人教版普通高中课程标准实验教科书
普通高中课程标准实验教科书生物第一册[人教版]
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普通高中课程标准实验教科书生物第一册[人教版]第六章细胞的生命历程第1节细胞的增殖一、知识结构细胞不能无限长大细胞的增殖细胞通过分裂进行增殖有丝分裂无丝分裂二、教学目标1、简述细胞生长与增殖的周期性。
2、观察细胞的有丝分裂并概述其过程。
3、描述细胞的无丝分裂。
4、模拟探究细胞大小与物质运输的关系，探讨细胞不能无限长大的原因。
三、教学重点、难点及解决方法1、教学重点及解决方法[教学重点]⑴细胞生长与增殖的周期性。
⑵真核细胞有丝分裂的过程。
[解决方法]⑴用吹塑板做成细胞与染色体模型，边讲解边在黑板粘贴有丝分裂各时期剪贴图。
⑵运用多媒体再现动态的植物细胞有丝分裂过程。
2、教学难点及解决方法[教学难点]真核细胞有丝分裂过程中，各个时期染色体行为与数目的变化，与DNA数量的变化。
[解决方法]用传统的教学方式与现代教学手段相结合，既让学生感受细胞分裂过程的动态性与连续性，又能克服电教手段转瞬即逝的弊端，再通过表格、曲线图呈现变化。
四、课时安排2课时五、教学方法实验法，讲解法，启发法。
六、教具准备课件，实验用品七、学生活动1、通过实验，启发学生发现事物的规律性。
2、指导学生阅读教材，找出知识点，回答有关问题。
八、教学程序（一）明确目标（二）重点、难点的学习与目标完成过程第1课时[问题探讨]出示教材P110图讨论：1、推测象与鼠相应器官与组织的细胞大小差异如何？2、生物体的长大，是靠细胞数量的增多还是靠细胞体积的增大？（让学生明确多细胞生物体体积的增大，即生物体的生长，既靠细胞生长增大细胞的体积，还要靠细胞分裂增加细胞的数量。
不一致动（植）物同类器官或者组织的细胞大小通常无明显差异，器官大小要紧决定于细胞数量的多少。
）导言：细胞为什么都那么微小呢？什么因素限制了细胞的长大？让我们通过模拟实验来探讨之。
一、细胞不能无限长大[实验：细胞大小与物质运输的关系]先引导学生设计模拟实验的方案，然后讨论各类方案的可行性，最后实验按教材P110——111提供的方案。
普通高中课程标准实验教科书—政治第四册[
第五课把握思维的奥妙（第二课时）新课程学习5.2 意识的作用★新课标要求（一）知识目标1、识记意识的作用。
2、理解一切从实际出发，实事求是。
（二）能力目标培养学生辩证唯物主义的意识观，以及主观能动性与规律客观性、高度的革命热情与严谨的科学态度相结合的能力。
（三）情感、态度与价值观目标培养学生物质决定意识，一切从实际出发的唯物主义思想观念，增强贯彻、执行党的思想路线的自觉性。
★教学重点意识的能动性，坚持一切从实际出发、实事求是。
★教学方法教师启发、引导，学生收集、整理有关资料，并组织学生探究、讨论哲学对生活的影响。
★教学过程（一）导入新课通过上一节学习，我们知道了意识的本质，进一步明确了物质决定意识的道理。
那么，意识是否是消极被动的决定于物质呢？它对我们有什么要求？这是我们这一节课要探究的内容。
（二）进行新课一、人能够能动的认识世界教师活动：引导学生阅读教材第38页探究框题内容，并思考所提问题。
学生活动：自主阅读，积极思考讨论。
教师点评：动物的本能活动是无法与人类意识的能动活动相媲美的。
1、意识活动具有目的性和计划性人们在反映客观世界的时候，总是抱有一定的目的和动机，在实施行动之前还要预先制定蓝图、目标、行动方式和行动步骤等。
蜜蜂筑巢、蜘蛛织网等，表面看起来似乎有某种预定的目标和计划，其实不然。
它们既不知道自己在做什么，也不知道为什么要这样做。
它们的操作纯粹是无目的的本能的活动。
2、意识活动具有主动创造性和自觉选择性意识对客观世界的反映是主动的、有选择的，并不是客观世界有什么就反映什么。
意识不仅能反映事物的外部现象，而且能够把握事物的本质和规律。
它不仅能够“复制”当前的对象，而且能够追溯过去、推测未来，能够创造一个理想的或幻想的世界。
教师活动：引导学生阅读教材第39页“专家点评”内容，并思考所提问题。
学生活动：自主阅读，积极思考讨论。
教师点评：意识活动的主动性和创造性，是人能够认识世界的重要条件。
新版人教版高中数学教材最新目录(1)-新版.pdf
人教版普通高中课程标准实验教科书数学必修一第一章集合与函数概念1．1集合1．2函数及其表示1．3函数的基本性质第二章基本初等函数（Ⅰ）2．1指数函数2．2对数函数2．3幂函数第三章函数的应用3．1函数与方程3．2函数模型及其应用必修二第一章空间几何体1．1空间几何体的结构1．2空间几何体的三视图和直观图1．3空间几何体的表面积与体积第二章点、直线、平面之间的位置关系2．1空间点、直线、平面之间的位置关系2．2直线、平面平行的判定及其性质2．3直线、平面垂直的判定及其性质第三章直线与方程3．1直线的倾斜角与斜率3．2直线的方程3．3直线的交点坐标与距离公式必修三：第一章算法初步1．1算法与程序框图1．2基本算法语句1．3算法案例第二章统计2．1随机抽样阅读与思考一个著名的案例阅读与思考广告中数据的可靠性阅读与思考如何得到敏感性问题的诚实反应2．2用样本估计总体阅读与思考生产过程中的质量控制图2．3变量间的相关关系阅读与思考相关关系的强与弱第三章概率3．1随机事件的概率阅读与思考天气变化的认识过程3．2古典概型3．3几何概型阅读与思考概率与密码必修四：第一章三角函数1．1任意角和弧度制1．2任意角的三角函数1．3三角函数的诱导公式1．4三角函数的图象与性质1．5函数y=Asin（ωx+ψ）1．6三角函数模型的简单应用第二章平面向量2．1平面向量的实际背景及基本概念2．2平面向量的线性运算2．3平面向量的基本定理及坐标表示2．4平面向量的数量积2．5平面向量应用举例第三章三角恒等变换3．1两角和与差的正弦、余弦和正切公式3．2简单的三角恒等变换必修五：第一章解三角形1．1正弦定理和余弦定理探究与发现解三角形的进一步讨论1．2应用举例阅读与思考海伦和秦九韶1．3实习作业第二章数列2．1数列的概念与简单表示法阅读与思考斐波那契数列阅读与思考估计根号下2的值2．2等差数列2．3等差数列的前n项和2．4等比数列2．5等比数列前n项和阅读与思考九连环探究与发现购房中的数学第三章不等式3．1不等关系与不等式3．2一元二次不等式及其解法3．3二元一次不等式（组）与简单的线性规划问题阅读与思考错在哪儿信息技术应用用Excel解线性规划问题举例3．4基本不等式选修1-1第一章常用逻辑用语1．1命题及其关系1．2充分条件与必要条件1．3简单的逻辑联结词1．4全称量词与存在量词第二章圆锥曲线与方程2．1椭圆探究与发现为什么截口曲线是椭圆信息技术应用用《几何画板》探究点的轨迹：椭圆2．2双曲线2．3抛物线阅读与思考圆锥曲线的光学性质及其应用第三章导数及其应用3．1变化率与导数3．2导数的计算探究与发现牛顿法──用导数方法求方程的近似解3．3导数在研究函数中的应用信息技术应用图形技术与函数性质3．4生活中的优化问题举例实习作业走进微积分选修1-2第一章统计案例1．1回归分析的基本思想及其初步应用1．2独立性检验的基本思想及其初步应用实习作业第二章推理与证明2．1合情推理与演绎证明阅读与思考科学发现中的推理2．2直接证明与间接证明第三章数系的扩充与复数的引入3．1数系的扩充和复数的概念3．2复数代数形式的四则运算第四章框图4．1流程图4．2结构图信息技术应用用Word2002绘制流程图选修2-1:第一章常用逻辑用语1.1命题及其关系1.2充分条件与必要条件1.3简单的逻辑联结词1.4全称量词与存在量词第二章圆锥曲线与方程2.1曲线与方程2.2椭圆探究与发现为什么截口曲线是椭圆信息技术应用用《几何画板》探究点的轨迹：椭圆2.3双曲线探究与发现2.4抛物线探究与发现阅读与思考第三章空间向量与立体几何3.1空间向量及其运算阅读与思考向量概念的推广与应用3.2立体几何中的向量方法选修2-2:第一章导数及其应用1.1变化率与导数1.2导数的计算1.3导数在研究函数中的应用1.4生活中的优化问题举例1.5定积分的概念1.6微积分基本定理1.7定积分的简单应用第二章推理与证明2.1合情推理与演绎推理2.2直接证明与间接证明2.3数学归纳法第三章数系的扩充与复数的引入3.1数系的扩充和复数的概念3.2复数代数形式的四则运算选修2-3 第一章计数原理1.1分类加法计数原理与分步乘法计数原理探究与发现子集的个数有多少1.2排列与组合探究与发现组合数的两个性质1.3二项式定理探究与发现“杨辉三角”中的一些秘密第二章随机变量及其分布2.1离散型随机变量及其分布列2.2二项分布及其应用阅读与思考这样的买彩票方式可行吗探究与发现服从二项分布的随机变量取何值时概率最大2.3离散型随机变量的均值与方差2.4正态分布信息技术应用μ，σ对正态分布的影响第三章统计案例3.1回归分析的基本思想及其初步应用3.2独立性检验的基本思想及其初步应用实习作业选修3-1:第一章计数原理1.1分类加法计数原理与分步乘法计数原理探究与发现子集的个数有多少1.2排列与组合探究与发现组合数的两个性质1.3二项式定理探究与发现“杨辉三角”中的一些秘密第二章随机变量及其分布2.1离散型随机变量及其分布列2.2二项分布及其应用阅读与思考这样的买彩票方式可行吗探究与发现服从二项分布的随机变量取何值时概率最大2.3离散型随机变量的均值与方差2.4正态分布信息技术应用μ，σ对正态分布的影响第三章统计案例3.1回归分析的基本思想及其初步应用3.2独立性检验的基本思想及其初步应用实习作业选修3-3第一讲从欧氏几何看球面一平面与球面的位置关系二直线与球面的位置关系和球幂定理三球面的对称性第二讲球面上的距离和角一球面上的距离二球面上的角第三讲球面上的基本图形一极与赤道二球面二角形三球面三角形1．球面三角形2．三面角3．对顶三角形4．球极三角形第四讲球面三角形一球面三角形三边之间的关系二、球面“等腰”三角形三球面三角形的周长四球面三角形的内角和第五讲球面三角形的全等1．“边边边”(s.s.s)判定定理2．“边角边”(s.a.s.)判定定理3．“角边角”(a.s.a.)判定定理4．“角角角”(a.a.a.)判定定理第六讲球面多边形与欧拉公式一球面多边形及其内角和公式二简单多面体的欧拉公式三用球面多边形的内角和公式证明欧拉公式第七讲球面三角形的边角关系一球面上的正弦定理和余弦定理二用向量方法证明球面上的余弦定理1．向量的向量积2．球面上余弦定理的向量证明三从球面上的正弦定理看球面与平面四球面上余弦定理的应用──求地球上两城市间的距离第八讲欧氏几何与非欧几何一平面几何与球面几何的比较二欧氏平行公理与非欧几何模型──庞加莱模型三欧氏几何与非欧几何的意义阅读与思考非欧几何简史选修3-4:第一讲平面图形的对称群一平面刚体运动1．平面刚体运动的定义2．平面刚体运动的性质二对称变换1．对称变换的定义2．正多边形的对称变换3．对称变换的合成4．对称变换的性质5．对称变换的逆变换三平面图形的对称群第二讲代数学中的对称与抽象群的概念一n元对称群Sn二多项式的对称变换三抽象群的概念1．群的一般概念2．直积第三讲对称与群的故事一带饰和面饰二化学分子的对称群三晶体的分类四伽罗瓦理论选修4-1:第一讲相似三角形的判定及有关性质一平行线等分线段定理二平行线分线段成比例定理三相似三角形的判定及性质1．相似三角形的判定2．相似三角形的性质四直角三角形的射影定理第二讲直线与圆的位置关系一圆周角定理二圆内接四边形的性质与判定定理三圆的切线的性质及判定定理四弦切角的性质五与圆有关的比例线段第三讲圆锥曲线性质的探讨一平行摄影二平面与圆柱面的截线三平面与圆锥面的截线选修4-2:第一讲线性变换与二阶矩阵一线性变换与二阶矩阵（一）几类特殊线性变换及其二阶矩阵1.旋转变换2.反射变换3.伸缩变换4.投影变换5.切变变换（二）变换、矩阵的相等二二阶矩阵与平面向量的乘法（二）一些重要线性变换对单位正方形区域的作用第二讲变换的复合与二阶矩阵的乘法一复合变换与二阶矩阵的乘法二矩阵乘法的性质第三讲逆变换与逆矩阵一逆变换与逆矩阵1.逆变换与逆矩阵2.逆矩阵的性质二二阶行列式与逆矩阵三逆矩阵与二元一次方程组1.二元一次方程组的矩阵形式2.逆矩阵与二元一次方程组第四讲变换的不变量与矩阵的特征向量一变换的不变量——矩阵的特征向量1.特征值与特征向量2.特征值与特征向量的计算二特征向量的应用1.Ａa的简单表示2.特征向量在实际问题中的应用选修4-5:第一讲不等式和绝对值不等式一不等式1.不等式的基本性质2.基本不等式3.三个正数的算术-几何平均不等式二绝对值不等式1.绝对值三角不等式2.绝对值不等式的解法第二讲讲明不等式的基本方法一比较法二综合法与分析法三反证法与放缩法第三讲柯西不等式与排序不等式一二维形式柯西不等式二一般形式的柯西不等式三排序不等式第四讲数学归纳法证明不等式一数学归纳法二用数学归纳法证明不等式选修4-6第一讲整数的整除一整除1.整除的概念和性质2.带余除法3.素数及其判别法二最大公因数与最小公倍数1.最大公因数2.最小公倍数三算术基本定理第二讲同余与同余方程一同余1.同余的概念2.同余的性质二剩余类及其运算三费马小定理和欧拉定理四一次同余方程五拉格朗日插值法和孙子定理六弃九验算法第三讲一次不定方程一二元一次不定方程二二元一次不定方程的特解三多元一次不定方程第四讲数伦在密码中的应用一信息的加密与去密二大数分解和公开密钥选修4-7:第一讲优选法一什么叫优选法二单峰函数三黄金分割法——0.618法1.黄金分割常数2.黄金分割法——0.618法阅读与思考黄金分割研究简史四分数法1.分数法阅读与思考斐波那契数列和黄金分割2.分数法的最优性五其他几种常用的优越法1.对分法2.盲人爬山法3.分批试验法4.多峰的情形六多因素方法1.纵横对折法和从好点出发法2.平行线法3.双因素盲人爬山法第二讲试验设计初步一正交试验设计法1.正交表2.正交试验设计3.试验结果的分析4.正交表的特性二正交试验的应用选修4-9第一讲风险与决策的基本概念一风险与决策的关系二风险与决策的基本概念1.风险（平均损失）2.平均收益3.损益矩阵4.风险型决策探究与发现风险相差不大时该如何决策第二讲决策树方法第三讲风险型决策的敏感性分析第四讲马尔可夫型决策简介一马尔可夫链简介1.马尔可夫性与马尔可夫链2.转移概率与转移概率矩阵二马尔可夫型决策简介三长期准则下的马尔可夫型决策理论1.马尔可夫链的平稳分布2.平稳分布与马尔可夫型决策的长期准则3.平稳准则的应用案例。
普通高中课程标准实验教科书—物理选修3-5人教版第十六章动量守恒定律
普通高中课程标准实验教科书—物理（选修3－5）[人教版]第十六章动量守恒定律新课标要求1．内容标准（1）探究物体弹性碰撞的一些特点。
知道弹性碰撞和非弹性碰撞。
（2）通过实验，理解动量和动量守恒定律。
能用动量守恒定律定量分析一维碰撞问题。
知道动量守恒定律的普遍意义。
（3）通过物理学中的守恒定律，体会自然界的和谐与统一。
16．1 实验：探究碰撞中的不变量★新课标要求（一）知识与技能1、明确探究碰撞中的不变量的基本思路．2、掌握同一条直线上运动的两个物体碰撞前后的速度的测量方法．3、掌握实验数据处理的方法．（二）过程与方法1、学习根据实验要求，设计实验，完成某种规律的探究方法。
2、学习根据实验数据进行猜测、探究、发现规律的探究方法。
（三）情感、态度与价值观1、通过对实验方案的设计，培养学生积极主动思考问题的习惯，并锻炼其思考的全面性、准确性与逻辑性。
2、通过对实验数据的记录与处理，培养学生实事求是的科学态度，能使学生灵活地运用科学方法来研究问题，解决问题，提高创新意识。
3、在对实验数据的猜测过程中，提高学生合作探究能力。
4、在对现象规律的语言阐述中，提高了学生的语言表达能力，还体现了各学科之间的联系，可引伸到各事物间的关联性，使自己溶入社会。
★教学重点及难点本节教学重点是实验方案的设计与筛选;难点是通过实验数据的分析得出物体碰撞前后的不变量.★教学方法教师启发、引导，学生自主实验，讨论、交流学习成果。
★教学用具：投影片，多媒体辅助教学设备；完成该实验实验室提供的实验器材，如气垫导轨、滑块等★课时安排1 课时★教学过程（一）引入新课师：之前，我们分别从动力学的角度、能量的角度研究了物体的运动规律，从今天开始我们将从另一个角度来学习研究物体运动规律的方法，也就是动量。
这节课我们就来学习第十六章第一节实验：探究碰撞中的不变量。
师：提到碰撞现象，不但生活中到处可见，大到宏观天体之间、小到微观粒子之间也同样存在着碰撞。
人教版课标高中政治目录
