四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题-农业经济学
四川农业大学考研真题之农业知识综合四
四川农业大学2011年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题科目名称： 342农业知识综合四(总分：150分)适用专业： 095100农业推广硕士考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！发展经济学部分一、名词解释（每小题5分，共10分）1. 制度2. 人力资本二、简答题（每1小题8分，每2小题12分，共20分）1.依据库兹涅茨的观点，现代经济增长具有哪些特征？2.发展中国家政府主要应承担哪些经济职能？如何提升政府部门能力以充分发挥发展中国家政府的经济职能？三、论述题（本题20分）试论“建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会”的内涵、理念与目标。
农村政策学部分一、多项选择（共12分，每题2分，共6题。
多选、错选、漏选均不给分）1、政策是由（）三大要素组成的一个严密的逻辑体系。
A政策背景B政策目标C政策手段D政策对象E政策主体2、从农业政策问题构成内容来看，它具有下述明显的特征（）。
A相互依赖性B客观性C人为性D动态性E历史性3、农业政策评估的标准主要有（）。
A生产力标准B生产关系标准C政策效率标准D社会福利标准E政策效益标准4、下列耕地中，应当划入基本农田保护区的是（）。
A经国务院有关主管部门或者县级以上地方政府批准的粮、棉、油生产基地内的耕地B有良好的水利与水土保持设施的耕地，正在实施改造计划以及可以改造的中、低产田C蔬菜生产基地D农业科研、教学实验田E国务院规定应当划入基本农田保护的其他耕地5、根据《农业技术推广法》有关规定，农业技术推广应当遵循的原则有（）。
A有利于农业发展B尊重农业劳动者的意愿C因地制宜，经过试验、示范D讲求农业生产的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益E实行科研单位、有关学校、推广机构与群众性科技组织、科技人员、农业劳动者相结合6、国内价格政策手段的具体措施主要有（ABC）A价格管制措施B补贴措施C数量管理措施D出口鼓励措施E进口限制措施二、名词解释（共12分，每题4分，共3题）1、农业政策2、农业政策问题3、农业政策目标三、简答（共26分，共4题）1、简述农业政策执行的影响因素。
农业经济学考研题库及答案
农业经济学考研题库及答案农业经济学考研题库及答案农业经济学是经济学的一个重要分支，研究农业生产、农村经济和农民生活等问题。
对于农业经济学的学习和研究，考研题库是一个重要的辅助工具。
下面将介绍一些常见的农业经济学考研题目及其答案。
一、选择题1.农业经济学的研究对象是：A. 农业生产B. 农村经济C. 农民生活D. 以上都是答案：D. 以上都是解析：农业经济学研究的对象包括农业生产、农村经济和农民生活等方面，因此选项D是正确的。
2.农业经济学的基本理论包括：A. 农业供求理论B. 农业价格理论C. 农业生产理论D. 以上都是答案：D. 以上都是解析：农业经济学的基本理论包括农业供求理论、农业价格理论和农业生产理论等，因此选项D是正确的。
3.农业经济学的研究方法包括：A. 实证分析法B. 理论分析法C. 统计分析法D. 以上都是答案：D. 以上都是解析：农业经济学的研究方法包括实证分析法、理论分析法和统计分析法等，因此选项D是正确的。
二、填空题1.农业经济学的研究范围包括农业生产、农村经济和农民生活等方面。
2.农业经济学的基本理论包括农业供求理论、农业价格理论和农业生产理论等。
3.农业经济学的研究方法包括实证分析法、理论分析法和统计分析法等。
三、简答题1.农业经济学的研究意义是什么？答：农业经济学的研究意义主要体现在以下几个方面。
首先，农业经济学的研究可以帮助我们更好地了解农业生产和农村经济的运行规律，为农业发展提供科学依据。
其次，农业经济学的研究可以帮助我们分析农村经济与城市经济之间的联系与互动，推动农村经济的发展。
最后，农业经济学的研究可以帮助我们了解农民的生活状况和需求，为制定农村扶贫政策提供参考。
2.农业供求理论的基本原理是什么？答：农业供求理论的基本原理是农产品的供给量与需求量之间存在着一定的关系。
农业供给量受到农业生产能力、农业生产成本和农业政策等因素的影响，而农产品的需求量受到人口数量、收入水平和消费习惯等因素的影响。
四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题-兽医临床诊断学
四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题科目名称：3089兽医临床诊断学(总分：100分)适用专业：临床兽医学考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！一、多项选择题（请选出每题的所有正确答案，漏选或多选，该小题均不得分；每小题2分，共20分）1. 下列指标，那一项对脱水程度判定最为可靠（）。
A. 皮肤弹性减退B. 血液浓缩C. 尿量减少或无尿D. PCV升高2. 湿咳多见于（）。
A. 肺炎B. 结核钙化期C. 胸膜炎D. 气管异物E. 肺水肿F. 肺脓肿3. 犬呕吐不止甚至出现干呕，空腹也发生，多见于（）。
A. 脑部损伤B. 过食C. 食物性胃肠炎D. 食道异物阻塞E. 中毒F. 肠梗阻4. 多尿可见于下列（）情况。
A.大量饮水或输液后B.慢性肾炎C.膀胱结石D.呕吐或腹泻E.急性肾炎F.犬糖尿病5. 白细胞数减少，见于（）。
A. 炎症性疾病B. 犬瘟热等病毒病C. 细菌感染D. 放射性损伤E. 白血病F. 化脓性疾病6. 下列因素，哪些可引起猪出现流产（）。
A. 细小病毒感染B. 大肠杆菌感染C. 猪瘟D. 霉败饲料E. 弓形体感染F. 伪狂犬病7. 犬腹部触诊检查时，发现腹腔有质地坚实的团块，可能是（）。
A. 子宫蓄脓B. 肿瘤C. 妊娠的胎儿D. 肾脏E.肠套叠F. 膀胱结石8. 器质性心内缩期杂音见于（）。
A.心包摩擦音B.房室瓣闭所不全C.房室口狭窄D.动脉口狭窄E.动脉瓣闭所不全F.贫血性杂音9. 肺泡呼吸音减弱或消失，见于（）。
A.大叶性肺炎B.发热C.渗出性胸膜炎D.贫血E.小叶性肺炎F.猪萎缩性鼻炎10. 下列因素，哪些可引起断奶仔猪出现腹泻（）。
A.饲料干燥，饮水不足B.断奶应激C.霉败饲料中毒D.天气突然变冷E.高热性疾病F.饲料粗蛋白过高二、简要回答下列问题（20分）1、怀疑动物肾脏功能障碍，在临床及检验方面，应作哪些项目检查（列出可能出现的病理性变化指标，10分）2、反应反刍兽消化功能障碍的主要指标有哪些，并列出可能的主要变化（10分）三、某规模化养猪场发生疫病，发病猪有逐日增多的趋势，请你作检查，可能的疾病类型有哪些？请阐述检查的主要步骤？（30分）四、在临床检验中，反应肝脏病变的指标主要有哪些？在肝脏病变时上述指标分别有哪些变化？（30分）。
1080英语
四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题科目名称：1080英语(总分：100分)适用专业：各专业考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！Part I: Reading comprehension(60 points)Passage onePeople tend to be more impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship. Thus many are convinced their dreams are prophetic because a few have come true; they neglect or fail to notice the many that have not.Consider also the belief that “the phone always rings when I’m in the shower.” If it does ring while you are in the shower, the event will stand out and be remembered. If it doesn't ring, that nonevent probably won’t even register(留下印象).People want to see order, pattern and meaning in the world. Consider, for example, the c ommon belief that things like personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths “happen in threes.”Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to define the time period. If three plane crashes occur in a month, then the period of time that counts as their “happening together” is one month; if three crashes occur in a year, the period of time is stretched. Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs.We also tend to believe what we want to believe what we want to believe. A majority of people think they are more intelligent, more fair-minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average person. Part of the reason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteria that work to our advantage. As economist Thoma s Schilling explains. “Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values: careful drivers give weight to care, skilled drivers give weight to skill, and those who are polite give weight to courtesy,” This way everyone ranks high on his own scale.Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious in drawing conclusions. The “evidence” of everyday life is sometimes misleading.1. In the first paragraph the author states that _________.A dreams cannot be said to be prophetic even though a few have come trueB dreams are prophetic because some of them id come trueC dreams may come true if clearly rememberedD dreams and reality are closely related2. By “things like…” “happen in threes”, the author indicates that people believe __________.A personal misfortunes tend to happen every now and thenB personal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths usually happen togetherC misfortunes tend to occur according to certain patternsD misfortunes will never occur more than three times to a person in his lifetime3. The word “courtesy” probably means _________.A good mannersB appropriate speechC friendly relationsD satisfactory service4. What can be inferred from the passage?A Happenings that go unnoticed deserve more attention.B In a series of misfortunes the third one is usually the most serious.C People tend to make use of evidence that supports their own beliefs.D Believers of misfortunes happening the threes are cautious in interpreting events.5. It can be concluded from the passage that _________.A there is some truth even in the widest dreamsB one should take notice of other people’s meritsC there is no order or pattern in world eventsD we should not base our conclusions on accidental evidencePassage twoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. “The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Again. “Most of us don't need that kindof skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness.” Foz ard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skill, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. “The point is, you need to do both,” Cohen says. “Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”6. People who are cognitively healthy are those _______.A who can remember large amounts of informationB who are highly intelligentC whose minds are alert and receptiveD who are good at recognizing different sounds7. According to Fozards argument people can make their brains work more efficiently by_______.A constantly doing memory workB taking part in various mental activitiesC going through specific trainingD making frequent adjustments8. The findings of James and other scientists in their work _________.A remain a theory to further provedB have been challenged by many other expertsC have been generally acceptedD are practiced by the researchers themselves9. Older people are generally advised to ___________.A keep fit by going in for physical activitiesB keep mentally active by challenges through specific trainingC maintain mental alertness through specific trainingD maintain a balance between individual and group activities10. What is the passage mainly about?A How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.B Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally.C How intellectual activities influence brain-cell healthD Why people should receive special mental training as they age.Passage threeFor decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.Historian John Kee gan writes: “Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945, killed no one. The 50,000,000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, costing little more than the transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train.Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in countries that are poor----too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems. Small arms and light weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is approximately the cost of a single modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars’ worth of small arms and light weapons, not with money, but with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal organizations to use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns in the other.11. It is implied in the passage that _____.A the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreementB small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-controlC the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminishedD unclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago12. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because ____.A They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism.B They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons.C They face other more important problems such as pollution.D They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time.13. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?A Small arms are cheap.B Small arms are powerful.C Small arms are easier to use.D Small arms are easier to get.14. We can conclude from the passage that _____.A small arms are not expensive in the black-marketB it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamondC criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small armsD where there are drugs, there are small arms15. The best title for this passage is _____.A Small Arms Talks, Not Nuclear Arms Talks.B Neglect of Small Arms Control.C Global Traffic in Small Arms.D Small Arms, Big Problems.Passage fourIt is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalizedprocess of schooling.16. What is the main idea of the passage ?A The best schools teach a wide variety of subjects.B Education and schooling are quite different experiences.C Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.D The more years students go to school the better their education is.17. What does the author probably mean by using the expression “Children interrupt theireducation to go to school”( Sent. 2, Para. 1) ?A Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.B School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.C Summer school makes the school year too long.D All of life is an education.18. The phrase “For example,” (Sent. 4, Para. 3), introduces a sentence that gives examples of______.A similar textbooksB the results of schoolingC the workings of a governmentD the boundaries of classroom subject19. The passage supports which of the following conclusions ?A Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.B Education systems need to be radically reformed.C Going to school is only part of how people become educated.D Education involves many years of professional training.20. The passage is organized by _______.A listing and discussing several educational problemsB contrasting the meanings of two related wordsC narrating a story about excellent teachersD giving examples of different kinds of schoolsPassage fiveJust about 40% of employees and managers in a North American survey said they know how they can increase their base pay or cash bonuses. The results suggest employers lose much of the value of the pay raises and bonuses they distribute by not communicating effectively. “M any employees and managers simply don’t understand why they get paid what they do,” points out Rob Heneman, professor of management and human resources, Ohio State University, Columbus. “Businesses can’t get a good return of their compensation investment if people don’t understand how their pay is determined.”The survey of more than 6,000managers and employees in 26 organizations in the U.S. and Canada showed that employees and managers felt their employers did a good job explaining their performance objectives and the way their performance is measured. They were unclear, though, about how performance was related to pay. Surprisingly, employees reported they knew more about stock options at their companies and how they are determined than how base pay is. However, the results showed that base pay knowledge plays a larger role in overall pay satisfaction than do other forms of compensation, such as bonuses. Employees who had higher levels of pay knowledge showed greater overall pay satisfaction, which, in turn, was linked to higher levels of retention（聘用）, commitment to the company, and even trust in management. In other words, Heneman emphasizes, ensuring that employees understand their pay is good for acompany’s bottom line.He feels that corporate culture is often a major problem in dealing with the lack of pay knowledge among workers. In many companies, it is considered taboo—or even explicitly forbidden—to discuss matters dealing with salary. In lieu of (代替) disclosing actual pay amounts of employees to others within the company, management can provide more information about pay practices and policies, such as the process used to determine salary, and the average of raises in a particular year. Workers want more than generalities; they want to know how pay policies apply to their particular situation, Heneman points out. That often means managers need to sit down with their employees one-on-one.21. What does the North American Survey mainly suggest?A. If the employers make their pay policy known better, the company would get more in return.B. If the employers make their pay policy known better, they would get pay raises and bonuses.C. If the employees know more about the pay policy of the company, they would get more.D. If the employees know more about the pay policy of the company, they would become onein the management.22. The employers of many companies failed to ______.A. explain what their performance objectives wereB. explain the way performance was measuredC. explain the way performance was related to payD. explain how performance was related to promotion23. Which of the following is the most important factor in overall pay satisfaction?A. Stock options.B. Bonuses.C. Corporate culture.D. Base pay.24. The employees who understand and are satisfied with their pay would ______.A. be willing to remain in the bottom lineB. be willing to be loyal and dedicated to the companyC. be ensured that their pay is