高考英语大题冲关秘笈 阅读理解之说明文 考纲解读
高考英语阅读理解说明文解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解说明文解题技巧(1)数字说明文在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。
(2)解释说明文解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。
许多科普文章都属于这一类。
在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。
它们是文章的关键。
如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。
(3)比较说明文比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。
在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。
在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。
但是，在一般状况下，的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。
2高考英语阅读理解有用解题技巧一、事实细节题关于事实细节题，剖析一下不难看出，事实细节的内容不会单独出现，它总会与前前后后的段落内容相呼应。
考生只要抓住整体大纲，看懂主题，利用内容间的因果关系，通过时间空间的关系转换，并对细节进行深入的剖析了理解，确定主题，将零碎的细节组成一个有机整体，就能深入理解材料的内容，从而轻松解决问题。
二、词句理解题词句理解题主要讲究的是理解题意，通过短文的词、短语或句子的理解来充分理解题意，，碰到不熟悉的词语要避过，先略读再通读，仔细推敲，尤其是对语境的理解要准确。
三、推理推断题推理推断题最主要的就是注重文章结构的逻辑关系，抓住关键词，结合有关的生活和社会常识，理清文章的结构层次、文章内容和文章的中心思想，推断的写作意图和写作目的，进行推断。
四、归纳概括题合适这类题型的阅读理解通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上;很多文章从一开头就直接说出观点，表达中心思想。
所以关于这类题型，一定要提示同学注意主题句和主题段，绝大多数的短文类似于语文的老三段，注意段与段之间的联系，注意隐藏的中心思想，准确了解文章结构，把握句与句之间的关系，注重逻辑关系，把握住文章的脉络即可。
3如何突破高考英语阅读理解统览全篇摘录要点阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、态度、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章截句的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
高中英语必考点解题指导：考点妙解14 提纲类.doc
高中英语必考点逐个击破快速提分：考点妙解14 提纲类本类考题解答锦囊提纲式作文又是高考书面表达的一个特色。
出题的形式就是给出某种情景和内容要求，请考生根据这一情景及要求写出自己的思想。
这类题型相对于其他类型的题来说，特点在于考生可以充分发挥自己的思维想象能力，进而组织自己的语言来表达某种思想。
因此，这类题具有较大的灵活性，也能产好地体现考生的英语思维想象能力。
不像其它类题型，千篇一律。
但缺点就是老师的评卷、给分缺少了客观性标准，主观性较强。
对于这类题型的处理，考生首先要认真阅读前面的提示，把握准情景和要求，使表达的内容不走题；其次，根据情景的发展，按顺序安排好材料；最后，进行合理的总结。
Ⅰ高考最新热门题1.(典型例题卷)假设你是李华，你的一位美国朋友Paul想在署假来中国学习汉语。
你帮他询问了署期汉语班的情况。
请根据下列要求写一封回信。
时间：7月初开始，4小时／天(周一至周五)程度：三个级别(初级到高级)授课老师经验丰富，小班上课注意：1．词数：100左右；2．可根据要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯Dear Paul，…Yours，Li Hua命题目的与解题技巧：本题考查以提纲形式写书面表达【解析】本文是作者在知道朋友要来中国学习汉语后，给朋友写一封回信介绍署期汉语培训班的情况。
从形式来看，这是一封书信；从内容上来说，它是一篇说明文。
由于所介绍的是即将发生的事情，故用一般将来时、混合人称写作。
【答案】One possible version: Dear Paul,I am so glad that you are planning to take a summer course in China. Our university runs summer Chinese language courses at three levels, from beginning to advanced. All the courses start in early July. Lessons will be given in small classes of no more than ten students. You will get a lot of practice in such a class. All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. Classes meet four hours a day, five days a week-Monday to Friday. If you decide to come or need any further information , do let me know.Yours.2.(典型例题)假设你是李华，你在报上看到北京电视台今年七月将举行外国人“学中文，唱中文歌”才艺大赛。
高考英语写作常考文体讲练提分秘籍：专题18 说明文 (解析版)
8 There are several reasons for..., but in general, they come down to three major ones.
有几个原因，但在一般情况下，它们归结为三个主要方面。
中句篇
1 On the one hand..., on the other hand...
【高分句型2】It's urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline (运用了it作形式主语，to improve their self-discipline为真正的主语)
不可否认的事实是·....