人教版课标高中政治目录人教版课标高中政治目录普通高中课程标准实验教科书思想政治（2021）必修1 经济生活第一单元生活与消费第一课神奇的货币揭开货币的神秘面纱信用工具和外汇第二课多变的价格影响价格的因素价格变动的影响第三课多彩的消费树立正确的消费观综合探究正确对待金钱第二单元生产、劳动与经营第四课生产与经济制度发展生产满足消费我国的基本经济制度第五课企业与劳动者新时代的劳动者第六课投资理财的选择储蓄存款和商业银行股票、债券和保险综合探究做好就业与自主创业的准备第三单元收入与分配第七课个人收入的分配按劳分配为主体多种分配方式并存收入分配与社会公平第八课财政与税收国家财政征税和纳税综合探究提高效率促进公平第四单元发展社会主义市场经济第九课走进社会主义市场经济社会主义市场经济第十课社会发展观和小康社会的经济建设全面建设小康社会的经济目标又好又快科学发展第十一课经济全球化与对外开放面对经济全球化积极参与国际经济竞争与合作综合探究经济全球化与中国必修2 政治生活第一单元公民的政治生活第一课生活在人民当家作主的国家人民民主专政：本质是人民当家作主政治权利与义务：参与政治生活的基础和准则政治生活：有序参与第二课我国公民的政治参与民主选举：投出理性一票民主决策：作出最佳选择民主管理：共创幸福生活民主监督：守望公共家园综合探究有序与无序的政治参与第二单元为人民服务的政府第三课我们政府是人民的政府政府的职能：管理与服务政府的责任：对人民负责第四课我国政府受人民的监督政府的权力：依法行使权力的行使：需要监督综合探究政府的权威从何而来第三单元发展社会主义民主政治第五课我国的人民代表大会制度人民代表大会：国家权力机关人民代表大会制度：我国的根本政治制度第六课我国的政党制度中国共产党执政：历史和人民的选择中国共产党：以人为本执政为民共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度：中国特色的政党制度第七课我国的民族区域自治制度及宗教政策处理民族关系的原则：平等、团结、共同繁荣民族区域自治制度：适合国情的基本政治制度我国的宗教政策综合探究社会主义民主政治的特点和优势第四单元当代国际社会第八课走近国际社会国际社会的主要成员：主权国家和国际组织国际关系的决定性因素：国家利益第九课维护世界和平促进共同发展和平与发展：时代的主题世界多极化：不可逆转我国外交政策的宗旨：维护世界和平促进共同发展必修3 文化生活第一单元文化与生活第一课文化与社会体味文化文化与经济、政治第二课文化对人的影响感受文化影响文化塑造人生综合探究聚焦文化竞争力第二单元文化传承与创新第三课文化的多样性与文化传播世界文化的多样性文化在交流中传播第四课文化的继承性与文化发展传统文化的继承文化在继承中发展第五课文化创新文化创新的源泉和作用文化创新的途径综合探究建设“学习型社会” 第三单元中华文化与民族精神第六课我们的中华文化源远流长的中华文化博大精深的中华文化第七课我们的民族精神永恒的中华民族精神弘扬中华民族精神综合探究铸牢中华民族的精神支柱第四单元发展中国特色社会主义文化第八课走进文化生活色彩斑斓的文化生活在文化生活中选择第九课推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣坚持先进文化的前进方向建设社会主义精神文明第十课文化发展的中心环节加强思想道德建设思想道德修养与科学文化修养综合探究感悟当代中国的先进文化必修4 生活与哲学第一单元生活智慧与时代精神第一课美好生活的向导生活处处有哲学关于世界观的学说第二课百舸争流的思想哲学的基本问题唯物主义和唯心主义第三课时代精神的精华真正的哲学都是自己时代的精神上的精华哲学史上的伟大变革综合探究走进哲学问辩人生第二单元探索世界与追求真理第四课探究世界的本质世界的物质性认识运动把握规律第五课把握思维的奥妙意识的本质意识的作用第六课求索真理的历程人的认识从何而来在实践中追求和发展真理综合探究求真务实与时俱进第三单元思想方法与创新意识第七课唯物辩证法的联系观世界是普遍联系的用联系的观点看问题第八课唯物辩证法的发展观世界是永恒发展的用发展的观点看问题第九课唯物辩证法的实质与核心矛盾是事物发展的源泉和动力用对立统一的观点看问题第十课创新意识与社会进步树立创新意识是唯物辩证法的要求创新是民族进步的灵魂综合探究坚持唯物辩证法反对形而上学第四单元认识社会与价值选择第十一课寻觅社会的真谛社会发展的规律社会历史的主体第十二课实现人生的价值价值与价值观价值判断与价值选择价值的创造与实现综合探究坚定理想铸就辉煌选修2 经济学常识专题一古典经济学巨匠的理论遗产 1 斯密的理论贡献 2 斯密的政策主张 3 李嘉图的理论贡献 4 李嘉图的政策主张专题二马克思主义经济学的伟大贡献 1 马克思主义政治经济学的创立 2 马克思的劳动价值理论 3 马克思的剩余价值理论 4 马克思的经济危机理论专题三西方国家现代市场经济的兴起于主要模式 1 罗斯福新政 2 凯恩斯革命 3 新自由主义4 西方国家现代市场经济主要模式专题四社会主义经济理论的初期探讨 1 列宁对社会主义经济理论的探索 2 斯大林对社会主义经济理论的探索 3 毛泽东对社会主义经济建设的理论探索 4 毛泽东对社会主义商品经济的认识专题五中国社会主义市场经济的探索 1 我国计划经济体制的形成及其作用 2 对社会主义市场经济理论的探索 3 建立社会主义市场经济体制 4 完善社会主义市场经济体制。
人教版《英语必修》普通高中课程标准实验教科书
Unit1survey /s?:'vei/n.检查；测试addup共计upset /?p'set/ adj.心慌意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安 ,使心烦ignore /ig'n?:/ vt.不搭理；忽略calm /kɑ:m/ vt.vi.( 使)沉静； (使 )镇定 adj.沉静的；冷静的；沉稳的calmdown (使)沉静下来； (使)镇定下来havegotto不得不;一定concern /k?n's?:n/ vt.(使)担忧；波及；关系到 n.担忧；关注； (利害 )关系beconcernedabout 关怀；牵挂walkthedog遛狗loose /lu:s/ adj.松的；松开的vet /vet/n.兽医gothrough经历；达成；检查Amsterdam /'?mst?d?m/ n.阿姆斯特丹 (荷兰国都 )Netherlands /'nee?l?ndz/n.荷兰Jewish /'d?u(:)i?/adj.犹太人的；犹太族的German /'d??:m?n/ adj.德国的；德国人的；德语的 n.德国人；德语Nazi /'nɑ:tsi:/ n.纳粹党人 adj.纳粹党的setdown记下；登记；放下series /'si?ri:z/n.连续；系列aseriesof一系列的，一连串的；一套Kitty /'kiti/n.基蒂 (女名 )outdoors /'aut'd?:z/ad.在户外；在野外spellbind /'spelbaind/ v.迷住；诱惑onpurpose成心inorderto为了dusk /d?sk/n.傍晚；夜晚atdust在傍晚时辰thunder /' θ?nd?/ vi.打雷；雷鸣 n.雷；雷声entire /in'tai?/ adj.整个的；完整的；所有的entirely /in'tai?li/ ad.完整地；全然地；整个地power /'pau?/ n.能力 ;力量 ;权利 facetoface 当面地curtain /'k?:tn/n.窗帘；门帘；幕布dusty /'d?sti/ adj.积满尘埃的nolonger 不再 ...notanylonger不再...partner /'pɑ:tn?/n.伙伴；合作者；合伙人settle /'setl/ vi.安家；定居；逗留vt.使定居；安排；解决suffer /'s?f?/ vt.vi 遭到；忍耐；经历sufferfrom遭到；生病loneliness /'l?unlinis/n.孤独；孤独highway /'haiwei/n.公路；大路；高速公路recover /ri'k?v?/vi.vt. 康复；恢复；从头获取gettiredof 对...讨厌betiredof 对...讨厌pack /p?k/ vi.vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李n.小包；包裹suitcase/'sju:tkeis/n.手提箱；衣箱Margot /'mɑ:gou/ n.玛格特 (女名 )overcoat/'?uv?k?ut/ n.大衣；外衣teenager n.十几岁的青少年getalongwith 与...相处；进展gossip /'g?sip/ vi.n.闲话；闲聊fallinlove相爱；爱上exactly/ig'z?ktli,ig'z?kli/ adv.的确这样；正是；切实地disagree/'dis?'gri:/vi. 不一样意grateful/'greitful/adj.感谢的；表示谢意的dislike/dis'laik/ n.vt.不喜爱；憎恶joinin参加；加入tip /tip/ n.提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费 vt.倾斜；翻倒secondly /'sek?ndli/ adv.第二；其次swap /sw?p/ vt.互换item /'ait?m/ n.项目；条款Unit2subway /'s?bwei/n.地下人行道；地铁elevator /'eliveit?/n.电梯；起落机petrol /'petr?l/n.汽油gas /g?s/n.汽油；气体；煤气；毒气official /?'fi??l/ adj.官方的；正式的；公事的voyage /v?id?/ n.航行；航海conquer /'k??k?/ vt.征服；占据becauseof因为；因为native /'neitiv/ adj.本国的；当地的 n.当地人；本国人Amy /'eimi/ n.艾米comeup走近；上来；提出apartment /?'pɑ:tm?nt/ n.公寓住所；单元住所actually /'?ktju?li/ ad.实质上；事实上AD /?d/公元base /beis/ vt.以...为依据 n.基部；基地；基础atpresent在；当前gradual /'gr?dju?l/ adj.逐的；逐渐的gradually /'gr?dju?li/ adv.逐地；逐渐地Danish /'deini?/ n.丹麦 adj.丹麦的；丹麦人的；丹麦的 enrich/in'rit?/ vt.使富饶；充；改良vocabulary /v?'k?bjul?ri/ n.；量；表Shakespeare /'?eikspi?/ n.莎士比 makeuseof 利用；使用spelling /'speli?/ n.拼写；拼法SamuelJohnson 塞 .翰NoahWebster厄.伯斯特latter /'l?t?/ adj.后的；后半的；后者的identity /ai'dentiti/ n.自己；本体；身份fluent /'flu(:)?nt/ adj.流畅的；流的fluently adv.流畅地；流地Singapore /'si?g?'p?:/n.新加坡Malaysia /m?'lei??/ n.来西suchas比如⋯；像种的frequent /'fri:kw?nt/ adj.繁的；常的 frequently/'fri:kw?ntli/ adv.经常；繁地 usage /'ju:zid?/ n.使用；用法；用法 command /k?'mɑ:nd/ n.vt.命令；指令；掌握 request /ri'kwest/ n.vt.求；要求dialect /'dai?lekt/n.方言expression /iks'pre??n/ n.；表示；表达 midwestern/'mid'west?n/ adj.中西部的 ;有中西部特征的 African/'?frik?n/ adj.非洲的；非洲人的；非洲言的Spanish /'sp?ni?/ adj.西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙的 n.西班牙人；西班牙playapart(in) 饰演一个角色 ;参加eastern /'i:st?n/ adj.方的；部的southeastern /sauθ'i:st?n/ adj.南方的；来自南的northwestern /'n?: θ'west?n/ adj.西北方的；来自西北的recognize /'rek?gnaiz/ vt.辨出；承；公lorry /'l?ri/ n.卡Lori n.Houston /'hju:st?n/ n.休斯Texas /'teks?s/ n.德克斯州accent /'?ks?nt,?k'sent/ n.口音 ,腔 ,重音Buford n.布福德Lester /'lest?/n.莱斯特catfish /'k?t'fi?/ n.lightning /'laitni?/n.闪电straight /streit/ adv.直接；挺直 adj.直的；笔挺的；正直的block /bl?k/ n.街区；块；木块；石块cab /k?b/n.出租车Unit3journal /'d??:nl/n.日志；杂志；按期刊物transport /tr?ns'p?:t/ n.运送；运输 vt.运输；运送prefer /pri'f?:/ vt.更喜爱；选择某事物disadvantage /'dis?d'vɑ:ntid?/n.不利条件；不便之处fare /f??/n.花费route /ru:t/n.路线；路程Mekong /'mei'k??/湄公河flow /fl?u/ vi. 流动；流出 n.流动；流量eversince从那此后persuade /p?:'sweid/ vt.说服；劝告cycle /'saikl/ vi.骑自行车graduate /'gr?djueit/ vi.毕业 n.大学毕业生finally /'fain?li/ adv.最后；终于schedule /'?edju:l/ n.时间表；进度表 vt.为某事安排时间fond /f?nd/ adj.喜爱的；慈祥的；喜爱的befondof喜爱；喜爱shortcoming /??:t'k?mi?/n.弊端stubborn /'st?b?n/adj.固执的；执拗的organize /'?:g?naiz/ vt.组织；成立careabout关怀；忧愁；挂念detail /'di:teil/n.细节；详情source /s?:s/n.根源；水源determine /di't?:min/ vt.决定；确立；下定信心determined /di't?:mind/ adj.果断的；有信心的changeone'smind 改变想法 journey /'d??:ni/ n.旅游；旅途altitude /'?ltitju:d/n.海拔高度；高处makeupone'smind下信心；决定givein投诚；折服；退步atlas /'?tl?s/n.地图；地图集glacier /'gl?sj?/n.冰河；冰川Tibetan /ti'bet?n/ adj.西藏的；藏族的；藏族人的 n.藏语；西藏人；藏族人rapids n.急流valley /'v?li/ n.(山)谷；流域waterfall /'w?:t?f?:l/n.瀑布pace /peis/ vi. 迟缓而行；踱步n.一步；速度；步伐bend /bend/ n.弯；拐角 vt.使曲折 vi.弯身；哈腰meander /mi'?nd?/ n.曲折迟缓流动 delta /'delt?/ n.三角洲attitude /'?titju:d/n.态度；看法Qomolangma n.珠穆朗玛峰boil /b?il/ vi.沸腾； (水)开forecast /'f?:k ɑ:st/ n.vt.展望；预告parcel /'pɑ:sl/n.小包；包裹insurance /in'?u?r?ns/n.保险wool /wul/n.羊毛；毛织品asusual照旧reliable /ri'lai?bl/adj.可信任的；靠谱的view /vju:/ n.景色；视线；看法；看法 vt.观看；凝视；考虑 yak /j?k/ n.牦牛pillow /'pil?u/n.枕头；枕垫midnight /'midnait/n.子夜；子夜atmidnight在子夜flame /fleim/n.火焰；光辉；热忱beneath/bi'ni: / θprep.在...下边Laos /lauz/ n.老挝 adj.老挝人的temple /'templ/n.庙宇；寺庙cave /keiv/n.洞窟；地窖Unit4earthquake /'?: θkweik/n.地震quake /kweik/ n.地震rightaway马上；马上well /wel/n.井crack /kr?k/ n.裂痕；噼啪声 vt.vi.( 使)开裂；破碎smelly /'smeli/ adj.发臭的；有臭味的farmyard /'f ɑ:mjɑ:d/n.农场；农家pipe /paip/n.管；导管burst /b?:st/ vi.爆裂；迸发 n.忽然破碎；迸发million /'milj?n/ n.百万event /i'vent/n.事件；大事asif忧如；仿佛atanend结束；终结nation /'nei??n/n.民族；国家；公民canal /k?'n?l/n.运河；水道steam /sti:m/n.蒸汽；水汽dirt /d?:t/n.污垢；泥土ruin /'ruin/ n.废墟；破坏 vt.破坏；使破产inruins严重受损；破败不堪suffering /'s?f?ri?/n.磨难；难过extreme /iks'tri:m/adj.极度的injure /'ind??/ vt.伤害；伤害survivor /s?'vaiv?/ n.幸存者；生还者；残余物destroy /dis'tr?i/ vt.损坏；破坏；消灭brick /brik/n.砖；砖块dam /d?m/n.水坝；堰堤track /tr?k/n.轨道；踪迹；印迹useless /'ju:zlis/ adj.无用的；无效的；无益的shock /??k/ vt.vi.( 使)震撼；震动 n.休克；打击；震撼rescue /'reskju:/ n.vt.援救；救援trap /tr?p/ vt.使堕入窘境 n.圈套；窘境electricity /ilek'trisiti/n.电；电流；电学disaster /di'zɑ:st?/n.灾害；灾害digout掘出；发现bury /'beri/ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐蔽mine /main/n.矿；矿山；矿井miner /'main?/n.矿工shelter /'?elt?/n.遮蔽；遮蔽处；避身处agreatnumberof很多；大批的title /'taitl/n.标题；头衔；资格reporter /ri'p?:t?/n.记者bar /bɑ:/n.条；棒；条状物damage /'d?mid?/n.vt.损失；伤害frighten /'fraitn/ vt.使惊吓；恐吓frightened adj.吃惊的；受恫吓的frightening adj.令人惧怕的congratulation /k?n'gr?tju'lei??n/ n.庆祝；贺词 judge /d??d?/ n.评判员；法官 vt.判定；判断；裁决 sincerely /sin'si?li/ adv.真挚地；诚挚地express /iks'pres/ vt.表示；表达 n.快车；速递outline /'aut-lain/ n.重点；纲领；轮廓 headline/'hedlain/ n.报刊的大字标题 cyclist /'saiklist/ n.骑自行车的人Unit5NelsonMandela纳尔逊.曼德拉quality /'kw?liti/n.质量；质量；性质warm-hearted adj.热情肠的mean /mi:n/ adj.小气的；自私的；鄙俗的active /'?ktiv/ adj.踊跃的；活跃的generous /'d?en?r?s/ adj.大方的；大方的easy-going adj.平和的；平和宽容的self /self/n.自我；自己selfish /'selfi?/adj.自私的selfless /'selflis/ adj.