Business Culture Final Exam 2009
全国09年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题
全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题课程代码:05844I. Translate the following words and expressions: (10%)(i) From English into Chinese:1. usance credit2. certificate of origin3. intermediate products4. compensation trade5. securities(ii) From Chinese into English:6.经济一体化7.母公司8.还盘9.保兑行10.充分就业II. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right: (5%)()11. preference a. a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports orexports of a commodity()12. mandate b. a practical advantage given to one over others ()13. quota c. social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of acontracting party()14. affiliate d. authority given to perform a duty()15. force majeure e. a business concern owned or controlledin whole or in part byanother concernIII. Make brief explanations of the following terms and give thefull name of the abbreviation in English: (20%)16. gross domestic product (GDP)17. direct exchange rate18. bill of exchange19. insurable interest20. ICCIV. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list (You can only choose 10 from the following 12 words in the square): (10%)Historically, counter trade was mainly conducted in the form of (21) ________, which is a direct exchange of goods of approximately(22)________ value between parties, with no (23) ________ involved. Such transactions were the very essence of business at times during which no money — that is, no common medium of (24)________ —existed or was available. Over time, money emerged as a convenient (25)________ that unlinked transactions from individual parties and their joint timing and (26)________ permitted greater flexibility in trading activities. Repeatedly, however, we can see returns to the barter system as a (27)________ of environment circumstances. Conditions that encourage such business activities are (28) of money, lack of value of or faith (29) ________ money, lack of acceptability of money as an exchange medium, or greater ease of transaction(30)________ using goods.V. Translate the following into English: (25%)31. 就出口商的利益而言,即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利。
2009-11真题答案
2009年11月企业人力资源管理师(国家职业资格二级)统测试题-参考答案200911人力2级-理论知识1A200911人力2级-理论知识2D200911人力2级-理论知识3B20091人力2级-理论知识4B200911人力2级-理论知识5D200911人力2级-理论知识6D200911人力2级-理论知识7A200911人力2级-理论知识8D200911人力2级-理论知识9B200911人力2级-理论知识1B200911人力2级-理论知识11D200911人力2级-理1A论知识2200911人力2级-理论知识13A200911人力2级-理论知识14C200911人力2级-理论知识15D200911人力2级-理论知识16D200911人力2级-理论知识17C200911人力2级-理论知识18C200911人力2级-理论知识19C200911人力2级-理论知识2D200911人力2级-理论知识21D200911人力2级-理论知识22C200911人力2级-理论知识23A200911人力2级-理论知识24B200911人力2级-理论知识25C200911人力2级-理论知识26D200911人力2级-理论知识27A200911人力2级-理论知识28D200911人力2级-理论知识29C200911人力2级-理论知识3A200911人力2级-理论知识31B200911人力2级-理论知识32A200911人力2级-理论知识33B200911人力2级-理论知识34C200911人力2级-理论知识35A200911人力2级-理论知识36A200911人力2级-理3B论知识7200911人力2级-理论知识38C200911人力2级-理论知识39A200911人力2级-理论知识4C200911人力2级-理论知识41A200911人力2级-理论知识42D200911人力2级-理论知识43B200911人力2级-理论知识44B200911人力2级-理论知识45A200911人力2级-理论知识46C200911人力2级-理论知识47B200911人力2级-理论知识48A200911人力2级-理论知识49A200911人力2级-理论知识5C200911人力2级-理论知识51D200911人力2级-理论知识52D200911人力2级-理论知识53B200911人力2级-理论知识54C200911人力2级-理论知识55C200911人力2级-理论知识56D200911人力2级-理论知识57A200911人力2级-理论知识58C200911人力2级-理论知识59D200911人力2级-理论知识6A200911人力2级-理论知识61C、E200911人力2级-理6A、B、E论知识2200911人力2级-理论知识63B、C、E200911人力2级-理论知识64A、B、C、D、E200911人力2级-理论知识65A、B、D200911人力2级-理论知识66D、E200911人力2级-理论知识67A、B、C、D、E200911人力2级-理论知识68A、B、E200911人力2级-理论知识69B、C、D、E200911人力2级-理论知识7B、D200911人力2级-理论知识71A、B、E200911人力2级-理论知识72A、C、E200911人力2级-理论知识73A、B、C、D200911人力2级-理论知识74A、B、C、E200911人力2级-理论知识75A、C、E200911人力2级-理论知识76A、C、D、E200911人力2级-理论知识77B、C、D、E200911人力2级-理论知识78A、B、C、D200911人力2级-理论知识79A、C、D200911人力2级-理论知识8A、B、C、E200911人力2级-理论知识81B、D200911人力2级-理论知识82A、B、C、E200911人力2级-理论知识83A、B、C、D200911人力2级-理论知识84B、D、E200911人力2级-理论知识85B、C、D200911人力2级-理论知识86A、C、D200911人力2级-理8A、B、C、论知识7E200911人力2级-理论知识88B、D200911人力2级-理论知识89A、B、C、D、E200911人力2级-理论知识9B、D200911人力2级-理论知识91A、C、E200911人力2级-理论知识92B、C、D、E200911人力2级-理论知识93A、B、C、E200911人力2级-理论知识94A、B200911人力2级-理论知识95C、D、E200911人力2级-理论知识96B、C、D、E200911人力2级-理论知识97A、C、E200911人力2级-理论知识98A、B、C、D200911人力2级-理论知识99B、D200911人力2级-理论知识100B、C、D、E一、简答题(本题共3题,第1小题16分,第2小题15分,第3小题15分,共46分)1、评分标准:P86企业实施员工素质测评的具体步骤和程序:(1)准备阶段①收集必要的资料;(1分)②组织强有力的测评小组;(1分)③制定测评方案。
2009年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试国际商务英语
2009年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试国际商务英语试题课程代码:05844Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese (10%)1. copyright2. per capita income3. non-discrimination principle4. broker5. exchange rate6. deferred payment7. common carrier8. contracting parties9. validity period10. ad valorem dutyⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English(10%)11. 比较利益(优势)12. 跨国公司13. 专业化14. 金融市场15. 循环信用证16. 空运提单17. 有价证券18. 间接标价19. 有形贸易20. 发票Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right (10%)21. firm offer a. a subsidiary company controlled by another22. shipping marks b. all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade otherthan tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.23. affiliate c. capacity that can move or be moved easily andquickly fromplace to place24. insurance policy d. of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods andservices25. reimburse e. large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road,rail and radio communications, etc. needed to support economicactivity, esp. industry, trade and commerce26. infrastructure f. pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent27. protectionism g. the theory of the system of developing home industries throughduties and other means imposed on competitive imports28. mobility h. an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offerer29. non-tariff barrier i. what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol foridentification in the course of transportation30. purchasing power j. a document used for covering possible risksⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms in English (10%)31. clean credit32. offeree33. intellectual property34. joint venture35. gold reservesⅤ. Answer the following questions in English(20%)36. What are the 3 major functions of bill of lading?37. Explain briefly the following terms: applicant; opening bank; beneficiary; advising bank; confirming bank.38. What are the advantages of counter trade?39. What is documentary collection? Point out the different types of it.Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese (10%)40. The transferable credit is designed to meet the requirements of international trade. It enables a middleman who is receiving payment from a buyer under a documentary credit to transfer his claim under that credit to his own supplier. In this way he can carry out transactions with only a limited outlay of his own funds.A transferable credit may only be transferred once. The second beneficiary may not further transfer it unless there is an express provision to this effect in the original credit. This limit on transferability is intended to prevent abuse.41. A contract is an agreement by which two parties mutually promise to buy or sell some products. In practice, some informal contracts may be reached orally. This is understandable, but may lead to unfortunate consequences. A reasonable exporter should at least insist on strict observance of the legal requirements in case of orders that are not routine transactions. When the goods ordered represent a considerable value, a formal contract embodying all terms of the agreement should be prepared in duplicate; each copy should be signed by both parties, and each party should retain a copy of the contract.Ⅶ. Translate the following into English(30%)42. 尽管中国取得了很大的成就,但仍然面临巨大的挑战。
外经贸从业人员考试国际商务秘书实务真题2009年5月_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
外经贸从业人员考试国际商务秘书实务真题2009年5月(总分100, 做题时间120分钟)一、单项选择题。
在下列每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确的答案,并将其字母标号填入题干的括号内,错选、多选、未选均无分。
(每小题1分,共30分)1.国际商务秘书工作的辅助性特征可以从()去认识。
SSS_SINGLE_SELA 服务性B 中介性C 综合性D 机要性该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A2.()属于国际商务秘书知识结构中基础知识。
SSS_SINGLE_SELA 心理学B 历史C 社会学D 速记该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B3.一字步的步长标准:每一步为自己的()个脚长。
SSS_SINGLE_SELA 4B 3C 2D 1该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D4.以下关于目光的描述错误的是()。
SSS_SINGLE_SELA 关注所有人B 社交场合注视的位置以两眼为上限C 与人交谈时视线接触对方脸部的时间不得大于全部时间的50%D 不要回避对方的目光该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C5.()致意适用于长辈、领导或会议等人较多的场合。
SSS_SINGLE_SELA 欠身B 点头C 举手D 微笑该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A6.关于办公管理程序的特征描述正确的是()。
SSS_SINGLE_SELA 办公管理程序一成不变B 办公管理程序由实施该程序的部门秘书或人员来制定C 办公管理程序是强制性的D 给办公管理程序运用者裁量权不利于工作开展该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B7.()是第一代时间管理理论的特征。
SSS_SINGLE_SELA 强调规划和准备B 强调规划、制定优先顺序C 罗盘理论D 备忘录该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D8.电话沟通基本礼仪错误的是()。
SSS_SINGLE_SELA 铃声响过两声后接听电话B 确定来电身份姓氏C 大声回答问题D 注意表情该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C9.值班内容不包括()。
2009年1月中英合作人力资源管理(二)试题
2009年1月高等教育自学考试中英合作商务管理专业考试人力资源管理(二)试卷(课程代码:00810)一、单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)1、在招聘过程中使用的文件是()A、工作描述B、绩效评价表C、工资单D、缺勤记录2、纪律程序重要的原因是()A、法定的要求B、保证对员工的公平性和一致性C、确保合同条款是有效的D、使矛盾冲突最小化3、确保工作环境不会对员工个人造成伤害的是()A、健康和安全B、信息技术培训C、数据保护D、招聘面试4、在进行PEST分析时,属于社会因素的是()A、出口关税B、出生率下降C、信息沟通技术的发展D、就业法规的变化5、工作分析是指()A、处理纪律问题的程序B、评价绩效的程序C、确定工作职责和所需技能的程序D、评估培训的程序6、由外聘教师在教室里进行的培训是()A、内部培训B、电子学习C、在职指导D、正式培训7、在工作场所有利于业绩管理的是()A、团队工作B、报酬体系C、评价D、激励8、哈尼和芒福德所推崇的一种学习风格是()A、教育家B、政治家C、发明者D、反思者9、员工激励报酬体系的一种具体形式是()A、按结果支付报酬B、月工资C、周工资D、日工资10、一种得到广泛认可的招聘技术是()A、校园招聘B、评价C、培训课程D、工作分析11、TNA代表的是()A、对非申请人进行培训B、必要的代理机构更换C、培训需求分许D、不被认可的技术12、养老金、病假工资和健康医疗都属于()A、培训与开发B、员工福利C、最佳实践D、报酬体系13、雇员关系的一种方法是()A、多元论者B、多样的C、心理的D、文化的14、良好的雇员关系之所以必要是因为()A、可以控制工资水平B、可以评价新技能的需求C、可以开发员工D、可以提供一种解决冲突的机制15、企业内部局域网可以定义为()A、一种与员工共享信息的计算机网络B、一种与供应商共享信息的计算机网络C、一种与销售商共享信息的计算机网络D、一种与顾客共享信息的计算机网络16、在工作场所向其他人学习的缺点是()A、有费用B、方便C、可能会学到坏习惯D、证书17、对于企业而言,绩效评价的益处是()A、识别潜力B、提供反馈C、打消疑虑D、限制工资18、有利于维护顾客服务水平的是()A、绩效评价B、绩效控制C、绩效标准D、绩效评定19、优秀人才管理有时特指()A、员工保留B、员工开发C、员工招聘D、员工甄选20、公开和诚实地对待顾客和员工的行为又被视为一种()A、商业政策B、商业实践C、商业责任D、商业道德仔细阅读案例并回答第二、第三题。