justifiedD. be ensured that their employers are worthwhile25. What can employers do to help their employees know better how pay is determined?A. They can shatter the taboo by encouraging discussion about salary matters among theemployees.B. They can disclose pay amounts of employees to others within the company.C. They can talk with individual employee about how pay policies apply to his particularsituation.D. They can tell all employees the total of raises in a particular year.Passage sixWhy do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through aset of standard patterns into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnection between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard patterns” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-sized cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists ate more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses（奔驰车）, and trade stocks, and they are less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums（讨论会）and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.26. The passage is mainly about ______.A. needs of the readers all over the worldB. causes of the public disappointment about newspapersC. origins of the declining newspaper industryD. aims of a journalism credibility project27. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.A. quite trustworthyB. somewhat contradictoryC. very funningD. rather superficial28. As for the survey, which of the following statements is true?A. The residents to be surveyed are decided beforehand.B. The residents in 5 cities are surveyed.C. The survey shows that reporters and their readers share the same lifestyle.D. The replies of the residents show that church is probably their haunts.29. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______.A. working attitudeB. lack of reporting skillsC. world outlookD. educational background30. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ______.A. failure to realize its real problemB. tendency to hire annoying reportersC. likeliness to do inaccurate reportingD. prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage sevenIs life today more dangerous than it used to be? It certainly seems that way．With the radiation emitted by our houses，the arsenic（砷）in the water and the toxic rayscoming out of cell phones，it isn't really safe to sleep，drink or talk．Last week the entire Metro system in Washmgton had to close down because some- one might be blown onto the tracks during a hurricane．This week children in Washing- ton were not allowed to go to school for a whole day because streets were blocked by fallen trees and power 1ines，and traffic lights at some intersections weren't working．A previous generation might have walked around the fallen trees and looked both ways be- fore crossing the street，but the children of this generation clearly live in a much more dangerous world，and we need to protect them．After Sept.11，2001，thousands of people swore off airplanes and began driving cars．In fact，the odds of being killed in a terrorist incident in 2002 were one in 9 mil- lion．In that same year，the odds of dying in a traffic accident were about one in 7,000．By taking the precaution of not flying，many people died．There are some clear psychological explanations for some of this．It's a fact that people fear man-made disasters（terrorism）far more than they fear natural disasters (hurricanes)，and they are more afraid of things they do not control，which is why driv- ing a car does feel safer than flying in an airplane．Also，although I have no proof，I'll hazard a guess that people are disproportionately frightened by things they read about in the newspaper．By contrast，they are disproportionately willing to discount the evidenceof their own experience．If you look around your neighborhood，you’1l notice that thewater is clean—which it wouldn't necessarily have been 100 years ago—and that the food isn’t rotten or stale．Life is far safer for the average American than it ever has tor j ust about anyboay at any other time in human history—and maybe that explains the ludicrous precautions that city officials and federal bureaucrats and everyone else feels obligated to take nowadavs to satisfy the public's demands．Now that we'Ve eliminated most of the things thatthe human race once feared，we've just invented new ones to replace them．31．Children are not allowed to go to school for the following reasons EXCEPT ．A．fallen trees B．fallen power linesC．a coming hurricane D．broken traffic lights32．It can be learned from the passage that the previous generation ．A．knew better how to avoid dangerB．was less fussy about dangersC．1ived in a more dangerous worldD．was better at protecting themselves33．Which is the accepted psychological explanation for people's fear as mentioned in the passage?A．People are more afraid of things they do not know than things they are familiar with．B．People are more afraid of dangers reported in newspapers than those they experience．C．People are more afraid of flying in an airplane than riding a train.D．People are more afraid of terrorist disasters than natural disasters．34．It is indicated in the passage that in the pastA．life was more enjoyableB．water was less clean and freshC．foods were of better taste and qualityD．streets were safer for children to cross35．The author believes that ．A．people are overreacting to dangers nowadaysB．people have good reason to fear the dangers todayC．life is full of dangers，especially after the 9．11 attacksD．children should be better protected against dangersPassage eightAccording to new research of Prof．Randolf Menzel from the Free University in Berlin，the popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate．“Al—though we see bees buzzing around tirelessly in spring and summer，the common belief in a bee’s busy nature is based on a misconception，” he said．People only really see bees when they’re out flying，or they look at a colony of bees and see thousands of them buzzing around．They don't get to pick them out as individuals．The professor，who this month won a German Zoological Society award for his work on bees，added that bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence，advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly．The suggestion that bees were not pulling their weight met with skepticism from British beekeepers．Glyn Davies，the President of the British Beekeepers Association，said that bees were not lazy but efficient，“At any particular stage in its energy by doing nothing．Each bee has a unit of life energy and the faster it works，the faster it dies．They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chickens．”The idea of the busy bee is several thousand years old．One current author who has nothing but admiration for the bee is Paul Theroux，the novelist and part-time beekeeper．“I have never seen a bee s l e e p i n g．M y b e e s n e v e r s t o p w o r k i n g，”h e s a i d．M r．Theroux added that Prof．Menzel’s research could have been affected by his national origins．“Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work，the bee does look lazy，”he said．Few people think that the busy bee idea will go away，despite the efforts of Prof.Menzel.It seems absurd to apply the word“lazy”to a colony of creatures capable of producing something so extraordinary as honeycomb．The truth is that bees give us an inferiority complex that is not entirely unjustified．