5 Compared A with B...
把A与B相比较···..·
6 It has increased from...to...
它已经从······增加到······
7 People take different views on the question.
人们对这个问题有不同的看法。
3 To ensure success, there is one more thing that you must bear in mind, that is...
为了确保成功，还有一件事你必须记住，那就是·....·
4 With the help of the above methods, you will achieve you goal soon.
Nowadays many people prefer to_____________（某种行为）Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First, _____________。（优点之一）Besides, _____________。（优点之二）
高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之主旨大意题
高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之主旨大意题阅读理解满分秘籍——理解题干的要求是核心，分析选项的特点是基础，读懂原文的主旨是条件。
做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。
主旨大意题型高考《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求是：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；……《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求的第一点就是理解主旨要义。
考生读的每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。
有时从文章第一个段甚至第一句可知文章的主旨要义；有时从文章最后一段甚至最后一句才能了解文章的主旨要义；有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。
无论是那一种情况，无论题干是不是主旨大意题型，考生必须首先要理解文章的主旨要义，这是我们阅读文章的基本目的。
同时，考生做其他题型的选择时也要考虑文章的主旨要义。
了解文章主旨要义的捷径是找到主题句。
主题句通常分为文章主题句和段落主题句，考生一定要分清楚。
通常，主题句有以下特征：1. 首段引入一般不是主题句，后面的结论（so, therefore等）或转折处（but, however 等）可能是文章的主题句；2. 举例说明或解释的句子不是主题句，前一句可能是主题句；3. 问句一般不是主题句，回答的句子可能是主题句；4. 主题句常包含主次之分的表达（A rather than B等）或时间提示词（recently, today等）；5. 定义型（be called as, be known as等）、强调型（stress, focus等）、总结型（research indicates, study suggests等）的句子很可能是主题句。
考查考生对主旨要义理解的题型是主旨大意题型，通常分为the main idea（paragraph or passage）和the best title 两类。
见下图：这两类题型有不同的提问方式。
高考英语一轮复习阅读理解之说明文解题思路.doc
高考英语一轮复习知识点1:说明文1.文体概述说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。
它通过对实体事物（如仪器、产品、自然环境）的解说，或对抽象事理（如概念、原理、定律）的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、來源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。
说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词、科学小品等。
2.说明文题材题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。
女口：介绍科学领域的戢新成杲、机器的制造过程、产品工艺流程或使用说明、工程项目的规划、社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物、生物的生存状况、自然或社会现象产生的原因和解决办法、人文地理知识等。
3.说明顺序时间顺序（如事物的发展变化）、空间顺序（如建筑结构）、逻辑顺序（如因果、现象与本质）。
4•说明方法为了把事物的本质特征说清楚，或者把事理阐述明白，常用下列说明方法：举例子、作比较、分类别、析因杲、列数字、作诠释、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。
5•结构特点1）总体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述;2）现象或变化+细节或原因阐述+引发的后果和相关启示。
6•语言特点高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普知识方面的题材，文中常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的t句难句。
因学术性强、抽象度高，解题的难度相对较大。
7•说明文阅读理解的特征英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方而，即Who—What—> When—Where—HowT Why。
1）Who :问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）2）What：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）3）When和Where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）4）How：通过什么方式表现出来的？5）Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？&阅读方法阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质特征。
冲刺高考英语大题突破：大题03 阅读理解：说明文(原卷版)
大题03阅读理解说明文成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
说明文所选材料题材丰富多样，涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面。
在高考英语阅读理解中，说明文所占比重尤为突出。
它既要求考生能熟练运用词汇和语法知识、理解文章语句、把握语篇整体结构，还要求学生有大量的阅读积淀和知识储备，熟悉不同的话题和不同的题目考查方式。
即便是细节理解题，大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断。
通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难度试题的考查数量为2道左右，说明文考查此类题目的频率较高，且命题点呈多样化。
（2023年新高考I卷D篇）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. Thekey finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.28. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people’s errors.D. The design of Galton’s experiment.29. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.A. the crowds were relatively smallB. there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD. estimates were not fully independent30. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.31. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法有技巧地去阅读。
2018年高考英语百日冲刺快速提分秘籍之突破阅读理解说明文
2018 年高考英语百日冲刺快速提分秘笈之打破阅读理讲解明文【命题剖析】一、方法概括所谓科技说明文，就是指研究自然科学与技术的文章。
说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，经过讲解事物或说明事理，达到教人以知识的目的，在结构上常常采纳总分、递进等方式按必定的次序（如时间、空间、从现象到实质）进行说明。
说明文的特色是客观、精练、语言正确、了然，文章极少表达作者的感情偏向。
阅读说明文的要点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，认识事物的性质、结构、成因、功能等，认识事理的含意、特色等。
近来五年，说明文的出现变化不大，向来很稳固，选材往常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成就；人们比较关怀的社会问题；人文方面的经典。
因为阅读理解题的设置采纳渐进式，即由简到难的方式，所以说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对照较难的，往常后置。
阅读理解试题的中要考点之一是考察学生对词汇和句式的掌握。
说明文的词汇和句式的运用较其余体裁的文章难度更大。
词汇运用灵巧，同一词的不一样词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的生词许多，往常达到了 4-5% 。
可是考生能够经过说明文的语言特色来帮助理解语篇，比如，同位语、下定义、解说、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及点符号（如破折号、冒号都有表示解和明）等。
二、命方式考点一理解明文中考的理解大概与叙文相像。
命地区都有其共同点：⑴在列命，如用 first(1y) 、second(1y) 、third(1y)finally、not only?but also 、then 、in addition等表示承关系的列失事。
要求考生从列出的内容中出切合干要求的答案。
⑵在例命，句中常用由as 、such as 、for example 、for instance等引的短或句子作例，些例句或比就成命者的焦点。
