陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 7
gre救命800词陈琦
gre救命800词陈琦
（原创版）
目录
1.GRE 写作的重要性
2.GRE 写作的难点和挑战
3.如何提高 GRE 写作分数
4.总结
正文
对于许多想要申请研究生项目的学生来说，GRE（研究生入学考试）
是一项必不可少的考试。
而在 GRE 考试中，写作部分尤为重要，因为它
能够展示考生的思维能力和表达能力。
然而，GRE 写作对于许多考生来说都是一项极具挑战性的任务。
GRE 写作的难点主要在于两个方面：一是考生需要在有限的时间内完成高质量的文章；二是考生需要展示自己的思维深度和广度。
这就要求考生不仅需要有扎实的英语基础，还需要有广泛的知识储备和良好的逻辑思维能力。
那么，如何提高 GRE 写作分数呢？首先，考生需要进行充分的准备。
这包括了解 GRE 写作的题型和评分标准，以及进行大量的写作练习。
通
过练习，考生可以提高自己的写作速度和质量，同时也可以增强自己的逻辑思维能力。
此外，考生还可以通过阅读和写作来提高自己的语言能力和思维能力。
阅读可以帮助考生扩大自己的知识面，提高自己的逻辑思维能力；写作则可以帮助考生锻炼自己的表达能力，提高自己的写作水平。
第1页共1页。
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit8
1.Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’scategories) is “life-as-spectacle”,for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its heroes Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents “life-as-experience”: readers are asked to id entify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.如果使用Maynard Mack的分类法的话,《奥德赛》的主题就是“生命是一段奇特的旅程”,因为读者会以旁观者的心态来看待作品主人公Odysseus的一生,在此过程中,读者很享受Odysseus如何应对各种各样的意外事件。
但是,悲剧《伊利亚特》的主题却是“生命是由现实经历构成的”,作品要求读者能体会到Achilles 的心境,而Achilles的动机却使他不是特别具有吸引力。
2.But those of who hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb’s newly publishedcomplete edition of Proust’s correspondence for 1909would document the process in greater detail are disappointed.Kolb 新出版的著作完整收录了Proust在1909年所写的所有信件,人们期待这部著作能够更加详细的记录这个过程。
但是,他们对Kolb失望了。
3.This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits andevents not directly related to glacial and interglacial period, rather than being based on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits.这个次序主要建立在一系列与冰川期与间冰期没有直接联系的沉积物和事件之上,而不是基于一种更常见的现代方法----这种现代方法研究冰川期沉积物之间的间冰期地层中的生物残骸。
unit7thechaser课文翻译综合教程三
Unit 7The ChaserJohn Henry Collier1 Alan Austen, as nervous as a kitten, went up certain dark and creaky stairs in the neighborhood of Pell Street, and peered about for a long time on the dim hallway before he found the name he wanted written obscurely on one of the doors.2 He pushed open this door, as he had been told to do, and found himself in a tiny room, which contained no furniture but a plain kitchen table, a rocking-chair, and an ordinary chair. On one of the dirty buff-coloured walls were a couple of shelves, containing in all perhaps a dozen bottles and jars.3 An old man sat in the rocking-chair, reading a newspaper. Alan, without a word, handed him the card he had been given. “Sit down, Mr. Austen,” said the old man very politely. “I am glad to make your acquaintance.”4 “Is it true,” asked Alan, “that you have a certain mixture that has … er … quite extraordinary effects”5 “My dear sir,” replied the old man, “my stock in trade is not very large —I don’t deal in laxatives and teething mixtures —but such as it is, it is varied.I think nothing I sell has effects which could be precisely described as ordinary.”6 “Well, the fact is …” began Alan.7 “Here, for example,” interrupted the old man, reaching for a bottle f rom the shelf. “Here is a liquid as colourless as water, almost tasteless, quite imperceptible in coffee, wine, or any other beverage. It is also quite imperceptible to any known method of autopsy.”8 “Do you mean it is a poison” cried Alan, very much horrified.9 “Call it a glove-cleaner if you like,” said the old man indifferently. “Maybe it will clean gloves. I have never tried. One might call it a life-cleaner. Lives need cleaning sometimes.”10 “I want nothing of that sort,” said Alan.11 “Probably it is just as well,” said the old man. “Do you know the price of this For one teaspoonful, which is sufficient, I ask five thousand dollars. Never less. Not a penny less.”12 “I hope all your mixtures are not as expensive,” said Alan apprehen sively.13 “Oh dear, no,” said the old man. “It would be no good charging that sort of price for a love potion, for example. Young people who need a love potion very seldom have five thousand dollars. Otherwise they would not need a love potion.”14 “I am glad to hear that,” said Alan.15 “I look at it like this,” said the old man. “Please a customer with one article, and he will come back when he needs another. Even if it is more costly. He will save up for it, if necessary.”16 “So,” said Alan, “you really do sell love potions”17 “If I did not sell love potions,” said the old man, reaching for another bottle, “I should not have mentioned the other matter to you. It is only when one is ina position to oblige that one can afford to be so con fidential. “18 “And these potions,” said Alan. “They are not just … just … er …”19 “Oh, no,” said the old man. “Their effects are permanent, and extend far beyond the mere casual impulse. But they include it. Oh, yes they include it. Bountifully, i nsistently. Everlastingly.”20 “Dear me!” said Alan, attempting a look of scientific detachment. “How very interesting!”21 “But consider the spiritual side,” said the old man.22 “I do, indeed,” said Alan.23 “For indifference,” said the old man, “they substitute devotion. For scorn, adoration. Give one tiny measure of this to the young lady — its flavour is imperceptible in orange juice, soup, or cocktails — and however gay and giddy she is, she will change altogether. She will want nothing