09年12月国际商务英语等级考试(初级)试卷及答案
全国外经贸从业人员考试国际商务英语等级考试(初级)试卷2009年12月Ⅰ.Listening: 20%(听力,20分)Section ADirections: Listen to the following dialogue and fill in the blanks with word or words you have heard. This section accounts for 10 points.Steve: I’m glad to see that you have some new products. They are very . I hope we can do together as your products are in our country.Li: Thank you! I’m so glad to hear that. And would you tell me which of the refrigerators you are interested in?Steve: Sure. Here is our list. You’ll find the required items, specifications and all there. Now, I’d like to have your lowest quotations, CIF New York.Li: Thank you for your inquiry, Mr. Steve. Here is our latest FOB price list. All the prices in the list are subject to our final .Steve: Good. I will look into the price list and it with my colleagues. We can have further later.Section BDirections: A word is missing in every sentence, listen to the words on the tape and write the correct form in the blank.This section accounts for 10 points.1. Phil doesn’t drive with .2. When Phil drives, Ron isn’t .3. Tom’s spelling isn’t .4. Phil made the for him.5. Tom’s was at 5:05 p.m.6. Driver training is necessary.7. is better than money.8. Mr. Stevenson gets his tools.9. When will he ?10. your answers.Ⅱ.Put the following Chinese into English: 14%(中译英,14分)1.商会(1分)2.首次询盘(1分)3.数量折扣(1分)4.交货条件(1分)5.出口单证(1分)6.保险费(1分)7.拼箱货(1分)8.海运(1分)9.很高兴告诉你方,你方寻购的所有商品均可供现货。
09年5月国际商务英语等级考试(初级)试卷及答案
全国外经贸从业人员认证考试国际商务英语等级考试(初级)试卷2009年5月Ⅰ.Listening: 20%(听力,20分)Section ADirection: Listen to the following dialogue and fill in the blanks with word or words you have heard. This section accounts for 5 points.A: Good afternoon. Shenyue Restaurant. Can I help you?B: Y es, I’d like to__________________ for tomorrow, please.A: Certainly. At what time, sir?B: _______ O’clock in the afternoon.A: For how many people, sir?B: There’ll be ________ of usA: Ok. A table for ________ people tomorrow afternoon at ______ o’clock. Could I have your name, please?B: Y es, it’s Gary Green.A: Mr. Green. We look ____________________ you tomorrow.B: Thank you very much. Bye.Section BDirections: Listen to the tape and translate the sentences into Chinese. This section accounts for 10 points.国际商务英语等级考试(初级)试卷第 1 页(共13页)1.2.3.4.5.Section C:Directions:Listen to each statement, and then write “early”, “late”, or “on time” in the blank. This section totals accounts for 5 points.1. She was ________________________.2. He was _________________________.3. He was _____________________ ___.4. She was ________________________.5. He was _________________________.共14分)1.行业杂志(1分)2.广告(1分)3.保兑的、不可撤销的信用证(1分)4.现金折扣(1分)国际商务英语等级考试(初级)试卷第 2 页(共13页)5.佣金(1分)6.短装(1分)7.发票金额(1分)8.运输标志(1分)9.如果这批商品到货后销路好的话,我们会向你方续订的。
2008—2009年第二学期期末考试试卷(A卷)
广东外语外贸大学国际经济贸易学院《国际贸易》2008—2009年第二学期期末考试试卷(A卷)07级电子商务专业使用时间:2小时班级姓名学号成绩Ⅰ. Please explain the following definitions.(5 for each, totally 20)1. H-O Theorem2. Factor Intensity3. Rybczynshi theorem4. Optimum TariffⅡ. Please choose the correct answer by circling.(2 for each, totally 10)1.Members remove trade barriers among themselves, but keep their separatenational barriers against trade with the outside world. We call this kind of Economic Integration as:A. Free Trade AreaB. Customs UnionC. Common MarketD. Full Economic Union2.The terms-of-trade argument for protection maintains that national welfare can beenhanced through a restrictive trade policy instrument. It should also be emphasized that only type of country that can employ the terms-of-trade argument with any success is:A. a small countryB. a large countryC. a developing countryD. a developed country3.An important feature of the Product Cycle Model is the proportion that the factorproportions to produce a product will change in a systematic way as the product move through its life cycle. In the innovation stage, production is:A. skill-intensiveB. capital-intensiveC. labor-intensiveD. resource-intensive4.According to the Theory of Customs Union, the welfare loss from a customsunion, we call it:A. trade creationB. trade diversionC. producer surplusD. consumer surplus5.There is incomplete specialization in production in 2 nations model under:A. increasing opportunity costsB. decreasing opportunity costsC. constant opportunity costsD. unchanging opportunity costsⅢ. Illustrate and Explain.(10 for each, totally 20. Please choose 2 of the following)1. Immiserizing Growth and the conditions make it occur.2. If ,y x A B x y A BL L r r K K w w 〈〉, L=labor, K=capital, r=interest rate, w=wage rate, A and B means the 2 nations in the world market. Please use PP curve and Indifference curve to illustrate and explain the H-O Model.3. The Effects of an Import Quota under Monopolist Conditions.Ⅳ. Calculation.(10 for each, totally 20.)1. Without international trade, market price in China for car is RMB200,000.00/piece. Under this price, demand for car is 100,000,0 pieces. Under opened market, China has car business with USA. Price in international market for car is RMB150,000.00/piece. Under this price, China produces 600,000 pieces domestically, imports 600,000 pieces from USA. From closed market to opened market, please calculate in China:(1) the gain or loss to the producer;(2) the gain or loss to the customer;(3) the gain or loss to the nation2. If China charges 80% import duty on car, 50% on the engine and 30% on the steel, the total value of the car is USD100,000.00, the value of engine is USD300,00.00, the value of steel is USD500,00.00. Please calculate the Effective tariff rate on the car.Ⅴ. Briefly answering the follow question.(10 for each, totally 10. Please choose one of the follows)1. What is meant by the Leontief Paradox? What are some possible explanations of the Paradox?2. What is meant by Customs Union? What dynamic benefits are the nations forming a customs union likely to receive?Ⅵ. Answer the following question in details.(totally 20)1. To overcome the present serious economic decrease in the world, what kind of trade policy would be helpful?。
09年12月国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷及答案免费版
阅读使人充实,会谈使人敏捷,写作使人精确。
——培根免费使用下载知识共享学问是异常珍贵的东西,从任何源泉吸收都不可耻。
——阿卜·日·法拉兹阅读使人充实,会谈使人敏捷,写作使人精确。
——培根学问是异常珍贵的东西,从任何源泉吸收都不可耻。
——阿卜·日·法拉兹全国外经贸从业人员考试国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷2009年12月题目序号Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ 总分 核分人 应得分数20 40 20 20 100 实际得分Ⅰ.Listening: 20%(听力,20分)Section ADirections: “ alike ” and “different ”Listen to the descriptions, and then listen to each question. Circle around “yes ” or “no ”. Thissection totals five points.1. yes no2. yes no3. yes no4. yes no5. yes noSection BDirections: Here is part of the dialogue between Mr. Charles Wright and Tom Yang, listen to the tape and fill in the blanks with the words you have just heard. This section totals 10points.得分 评卷人 复核人阅读使人充实,会谈使人敏捷,写作使人精确。
——培根Wright: Well, Mr. Tom, what do you think of our (1)? Yang:Quite (2), Charley. I enjoyed having a look. Yang:Good. Tom, what do you think? Do you have an idea of what(3)youwant to order?Yang:Charley, if the (4)is right, we’re prepared to order (5)of each model. Wright: I know you’ll be (6)that you came to Quality Machine Tools. Like our name sys, our machine tools are of the highest(7). Tom, l think if you look into the(8), you’ll find that our prices compare(9).Yang: I’m afraid that l can’t agree with you, Charley. l have looked into the market.Although your machines are of high quality, your prices are much too high. Like that I said, a 5% (10)in price would make it moreacceptable.Section C:Directions:Listen to the tape and translate the sentences into Chinese. This section totals fivepoints.1. .2. .3. .学问是异常珍贵的东西,从任何源泉吸收都不可耻。
2009年管理类联考英语真题及答案
绝密★启用前2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语试卷考生需知1.选择题的答案需用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上,其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。
2.其它题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答,凡做在试卷上或未做在制定位置的答案无效。
3.交卷时,请配合监考人员验收,并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字(作为考生交卷的凭据)。
否则,所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