In fact，the worship of bees seems to be undergoing a renaissance．IBM recently ran a series of ads drawing on the“waggle dance”of bees，telling businessmen to“make your business waggle.”36．Prof．Randolf Me nzel’s latest research．A．challenges our knowledge of the relations among beesB．confirms our knowledge of the relations among beesC．challenges our perception of the nature of beesD．confirms our perception of the nature of bees37．Prof．Randolf Menzel would disagree that ．A．bees are hard working B．bees are quick learnersC．bees have intelligence D．bees have good memory38．According to Glyn Davies，what should we learn from bees?A．How to work faster．B．How to live longer．C．How to cooperate with each other．D．How to improve work efficiency．39．It could be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the Germans ．A．are easily affected by their national charactersB．are extremely busy and hard workingC．have many things in common with beesD．tend to look down upon lazy people40．The IBM ads in the passage are used to ．A．show the popularity of the idea of busy beesB．emphasize the negative image of busy beesC．initiate public discussions on the busy bee imageD．question the comparison of busy bees to humansPart II: Translate the following into Chinese(20 points).Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Grossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. “It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves.” He says.“Resume(简历) arrive with stains. Some candidates don't bother to spell the company’s mane correctly. On seeing such a mistake, I eliminate the candidate,” Crossley concludes. “If they cannot take of these details, why should we trust them with a job?”Can we pay too much attention to detail? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest of the trees”, says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop th em and move to something else”.Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break(机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.Part III: Writing(20 points)Directions: In this section, you are supposed to write a short composition within 40 minutes, and your composition should be no less than 150 English words. Your composition is based on the following information: Failures are as common as teeth brushing in our daily life. People treat failures with different attitudes. If I fail to be chosen the doctoral student in Sichuan Agricultural University this time ,I would …。
大学农业经济学考试题型及答案
大学农业经济学考试题型及答案一、选择题（共60分，每题2分，共30题）1. 农业经济学的研究对象是：A. 农业科技创新B. 农村经济发展C. 农业生产与经营活动D. 农产品市场状况2. 市场需求弹性衡量了：A. 农产品价格的波动程度B. 农产品供给的变动速度C. 农产品供需关系的紧密程度D. 农产品需求对价格变动的敏感程度3. 假设市场上某种农产品的需求量变化为Q = 100 - 2P，其中Q为需求量，P为价格。
当价格从5元/公斤变化到4元/公斤时，需求量将增加到：A. 96B. 92C. 90D. 884. 农业资源配置的核心目标是：A. 提高农产品质量B. 增加农产品产量C. 优化生产要素利用D. 扩大市场需求规模5. 农村经济增长的主要驱动力是：A. 农产品的技术创新B. 农业劳动力的流动C. 农业生产要素的优化配置D. 农产品市场需求的扩大二、问答题（共40分，每题10分，共4题）1. 请简述影响农产品价格的因素，并解释其作用。
农产品价格受到供求关系、生产成本、市场需求和政策等因素的影响。
首先，供求关系是农产品价格波动的主要因素，当供大于需时，价格可能下降，反之则可能上升。
其次，生产成本的变化也直接影响农产品价格，例如农药、化肥、种子价格的变动会导致农产品的生产成本上升或下降。
第三，市场需求的变化也会对农产品价格产生影响，需求增加时价格上升，需求减少时价格下降。
最后，政策因素也是农产品价格波动的重要原因，例如政府的补贴政策、关税政策等都会对农产品价格产生影响。
2. 请解释农业专业化和农产品多元化的概念，并比较二者的优缺点。
农业专业化是指农户或农业企业在种植、养殖、农产品加工等领域中选择专门化生产，追求规模效益和经济效益的发展模式。
农产品多元化则是指农户或农业企业在不同领域中选择多种农产品进行种植、养殖或加工，追求农产品多样化和市场适应性的发展模式。
农业专业化的优点在于集中生产、规模经营，可以实现资源的高效利用和较高的经济效益。
四川农业大学经济学概论试题及参考答案
四川农业大学网络教育专科考试经济学概论试卷（课程代码 342062）本试题一共四道大题，共2页，满分100分。
考试时间90分钟。
注意：1、答案必须填写在答题纸上，题号不清或无题号的以零分计；2、答题前，请在答题纸上准确、清楚地填写各项目；3、学号、考点名称、考室号、姓名、身份证号、课程代码、课程名称、培养层次等，不写、乱写及模糊不清者，答题纸作废；4、开卷考试，若有雷同以零分计。
一、名词解释（每小题5分、共20分）1、需求和需求规律需求：消费者在某一特定时期内，在每一价格水平下愿意而且能够购买的商品和劳务的数量。
需求规律：消费者对一般商品的需求量与需求价格之间呈现的反方向变动关系。
2、紧缩性财政政策减少政府支出的财政政策，目的是对付通货膨胀，措施有减少政府支出、增加税收或同时并举。
?3、供给价格弹性供给价格弹性是指供给量相对价格变化作出的反应程度，即某种商品价格上升或下降百分之一时，对该商品供给量增加或减少的百分比。
供给量变化率对商品自身价格变化率反应程度的一种度量，等于供给变化率除以价格变化率。
4、总收益和边际收益总收益：指厂商销售某一产品一定数量产品之后所获得的总收入。
边际收益：指厂商增加一单位产品销售所获得的总收入的增量。
二、判断并说明理由（每小题5分，共15分）1、通货膨胀发生时，工薪收入者、退休金收入者、债务人成为受害人。
（错）错。
通货膨胀发生时，债务人成为受益人。
2、企业的停止营业点发生在价格低于最低平均成本的时候。
（错）错。
企业的停止营业点发生在价格低于最低平均可变成本的时候。
3、时间的利用隐含着机会成本。
（ 对 ）三、计算题（每小题5分，共15分）某商品的需求函数为Q=50-5P ，供给函数为Q= -10+5P 。
求：1、均衡价格和均衡数量，并作出几何图形。
2、假定供给不变，由于消费者收入水平提高，需求函数变为Q=60-5P ，求新的均衡价格和均衡数量。
3、 假定需求不变，由于生产者技术水平提高，供给函数变为Q= -5+5P ，求新的均衡价格和均衡数量。
川农动物遗传育种学考博题
四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题一、简述现代畜禽品质育种的技术需求与发展趋势（20分）1 优质畜禽新品种改良技术（1）畜禽优良品种（系）的选育以常规技术为主，结合高新技术的畜禽改良方法，提高育种水平，培育优质高产畜禽新品种（系），尽快解决良种问题。
通过畜禽主要经济性状的分子遗传、数量性状主效基因的检测与利用研究，探讨基因型育种的新途径。
关键技术：准确、系统的生产性能测定技术体系；遗传评定新技术、新方法；大规模联合育种技术；繁殖生物学技术。
（2）优质高效配套系的开发杂种优势利用是畜牧生产的重要增产手段之一，在猪禽生产中广泛利用。
品种愈丰富，愈具多样性，就愈能适应环境条件和社会需求的变化。
我国具有丰富的品种遗传资源，有很大的选育潜力。
关键技术：杂种优势设计和配合力预测新技术；畜禽优势性状在配套系框架中的利用技术；繁育体系优化育种规划研究；适合不同需要的品系配套、产业化研究。
2. 畜禽品种资源保护开发利用调查、收集优良畜禽种质资源，建立种质资源数据库；研究种质资源保存新技术，建立优化包种方案，为保种和利用提供依据，使许多独特的优良畜禽品种资源得到完整保存；保护好畜禽遗传资源的多样性，为畜牧业的持续、高效发展创造条件。
关键技术：畜禽品种特性、特异性状及遗传基础研究；遗传资源保护技术的研究包括：冷冻精液、冷冻胚胎、冷冻卵细胞技术及其DNA文库研究；遗传资源管理技术和多样性保护监测程序研究；畜禽遗传资源持续利用研究。
3. 动物品种遗传监测技术畜禽遗传种质监测是品种资源高效利用的前提，也是我国良种工程的基础。
对整个畜牧业的未来发展有着极其重要的作用关键技术：新的畜禽品种标准的修订和制定；个体水平监测的特征特性的选择及其测定方法；群体水平的先进的参数估计方法；细胞水平监测的规范化的实验室分析技术，细胞染色体的计算机图象分析技术；可用于品种监测的生化及免疫遗传标记筛选；分子水平监测的分子遗传标记测定技术。
川农经济学考试题及答案
川农经济学考试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 经济学中所说的“稀缺性”是指（）A. 资源的绝对数量有限B. 相对于人类无限多样和不断增长的需求，资源总是不足的C. 资源的分布不均匀D. 资源的再生速度慢答案：B2. 经济学研究的基本问题包括（）A. 生产什么、如何生产、为谁生产B. 经济增长、通货膨胀、失业C. 国际贸易、汇率、货币政策D. 股票市场、债券市场、期货市场答案：A3. 需求法则表明（）A. 商品价格上升，需求量增加B. 商品价格上升，需求量减少C. 商品价格下降，需求量增加D. 商品价格下降，需求量减少答案：B4. 完全竞争市场的特征不包括（）A. 市场上存在许多买家和卖家B. 产品同质化C. 企业可以自由进入或退出市场D. 单个企业可以影响市场价格答案：D5. 边际效用递减规律是指（）A. 随着消费量的增加，每增加一单位商品带来的额外满足感逐渐增加B. 随着消费量的增加，每增加一单位商品带来的额外满足感逐渐减少C. 随着消费量的增加，每增加一单位商品带来的额外满足感保持不变D. 随着消费量的增加，每增加一单位商品带来的额外满足感先增加后减少答案：B6. 机会成本是指（）A. 做出选择时放弃的最有价值的替代方案B. 做出选择时放弃的所有替代方案C. 做出选择时放弃的最低价值的替代方案D. 做出选择时放弃的最高价值的替代方案7. 价格弹性的计算公式是（）A. （需求量的变化量/需求量）/（价格的变化量/价格）B. （价格的变化量/需求量）/（需求量的变化量/价格）C. （价格的变化量/价格）/（需求量的变化量/需求量）D. （需求量的变化量/价格）/（价格的变化量/需求量）答案：A8. 经济利润与会计利润的主要区别在于（）A. 经济利润包括显性成本和隐性成本，会计利润只包括显性成本B. 经济利润只包括显性成本，会计利润包括显性成本和隐性成本C. 经济利润和会计利润都只包括显性成本D. 经济利润和会计利润都包括显性成本和隐性成本9. 完全垄断市场的特征不包括（）A. 市场上只有一个卖家B. 产品具有独特性C. 存在潜在竞争者D. 进入壁垒高答案：C10. 短期平均成本曲线呈U形的原因是（）A. 规模经济和规模不经济B. 边际成本递减和递增C. 边际收益递减和递增D. 平均成本递减和递增答案：B二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）11. 以下哪些因素会影响供给（）A. 生产成本B. 技术水平C. 消费者偏好D. 相关产品的价格答案：ABD12. 以下哪些是宏观经济学的研究对象（）A. 国民收入B. 通货膨胀C. 失业率D. 消费者行为答案：ABC13. 以下哪些是影响需求的因素（）A. 消费者偏好B. 消费者收入C. 生产成本D. 预期价格答案：ABD14. 以下哪些是完全竞争市场的特征（）A. 产品同质化B. 企业可以自由进入或退出市场C. 单个企业可以影响市场价格D. 市场上存在许多买家和卖家答案：ABD15. 以下哪些是影响边际效用的因素（）A. 消费量B. 消费者偏好C. 产品价格D. 产品替代性答案：AB三、判断题（每题2分，共10分）16. 边际效用递减规律适用于所有商品。
农业经济学考试试题及答案
农业经济学考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共40分）1. 农业经济学的研究对象是：A. 农业生产B. 农民收入C. 农业市场D. 农村经济答案：D2. 农业供给弹性的取值范围是：A. 0到1之间B. 1到正无穷之间C. 负无穷到1之间D. 大于1答案：B3. 农业劳动生产率是指：A. 单位劳动投入能生产的农产品数量B. 单位土地投入能生产的农产品数量C. 单位资本投入能生产的农产品数量D. 单位劳动时间能生产的农产品数量答案：A......二、判断题（每题2分，共20分）判断下列说法是否正确，正确的填写“对”，错误的填写“错”。
1. 农业结构调整的主要目标是提高农业综合生产能力。
答案：错2. 农业投入品价格的上涨会降低农业生产成本。
答案：对3. 完全竞争市场上，农产品供需关系决定了农产品价格。
答案：对......三、简答题（每题10分，共50分）1. 请简要解释农业生产要素的内涵及其在农业经济学中的作用。
答案：农业生产要素是指农业生产中不可或缺的资源或条件，包括土地、劳动力、资本、技术和管理等。
这些要素对农业生产具有重要影响，是农业经济学研究的基础。
土地是农作物种植和养殖的基础，劳动力是农业生产的重要动力，资本是提高农业生产效率和农业生产规模的重要条件，技术和管理则决定着农业生产效率和质量。
研究农业生产要素的作用，可以为农业产出和效益的提升提供理论依据和政策参考。
......四、论述题（共40分）请围绕农业可持续发展的概念，论述其重要性及实现的路径。
答案：农业可持续发展是指在保持农业生产稳定增长的同时，兼顾生态环境保护、社会公平和经济效益的发展模式。
其重要性体现在以下几个方面：首先，农业是人类生存的基础，保证农业可持续发展是实现食品安全和国家稳定的基础。
农业生产对土地、水资源等自然环境有很大的依赖性，如果不可持续地利用这些资源，将会导致环境恶化和生态系统崩溃，进而影响粮食生产和人类的生存。
