是相对的，第 一句根据 sprung 表现的情态增加了“迎风”；第 三句给 melodie 加上了“甜甜的”修饰。这些“异” 都是译者的“艺”，增添了原诗深层意蕴所有而表 层意蕴所无的内容，因而更深层次地传达了原诗的 意境，达到了“怡”的效果。
呵，我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰，
William Blake一沙一世界
Assignment:Write your comment on the following lines by W Blake.To see a world in a grain of sandAnd a heaven in a wild flowerHold infinity in the palm of your handAnd eternity in an hourAuguries of Innocence一沙一世界一花一天堂，双手握无限霎那成永恒。
William Blake wasan English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of thepoetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age.These four lines were excerpted from thebeginningof William Blake's poem Auguries of Innocence ，which has 132 lines. An augury is a sign or omen.From these four lines，we learn that it was rhymed in abab forms. As we can see from the poem, Blake writes poem in plain and direct language. He presents his view in visual images rather than abstract idea. Symbolism in wide range is a distinctive feature of his poetry.What’ s more，if you have read the Buddhist classic works，you will find that there are something common between them. They all have profoundly meditations about life.From the first two lines, we learn that everything is made up by many micro objects,therefore, the details can determine success or failure. Blake thought that if one can really notice an imperceptible thing, so he can comprehend the true essence of the universe. The last two lines, compared with the infinity human history and endless time in universe, it is the limited human individual that contributes to thewhole world.Back in the ages of William Blake, this poem might seem beyond imagination. People might doubt whether we are really capable to see the whole world in some micro objet like sand or flower. That is probably why people deemed it as a religious illusion.In my eyes, Blake was the poet of inspiration alone, following no man’s lead, an d obeying no voice but that which he heard in his own mystic soul.。
英语优美句子
29.Life isn't about waiting for the storm to pass, it's about learning to dance in the rain. 生活不是坐等风暴过去，而是学会在风雨中起舞。
30.Because the love, so mercy; because to understand, so tolerant.——因为爱过，所以慈悲；因为懂得，所以宽容
35.Better by far you should forget and smile than that you should remember and be sad． 与其伤心回忆，不如微笑遗忘
36.Grow old along with me, the best is yet to be.执子之手，与子偕老
31.Catch one's heart，never be apart. 愿得一人心，白首不相离。
32.A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
33.All good things come to an end. 天下没有不散的筵席
34.A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。
16.If you know who I was, maybe you would forgive who I am.你如果认识从前的我，也许你会原谅现在的我。——张爱玲《倾城之恋》
17.To see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower, hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour.---William Blake - Auguries of Innocence.一沙一世界，一花一天堂。无限掌中置，刹那成永恒。——威廉·布莱克《天真的预言》(此翻译版本出自徐志摩)
天真的预言原文和译文
天真的预言原文和译文Auguries of innocence 天真的预言(英国)布莱克To see the world in a grain of sand，一沙一世界，And a heaven in a wild flower.一花一天堂。
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand，在你的手掌中拥有着一切，And eternity in an hour.一霎那间便也可以是永恒。
A truth that's told with bad intent，当真理被人带着恶意说出时,Beats all the lies you can invent.相比于一切臆造的谎言都要狰狞。
It is right it should be so,事实本来就是如此,Man was made for joy and woe.人生下来就要面对各种快乐或是不幸。
And when this we rightly known，当我们能够弄明白这一点,Through the world we safely go.无论去到哪里都不会再受到伤害。
Joy and woe are woven fine，快乐和忧愁被编织在一起，A clothing for the soul divine.将这件华服披在我的心灵之上。
The poor man's farthing is worth more，穷人的一个铜板，Than all the gold on Afric's shore;远远比得上非洲海岸的所有黄金；One mite wrung from labour's hands，从劳动者手中掠夺来的财富，Shall buy and sell the miser's lands.可以买的下守财奴的所有土地。
Or, if protected from on high，如果我们能够得到上帝的庇护，Does that whole nation sell and buy.甚至可以把国土的全部拿来买卖。
中英诗歌翻译
我是无名之辈， 我是无名之辈，你是谁 狄金森 我是无名之辈，你是谁？ 你，也是，无名之辈？ 这就有了我们一对！可是别声张！ 你知道，他们会大肆张扬！ 做个，显要人物，好不无聊！ 像个青蛙，向仰慕的泥沼—— 在整个六月，把个人的姓名 聒噪——何等招摇！ （江枫 译）
一代人
顾城
A Generation
Auguries of Innocence By William Blake
天真的预言 布莱克 一沙一世界， 一花一天空； 掌内包无限， 片刻现永恒。
To see a world in a grain of Sand And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand And Eternity in an hour.
