攻坚经贸英语长句翻译
国际经贸高级英语精读1--3课课文翻译
Starting as low-income economies in the 1960s, a few economies in East Asia managed,in a few decades, to bridge all or nearly all of the income gap that separated them from the high-income economies of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).Meanwhile many other developing economies stagnated .What made the difference?One way to grow is by developing hitherto unexploited land.Another is to accumulate physical capital:roads, factories, telephone networks.A third is to expand the labor force and increase its education and training.But Hong Kong (China) and Singapore had almost no land.They did invest heavily in physical capital and in educating their populations,but so did many other economies.During the 1960s through the 1980s the Soviet Union accumulated more capital as a share of its gross domestic product (GDP) than did Hong Kong (China), the Republic of Korea, Singapore, or Taiwan (China).And it increased the education of its population in no trivial measure. Yet the Soviets generated far smaller increases in living standards during that period than did these four East Asian economies.Perhaps the difference was that the East Asian economies did not build, work, and grow harder so much as they built, worked, and gr ew smarter.Could knowledge, then, have been behind East Asia’s surge ?If so, the implications are enormous,for that would mean that knowledge is the key to development—that knowledge is development.How important was knowledge for East Asia’s growt h spurt ?This turned out not to be an easy question to answer.The many varieties of knowledge combine with its limited marketability to present a formidable challenge to anyone seeking to evaluate the effect of knowledge on economic growth.How, after all, does one put a price tag on and add up the various types of knowledge?What common denominator lets us sum the knowledge that firms use in their production processes; the knowledge that policymaking institutions use to formulate, monitor, and evaluate policies; the knowledge that people use in their economic transactions and social interactions?What is the contribution of books and journals, of R&D spending, of the stock of information and communications equipment, of the learning and know-how of scientists, engineers, and students? Compound ing the difficulty is the fact that many types of knowledge are accumulated and exchanged almost exclusively within networks, traditional groups, and professional associations.That makes it virtually impossible to put a value on such knowledge.Reflecting these difficulties in quantify ing knowledge,efforts to evaluate the aggregate impact of knowledge on growth have often proceeded indirectly, by postulat ing that knowledge explains the part of growth that cannot be explained by the accumulation of tangible and identifiable factors, such as labor or capital.The growth not accounted for by these factors of production—the residual in the calculation—is attributed to growth in their productivity, that is, using the other factors smarter, through knowledge.This residual is sometimes called the Solow residual, after the economist Robert M. Solow,who spearheaded the approach in the 1950s,and what it purports to measure is conventionally called total factor productivity (TFP) growth.Some also call the Solow residual a measure of our ignorance ,because it represents what we cannot account for. Indeed, we must be careful not to attribute all of TFP growth to knowledge,or there may be other factors lurking in the Solow residual.Many other things do contribute to growth—institutions are an example—but are not reflected in the contributions of the more measurable factors.Their effect is (so far) inextricably woven into TFP growth.In early TFP analyses,physical capital was modeled as the only country-specific factor that could be accumulated to better people’s lives.Technical progress and other intangible factors were said to be universal, equally available to all people in all countries,and thus could not explain growth differencesbetween countries.Their contributions to growth were lumped with the TFP growth numbers.Although this assumption was convenient, it quickly became obvious that physical capital was not the only factor whose accumulation drove economic growth. A study that analyzed variations in growth rates across a large number of countries showed that the accumulation of physical capital explained less than 30 percent of those variations.The rest—70 percent or more—was attributed directly or indirectly to the intangible factors that make up TFP growth (Table 1.1).Later attempts introduced human capital to better explain the causes of economic growth.A higher level of education in the population means that more people can learn to use better technology. Education was surely a key ingredient in the success of four of the fastest-growing East Asian economies: Hong Kong (China), the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan (China). Before their transformation from developing into industrializing economies, their school enrollment rates had been much higher than those of other developing countries (Table 1.2).They had also emphasized advanced scientific and technical studies—as measured by their higher ratios of students in technical fields than in even some industrial countries—thus enhancing their capacity to import sophisticated technologies.Moreover, the importance of education for economic growth had long been recognized and established empirically .One study had found that growth in years of schooling explained about 25 percent of the increase in GDP per capita in the United States between 1929 and 1982.Adding education reduced the part of growth that could not be explained,thus shrinking the haystack in which TFP growth (and knowledge) remained hidden.Some analysts even concluded, perhaps too quickly,that physical and human capital, properly accounted for, explained all or virtually all of the East Asian economies’ rapid growth,leaving knowledge as a separate factor out of the picture.One re ason these analysts came up with low values for TFP growth is that they incorporated improvements in labor and equipment into their measurement of factor accumulation.So even their evidence of low TFP growth in East Asia does not refute the importance of closing knowledge gaps.Indeed, it shows that the fast-growing East Asian economies had a successful strategy to close knowledge gaps:by investing in the knowledge embodi ed in physical capital, and by investing in people and institutions to enhance the capability to absorb and use knowledge.Looking beyond East Asia,other growth accounting studies have examined larger samples of countries.Even when