无私的；忘我的selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地devote /di'v?ut/ vt.献身；专心于devoted /di'v?utid/adj.忠实的；深爱的WilliamTyndale 威廉 .廷代尔Bible /'baibl/n.圣经NormanBethune诺曼.白求恩invader /in'veid?/ n.侵略者found /faund/ vt.成立；建设republic /ri'p?blik/n.共和国；共和政体principle /'prins?pl/n.法例；原则；原理nationalism /'n???n?lizm/ n.民族主义；国家主义livelihood /'laivlihud/n.生计；糊口MohandasGandhi莫罕达斯.甘地peaceful /'pi:sful/ adj.和平的；沉静的；平和的giant /'d?ai?nt/ adj.巨大的；宏大的leap /li:p/n.飞腾；跳跃mankind /m?n'kaind/n.人类Elias /i'lai?s/n.伊莱亚斯lawyer /'l?:j?/n.律师guidance /'gaid?ns/n.指导；领导legal /'li:gl/adj.法律的；依据法律的fee /fi:/n.费；酬金passbook /'p?sbuk/ n.南非共和国有色人种的身份证Johannesburg /d?ou'h?nisb?:g/ n.约翰内斯堡outofwork 失业hopeful /'h?upful/ adj.怀有希望的；有希望的ANC 非国大youth /ju: /θ n.青年；青年期间league /li:g/n.联盟；结盟；结合会YouthLeague青年团stage /steid?/n.舞台；阶段；期间vote /v?ut/ vt.vi. 投票；选举 n.投票；选票；表决attack /?'t?k/ vt.攻击；攻击；抨击 violence/'vai?l?ns/ n.暴力；暴行asamatteroffact事实上blowup使充气；爆炸equal /'i:kw?l/ adj.相等的；同等的introuble 在危险、受罚、难过、忧愁等的处境中willing /'wili?/ adj.愿意的；自发的unfair /'?n'f??/adj.不公正的；不公正的turnto求援于；致力于quote /kw?ut/n.引用语；语录release /ri'li:s/ vt.开释；刊行loseheart丧失勇气或信心RobbenIsland罗本岛escape /is'keip/ vi.逃脱；逃脱；泄漏blanket /'bl??kit/n.毛毯；毯子educate /'edju(:)keit/ vt.教育；训练educated /'ed?ukeitid/ adj.受过教育的；有修养的cometopower 当权；登台 beg /beg/ vt.恳求；恳求relative /'rel?tiv/n.亲戚；家属terror /'ter?/ n.恐惧；可怕的人；恐惧期间；恐惧活动cruelty /'kru?lti/ n.残忍；残忍reward /ri'w?:d/ n.酬劳；奖金 vt.酬金；奖励Transkei n.特兰斯凯setup建立；成立sentence /'sent?ns/ vt.裁决；宣判besentencedto 被判处 ...（徒刑）anti-反；抗；阻anti-black adj.反黑人的CapeTown开普敦president /'prezid?nt/ n.总统；会长；校长；行长NobelPeacePrize 诺贝尔和平奖opinion /?'pinj?n/ n.建议；看法；主张。
(人教版)普通高中课程标准实验教科书(必修)语文目1
（人教版）普通高中课程标准实验教科书（必修）语文目录第一册1、*沁园春长沙.....................................毛泽东2、诗两首雨巷.................................戴望舒再别康桥.............................................徐志摩3、大堰河--我的保姆.................................艾青4、*中外短诗五首断章...............................................................卞之琳风雨...............................................................芦荻错误...............................................................郑愁予回旋舞......................................................保尔·福尔在一个地铁车站................................................庞德第二单元5、兰亭集序....................................................王羲之6、赤壁赋......................................................苏轼7、*山中与裴秀才迪书..........................................王维8、*游褒禅山记................................................王安石第三单元9、记念刘和珍君................................................鲁迅10、小狗包弟..................................................巴金11、*记梁任公先生的一次演讲............................梁实秋12、*金岳霖先生................................................汪曾祺第四单元13、短新闻两篇别了，“不列颠尼亚”..............................周婷杨兴奥斯维辛没有什么新闻.......................................罗森塔尔14、包身工.................................................夏衍15、*寻找时传祥--重访精神高原................孙德宏16、*飞向太空的航程....................贾永曹智白瑞雪表达交流心音共鸣写触动心灵的人和事亲近自然写景要抓住特征人性光辉写人要凸显个性“黄河九曲”写事要有点波澜朗诵梳理探究优美的汉字奇妙的对联新词新语与流行文化名著导读《论语》《大卫·科波菲尔》第二册阅读鉴赏第一单元1、荷塘月色.........................................朱自清2、故都的秋.........................................郁达夫3、*囚绿记.........................................陆蠡4、*瓦尔登湖.......................................梭罗第二单元5、《诗经》两首氓采薇6、离骚.............................................屈原7、《孔雀东南飞》（并序）8、*诗三首涉江采芙蓉《古诗十九首》短歌行...............................................曹操归国田居（其一）.....................................陶渊明第三单元9、烛之武退秦师.....................................《左传》10、荆轲刺秦王.....................................《战国策》11、鸿门宴...........................................司马迁12、*召公谏厉王弭谤..................................《国语》第四单元13、就任北京大学校长之演说..........................蔡元培14、我有一个梦想....................................马丁·路德·金15、*在马克思墓前的讲话..............................恩格斯16 *近代科学进入中国的回顾与前瞻.....................杨振宁表达交流直面挫折学习描写美的发现学习抒情园丁赞歌学习选取记叙的角度想像世界学习虚构演讲梳理探究成语：中华文化的微缩景观修辞无处不在姓氏源流与文化寻根名著导读《家》《巴黎圣母院》第三册阅读鉴赏第一单元1、林黛玉进贾府........................................曹雪芹2、祝福................................................鲁迅3、*十八岁出门远行....................................余华4、*老人与海..........................................海明威第二单元5、蜀道难.............................................李白6、杜甫诗三首秋兴八首（其一）咏怀古迹（其三）登高7、琵琶行并序..........................................白居易8、*李商隐诗两首锦瑟马嵬（其二）第三单元9、寡人之于国也.......................................《孟子》10、劝学.............................................《荀子》11、*过秦论............................................贾谊12、*师说..............................................韩愈第四单元13、动物游戏之谜......................................周立明14、宇宙的边疆.......................................卡尔·萨根15、*凤蝶外传..........................................董纯才16、*一名物理学家的教育历程............................加来道雄表达交流多思善想学习选取立论的角度学会宽容学习选择和使用论据善待生命学习论证爱的奉献学习议论中的记叙讨论梳理探究交际中的语言运用文学作品的个性化解读语文学习的自我评价名著导读《红楼梦》《高老头》第四册阅读鉴赏第一单元1、窦娥冤...............................................关汉卿2、雷雨.................................................曹禹3、*长亭送别...........................................王实甫4、*哈姆莱特...........................................莎士比亚第二单元5、柳永词两首望海潮（东南形胜）雨霖铃（寒蝉凄切）6、苏轼词两首念奴娇·赤壁怀古定风波（莫听穿林打叶声）7、辛弃疾词两首水龙吟·登建康赏心亭永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古8、*李清照词两首醉花阴（薄雾浓云愁永昼）声声慢（寻寻觅觅）第三单元9、拿来主义.................................................鲁迅10、父母与孩子之间的爱 .....................................弗罗姆11、*语言生活的历史进程.....................................周有光12、*短文三篇热爱生命..................................................蒙田人是一根能思想的苇草......................................帕斯卡尔信条......................................................富尔格姆第四单元13、廉颇蔺相如列传.........................................司马迁14、苏武传.................................................班固15、张衡传.................................................范晔16、*李贺小传...............................................李商隐表达交流解读时间学习横向展开议论发现幸福学习纵向展开议论确立自信学习反驳善于思辨学习辩证分析辩论梳理探究逻辑和语文学习走近文学大师影视文化名著导读莎士比亚戏剧《谈美》第五册阅读鉴赏第一单元1、林教头风雪山神庙.....................................施耐庵2、装在套子里的人.......................................契诃夫3、*边城...............................................沈从文4、*哦，香雪...........................................铁凝第二单元5．归去来兮辞（并序）...................................陶渊明6、滕王阁序.............................................王勃7、*逍遥游..........................................庄周8 、*陈情表..........................................李密第三单元9、咬文嚼字...........................................朱光潜10、孟浩然...........................................闻一多11、*说“木叶”.......................................林庚12、*谈中国诗.........................................钱钟书第四单元13、中国建筑的特征...................................梁思成14、作为生物的社会...................................刘易斯·托马斯15、*指印.............................................丹齐克16、*宇宙的未来.......................................史蒂芬·霍金表达交流缘事析理学习写得深刻讴歌亲情学习写得充实锤炼思想学习写得有文采注重创新学习写得新颖访谈梳理探究文言词语和句式古代文化常识有趣的语言翻译名著导读《三国演义》《堂吉诃德》。
(人教版选修)普通高中课程标准实验教科书高二语文目录
体验与探究编辑《散文报》
（三）《外国诗歌散文欣赏》目录（部分）
诗歌欣赏
第一单元
导言
讲读
1、老虎
2、秋歌
3、三棵树
思考与探究
第二单元
导言
讲读
1、故乡
2、西风颂
3、当你老了
思考与探究
第三单元
导言
讲读
1、漫游者的夜歌
（人教版选修）普通高中课程标准实验教科书
高二语文目录
（一）《中国古代，知人论世
赏析指导
赏析示例
长恨歌/白居易
自主赏析
湘夫人/屈原
拟行路难(其四)/鲍照
蜀相/杜甫
书愤/陆游
推荐作品
咏怀八十二首(其一)/阮籍
杂诗十二首(其二)/陶渊明
越中览古/李白
一剪梅/李清照
（四）《先秦诸子选读》目录
概说
第一单元《论语》选读
一、天下有道，丘不与易也
二、当仁，不让于师
三、知之为知之，不知为不知
四、己所不欲，勿施于人
五、不义而富且贵，于我如浮云
六、有教无类
七、好仁不好学，其蔽也愚
第二单元《孟子》选读
一、王好战，请以战喻
二、王何必曰利
三、民为贵
四、乐民之乐，优民之忧
五、人和
六、我善养吾浩然之气
第一节、看我“七十二变”——多义词
第二节、词语的兄弟姐妹——同义词
第三节、每年一部“新词典”——新词语
第四节、中华文化的智慧之花——熟语
第五课、言之有“理”
第一节、“四两拨千斤”——虚词
第二节、句子“手牵手”——复句和关联词
普通高中课程标准实验教科书人教版英语必修1电子课文Reading,Readingtask,UsingLanguage