Section I Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.1. The poor lady was too______ and distressed to talk about the tragedy.energeticignorant D.exhausted C.engaged B.A.2. At first______ , the famous painting doesn't impress the audience at all.D.viewA.stareC.glance B.gaze3. Delegates agree to the plan in______ , but there were some details they didn't approve.natureprinciple D.theory C.discipline B.A.4. I took the medicine 10minutes ago, but the bitterness is still______ in my mouth.lingeringfelling C.maintaining D.A.scattering B.5. Since the______ of human history, human beings have been asking questions like "What is the essence of life."twinkle D.DawnC.A.duskB.dust6. The eldest son ______ all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 50th wedding anniversary of their parents.renderedassembled D.A.Clustered B.resembled C.7. I must leave now. ______ , if you want that book I'LL bring it you tomorrow.D.OccasionallySubsequently AccidentallyA.B.Incidentally C.8. My mother is a light sleeper, ______ to any sound even as low as the humming of mosquito.D.immuneA.keenacute C.alertB.9. The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and ______ workers.conscientiousconfidential D.A.conscious C.consistent B.10. As an outstanding scholar, he has become______ to the research team.junior C. indispensable D. independent senior B.A.11. Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40people, ______ in their village, were rescued.enclosed D.captured trapped B.A.confined C.12. Working far away from home, Jerry had to______ from downtown to his office everyday.motionramble D.A.wanders B.commute C.13. The finance minister has not been so ______ since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.preferablefavorable C.popular D.A.famous B.14. It is unimaginable for someone in such a high ______ in the government to behave so badly in public.profession D.appointmentposition C.A.situation B.15. Information given to employees must be ______, clear and in easy-to-follow language.constant D.concisecontinuous C.A.convenient B.16. John was very upset because he was ______ by the police with breaking the law.accused D.chargedarrested C.A.sentenced B.17. David likes country life and has decided ______ farming.A. go in forB. go back onC. go along withD. go through with18. Jennifer has never really______ her son's death. It's very hard to accept the face that she'll never have a child.A. come to terms withB. come up againstC. come out withD. come down to19. A national debate is now ______ about whether we should replace golden weeks with paid Vacations.A. in the wayB. by the wayC. under wayD. out of the way20. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people and asks them questions.A. at easeB. at randomC. in essenceD. in sumSection ⅡCloze (10 points)Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A,B, C, and D. Choose the best one and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had __21__ the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge __22__ from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread __23__ in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria's deltaregion.Triple-digit oil prices have __24__ the economic and political map of the world, __25__ some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, __26__ majorimporters—including China and India, home to a third of the world's population -- __27__ rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central __28__ of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to __29__ scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, __30__ how unpleasant, to do it.In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being, lost to corruption, __31__ these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, __32__ some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil __33__ , a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, __34__ costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. __35__ it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia __36__ 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose __37__ higher in the spring of 2008, the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama __38__ for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to__39__ , as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems __40__ the country reported a sharp increase in riders.C.crossed D.gonearrived come B.21.A.arranged D.rangeddiscovered C.covered B.A.22.infinity C.instabilityinsecurity D.intensity B.23.A.retained D.reviewedredrawn C.A.24.drawn B.25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threateningD.though26.thuswhile C.A.and B.conform D.confrontconflict C.A.confine B.27.matter D.eventquestion C.A.28.problem B.29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminatingwhich D.whomthat C.A.32.what B.revenues33.taxes C.incomes D.interests B.A.34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well asSince D.AsBecause C.A.35.B.Althoughreduces D.B.multipliedgrew C.36.A.advancedstill C.rather D.B.fairlyeven37.A.calling D.demandingrequesting C.asking B.A.38.shift D.turn C.transform39.change B.A.C.overfromacross D.40.A.for B.Section III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil. Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Henric Ibsen, author of the play "A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience, "be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected asmany as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors."Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norway's chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to .A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44. The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her (Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. "There are just too many cool things to do and plan and live for."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include usingtime-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tellthe important people in your illness. "people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?Children.A.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed by Machiavelli,lies at the heart of Joseph Nye's new book. .Mr. Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and one-time chairman of America's National Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of "soft power", based on persuasion and influence, as a counterpoint to "hard power", based on coercion(强迫) and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books, Mr. Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership, in both the political and business spheres .Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved." In short, hard power is preferable to soft power. But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing, the observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modem companies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制) are being undermined, making soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion. Mr. Nye argues. Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead, his survey of the theory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls” smart power, is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the “transformational leadership pattern. Anone allergic(反感) to management term will already be running for the exit, but Mr. Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume. He examines different approaches to leadership, the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effectiveness of a particular leader. There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, both historical and contemporary, political and corporate.Also, leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, even Mr. Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall. He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadership in particular, the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions. A resuming theme is that as circumstances change, different sorts of leaders are required; a leader who thrives in oneenvironment may struggle in another, and vice versa. Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no easy answers.51. From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr. Machiavelli's idea of hard power is ______.A. well accepted by Joseph NyeB. very influential till nowadaysC. based on sound theoriesD. contrary to that of modem leadership theorists52. Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr. Nye?A. Coercion is widespread.B. Morality is devalued.C. Power is no longer concentrated.D. Traditional hierarchies are strengthened53. In his book the Powers to lead, Mr. Nye has ermined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT _____.approaches D.moralitycontext C.A.authorityB.54. Mr. Nye's book is particularly valuable in that it _____.A. makes little use of management termsB. summarizes various studies conciselyC. serves as an exit for leadership researchersD. sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders55. According to the author, the most interesting part of Mr. Nye's book lies in his ____.A. view of changeable leadershipB. definition of good leadershipC. summary of leadership historyD. discussion of moral leadershipQuestions 56 to 60are based on the following passage:Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulges in a bit of flag—when the job isdone, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge: global warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before."56. What does the passage mainly discuss?Economiccrisis.B.HumanA.wars.C. America's environmental policies.D. Global environment in general.57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is__________.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond people's imaginationD. a less significant issue58. Judging from the context, the word "rub"(Line 1, Para.3) probably means_______.problemconflict D.contradiction C.A.friction B.59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming?Indifferent C. Supportive D. CompromisingA.Critical B.60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal with___________.A. the new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against global warmingC. the harmful effects of global warmingD. how America can tide over economic crisisSection ⅣTranslation (20 points)Directions:In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.With the nation’s financial system teetering ( 蹒跚) on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization (证券化) to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenue’s, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.Section V Writing (20%)Directions : It is known that text message(手机短信)has both advantages and disadvantages. Some people think it is a blessing, while others regard it as a hell. In this section, you are asked to write an essay on text messaging. You can take either stand and provide specific reasons and examples tosupport your idea. You should write at ast 150 words on ANSWER SHEET.2009 年工商管理硕士专业学位研究生入学全国联考英语试题参考答案Section ⅠVocabulary1. B2. A3. C4. D5. D6. C7. B8. A9. D 10. C11. A 12. B 1 3. C 14. B 15. D 16. D 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. BSection ⅡCloze21-25 CDDBC 26-30 BDCBA 31-35 BCDDA 36-40 BACACSection ⅢReading Comprehension41-45 DBAAC 46-50 DCBBC 51-55 DCABD 5 6-60 CADABSection ⅣTranslation由于国家金融体制动荡不已,情况堪虞,一些大银行和金融机构中的高层的补偿金计划再次成为审视对象。