——《红楼梦》 第一回 杨宪益 英译
New Friends and Old Friends
Make new friends, but keep the old; Those are silver, these are gold. New-made friendship, like new wine, Age will mellow and refine. Friendships that have stood the test--Time and change----are surely best; Brow may wrinkle, hair grow gray; Friendship never knows decay.
Written In a Village South of the Capital 题都城南庄 （唐）崔护 Cui Hu
去年今日此门中， 人面桃花相映红。 人面不知何处去， 桃花依旧笑春风。
英语模仿秀-美文欣赏
美人缓行如夜移， 清空无云动繁星， 明丽晦深潜交影， 凝妆姣容汇眸情， 融融夜色柔极致， 耀目昼曦难相映。 明暗一丝难增减， 莫名优雅易折失。 万缕乌泽溢雅致， 芙蓉颜面泛灵滋； 适逸安恬若有思， 清丽高洁显心志。
--- (Crazy English Vol. 61)
And on that cheek, and o’er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below A heart whose love is innocent!
秀颊柔美多沉静， 柳眉动人语无声； 迷人笑靥光彩焕， 似隐似现年华生。 人间万事平心待， 情心一片仍天真。
Companionship of books
By Samuel Smiles
A man can be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness, amusing and instructing in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Men often discover their affinity to each other by the love they each have for a book—just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both have for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them. “Books,” said Hazlitt, “wind into the heart; the poet’s verses slid in the current of our blood. We read them when young, we remember them when old. We feel that it has happened to ourselves. They are to be had very cheep and good. We breathe but the air of books.” A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of a man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are the treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, when remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.” The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angel of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire good works. Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account of great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors’ minds ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products, for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good. Books introduce us into the best society. They bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as of they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. The great and good do not die even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens. Hence we ever remain under the influence of the great men of old. The imperial intellects of the world are as much alive now as they were ages ago. (Crazy English Vol. 61)
乐观主题英语作文带诗句
乐观主题英语作文带诗句英文回答：In the face of life's inevitable challenges, optimism serves as a beacon of hope, guiding us through adversity and empowering us to navigate the complexities of human existence. This indomitable spirit, rooted in the belief that the future holds promise and possibility, has been eloquently captured throughout history in the works of poets, philosophers, and writers.One of the most famous examples of literary optimism is the work of English poet William Blake. In his poem "Auguries of Innocence," Blake celebrates the inherent goodness and wonder of the natural world, offering a vision of hope and optimism in the midst of societal turmoil. The poem's refrain, "To see a World in a Grain of Sand / And a Heaven in a Wild Flower," encapsulates the idea that even in the smallest and most ordinary things, there is beauty and potential for joy.Another prominent figure in the literary realm of optimism is American poet Walt Whitman. His work is characterized by a profound faith in the human spirit and a belief in the limitless possibilities that lie ahead. In his poem "Song of Myself," Whitman writes, "I celebrate myself, and sing myself, / And what I assume, you shall assume, / For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you." These lines convey a sense of boundless optimism and the conviction that each individual possesses the potential for greatness.The power of optimism is not limited to the realm of literature. In