其次，农业可持续发展有助于保护农村社会的公平和稳定。
农业经济学期末考试试题试题及答案
农业经济学期末考试试题试题及答案农业经济学可是一门相当有趣又实用的学科啊！咱先来说说这期末考试的试题。
一、选择题（每题 2 分，共 30 分）1、农业在国民经济中的地位表现为（）A 是国民经济的基础B 是国民经济的主导C 是国民经济的支柱D 以上都不对答案：A2、农业生产的特点不包括（）A 季节性B 地域性C 周期性D 通用性答案：D3、影响农产品供给的因素不包括（）A 农产品价格B 农业生产技术C 消费者偏好D 农业资源答案：C4、农业产业化经营的核心是（）A 龙头企业B 农户C 基地D 市场答案：A5、下列属于农业可持续发展的目标的是（）A 经济可持续B 社会可持续C 生态可持续D 以上都是答案：D6、农业土地资源的特点包括（）A 数量有限B 位置固定C 肥力可变性D 以上都是答案：D7、农业劳动力转移的主要途径不包括（）A 乡镇企业吸纳B 外出务工C 农业内部转移D 减少农业生产答案：D8、农产品市场的特点不包括（）A 季节性B 分散性C 专业性D 风险性答案：C9、农业科技创新的主体是（）A 政府B 企业C 科研机构D 农户答案：B10、农业政策的目标不包括（）A 保障农产品供给B 增加农民收入C 促进农业可持续发展D 限制农业发展答案：D11、农业合作经济组织的原则不包括（）A 自愿B 互利C 民主D 强制答案：D12、农业生产结构调整的依据不包括（）A 自然资源B 经济发展水平C 人口数量D 政策导向答案：C13、农产品流通的主要环节不包括（）A 收购B 运输C 加工D 消费答案：D14、农业投资的特点包括（）A 周期长B 风险大C 效益低D 以上都是答案：D15、农业现代化的标志不包括（）A 生产技术现代化B 经营管理现代化C 农民生活现代化D 农村环境现代化答案：D二、判断题（每题 1 分，共 10 分）1、农业是人类社会最古老的产业。
（）答案：对2、农产品需求弹性一般小于供给弹性。
四川农业大学博士入学考试真题
Part I Reading Comprehension (45 points)Questions 1--5 are based on the following passage:Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker "sell" his or her ideas to an audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listener interest.A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good rapport (关系) with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table, are "regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest."To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and monitor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech. Visual cues(暗示) from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we have pointed out, visual feedback from listeners should play an important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered.1. This passage is mainly concerned with _______.a. the importance of eye contactb. the potency of nonverbal techniquesc. successful speech deliveryd. an effective way to gain visual feedbacks2. According to the passage, a good speaker must _____.a. "sealo" his or her ideas to an audienceb. maintain direct eye contact with listenersc. be very persuasive and believabled. be exceptionally well-disposed3. The word "target" in the last sentence of the first paragraph can best be replaced by________.a. "destination"b. "goal"c. "audience"d. "followers"4. In daily life, when the glances of two passers-by happen to meet, these two persons willinevitably ____.a. smile to each otherb. feel awkward and look away immediatelyc. try to make a conversation with each otherd. none of the above5. Eye contact with an audience, according to the author, has all the following benefits forthe speaker EXCEP that it doesn't ________.a. help the speaker to control the audienceb. help the speaker to gain audience interest and esteemc. help the speaker to know whether he is talking too much about a certain pointd. help the speaker to analyze his audience when he is beginning his speech Questions 6--10 are based on the following passage:After the very active and successful tenure(任职) of office by the Senegalese President as the head of the Organization of African Unity, it was highly logical to think that the successor, whoever he might be, would have a difficult task in doing a better job.The Congolese president set to work as soon as he was elected. His first step was to suggest to the dean of heads of State present in the Ethiopian capital, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, to summon a meeting of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa. Its aim: to define a strategy in order to overcome the reprisals(报复行为) that the racist regime of Pretoria is likely to take against its neighbors in case sanctions(制裁) are imposed by the international community.President Sassou Ngueso has already undertaken a number of trips abroad. He thus went to Harare (Zimbabwe) where he delivered a speech, on September 1, on behalf of Africa before the summit meeting of non-aligned(不结盟的)nations.At the end of September, he was in New York, for a statement before the General Assembly of the United Nations, and then in Washington, for talks with high-ranking members of the Reagan Administration. He then went to Ottawa, for consultations with leading members of the Canadian government.The Congolese president's aim, in all these endeavors, is to convince still reluctant countries of the imperious necessity of imposing sanctions against the racist regime of Pretoria.6. In the first paragraph, the word "successor" refers to ________.a. a person who enjoyed a successful career in politicsb. a person who was very popular in the political arenac. the person who was to lead the organizationd. the former head of the organization7. According to the passage, Denis Sassou Nguesso ______.a. is Congoleseb. knew that it was very difficult for him to be electedc. was elected without any oppositiond. has held a meeting in the Ethipion capital8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?a. President Sassou Nguess has decided to visit as many African countries as possible.b. President Sassou Nguesso made a suggestion to President Kenneth Kaunda that ameeting be held of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa.c. President Sassou Nguesso went to Harare and delivered a speech there.d. If sanctions are imposed against South Africa by the international community, theracist regime of Pretoria will probably take revenge on its neighbors.9. We may draw the conclusion that President Sassou Nguesso has been working reallyhard to ________.a. prove himself a trustworthy presidentb. convince some reluctant countries that it is highly necessary to impose sanctionsagainst the racist regime of Pretoria.c. show to the whole world the strength and power of the Organization of AfricanUnityd. seek financial support from some advanced countries to promote African economy.10. This piece is most probably taken from _____.a. a newspaper reportb. a biographyc. a history bookd. a Who's WhoQuestions 11--15 are based on the following passage:Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sculpture or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out. Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator won't work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working).This kind of reasoning is called, for short, effect to effect It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out-power off-refrigerator not working─temperature will rise─milk will sour. In other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided, though there may be more than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a car fromstarting, but faulty spark plugs or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself,as running through a red light may help cause an accident, though other factors─pedestrians or other cars in the intersection ─must also be present.In establishing or refuting a causal relation it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process.11. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about _______.a. relationships between causes and resultsb. classification of reasoningc. some other common types of reasoningd. some special type of reasoning12. According to the passage, to do the "effect to effect" reasoning is to reason _______.a. from cause to effectb. from effect to causec. from effect to effect and on the caused. from effect to cause and on to another effect13. A necessary cause is ______.a. one without which it is impossible for the effect to occurb. one of the causes that can produce the effectc. one that is enough to make the effect occurd. none of them14. Your refrigerator is not working and you have found that the electric power has beencut off. The power failure is a ________.a. necessary causeb. sufficient causec. contributory caused. none of them15. This passage mainly discusses ______.a. causal reasoningb. various types of reasoningc. classification of causesd. the causal processQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:I hear many parents complaining that their teen-age children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teen-agers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one another's hands for reassurance.They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way isthat the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon(蚕茧) ─into a larger cocoon.It has become harder and harder for a teen-ager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teen-age market. These days every teen-ager can learn from the advertisements what a teen-ager should have and be. And many of today's parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teen-ager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come─with the people who respect you for who you are. That's the only kind of popularity that really counts.16. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to tell _______.a. readers how to be popular with people aroundb. teen-agers how to learn to decide things for themselvesc. parents how to control and guide their childrend. people how to understand and respect each other17. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on theirown, but, in fact, most of them ______.a. have much difficulty understanding each otherb. lack confidencec. dare not cope with problems single-handedd. are very much afraid of getting lost18. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?a. There is no popularity that really counts.b. What many parents are dong is in fact hindering their children from finding theirown paths.c. It is not necessarily bad for a teen-ager to disagree with his or her classmates.d. Most teen-agers claim that they want to do what they like to, but they are actuallydoing he same.19. The author thinks of advertisements as _______.a. convincingb. influentialc. instructived. authoritative20. During the teen-age years, one should learn to _____.a. differ from others in as many ways as possibleb. get into the right season and become popularc. find one's real selfd. rebel against parents and the popularity waveQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates(变坏) as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent(犯法的) and sexually precocious(早熟).Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises(大楼及附属建筑物). This rule has been introduced at Summer hill School where I spent my rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal(肉体的) punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.21. In this passage the author puts an emphasis on ______.a. the effect of smoking among childrenb. the difficulty in preventing children from smokingc. the reasons why children start smoking among childrend. the measures to ban smoking among children22. Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers?a. Disobedienceb. Lazinessc. Lack of intelligenced. Vanity23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?a. Some children start to smoke out of curiosityb. Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.c. In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workersshould not smoke.d. It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adultsfrom smoking.24. The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking ______.a. should be introduced, for it really works at the school where he once studied.b. should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance.c. should be introduced though it may not work effectively.d. needn't be introduced as long as teachers don't smoke in front of children.25. The author's attitude towards his writing is ______.a. objectiveb. emotionalc. criticald. indifferentQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage:When astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time, on July 20,1969, it represented one of the most inspiring achievements in man's history to millions of people throughout the world. But to a small organization called the International Flat Earth Research Society, it was nothing more than a piece of cleverly stage managed science-fiction trickery.And Armstrong's historic words when stepping down from the Eagle module(宇宙飞船船舱) onto the dusty lunar surface about 240,000 miles from earth─"one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind" ─was a phrase that could have come only from the pen of a scriptwriter.As for the pictures reputedly(一般被认为地) taken in space showing the earth to be a rotating sphere, well, they were just too ludicrous (可笑的) for words. The sun, say the Flat Earthier, circuits the earth instead of the earth revolving around the sun─a notion that most people take for granted.The society, whose membership is currently estimated to be about 1,400, dismisses much of accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth as sheer nonsense and is convinced that the entire human race is being subjected to the greatest hoax(骗局) in history.From its headquarters in Lancaster, California, the society wages a war of words through newsletters and pamphlets against the evils of science.The society was founded about 1800 in Great Britain and the United States and, says its American president Charles Johnson, was descended from the Zetetic society, which took its name from an ancient Greek philosophical school of skeptics. It survived under this name until 1956, when its general secretary, Samuel Shelton, of Kent, England, changed the name to the present title.The society's belief is this: that the earth is flat, with the land masses grouped around the central point of the North Pole.The Antarctic region is not the compact island mass it is commonly believed to be but an impenetrable ice-cold girdle(环形物) around the earth. The Flat Earthier argue that transantarctic expeditions have never happened. Explorers, misled by instrument faults, merely traveled an icy arc within the girdle.26. To the International Flat Earth Research Society, man's first landing on the moon was_______.a. one of the most inspiring events in man's historyb. only a well-conducted experimentc. just a smartly-performed trickd. a science-fiction piece produced by a certain scriptwriter27. Which of the following is NOT true about the society?a. It now has about 1,400 members.b. Its headquarters are in both Great Britain and the United States.c. After its foundation in 1800, it was called the Zetetic Society.d. In 1956, Samuel Shelton changed its name to the present title.28. According to the society's belief, ________.a. the earth is flat and the Arctic is an impenetrable ice-cold girdle around the earthb. the Antarctic region is a compact island massc. some explorers had made successful transantarctic expeditionsd. much of the accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth is sheernonsense29. Which of the following is an appropriate title for the Passage?a. The