2009年6月全国国际商务单证员考试国际商务理论与知识考试真题答案与解析
2009年6月全国国际商务单证员考试国际商务理论与知识考试试题解析一、单项选择题1、应选C。
因为市场变动剧烈因此不可能存在有效期时间长的发盘。
2、应选D。
又称(ShippingMark)唛头又称运输标志包括收货人名称的英文缩写、参照号、目的地、件号等,有的还包括原产地、合同号、体积与重量。
其作用是便于装卸、运输、储存过程中识别,防止错发错运。
因些装运港不是其包含内容。
3、应选A。
该题为报检知识,如果产地与报关地不一致出具B或C。
其中出境货物换证凭条为电子报检项下的。
4、应选C。
一般出境货物在报关前或装运前7天报检,需隔离检疫的动物,出境前60天预报检,隔离前7天报检。
5、应选A。
要足够的细心,本题说的是出口报检所以报检单就必须,而根据结汇的方式不同,因此信用证不是必须文件。
6、应选A。
7、应选B。
外贸企业制单之后,为保证一次性成功议付,在向银行交单前,应先行严审单据。
审单时采用纵横审单法:即先将信用证从头到尾阅读一遍,每涉及到一种单据,立即与那种单据核对。
以达到“单证一致”(横审);横审完毕后,再以发票为中心,与其他单据挨个核对,特别注意各单据签发日期的合理性及共有项目的一致性,确保“单单一致”(纵审)。
审核过程中,每发现一个不符点,应立即记录在审单记录表上,并在记录文字后写上“改”、“加”、“补”字。
待改妥单据后,在这些字上划圈表示不再有此不符点。
当全部字划圈后,单据完全改妥相符才可交单议付。
8、应选B。
制单基本要求中的正确至少包括两个方面的内容:一方面是要求各种单据必须做到“三相符”。
(即:单据与信用证相符、单据与单据相符、单据与贸易合同相符);另一方面则要求各种单据必须符合有关国际惯例和进口国的法令要求和规定。
和单货相符。
9、应选B。
应该按信用证和合同的价格条款。
10、应选B。
90天。
11、应选为D。
将ABC作为发票的抬头人。
12、应选为C。
注意是CNY而不是RMB。
13、应选为D。
是含折扣价,CIFC中的C是英文(commission折扣的意思)。
2009年05月国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷及答案
全国外经贸从业人员认证考试国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷2009年5月Ⅰ.Listening: 20%(听力,20分)Section ADirections:Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks according to the dialogue. This section totals 10 points.Steve: I’m glad to see that you have (1)some new products.They are very (2). I hope we can do (3)together as your products are (4)in our country.Li:Thank you! I’m so glad to hear that. And would you tell me which (5)of the refrigerators you are interested in?Steve: Sure. Here is our(6). You’ll find the required items, specifications and (7)all there. Now, I’d like to have your lowest quotations, CIF New York.Li:Thank you for your inquiry, Mr. Steve. Here is our latest FOB price list. All the prices in the list are subject to our final(8).Steve: Good. I will look into the price list and (9)it with my colleagues. We can have further (10)later.Section BDirections: Listen to the short statements, read the answer choices and decide which one is国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷第1 页(共13页)closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. This section totals 10 points. ()1. A. Why are there so many people at the cinema?B. Have you been to this cinema before?C. This movie is really very popular.D. I was glad to see you at the cinema.()2. A. Jessica has only been here for a year.B. Jessica has been here the longest.C. Jessica has been alone for a year.D. Jessica felt homesick as she has been here for a year.()3. A. I’ll feel disappointed if you can’t come.B. I thought you would came.C. Anyway you came.D. I didn’t know what to expect.()4. A. He is probably a part-time student.B. He never goes to the English class at night.C. The English course is only available at night.D. He always goes to school alone.() 5. A. His apartment is not far from the subway station.B. The subway station is made up of stone.C. His apartment is quite far from the subway station.D. He threw a stone at the subway station.国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷第2 页(共13页)Section ADirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then write down the right answer in the brackets for each sentence. This section totals 10 points, one point for each sentence.()1 Customers have become less loyal to brands and are more willing to to lower-priced coffee products.A. trade inB. trade forC. trade upD. trade down ()2 Toyworld is a profitable toy retailer in Seattle, US, with subsidiaries in over 30 countries.A. basingB. baseC. basisD. based()3 We have Julian Montero, the Argentine supplier of the wine we are importing.A. touchedB. contactedC. linkedD. contacted with ()4 Bob and Tony are business and have arranged to meet at the sales conference.A.delegatesB.customersC. associatesD.officers()5 Telecommunication companies belong to the tertiary of industry.A.sectionB.sectorC.areaD.part()6 Our products are of better quality than from other countries.A. thisB. thatC. thoseD. it()7 The price of the catalogue is against your first order.A.removableB.replaceableC. rechargeableD.refundable ()8 An L/C should be established in our favor by documentary draft at sixty days’ sight.A. availableB. honorableC. payingD. paid()9 We would like to take this opportunity to write to you the hopeof establishing business relations with you.国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷第3 页(共13页)A. atB. forC. withD. in()10 The goods are packed in cartons innerlined with material.A. water-provedB. water-protectedC. water-proofD. water-tight Section BDirections: There are ten blanks in the following passage. You are required to choose the best one from the given four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then write down the correct answer in the brackets. This section totals 10 points, one point for each blank.Before marketing yourself globally, it is important to 1 your business is ready to deal with challenges presented by the international environment 2 language and cultural barriers, foreign laws, order fulfillment, and pre/post sales support.Language and Culture - Neither technical accuracy 3 perfect translation is sufficient when considering the language you will communicate through. It is important to really understand how a language is used by the people in your 4 market.Regional Laws- All phases of product 5 are affected by regulations. The product itself, such as its physical and chemical aspects, is subject to laws 6to protect consumers with respect to purity, safety or performance. Product features such as packaging and warranties, advertising, sales promotion techniques are also subject to local regulations.Order Fulfillment - How will you deliver your products? What business partners will you need to ensure smooth logistics of your product? Can you handle your shipment costs? If you cannot 7 demand or ensure smooth delivery of your product, you are at risk of negatively affecting your business and its image. It is important to find and qualify 8 distributors, and pay particular attention to contract negotiation and distribution management.Pre and Post Sales Support- 9 with your customers as well as your business partners is an important consideration when marketing and selling internationally. Many businesses are able to meet customer expectations through strategic alliances or foreign distributors who deal with the local customer base on their 10 .()1 A. ensure B. assure C. reassure D. sure()2 A. excluding B. excluded C. including D. included()3 A. so B. nor C. and D. or国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷第4 页(共13页)()4 A. local B. own C. target D. home()5 A. sales B. exhibition C. promotion D. development ()6 A. planned B. proposed C. supposed D. designed()7 A. meet B. run into C. encounter D. face()8 A. potent B. polite C. ethical D. potential()9 A. Connection B. Communication C. Link D. Contact()10 A. account B. part C. behalf D. market Section CDirections: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then write down the correct answer in the brackets for each question or statement. This section totals 20 points, two points for each question.Passage OneInvesting thousands of pounds in the recruitment and training of each new graduate recruit may be just the beginning. Choosing the wrong candidate may leave an organisation paying for years to come.Few companies will have escaped all of the following failures: people who panic at the first sight of stress; those with long impressive qualifications who seem incapable of learning; hypochondriacs whose absentee record becomes astonishing; and the unstable person later discovered to be a thief or worse.Less dramatic, but just as much a problem, is the person who simply does not come up to expectations, who does not quite deliver; who never becomes a high-flier or even a steady performer; the employee with a fine future behind them.The first point to bear in mind at the recruitment stage is that people don’t change. Intelligence levels decline modestly, but change little over their working life. The same is true of abilities, such as learning languages and handling numbers.Most people like to think that personality can change, particularly the more negative features such as anxiety, low esteem, impulsiveness or a lack of emotional warmth. But data collected over 50 years gives a clear message: still stable after all these years. Extroverts国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷第5 页(共13页)become slightly less extroverted; the acutely shy appear a little less so, but the fundamentals remain much the same. Personal crises can affect the way we cope with things: we might take up or drop drink, drugs, religion or relaxation techniques, which can be have pretty dramatic effects. Skills can be improved, and new ones introduced, but at rather different rates. People can be groomed for a job. Just as politicians are carefully repackaged through dress, hairstyle and speech specialists, so people can be sent on training courses, diplomas or experimental weekends. But there is a cost to all this which may be more than the price of the course. Better to select for what you actually see rather than attempt to change it.()1. The purpose of this passage is to give managers the advice that .A. Employers should select candidates for their potential.B. Employers should select candidates for what they are rather than for theirpotential.C. Employers should select the newly graduated and send them on trainingcourses, diplomas or experimental weekends.D. Employers should select experienced candidates to avoid spending thousandsof pounds in training.