human capital is accounted for,the unexplained part of growth remains high.One such study, of 98 countries with an unweighted average growth rate of output per worker of 2.24 percent,found that 34 percent (0.76 percentage point) of that growth came from physical capital accumulation,20 percent (0.45 percentage point) from human capital accumulation,and as much as 46 percent (just over 1 percentage point) from TFP growth.Even more remains to be explained in variations in growth rates across countries. The same study found the combined role of human and physical capital to be as low as 9 percent, leaving the TFP residual at a staggering 91 percent.To take another example:Korea and Ghana had similarly low incomes per capita in the 1950s,but by 1991 Korea’s income per capita was more than seven times Ghana’s.Much of that gap remains unexplained even when human capital is taken into account .All these results are subject to measurement problems.For example, the measured stock of human capital may overstate the actual quantity used in producing goods and services.High rates of school enrollment or attainment (years completed) may not translate into higher rates of economic growthif the quality of education is poor, or if educated people are not employed at their potential because of distortion s in the labor market.Moreover, it is now evident that education without openness to innovation and knowledge will notlead to economic development.The people of the former Soviet Union, like the people of the OECD countries and East Asia, were highly educated, with nearly 100 percent literacy .And for an educated population it is possible,through foreign direct investment and other means,to acquire and use information about the latest production and management innovations in other countries.But the Soviet Union placed severe restrictions on foreign investment, foreign collaboration, and innovation.Its work force did not adapt and change as new information became available elsewhere in the world, and consequently its economy suffered a decline.(excerpted from World Development Report 1998/1999)一些东亚国家在20世纪60年代还是低收入国家，但是在短短的几十年之间，他们成功地弥补了其与经济合作与发展组织（OECD）中高收入国家之间的差距；与此同时，也有许多发展中国家的经济停滞不前。
新职业英语经贸英语Unit_1—5_英语翻译汇总
1.Our company is willing to establish business relations with your company (愿意与贵公司建立业务关系). (be willing to do sth.)2.I wrote to the manager for the purpose of expanding our business (为了扩展我们公司的业务). (for the purpose of, expand）3.I enclose in the letter our latest catalog (随信寄去我公司最新的产品目录). (enclose, catalog）4.His intention of writing the letter is to persuade us to invest in their company (劝说我们投资给他们公司). (persuade sb. to do sth., invest)5.He is interested in our high-quality fabrics and other related products (优质的布料及其他相关产品). (fabric)6.It is desirable to conduct an in-depth enquiry (最好进行深度调查) when it comes to significant business. (be desirable to do)7.In addition to the activities of the company (除了公司活动之外), those of its principals should also be investigated.(In addition to)8.It is imperative to conduct business background checks before embarking on a new business relationship (在开始业务关系之前，必须进行商业背景调查). (imperative, embark on)9.Boasting a 40% of the market share, the company ranks No. 1 in Chinese textile industry (在中国纺织行业排名第一). (rank)10.The reputation will improve further,so will the market share (市场分额也将增加). (market share)11.Scholars and business VIPs from home and abroad in the industry attended (来自该行业的国内外学者和商界要人参加了)the summit in Shanghai.(from home and abroad)12.Once the contract is signed by both parties, it will legally bind upon both sides (它对双方都具有法律约束力).（bind upon）13.When uploading the goods finishes, Party A is obliged to inform Party B of the departure time and arrival time of the shipment（甲方有义务通知乙方货船驶离时间和到港时间）(be obliged to)14.The new economic proposal paves the way for the economic growth in the next five years (为下一个五年经济增长铺平了道路).(pave the way for)15.Anything relating to the quality inspection of soybeans should be conducted by the agency stated in the contract (任何有关大豆质量的检验都必须由合同中约定的机构进行), or we will not accept it.(relate to)16.The contract is made out in six copies, three copies to be held by each party (本合同一式六份，每方各持三份), and it shall come into effect since being signed by both parties. (make out)17.We are sorry to inform you of the late delivery of the goods due to bad weather (我们非常抱歉的告知您您所进口的货物由于恶劣天气而延迟), so we need your advice on how to deal with the situation. (inform…of)18.The contract must be in conformity with Chinese laws (该合同应该遵守中国的法律), which is stipulated clearly in the contract. (inconformity with)19.You are entitled to terminate the contract (你有权终止合同) if any of the following cases occurs. (be entitled to)20.The goods do not conform to the quality provision in the contract (货物不符合质量条款的规定) for at least 10% of the goods failed to work immediately after their arriving at the port. (conform to)21.For our future business, we agree to change the terms of payment from payment in advance to D/P at sight (不用预付货款，而改用即期付款交单方式).(payment in advance, D/P at sight)22.As the goods under your Order No. 1009 have been ready for shipment, we hope that you will open the letter of credit as soon as possible (尽快开证). (open the L/C)23.We have asked the Citibank here to issue an L/C for $4,000 in your favor (开立以你方为受益人、金额为4000美元的信用证). (issue, in your favor)24.We request to make the following amendments to the L/C (对该信用证做如下修改). (make amendments to)25.This L/C will remain valid until June 2, 2009 (于2009年6月2日到期). (valid until)。
2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(189-190)讲义-高考英语一轮复习
一、长难句翻译1.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of stilluncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world’s most technologically advanced nations.2.We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate our actions if we hope to live in balance.二、长难句翻译解析1.The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of stilluncontrolled pandemic a nd economic crises in the world’s most technologically advanced nations.①内容分析首先提个问题，这个句子是一个简单句，还是一个复杂句？这里的所谓“简单”和“复杂”，不是你个人的主观感受。
如果一个句子里只有一套主谓结构，我们叫它简单句。
如果一个句子里有两套或以上的主谓结构用连词关系词之类的组合在一起，我们叫它复杂句。
可能还有些什么并列句复合句并列复合句主从复合句之类的称呼，为了方便理解，咱们就都统称为复杂句了。
那么这个句子是简单句还是复杂句？从上面的描述里，你应该知道，区分这两种句子的标准，就是到底有几套主谓结构。
那我们来找找这个句子里的谓语吧。
经贸英语翻译ppt课件
严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活 动报批 制度等 相关规 章制度 。做到 及时发 现、制 止、汇 报并处 理各类 违纪行 为或突 发事件 。
例2：按合同要求 ,你方在收到装船通知后 ,十 天内 与中国银行开具以我方为受款人的有关信用证 ,经瑞 士苏黎世银行通知我方。 In accordance with the contract , you are kindly requested to open within ten days after receipt of this preliminary shipping advice ,with the Bank of China ,the relative Letter of Credit in our favor ,to be advised to us by the Union Bank of Switzerland ,Zurich.