the field of psychology, optimism has been extensively studied and found to have significant benefits for mental and physical health. Research has shown that optimistic individuals tend to be more resilient in the face of stress, experience lower levels of anxiety and depression, and have better overall well-being.One of the key components of optimism is the ability to see setbacks as temporary and surmountable challengesrather than permanent failures. This perspective allows optimistic individuals to maintain a positive outlook even in the face of adversity and to focus on finding solutions rather than dwelling on problems.Another important aspect of optimism is the belief that the future holds promise and possibility. This belief motivates optimistic individuals to set goals, work hard, and persevere even when faced with obstacles. They believe that their efforts will ultimately lead to success and that a better future is within their reach.In conclusion, optimism is a powerful force that can empower us to navigate the challenges of life with resilience, hope, and a belief in ourselves and the future. As the poet Emily Dickinson wrote, "Hope" is the thing with feathers / That perches in the soul / And sings the tune without the words / And never stops at all." May we all embrace the spirit of optimism and find hope and joy in the journey of life.中文回答：在面对人生中不可避免的挑战时，乐观主义就像灯塔，指引我们渡过逆境，让我们能够驾驭人类存在的复杂性。
向阳而生700字英语作文
向阳而生700字英语作文In the tapestry of life, where threads of adversity intertwine with vibrant hues of resilience, the sunflower stands as a beacon of inspiration. With its unwavering gaze towards the celestial orb, it embodies the indomitablespirit that resides within each of us, reminding us that even in the darkest of times, there is always a way to turn towards the light.The sunflower's journey begins in the depths of the earth, where a tiny seed cradles the potential for greatness. Nurtured by the warmth and moisture of the soil, it awakens from its slumber, its roots reaching down with determination, seeking sustenance and stability. As the stem ascends skyward, it carries with it the weight of anticipation, its leaves unfurling like delicate hands reaching out to embrace the world.At first, the seedling is vulnerable, its stem slender and its leaves tender. The elements, in their capriciousnature, may test its resolve. Strong winds may buffet it about, threatening to uproot it from its newfound home. Torrential rains may lash against its petals, drenching it to the core. Yet, amidst the adversity, the sunflower remains steadfast. It bends with the wind without breaking, its roots clutching the earth with unwavering strength. It weathers the storm, its petals resiliently shedding the raindrops that dampen them.As the seedling matures, it gains in stature and strength. Its stem thickens, becoming a sturdy pillar that supports the weight of its magnificent bloom. Its leaves grow larger and more numerous, forming a protective canopy that shields it from the harsh rays of the sun. The sunflower's roots, reaching deep into the earth, provide it with the nourishment it needs to flourish, ensuring that it will stand tall and proud for all to admire.With the advent of summer, the sunflower's transformation is complete. Its bud, once tightly closed, begins to unfurl, revealing a vibrant tapestry of golden petals. These petals, arranged in a perfect spiral, radiateoutwards like the rays of the sun, creating a breathtaking spectacle that commands attention. The sunflower's head, heavy with seeds, turns tirelessly towards the east, following the sun's path across the sky. It is a constant reminder of the importance of perseverance, of always striving towards the light, no matter how distant it may seem.The sunflower's beauty and resilience have captivated artists and poets throughout history. Its image has been immortalized in paintings, sculptures, and literary works, inspiring