()2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? .A. Absolutely, People don’t change during their working lives.B. Generally, people change to a large extent during their working lives.C. Fundamentally, people stay the same during their working lives.D. Normally, people don’t change at all during their working lives.()3. What does a fine future behind them (line 3 of paragraph 3) means? .A. Some people will certainly have a promising future though they are not verycompetent in their present work.B. Some people don’t have any potential for their work though they are employed.C. Some people can have a bright future though they can’t do their work well.D. Some people have potential when they are employed, but never realize thatpotential.()4. According to the passage, people’s basic abilities like language learning and numeracy .国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷第6 页(共13页)A. change little over their working life.B. never change over their working life.C. change fundamentally over their working life.D. change profoundly over their working life.()5. The word deliver (line 2 of paragraph 3) means .A. to take goods to the places or people they are addressed toB. to give a speechC. to do what you promised to doD. to help a woman to give birth to a baby.Passage TwoAsian economies will continue to expand rapidly in the next two years on the back of foreign investments, exports and domestic demand, but will not be free of worries, according to a recent securities company economic report. Massive infrastructure spending, the benefits of past investments and deregulation and growing regional trade will push along regional growth.The report tipped China’s gross domestic product to grow by 9.5 per cent in 1996 and 10.5 per cent in 1997, and Hong Kong’s to grow by 4.3 and 5.0 per cent. Singapore’s real GDP was forecast to grow by 7.6 and 7.4 per cent, Malaysia’s by 8.6 and 8.1 per cent, Thailand’s by 8.8 and 8.4 per cent, Indonesia’s by 7.3 and 7.1 per cent and Philippines’ by 5.6 and 5.8 per cent.“However, all is not rosy,” cautioned the report, which listed overheating as the region’s biggest challenge in the short term and skilled-labor shortages in the long run.It cited strains from rapid growth that had begun to stretch current account deficits and spur inflation in some regional economies, which could prevent their central banks from lowering interest rates.“This implies that economic vulnerability to unexpected shocks will remain high,” the report said, forecasting a further tightening of monetary policy in countries such as the Philippines and Malaysia, and no significant easing in Thailand, Indonesia and China. Crosby Securities also cited massive new investment programs generated by demands on infrastructure such as power, telecommunications and transport which had fuelled国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷第7 页(共13页)over-heating.It said Asia would also face a bigger challenge from newly deregulating economies in Eastern Europe which offered lower costs and better-educated workers to foreign investors.Asia’s main foreign investors should, however, continue to expand their presence in the region, the securities house said, noting new trends of intra-Asian investment.Singapore is shifting its lower value-added disc drive and electronics industry to Malaysia, which in turn is moving some of its garment-making and consumer electronics manufacturing to Indonesia and Thailand. Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore are increasingly investing in Viet Nam, Myanmar and Laos.“Asia will benefit from this trend in several ways,” the report said.()6 Asia economy will continue to grow because of _____________.A. foreign investmentB. demands in Asian countries.C. exportD. all of the above()7 In the next 2 years, the highest economic growth will appear in ____________.A. SingaporeB. ThailandC. Hong KongD. China()8 Years later, the problem in Asian economy may be _________________.A. too little investmentB. too much investmentC. not enough qualified laborsD. monetary instability()9 According to this report, economic changes in East Europe are ___________.A. harmfulB. challengingC. helpfulD. useless()10 The report is about the prospect of Asian economy.A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. more optimistic than pessimisticD. more pessimistic than optimisticIII.Business Translation: 20%(商务翻译,20分)国际商务英语等级考试(中级)试卷第8 页(共13页)Section ADirections: There are ten terms in this section. Translate the English terms or phrases into Chinese and the Chinese terms or phrases into English. Then write down the translation on the paper. This section totals 10 points, one point for each term.1 particular average2 gunny bag3 Through B/L4 profit margin5 days of grace6 行业刊物7 预定金 8 空白背书9 往来行 10 不可抗力Section BDirections: Translate the following five Chinese sentences into English. Then write down the translation on the paper. This part totals 10 points, two points for each sentence.1我方将与银行作出安排开立保兑的、不可撤销的信用证。
国际商业文化期末考试试题
国际商业文化期末考试试题# 国际商业文化期末考试试题## 一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 国际商务中,以下哪项不是文化差异的表现?A. 语言差异B. 价值观差异C. 饮食习惯D. 技术标准2. 跨文化沟通中,以下哪种行为可能被视为不礼貌?A. 直接表达观点B. 避免眼神交流C. 准时参加会议D. 尊重对方的文化习俗3. 在国际商务谈判中,以下哪种策略是有效的?A. 坚持己见,不妥协B. 了解对方文化背景C. 忽视文化差异D. 只关注自己的利益4. 以下哪个国家在商务场合中,赠送礼物是常见的?A. 美国B. 法国C. 日本D. 德国5. 国际商务中,以下哪种行为可能被认为是不专业的?A. 穿着得体B. 保持手机静音C. 会议中频繁查看手机D. 准时到达会议## 二、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1. 简述国际商务中文化适应性的重要性。
2. 描述在不同文化背景下,商务礼仪的差异性。
3. 解释什么是“霍夫斯泰德的文化维度理论”,并给出至少两个维度的例子。
## 三、案例分析题(每题25分,共50分)1. 假设你是一家跨国公司的市场部经理,公司计划进入中国市场。
请根据中国文化特点,分析并提出你的市场进入策略。
2. 你作为一家国际公司的人力资源经理,需要招聘一名来自不同文化背景的员工。
请描述你在招聘过程中会考虑哪些因素,以确保团队的多样性和包容性。
## 四、论述题(共30分)请论述在全球化背景下,企业如何通过理解和适应不同文化来提高其国际竞争力。
## 五、附加题(10分)在国际商务中,你认为哪些因素会影响跨文化团队的合作效率?请列举至少三个因素,并简要解释。
请注意:本试题旨在考察学生对国际商业文化的理解与应用能力,答题时应结合实际案例和理论知识,确保答案的准确性和深度。
同济大学商务英语试卷FinalTestA.doc08.1
同济大学课程考核试卷(A 卷)卷)2007 — 2008 学年第学年第 1 学期学期命题教师签名:命题教师签名: 审核教师签名:审核教师签名:课号:课号: 112149 课名:商务英语课名:商务英语 考试考查:考试考试考查:考试 此卷选为:期中考试( )、期终考试( * )、重考( )试卷试卷年级年级 专业专业 学号学号 姓名姓名 得分得分题项题项 I II III VI V VI VII VIII IX X 得分得分INTERNA TIONAL BUSINESS CULTUREFINAL TEST (A) Teacher ‟s Name:____________ I: Explain the meaning of the following terms in English: ( 15% ) 1. collectivism: 2. proxemics: 3. reverse culture shock: 4. non-verbal communication: 5. stereotype: II. Decide the following statements true or false according to the textbook: ( 20% ) 1. Unlike what is in China, in western cultures, one‟s merit is seldom rated by his age, but his qualifications. 2. Unanimous agreement must be reached before a decision is made in Japanese enterprises. 3. The employees in high power-distance societies are not supposed to question the decisions made by the management; and they have to do whatever they are directed to. 4. If If a a a US US US manager manager manager intends intends intends to to to make make make the the the sense sense sense of of of responsibility responsibility responsibility work work work in in in a a a joint joint joint venture venture venture in in Russia, he should alter the workers‟ work ethic and attitude first.5. In In masculine masculine masculine societies societies societies people people people attach attach attach greater greater greater importance importance importance to to to the the the success success success of of of the the the company company where he works for. 6. When When in in in Rome Rome Rome do do do as as as Romans Romans Romans do. do. do. In In In cross-culture cross-culture cross-culture business, business, business, you you you are are are supposed supposed supposed to to to adapt adapt yourself and adopt the way of life of the locals. 7. The world believes it has got a right stereotype of Americans, -- materialistic, aggressive, violent, violent, superficial superficial superficial and and insincere. So business business can can can be be be conducted conducted conducted in in in the the the same same same manner manner manner and and pace wherever you are in the States. 8. It is advised that to avoid antagonism toward a foreign partner, one should try every means to please him so as to get better chance to achieve business goals. 9. If If a a company company wants wants wants to to to enter enter enter the the the global global global market, market, market, it it it should should should think think think and and and act act act more more more locally locally locally and and satisfy the local tastes , but the trouble is in this way, its product can‟t be considered a true world product. 10. The business culture of I taly, like that of France, follows the …Anglo -Saxon‟ model . . 11. Protocol develops from shared practices in a culture. 12. That That the the the people people people in in in Singapore Singapore Singapore adopt adopt adopt the the the English English English naming naming naming system system system during during during the the the international international travel is a sign that the city-country was once a colony of the Great Britain. 13. You can shake hands with a woman in an Islamic culture though physical contact between the sexes is limited.14. As in other cultures, everyone is equal before truth, we can safely say in Korea and Japan, everyone is equal before alcohol. 15. In Brazil, it is not a must for senior managers to wear ties to business events. 16. English already shares the languages curriculum in Europe so it is thought to be remarkable for being changed. 17. Americans take direct eye contact as a sign of honesty and sincerity, so do the French. 18. Corporate Corporate culture culture culture is is is the the the glue, glue, glue, that that that holds holds holds and and and organization organization organization together. together. together. It It It incorporates incorporates incorporates an an organization organization‟‟s values, its norms of behaviour, its policies and its procedures. 