bu t solitude and you.”24 “I can hardly believe it,” said Alan. “She is so fond of parties.”25 “She will not like them anymore,” said the old man. “She will be afraid of the pretty girls you may meet.”26 “She will actually be jealous” cried Alan in a rapture. “Of me”27 “Yes, she will want to be everything to you.”28 “She is, already. Only she doesn’t care about it.”29 “She will, when she has taken this. She will care intensely. You will be her sole interest in life.”30 “Wonderful!” cried Alan.31 “She will want to know all you do,” said the old man. “All that has happened to you during the day. Every word of it. She will want to know what you are thinking about, why you smile suddenly, why you are looking sad.”32 “That is love!” cried Alan.33 “Yes,” said the old man. “How carefully she will look after you! She will never allow you to be tired, to sit in a draught, to neglect your food. If you are an hour late, she will be terrified. She will think you are killed, or that some siren has caught you.”34 “I can hardly imagine Diana like that!” cried Alan, overwhelmed with joy.35 “You will not have to use your imagination,” said the old man. “And, by the way, since there are always sirens, if by any chance you should, later on, slip a little, you need not worry. She will forgive you, in the end. She will be terribly hurt, of course, but she will forgive you —in the end.”36 “That will not happen,” said Alan fervently.37 “Of course not,” said the old man. “But, if it did, you need not worry. She would never divorce you. Oh, no! And, of course, she will never give you the least, the very least, grounds for —uneasiness.”38 “And how much,” said Alan, “is this wonderful mixture”39 “It is not as dear,” said the old man, “as the glove-cleaner, or life-cleaner, as I sometimes call it. No. That is five thousand dollars, never a penny less. One has to be older than you are, to indulge in that sort of thing. One has to save up for it.”40 “But the love potion” said Alan.41 “Oh, that,” said the old man, opening the drawer in the kitchen table, and taking out a tiny, rather dirty-looking phial. “That is just a dollar.”42 “I can’t tell you how grateful I am,” said Alan, watching him fill it.43 “I like to oblige,” said the old man. “Then customers come back, later in life, when they are better off, and want more expensive things. Here you are. You will find it very effective.”44 “Thank you again,” said Alan. “Good-bye.”45 “Au revoir,” said the man.解酒水艾伦·奥斯丁，紧张得像只小猫，心里七上八下、忐忑不安的进了裴尔街区的一个楼道，黑乎乎的楼梯咯吱咯吱直响。
陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 4
1.Unfortunately, the documentation of these and other epidemics isslight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans.不幸的是，对这些流行病和其他流行病的记录的数量很少而且经常不可靠，因而有必要把美国土著中最近发生的流行病的证据补充到我们知之甚少的信息中。
2.Scientists have begun to suspect that this intergalactic gas isprobably a mixture of gases left over from the “big bong” when the galaxies were formed and gas was forced out of galaxies by supernova explosions.科学家们开始推测，这种星际间的气体可能是一种从“大爆炸”遗留下来的一些气体的混合物，当时形成了许多星系而且超新星的爆炸使得这些气体脱离了星系。
3.However，recent investigations have shown that the concentrationsof the most mRNA’s correlate best, not with their synthesis rate, but rather with the equally variable rates at which cells degrade the different mRNA’s in their cytoplasm.但是最近的调查已经表明，大多数mRNA的浓度并不是与其合成速率最相关，而是与细胞在其细胞质中降解不同的mRNA的速率最为相关，降解速率与合成速率一样是易变的。
陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 9
1.During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “usefl”child who contributed to the family economy give way gradually to the present-day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its presents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless”.她认为，在19世纪，能对家庭经济有所贡献的“有用的”小孩的概念逐渐让位于现在“无用的”小孩的观点，即虽然这些小孩不能为父母创造收入，而且对于父母来说的确极其费钱，但他们在情感上仍被认为是无价的。
2.“Expulsion of children from the …cash nexus‟… although expulsionis clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures,”Zelizer maintains, “was also part of a cultural process …of sacrelization‟ of children‟s lives.”Zelizer认为，：“将孩子排除在‘金钱关系‟之外。
虽然明显的被经济、职业、家庭结构的深刻变化所塑造，但这也是孩子生命‘神圣化’的文化进程的一部分。
”3.The question of whether decrease in plant fecundity caused by thespraying of pesticides actually causes a decline in the overall population of flowering plant species still reminds unanswered.喷洒杀虫剂是否引起了植物结果率的下降，继而真的引起开花植物品种的整体种群数量的下降，这个问题仍未解决。
选修7 重点句型和长难句
选修7 module 1 basketball1 He was the top scorer in the NBA, and played for the Chicago Bulls from 1984 to 1993.2 He attended the University of North Carolina for a year before leaving to join the Chicago Bulls.4 During this time, the average number of points he scored was more than 30 points per game.5 He played again for the Washington Wizards before finally retiring from sport in 2003 at the age of 40.6 Each time he threw the ball straight through the basket—and each time he had his eyes closed.7 Chamberlain is the only NBA player who averaged over 50 points per game for an entire season.8 Off the basketball court, Michael Jordan opened his own steak restaurant because he loves steak so much.9 Joe was a considerate guy, and apologised as Sackler left, sniffing and weeping, either in pain or in frustration.10 He also found success as an