严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活 动报批 制度等 相关规 章制度 。做到 及时发 现、制 止、汇 报并处 理各类 违纪行 为或突 发事件 。
经贸英语是在跨文化国际经贸领域中，主要由生 产商、代理商、消费者、投资者等使用的，以进 行和完成相关经贸交际活动为目的，在词汇、句 法、篇章上具有特定表现形式、表达程式、言语 规范及言语规律的，相对稳定的一种功能性语言。
如: AM —Amendment 修改书 A/ O —Account of 进某帐 户 A/ P —Authority to Purchase 委托购买证 A/ V —According to value 按值 B/ C —Bill for Collection 托收票据 B/ D —Bank Draft 银行汇票 C/ N —Credit D —Demand Draft 即期汇票
经贸英语怎么翻译
经贸英语怎么翻译把经贸分开来讲就是经济与贸易，英语翻译也是如此。
下面是店铺给大家整理的经贸英语怎么翻译，供大家参阅!经贸英语怎么翻译economy and trade经贸的英语例句除了与墨西哥的经贸合作，我们正在共同努力以确保尽快的识别并制止威胁，甚至在威胁到达北美之前。
With Mexico, in addition to trade cooperation, we are working together to identify and interdictthreats at the earliest opportunity, even before they reach North America.论坛期间，中美省州长们将举行对口会见，双方还将签署涉及经贸、教育、科技等领域的多个合作协议。
During the forum, governors from both countries will hold meetings and sign several cooperationdocuments in trade, education, science and technology and other fields.你和你的同事为贵国的外贸体制的改革提出了“宏观经贸”这个重要的新概念。
You and your colleagues proposed the significant new concept of “macroeconomics and trade”for reform in your foreign trade system.中方重视同巴西的经贸合作，一贯主张通过对话与合作，寻求互利共赢解决分歧的办法。
China values its economic cooperation and trade with Brazil and pursues a mutually beneficialresolution of disputes through dialogue and cooperation.胡锦涛在官方中央电视台上表示，中国应扩大与朝鲜的经贸合作。
新编外经贸英语函电与谈判句子翻译
1. 我们愿与贵公司建立业务往来。
We are willing to establish trade relations with your company2. 我们愿与发展对方贸易提供机会。
We wish to offer you an opportunity to develop bilateral trade.3. 我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务，希望与贵方建立商业关系。
This corporation specializes in importing and exporting electronic products and wishes to enter into business relations with you.4. 根据你公司1月20日来函要求，现附目录一份。
As requested in your letter of Jan.20, we enclose a copy of our catalogue.5. 对你努力为我公司产品开拓市场，深表感谢。
We very much appreciate your efforts to explore the market for our products.6. 我们相信，贵我双方的业务将随着时间的推移而得到发展。
We are sure that the business between us will be promoted in years to come.7. 我们保证对于贵方的询价给予充分的重视。
We assure you of our best attention to any inquiries from you.8. 殷切地盼望早日来函。
We anticipate a prompt reply from you.Unit Two1.如果你方报价具有竞争性，交货期可接受的话，我们愿与你方交货。
We shall be very glad to place our order with you if your quotation is competitive and delivery date acceptable.2. 一收到你方具体询价，我们将电告报价。
浅谈国际经贸英语的英汉翻译技巧
浅谈国际经贸英语的英汉翻译技巧摘要经贸英语，即国际经济贸易往来中使用的英语。
经贸英语作为一门专门用途英语，有着区别于普通英语的语言特点。
本文拟通过分析经贸英语的语言规律和特点，对经贸英语的英汉翻译做初步的研究和探讨。
关键词经贸英语语言特点英汉翻译技巧一、经贸英语的特点经贸英语，即国际经济贸易往来中使用的英语，是我国涉外经济活动中的主要交际语言。
内容涉及领域广泛，包括外贸运输、金融、投资、财会、经营管理、市场营销、对外经贸合同和法律文书等。
经贸英语作为专门用途英语，有着区别于普通英语的语言特点。
（一）经贸英语用词简洁。
因为国际经济活动非常讲究效率，使用常见的词语便于双方理解和接受信息；修饰语少，有助于内容的直截了当，所以经贸英语一般用词简洁。
（二）语义明确，固定表达。
经贸英语有很多表达沿袭很久，形成了固定说法，存在着很多专业术语。
（三）行文准确、清楚。
因为经贸活动中涉及贸易双方的责任、权利、义务和风险利害关系，而且备忘录、函电等文字与材料又是各种贸易单证与合同合法有效的依据。
任何用词的任何错误，都有可能导致意想不到的后果，是要避免的。
所以用语要正式规范，不能过于口语化，及经贸英语所使用的语言不能过于非正式。
经贸英语的准确、清楚主要表现在商务合同等法律文件，多用长句、复合句、并列复合句等法律公文常用句式，以及介词（短语）、插入语、同位语、倒装句、被动语态（过去分词）等特殊句型。
如：GATT－the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade－is a multilateral treaty, subscribed to by 88 governments which together account for more than four-fifths of world trade.二、经贸英语的英汉翻译技巧基于以上经贸英语用词严谨，词义准确，句式结构复杂，专业化强等特点，笔者提出三种翻译技巧：（一）词类的转译。
经贸英语词汇的特点及翻译
经贸英语词汇的特点及翻译作者：任平来源：《教育界》2012年第27期【摘要】经贸英语的词汇、句法、文体等方面有其与普通英语不同的特点,在翻译的时候就必须考虑到这些因素,译文才能做到准确、适当。
本文着重探讨了经贸英语词汇的特点和相关翻译问题。
【关键词】经贸英语词汇翻译随着经济全球化和互联网经济时代的到来,经贸英语(Economy& Trade English)在国际交流和商务交往中的作用越来越大。
因此,了解经贸英语的特点,注意其与通用英语的区别,避免对经贸英语的误解和误用就显得十分必要。
本文从经贸英语词汇的角度来探讨其特点及相关的翻译问题。
1 经贸英语的特点1.1 用词准确与普通英语不同的是,经贸英语具有其运用领域所赋予它的带有行业特征的一些特点。
它在用词方面力求准确無误,以避免可能产生的误解。
经贸英语的词汇一般选用那些词义相对单一而稳定的词来替代那些词义丰富灵活的词。
例:我们同意开即期信用证支付所购货物。
We are agreeable to opening sight L/C to cover our purchases.句中的cover和purchase都是正式用词,cover是支付的意思;purchase是购买的意思。
一般较正式、大规模的商业性购买都用purchase这个词,而不用buy这个词,buy较多的指日常少量购买。
1.2 运用专业术语经贸英语专业性强的特点导致专业术语的大量使用。
例:保险公司签发的保险单或保险凭证,按发票价值110%将货物投保发运地点至目的港仓库的海上风险、火险、战争险和中国人民保险公司货物保险条例的综合险,无免赔额。
Insurance Policies or Certificates issued by insurance companies, for 110% of invoice value, fully covering the merchandise from point of origin to warehouse at destination against the risks of Marine Perils, Fire, War and C.I.C. Cargo Clauses (all risks) irrespective of percentage.该句中的专业术语就有8个之多(insurance policy,invoice,merchandise, origin,destination, Marine Peril,C.I.C. all risks),分别表示(保险单;发票;商品;原产地;目的地;海上风险;中国人民保险公司;一切险)。
基础英语国贸专业英汉互译题目总汇(7)
基础英语国贸专业英汉互译题目总汇（7）国内工业 home industries国内产品 home products国内贸易 the home trade国内市场 the home market美国国会 the United States Congress外贸保税区法 the Foreign Trade Zones Act（英国）议院的法案 An Act of Parliament（美国）国会的法案 The Acts of congress外贸保税区管理委员会 the Foreign Trade Zone Board董事会 the Board of Directors国际商务局 the Bureau of International Commerce天津商检局 Tianjin Commodity Inspection Bureau美国商业部United States Department of Commerce市场经济 market economy计划经济 planned economy决定性的测验 the crucial test决定性的问题 the crucial question在重要的关头 at the crucial moment以分散的方式 in a decentralized fashion市场价格机制 a price-and-market mechanism技术工 skilled labor劳工与雇主之间的关系 labor relations工党 the Labor Party纯粹的形式 a pure form英国工业革命 the English Industrial Revolution 法国大革命 The French Revolution普遍地 at large倾向于做某事 be inclined to do sth.全社会 society at large有…倾向的 be subject to由…产生的 stem from实质上，根本上 in effect供求机制 the supply and demand mechanism完全承袭…传统 in the full tradition of对于…感到悲观 be pessimistic about对于…感到乐观 be optimistic about指出 point out个人利益private interest社会利益 society interest支持某人on sb's side获胜，击败 triumph over高度计划的社会主义经济 highly planned socialist economies 用这样或那样的方式 in one way or another介入 step in决不 by no means当然，必定 by all means就…而言as far as…is concerned比较利益 comparative advantage把…从…解放出来free…from使…束缚于bind…to…生产过程 production processes比较利益原则 the law of comparative advantage指…而言 refer to把…比作为 compare to适用于 be applicable to使适应，使适合 be geared to/toward为某事给某人报酬或奖赏 reward sb for sth把…应用于，使用于apply…to…归类程序 sorting process彼此 one another相比之下 by contrast卷入 involve in完完全全的自由贸易 perfectly free commerce致力于devote…to对…有益处的 be beneficial to整个社会的普遍利益 the universal good of the whole 独特的力量 the peculiar powers大批量生产 mass production总的生产规模 the general mass of productions总收益 general benefit商业往来 commercial intercourse文明世界 the civilized world把…用于… employ…in不得不做某事 be obliged to do sth.在…方面低劣 inferior in在…方面优越 superior in交换 in exchange for对…有利 be advantageous for 使…从…转移到divert…from…to标准化集装箱 standardized containers 集装箱运输container transport陆运 overland transportation海运 sea transportation空运 air transportation水运 water transportation管道运输 pipeline transportation联运 combined transport承运人 carrier托运人 consignor收货人 consignee铁路运单 consignment note空运单 air waybill租船合同 charter party提单 bill of lading订舱单 booking note重新占领市场 regain market share背负式运输服务 piggy-back service从…方面来讲 in terms of专门从事 specialize in与…结合 merge with失效，崩溃 break down存货占用成本 inventory carrying costs短途送货short-distance distribution长途送货long distance distribution汽车装运的货物 trucked goods空运货物 air freight基础设施 infrastructure本资料由湖北自考论坛收集整理，更多自考资料请登录下载考试必看：。