19. The most important influence on corporate culture is the national culture of the country in which the corporation is based. 20. The concept of …corporate citizenship‟ is defined as the responsibility a corporation has to employees, employees, shareholders, shareholders, shareholders, customers, customers, customers, suppliers suppliers suppliers and and the the community community community stake stake stake holders holders holders where where where it it conducts business and servers market. III. Reading Comprehension: ( 30% ) Passage One: For many Americans, Ellis Island is a holy ground, the entry point for the ancestors of more than than 100 100 100 million million million people, people, people, 40% 40% 40% of of of the the the country country country‟‟s s population. population. population. From From From 1892 1892 1892 to to to 1924, 1924, 1924, more more more than than than 12 12 million people entered the United States through Ellis Island. On one day (April 17, 1907) 11,747 immigrants were processed there. In the nation of well over a hundred ethnic groups, Ellis Island is the setting of America ‟s one one great great great unifying unifying unifying epic. epic. epic. While While While other other other countries countries countries have have have their their their own own own national national national legends, legends, legends, France France France has has has its its Chanson de Roland, Spain its El Cid – America has the myth of the Golden Door, through which the the ““huddled huddled masses masses masses yearning yearning yearning to to to breathe breathe breathe free,free,free,”” as as Emma Emma Emma Lazarus Lazarus Lazarus puts puts puts it, it, it, stepped stepped stepped and and and found found freedom and prosperity at last. Paradoxically, that myth is being rethought and rewritten just as the museum at Ellis Island – started in a burst of patriotic nostalgia – is about to be dedicated. The The image image image of of of the the the immigrant immigrant immigrant as as as poor, poor, poor, oppressed, oppressed, oppressed, and and and uprooted uprooted uprooted is is is giving giving giving way way way under under under the the weight of new scholarship. Most people who came to the New World during the peak immigration years years had had had at at at least least least the the the means means means to to to pay pay pay for for for the the the journey, journey, journey, and and and the the the stamina stamina stamina and and and health health health to to to withstand withstand withstand it. it. They came seeking better jobs more often than freedom. (Of course, many didn ‟t find freedom at all. Not only were blacks imported as slaves, but before 1780, 75 percent of all white immigrants who settled south of New England were indentured servants.) For the most part, the people who came willingly brought the structures of their old cultures with them and used their traditions to build lives there. Perhaps most startling of all, it has recently been shown that a third of all those who had come to America during the twentieth century have chosen to go home again – 10 million out of 30 million people. New New Y Y ork, meanwhile, is is once once again becoming a a city city city of of émigrémigrés. s. s. More More More and and and more more foreign-born people are settling here. By the year 2000, 56 percent of New York City ‟s population will be immigrants and their children. Dominicans are currently the biggest group, followed by Jamaicans and Chinese. At P.S. 22 in Queens, the students speak twenty languages. And in the New York City courts these days, there is a frequent demand for interpreters who know Wolof, a language spoken in West Africa and in New York by Senegalese street merchants. The The new new new immigrants immigrants immigrants have have have reversed reversed reversed the the the city city city‟‟s s declining declining declining population population population and and and are are are stemming stemming stemming the the decrease in the labor force. They are revitalizing dying neighborhoods, setting up shop in empty stores on Flatbush Avenue, bring the infinite variety of their cultures to the great mix that is the city. Even today, Guerino Salerni remembers the touch of his grandfather Luigi ‟s whiskers as he kissed him goodbye. When Salerni, now 84, talks about leaving for America is 1919 – when he was 14 – tears still come to his eyes. “It was the last time I saw him,” says Salerni. “He was quite a fellow.” Guerino Salerni came from a family of stonemasons(石匠) in a medieval hill town in the region of Abruzzi, east of Rome. As a boy, Salerni could build a home of stones in the fields and it would stand. Salerni Salerni‟‟s father had first come to the United States in 1896. He found work in construction, traveling back and forth between the U.S and Italy regularly, each time begetting a child. In 1918, Salerni Salerni‟‟s father decided it was time for the rest of the family to come. Like many immigrants, they traveled with a group from their village. There was Salerni ‟s stepmother (his mother had died), his sister, and a dozen ladies whose husbands had already journeyed ahead. Salerni Salerni hadn hadn hadn‟‟t t seen seen seen his his his father father father in in in five five five years, years, years, but but but as as as the the the ship ship ship docked docked docked near near near Ellis Ellis Ellis Island, Island, Island, he he spotted spotted him him him down down down below below below in in in a a a motorboat. motorboat. motorboat. ““Where Where‟‟s s Mama? Mama? Mama? Where Where Where‟‟s s Mama?Mama?Mama?”” his his father father father cried. cried. Salerni Salerni‟‟s stepmother threw down a bottle of Centerba, a liqueur from Abruzzi, in greeting – even though America was in the midst of Prohibition. Because there had been a death from typhoid fever aboard the ship, Salerni spent ten days in quarantine before he was reunited with his father for good. When he grew up, Salerni became an – including the construction of East architect, working on a number of projects in New York City River Drive – continuing the traditions of his Italian ancestors. “the Golden Door”? 1.What is meant by the a. National legends like Chanson de Roland of France, El Cid of Spain and Ellis Island of U.S. b. Ellis island through which immigrants traveled to get to America. c. An imaginary door which leads to freedom. d. The museum at Ellis Island which bring about a burst of patriotic nostalgia. 2.According to the author, what were the real motives of the immigrant in the early part of the twentieth century? a. To seek better jobs b. To seek freedom c. To bring their home culture d. To escape from poverty and oppression. 3.What benefits does the author see immigrants bringing to New York? a. The population is increasing and the labor force is growing. b. Neighborhoods are being revitalized with a variety of cultures. c. More working opportunities are being offered. d. Both A and B 4.What is NOT true about the Salerni family tradition? a. They had been stonemasons for many years. b. They are a family from Italy. c. Their family‟s history could be dated back to medieval times. d. They worked on a number of projects in New York City. ‟s travel to America? 5.Which statement is true about Salernia. His mother died in the journey. b. It was his father who took him to America c. He had to stay on the Ellis Island for ten days for medical examination. d. They had to stay on the Ellis Island because his stepmother broke the law of Prohibition. 6.If you are to give a subtitle of the last 4 paragraphs, which of the following is the best one? a. Travel Through Ellis Island b. A New Blueprint c. An Italian Immigrant d. Guerino Salerni Passage Two: The first step in learning to communicate across cultures is to consider what people mean when they talk about culture. Simply put, culture is a system of meaning. That is too abstract a definition of really understand, so consider the following images. • Culture is like an iceberg Like Like an an an iceberg, iceberg, iceberg, only only only some some some of of of culture culture culture is is is visible. visible. visible. Aspects Aspects Aspects of of of culture culture culture that that that we we we can can can easily easily observe are often referred to as objective culture. This includes things such as history, literature, and and customs. customs. customs. When When When we we we learn learn learn the the the facts facts facts about about about our our our own own own or or or other other other cultures, cultures, cultures, we we we are are are learning learning learning the the objective culture. Most of culture is below the surface of our awareness. It is not easily observable. This is referred to as subjective culture. It includes feelings and attitudes about how things are and how they should be. When we only learn objective culture, we are missing the bigger part that is below the surface. • Culture is our software Culture is the basic operating system that makes us human. Humans around the world are physically pretty much the same. There are variations in body size, shape and color, but the basic equipment is universal. We can think of our physical selves as the hardware, but we cannot be said to to be be be human human human until until until we we we are are are programmed programmed programmed and and and each each each of of of us us us is is is programmed programmed programmed by by by our our our home home home culture. culture. Humans Humans are are are unique unique unique among among among all all all the the the animals animals animals on on on earth earth earth in in in that that that the the the infant infant infant is is is weak weak weak and and and incapable incapable incapable of of survival of an exceptionally long period of time. At birth the infant is only a potential human. It must learn how to be human and it learns that in a culturally specific way. It is the culture that provides the software. As with any good software, we are only vaguely aware of it as we use it. It fades into the background and we just know that we can be, that the computer works, or perhaps sometimes does not work because it is incompatible with someone else ‟s software. 