actor in the film Space Jam alongside the famous cartoon character Bugs Bunny!11 But there is no doubt that he deserves the title "outstanding player of his generation".12 He finished his first season (1984–1985) as one of the top scorers in the league, with an average of 28.2 points per game.13 Michael Jordan was the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season—but the first was Wilt Chamberlain.14 Jordan was also in the United States Olympic Basketball Team, known as "the Dream Team", which won the gold15 medal at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.16 Jordan surprised everyone when he retired before the 1993–1994 season, but he rejoined the Chicago Bulls and won three more championships with them from 1996 to 1998.17 They have fantastic stories to tell about Michael Jordan, such as the time when he rescued the Bulls from ending a18 Wearing his famous number 23 shirt, Michael Jordan became the most successful basketball player in the history of the game.19 At one point, Chamberlain was so much better than all the other players that they changed the rules of the game to try to stop him!20 The giant player joined the NBA's Philadelphia Warriors in the 1959–1960 season and was an immediate success.21 During 14 seasons with four different teams, Chamberlain was named the most valued player in the league four times.21 By the time he retired, Wilt held many NBA records: he scored 50 or more points 118 times and 60 or more points 32 times.22 The Rockets led by two points going into the fourth quarter, and were 69–61 in the lead with just under nine minutes to play.23 with just seven seconds left of normal time, Jamal Crawford scored a three-pointer to tie the game at 83–83, which meant overtime.24 One reason for this is that the players' energy is partly directed upwards, at a 90-degree angle to the ground, and over the heads of the others.25 In other sports, such as baseball and American football, the players' energy moves parallel to the ground and towards their opponents, so they wear helmets which give adequate protection to their heads.26 But although basketball players wear socks and sneakers which are specially designed to absorb energy when they bound into the air, they wear no other protection, just a vest and shorts.27 If there is an abrupt change of direction in their energy, from vertical to horizontal, such as when they accelerate across the court, bouncing the ball, there is a real danger of personal injury.28 Whereas everyone else was tall and slim with short haircuts, Joe Johannsen was short and stout, with long hair and a large belly.29 when he obtained control of the ball, he could make a circuit of the court and reach the opposing team's boundary within seconds.30 There were three minutes to go.31 Suddenly 80 kilos hit the Chandler star, who howled loudly in pain and fell, with his nose bleeding and a cut on his left cheek.32 But when Sackler stood up, he was dizzy, so they put a bandage round his head, a blanket round his shoulders, and called an ambulance to take him to the hospital.Module 2 Highlights of my senior yearIt seems strange to think that in a few days' time I'll be walking out of the school gates forever. Meanwhile, I find myself looking back at my senior year, and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened.I've decided to write them down so that one day, years from now, when I reread them, the memories will come back.One of the best things about this year has been working as an arts editor for this newspaper.I love writing, and working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist, so this has been a real success for me.Something else I've greatly enjoyed is working as a peer mediator, someone who helps students to settle problems that they have with other students.At the start of the school year, we were given training in how to do this, and it's clear that this kind of work can really help people.During the Easter vacation, I went on a short school skiing trip to the Rocky Mountains.I've been skiing quite a few times, but never with the school, and since two good friends came on the trip, we had great fun racing each other down the ski slopes.It's well-known that Americans are competitive, and I did enjoy it whenever I won our races!I was given a car by my parents so I've been able to drive to school, which is brilliant.I really enjoyed meeting the teachers and telling them how we, the students, feel about things, and what we think should happen in the school!Daniel, a boy in my English class, asked me to go to the prom with him, and I was so pleased—I'd been hoping he would ask me.I found a dress that suited me perfectly, and had my hair specially done on the day of the prom.It took two hours but it was worth it, as everyone told me I looked very elegant!It's a great pity that it's probably the last time this will happen.But the big surprise of the evening was when I was elected prom queen!After the prom, a group of us drove down to the coast, and sat on the beach in our long dresses and dinner jackets.Afterwards, we went and had an enormous breakfast in a nearby hotel—it was a perfect ending to a perfect school year.。
陈琦点词班A班讲义--菜鸟哦哦哦论坛.