普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1Unit 1 Friendship-ReadingANNE'S BEST FRIENDDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepestfeelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, orwould not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the firstkind, so she made her diary her best friend.Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family wasJewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She andher family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, "I don't want to setdown a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to bemy friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty." Now read how she felt after being in thehiding place since July 1942.Thursday 15, June, 1944I wonder if it’s because I haven’t’ been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve g crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept mespellbound. That’s changed since I was here.…For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven oneevening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gavefar too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was o pen. I didn’t go downstairs until thewindow had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held meentirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night fface.…sadly…I am only able t o look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dustywindows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing thatreally must be experienced.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1Unit 1 Friendship-Reading TaskFRIENDSHIP IN HAWAIIEvery culture has its own ways to show friendship. On the islands of Hawaii,friendship is part of the "aloha spirit". In the language of the Hawaiians who firstsettled the islands long ago, aloha had a very special meaning. That is "to be withhappiness".Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to lovetheir people or community. This is the second most important sign of friendship. Itis called lokahi in the Hawaiian language, which means "oneness with all people".To enjoy the land you should not be selfish. The land is for everyone who lives on it.Today many different peoples call Hawaii their home. Indeed, Hawaii is a placewhere people make one big community from many smaller communities. Eachperson gives kokua (help) to other people so that all feel stronger. It is believed thatthe islands can be a paradise when people live in peace. People are told that theiractions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. When problemshappen, people are asked to solve them with understanding. So when the people ofHawaii talk about ohana (family), they are really talking about all those who live onthe islands.Living in peace, Hawaiians have developed a third sign of friendship. Thispersonal friendship is shown by giving leis to one another. The lei, a string offlowers, is put over a friend's neck. Then the friend is given a kiss on the cheek.Visitors to the islands are also given leis. When they hear aloha, visitors begin tofeel at home. Aloha also means "goodbye", so visitors will hear it again when theyleave. It can also mean "our hearts singing together". Perhaps this is how mostvisitors will remember their new friendship.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 1 Friendship-Using Language普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 2 English around the world-ReadingTHE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISHAt the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from Englandmade voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, Englishbegan to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English astheir first, second or a foreign language than ever before.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak thesame kind of English. Look at this example:British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?American Amy: Yes. I'd like to come up to your apartment.So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change anddevelop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the Englishspoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from theEnglish spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak atpresent. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less likeGerman because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. Soby the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than everbefore. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th centurysome British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken inboth countries.Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two bigchanges in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionaryand later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. Forexample, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britainruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language forgovernment and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia andcountries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learningEnglish in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest numberof English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time willtell.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 2 English around the world-Reading TaskTHE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARYYou may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, manycenturies. The spelling of English has always been a problem but it was more of aproblem in the days before a dictionary. Then people could spell words in differentways which you might find interesting. But it made reading English much moredifficult. So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same.In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn't made until the timeof the late Qing Dynasty. Three men did most of the important early work ondictionaries: Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray. These men spentnearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries. For them, itwasn't only a job; it was a wonderful journey of discovery. The largest dictionary inthe world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short. The idea for thisdictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-two yearslater, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary.Murray had never been to college. At the age of fourteen, he left his villageschool in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. Later he became agreat teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a place built in the gardenbehind his house to do his work. Part of it was one metre underground. In winter itfelt like a barn, he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm.Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o'clock and worked several hoursbefore breakfast. Often he would work by candle light into the evening. Murrayhoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was stilladding words for the letter A! Then others went to work with Murray, including histwo daughters. He worked on the dictionary until he was very old. Forty-four yearslater, in 1928, other editors finished it. It included more than 15,000 words in twelvebooks. And you thought your English dictionary was big!普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 2 English around the world-Using LanguageSTANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, Indiaand New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news wereexpected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will heardifferences in the way people speak.Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Some people who live in themountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. WhenAmericans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. Sopeople from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the samedialect as people in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country in whichmany different dialects are spoken. Although many Americans move a lot, they stillrecognize and understand each other's dialects.When people use words and expressions different from the "standard language",it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially themidwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some partsof the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently. AmericanEnglish has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1Unit 3 Travel journal-ReadingJOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONGPART1 THE DREAM AND THE PLANMy name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I havedreamed about taking a great bike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensivemountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she visited ourcousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming. They are Dai and grewup in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of theriver that is called the Mekong River in other countries. Wang Wei soon got theminterested in cycling too. After graduating from college, we finally got the chance totake a bike trip. I asked my sister, "Where are we going?" It was my sister who firsthad the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where itends. Now she is planning our schedule tor the trip.I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. She can be reallystubborn. Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insistedthat she organize the trip properly. Now I know that the proper way is always herway. I kept asking her, "When are we leaving and when are we coming back?" Iasked her whether she had looked at a map yet. Of course she hadn't; my sisterdoesn't care about details. So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in QinghaiProvince. She gave me a determined look - the kind that said she would not changeher mind. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of morethan5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it. When I told her the air wouldbe hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interestingexperience. I know my sister well. Once she has made up her mind, nothing canchange it. Finally, I had to give in.Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found alarge atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography. From the atlaswe could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain. Atfirst the river is small and the water is clear and cold. Then it begins to movequickly. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling acrosswestern Yunnan Province. Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enterswide valleys. We were both surprised to learn that half of the fiver is in China. Afterit leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm. As itenters Southeast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide bends or meanders throughlow valleys to the plains where rice grows. At last, the fiver delta enters the SouthChina Sea.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 3 Travel Journal-Reading TaskJOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONGPART 6 THE END OF OUR JOURNEYCambodia was in many ways similar to Laos, although it has twice the population.At another inn, we talked with a teacher who told us that half of the people in hercountry couldn't read or write. Her village couldn't even afford to build a school, soshe had to teach outside under a large tent. When we said goodbye, we all felt verylucky to have studied in college. Back on the road, we passed between many hillsand forests. Then we came to the plains and entered Phnom Penh(金边), the capital of Cambodia. In many ways it looked like Vientiane and Ho Chi Minh City; it alsohad wide streets with trees in rows and old French houses. Unlike Vientiane, shipscould travel the Mekong River here. In the centre of the city we visited the palaceand saw a beautiful white elephant. It can only be seen outside the palace onspecial days. We ate an early supper and went to see a great temple with floorsmade of silver.The next morning our group slept late. We were very tired from the long bike ridethe day before. Cycling in the hills had been difficult. Now our cousins had thechance to make jokes about Wang Wei and me. Perhaps, they said, they were thestrong ones! We had lunch at a nice outdoor cafe. then rode out of the city. Twodays later we crossed the border into Vietnam. We began to see many more people,but I wasn't surprised. I read in an atlas before our trip that Vietnam has almostseven times the population of Cambodia. We met a farmer who gave us directionsand told us that he grows a new rice crop four times every year so he can feed morepeople. He also told us that the northern part of his country has many mountainsand it is much cooler than here in the south, where it is flat. Although the flat deltamade it easier for us to cycle, we got warm very quickly. So we drank lots of waterand ate lots of bananas. Soon the delta separated into nine smaller rivers.Two days later, after we had passed thousands of rice fields, we came to the sea.We were tired but also in high spirits: our dream to cycle along the Mekong Riverhad finally come true.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 3 Travel Journal-Using LanguageJOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONGAlthough it was autumn, the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet. Our legswere so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice. Have you ever seensnowmen ride bicycles? That's what we looked like! Along the way childrendressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us. In the late afternoon we found itwas so cold that our water bottles froze. However, the lakes shone like glass in thesetting sun and looked wonderful. Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. She isvery reliable and I knew I didn't need to encourage her. To climb the mountains washard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view. We seemedto be able to see for miles. At one point we were so high that we found ourselvescycling through clouds. Then we began going down the hills. It was great funespecially as it gradually became much warmer. In the valleys colorful butterfliesflew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass. At this pointwe had to change our caps, coats, gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.In the early evening we always stop to make camp. We put up our tent and thenwe eat. After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleepbut I stayed awake. At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.It was so quiet. There was almost no wind - only the flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and YuHang will join us. We can hardly wait to see them!普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes-ReadingA NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEPStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For threedays the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed thatthe well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In thefarmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out ofthe fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. Atabout 3:00 am on July 28,1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The soundof planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were inthe sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But theone million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep asusual that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20thcentury had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundredkilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eightkilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steamburst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteenterrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands offamilies were killed and many children were left without parents. The number ofpeople who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they lookednearly every thing was destroyed. All of the city's hospitals,75% of its factories andbuildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like redautumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and mostof the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were nowuseless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wellsinstead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another bigquake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of therescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long thedisaster would last.All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes the army sent 150,000 soldiers toTangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people werehelped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to burythe dead. To the north of the city, most of the10,000 miners were rescued from thecoal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had beendestroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, thecity began to breathe again.