7.What is the invisible iceberg part in Chinese culture? a. Chinese calligraphy, Chinese martial arts, and Beijing Opera. b. Chinese history, and Chinese ancient poem and poses. c. Chinese characters, Chinese dining etiquette d. Confucius teachings, Taoism, Yin and Yang. 8.Which statement is NOT true? a. We can only observe a small part of a culture. b. Subjective culture can never be learned. c. People will have no trouble recognizing the objective culture. d. Understanding culture means to figure out what people ‟s behavior and customs mean to the people. 9. In saying “Culture is our software ”, the author means ____. a. people of every country are like hardware of computer b. culture can be learned only in childhood c. we are not aware when we act culturally d. All of the above 10. What could NOT be a metaphor of culture? a. Culture is like the water a fish swim in. b. Culture is the story we tell ourselves about ourselves c. Culture is like a bridge which link two opposite lands. d. Culture is the grammar of our behavior. 11. What does the word “incompatible incompatible”” in the last sentence mean? a. we are different with each other. b. we argue with each other. c. we are not friendly with each other. d. we don‟t understand each other. Passage Three: If If you you you look look look at at the the traits traits traits emphasized emphasized emphasized by by by the the the business business business executives, executives, executives, you you you can can can begin begin begin to build to build a corporate corporate culture culture culture –– albeit albeit a a a stereotype stereotype stereotype –– of of an an an Asian Asian Asian firm firm firm and and and a a a North North North American American American firm firm firm and and and to to understand understand the the the differences differences differences in in in management management management technique technique technique and and and skills skills skills between Asian between Asian corporations corporations and and North American ones. In Asia, there is no mention of individual rights or any hint of reward for “thinking for one ‟s self.” Hence, the type of organizational structure that has emerged across Asia is one of a very hierarchical, bureaucratic corporation that values such intangibles as “respect for learning learning”” and and ““honesty honesty.”.” By By the the the same same same token, token, token, taking taking taking the the the values values values stressed stressed stressed by by by North North North American American executives, you would expect to find corporations that are less structures and more entrepreneurial than Japanese ones – and, in general, that is very much the case. Remember, though, that within the same home culture, you still get vast differences in corporate culture. While IBM and Compaq may be in the same country and in the same industry, their corporate cultures in many ways are different. One interesting footnote from these studies was that female Asian executives had a value profile profile that that that more more more closely closely closely resembled resembled resembled that that that of of of North North North American. American. American. Asian Asian Asian women women women focus focus focus more more more on on independence independence and and and self-reliance self-reliance self-reliance while while while Asian Asian Asian men men men focus focus focus more more more on on on harmony harmony harmony and and and order. order. This difference may be due to the fact that women have been shut out of the “old boys ‟ network ” and have been forced to rely more on entrepreneurial skills than Asian males to succeed. 12. Which character is least likely to be valued in an Asian company? a. Hard work b. Honesty c. Self-reliance d. Openness to new ideas 13. Which character is most likely NOT to be valued in an American company? a. Accountability b. Freedom of expression c. Personal freedom d. Hard work 14. Which of the following statement is true? a. Corporate cultures of firms in the same country in many ways will be very similar. b. Firms in the same industry will be similar to each other c. Even the firms in the same country and same industry will in no way be alike each other. d. Corporate culture will be influenced by national culture. 15. What is true of Asian women? a. They can count on their male relatives to succeed. b. They have less chance to succeed in the business world. c. They can pretend to be very independent. d. They are like American men. IV IV. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the textbook: ( 10% ) . Paraphrase the following sentences according to the textbook: ( 10% ) 1. The naysayers take the opposite view, claiming that globalization has, in effect, triggered a “race to the bottom.” (Chapter 4: The Globalization of Business) 2. The French people, who tend to wear their cultural hearts on their sleeves,… (Chapter 1: Understanding cultural Differences) 3. …, , responsibility responsibility responsibility has has has been slow been slow to to filter filter filter down down down to to to the the the rank rank rank and and and file. file. (Chapter 2: Basic Cultural Types) 4. Avoid the profound phrase of statement of an attempt at a double entendre. (Chapter 5: Customs Etiquette and Protocol) 5. English English words words words have have have entered entered entered the the the Russian Russian Russian language, language, language, mostly mostly mostly through through through the the the back back back door door door of of phonics, to fill the gap. (Chapter 6: Communication across Cultures) V . Cloz e: Fill in the blanks with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary. (10% ) A. uncertainty-avoidance B. ambiguity-averse C. indulgent D. gregarious E. assimilation F. pitfall G. minefield H. blow up I. mandatory J. kick off K. kingpin L. ambiguity M. foolproof N. butcher O. penchant 1. A Swiss business colleague often told a joke that he said summed up the attitude of the Swiss toward uncertainty-avoidance. Buses and taxis taking visitors from Geneva ‟s airport to town would repeatedly broadcast the following announcement: “Welcome to Switzerland. Have a good time and remember that in Switzerland everything that is not (1) is forbidden.” The tale explains why Switzerland ranks high on the list of countries with high (2) which is measure measure of of of a a a society society society‟‟s s ability ability ability to to to tolerate tolerate tolerate (3) (3) and and uncertainty. uncertainty. While While the the the Swiss Swiss Swiss are are noted noted for for being being (4) (4) by by nature, nature, nature, the the the neighboring neighboring neighboring Germans Germans Germans may may may be be be the the the ultimate ultimate ultimate (5) (5) of uncertainty-avoidance in Europe. 2. Foot Foot in in in mouth mouth mouth disease disease disease –– e.g., e.g., when when when a a a newcomer newcomer newcomer to to to a a a foreign foreign foreign culture culture culture (6) (6) the the name name name of of of a a business contact at first meeting – is more common in the international business world than most people people think. think. There There is is is probably probably probably no no no worse worse worse way way way imaginable imaginable to to (7) (7) a business relationship. Failing to show the proper respect or simply calling someone by the wrong name on on the the the first first first meeting meeting meeting is is is an an an avoidable avoidable avoidable mistake mistake mistake if if if you you you do do do your your your homework homework homework properly. properly. properly. Naming Naming systems systems differ differ differ greatly greatly greatly and and even even within within within cultures cultures cultures there there there are are are subtleties subtleties subtleties that that that make make make guessing guessing guessing at at at a a person person‟‟s name and title a (8) There is no (9) strategy for figuring out mane order or even even how how how formal formal formal a a a culture culture culture is is is when when when it it it comes comes comes to to to verbal verbal verbal address. address. address. If If If you you you are are are not not not 100 100 100 percent percent certain, ask. There are some (10) the name game presents for business travelers that can be easily avoided. VI. Case Study: Read the following story and analyze the case with intercultural communication theories. ( 15% ) George George Hall Hall Hall was was was in in in Beijing Beijing Beijing attending attending attending a a a trade trade trade fair fair fair and and and looking looking looking for for for an an an opportunity opportunity opportunity to to to do do business business in in in China. China. China. He He He had had had been been been very very very successful successful successful in in in his his his business business business dealings dealings dealings in in in the the the US US US and and and prided prided himself on his ability “to get things moving.” His first day was going well. He looked around at the displays of sporting equipment to get some idea of whom he might approach. He was sure that his his products, products, products, tennis tennis tennis rackets rackets rackets with with with an an an unusual