Belie Mask
Discretionary
Stifle Shackle
Comprehend
Inconsequential Trivial
Reliable
Scrutinize
Allure Repudiate
Recant
Encumber
Revelation Expel Oust Valid
Droll & Quip
Disingenuous
• Disingenuous：not truly honest or sincere : giving the false appearance of being honest or sincere<Her recent expressions of concern are self-serving and disingenuous.>
The speaker announced that her primary focus would be on broad global concerns rather than on ______ issues. A. parochial B. substantive C. disputatious D. contentious E. contemporary F. inarochialism：the quality or state of being parochial; especially : selfish pettiness or narrowness (as of interests, opinions, or views)
• Parochial：confined or restricted as if within the borders of a parish : limited in range or scope (as to a narrow area or region) : provincial, narrow
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit7
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit71.However, none of these high-technology methods are of any valueif the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized.但是，如果这些方法所应用的地点没有被矿化的话那么这些高科技方法就毫无价值。
因此，探索者为了最大化发现矿产的机会，必须对选择最有可能被矿化的地质构成给予特别的关注。
2.Rather，the coincidence of increased United States governmentantidiscrimination pressure in the mid-1960s with the acceleration in the rate of black economic progress beginning in 1965 argues against the community theorists’ view.20世纪60年代中期，美国政府反对歧视的压力不断升高，与此同时，从1965年开始，黑人经济状况改善的步伐越来越快。
确切的说，这两个事件的同时发生违背了连续性理论家的观点。
3.Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for theEnglish—they would rather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity.虽然起初对于英国人来说没有什么正面的吸引力，他们宁愿呆在家里，但是到了18世纪的时候，越来越多的人移民到美国，因为他们将美国视为一片充满机会的土地。
gre写作高频题目及考点精析
gre写作高频题目及考点精析
【原创实用版】
目录
1.GRE 写作高频题目及考点精析的主要内容
2.作者陈琦的介绍
3.书中提供的 gre 写作考试常见问题解答
4.书中总结的 700 余篇学生习作的写作常犯错误
5.书中提到的实用备考方法
6.考场题目分享
正文
gre 写作高频题目及考点精析是一本针对 GRE 写作考试的辅导书。
书中从一个全新的角度对写作题库进行分类，即 14 种具体性指令，深入解读每一种指令，指出考生易错点。
同时，按照分类从 gre 写作官方题库中精选 40 道经典常考题目，编写高分范文，并由外教审校，为考生提供论证逻辑、立场、例证、语言等全方位参考素材。
此外，本书作者还在实践教学当中，细致梳理 700 余篇学生习作，总结写作常犯错误，供考生自检、改正。
作者陈琦是一位有着丰富教学经验的 gre 写作辅导专家，他曾是陈琦老师 gre 超高分组织小牛人俱乐部”成员（v167q170aw5.0），并且著有《gre 核心词汇考法精析》（再要你命 3000）及其便携版、《gre 高分必备短语搭配》、《gre/gmat/lsat 长难句 300 例精讲精练》,、《gre 写作高频题目及考点精析》等著作。
目前，陈琦老师在微臣教育线上作文课讲师及留学项目负责人。
在这本书中，作者详细解答了关于 gre 写作考试的常见问题，如考试规则、评分标准等，并且还提供了 700 余篇学生习作的写作常犯错误，
帮助考生在自检和改正中提高写作水平。
此外，书中还提供了许多实用备考方法，如阅读范文、分析评分规则、练习写作等。
同时，作者还分享了一些考场题目，帮助考生了解考试形式和题目类型，提前做好准备。
gre救命800词陈琦
gre救命800词陈琦摘要：I.引言- 介绍陈琦的《GRE 救命800 词》- 本书对于备考GRE 的重要性II.书籍结构与内容- 书中的单词按照难度分级- 提供丰富的例句和短文- 涵盖GRE 考试中的高频词汇III.本书特点- 注重单词的用法和搭配- 记忆方法独特，提高学习效率- 针对性强，满足不同程度考生需求IV.备考建议- 根据自身情况制定学习计划- 结合其他资源加强练习- 坚持不懈，持续复习V.结论- 总结《GRE 救命800 词》的价值- 强调单词学习在GRE 考试中的重要性正文：《GRE 救命800 词》是陈琦老师针对备考GRE 考试的一本词汇书籍，广受考生欢迎。
这本书对于备考GRE 的重要性不言而喻，接下来我将详细介绍这本书的结构、内容、特点以及备考建议。
首先，本书结构清晰，内容丰富。
书中收录了800 个高频词汇，按照难度分为四级，从易到难，方便考生循序渐进地学习。
此外，每个单词都提供了丰富的例句和短文，让考生在实际语境中理解和记忆单词，提高学习效果。
其次，本书特点突出，具有很强的针对性和实用性。
陈琦老师在书中注重单词的用法和搭配，帮助考生掌握词汇的真正含义和用法。
此外，书中还提供了一些独特的记忆方法，如词根词缀分析、联想记忆等，旨在帮助考生更高效地记忆单词。
本书针对不同程度考生的需求，是一本非常实用的词汇书籍。
针对备考GRE，我有以下建议。
首先，考生应根据自身情况制定合理的学习计划，确保每个阶段的学习目标都能达成。
其次，考生可以结合其他备考资源加强练习，如做题、参加模拟考试等，全面提高自己的能力。
最后，备考过程中最重要的是坚持不懈，持续复习，确保所学知识牢固掌握。
总之，《GRE 救命800 词》是一本非常实用的词汇书籍，对于备考GRE 的考生来说具有很高的参考价值。
陈琦戈弋gre长难句300例unit6
1.Granted that the presence elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable that of Herry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts.诚然小说中出现这些元素并不代表作者如Herry James一样，有着构思小说的作家意识，但是小说中的这些元素确实可以激励一些统一小说中不同部分的尝试。
2.As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone has been set upon anther because of anything that Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.正如她在《普通读者》里所说的那样，“Chaucer所说的或所写的并不能形成一部法律，也不能让石块逐个累加起来（注：也就是‘平地高楼拔地起’的意思）；但是，我们阅读他的作品时，我们的每一个毛孔中都能感受到道德的气息。
3.As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered generally changed abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments.当震波穿过岩层分界线时，岩层分界线的弹性特征会突然改变，地震波的部分能量将会被反射回地面，地震仪器在此记录反射回来的地震波。
陈琦 戈弋GRE长难句300例unit 14
1. The nonstarters were considered the ones who wanted stability,who wanted a strong referee to give them some position in the race, who wanted a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; who wanted an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again from compensatorily staggered “starting lines”.那些失败者被认为是那些期望稳定的人，是那些需要一个强有力的裁判在比赛中给予他们某个位置的人，是那些需要一个调节性的手来平息狂怒的投机的人，是那些需要一个可以让事情停止的权威，从补偿性错开的“起跑线”上重新开始的人。
2. “Reform” in America has been sterile because it can imagine nochange except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, except through wider inclusion of competitors, except through providing “a piece of the action”, as it were, for the disenfranchised.美国的“改革“是无效的，因为这种改革不能设想出任何变化，除非通过扩展这个比赛的比喻范围，除非通过竞争者更广泛的纳入，除非为那些无权力者提供一个类似于”行动的机会“。