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes-Reading TaskTHE STORY OF AN EYEWITNESSby Jack LondonNever before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. San Franciscois gone. Nothing is left of it but memories and some houses far from the centre ofthe city. Its businesses are gone. The factories, hotels and palaces are all gone too.Within an hour after the earthquake, the smoke of San Francisco's fires could beseen 160 kilometres away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stoppingthe fires. There was no way to organize or communicate. The steel railway trackswere now useless. And the great pipes for carrying water under the streets hadburst. All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the thirtyseconds the earth moved.Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every direction - east, west,north, and south, strong winds blew upon the unlucky city. Man himself had tomake ruins of some of the city's best buildings so that they would not be a dangerto those in the streets. A list of buildings undestroyed was now only a fewaddresses. A list of the brave men and women would fill a library. A list of all thosekilled will never be made.Amazing as it may seem, Wednesday night was a quiet night. There were nocrowds. The policemen said nothing; even their horses were quiet. There were noshouts or people doing crazy things. In all those terrible hours I saw not onewoman who cried, not one man who was excited. Before the fires, through the night,thousands and thousands of people who had lost their homes left for safety. Somewere covered in blankets . Sometimes whole families put everything they ownedand could save into wagons . They helped one another climb the high hills aroundthe city. Never in all San Francisco's history were her people so kind as on thatterrible night.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes-Using Language普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero-ReadingELIAS’ STORYMy name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I firstmet Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. Itwas in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. Heoffered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generouswith his time, for which I was grateful.I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. Theschool where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leavebecause my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. Icould not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However,this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether Iwould become out of work.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told mehow to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became morehopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was, When he organizedthe ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said:"The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rightsand progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rightsat all."It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They couldnot get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live weredecided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to livewere the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact asNelson Mandela said:"... we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were lessimportant, or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke thelaw in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed.., only then did wedecide to answer violence with violence."As a matter of fact, I do not like violence ... but in 1963 I helped him blow up somegovernment buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be putin prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve ourdream of making black and white people equal.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero-Reading TaskA FOLLOWER OF BILL CATESI have been a friend of Bill Gates for a long time. I knew him when he was astudent at Harvard University. We were surprised when he left University to set uphis own company "Microsoft" and make his own software. But he was the cleverone! He is very good at writing computer languages and almost all computers nowuse Microsoft software. The program "Word" is used from Britain to China! Ofcourse he has made a lot of money and that makes people very jealous (妒忌的). They want to stop his success. Even the government is against him and has tried tobreak his company into two parts. They say that he is unfair to other people whowant to sell similar software. Because he fits his new software free in every newcomputer, the government says he is stopping other companies from selling theirprograms. This is not fair. Everyone should be able to do what they can to maketheir company bigger. Bill Gates has only done what he can to stop othercompetitors(竞争对手). He is very rich, but he is generous. He has given millions ofdollars to help the education and health of many children around the world. Youcould not meet a better man than Bill Gates.A COMPETITOR OF BILL GATESBill Gates has been very successful and become very rich. He is very generousbut how has he got his money? He has done this by making sure that no one elsewill be able to compete with (竞争) his software. His software is not the best but it isused most widely in the world. When he sees what is needed, he makes a programand produces it quicker than anybody else. That way he gets a large part of thesoftware market. Then he works on improving the software later. He tries hard tostop others making better software. In 1995 the government tried to make thingsfairer for people like me. The government wanted to make Microsoft into twocompanies so that neither of them was so strong nor so rich. This meant that theycould not stop somebody else making new software. I always wonder how he couldget so rich so quickly. Has he done it by fair means? Or has he done it by being acomputer bully (霸) ?普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero-Using LanguageTHE REST OF ELIAS’ STORYYou cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was aprison from which no one escaped. There I spent the hardest time of my life. Butwhen I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandelabegan a school for those of us who had little learning. He taught us during thelunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. We read booksunder our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see thewords. I became a good student. I wanted to study for my degree but I was notallowed to do that. Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us. He saidthey should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. They were not clevererthan me, but they did pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too. Thatmade me feel good about myself.When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a job. Since I was bettereducated, I got a job working in an office. However, the police found out and toldmy boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government buildings. So I lost myjob. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came topower in 1994. All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help fromrelatives or friends. Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job takingtourists around my old prison on Robben Island. I felt bad the first time I talked to agroup. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me. I remembered thebeatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died. I felt I wouldnot be able to do it, but my family encouraged me. They said that the job and thepay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my。