2022考研英语作文话题词必备：经济贸易类
考研英语作文积累素材是一个必备的任务，在冲刺复习阶段，作文是重要的提分项目，大家要重视起来，对于一些常见话题所涉及的词汇短语最好多积累积累，以便于在写作时能够更好的遣词造句。
下面是经济贸易类的常见词汇短语，大家注意看下。
1.改革产业结构reform the structure of industries2. 亏损企业loss-making enterprises3. 搞活企业enliven enterprises4. 加快现代化步伐quicken the modernization drive5. 跨国公司transnational corporation / multinational corporation6. 乡镇企业township enterprises7. 国有企业state-owned enterprises8. 合资企业joint ventures9. 解放生产力emancipate/ liberate productivity10.振兴国家经济invigorate our state economy11.实行股份制introduce the shareholding system12.全面深化改革deepen reform all round13.提高经济效益improve economic results14.增进效益increase economic returns15.宏观经济调控macro-economic control and management16. 经济实力economic strength17. 经济转轨economic transformation18. 经营机制operative mechanism19. 整顿经济秩序rectify economic order20. 引进竞争机制introduce a competitive mechanism21. 建立技术密集型企业set up technologically-intensive enterprises22. 招商引资canvass business and introduce investment23. 房地产real estate24. 经济特区special economic zone25. 基础设施infrastructure facilities26. 豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects27. 投资热点investment hot spot28. 外向型经济export-oriented economy29. 按劳分配distribute according to the work performance30. 打破平均主义break / abandon equalitarian31. 沿海开放城市open coastal cities32. 保税区bonded zone/ area33. 金融改革banking system34. 国民生产总值Gross National Product35. 扶贫项目anti-poverty project36. 下海经商plunge into the private business37. 协调发展coordinate the development38. 住房改革housing reform39.社会保障体系social security system40. 数字时代digital times41. 信息高速公路the information superhighway42. 虚拟社区virtual communities43. “菜蓝子”工程the “shopping-basket”project ( the non-staple foodproject)44. 拳头产品knock-out products/ competitive products45. 市场萧条slack market46. 中国质量万里行China’s Long March to Quality campaign47. 冒牌产品fake brand-name products48. 假冒伪劣商品fake and poor quality commodities49. 谋取暴力reap colossal profits50. 提出索赔lodge a claim51. 投诉lodge complaint52. 贸易争端trade disputes53. 乱收费random charges54. 市场疲软sluggish market55 .贸易顺差favorable trade balance56. 贸易逆差unfavorable trade balance57. 实行优惠政策launch a preferential policy58. 繁荣市场flourish the market59. 加入世贸组织accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO60. 最惠国待遇Most-Favored-Nation treatment61. 消费者协会consumer’s association62. 消费者购买力consumer purchasing power63. 新兴市场emerging market64. 抑制消费control / inhibit consumption65. 无形资产intangible assets66. 有形资产tangible assets67. 市场占有率market share68. 严重违约grave breach of contract69. 泡沫经济bubble economy70. 品牌效应brand effect71. 企业重组reshuffle of enterprises72. 贸易壁垒trade barrier73. 人才流失brain drain74. 清理“三角债”break up the debt chain75. 企业文化corporate culture76. 商业炒作commercial speculation77. 扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption78. 拉动经济增长fuel economic growth79. 连锁反应chain reaction / domino effect80. 竞争优势competitive edge81. 经济结构调整economic restructuring82. 经济增长点economic growth point ; growth engine83. 经济过热overheated economy84. 经济滑坡economic downturn85. 集约化经营intensive management86. 灰色收入gray income87. 福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system88. 分期付款installment payment89. 从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy90. 按揭购房buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house91. 边际效益marginal benefit92. 不良贷款non-performing loan93. 裁减冗员lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing94. 产品更新换代upgrade of products95. 创业园high-tech business incubator; pioneer park96. 促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy97. 家庭联产承包责任制household contract responsibility system98. 人才战competition for talented people99. 脱贫致富shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity100. 资源优化配置optimizing the allocation of resources。
经贸翻译 句子翻译一 汉译英
A great way to get a job单词20121130翻译练习-12012-08-19 10:57:26| 分类：英语学习| 标签：|举报|字号大中小订阅句子翻译练习1. 根据公司在过去一年的经营状况，董事会批准了一批新的投资计划。
The company board sanctioned a new array of investment projects based on last year.The company board approved a new array of investment plans according to last year's ___.The board of directors approved a series of new investment plans based on the company's performance of the previous year.2. 这家巨型电子企业没有及时对新的市场需求做出反应，结果削弱了自身的竞争力。
The electronic gigantic magnate did not react simutaneously to new requirements, which led to a lack of competiveness for the company.Failure to respond promptly to new market demands has blunted the electronic giant's competitive edge.3. 良好的形象是商务活动取得成功的最关键因素之一。
Good profile is one of the key factors in succeeding in business.A good image is one of the most vital ingredients of business success.4. 我们相信，在两市的共同努力下，我们两市的友好合作必定进一步发展。
经贸翻译应用翻译
All disputes arising from the execution, or in connection with, this contract shall be settled amicably through friendly negotiation.
运用商务套语
xxx (hereinafter referred to as the “Buyer”) as one party and bbb (hereinafter referred to as the “Seller”) as the other party agree to sing the present Contract under the following terms and conditions. 本合同由xxx(以下简称“买方”)为一方，以 以下简称“ 为一方， 本合同由 以下简称 买方” 为一方 ccc( 以下简称“卖方” 为另一方 根据以下条款签订。 为另一方， 以下简称“卖方”)为另一方，根据以下条款签订。
5 .措辞委婉 1).Enclosed please find a copy of our price list. 2). We should be much obliged if you could make us a firm offer for 100 tons. 1)中倒装祈使句的形式使表达的意思贤得委婉、客 中倒装祈使句的形式使表达的意思贤得委婉、 中倒装祈使句的形式使表达的意思贤得委婉 这也是经贸英语中特定的表达方式。 气。这也是经贸英语中特定的表达方式。 2）常用“oblige”, “appreciate”等词”， 此外， 等词” 此外， ）常用“ 等词 虚拟语气也是经贸英语中常见的语言现象。 虚拟语气也是经贸英语中常见的语言现象。
外贸常用英语句式翻译内容
外贸常用英语句式翻译报价谈判阶段：谢谢你的询盘/询价。
Thanks for your inquiry/enquiry.Thanks for reaching/getting to us.对不起，请允许我和生产部门/仓库确认一下这个尺寸，我马上回来。
Allow me to check this size with our production department, I will be right back.Production department/warehouse/你预期的价格是?What’s your expected price? Target priceWhat price were you expecting?你知道的，中国市场上总是会有更低的价格，我建议你对那家提供低价的供应商做一下评估，例如他们是不是会用次级的材质。
You may know, it always has/there always be lower price in Chinese market. I suggest that you may evaluate the supplier who offers low price and see if they would provide inferior material.要不先试一个样品单？我们很乐意提供样品给你做质量测试Would you like/do you need a sample, we arepleased/glad/willing to offer free samples for quality test.为了防止误解，请问你有图片可以发给我做双重确认吗？For avoiding mis…To Avoid/prevent Mis-understanding,Could you pls send me pictures for double-check当然，我们可以提供相关的材质报告。
外刊经贸知识选读 课 带中文翻译 (3)
旺旺英语Lesson 3Beijing Rising(Excerpts)China’s emergence as an economic heavyweight after more than a decade of fast growth makes it likely to supplant Japan as the West’s main trade worry in AsiaBy Frank Gibney Jr.经过十多年的快速发展，中国作为举足轻重的经济强国的出现，使得中国有可能取代日本，而成为西方在亚洲的主要贸易对手。
If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks. The traffic on Highway 204 is so thick that the trip from Shanghai to Zhangjiagang –only 115 kilometers away –takes five hours.如果有一条通向中国未来的路，那就是穿越上海的204国道。