International Flat Earth Research societyb. Man's First Landing on the Moonc. The Zetetic Societyd. The Evils of Science30. This piece is written ______.a. in a matter-of-fact wayb. in a sarcastic tonec. with a touch of ironyd. as a jokePart II Translate the following into Chine( 10 points)I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one's own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction (收缩) of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocer's shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing(排队) up at a supermarket. And the proprietor(店主)knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.Part III Vocabulary and Structure ( 15 points)31. Mr. White was told again and again to ______ smoking but he just wouldn't listen.a. cut throughb. cut offc. cut downd. cut away32. The Greyhound ______ outside of New York Bus Station at 6 p.m. and started forWashington D.C. at 6:20p.m..a. pulled upb. pulled downc. pulled outd. pulled on33. Can you give me another hint without _______ the answer?a. giving offb. giving awayc. giving upd. giving in34. Columbus was ___ his times in his belief that the Earth was round.a. in front ofb. in advance ofc. befored. ahead of35. Nowadays a large number of people buy ___ Christmas trees instead of real ones.a. falseb. fakec. shamd. artificial36. Though he is only 7years old, he has a ______ imagination.a. faithfulb. fertilec. frankd. furious37. The doctor _____ me that the discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if Ifollowed his advice.a. assuredb. confirmedc. ensuredd. confessed38. It is not considered _____ to litter in public.a. respectfulb. respectivec. respectedd. respectable39. The industrial community should be close enough to the crowded centers but distantenough to reduce _______ hazards(危险).a. feasibleb. positivec. potentiald. substantial40. We ____ so as not to wake the child.a. whisperedb. moanedc. gruntedd. muttered41. Electric eels use charges to ______ prey and also stun them before they eat them.a. examineb. detectc. determined. search42. Metal must be hammered and cooled rapidly to ______ internal stress caused byheating.a. retainb. releasec. relieved. replace43. Almost every layman I have met exhibits ______ and how they are written.a. the real curiosity about the songsb. a real curiosity about the songsc. real curiosity about the songsd. a real curiosity about songs44. Rosa is quiet and introverted(内向的), and she objects to _______ her living room withdozens of people in the apartment.a. shareb. sharingc. having sharedd. have shared45. We haven't seen our neighbor for over a week. They ______ on a trip abroad.a. could gob. must goc. may have goned. should have gone46. The Government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of thehomeless.a. whatb. allc. thatd. which47. The bartender walked out ____ the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.a. from beforeb. from underc. from behindd. from across48. ______ how to operate a switchboard, I had to ask the office supervisor to show me thecorrect procedures.a. Not knownb. Not knowingc. Not to knowd. Having not known49. The pilot felt something _____ wrong with the engine just before the plane took off.a. gob. wentc. was goingd. to go50. I prefer his plan to yours, ___ it is more practical and easier to be carried out.a. for whichb. for thatc. in whichd. in that51. ______ that they're young and inexperienced, they've done quite a good job.a. Beingb. Providedc. Givend. Now52. ______ the door than somebody started knocking on it.a. I had closed no soonerb. I had no sooner closedc. No sooner have I closedd. No sooner I closed53. The medical record shows that it was the drug, not the disease, ______ killed him two years ago.a. the effects of whichb. the effects of itc. finallyd. that54. In my opinion, he's ________ imaginative of all the contemporary poets.a. quite the mostb. very the mostc. by far the mostd. rather the most55. He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he ______ out of a painting by XuBeihong.a. comeb. has comec. is comingd. had come56. Pumas, which are large, cat-like animals, will not attack human beings if they _______undisturbed.a. leaveb. leftc. are leftd. have left57. When we sold our ranch and moved to town, mother had decided _______ opening aday nursery.a. tob. onc. ind. for58. Their dog was a substitute ______ the children they had never had.a. asb. ofc. tod. for59. Please drop in whenever you can. I'd like to keep _____ touch.a. inb. onc. tod. with60. Everybody knows that the earth is spherical, ______?a. doesn't heb. doesn't shec. don't theyd. doesn't itPart IV Cloze( 10 points)In the month of September, in Britain, you may see large numbers of birds __61__ on roofs and telegraph wires. These birds are swallows. They are __62__ together because, very soon, they will be flying __63__ to much warmer lands, where they will find __64__ the small flying insects on which they __65__. There are no such insects __66__ in Britain during the winter; it is __67__ cold for them.The swallows settle, fly off, swoop, and __68__ again. this they do many times, for they are making short __69__ flights in order to be fit for the long journey __70__ them.__71__ of these migrating birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly __72__ for hundreds of miles __73__ they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not all the birds get there, for many of them perish in the stormy weather they meet with __74__.In the spring of the following year they __75__ the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They return to the identical barn or tree in the __76__ district which they had left the __77__ autumn. How do these birds find their__78__ there and back over such vast distances? Nobody knows exactly __79__, but it has something to do __80__ winds and air currents.61. a. being perched b. perchedc. being perchingd. be perched62. a. gathering b. assemblingc. waitingd. forming63. a. to south b. the southc. to southwardsd. south64. a. a great number of b. a great deal ofc. plenty ofd. numerous65. a. feed b. are fedc. eatd. rely66. a. near b. about c. nearby d. over67. a. too b. a bit c. very d. much68. a. fly off b. swoop c. settle d. turn back69. a. practical b. practicingc. practiced. practiced70. a. in advance b. ahead ofc. in front ofd. in front71. a. Swarms b. Herdsc. Flocksd. Schools72. a. firmly b. stoutlyc. harshlyd. steadily73. a. until b. before c. when d. as74. a. in the way b. on the wayc. half the wayd. all the way75. a. take b. fly c. find d. make76. a. old b. originalc. familiard. identical77. a. before b. previousc. above goingd. former78. a. way b. path c. course d. route79. a. why b. when c. how d. what80. a. against b. away c. for d. withPart V Writing (20 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled THE V ALUE OF SCIENCE. You should write no less than 150 words.ANSWER SHEETRPart I 、 III 、IV1 a b c d2 a b c d3 a b c d4 a b c d5 a b c d6 a b c d7 a b c d8 a b c d 9ab c d 10 a b c d 11 a b c d 12 a b c d 13 a b c d 14 a b c d 15 a b c d 16 a b c d 17 a b c d 18 a b c d 19 a b c d 20 a b c d 21 a b c d 22 a b c d 23 a b c d 24 a b c d 25 a b c d 26 a b c d 27 a b c d 28 a b c d 29 a b c d 30 a b c d 31 a b c d 32 a b c d 33 a b c d 34 a b c d 35 a b c d 36 a b c d 37 a b c d 38 a b c d 39 a b c d 40 a b c d 41 a b c d 42 a b c d 43 a b c d 44 a b c d 45 a b c d 46 a b c d 47 a b c d 48 a b c d 49 a b c d 50 a b c d 51 a b c d 52 a b c d 53 a b c d 54 a b c d 55 a b c d 56 a b c d 57 a b c d 58 a b c d 59 a b c d 60 a b c d 61 a b c d 62 a b c d 63 a b c d 64 a b c d 65 a b c d 66 a b c d 67 a b c d 68 a b c d 69 a b c d 70 a b c d 71 a b c d 72 a b c d 73 a b c d 74 a b c d 75 a b c d 76 a b c d 77 a b c d 78 a b c d 79abcd80abcd———————— 密—————————封 ——————————线 ——————————————————————————。