awe and wonder in the human heart. Vincent van Gogh, in his iconic series of sunflower paintings, captured the flower's vibrant spirit, using bold brushstrokes and vibrant colors to convey its indomitable nature. The poet William Blake, in his poem "Auguries of Innocence," wrote: "To see a World in a Grain of Sand / And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, / Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand / And Eternity in an hour." The sunflower, with its intricate patterns and its connection to the celestial, perfectly embodies Blake's vision of the infinite contained within the finite.Beyond its aesthetic appeal, the sunflower haspractical applications that have benefited humankind for centuries. Its seeds are a nutritious source of protein and oil, and they have been used for food, medicine, and fuel. The sunflower's ability to extract heavy metals from thesoil has made it a valuable tool in environmental remediation efforts. Its flowers provide nectar for beesand other pollinators, playing a vital role in the ecosystem.The sunflower's symbolism extends beyond the natural world. It has become a symbol of hope, optimism, and resilience in the face of adversity. It is associated with joy, happiness, and the pursuit of one's dreams. The sunflower's message is clear: even in the darkest of times, there is always hope. By turning towards the light, by embracing our resilience, and by nurturing our potential,we can overcome any obstacle and achieve our full potential.As the summer draws to a close, the sunflower's petals begin to fade. The seeds, now ripe and ready for harvest,are gathered and stored away, promising new life in the seasons to come. The sunflower's lifecycle, from humble beginnings to glorious bloom, serves as a reminder thateven when our own lives may seem to be fading, there is always the potential for renewal and rebirth.The sunflower, with its unwavering gaze towards the sun, its resilience in the face of adversity, and its promise of hope and new beginnings, stands as a timeless symbol of the indomitable spirit that resides within each of us. Its message is a simple one: turn towards the light, believe in yourself, and never give up on your dreams.。
生命的诗意主题英语作文标题
生命的诗意主题英语作文标题The Lyrical Canvas of Life: Embracing the Poetic Essence of Existence.Life, in its infinite tapestry of experiences, weaves a complex narrative that yearns for poetic expression. Throughout history, artists, poets, and philosophers alike have delved into the profound depths of human existence, seeking to capture its essence in words and images. In this essay, we embark on an exploration of the lyrical themes that define our lives, unraveling the beauty, fragility, and boundless wonder that lie within.Ode to the Ephemeral: Embracing the Transience of Existence.One of the most poignant threads running through the fabric of life is its inherent transience. From the ephemeral bloom of a flower to the fleeting moment of a shared smile, the passage of time leaves an undeniableimprint on our experiences. Poets and writers have long grappled with this poignant truth, crafting verses thatboth lament and celebrate the fleeting nature of life.William Blake, in his iconic poem "Auguries of Innocence," paints a vivid tableau of cyclical change: "To see a World in a Grain of Sand / And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, / Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand / And Eternity in an hour." In these lines, Blake encapsulatesthe interconnectedness of all things, reminding us thateven in the smallest of moments, the boundless potential of the universe resides.Sonnet of Loss: The Echoes of Grief.Life's journey inevitably encounters moments ofprofound loss, where the weight of sorrow threatens to overwhelm our spirits. Poets have found solace in capturing the raw emotions that accompany such experiences, giving voice to the anguish and