呼吁全球聚在一起提振经济的英文口号
呼吁全球聚在一起提振经济的英文口号"Unite Globally, Revive Economically! Together for a Prosperous Future!""Global Solidarity, Economic Resurgence!""Join Hands Worldwide, Ignite Economic Recovery!""One World, Shared Economy - Unite, Stimulate, Succeed!""Building Bridges, Boosting Economies - The Global Way!""Collaboration, Innovation, Economic Transformation - A Global Synergy.""Unify, Motivate, Thrive - Driving Global Economic Resilience!""Global Economic Renaissance: Coalesce, Empower, Flourish!""A Call to Global Action: Restore and Revitalize Our Economies!""Embracing Unity, Jolt Economic Growth - A Global Agenda.""United We Stand, Reinvigorate Economies - A Global Imperative!""Solidarity Prevails, Economies Rebound - A Global Endeavor.""Cohesion for Economic Elevation - Global Dreams, Synergistic Success.""Resilience, Recovery, Prosperity - Together, We Can Achieve!""Rekindling Growth, Inspiring Hope - A United Front for Economic Revival.""Collaboration Unleashed: Fueling Economic Resurgence Worldwide!""Global Empathy, Economic Healing - Together, We Rise.""Renewal Through Unity - A Global Call to Economic Rebirth.""Harnessing Our Collective Strength - Nurturing Global Economic Resilience.""Amping Up Global Prosperity - Unite, Innovate, Accelerate!""Building a Sustainable Future - Bridging Economies Worldwide.""Rising Above Challenges, Reigniting Economies - Global Resurgence.""Unite, Invest, Prosper - A Global Rally for Economic Growth!""From Adversity to Prosperity - A Global Movement for Economic Renewal.""Empowering Nations, Inspiring Economies - United for a Thriving World.""A Global Symphony for Economic Rejuvenation - Harmonizing Growth Worldwide.""Strength in Numbers, Reviving Global Economies - Unite to Thrive!""Rebuilding Beyond Borders - Global Solidarity for Economic Rebound.""Global Determination, Economic Regeneration - Unifying for a Brighter Future.""Unleashing Economic Potential, Breaking Boundaries - Together We Flourish!"。
海南自由贸易港英语300句
海南自由贸易港的繁荣与机遇：300句英语洞察**Prosperity and Opportunities of Hainan Free Trade Port: 300 Insights in English****English Content**Hainan, a tropical paradise known for its beaches and warm weather, has emerged as a global hub for trade and investment. The establishment of the Hainan Free Trade Port (HFTP) marks a significant milestone in China's opening-up policy, offering unprecedented opportunities for both domestic and foreign investors.Located at the crossroads of the Asia-Pacific region, HFTP serves as a gateway for trade and investment, connecting China with the rest of the world. The policies implemented by the HFTP aim to create a highly efficient, transparent, and convenient business environment, attracting a wave of investors andcompanies seeking to capitalize on the region's economic growth.One of the key attractions of the HFTP is its tax incentives. Foreign companies operating in the port enjoy reduced corporate tax rates, as well as exemptions on import tariffs and value-added taxes. These tax breaks significantly lower the cost of operations, making Hainan an attractive destination for both manufacturing and services industries.Another notable feature of the HFTP is its commitment to environmental sustainability. The port actively promotes green technologies and eco-friendly practices, encouraging companies to adopt sustainable production methods. This focus on sustainability not only aligns with global environmental goals but also positions Hainan as a leader in green business practices.The HFTP also boasts a robust infrastructure network, including modern ports, airports, and highways. This well-connected infrastructure facilitates the smooth flow of goods and services, enabling companies to efficiently reach markets both domestically and internationally.The people of Hainan are also an integral part of the HFTP's success. The local workforce is highly skilled and multilingual, with a strong emphasis on innovation and entrepreneurship. The government has also implemented several policies to promote talent development and attract top-tier professionals from around the world.The HFTP's commitment to innovation extends to its financial sector as well. The port offers a range of financial services, including innovative financing options and a robust capital market. This financial freedom enables companies to raise funds easily and expand their operations seamlessly.The HFTP's location within the Asia-Pacific region also gives it a strategic advantage. With its proximity to major economies like China, Japan, and Australia, Hainan is well-positioned to capitalize on the region's economic growth and integration. This strategic location also makes it easier for companies to tap into the vast consumer market of Asia.Overall, the Hainan Free Trade Port offers a unique blend of tax incentives, environmental sustainability, robust infrastructure, skilled workforce, and strategic location. These factors combined make Hainan a highly attractive destination for investors seeking to capitalize on the region's economic growth and opportunities.**Chinese Content**海南，这个以海滩和温暖天气著称的热带天堂，如今已成为全球贸易和投资的枢纽。
考研英语阅读形容经济如雨后春笋般的英语句子
考研英语阅读形容经济如雨后春笋般的英语句子形容经济如雨后春笋般的英语句子有：1.The economy is thriving like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. 经济繁荣得像春雨过后的春笋。
2.The economy is booming, much like bamboo shoots sprouting in the spring.经济正在蓬勃发展，就像春天里长出的竹笋一样。
3.The economy is experiencing a rejuvenation, much like the vigorous growthof bamboo shoots in the rainy season. 经济正在经历复兴，就像雨季里春笋的旺盛生长一样。
4.The economy is rapidly expanding, much like the speedy growth of bambooshoots in the springtime. 经济正在迅速扩张，就像春天的竹笋一样迅速生长。
5.The economy is flourishing, much like the profusion of bamboo shoots inthe wake of a rainstorm. 经济正蓬勃发展，就像暴雨过后春笋盛开一样。
实例句型分析：In the past ten years, millions of... have mush roomed all over China.译文：在过去的十年里，数百万的…在中国如雨后春笋般出现了。
点睛：本句可以用在说明某一情况的说明文的开头，也可以用于议论文的举例说明部分。
mushroom本意是“蘑菇”，在此作动词，表示“如雨后春笋般出现”。
句型拓展：Along with the development of China, more and more people take health into consideration and therefore gyms mushroom.随着中国的发展，越来越多的人开始关注健康，因此健身房如雨后春笋般出现了。
经贸英语、广告英语的翻译
合资企业是由两家或多家出资方组成的企业组织形式。与外商兴办合资企业以扩大国际经济合作与技术交流是中国的一项政策。根据中国合资企业法，合资企业须采取股份有限公司的形式。合资企业的盈亏须按合资各方在注册资金中的出资比例来分摊。
According to the survey report enclosed in your letter, the case was found renailed upon inspection. As it is proved by the clean B/L that the case was received and shipped in apparent good condition, the shortage was evidently caused by pilferage in transit. We would advise you to seek remedy from your insurer if the goods were insured against T.P.N.D.
皮张之厚无以复加;利润之薄无以复减。(上海鹤鸣皮鞋厂广告)
The leather shoes made here are thick enough; the profit that' s obtained is slight enough.