⑶在折比命，一般通however 、 but 、 yet 、 in fact 等来引。
冲刺阶段高考英语小题专题集训：专题05 阅读理解之说明文 (原卷版)(含高考真题)
专题05 阅读理解之说明文距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
难度：★★★★☆建议用时：40分钟得分：2022年新高考I卷之B篇Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Lastyear it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A. Moral decline.B. Environmental harm.C. Energy shortage.D. Worldwide starvation.26. What does Curtin’s company do?A. It produces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.27. What does Curtin suggest people do?A. Buy only what is needed.B. Reduce food consumption.C. Go shopping once a week.D. Eat in restaurants less often.2022年新高考I卷之C篇The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”28. What is the purpose of the project?A. To ensure harmony in care homes.B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.C. To raise money for medical research.D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense of achievement.C. She has recovered her memory.D. She has developed a strong personality.30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?A. Improve.B. Oppose.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?A. It is well received.B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable.D. It takes ages to see the results.（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia (痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however, may be the real deal. Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine(November; 2022). After18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug. The others, a placebo(安慰剂). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis(淀粉样蛋白假说) seems correct.Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.1．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs?A．The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimers.B．All participants didn’t receive the new drug.C．The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants.D．It took 18 months to make the new drug.2．The author explains the effectiveness of the new drug by _______.A．illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in bodyB．describing how immune-system works in detailC．making comparisons between two groups of participantsD．quoting the comments of other scientists3．Which of the following is a drawback of the new drug?A．It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment.B．It can cause some side-effects.C．It costs too much for ordinary families.D．It needs to be further tested before its launch.4．What does the author think of Lecanemab?A．Reliable.B．GroundbreakingC．Promising D．Risky.（2023·安徽淮北·统考一模）A college professor at my university years ago shocked his class with a frog. He showed off a wood frog that was still alive but frozen solid. Then suddenly, he threw it against a wall and it broke into pieces. Everyone took a quick deep breath. Moments later, he explained that he hadn’t actually thrown the frog. For dramatic effect he had switched the frog for a large piece of ice. But the goal was to illustrate a point: That a wood frog does in fact freeze as solid as ice to survive the winter. Then it thaws again in the spring.The wood frog is one of the most frequently studied animals on Earth that freezes. First, it’s liquid, it’s hopping around, then ice comes on it from the outside. Its skin gets frozen a little bit, its eyes glaze over, its brain freezes, and ice pushes blood to the frog’s heart before eventually that, too, is rock solid. This transition requires major changes in biochemistry. Ice slowly forms around the outside of organs and cells. At the same time, the frog’s liver pumps out incredible amounts of glucose — a sugary liquid that acts like antifreeze for vital organs — that flows everywhere including the insides of cells to keep them from dying.But true supercooling in nature — and especially with human organs — comes with risks, says Shannon Tessier, an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School who studies how suspended animation in nature can translate to human organ transplants.Wood frogs and other animals that survive extreme conditions in nature have many applications in medicine, especially in the world of organ transplants, Tessier says. A human heart, for example, can only exist outside the body for about four hours. “So we’re trying to use the principles from wood frogs with high amounts of glucose and freeze a whole heart or other organ, keep it in suspended animation, safely awake it, and transplant it.”5．Why did the college professor take a frog to the class?A．To show off his amazing pet.B．To switch a piece of ice with it.C．To tell students some frog facts.D．To conduct a special experiment.6．What does the underlined word “thaws” mean in paragraph 1?A．Freezes itself.B．Comes to life.C．Becomes warm.D．Turns back into water.7．What protects the frozen frog from dying?A．Its icy cell.B．Its vital organ.C．Its warm blood.D．