despair that grips the human heart.In his haunting elegy, "In Memoriam," Alfred, LordTennyson, explores the depths of grief following the loss of his friend: "Dark house, by which once more I stand / Here in the long unlovely street, / Doors, where my heart was used to beat / So quickly, waiting for a hand." Through his poignant imagery and evocative language, Tennyson invites us to confront the pain of loss and to seek solace in the enduring power of memory.Ode to Joy: The Symphony of Human Connection.Despite the challenges and sorrows that life presents, there is an indomitable spirit that resides within us—a longing for connection and a desire for joy. Poets and musicians have celebrated this enduring aspect of human nature, weaving words and melodies that uplift and inspire.In his rousing choral masterpiece "Ode to Joy," Ludwig van Beethoven captures the transformative power of human unity: "All men become brothers / Under thy mild sway, / O heavenly Joy!" Beethoven believed that music had the capacity to break down barriers and foster a sense of shared humanity, reminding us that even in the darkest oftimes, the flame of hope continues to flicker.Haiku of Mindfulness: The Beauty of the Present.In the midst of life's whirlwind, it is essential to cultivate a sense of mindfulness, to pause and appreciate the beauty that surrounds us in each present moment. Japanese haiku poets have mastered the art of capturing the essence of an experience in a few short lines, inviting readers to awaken their senses and connect with the wonder of the world.One of the most famous haiku, written by Matsuo Bashō, perfectly encapsulates this concept: "An old silent pond... / A frog jumps into the pond, / Splash! Silence again." By focusing on the simple act of a frog jumping into a pond, Bashō transports us to a realm of tranquility and invites us to fully experience the beauty and stillness of the natural world.Conclusion: The Enduring Power of Poetry.Through the lyrical themes of transience, loss, connection, and mindfulness, poetry offers a profound lens through which we can examine the complexities of human existence. It reminds us of the fleeting nature of time, the vulnerability of our hearts, the indomitable spiritthat resides within us, and the importance of appreciating the present.Poetry, in its diverse forms and expressions, serves as a timeless beacon of insight and inspiration. It has the power to console, elevate, and ignite our imaginations, helping us to navigate the labyrinthine journey of life with both grace and wonder. By embracing the poetic essence of our experiences, we find solace, meaning, and a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world that surrounds us.。
auguries of innocence各句解读
auguries of innocence各句解读《Auguries of Innocence》（《天真的预兆》）是威廉·布莱克（William Blake）的一部诗作，1. "To see a World in a Grain of Sand"（在一粒沙子中看到一个世界）：这句话意味着我们可以从微小的事物中洞察到整个宇宙的奥秘和无穷的可能性。
2. "Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand"（把无限放在你的手掌中）：这句话表达了人类拥有无限潜能和能力的观念，我们可以通过自己的力量去创造和改变世界。
3. "To see a World in a Grain of Sand, And a Heaven in a Wild Flower"（在一粒沙子中看到一个世界，在一朵野花中看到天堂）：这句话强调了观察和感知的重要性，我们可以从微观的事物中发现宇宙的广阔和神圣的存在。
4. "Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand, And Eternity in an hour"（把无限放在你的手掌中，把永恒放在一小时中）：这句话传达了时间和空间的相对性，我们可以在短暂的瞬间中体验到无限和永恒的存在。
5. "A robin redbreast in a cage"（笼中的红胸知更鸟）：这句话暗示了对自由的限制和束缚，鸟被关在笼子里失去了它应有的生活和自然状态。
6. "A dog starved at his master's gate"（主人门口挨饿的狗）：这句话揭示了不公正和残酷的现实，狗在主人门口饥饿，暗示了对弱者和受苦者的不公与冷漠。
7. "A skylark wounded in the wing"（受伤的云雀）：这句话象征了在美好与自由中受到伤害的形象，表达了对受伤和痛苦的同情和关切。
中英诗歌翻译
西 风 无名氏 15 世纪 西风啊,您什么时候开始吹刮， 绵绵的细雨什么时候降下来？ 啊,但愿我的爱人在我怀里， 让我们同床共枕重相爱!
Western wind when wilt thou blow, The small rain down can rain? Christ, if my love were in my arms And I in my bed again!
那么多东西 依靠 一辆红色 手推车 雨水淋得它 晶亮 旁边是一群 白鸡
The Red Wheelbarrow
By W. C. Williams
So much depends Upon A red wheel Barrow Glazed with rain Water Beside the white Chickens.