一“厚”一“薄”对照鲜明，一“加”一“减”相映成趣。这则对联广告词很风趣，商品的特色，企业形象，通过比照跃然纸上。相应的译句虽然未能保留原句的对照辞格和对联形式，但忠于原文意义，且由于句末重复了"enough"，压了尾韵，读来流畅，给人深刻印象，其功能不亚于原文。
你方寄来之检验报告说明，当检查时发现箱子已重新钉过。查此货发运时外表情况良好，有清洁提单为证。因此很清楚，短少系货物运输中被窃所致。如果你方已保偷窃提货不着险，建议你方向承运公司要求赔偿。
国际贸易常用词英语翻译及缩写(全)
经贸常用词缩写(A)A.A.R = against all risks 担保全险,一切险A.B.No. = Accepted Bill Number 进口到单编号A/C = Account 账号AC. = Acceptance 承兑acc = acceptance,accepted 承兑,承诺a/c.A/C = account 帐,帐户ackmt = acknowledgement 承认,收条[/color]a/d = after date 出票后限期付款(票据)ad.advt. = advertisement 广告adv. = advice 通知(书)ad val. = Ad valorem(according to value) 从价税A.F.B. = Air Freight Bill 航空提单Agt. = Agent 代理商AI = first class 一级AM = Amendment 修改书A.M.T. = Air Mail Transfer 信汇Amt. = Amount 额,金额A.N. = arrival notice 到货通知A.P. = account payable 应付账款A/P = Authority to Purchase 委托购买a.p. = additional premiun 附加保险费A.R. = Account Receivable 应收款Art. = Article 条款,项A/S = account sales 销货清单a/s = after sight 见票后限期付款asstd. = Assorted 各色俱备的att,.attn. = attention 注意av.,a/v = average 平均,海损a/v = a vista (at sight) 见票即付经贸常用词缩写(B)B/-,b/- = bale,bag 包,装bal.,balce. = balance 余额bbl. = barrel 桶,樽B/C = bill for collection 托收票据B.D. = Bills discounted 贴现票据B/D = bank draft 银行汇票b/d = brought down 承前页B’dle,bdl = bundle 束,把B/E = bill of exchange 汇票B/F = brought forward 承前页bg = bag 袋BIS = Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行BK = Bank 银行Bkg. = Banking 银行业务B/L = Bill of Lading 提单B/N = bank note 银行纸币B.O. = Branch Office 分支行b/o = brought over 承前bot. = bottle 瓶B/P = bill purchased 买入票据,出口押汇B/P = bills payable 应付票据B/R = bills receivable 应收票据Brl.,barl. = barrel 桶,樽bx = box 箱,盒经贸常用词缩写(C)C/- = case,currency,coupon 箱,通货,息票c. =cent,centimes,centigrade 分(美),分(法),百分度(寒暑表)C.A. = Credit Advice 收款报单C.A.D. = cash against documents on arrival of good货到后凭单付款c.a.d. = cash against documents 凭单证付现金c.a.f.= cost and freight 成本加运费cat. = catalogue 货品目录C.B. = clean bill 光票C/B = Clean Bill 光票C.B.D. = Cash before delivery 付现金后交货c.c. = carbon copy,cubic centimeter 副本,立方公分C/C,C.C = Chamber of Commerce 商会pC/D = cash against document 凭单据付款C.D. = Collection and Delivery 托交Cert.= Certificate 证明书c/f = carried forward 过次页C&F = cost and freight 运费在内价C.F.S. = container freight station 集装箱集散场c.f.& i. = Cost freight and insurance 运费保险费在内价C.H. = Clearing House 票据交换所C.I. = Certificate of Insurance 保险单C&I = Cost and Insurance 货价及保险c.i.a. = cash in advance 预付现金cif,c.i.f. = cost,insurance and freight 运费保险费在内价c.i.f.&c.= cost,insurance,freight and commission 运费,保险费,利息在内价C.I.F.E. = Cost,Insurance,Freight and Exchange 运费,保险费,汇票在内价C.I.F.I. = Cost,Insurance,Freight and Interest 运费,保险费,利息在内价C.I.F.C.I.= Cost,Insurance,Freight,Commission and Interest 运费,保险费,佣金,利息在内价CK = Check 支票CL = collection 托收CM = Commission 佣金C/N.C.N. = credit note,covering note,consignment note 货方通知,保险承保单,发货通知书C.O. = certificate of origin 产地证明书c/o = care of carried over 烦转,过次页Co. = company 公司c.o.d.= cash on delivery 货到付款Con.Inv. = Concular Invoice 领事发票corp. = corporation 法人,公司C/P = charter party 租船契约cr. = credit 货方,债权人cs = case 箱csk.,ck = cask 樽C.W.O.= cash with order 现金订货,下定付款cwt. = hundred weight 衡量名C.Y. = container yard 集装箱集散场经贸常用词缩写(D)、(E)DD/A =documents against acceptance, 承兑后交付单= documents for acceptance,= documents attached, 备承兑单据= deposit account 存款账号d/a = days after acceptance 承兑后……日付款D.A. = Debit advice 付款报单D/D,D. = Demand draft,documentary draft 即期汇票,跟单汇票d/d = day’s date (days after date) 出票后……日付款d.f.,d.fet. = dead freight 空载运费(船)Disc. = Discount 贴现;折扣DLT = Day Letter Telegram 书信电D/N = debit note 借方通知D/O = delivery order 卸货通知书D/P = documents against payment 付款后交付单据Dr. = debit debter 借方,债务人d/s. = days’ sight 见票后……日付款DV = Dividends 股利Eea. = each 每,各e.e.E.E. = error excepted 错误除外E/B = Export-Import Bank p 进出口银行(美国)enc.,encl.= enclosure 附件E.& O.E. = errors and omissions excepted 错误或遗漏不在此限ETA = estimated time of arrival 预定到达日期ex. = example,executive,exchange,extract 例子,执行官,外汇交换,摘要Exp. = Export 出口经贸常用词缩写(F)f.a.q.=fair average quality 良好平均品质f.a.s.=free alongside ship 船边交货价F.B.E.=foreign bill of exchange 国外汇票f.c.l.=full container load 整个集装箱装满f.d.free discharge 卸货船方不负责F.& D.=Freight and Demurrage 运费及延装费f.i.=free in 装货船方步负责f.i.o.=free in and out 装卸货船方均不负责f.i.o.=free in out stowed and trimming 装卸堆储平仓船方均不负责f.o.=free out 卸货船方不负责f.o.,f/o=firm offer 规定时限的报价f.o.b.=free on board 船上交货价f.o.c.=free of charge免费F.O.I.=free of Interest 免息f.o.r.=free on rail,free on road 火车上交货价f.o.s.=free on steamer 轮船上交货价f.o.t.=free on truck 卡车上交货价f.p.a.=free of particular average 单独海损不保fr.f=franc,from,free 法郎,从,自由FX=Foreign Exchange 外汇经贸常用词缩写(G)、(H)Gg=good,goods,gramme 佳,货物,一克G/A=general average 共同海损GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税贸易总协定gm.=gramme 一克g.m.b.=good merchantable brand品质良好适合买卖之货品g.m.q.=good merchantable quality良好可售品质G/N=Guarantee of Notes 承诺保证g.s.w.=gross shipping weight 运输总重量gr.wt.=gross weight 毛重Hh.=hour,harbour,height 时,港,高度H.O.=Head Office 总公司h.p.=horse power 马力hr.=hour 时IIATA=International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会IBRD=International Bank Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行I/C=Inward Collection 进口托收ICC=International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会IMO=International Money Orders 国际汇票Imp=Import 进口IN=Interest 利息IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金inst.