Its sugary liquid.8．Who will probably benefit from the frog’s principles according to Shannon Tessier?A．The one who has to take a heart transplant operation.B．The one who is applying for the Harvard Medical School.C．The one who works on the development of a new medicine.D．The one who plans to experience extreme conditions in nature.（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）When put to tests, bees have long proved that they’ve got a lot more to offer than pollinating (授粉) , making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive (刺激)to do so. ”Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free.The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. “This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物) and birds,” said Lars Chittka, a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.The study’s first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. “They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more,” she says.9．What is the new finding about bees?A．They are fond of having fun.B．They are faithful to the queen.C．They are adaptable to changes.D．They are skilled at rolling balls.10．How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment?A．By teaching bees new tricks.B．By rewarding bees with food.C．By making bees feel at home.D．By building new homes for bees.11．What are Lars Chittka’s words mainly about?A．The forms of bees’ interaction.B．The complexity of bees’ minds.C．The examples of mammals’ play.D．The purpose of mammals’ enjoyment.12．What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result?A．It backs up prior understanding of insects.B．It reveals reasons for bees’ positive feelings.C．It drives research on animals’ emotional state.D．It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。
超实用高考英语复习：重难点3 阅读理解之说明文 (学生版)
说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事理，达到教人以知识的目的，在结构上看，说明文总体结构通常分为三个部分：说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结；从段落组织方式上分，常见的有以下五种结构：总分式结构(总→分→总；总→分；分→总)；并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)；对照式结构(结构形式是“一正一反”)；递进式结构(文章各部分内容形成一层更进一层的形式)；连贯式结构(说明的各层次之间是按照事物发张过程来安排层次，前后互相承接)。
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
附录：解题中需要关注的内容(仅供考生平时练习时参考)
一、篇章结构
第一段：
第二段：
第三段：
第四段：
第五段：
二、重难点词
1.熟词生义：
Istuckthe chicken in the freezer.
英语高考说明文阅读技巧
英语高考说明文阅读技巧(一)、把握说明对象，辨识说明方法1、常见题型：以选择、填空或简答的形式指明说明对象或说明对象的特征。
如：本文的说明对象是什么?本文的说明内容是什么?拟标语、提建议等。
2、把握说明的对象和特征，可以从以下两方面着手：①.看题目，不少题目都表示说明的对象。
一般事物说明文的对象可以从标题上找。
②.抓首括句和中心句。
好的说明文往往用这种句子来特别所要说明文的事物和特征。
(二)、理清说明顺序，分析文章结构1、常见题型有：以选择、填空或简答的形式，指明整体和局部的说明顺序;或理清说明文的层次，直接划分全文的结构或划分某段的层次.2、常见说明顺序有三种：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。
3、说明文常见的结构形式：总分式，总分总式，分总式.4、抓逻辑顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序的特征，理清说明顺序。
常见方法有以下两种：①看内容，辨顺序。
介绍事物的特征、种类、成因、功用等，一般用逻辑顺序;说明事物发展变化过程，一般用时间顺序;说明事物的形状、构造，一般用空间顺序。
②找重点词句辨顺序。
空间顺序一般用方位词;时间顺序一般用时间名词;逻辑顺序一般用"因为'、"所以'、"首先'、"其次'、"总之'、"综合所述'等词语。
理清了说明顺序，说明结构就可依据顺序来划分。
2高考英语阅读理解解题技巧(一)阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更准确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还必须要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。
一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有互相联系的因素。
阅读的方法可以使用以下几种：1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。
实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。
用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。
2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。
超实用高考英语复习：专题04 阅读理解之说明文02-(解析版)
A. The workforce was ageing rapidly.
B. Wearable heat sensors lacked great accuracy.
C. Employers attached little importance to heat exhaustion.
【精选真题01】
（2022·河南中原名校联考）
Heat can kill. It lowers a worker’s ability to concentrate and leads to notable increases in workplace injuries, research suggests.
D. How Were Body Temperature Monitors Invented?
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是减少户外工作的员工中暑风险的两种新技术。
【解析】
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Outdoor workers, notably those within the construction and agricultural industry, are the most affected by rising heat.(户外工作人员，尤其是建筑业和农业行业的工作人员，受高温影响最大。)”可知，划线词所在句子的意思是“即使是世界上最健康的人也容易受影响，就像奥运会运动员在东京的高温中倒下一样”，划线词impressionable的意思是“容易受影响”，和Easily influenced意思相近，故选C。
B. To show their employers are responsible.
高考英语阅读理解备考策略：阅读理解之说明文主旨类
A study of 500,000 songs released（发行）in the
UK between 1985 and 2015 showed that pop
music had decreased in happiness and increased in
sadness.
题：What can be a suitable title for the text?
由第一句的问题得知本文与拖 延有关；又从最后一句中的 But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem
C. The reason to overlook future needs and desires
D. The way to reduce stress and improve happiness
Be more connected to your future self. 题：What does the passage mainly talk about? A. A way to get things done in time B. The harmful effects of procrastination
D. Robotic fly—a copy of the real live insect does naturally.
Are you a procrastinator（拖延者）? It’s a common problem.