胡宗锋
西北大学外国语学院教授 西北大学文学院 教 授 西北大学文化与翻译研究所 所长 中国翻译协会理事 陕西省翻译协会 副主席 西安市政协委员 中国比较文学学会会员 美国职业交流学会中国文化 主讲教授 美国富布莱特海斯访华团中国文化 主讲教授 西安工业大学 客座教授 咸阳师范学院 客座教授 西安理工大学 客座教授
-----Analects 17. 9
Literature is the Essence of Life 文学是人生的精髓
1.Philosophy is life etherealized 哲学是气化的人生（气体，汽） 2.Poetry is life distilled 诗是蒸馏的人生（液体，水） 3. Fiction or novel is life Crystallized 小说是固体化的人生（固体，冰） All from all sorts of impure things containing water 均从各种含水的不纯物质中得来。 4. Drama is life exploded. 戏剧是爆炸的人生 Literature is the Re-presentation of Life. 文学是人生的表现。
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Auguries of InnocenceWilliam BlakeTo see a world in a grain of sandAnd a heaven in a wild flower,Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, And eternity in an hour.A robin redbreast in a cagePuts all heaven in a rage.A dove-house fill'd with doves and pigeons Shudders hell thro' all its regions.A dog starv'd at his master's gate Predicts the ruin of the state.A horse misused upon the roadCalls to heaven for human blood.Each outcry of the hunted hareA fibre from the brain does tear.A skylark wounded in the wing,A cherubim does cease to sing.The game-cock clipt and arm'd for fight Does the rising sun affright.Every wolf's and lion's howlRaises from hell a human soul.The wild deer, wand'ring here and there, Keeps the human soul from care.The lamb misus'd breeds public strife, And yet forgives the butcher's knife.The bat that flits at close of eveHas left the brain that won't believe.The owl that calls upon the nightSpeaks the unbeliever's fright.He who shall hurt the little wrenShall never be belov'd by men.He who the ox to wrath has mov'dShall never be by woman lov'd.The wanton boy that kills the flyShall feel the spider's enmity.He who torments the chafer's sprite Weaves a bower in endless night.The caterpillar on the leafRepeats to thee thy mother's grief.Kill not the moth nor butterfly,For the last judgement draweth nigh. He who shall train the horse to war Shall never pass the polar bar.The beggar's dog and widow's cat, Feed them and thou wilt grow fat.The gnat that sings his summer's song Poison gets from slander's tongue.The poison of the snake and newtIs the sweat of envy's foot.The poison of the honey beeIs the artist's jealousy.The prince's robes and beggar's rags Are toadstools on the miser's bags.A truth that's told with bad intent Beats all the lies you can invent.It is right it should be so;Man was made for joy and woe;And when this we rightly know,Thro' the world we safely go.Joy and woe are woven fine,A clothing for the soul divine.Under every grief and pineRuns a joy with silken twine.The babe is more than swaddling bands; Throughout all these human lands; Tools were made and born were hands, Every farmer understands.Every tear from every eyeBecomes a babe in eternity;This is caught by females bright,And return'd to its own delight.The bleat, the bark, bellow, and roar,Are waves that beat on heaven's shore. The babe that weeps the rod beneath Writes revenge in realms of death.The beggar's rags, fluttering in air,Does to rags the heavens tear.The soldier, arm'd with sword and gun, Palsied strikes the summer's sun.The poor man's farthing is worth more Than all the gold on Afric's shore.One mite wrung from the lab'rer's hands Shall buy and sell the miser's lands; Or, if protected from on high,Does that whole nation sell and buy.He who mocks the infant's faithShall be mock'd in age and death.He who shall teach the child to doubt The rotting grave shall ne'er get out.He who respects the infant's faith Triumphs over hell and death.The child's toys and the old man's reasons Are the fruits of the two seasons.The questioner, who sits so sly,Shall never know how to reply.He who replies to words of doubtDoth put the light of knowledge out.The strongest poison ever knownCame from Caesar's laurel crown. Nought can deform the human raceLike to the armour's iron brace.When gold and gems adorn the plow,To peaceful arts shall envy bow.A riddle, or the cricket's cry,Is to doubt a fit reply.The emmet's inch and eagle's mileMake lame philosophy to smile.He who doubts from what he seesWill ne'er believe, do what you please.If the sun and moon should doubt,They'd immediately go out.To be in a passion you good may do,But no good if a passion is in you.The whore and gambler, by the state Licensed, build that nation's fate.The harlot's cry from street to streetShall weave old England's winding-sheet. The winner's shout, the loser's curse,Dance before dead England's hearse.Every night and every mornSome to misery are born,Every morn and every nightSome are born to sweet delight.Some are born to sweet delight,Some are born to endless night.We are led to believe a lieWhen we see not thro' the eye,Which was born in a night to perish in a night, When the soul slept in beams of light.God appears, and God is light,To those poor souls who dwell in night;But does a human form displayTo those who dwell in realms of day.。