unusual unusual new new new design, design, design, would would would arouse arouse arouse some some some interest. interest. interest. On On On the the second day he approached the company which he felt would be most responsive to his products. He He introduced introduced introduced himself himself himself to to to the the the general general general manager, manager, manager, a a a Mr. Mr. Mr. Li. Li. Li. Since Since Since he he he had had had read read read that that that Chinese Chinese Chinese find find getting getting down down down to to to business business business immediately immediately immediately too too too abrupt abrupt abrupt and and and rude, rude, rude, he he he began began began a a a casual casual casual conversation, conversation, eventually eventually leading leading leading up up up to to to the the the topic topic topic of his of his products products and and and suggesting suggesting suggesting how how how Mr. Mr. Mr. Li Li Li‟‟s s company company company might might benefit from using them. George then suggested that he could arrange to get together with Mr. Li and provide more specific and documentation on his products. Mr. Li responded in fairly good English, “That would be interesting.”Knowing that he had only a few days left in Beijing, George wanted to nail down a time. “When can we meet?” asked George. “Ah. This week is very busy,” replied Mr. Li. “It sure is,” said George, “How about 10 o ‟clock? Meet you here.” “Tomorrow at 10 o‟clock?clock?”” asked Mr. Li thoughtfully. “Right,Right,”” said George, “ I ‟ll see you then?” “Hmm, yes; why don‟t you come by tomorrow,” was the reply. “OK,OK,”” responded George, “It was nice meeting you.” The next day at 10 o ‟clock he approached Mr. Li ‟s company ‟s exhibit only to find that Mr. Li had some important business and was not able to meet with George. He called back later in the day and was told that Mr. Li was not available. INTERNA TIONAL BUSINESS CULTURE Answer Sheet (A) 姓 名学 号 教 师 班级编号班级编号 平时20% 论文20% 期末60% 总 评题项题项I II III VI V VI 总计总计 得分得分I. Explaining the terms (15%) 1.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ II. True or False (20%) 1._____ 2. _____ 3._____ 4._____ 5._____ 6._____ 7.______ 8._____ 9._____10. ______ 11._____12._____ 13._____ 14._____15._____16.____ 17._____18._____19._____ 20._____ III. Reading Comprehension (30%) 1.____ 2.____ 3.______ 4._____ 4._____ 5._____ 6._____ 6._____ 7._____ 7._____ 8.______ 9.______ 10_____ 11.____ 11.____ 12._____ 13.______ 14._____ 15._____ IV . Paraphrase (10%) 1.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4._____________________________________________________________________________。
2009年考试卷
机密★启用前2009 年11 月中英合作采购与供应管理职业资格证书考试(中级)采购与供应谈判(课程代码:3611)本试卷共10 页。
满分100 分。
考试时间为180 分钟。
注意事项:1.请考生在答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚,同时填写自己的座位号。
2.本试卷共分两部分。
第一部分是案例题,共有2 道必答题,请依照案例作答。
第二部分是论述题,共有4 道题目,请任选2 道作答。
3.请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
一、案例题(每小题25 分,共计50 分)仔细阅读并分析案例中的信息,回答第1 一2 题。
霍菲奶制品有限公司霍菲奶制品有限公司(以下简称霍菲公司)是一家小型企业,主要生产以有机牛奶为原料的甜品。
公司的愿景是使其产品成为本地消费者的首选,并依托本地优质奶源进行积极的宣传和营销。
作为家族式企业,霍菲公司是当地社会的重要组成部分。
由于霍菲公司推出的MT 甜品大受欢迎,公司得以快速发展。
目前,公司只在本地进行此产品的营销活动,但产品的热销促使公司考虑将其销售到更多区域。
霍菲公司所处的地区失业率较高,因此,当地政府支持企业创造更多的就业机会。
采购方法霍菲公司的采购工作由财务部门的艾米负责。
艾米是一名采购专家。
在公司工作的六个月以来,她已经实施了一些基础性的采购流程,其优秀的谈判技巧也帮助公司节约了大量资金。
最近她提出的一些建议受到了更多的关注。
艾米最近说服了她的经理扩充采购团队,随后吸纳了史密斯加入。
史密斯十分聪明,而且富有工作激情,但缺乏采购经验。
公司要求艾米根据产品MT 未来可能的原料需求量,对采购合同进行重新谈判。
公司管理层期望尽快达成新的协议,从而确保满足即将到来的夏季需求高峰。
艾米也需要对其它环节进行重新审核,如包装、营销、设备和材料,但时间相当紧迫。
包装史密斯在之前的工作中掌握了一些有关包装的知识,因此艾米要求他协助完成谈判工作。
史密斯知道现在有很多新的包装技术,并且这些技术越来越流行。
2009年bec 全攻略
2009年bec 全攻略剑桥商务英语报名时间经教育部考试中心与英国剑桥大学考试委员会外语部协商,2009年BEC纸笔考试安排如下:BEC初级 BEC中级 BEC高级上半年 5月16日 5月30日 5月23日下半年 11月28日 12月5日 11月21日上半年报名截止时间:3月17日下半年报名截止时间:9月17日****商务英语考试(BEC)的考试范围*****BEC考核四项语言技能:听、说、读和写。
BEC P级,阅读和写作为一张考卷。
BEC V级和H级的考试中,阅读和写作是在分开的试卷上。
下表中列出的范围涵盖在BEC考试各个级别之中。
总的来说,以下的范围每个级别都类似,但是随着级别的递进,对于语言知识的广度和深度的要求也不相同。
事实上,某些特定的范围在某个级别上更为普遍,如,在BEC P级的考试中,社交和提供个人信息方面的题材考得会比较多。
主题范围功能/沟通技能个人信息问候及回应问候;介绍自己及他人;问询或是给出个人信息(姓名,职业等);问询和描述工作及职责;问询和描述公司及其组织结构;填写关于个人和公司信息的表格;理解和撰写关于个人信息的信函;理解和撰写简单的简历,理解推荐信办公室,工作环境和日常工作安排和再安排约会及会议;做计划和任务安排;确认或改变计划;征得同意和授予同意;给予和接受指示;预测和描述未来可能性;问询和给予意见:同意和不同意;给予,接受和拒绝建议或推荐;决定和过往行动的评价;理解会议记录;理解办公室文件(报告,信函,备忘录,等)客户招待,休闲时光,和客户及同事关系讨论兴趣爱好和休闲活动;发出,接受和拒绝邀请;感谢和表达感谢;欢迎国外访问者;谈论自己的地区/国家;发起,接受和拒绝提议旅行和会议讯盘,预定,定购和登记;酒店入住登记和付帐离开;点菜;问路打电话接电话和打电话;给予和记录数字信息,常用缩略语和缩写词(用于国家商务环境下);交换信息;记录留言健康和安全理解工作场所的健康和安全规定;讨论休闲活动,兴趣爱好和体育活动;撰写用法说明和通知买和卖理解付款日期和送货日期;出单和下订单;制订协议;谈判合同公司结构,体系和处理过程展示和描述公司结构和过程;交换关于公司设备资源的信息;理解和解释公司的生产,订货和送货体系;理解和解释制造过程;理解和描述公司的流程(包括员工甄选,推广,等等。
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Student Name: Student Number:Date:Business Culture – Final Exam Questions1.What is Culture?2.How is Culture manifest in Societies?3.How do cultures evolve?4.Contrast Individualism with Collectivism.5.What is a stereotype how is it used?6.What is Globalization?7.How important is it to make a good first impression, how long do you have to make that first impression?8.What must be taken into consideration when communicating cross culturally?9.Describe ways that body language is noted?10.What is the number one aim of good written communications?11.The glass ceiling has steadily risen over the years – why has this occurred?12.When using an interpreter – what is the key to successful clarity?13.What are the top 3 cultural business values in Asia and the top 3 in North America14.What are corporate ethics? 3 global mind-set sensitivities?Key Question:Name the seven habits of highly effective people.Vocabulary:1.Protocol2.Time Horizon3.Zero sum Game4.Transparency5.Uncertainty Avoidance6.Low Context7.Mono-chronic8.Poly-chronic9.Strategy10.Values11.Hi Context12.Hi Power13.Polychronic14.Globalization15.DiscriminationBusiness Culture Final Exam Answer KeyCultural Differences: Answer1.What is Culture? Learned Behaviors, Software of the mind2.How is Culture manifest in Societies? Fashion, Food, Behaviors, Music, Arts, Religion, Language3.How do cultures evolve? Influences from outside, globalization, education, environment Cultural Types4.Contrast Individualism with Collectivism. Harmony, Belong, Duty, Context, Advice, Hierarchy, IndirectCompete, Private, Self-knowing, Direct, Unique, Independent5.What is a stereotype how is it used? General categorization of peoples characteristics-Used to generalize behaviors across culturesGlobalization6.What is Globalization? Global flow of Capital, Goods, Technology, Production, Resources Customs, Etiquette, Protocol7.How important is it to make a good first impression, how long do you have to make that first impression?Approximately 30 seconds in Western cultures, Relationships aresolidified by respect, awareness, tolerance and integration of ways Communicating8.What must be taken into consideration when communicating cross culturally?Thinking, Interpretations, Local Conventions, Clarity, Simple, Patience,SensitivityNon – Verbal9.Describe ways that body language is noted?Eyes, Facial Expression, Hands, Posture, Dress, Gestures, Space and Orientationof Body, Silence, Taking notesWritten10.What is the number one aim of good written communications?Expression Ideas Clearly - UnderstandabilityLandmines for Women11.The glass ceiling has steadily risen over the years – why has this occurred?Global Wars, Education, Regulation, Acceptance, Skills, IntelligenceCross Cultural Meeting12.When using an interpreter – what is the key to successful clarity?Context over Content – Comprehension or meanings Corporate Culture13.What are the top 3 cultural business values in Asia and the top 3 in North AmericaHard work, Respect for learning, HonestyFreedom of expression, Personal freedom, Self reliance Corporate Ethics14.What are corporate ethics? Basic Company Values and principlesCross Cultural Teams 3 global mind-set sensitivities? Content interpretations, Balance Life, Conflict Management vs.conflict resolution, trusting process over structure, valuingdiversity, Change as opportunity, comfortable with ambiguity,emphasizing inclusion vs. exclusion in management styleKey Question:Name the seven habits of highly effective people. Proactive, Begin with End in Mind, Put first things first, ThinkWin / Win, Search first to understand then to be understood,Synergize, Sharpen the sawVocabulary:1.Protocol customs, regulations dealing with diplomatic formality, precedence, etiquette.2.Time Horizon Time to wait before profit generated from some formal business activity3.Zero sum Game gains on one side equal loses on other – i.e. no collective gain4.Transparency clear understanding of rules, laws and standards governing relationship5.Uncertainty Avoidance a value that determines appetite for risk or ambiguity6.Low Context Deals only in facts and figures – high degree of shared knowledge7.Mono-chronic How a culture views time – sequential order8.Poly-chronic diverse goals simultaneously, sequential approach undesirable9.Strategy The plan / method / approach10.Values Things held in high esteem – virtues considered most important by a company11.Hi Context Low amount of information transferred – rely mainly on relationships, generalInformation given not clear, detailed or specific12.Hi Power Hierarchy where most decisions are made at the top, people follow direction13.Polychronic Doing multiple tasks at the same time14.Globalization Operating in multiple countries – engaged in communities, economies, presence15.D iscrimination Treating classes of people unequally and unfairly – men vs. woman, raceBusiness Culture Test Scoring:Each question is worth 4 points * 15 = 60Vocabulary 2 points * 15 = 30Key Question 10 points1. The final exam will account for 50% of the grade – 50% based on Class attendance andhomework completed.2. Anyone not attending the final exam will be failed. Make up exams will only be given cases ofextreme emergency.。