And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people
（1）事物说明文的说明对象可以是实体事物， 也可以是抽象事物；这种说明文旨在说明事物 “是什么”、“怎么样”。 （2）事理说明文的说明对象是事物的内部规律 性，这种说明文旨在说明事物“为什么”是这 样的。
高考英语作文详解说明文分析
高考英语作文详解说明文分析高考英语作文详解说明文分析随着高考英语作文考试的临近，许多同学开始备战了。
英语作文是高考中的重要部分，它考察的不仅是语法和词汇，更是表达能力和思维能力。
其中，说明文是一种常见的写作形式，本文将从结构、语言和写作技巧三个方面进行详解分析，帮助同学们更好地掌握这种写作形式。
一、结构分析说明文主要分为三部分：引入部分、主体部分和结束部分。
引入部分需要引出要说明的问题或现象，引起读者的兴趣，概括性地介绍文章的主要内容。
主体部分是介绍、阐述和说明的重点，需要详细的陈述事实、数据、原理和解释，让读者清楚地了解问题的来龙去脉。
结束部分需要总结文章的主要观点或结论，给读者留下深刻的印象。
二、语言分析说明文的语言应该准确、简明、清晰，语气应该客观、严谨，不应该带有个人的情感色彩。
在语法方面，说明文需要注意使用一般现在时和被动语态，注意主谓一致和时态的使用，避免句子结构过于复杂。
在词汇方面，需要注意使用简单明了的词语，不使用过于华丽的修辞手法，避免读者产生理解困难。
三、写作技巧在写作说明文时，需要注意以下几点：1.明确写作目的和对象，确定要说明的问题或现象。
2.选取合适的材料和数据，准确表达事实和原理。
3.注意文中的逻辑关系，使文章条理清晰。
4.使用丰富的标点符号，突出重点，引导读者理解。
5.检查文章的语言表述是否准确，是否有语法错误等问题。
范文：如何认真备考高考英语说明文写作呢？首先，我们需要了解说明文的结构，要清楚地把握引入部分、主体部分和结束部分之间的逻辑关系，确保文章的条理性和连贯性。
在语言方面，我们要注意使用简单明了的词语，使用一般现在时和被动语态等语法形式，避免句子过于复杂，带有个人情感色彩。
最后，在写作时，我们还需要选取合适的材料和数据，准确表达事实和原理，使用丰富的标点符号突出重点，检查文章的语言表述是否准确，是否有语法错误等问题。
只有在这些方面做得足够认真，才能写出优秀的说明文，为高考英语作文取得好成绩打下坚实的基础。
高考英语大题冲关秘笈 阅读理解之说明文 解题技巧
2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文解题技巧高考阅读理解中，说明文为主要体裁之一。
高考阅读理解题的设问主要围绕以下四方面：细节事实题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、猜测词义题。
其中，说明文主要以细节事实、主旨大意和猜测词义三方面问题为主。
一、词义猜测类题型阅读理解题中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。
历年英语高考题中均有此类题目，有的文章尽管没有专门设题，但由于文章中常常出现生词，因此，词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。
解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。
判断一个单词的意思不但离不开句子，而且还需要把句子放在上下文中，根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测。
运用构词法,语境等推测关键词义，可以根据以下几种方法猜测：（一）内在逻辑关系根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义。
1.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay 这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思.这是高三册第八单元阅读第五段的句子：The word ＂secure＂ in paragraph 5 line is closest in meaning to_________.A.freefromanxietyB.anxiousC.nervousD.happy根据上下文和同义词，可以选出答案A。
二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus（金星）,Mars（火星）,Jupiter（木星）均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于＂行星＂这一义域.通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊,不漂亮的意思。
03阅读理解说明文(冲关秘笈)-备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈含解析(1)
备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈专题03 阅读理解说明文一、方法概述所谓科技说明文，就是指研究自然科学与技术的文章.说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体,它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事理,达到教人以知识的目的，在结构上往往采用总分、递进等方式按一定的顺序(如时间、空间、从现象到本质）进行说明.说明文的特点是客观、简练、语言准确、明了，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。
阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、构造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特点等。
最近五年，说明文的出现变化不大,一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题;高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题；人文方面的经典。
由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式,即由简到难的方式，因此说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的,通常后置.阅读理解试题的中要考点之一是考查学生对词汇和句式的掌握。
说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。
词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的生词较多，通常达到了4—5%。
不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助理解语篇，例如,同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号(如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明)等。
二、命题方式考点一细节理解题说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似.命题区域都有其共同点：⑴在列举处命题，如用first(1y）、second（1y）、third(1y）finally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。
试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。
⑵在例证处命题，句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证,这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。
⑶在转折对比处命题，一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。
高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文名校模拟
2021高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文名校模拟题组一Passage1(2021届山东枣庄三中高三9月质量检测) It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, ＂Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.＂The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbedinto the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight.For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.1．The passage is mainly for those_________.A. who produce wineB. who have a drinking habitC. who go on a dietD. who are eager to lose weight2．The underlined phrase＂in moderation＂in the first paragraph means _________.A. excitedlyB. carefullyC. frequentlyD. properly3．What can we learn from the passageA. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat.C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.4．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that followsA. How to do some easy experiments.B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine.C. How to prove the finding mentioned above.D. How to make wine in a healthy way.Passage2〔2021届东北师大附中高三第六次模拟考试〕When young people begin to live independently, home-hunting can bring some stress. But they would do well to remember that a new alternative is available—micro-home.Called ＂tiny houses＂, these houses have all living necessities in a small package, including kitchen, bedroom and bathroom. Generally under 50 square meters, most tiny houses accommodate just one or two people though some claim the space for more. What’s lost in size is not lost in design as these homes are often quite unique and modern in design.Besides an attractive appearance, tiny houses can also have unique practical features. Making the best of urban space, the 72- to122-centimeter-wide Keret House in Warsaw, the world’s narrowesthome, fills in an alley. The Ecocapsule home uses solar power, wind power and rainwater collection to enable its