中国农业大学2010年考博专业课真题
（各位好，有些地方记得不一定准啊）中国农大2010年考博遗传真题一、名词解释（每个4分，共32分）1、表达序列标签（EST）从cDNA分子所测得部分序列的短段DNA(通常300~500bp)。
2、细胞凋亡细胞凋亡是指为维持内环境稳定，由基因控制的细胞自主的程序性死亡。
3、等位基因排斥免疫球蛋白的杂合体只表达一对等位基因中的一个的现象。
4、基因转换减数分裂过程中两条染色体非同源部分DNA片段的转移。
5、假基因假基因具有与功能基因相似的序列，但由于有许多突变以致失去了原有的功能，所以假基因是没有功能的基因，常用ψ表示。
6、增强子增强子(enhancer)指增加同它连锁的基因转录频率的DNA序列。
增强子是通过启动子来增加转录的。
有效的增强子可以位于基因的5’端，也可位于基因的3’端，有的还可位于基因的内含子中。
7、BAC、Y AC载体BAC：细菌人工染色体，是以F因子为基础人工构建的大容量克隆系统，F因子是在某些大肠杆菌中发现的一种最有代表性的单拷贝接合质粒。
Y AC：酵母人工染色体，利用酵母着丝粒载体所构建的大片段DNA克隆载体。
克隆载体上含有着丝粒、端粒、可选择标志基因、自主复制等序列，可携带插入的大片段DNA(100～1000 kb)在酵母细胞中有效地复制，如同微小的人工染色体。
8、功能基因组学研究基因组中各基因的功能，包括基因的表达及其调控模式的学科。
二、简述（每个8分，共40分）1、什么是α互补？质粒载体具有β-半乳糖苷酶基因（lacZ），当外源DNA插入到它的lacZ，可造成表达后的β-半乳糖苷酶失活，利用这一点就可以通过大肠杆菌转化子菌落在添加有X-gal-IPTG培养基中的颜色变化鉴别出重组子和非重组子。
有些大肠杆菌上带有lacZ基因的部分编码序列，质粒载体中含有别一部分编码序列，当质粒转入载体后，可形成具有酶活性的蛋白质。
这种lacZ基因上缺失了一部分编码序列的突变体与带有这一部分编码序列的突变体之间实现互补的现象叫α互补。
四川农业大学经济学概论习题及参考答案
精心整理精心整理四川农业大学网络教育专科考试经济学概论 试卷（课程代码 342062）本试题一共四道大题，共2页，满分100分。
考试时间90分钟。
注意：1、答案必须填写在答题纸上，题号不清或无题号的以零分计；1 2?3对该41、通货膨胀发生时，工薪收入者、退休金收入者、债务人成为受害人。
（ 错）错。
通货膨胀发生时，债务人成为受益人。
2、企业的停止营业点发生在价格低于最低平均成本的时候。
（ 错 ）错。
企业的停止营业点发生在价格低于最低平均可变成本的时候。
3、时间的利用隐含着机会成本。
（ 对 ）三、计算题（每小题5分，共15分）精心整理某商品的需求函数为Q=50-5P ，供给函数为Q= -10+5P 。
求：1、均衡价格和均衡数量，并作出几何图形。
2、假定供给不变，由于消费者收入水平提高，需求函数变为Q=60-5P ，求新的均衡价格和均衡数量。
3、 假定需求不变，由于生产者技术水平提高，供给函数变为Q= -5+5P ，求新的均衡价格和均衡数量。
解：为便于区分，设需求函数的Q 为Q d 设需求函数的Q 为Q s设均衡价格为P e 和均衡数量为Q e(1)d s d se e (2) 在生产过程中按市场价格直接支付的一切费用，是业以发生的历史成本，这些成本一般均可通过会计帐目反映出来。
经济利润：它是指总收益与经济成本的差额。
经济成本包括会计成本和隐含成本。
其中，隐含成本指应当支付而没有支付的企业使用自有要素的机会成本。
因此，经济利润=会计利润-隐含成本。
?经济学家对经济利润的解释：a 、冒险的报酬?，b 、创新的报酬,c 、垄断高额利润?d 、意外的收益。
3、简要阐述一国中央银行及商业银行及其功能。
P6答：商业银行和中央银行是一国金融机构中主要的组成部分。
?中央银行：一国最高金融当局，它统筹管理全国金融活动，实施货币政策以影响经济。
中央银行的功能：(1)作为发行的银行,(2)作为银行的银行,(3)作为国家的银行。
农业经济学试题及答案
农业经济学试题及答案一、选择题1. 农业经济学的研究对象是（）。
A. 农业市场B. 农民C. 农村经济D. 农业生产答案：D2. 农业经济学研究的基本问题是（）。
A. 农业投入产出比B. 农产品价格波动C. 农业发展模式D. 农业资源配置答案：D3. 农业经济学的核心任务是（）。
A. 提高农产品产量B. 解决农村劳动力就业问题C. 实现农民增收D. 确保粮食安全答案：C4. 农村土地制度改革的目的是（）。
A. 提高土地利用效率B. 实现农村社会主义新农村建设C. 保障农民权益D. 扩大农业生产规模答案：A5. 农业供给弹性是指（）。
A. 农产品供给量对价格变动的反应程度B. 农民对市场变化的敏感度C. 农业生产资金的弹性需求D. 农产品需求量与价格的关系答案：A二、简答题1. 农业供给与需求的关系是怎样的？答：农业供给与需求的关系是供需关系，即农业产品供给与需求之间的关系。
供给与需求通过市场机制相互作用，决定了农产品的价格和数量。
当农产品供给过剩时，价格下降，需求增加；当农产品供给不足时，价格上升，需求减少。
供给与需求的平衡是实现农产品市场稳定的基础。
2. 农业可持续发展的意义是什么？答：农业可持续发展是指在保护农业生态环境、提高农业生产效益和农民生活质量的基础上，实现农业持续增长的发展方式。
它的意义在于保障粮食安全、提高农民收入、保护农村生态环境、推动农业现代化进程。
农业可持续发展是建设美丽乡村和实现全面小康社会的重要保障。
三、分析题1. 描述农业产业化的优势和挑战。
答：农业产业化的优势包括提高农业生产效益、促进农产品加工和价值提升、推动农村经济发展、增加农民收入等。
农业产业化可以实现农业规模化、集约化和标准化经营，提高农产品质量和竞争力，满足市场需求。
然而，农业产业化也面临着一些挑战。
首先，农业产业化需要大量资金投入和技术支持，农民缺乏这方面的资源。
其次，农业产业化过程中，农民可能失去土地经营权，导致社会稳定问题。
四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题-作物栽培学
四川农业大学
2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题
科目名称：3081作物栽培学(总分：100分)适用专业：作物栽培学与耕作学
考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！
一、用英文写出下列名词，并用英文解释（每个6分，共30分）：
1.经济产量和经济系数
2.间作和套作
3.冷害和冻害
4.生长和发育
5.源和叶面积指数
二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）
1.简述确定作物播种时期的原则。
2.简述提高复种指数的自然条件和生产条件。
3.简述作物栽培技术措施在农民增收中的作用。
三、论述题（40分）：
以一种作物为例，论述作物产量的构成因素、及其相互间的关系，据此提出提高该作物产量的主要技术措施。
(完整版)农业经济学试题及参考答案
一、单项选择题(共60题，每题1分。
每题的备选答案中，只有一个最符合题意)1、农业在我国国民经济中占有_______地位。
A.基础产业B.引导产业C.核心产业D.尖端产业2、我国农业的两个转化包括_______。
A.由原料型农业向加工型农业转化B.由家庭经营型向集体合作经营转化C.由自给性农业向商品性农业转化D.社会主义农业的自我完善3、现阶段我国农村经济的支柱是_______。
A.种植业B.畜牧业C.农业和乡镇企业D.经济开发区4、农产品市场划分为现货市场和期货市场是根据_______。
A.农产品交易的性质不同B.农产品交易的空间不同C.农产品市场的供求状况不同D.农产品交货的时间不同5、农产品购销差价是由商业企业在组织农产品的购销活动中的流通费用、利润和_______构成。
A.税金B.利息C.生产成本D.交易费用6、农业概念的内涵是指_______。
A.划定农业与非农业的界限B.农业产业部门具有的本质属性和特点C.种植业D.通过农作物生长发育和繁殖以取得生物性产品的部门7、生态系统结构有_______组成部分。
A.动物、植物和微生物B.生产者、消费者和分解者C.生产者、消费者、分解者和环境系统D.土壤、水、空气、营养元素等8、农业基本建设是指_______。
A.比较长期固定在土地上的资金投放，并且要形成固定资产B.水利设施建设C.建设农业高等院校D.增加农业投入9、作为资源的土地_______。
A.是纯粹的自然产物，没有价值B.虽是经济综合体，但不体现价值C.虽是经济综合体，但不能增值D.具备价值属性，而且不断增值10、级差地租是_______。
A.等量资本投入到同一土地所获得收益不同由此产生的超额利润部分B.等量资本投入到不同土地所获得收益不同由此产生的超额利润部分C.同一块地连续投资，各次投资生产率不同所产生的超额利润部分D.不同块地连续投资，各次投资生产率不同所产生的超额利润部分11、提高农业劳动力利用率的途径有建立合理的农村就业结构和_______。
农业经济学A试卷及答案
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《农业经济学》试卷A一、名词解释（20分）1、农业资金2、粗放经营3、蛛网理论4、比较成本学说5、土地制度二、简答题（30分）1、影响农产品需求有哪些因素？2、农产品市场有哪些基本功能？3、加入WTO 后中国在农业方面的主要承诺有哪些？4、你认为应如何提高农业的集约经营水平？5、中国农业剩余劳动力转移的特点？6、农业财政资金投入有哪些原则？三、问答题（30分）1、农业合作经济组织产生的原因2、农业宏观调控的理论依据？3、食品质量安全的基本特点有哪些？四、论述题（20分）我国农村土地承包经营权的流转有哪些基本原则和方式？： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线知识店铺 - 睿科知识云江西农业大学《农业经济学》2009～2010第二学期补考试卷A系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号：装 订 线试卷A参考答案一、名词解释（20分）1、农业资金广义的农业资金是指国家、个人或社会其他部门投入农业领域的各种货币资金、实物资本和无形资产，以及在农业生产经营过程中形成的各种流动资产、固定资产和其他资产的总和。
广义的农业资金实际上也就是用于农业生产经营的各种财物和资源的总和，并且总是以一定的货币、财产或其他权利的形式存在2、粗放经营集约经营与之相反，是指在一定土地面积上投入较多的生产资料和活劳动，应用先进农业技术装备和技术措施，进行精耕细作，主要靠提高土地生产率来增加农产品产量和收入的经营方式。
3、蛛网理论蛛网理论是指随着市场价格的变化，农产品的供给量和需求量围绕平衡点呈蛛网状波动的理论。
4、比较成本学说如果在进行两国优势比较时，一个国家各个产地的产品成本都高于另一个国家时，国际贸易仍然能使贸易双方得到好处。
农业经济学试题库
农业经济学试题库页眉“农业经济学”课程试题库参考书名称：1、雷海章《现代农业经济学》，中国农业出版社，2003.92 、郭正涛、姜会明编著：《农业经济学》. 吉林科技出版社，2003.7一、名词解释（每小题 3 分）1、原始农业2、传统农业3、现代农业4、可持续农业5、二元经济中的农业6、二元经济7、农业现代化8、需求9、需求价格弹性10、需求收入弹性11、劣质商品12、需求交叉弹性13、供给14、供给价格弹性15、供给交叉弹性16、供给成本弹性17、供求失衡18、供求均衡19、农产品供求结构的矛盾20、粮食安全21、土地22、粗放经营23、集约经营24、劳动集约25、资金集约页眉26、土地适度规模经营27、土地规模效益28、人力资本29、农业劳动力转移30、资本节约型技术进步31、劳动节约型技术进步32、中性技术进步33、技术扩散34、技术创新35、制度创新36、经济结构37、产业结构38、农村产业结构39、合作经济40、农业产业化经营41、农产品市场42、农业保护43、生产者补贴等值44、基尼系数45、摩擦性失业46、恩格尔定律47、劳动生产率48、农业机械化49、选择性机械化50、资金时间价值51、农业生产函数52、机会成本53、“绿箱”措施54、黄箱政策：55、农村城市化56、劳动生产率：二、填空题（每小题 1 分）1、农业是人类为直接或间接设法利用-- 和土地以经营种植和豢养，通过自身的劳动强化和控制生命的过程以期获得人类衣、食、住、行、育、乐所必须的生产品，而以吸取其利益为目的的一种生产事业。
2、“自然取用物品”是指在上供给仍大于需求的物品。
3、经济学是研究人们如何进行选择，将-- 的生产资源生产各种商品并分配给不同的社会成员以供消费的学问。
4、原始农业指主要使用来从事简单农事活动的农业。
5、“传统农业是完全依据祖祖辈辈一直使用的-- 来进行耕作的农业。
”6、现代农业是广泛应用现代科学技术、现代工业提供生产资源和科学管理方法的农业。
农学博士真题答案大全解析
农学博士真题答案大全解析随着社会的发展和科技的进步，人们对于农业领域的研究和需求也逐渐增加。
于是，农学博士成为了备受追捧的学位之一。
然而，要想通过农学博士考试并非易事。
今天，我们将带你深入了解农学博士真题的答案，让你在备考过程中少走弯路。
首先，我们需要明确的是，农学博士真题的答案并非一成不变的。
随着时间推移，农业科学的研究也在不断发展，真题中的问题和答案也会有所变化。
因此，考生在备考时，要将重点放在理解问题本质和解决问题的思路上，而不是死记答案。
在农学博士真题中，考察的范围涉及广泛，包括农业生态学、农业遗传学、农业经济学等多个学科领域。
因此，要想在备考过程中掌握题目的答案，就必须对这些学科领域有一定的了解和掌握。
以农业生态学为例，一道典型的题目可能是关于生物多样性保护的措施和意义。
对于这样的问题，我们可以从以下几个方面来回答。
首先，我们可以介绍生物多样性是什么。
生物多样性是指地球上各种生物的多样性和多样性的程度。
它包括物种多样性、遗传多样性和生态系统多样性三个层次。
其重要性体现在保护生态平衡、维持生物系统功能和提供生态产品等方面。
然后，我们可以谈论生物多样性保护的措施。
生物多样性保护的措施可以从法律保护、生态保护和经济手段等方面来考虑。
例如，制定相关法律法规，划定保护区域，加强对保护区域的巡查和管理，推动可持续利用和保护物种等。
接下来，我们可以讨论生物多样性保护的意义。
保护生物多样性是保护地球生态系统的重要一环，能够维持生态平衡，并为人们提供重要的生态产品和服务。
生物多样性保护还能够促进环境可持续发展，推动经济发展和社会进步。
通过以上的分析可以看出，回答这样一个问题并不是简单记忆某个答案，而是需要将所学的知识进行思考和综合运用。
只有理解问题的本质和解决问题的思路，才能在农学博士真题中游刃有余。
除了理论知识，农学博士真题也会对实践问题进行考察。
例如，可能会给出一个农业实验的数据和结果，要求考生对数据进行分析和解释。
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四川农业大学
2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题
科目名称：3091农业经济学(总分：100分)适用专业：农业经济管理
考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！
一、名词解释（每题2分，共10分）
1.农业生产结构
2.工农产品价格剪刀差
3.农业现代化
4.农产品比价
5.农业集约经营
二、论述题（共90分）
1.近年来，我国实施了哪些农业补贴政策？试分析其对农业和农村发展的作用。
（25分）
2.阐述农村养老保险制度对农村经济社会的影响机理。
（25分）
3.试述超市发展对农业发展的影响。
（20分）
4.试比较循环农业与低碳农业的异同。
（20分）。