3. The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth’s surface,and the enclosed seas seriously require explanation because, in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs, there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea.内海是地球表面的一个重要特征，而且急需解释，因为除了当前在的弧形岛屿链之后发展起来的内海之外，还存在一些年代更为久远的、成因可能类似的内海，比如墨西哥湾、黑海甚至北海有可能也这样。
剑桥7长难句汇总
剑桥7长难句汇总1. At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial today.2. Unprecedented construction of tens of thousands of monumental engineering projects designed to control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide water for irrigation and hydropower brought great benefits to hundreds of millions of people.3. Nevertheless, it may be the only way to address successfully the pressing problems of providing everyone with clean water to drink, adequate water to grow food and a life free from preventable water-related illness。
1. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favored bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade.2. Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago were our ancestors able to emerge into the daytime in any substantial numbers.3. The light source must therefore be immensely brighter if it used as a headlight to illuminate the path, than if it is to be used as a signal to others.4. The Sonar and Radar pioneers didn’t know it then, but all the world now knows that bats, or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system tens of millions of years earlier, and their ‘radar’ achieves feats of de tection and navigation that would strike an engineer dumb with admiration.1. If we think of a book we studied months or years ago, we will find it easier to recall peripheral details - the colour, the binding, the typeface, the table at the library where we sat while studying it - than the content on which we were concentrating.2. Through meeting with the staff and satisfied students they develop the expectation that learning will be easy and pleasant and that they will successfully learn several hundred words of the foreign language during the class.3. Another difference from conventional teaching is the evidence that students can regularly learn 1,000 new words of a foreign language during a suggestopedic session, as well as grammar and idiom1. With its special shock absorbers to dampen the effect of sudden sideways movements from an earthquake, the thirty-six-storey Kasumigaseki building in central Tokyo —Japan’s first skyscraper - was c onsidered a masterpiece of modern engineering when it was built in 1968.2. Yet in 826, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five metres into the sky - nearly half as high as the kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later.3. Another strange feature of the Japanese pagoda is that, because the building tapers, with each successive floor plan being smaller than the one below, none of the vertical pillars that carry the weight of the building is connected to its corresponding pillar above.1. Natural soil fertility is dropping in many areas because of continuous industrial fertiliser and pesticide use, while the growth of algae is increasing in lakes because of the fertilizer run-off.2. Breaking away from industrial agriculture as the solution to hunger may be very hard for some countries, but in Britain, where the immediate need to supply food is less urgent, and the costs and the damage of intensive farming have been clearly seen, it may be more feasible.3. He is recommending the immediate introd uction of a ‘greener food standard’, which would push the market towards more sustainable environmental practices than the current norm, while not requiring the full commitment to organic production.1. The socio-economic survey of more than 400 households in the district indicated that a household in Makete spent, on average, seven hours a day on transporing themselves and their goods, a figure which seemed extreme but which has also been obtained in surveys in other rural areas in Africa.Those who have bought donkeys are mainly form richer households but, with an increased supply through local breeding, donkeys should become more affordable.3. It should be noted, however, that a donkey, which at 20,000 Tanzanian shillings costs less than a bicycle, is still an investmentary measures if one wants to assist rural poor.1. Among these, the world of the ant has come in for considerable scrutiny lately, and the idea