owner to live practically anywhere. A system of rails allows the DALE micro-home to adjust room size and number as well as adding the option of an open or enclosed courtyard.Visually appealing as micro-homes are, there are a few drawbacks to consider before getting cozy on a mini-couch. Moving into a tiny house requires the removing of most non-essentials, regardless of the emotional connection to them. Guests will also mostly be out of the question as the limited space may even cause a solitary (独居) individual to experience some cabin fever (幽闭症). And finally, a micro-home is likely a temporary living option for most people since they will probably start families and acquiremore possessions.Though the limitations will scare some, there is usually a benefit. A small size results in a small price tag and small bills, making tiny houses easier to save up for and budget. And though you won’t have much stuff around the house, this can provide the comfort of simple living and repairs. Micro-homes are also practically mobile and have eco-friendliness that can’t be matched by other homes. They probably aren’t for everyone or forever, but when it comes to your next (or first) home, they could be just what you need.1．What can be learnt about micro-homes from the second paragraphA. People have to eat out as there is no cooking area.B. These homes are poorly designed due to the small size.C. All of the houses are under 50 square meters in size.D. Such houses aren’t necessarily inconvenient though tiny. 2．The third paragraph is mainly developed ________.A. by giving examplesB. by making comparisonsC. by following the time orderD. by describing the process3．Micro-homes are especially fit for ________.A. a young couple in hope of settling down permanentlyB. an individual constantly suffering from cabin feverC. a college graduate on a tight budget for the time beingD. a family of five in favor of environmental protection4．What can be a suitable title for the textA. Is Your House Tiny EnoughB. Why Not Enlarge Your HouseC. East Or West, Home Is the Best!D. Micro-homes—More Than Tiny!Passage3〔2021届山东省潍坊中学高三上学期开学考试〕You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot〔虚拟聊天机器人〕.Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot, was brieflyreleased in 2021, and returned to WeChat in 2021 , where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice.＂Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice,＂Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis 〔表情符号〕in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported.Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech companies, they are becoming smarter and more common. For instance, IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia’s Deakin University, answering students’questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users.These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a ＂Samantha＂, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates.1．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 meanA. She became a best seller.B. She became very powerful.C. She became a money maker.D. She became very popular.2．Which of the following can Xiaoice doA. Do housework.B. Spread messages.C. Identify various photos.D. Read news to its users.3．Which company’s chatbot program can act as an academic consultantA. Microsoft.B. IBM.C. Apple.D. Amazon.4．What can be learned from the last paragraphA. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon.B. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now.C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film.D. The film Her doesn’t interest many audience.Passage4〔2021届湖北省孝感高级中学高三4月〕Professional courses, such as Masters in International Business or MIB, have been taken by many students in the last two decades. They are choosing new-age non-conventional courses that guarantee a better future. MIB is a specialized course that teaches the international business. There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course.The course content and teaching methods of MIB are quite different from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration. It has been designed with the sole objective of developing professionals with an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the international trade. The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course.The massive increase in the international business and foreign trade gives excellent job prospects(前景) to the new generation. Acquiring a degree of MIB offers outstanding growth of job opportunities. Those who want to pursue in the field of marketing also have a good future after completing the degree from a reputed MIB college. Big multinationalorganizations look for talented people who can handle the job pro International Marketing Manage, and people with MIB degrees are preferred. The pro an in-depth understanding of the overseas markets, because it is the strategic post from the perspective of company’s international business growth.Since business finance and economics are covered at length in the curriculum of MIB, students have great job offers in the field of finance as well. Typically, organizations offer the pro international finance controllers to those who complete MIB with the specialization of finance. The specialization covers aspects of international taxes, accounts, budgeting and so on. People in this field are well-paid, and growth prospects are unlimited. After completing degree course from a reputed MIB college, there is a good scope in the banking and finance sector as well. International banks appoint people who have an excellent grasp over the international banking policies, currency exchange, and international policies. Thus, MIB is the golden key to success with brilliant job opportunities in national and multinational sectors. 