=instant(this month) 本月int.=interest 利息Inv.=Invoice 发票IOU=I owe you 借据I/P=Insurance Policy 保险单I/R=Inward Remittance 汇入汇款ISIC=International Standard Industrial Classification 国际行业标准分类it.=item 项目Kk.=karat(carat) 卡拉(纯金含有度)kg.=keg,kilogramme笑,公斤K.W.=Kilo Watt 千瓦LL/A=Letter of Authorization 授权书lbs.=pounds 磅L/C=Letter of Credit 信用证L/H=General Letter of Hypothecation 质押权利总股定书L/I=Letter of Indemnity赔偿保证书L/G=Letter of Guarantee 保证函l.t.=long ton 长吨(2,240磅)L/T=Letter Telegram 书信电报Ltd.=Limited 有限责任L/U=Letter of Undertaking 承诺书Mm.=mile,metre,mark,month,minute,meridian(noon)哩,公尺,记号,月,分,中午m/d=month after date 出票后……月付款memo.=memorandum 备忘录M.I.P.=marine insurance policy 海上保险单misc.=miscellaneous杂项M/L=more or less增或减M/N=Minimum最低额MO=Money Order拨款单,汇款单,汇票m/s=months after sight见票后……月付款m.s.=mail steamer,mail transfer油船,轮船M.T.=metric ton,mail transfer公吨,信汇M/T=Mail Transfer信汇m.v.=motor vessel轮船NN.B.=Nota Bene(take notice)注意NO.=number号码n/p=non-payment拒付Nt.Wt=Net Weight净重OO.=Order定单，定货O.B/L=Order bill of lading指示式提单O.C.P.=Overland Common Point通常陆上运输可到达地点O/C=Outward Collection出口托收OD.=Overdraft透支O/d=overdraft,on demand透支，要求即付款（票据）O/No.=order number定单编号o.p.=open policy预约保单O/R=Outward Remittance汇出汇款ORT=ordinary telegram寻常电报o/s=on sale,out of stock廉售，无存货O/S=old style老式o.t.=old term旧条件oz=ounce盎斯PP/A，p/a=particular average单独海损pa=power of attorney委任状=private account私人账户p.a.=per annum(by the year)每年p.c.=per cent,petty cash百分比,零用金p.l.=partial loss分损P.&I.=Protection and Indemnity意外险P.&L.=profit and loss益损P.M.O.=postal money order邮政汇票P/N=promissory note本票P.O.B.=postal office box邮政信箱p.o.d.=payment on delivery交货时付款P.O.D.=Pay on Delivery发货付款P/O=Payment Order支付命令P/R=parcel receipt邮包收据prox.=proximo(next month)下月PS.=postscript再启pt.=pint品脱P.T.O.=please turn over请看里面PTL=private tieline service电报专线业务Qqlty=quality品质qr=quarter四分之一qty=quantity数量quotn=quotation报价单qy=quay码头Rrecd=received收讫recpt=receipt收据ref.=reference参考,关于RFWD=rain,fresh water damage雨水及淡水险remit.=remittance汇款r.m.=ready money,readymade备用金,现成的RM=Remittance汇款R.O.=remittance Order汇款委托书R.P.=reply paid,returnof post邮下或电费预付,请即会示rt.=rate率SS.A.=-Statement of Account账单s.a.=subject to approval以承认(赞成,批准)为条件S/C=sale contract售货合同S/D=sight draft即期汇票S/D=sea damage海水损害SD.=Sundries杂项SE.=Securities抵押品S/N=shipping note装运通知S.O.s.o.=shipping order,seller’s option装船通知书,卖方有权选择S/S,s/s,ss,s.s=steamship轮船s.t.=short ton短吨TT/A=telegraphic address电报挂号tgm=telegram电报T.L.O.=total loss only只担保全损(分损不赔)T.M.O.=telegraphic money order电报汇款T.R.=trust receipt信托收据T.T.=telegraphic transfer电汇TPND=theft,pilferage and nondelivery盗窃遗失条款Uult.=ultimo(last month)上月u/w=underwriter保险业者Vvoy.=voyage航次V.V.=Vice Versa反之亦然Ww.a.=with average水渍险(单独海损赔偿)war=with risk担保一切险W/B=way bill warehouse book货运单,仓库簿wgt=weight重量whf=wharf码头W/M=weight or measurement重量或容量w.p.a.=with particular average单独海损赔偿W.R.=War Risk战争险W.R.=warehouse receipt仓单wt=weight重量Xx.d.=ex dividend除息XX=good quality良好品质*=very good quality甚佳品质*X=best quality最佳品质Yyd.=yard码yr.=your,year你的，年ZZ=Zone地区，地带ZCL=Zone di Commercia自由贸易区。
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变化。
类似的例子还有许多，如：Ｆｏｒ ｍｏｎｔｈｓ ｎｏｗ， ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｂｌｕｅ－ｃｈｉｐａｖｅｒａｇｅｓ ｐｕｓｈｅｄ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ａｎｄ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ，ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｏｃｋ ｍａｒｋｅｔ’ｓ ａｄｖａｎｃｅｇｒｅｗ ｔｈｉｎｎｅｒ ａｎｄ ｔｈｉｎｎｅｒ．译文：几个月来，随着蓝筹股平均价格不断创下新高，人们对于股市上升的支持率反而降低了。
ｂｌｕｅ和ｃｈｉｐ单独理解时分别可指“蓝色的”和“芯片”，但是复合在一起的ｂｌｕｅ－ｃｈｉｐ在股指期货中应译为“蓝筹股”或“热门股票”，指的是有名的大公司的普通股，增长稳定且风险较小。
ａｖｅｒａｇｅ 一词在股票用语中指的是“若干种股票的平均价格”，但在保险业中，ａｖｅｒａｇｅ 则指的是“海损的费用”。
二、辨清主从结构，根据上下文领会全句含义在处理长句和复杂句的翻译时，可视情况采用包孕、切分、拆离、重组和压缩五种方法。
具体分述如下：１．包孕法 （Ｅｍｂｅｄｄｉｎｇ）所谓包孕，是指将英语原文中的后置修饰成分置于中心词之前，使修饰成分在译文中形成前置包孕。
前置包孕可使句子结构紧凑、整体感强，因此经常使用在经贸长句的翻译中。
如：Ｔｈｅ Ｂｕｎｄｅｓｂａｎｋ ｃｕｔ ｉｔｓ ｄｉｓｃｏｕｎｔｒａｔｅ ３．５％， ｔｈｅ ｌｏｗｅｓｔ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｉｎ ｓｅｖｅｎ ｙｅａｒｓ．译文：德意志联邦银行将利率下调到七年来最低的３．５％。
再如：Ｃｏｎｇｒｅｓｓ ｈａｓ ｍａｄｅ ｌａｗｓ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｉｎｇｍｏｓｔ ｇｒｏｕｐｓ ｔｏ ｇｉｖｅ ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ａｂｏｕｔｈｏｗ ｍｕｃｈ ｔｈｅｙ ｓｐｅｎｄ ａｎｄ ｈｏｗ ｔｈｅｙｓｐｅｎｄ ｉｔ， ｔｈｅ ａｍｏｕｎｔ ａｎｄ ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ ｏｆ ｆｕｎｄｓ，ｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｈｉｐ， ａｎｄ ｎａｍｅｓ ａｎｄ ｓａｌａｒｉｅｓ ｏｆｔｈｅｉｒ ｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｓ．译文：国会已经制定法律，要求大部分集团呈报他们花费了多少钱，怎样花的，款项的总额以及来源、成员人数、代表的姓名和薪金等情况。
这两个例子中的后置修饰成分在翻译时均被提前，放在被修饰词即中心词之前，从而使得整个译文更为紧凑。
２．分切法 （Ｃｕｔｔｉｎｇ）攻坚经贸英语长句翻译庄苑珺 漳州师范学院外国语言文学系 ３６３０００引言经贸英语属于专业用途英语，所涉及的范围非常广泛，对于经贸英语的理解和翻译难，而对于经贸英语的长句理解和翻译更难。
造成英语长句一般有三个原因：一是后置修饰语多；二是联合成分多；三是句法结构复杂，层次重叠。
经贸英语中以长句为主的现象，使得经贸英语的长句翻译成为一个不可回避的事实。
彭萍在《商务文本翻译尺度的探讨》一文中提到经贸文体翻译的具体尺度应当是：意思准确，术语规范，语气贴切。
［１］（ｐ２０）笔者读后颇受启发，将这一翻译尺度引申到经贸文体的长句翻译中，笔者认为，译者可以注意从词义把握、长句译法以及经贸文体风格以及等方面着手进行翻译。
一、准确把握词汇的含义经贸英语中的词汇含义与普通用途英语词汇的含义有很大的差别，因此我们在翻译经贸长句时首先要具有商务专业知识。
例如在翻译有关的商务信函时，译者就应该对与支付条款、订货、价格、包装、合同保险、索赔、仲裁等术语要有清楚的概念，避免翻译的时候外行话连篇，否则即使每个单词都认识，也不能保证翻译准确无误。
我们先来看下面的一个例子：Ｏｕｒ ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ ｉｍｐｏｒｔｓ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｍｅｒｃｈａｎｄｉｓｅ ａｎｄ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ｉｎ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｓｉｎｃｅ １９３５．译文：我公司从１９３５年开始就从事杂货进口的贸易。
“ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ”一般可以译为“总的”，例如ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ｍａｎｇｅｒ译为总经理，ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ｕｎｉｏｎ译为总工会， ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ａｇｅｎｔ译为总代理等。
但是在与ｍｅｒｃｈａｎｄｉｓｅ的搭配中，其含义为“杂货，混合货物”。
在翻译不同类型的经贸文体时，译者要特别注意相同词汇在不同专业领域中词义的分切法就是在翻译时将英语长句按一定的句子结构进行分切，译成汉语的分句。
分切法是最常用、最有效的经贸长句的一种译法。
如：Ｗｏｒｌｄ Ｂａｎｋ Ｍａｎａｇｉｎｇ ＤｉｒｅｃｔｏｒＲｉｃｈａｒｄ Ｆｒａｎｋ ｓａｉｄ ｉｎ ａ ｓｔａｔｅｍｅｎｔ ｔｈａｔｔｈｅ ￥５２ ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎ ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｒｅｓｃｕｅ ｐａｃｋａｇｅａｓｓｅｍｂｌｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ Ｃｌｉｎｔｏｎ ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ－－ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ ￥１７ ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｍｏｎｅｔａｒｙ Ｆｕｎｄ－－ｗｏｕｌｄｍｅｅｔ Ｍｅｘｉｃｏ’ｓ ｓｈｏｒｔ－ｔｅｒｍ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌｃｒｉｓｉｓ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ｂｌｅｗ ｕｐ ａｆｔｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｄｅｖａｌｕｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｐｅｓｏ ｉｎ Ｄｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ．译文：世界银行行长理查德・弗兰克在一项声明中说，由美国克林顿政府组织筹集的５２０亿美元的国际援助贷款，其中包括国际货币基金组织提供的１７０亿美元贷款，将用于解决墨西哥目前面临的短期金融危机；这次危机是由于墨西哥政府在１２月将墨西哥比索贬值后而引发的。
这一句子中有同位语、插入语及定语从句，这些成分都是为了补充说明相关的情况和消息。
采用分切法翻译之后，基本保留了英语语序，形成流畅的顺译笔法，减少漏译或修饰关系错乱等。
同时，也能顺应长短句相间，单复句交错的现代汉语句法修辞原则。
３．拆离法 （Ｓｐｌｉｔｔｉｎｇ－ｏｆｆ）英语中有些长句很难用切分法翻译，也难以将其包孕在句中，此时只能使用拆离法，即将长句中的某些成分（如词、词组短语或从句等），从句子的主干中拆开，另行处理，以使译文意思表达通畅。
如：Ｔｈｉｓ ｙｅａｒ ｔｈｅ ｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｄ ａｕｔｏｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ４０ ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎ， ａｎｄ ｗｅ ｃａｎｓａｆｅｌｙ ａｓｓｕｍｅ ｔｈａｔ ｅｖｅｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｔｒｅｍｅｎｄｏｕｓｎｕｍｂｅｒ ｉｓ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｏ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ．译文：今年的汽车产量估计是四千万辆。
这个数字虽然很大了，但可能还要增加。
我们这么估计是有把握的。
再如：Ｔｈｏｓｅ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ ｉｎＳｉｌｉｃｏｎ Ｖａｌｌｅｙ ａｒｅ ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄａｂｌｙ ｐｒｏｕｄｏｆ ｔｈｅｉｒ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ．译文：那些在硅谷工作的中国科学家们对他们取得的成就感到很自豪，这是可以理解的。
从上述例句可以看出，采用拆离法后能将长句中一些不好处理的部分从句子的主干中拆分出来，另行安排，从而使译文语言流畅，更易于读者的理解接受。
４．重组法 （Ｒｅｃａｓｔｉｎｇ）所谓重组，指的是在摸清英语长句结构和弄懂原句含义的前提下，按照汉语的叙事习惯重新组合句子。
采用此种译法的长句一般据有以下的特点：（１）句子较长且结构复杂（２）运用了被动语态或假设语气，难以顺译。
（３）采用了插入、倒装、省略或其他的修辞手段，不拆散原句结构无法翻译的句子。
（４）句义含蓄或表达方式与汉语习惯差别较大的长句。
如：Ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ｍａｙ ｒａｎｇｅ ｆｒｏｍｄｅｔａｉｌｅｄ ｌｏｗ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｃｌｏｓｅ ｔｏ ｔｈａｔ ｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ ｂｙ ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒ ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ， ｔｏｔｈｅ ｓｏｐｈｉｓｔｉｃａｔｅｄ ｈｉｇｈ ｌｅｖｅｌ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｃａｎ ｂｅｒｅｎｄｅｒｅｄ ａｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙ ａｃｃｅｐｔａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｗｉｄｅｒａｎｇｅ ｏｆ ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒｓ．译文：计算机语言有低级也有高级的。
前者比较繁琐，很接近于特定计算机直接能懂的语言；后者比较复杂，适应范围广，能自动为多种计算机所接受。
译者在以上例句的翻译中，并不拘泥于原句的结构，而是为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯，在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上，彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式，对句子进行重新组合。
５．压缩法 （Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｎｇ）压缩法就是将原文中的复合句缩译成单句，或将多个简单句缩译成一个单句或一个复句等。
采用此种译法的好处是符合汉语的行文习惯，使译文更加紧凑、流畅。
如：Ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｉｂｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｅａｓｉｎｇｏｆ ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｈｒｅｅ ｍａｊｏｒｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｈａｄ ｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄｓｕｃｈ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｓ—Ｆｒａｎｃｅ， Ｊａｐａｎ， ａｎｄ ｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄ Ｋｉｎｇｄｏｍ． Ｔｈｉｓ ｒｅｌａｘａｔｉｏｎｐｅｒｍｉｔｔｅｄ ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｏｓｅ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ ａｃｃｅｓｓｔｏ ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｙ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔｓ， ｔｈｅｒｅｂｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｓｕｂｓｔｉｔｕｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃａｎｄ ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ａｓｓｅｔｓ．译文：最重要的开放措施是一直保持外汇控制的三个主要工业国—法国、日本和英国—放松了这些控制，这些国家的居民因此能够从事外汇投资，从而增加国内和国外资产的替代性。
本句的原文是两句，但第二句的ｔｈｉｓｒｅｌａｘａｔｉｏｎ就是前面的ｌｉｂｅｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，从语义看，第一句完全可以延伸到第二句，所以译者将两句压缩成了一句中文。
三、忠实原文，体现经贸文章的文体风格在掌握了长句的一些翻译技巧之后，由于经贸英语涉及的都是商务活动，其语言具有浓厚的商务特色，因此译者还要根据不同的经贸文体特点来对长句进行翻译，从而使译文忠实与经贸文章的文体风格。
以下笔者将从商务信函翻译、涉外合同翻译以及商务报刊翻译等角度分述长句翻译中的文体风格问题。
１．商务信函中的长句翻译商务信函属于公函语体，措辞严谨，语气委婉，注重礼节。
汉语商务信函有一整套的礼貌套语，往往使用“贵公司”、“谨”、“承蒙”、“敬请”、“见谅”等礼貌字眼，还使用“兹”、“获悉”、“为盼”等套语。
在英语信函中，礼貌套语的使用也相当频繁。
因此在翻译商务信函中长句时，就要特别注意恰当、得体的再现原信函中的礼貌语气。
如：Ｓｉｎｃｅ ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ ｎｏ ｄｉｒｅｃｔ ｓｔｅａｍｅｒ ｓａｉｌｉｎｇｆｒｏｍ ｈｅｒｅ ｔｏ ｙｏｕｒ ｐｏｒｔ ｐｒｉｏｒ ｔｏ Ｍａｙ１０ｔｈ， ｗｅ ａｒｅ ｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙ ｓｏｒｒｙ ｆｏｒ ｏｕｒｉｎａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｔｏ ａｄｖａｎｃｅ ｔｈｅ ｓｈｉｐｍｅｎｔ ａｓｒｅｑｕｅｓｔｅｄ．译文：由于５月１０日前此地无直达船舶驶往你方港口，实难按要求提前装运，请见谅。