that ants demonstrate sparks of cognition has certainly not been rejected by those involved in these investigations.2. They farm fungi, raise aphids as livestock, launch armies to war, use chemical sprays to alarm and confuse enemies, capture slaves, engage in child labour, exchange information ceaselessly.3. Whereas prehistoric man had no exposure to urbanlifestyles-the forcing house of intelligence-the evidence suggests that ants have lived in urban settings for close on a hundred million years, developing and maintaining underground cities of specialized chambers and tunnels.1. A number of techniques developed since the 1950s, however, have placed the study of these subjects on a sounder and more obiective footing.2. All proteins ‘drift’, or produce variants, over the generations, and members of an interbreeding human population will share a set of such variants.3. Thus, by comparing the Gm allotypes of two different populations (e.g. two Indian tribes), one can establish their genetic ‘distance’, which itself can be calibrate d to give an indication of the length of time since thes e populations last interbred.1. European countries are becoming increasingly concerned by major threats to European forests, threats which know no frontiers other than those of geography or climate: air pollution, soil deterioration, the increasing number of forest fires and sometimes even the mismanagement of our woodland and forest heritage.2. The topics discussed included the co-ordinated study of the destruction of forests, as well as how to combat forest fires and the extension of European research programs on the forest ecosystem.3. This means that a forest policy is vital, that it must transcend national frontiers and generations of people, and that it must allow for the inevitable changes that take place in the forests, in needs, and hence in policy.1. Although it dates from several hundred years after thebuilding of the pyramids, its sophistication suggests that the Egyptians might have been developing ideas of flight for a long time.2. There are plenty of places around the globe where people have no access to heavy machinery, but do know how to deal with wind，sailing and basic mechanical principles.1. It is this management mechanism that has allowed Alaska salmon stocks –and, accordingly, Alaska salmon fisheries- to prosper, even as salmon populations in the rest of the United States are increasingly considered threatened or even endangered.2. The MSC then appoints a certification committee, composed of a panel of fisheries experts, which gathers information and opinions from fishermen, biologists, government officials, industry representatives, non-governmental organizations and others.3. Rather, they contend, it was almost certainly the result of climatic shifts, prompted in part by cumulative effects of the el nino/ la nina phenomenon on Pacific Ocean temperatures，culminating in harsh winter in which huge numbers of salmon eggs were frozen.1. And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially ‘too quiet’, an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels.2. We are much more able to‘tune out’ chronic background noise, even if it is quite loud, than to work under circumstances with unexpected intrusions of noise.3. Apparently, unpredictable noise produces more fatigue than predictable noise, but it takes a while for this fatigue to takeits toll on performance4. It should be noted that the two groups of children had been carefully matched by the investigations so that they were comparable in age, ethnicity, race, and social class.5. One study, suggesting that this worry is a realistic one, compared elementary school pupils who attended schools near Los Ange les’s busiest airport with students who attended schools in quiet neighbou rhoods.。
剑桥7册长难句
剑桥7册长难句剑桥7册长难句1.Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given thatalternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favored bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade.2.In any event, whether or not the reason is the energy expense, itseems to be the case that, with the possible exception of some weird deep-sea fish, no animal apart from man uses manufactured light to find its way about.3.Th e sonar and radar pioneers didn’t know it then, but all the worldnow knows that bats, or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system tens of millions of years earlier, and their“radar” achieves feats of detection and navigation tha t would strike an engineer dumb with admiration.4.At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with aninnovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today.5.Some water experts are now demanding that existing infrastructurebe used in smarter ways rather than building new facilities, which is increasingly considered the option of last, not first, resort.6.Besides the laboratory evidence for this, we know from ourexperience that we often remember what we have perceived peripherally, long after we have forgotten what we set out to learn. 