1．The second paragraph is mainly developed by _______.A. analyzing causesB. listing figuresC. making comparisonsD. proving definition2．More and more people intend to acquire a degree of MIB because _______.A. it is a compulsory course in the collegesB. it offers them conventional economic knowledgeC. it offers them opportunities to do small businessesD. it helps them get good jobs in some organizations3．What can we learn from the last paragraphA. The international finance controller is a high-quality job.B. People get higher salary in business field than in finance field.C. MIB holders are more promising in all careers than others.D. International banks only accept employees from MIB colleges. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this articleA. To make an advertisement for the MIB course.B. To analyze the disadvantages of the MIB course.C. To explain why the MIB course is getting popular.D. To predict the development trend of the MIB course.题组二Passage1〔2021届安徽蚌埠市第二中学高三12月月考〕As we all know, millions of people worldwide cook their food over smoky fire every day. It is often difficult to find wood for the fire. People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel. However, there is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun.Solar cooker, or ovens, have been used for centuries. A Swiss scientist made the first solar oven in seventeen sixty-seven. Today, people are using solar cookers in many countries around the world. People use solar ovens to cook food and to heat drinking water to kill bacteria and other harmful organisms.There are three kinds of solar ovens. The first is a box cooker, It is designed with a special wall that shines or reflects sunlight into the box .Heat gets trapped under a piece of glass or plastic covering the top of the cooker. A box oven is effective for slow cooking of large amounts of food.The second kind of solar oven is a panel cooker. It includes several flat walls or panels that directly reflect the sun’s light onto the food. The food is inside a separate container of plastic or glass that traps heat energy. People can build panel cookers quickly and with very few supplies. They do not cost much. In Kenya ,for example ,panel cookers are being manufactured for just two dollars.The third kind of solar oven is a parabolic cooker. It has rounded walls that aim sunlight directly into the bottom of the oven. Food cooks quickly in parabolic ovens. However, these cookers are hard to make. They must be re-aimed often to follow the sun. Parabolic cookers can also cause burns and eye injuries if they are not used correctly.You can make solar ovens from boxes or heavy paper. They will not catch fire. Paper burns at two hundred thirty-two degrees Celsius. A solar cooker never gets that hot. Solar ovens cook food at low temperatures over longperiods of time. This permits people to leave food to cook while they do other things.1．If you have much food to cook , you’d better choose________ .A. a box cookerB. a panel cookerC. a parabolic cookerD. a paper cooker 2．According to the passage we can conclude that ______.A. panel cooker is easy to makeB. box cooker is easy to makeC. box cooker is the most effective ovenD. panel cooker is the cheapest oven of the three3．What is the main purpose of the author in writing the passageA. To advertise the solar ovens.B. To help readers to save cost on fuel.C. To tell the readers how to make solar ovens.D. To give the readers brief introduction of solar ovens.Passage2〔2021届湖北荆州中学高三上第一次质检〕We take it for granted that with memory we can remember most of things which happened in our life. But it is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions(感知), the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots ofour habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the ability to keep information available for later use. It not only includes＂remembering＂things like arithmetic(算术) or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity(容量) of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 ＂words＂—strings of alphabetic or numerical characters—ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 1000,000 words of English. However, this is but a part of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals. 1．Which of the following is true about memoryA. It helps us perceive things happening around us every day.B. It is based on the decisions we made in the past.C. It is rooted in our past habits and skills.D. It connects our past experiences with the present.2．According to the passage, memory is helpful in one’s life in the following aspects EXCEPT that________________.A. it involves a change in one’s behaviorB. it keeps information for later useC. it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD. it enables one to remember events that happened in the past 3．What is the major characteristic of man’s memory capacity according to the authorA. It can be expanded by language.B. It can remember all the combined words.C. It may keep all the information in the past.D. It may change what has been stored in it.4．Human beings make themselves different from other animals by________.A. having the ability to perceive dangerB. having a far greater memory capacityC. having the ability to recognize faces and places on sightD. having the ability to draw on past experiencesPassage3〔2021届甘肃兰州一中高三9月考〕The Process of AgeingAt the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the possibility of death is least. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable (易受伤); later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigorous and resistance which, though vague at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us.This decline in vigorous with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we mustdecline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and disease we shall eventually ＂die of old age＂, and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer — on into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and physically strong we are.Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigorous with time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes. They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things ＂wear out＂.Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound (上发条) watch, or the sun, do in fact ran out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (热力学). But these are not similar or equivalent to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself — it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction (摩擦). We could, at one time, repair ourselves —well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power, an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay asvigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again. 1．What can be learned from this passage is that ______.A. people usually are unhappy when they are reminded of ageingB. children reach their full intelligence at the age of twelve yearsC. people are usually more likely to die at the age of twelve yearsD. our first twelve years represent the peak of human development 2．The underlined word ＂it＂in the last sentence of Paragraph Two refers to ______.A. remaining alive until 65B. dying before 65 or after 80C. remaining alive after 80D. dying between 65 and 803．What does ＂ageing＂mean according to the passageA. It is a fact that people cannot live any longer.B. It refers to a gradual loss of vigor and resistance.C. It is usually a phenomenon of dying at an old age.D. It is a period when people are easily attacked by illness. 4．What do the examples of the watch refer to in the last paragraphA. Normally people are quite familiar with the ageing process.B. The law of thermodynamics functions in the ageing process.C. All animals and other organisms undergo the ageing process.D. Human’s ageing process is different from that of mechanisms.Passage4〔2021 -2021学年四川成都外国语校期末考试〕You are watching a film in which two men are having a fight. They hit one another hard. At the start they only fight with their fists. But soon they begin hitting one another over the heads with chairs. And so it goes on until one of the men crashes (撞击) through a window and falls thirty feet to the ground below. He is dead！Of course he isn’t really dead. With any luck he isn’t even hurt. Why Because the men who fall out of highwindows or jump from fast moving trains, who crash cars of even catch fire, are professionals. They do this for a living. These men are called stuntmen. That is to say, they perform tricks. There are two sides to their work. They actually do most of the things you see on the screen. For example, they fall from a high building. However, they do not fall on to hard ground but on to empty cardboard boxes covered with a mattress (床垫). Again, when they hit one another with chairs, the chairs are made of soft wood and when they crash through windows, the glass is made of sugar! But although their work depends on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and training. Often a stuntman’s success depends on careful timing. For example, when he is ＂blown up＂in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion just at the right moment.Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They often get seriously injured, and sometimes killed.A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff (悬崖) a thousand feet high. His parachute (降落伞) failed to open, and he was killed. In spite of all the risks, this is no longer a profession for men only. Men no longer dress up as women when actresses have to perform some dangerous action. For nowadays there are stuntgirls too. 1．Stuntmen earn their living by ______.A. playing their dirty tricksB. selling their special skillsC. jumping out of high windowsD. jumping from fast moving trains2．When a stuntman falls from a high building, ______.A. he needs little protectionB. he will be covered with a mattressC. his life is endangeredD. his safety is generally all right3．Which of the following is the main factor (因素) of a successful performanceA. Strength.B. Exactness.C. Speed.D. Carefulness.4．What can be inferred from the author’s example of the Norwegian stuntmanA. Sometimes an accident can occur to a stuntman.B. The percentage of serious accidents is high.C. Parachutes must be of good quality.D. The cliff is too high.题组一Passage 1【文章大意】文章讲述了饮酒与安康关系，告诉我们适量葡萄酒还会减肥。
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2017高考英语大题冲关秘笈阅读理解之说明文考纲解读
在复习中应着重加大语篇分析的训练，提高学生语篇分析能力和语言的综合运用能力，要精选一些短文阅读试题进行渐进式的强化练习，注重做题时间的控制和阅读速度的定量提高。
从练入手强化知识的运用，从分析入手注重能力的提高，从结果入手寻找适应的差距。
要尽可能使自己始终处于积极的思维状态，充分调动大脑中的语言知识，在训练中不断地加以分析、辨异、综合、深化，使整个复习过程处于不断变化、提高、求新、向高考目标接近的运动状态之中。
要做好阅读理解，提高阅读能力，就必须扩大阅读量，探求阅读方法。
对于这方面我们主要加强对以下四个方面的模块训练，一是＂理解主旨要义＂，二是＂理解文中具体信息＂，三是＂根据上下文推断生词的词义＂，四是＂做出简单的判断和推理＂。
学生复习阅读，首先要对照《考纲》对阅读提出的六点能力要求，（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；（4）作出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
检查一下自己在这六个方面中存在的缺陷。
要求学生做到持之以恒，要求每天阅读三到四篇，限时21-28分钟。
在训练中努力培养学生的学科意识和学科思维能力。
提高＂识别考点，寻找已知条件、排错求证＂的思维能力。
因为复习本身也是一种再创造活动。
1。