普通高中课程标准实验教科书—物理选修3-1[人教版]
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普通高中课程标准实验教科书—物理选修3－１［人教版］第一章静电场全章概述本章主要研究静电场的基本性质及带电粒子在静电场中的运动问题。
场强和电势是分别描述电场的力的性质和能的性质的两个物理量。
正确理解场强和电势的物理意义，是掌握好本章知识的关键。
本章的其他内容，如导体在电场中的静电感应现象和静电平衡问题，实质上是电场中力的性质研究的继续；电势差、电场力的功、电势能的变化等是电场的能的性质讨论的延伸；带电粒子在电场中的运动问题则是电场中上述两性质的综合运用。
本章的内容是电学的基础知识，也是学习以后各章的准备知识。
新课标要求1．掌握库仑定律和电荷守恒定律。
2．了解电场、电场强度及电场线,能进行电场强度的计算,特别是在匀强电场中的计算。
３.掌握电场力做功与电势能的关系,理解电势,能画出等势面。
4．根据做功原理，能够计算两点间的电势差。
5.理解电势差与电场强度的关系,能进行简单计算。
6，了解电容器的构成及常用的电容器，掌握平行板电容器的性质。
7．掌握带电粒子在电场中的加速及偏转,并会对其进行计算。
新课程学习1.1 电荷及其守恒定律★新课标要求(一）知识与技能知道各种起电方法及实质，认识元电荷,掌握电荷守恒定律的内容。
（二)过程与方法结合具体事实理解概念及定律,化抽象为具体。
（三）情感、态度与价值观体会生活中的静电现象,提高抽象思维水平。
培养学生对实验的观察和分析的能力★教学重点掌握电荷的基本性质与电荷守恒定律。
★教学难点电荷基本性质与电荷守恒定律的理解及应用。
★教学方法实验归纳法、讲授法★教学用具：静电感应演示器、玻璃棒、丝绸,多媒体辅助教学设备★教学过程（一)引入新课教师:初中学过自然界有几种电荷,它们间的相互作用如何？电荷的多少用什么表示?学生:自然界只存在两种电荷，同种电荷互相排斥，异种电荷相互吸引.电荷的多少是用电荷量来表示。
教师：一般情况下物体不带电，不带电的物体内是否存在电荷？如何使物体带电?学生:不带电的物体内存在电荷,且存在等量正、负电荷,在物体内中和，对外不显电性。
人教版英语选修普通高中课程标准实验教科书
人教版英语选修9普通高中课程标准实验教科书单元词汇、音标、词义;Unit1hurdling /'h:dli/ n.跳栏运动boxing /'bksi / n.拳击hulahooping 玩呼啦圈pogo n.弹簧单高跷游戏jumpingjack 跳爆竹somersaulting 翻筋斗lunge /lnd/ n.v.刺；跃进；前冲AshritaFurman 阿什里塔.弗曼Guinness /'ginis/ n.吉尼斯GuinnessBookofWorldRecords/ 吉尼斯世界纪录大全approximate /'prksimit/ adj.近似的；大概的approximately /'prksimitli/ adv.近似地；大概地conventional /k n'vennl/ adj.习俗的；传统的laughter /lɑ:ft / n.笑；笑声reality /ri'liti/ n.真实；事实inreality adv.实际上；现实adjustment /'dstm nt/ n.调整；调节tough /tf/ adj.强硬的；困难的adv.顽强地extreme /iks'tri:m/ adj.极端的；偏激的vomit /'vmit/ vt.呕吐n.呕吐；呕吐物gymnastics /dim'n stiks/ n.体操；体能训练gymnastically adv.体能训练方面unfit /'n'fit/ adj.不适宜的；不太健康的fascinate /'f sineit/ vt.使着迷；入迷meditation /'medi'tein/ n.沉思；冥想SriChinmoy 斯里琴摩spiritual /'spiritju l/ adj.精神上的marathon /'mrθn/ n.马拉松赛跑urge /:d/ vt.催促；力劝accomplish /'kmpli/ vt.完成；实现motivation /'m uti'vein/ n.动机devotion /di'v un/ n.热爱；投入soul /s ul/ n.灵魂；心灵；精神sacred /'seikrid/ adj.宗教的；庄严的；神圣的deed /di:d/ n.行为；功绩conception /k n'sepn/ n.主意；计划tact /t kt/ n.机敏；乖巧；老练；技巧regret /ri'gret/ vt.vi.后悔；感到抱歉repentance /ri'pent ns/ n.后悔wisdom /'wizd m/ n.智慧virtue /'v:tju:/ n.美德noble /'n ubl/ adj.高尚的；贵族的n.贵族doom /du:m/ vt.注定；判决n.厄运；毁灭bid /bid/ v.n.出价；投标juggle /dgl/ vt.耍把戏；玩杂耍triathlon 三项全能运动triathlete 三项全能运动运动员amateur /'mt:/ n.业余爱好者champion /'tmpjn/ n.冠军；优胜者therefore /'ef:/ adv.因此；所以Barcelona /bɑ:si'loun / n.巴塞罗纳springboard n.跳板economics /'i:k'nmiks/ n.经济学Slovenia /slou'vi:ni / n.斯洛文尼亚entire theDanubeRiver 多瑙河attain /'tein/ vt.达到；获得theParana 巴拉那河profile /'pr ufail/ n.简介；侧面；轮廓courageous /k'reids/ adj.勇敢的；有胆量的appreciate /'pri:ieit/ vt.鉴赏；感激appreciation /'pri:i'ein/ n.感谢；感激；欣赏accountant /'kauntnt/ n.会计receptionist /ri'sepnist/ n.招待员；接待员lawyer /'l:j / n.律师politician /'pli'tin/ n.政治家；政客scarf /skɑ:f/ n.围巾；头巾；领巾zip /zip/ n.拉链underwear /'nd w/ n.内衣裤overcoat /'uvkut/ n.外套大衣；长大衣salary /'slri/ n.薪水wage /weid/ n.工资Unit2MarcoPolo 马可.波罗latitude /'l titju:d/ n.纬度voyage /vid/ n.航海；航行mercy /'m:si/ n.仁慈；宽恕；怜悯atthemercyof 受...支配encyclopedia /en'saiklu'pi:dj/ n.百科全书alongside /'l'said/ prep.靠着；沿着adv.在旁边；沿旁边exploration /'ekspl:'rein/ n.探险；探测minimum /'minim m/ adj.最小的；最低的celestial /si'lestj l/ adj.天上的pole /p ul/ n.地极；柱；杆equator /i'kweit / n.赤道horizon /h'raizn/ n.地平线；视野overhead /'uv'hed,'uvhed/ adj.在头上的adv.在头顶上；在空中；在高处seaweed /'si:wi:d/ n.海草；海藻nowhere /'n uhw/ adv.无处offshore /'f:/ adj.离岸的；海面上的outward /'autw d/ adj.外面的；向外的adv.向外；在外tide /taid/ n.潮；潮汐；潮流；趋势secure /si'kju / adj.安全的；可靠的knot /nt/ n.结v.打结log /lg/ n.原木；木料nautical /'n:tik l/ adj.海上的；航海的nauticalmile 海里magnetic /m g'netik/ adj.磁的；磁性的bearingcircle 方位圆random /'rndm/ adj.任意的；随便的astrolabe /'strleib/ n.古代的天体观侧仪；星盘awkward /':kw d/ adj.难使用的；笨拙的reference /'refrns/ n.参考quadrant /'kwdr nt/ n.象限；四分仪precise /pri'sais/ adj.精确的；准确的simplify /'simplifai/ vt.单一化；简单化portable /'p:t bl/ adj.轻便的；手提的；便携的shortcoming /:t'kmi / n.缺点；短处sextant /'sekst nt/ n.六分仪update /p'deit/ vt.更新tendency /'tend nsi/ n.趋向；倾向reliable /ri'lai bl/ adj.可靠的；可信赖的Samuel /'smjul/ n.塞缪尔swoopparcel /'pɑ:sl/ n.小包；包裹peck /pek/ v.啄食cliff /klif/ n.悬崖；峭壁expedition /'ekspi'din/ n.远征；探险compulsory /k m'pls ri/ adj.必须做的；必修的reform /ri'f:m/ n.改革；革新survival /s'vaivl/ n.生存；幸存CaptainBligh 布莱船长Tahiti /t'hi:ti/ n.塔希提岛incident /'insid nt/ n.事件；事变departure /di'pɑ:t/ n.出发；离开crew /kru:/ n.工作人员；工作队deposit /di'pzit/ vt.放；存入银行dilemma /di'lem / n.进退两难的局面drawback /'dr:b k/ n.缺点；障碍dusk /dsk/ n.薄暮；黄昏routine /ru:'ti:n/ n.常规；日常事务reckon /'rek n/ vt.计算；估计reckoning /'rekni/ n.计算；估计starvation /'stɑ:vein/ n.挨饿;饿死psychology /sai'kl di/ n.心理学psychologically n.心理上地；心理学地tension /'tenn/ 紧张；不安；张力gradual /'grdjul/ adj.逐渐的；逐步的gradually /'grdjuli/ adv.逐渐地；逐步地foresee /f:'si:/ vt.预见；预知thirst /θ:st/ n.渴；口渴Timor /'ti:m:,ti'm:/ 帝汶岛setloose v.出发；开始tear /ti,t/ vt.扯破；撕破hardship /'hɑ:dip/ n.困苦；艰难jaw /d:/ n.颌；颚；下巴jawsofdeath 鬼门关；死神Greenland /gri:nl nd/ n.格陵兰ShetlandIslands adj.设得兰群岛theFaroeIslands 法罗群岛roar /r:/ vi.vt.咆哮；轰鸣background /'b kgraund/ n.背景；后台Unit3associate /'suieit/ vt.使发生联系；使联合；结交associatewith 与...联系Perth /p:θ/ 珀思Kakadu 卡卡杜湾Canberra /'knbr/ n.堪培拉Uluru 乌卢鲁barrier /'bri/ n.障碍物；栅栏；屏障；GreatBarrierReef 大堡礁brochure /brou'u / n.小册子Commonwealth /'km nwelθ/ n.国家；共和国；联邦Kosciuszko 科西阿斯科山Oceania /'ui'einj / n.大洋洲adequate /'dikwit/ adj.适当的；足够的Melbourne /'melb n/ 墨尔本ecology /i:'kl di/ n.生态学；生态autonomous /:'tnms/ adj.自治的federal /'fedrl/ adj.联邦的；联合的；联邦制的defence /di'fens/ n.防卫；辩护policy /'plisi/ n.政策；方针tax /t ks/ n.税；税款taxation /t k'sein/ n.征税；税款nation /'nein/ n.国家；民族citizen /'sitizn/ n.市民；公民citizenship /'sitiznip/ n.公民身份；公民的职责和权利celebration /'seli'brein/ n.庆祝；庆典birthplace /'b:θpleis/ n.诞生地tolerate /'tl reit/ vt.忍受；容忍tolerance /'tlrns/ n.宽容；忍受migrant /'maigr nt/ n.移民者；移民；候鸟homeland /'humlnd/ n.祖国；本国via /'vai / prep.经；通过；经由Adelaide /'dleid/ n.阿德莱德superbNullarbor 纳拉伯平原rust /rst/ n.铁锈rusty /'rsti/ adj.生锈的；铁锈色的tropical /'trpik l/ adj.热带的splendour /'splend / n.壮丽；杰出；壮观timetable /'taim'teibl/ n.时间表；时刻表heritage /'heritid/ n.遗产；继承物aboriginal /b'ridnl/ adj.土着的；土生的n.土着居民outofrespect 出于尊敬fortnight /'f:tnait/ n.两星期reservation /'rez'vein/ n.保留；预定Hobart /'houbɑ:t,-b t/ 霍巴特澳大利亚塔斯曼尼亚之首府highway /'haiwei/ n.公路；大路；高速公路cradle /'kreidl/ n.摇篮；发源地rainfall /'reinf:l/ n.降雨；降雨量agriculture /'griklt/ n.农业；农学sow /s u/ vi.vt.播种；传播bachelor /'b tl/ n.单身汉；学士correspond /'kris'pnd/ vi.通信；符合correspondwith 与...通信owe /u/ vt.vi.感激；欠owe...to 把...归功于；欠enclosure /in'kl u/ n.围地；围场authority /:'θriti/ n.权力；权威；当局desperate /'desp rit/ adj.不顾一切的；绝望的shrink /rink/ vi.收缩；使皱缩；缩短barbecue /'bɑ:bikju:/ n.金属烤架；烧烤野餐talk...into... 说服某人做某事wind /wind,waind/ vt.绕；缠limb /lim/ n.肢；翼；分支venom /'ven m/ n.毒液；恶毒；怨恨venomous /'venms/ adj.有毒的；分泌毒液的anti-venom 抗毒paralyze /'prlaiz/ vt.使瘫痪；使麻痹sickness /'siknis/ n.疾病；恶心recover /ri'kv / vt.痊愈；复原funnel /'fnl/ n.漏斗funnelwebspider 漏斗网蜘蛛snatch /sn t/ vt.攫取；抢走amongst /'mst/ prep.在...中间；在…之中=amongvinegar /'vinig / n.醋unconscious /n'ks/ adj.不省人事的；未发觉的；无意识的Unit4pollinate /'plineit/ vt.对...授粉pollinator n.虫媒courtyard /'k:tjɑ:d/ n.庭院；院子；天井balcony /'blkni/ n.阳台；包厢exotic /ig'zutik/ adj.异国情调的；外来的；奇异的datebackto 追溯到；远在…年代distant /'dist nt/ adj.远的；远处的Egypt /'i:dipt/ n.埃及goods /gudz/ n.货物scale /skeil/ n.磅秤；天平盘；规模；程度；范围conflict /'knflikt,k n'flikt/ n.斗争；冲突missionary /'minri/ adj.