7.If we think of a lecture we listened to with great concentration, wewill recall the lecturer’s appearance and mannerisms, our place inauditorium, the failure of the air-conditioning, much more easily than the ideas we went to learn.8.Just as a doctor calls on the full power of autocratic suggestion byinsisting that the patient take precisely this white capsule precisely three times a day before meals, Lozanov is categoric in insisting that the sugestopdic session be conducted exactly in the mannerdesignated, by trained and accredited suggestopedic teachers.9.it was only thirty years ago that the building industry felt confidentenough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that hadmore than a dozen floors.10.Y et in 826, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structureupright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five meters into the sky—nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later.11.W hen the pagoda reached Japan, however, its architecture was freelyadapted to local conditions—they were built less high,typically five rather than nine storeys, made mainly of wood and the staircase was dispensed with because the Japanese pagoda did not have anypractical use but became more of an art object.12.T he ancient craftsmen, apparently without the assistance of veryadvanced mathematics, seemed to grasp the principles that were,more than a thousand years later, applied in the construction ofJapan’s first skyscraper.13.T he Shibashira, running up through a hole in the centre of thebuilding, constrained individual storeys from moving too far because, after moving a certain distance, they banged into it, transmittingenergy away along the column.14.I t has now reached a point where a growing number of peoplebelieve that it is far too high, and that bringing it down will be one of the great challenges of the twenty first century.15.B reaking away from industrial agriculture as the solution to hungermay be very hard for some countries, but in Britain, where theimmediate need to supply food is less urgent, and the costs and the damage of intensive farming have been clearly seen, it may be more feasible.16.T he socio-economic survey of more than 400 households in thedistrict indicated that a household in Makete spent, on average, seven hours a day on transporting themselves and their goods, a figurewhich seemed extreme but which has also been obtained in surveys in other rural areas in Africa.17.N evertheless, a locally produced wooden wheelbarrow which costsaround 5000 Tanzanian shillings in Makete, and is about one quarter the cost of a metal wheelbarrow, is still too expensive for mostpeople .18.I t would have been easy to criticize the MIRTP for using in the earlyphases a “top-down” approach, in which decisions were made byexperts and officials before being handed down to communities, but it was necessary to start the process from the level of thegovernmental authorities of the district.19.A mong these, the world of the ant has come in for considerablescrutiny lately, and the idea that ants demonstrate sparks of cognition has certainly not been rejected by those involved in these investigations.20.I t was once thought that the fungus that ants cultivate was a singletype that they had propagated, essentially unchanged from thedistant past.21.T he best information on early population movements isnow beingobtained from the “archeology of the living body”, the clues to be found in genetic material.22.A n important project, led by the biological anthropologist RobertWilliams, focused on the variants (called Gmallotypes) of one particular protein—immunoglobin G—found in the fluid portion of human blood.23.T hus, by comparing the Gm allotypes of two different populations(e.g. two Indian tribes), one can establish their genetic “distance”,which itself can be calibrated to give an indication of the length of time since these population last interbred.24.T here are two other kinds of research that have thrown some lighton the origins of the Native American population; they involve the study of teeth and of languages.25.S