教会的；传教的n.传教士d'Incarville 汤执中法Joseph /'douzif/ n.约瑟夫.班克斯endeavour n.尽力；竭力anchor /'k/ n.锚vi.抛锚；锚定NathanielWard 纳撒尼尔.沃德tight /tait/ adj.紧的；紧密的adv.紧紧地；坚固地seal /'si:l/ vt.封闭；密封container n.容器Wardiancase 沃德箱restriction /ris'trikn/ n.限制；约束fluency /'flu:nsi/ n.流利；流畅shave /eiv/ vt.vi.剃；刮thunderstorm n.雷暴；雷雨pirate /'pai rit/ n.海盗FatherFarges 法尔热神父appeal /'pi:l/ vi.有吸引力；求助appealtobeingattractive/ 对某人有吸引力；呼吁dove /dv/ n.鸽子botanist /'bt nist/ n.植物学家chrysanthemum /kri's ntmm/ n.菊花reddate 红枣lower /'lu/ vt.降低；跌落；减弱beard /bi d/ n.胡须ripe /raip/ adj.熟的；成熟的irrigation /'iri'gein/ n.灌溉weed /wi:d/ n.杂草；野草spear /spi / n.矛；标枪string /stri / n.线；细绳；一串spade /speid/ n.铲；铁锹postpone /pust'pun/ vt.推迟；延迟pyramid /'pir mid/ n.金字塔monument /'mnjum nt/ n.纪念碑pitcherplant n.猪笼草Rafflesiaarnoldii n.大王花rot /rt/ vt.vi.腐烂；腐败evolve /i'vlv/ vt.vi.发展；进展；进化evolution /'i:v'lju:n/ n.演变；进化nectar /'nekt / n.花蜜；甘露attach /'tt/ vt.缚上；系上；附加；贴上；附上wasp /wsp/ n.黄蜂beetle /'bi:tl/ n.甲虫bat /b t/ n.蝙蝠moth /mθ/ n.蛾humming-bird n.蜂鸟typical /'tipik l/ adj.典型的；有代表性的petal /'petl/ n.花瓣tube /tju:b/ n.管；管子delicate /'delikit/ adj.精巧的；脆弱的；微妙的fragrant /'freigr nt/ adj.芬芳的；香的daisy /'deizi/ n.雏菊odour /'oud / n.气味；香味；臭味odourless adj.没有气味的；无嗅的giveout 发出气味、热等；分发dull /dl/ adj.不鲜明的；阴暗的musty /'msti/ adj.发霉的；有霉味的fruity /'fru:ti/ adj.果味的；有葡萄味的Unit5billboard /'bilb:d/ n.布告版；广告牌casual /'k ju l/ adj.偶然的；随意的；临时的garment /'gɑ:m nt/ n.衣服；外衣turn...into 使变成advertiser /'dvtaiz/ n.登广告者；广告客户advert /'dv:t/ n.广告inform /in'f:m/ vt.通知；告诉association /'susi'ein/ n.协会；联系；关联target /'tɑ:git/ n.目标；对象；靶子fitinto v.适合basis /'beisis/ n.基础；根据technique /tek'ni:k/ n.技术；技巧lane /lein/ n.车道；行车线feature /'fi:t/ n.特性；容貌；特色；特写vi.vt.以...为特色；特写conscience /'knns/ n.良心；道德心worthy /'w:ei/ adj.有价值的；可敬的corporation /'k:p'rein/ n.公司；法人；社团budget /'bdit/ n.预算expense /iks'pens/ n.费用；代价broadcast /'br:dkɑ:st/ n.广播；播音vi.vt.广播；播送；播放rely /ri'lai/ vi.依赖；信赖visual /'vizju l/ adj.看的；视觉的generate /'den reit/ vt.产生；发生response /ris'pns/ n.回答；响应；反应stereo /'stiriu/ n.立体声；立体声器材havenousefor v.不需要；厌恶；对...不耐烦refresh /ri'fre/ vt.使精神振作；使恢复；更新partly /'pɑ:tli/ adv.部分；在一定程度上murder /'m:d/ vt.谋杀；谋杀案n.谋杀suitcase /'sju:tkeis/ n.手提箱；衣箱sheet /i:t/ n.片；张；薄片；被单actress /'ktris/ n.女演员typist /'taipist/ n.打字员spokesman /'spuksmn/ n.发言人fluent /'flu:nt/ adj.流利的；流畅的hostess /'h ustis/ n.女主人invitation /'invi'tein/ n.邀请appoint /'pint/ vt.约定；指定；任命chairman /'tmn/ n.主席raise /'reiz/ vt.筹集；提高；饲养dial /'dai l/ vt.拨号operator /'preit/ n.操作员；接线员litre /'li:t / n.升mature /m'tju/ adj.成熟的；到期的fashion /'f n/ n.样式；流行；时尚misleading adj.易误解的；令人误解的dishonest /dis'nist/ adj.不诚实的alcoholic /'lk'hlik/ adj.酒精的,含酒精的n.酗酒者；酒鬼tobacco /t'bku/ n.烟草；烟草制品ban /b n/ n.禁令vt.禁止；取缔promote /pr'mut/ vt.促进；提升immoral /i'm:r l/ adj.不道德的；邪恶的decent /'di:snt/ adj.正派的；得体的；适当的ethics /'eθiks/ n.伦理学；道德规范ethical /'eθikl/ adj.合乎道德的；道德的offending /'fendi/ adj.令人不愉快的；伤害人感情的beware /bi'w/ v.小心；谨防consumer /kn'sju:m/ n.消费者；顾客trustworthy /'trstw:ei/ adj.可信赖的；可靠的。
人教版普通高中新课程标准试验教科书生物必修1分子与细胞
人教版普通高中新课程标准实验教科书生物必修1 分子与细胞第1章走进细胞第1节从生物圈到细胞一、教材分析《从生物圈到细胞》是人教版普通高中新课程标准实验教科书生物必修1《分子与细胞》第1章第1节的内容，由“生命活动离不开细胞”和“生命系统的结构层次”两部分组成。
本节开头的问题探讨，选择了非典型性肺炎这一学生都熟悉、社会关注的热点事例。
SARS 病毒不具有细胞结构，但SARS病毒必须寄生在活细胞内才能生活和繁殖。
本节内容涉及细胞、组织、器官、系统、个体、种群、群落、生态系统和生物圈等生命系统的层次，从微观到宏观，让学生初步了解到，生命科学的研究是从这些层次上展开和深入的，而细胞是其他生命系统层次的基础，是基本的生命系统。
由于本模块是以“细胞是基本的生命系统”为主线来展开教学内容的，后续各章依次讲述了这一基本生命系统的组成、结构、功能、发生和发展变化等。
本章既是后续各章的基础，又具有统领本模块的作用。
二、教学目标1、知识目标（1）举例说出生命活动建立在细胞的基础上。
（2）举例说明生命系统的结构层次。
细胞→组织→器官→系统→个体→种群→群落→生态系统→生物圈2、能力目标（1）初步学会收集和整理生物史学资料。
（2）尝试将所获得的文字、图表信息表达出来。
3、情感目标（1）激发对生物学学科的学习兴趣，体验合作学习的快乐。
（2）认同细胞是基本的生命系统，细胞是构成生物圈中生物体结构和功能的基本单位。
三、学情分析学生学完初中的生物课后，已经具有比较丰富的细胞知识，不仅有细胞的基本结构，细胞内发生的一些化学反应的知识，还有建立在细胞基础之上的生物多样性的知识。
本节的资料分析“生命活动与细胞的关系”中所列举的事例和材料，都是学生在初中学过的，但又在初中相关内容基础上有所扩展。
如，人的生殖过程，艾滋病病毒破坏人体免疫系统的淋巴细胞。
学生在初中学过细胞、组织、器官、系统等生物体的结构层次，本节在初中的基础上加入了种群和群落、生态系统、生物圈等层次，既起到了连贯作用，又使学生全面了解生命系统的各个层次。
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第一章、从实验学化学 第一节 化学实验基本方法
• • • • 基本的要求: 树立安全意识，初步形成良好的实验习惯，知道一些基本的安 全措施和意外事故的紧急处理方法，并能识别一些化学品安全 标识。 初步学会使用过滤和蒸发的方法对混合物进行分离和提纯。 初步体验利用物质的溶解性表进行常见化学物质的检验和提纯 的实验方法，能够说出蒸馏和萃取的基本原理和操作方法。 弹性的要求: 熟记常见的物质的溶解性表，并能利用物质的溶解性表进行常 见化学物质的检验和提纯 发展的要求: 能够根据实验目的设计实验方案（包括实验装置、操作步骤、 现象观察与记录、结果的分析）（如P7的“思考与交流”就要 学生设计实验方案除去粗盐中的可溶性杂质）
人教版普通高中课程标准实验教科书 《化学1》《化学2》 （必修）
—教材分析
人民教育出版社化学室 课程教材研究所化学教材研究开发中心
—教学建议 广州市荔湾区教育发展研究中心 e-mail：gzcy2002@ 常芸
普通高中课程标准实验教科书
课程标准
化学1 化学2
获取洁净淡水
获取海水中的其他物质
过滤：粗盐提纯
初中基础
复习方法、巩固内容、练习操作 蒸馏：初中简易装置 蒸馏水
实验室正规装置
海水淡化
萃取：新方法 原理：溶解性
方法和操作
应用实例
离子的检验：SO42-、ClSO42-：粗盐提纯引出滤液中SO42-的检验
化学方程式
Cl-：方法和现象（反应原理在后面介绍)
教学建议：培养学生良好实验习惯， 抓好基础知识的落实
•
过去教材中的不少实验都是在叙述完操作步骤之后， 随即给出实验现象和结论，这不利于学生观察能力、 实验分析能力和科学方法的培养。例如，钠的物理性 质，氯气与氢气、与水的反应，氯离子的检验等。 新教材突出了以实验为基础的特点，一改实验过去千 篇一律的呈现方式，在实验中，往往都要学生通过观 察写出实验现象，较好地体现了实验激发兴趣、启发 思维、获取知识和进行科学方法教育等多种功能。例 如：钠的物理性质，氯气与氢气、与水的反应，氯离 子的检验等。
从探究引出概念入手
科学探究例学实验和化学计算
（1）实验电解水：体积比
（2）化学方程式计算：质量
摩尔质量计算：物质的量之比
1 mol H2和O2体积相同
2. 物理计算 1 mol H2和O2体积相同 1 mol 固体或液体体积不同 结果
1 mol 气体体积相同
科学探究目的和作用 亲自体验，加深认识，提高兴趣 学习科学方法：实验和计算结合 逻辑推理 复习知识：水性质、实验 化学计算(化学方程式、摩尔质量)
教材分析
《化学1》突出化学以实验为基础的
特点，在初中化学的基础上系统地 复习和学习基本的化学反应、元素 化合物基本知识、巩固化学实验基 本技能，重视科学方法与科学精神 的实践与培养。
化学1
• 从实验学化学 • 化学物质及其变化 • 金属及其化合物 • 非金属及其化合物
• 重视化学是以实验为基础的学科，突 出实验的作用 第一章安排实验
溶液的配制
实验方法和操作，概念作为基础
仪器及操作：容量瓶使用
溶液配制的方法和操作：以固体(氯化钠) 配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液为例
第二节 化学计量在实验中的应用 从物质的量的有关概念在实验中应用(溶液 配制)的角度呈现： 物质的量、物质的量的单位、摩尔质量、 气体摩尔体积、物质的量浓度
物质的量等概念与实验结合，主要考虑：
基本要求： ① 认识煤、石油、天然气是人类能源的主要来源。
能书写简单代表物燃烧的化学方程式。
② 了解煤的成分；知道通过煤的干馏可得到多种化工 产品及其用途； 知道煤的气化和液化可减少燃烧所造成的环境污染。 ③ 了解石油的成分；知道通过石油的分馏及裂化可得 到多种化工产品及其用途。
④ 通过乙烯的聚合反应了解常见高分子材料 的合成,了解聚合反应的原理。知道日常生活中的 一些合成高分子材料的应用。
• •
• •
第一节
化学实验基本方法
强调安全重要性，增强安全意识 •安全图标 •资料卡片 •思考与交流
实验方法
分离、提纯 物质的检验 溶液配制
实验技能有： 仪器的使用技能： 容量瓶、分液漏斗、冷凝管 托盘天平(有条件的学校可以用分 析天平或电子天平)
• 实验基本操作技能：称量、溶解、 过滤、蒸发(复习)、蒸馏、分液、 萃取、向容量瓶转移溶液(新)等
实际中进一 步除杂质的意 义、方法，注 重实验方法在 实际中的应用
说明：1、分离需要综合考虑一些问题，对刚上高中的学生来说相对较 难（如 06年广州市中考试题29题），因此，注意引导学生归纳方法——归 纳除杂的原则与方法—加什么试剂？先后顺序怎样？试剂用量？过量试剂 如何处理？ 2、初步了解设计实验的方法 3、检验的过程不必强化
0.012 kg
12C
粒子数
直接呈现：物质的量 (物理量)
单位
6.02×1023
N n =N A
摩尔质量
直接给出事实：图文结合 实物图
质量(相 对分子质 量) 粒子数
1mol H2O
1mol Al
物质的量
(文)
文
(数据比较)
2.通过科学探究，引出概念 气体摩尔体积 引出：
学习气体摩尔概念的实际意义(13)
主题1 认识化学科学 主题2 化学实验基础 主题3 常见无机物及其应用
主题1 物质结构基础 主题2 化学反应与能量 主题3 化学与可持续发展
通过必修课程的学习，学生应主要在以下 方面得到发展
常见化学物质 物质的微观结构 化学反应原理 化学的应用 化学实验技能 科学研究方法
解释现象 解决问题
认识科学技术的关系
第一章
从实验学化学
课程标准有关实验的内容标准
●标准中单设主题2―化学实验基础”，是必修课程内容 的核心，体现化学是一门以实验为基础的科学 。 ●既起到与初中化学实验以及化学知识的衔接（粗盐提 纯实验、实验室制取蒸馏水），又为高中化学新知识的 学习穿针引线，通过实验把学生引入化学世界。
内容结构 1
——教学中首先应该保证所有的学 生掌握好最基本的东西。在此基础 上可在时间允许的情况下，对教学 内容进行增补。增补的前提是有利 于教学、不增加学生负担。例如， 对必修1的第二章《离子反应》的 教学可做如下要求（教学要求说 明）：
人教版高中化学（必修） 知识与技能教学要求说明
• 说明：本教学要求说明中将教学要求分为基本 的要求、弹性的要求、发展的要求和不宜拓展 四个层次，各目标层次具体要求如下： • • • • 基本的要求：全体学生应在本节学习时掌握 弹性的要求：有条件的学生可在本节增补 发展的要求：全体学生可在必修2结束时掌握 不宜拓展：留待选修学习
形成可持续发展的思想
模块设计：化学1、化学2内容分模块， 1、2衔接
课时：36课时/模块（共72课时）
内容要求：要求降低、知识面拓宽
体系的构建
实验基础 基本概念
情 感 态 度 与 价 值 观
无机化合物 过 程 基本理论 与 （物质结构） 方 法 （化学反应与能量） 有机化合物 化学与社会 科 学 探 究
⑤知道形成酸雨的主要物质是硫氧化物和氮氧化物 认识含氮、磷的水体污染问题；知道一些污染 的来源及控制方法。 （化学在三废治理方面发挥重要作用） 弹性要求：了解原子“原子经济”的概念 不宜拓展：各种控制污染的原理
全面理解教材结构，准确把握
必修模块的教学要求
——学习必修模块的目的是促进全体高中生形成 最基本的科学素养，是人人都要学的化学， 因此必须强调其基础性。 ——从必修模块的编排体系来看，不再以物质结 构、元素周期率等理论知识为出发点，采用 推理、演绎的方法来学习，而改为以物质分 类的思想来整合教学内容，通过提供实验事 实、科学史话等感性材料，采用分析、归纳 的方法获得化学知识。因此，同样的知识内 容，在新、旧教材中的地位和作用是不同的， 其教学要求也不相同。 • 如“离子反应”、“氧化还原反应”在必修 模块中是作为化学反应的分类类型来介绍， 其最基本要求的就是根据分类标准进行类别 判断。
分离、提纯的方法 物理方法引入（实际）
从生活中的物理方法、引深到化学方法， 了解生活和科学研究中分离操作的利用，进 一步了解分离的方法
体现学习实验方法的意义
教学中处理
举其他例子说明分离提纯在实际中的意义
查阅书刊 上网 交流
……
（观念）
•讨论杂质的含义，进一步了解分离除杂质的意义 •形成观念：辩证地看问题 •化学与技术：海水淡化
• 课标中的要求：认识摩尔是物质的量的 基本单位，能用于简单的化学计算
溶液配制：用到物质的量浓度概念，而物质的 量、物质的量的单位—摩尔质量等是基础
第二节 化学计量在实验中的应用
基本的要求: —知道“物质的量”是描述微观粒子集体的一个物理量，摩 尔是物质的量的基本单位 —知道摩尔质量的概念和不同粒子的摩尔质量的计算方法， 学会有关物质的量的简单计算 —理解物质的量浓度的基本涵义，掌握物质的量浓度的简 单计算 —溶液稀释时有关的计算 —初步学会使用容量瓶配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液（只 要求会配制没有明显热效用的溶液） —了解气体摩尔体积的概念，学会有关气体摩尔体积的简 单计算
• 注意与初中化学的合理衔接
第一章
第二章
基本实验操作
化学物质及其变化
（初中的物质、反应）
• 重视化学基础知识－－元素化合物
（无机）
• 注重科学方法的培养
物质的分类（方法、各章渗透）
学习化学的重要性
•为什么学习化学 •化学解决的问题 •理论基础 •实验手段 •模块的课程设 置 •模块的内容方 向
学习化学的基本方法
高中化学课程简介
引言的教学
• 利用图片展示：教材中列举的实例