tudies carried out by Turner of many thousands of New and OldWorld specimens, both ancient and modern, suggest that the majority of prehistoric Americans are linked to Northern Asianpopulations by crown and root traits such as incisor shoveling (ascooping out on one or both surfaces of the teeth), single-rootedupper first premolars and triple-rooted lower first molars.26.G reenberg is in a minority among fellow linguists, most of whomfavor the notion of a great many waves of migration to account for the more than 1,000 languages spoken at one time by AmericanIndians.27.E uropean countries are becoming increasingly concerned by majorthreats to European forests, threats which know no frontiers other than those of geography or climate: air pollution, soil deterioration, the increasing number of forests fires and sometimes even themismanagement of our woodland and forest heritage.28.T his means that a forest policy is vital, that it must transcendnational frontiers and generations of people, and that it must allow for the inevitable changes that take place in forests, in needs, andhence in policy.29.W ith the onset of statehood, however, the state of Alaska took overmanagement of its own fisheries, guided by a state constitutionwhich mandates that Alaska’s natural resources be managed on asustainable basis.30.I t is this management mechanism that has allowed Alaska salmonstocks—and accordingly, Alaska salmon fisheries—to prosper, even as salmon population in the rest of the United States are increasingly considered threatened or even endangered.31.R ecognizing the potential benefits of being identified asenvironmentally responsible, fisheries approach the Council requesting to undergo the certification process.32.T he MSC then appoints a certification committee, composed of apanel of fisheries experts, which gathers information and opinions from fishermen, biologists, government officials, industryrepresentatives, non-governmental originations and others.33.R ather, they contend, it was almost certainly the result of climaticshifts, promoted in part by cumulative effects of the el nino/la nina phenomenon on Pacific Ocean temperatures, culminating in a harsh winter in which huge numbers of salmon eggs were frozen.34.A nd yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust tosleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially “too quiet”, an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels.。
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit10
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit101.For example, a firm enjoying economies of scale—that is, low unitproduction costs due to high volume—does not violate the antitrust laws when it obtains a large market share by charging prices that are profitable but so low that its smaller rivals cannot survive.例如，一个受益于规模经济（即大批量生产降低单位成本）的公司如果将商品价格定的低到有利可图的同时也让其它规模较小的竞争无法在这种价格下生存，最终会使得具备规模经济能力的公司占据大量的市场份额，在这种情况下该公司并没有违背反垄断法。
2.She wished to discard the traditional methods and she wished todiscard established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and she wished to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness.他想要放弃传统技法和诸如芭蕾舞这种由来已久的舞蹈形式，从而去探索人类表现力的内在源泉。
3.Once Chinese immigrants begun to establish nuclear families andChinese immigrants begun to produce a second generation, instituting household production similar to that established by Japanese immigrants, their socioeconomic attainment soon paralleled that of Japanese immigrants and their descendants.一旦中国移民开始组建核心家庭并开始养育第二代移民时，他们就会建立起和日本移民一样的家庭生产模式，他们所取得的社会经济成就很快就会和日本移民及其后代所取得的成就相媲美。
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit5
陈琦戈弋GRE长难句300例unit51.A very specialized feeding adaption in zooplankton is that of thetadpole-like appendicularian who lives in a walnut-sized(or smaller) balloon of mucus equipped with filters that capture and concentrate phytoplankton.浮游生物为了满足某一特定的捕食需求，会做出相应的身体调整。
比如，像蝌蚪一样的尾海鞘纲动物的适应性，这些动物存在于胡桃大小（或更小）的球状粘液中，这个粘液球具有过滤装置，可以捕捉和聚集浮游生物。
2.The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationshipsthat kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels, from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings, made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.正是这种有意义的关系的多样性和复杂性，使得小说在各个层面不断展现与再现这些关系，不管是在抽象的理性层面还是在深刻的感性层面，使得Proust难以连贯的将这些关系展现出来。
3.Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americanshave experienced it, we passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people—a charter minority on our own land.现在，我们也必须用我们墨西哥裔美国人的经历来审视这个文化：我们本来是一个有主权的民族，接着变成了刚刚到此定居者的同胞，最后沦落为一个被征服的民族，变成了自己土地上的特许的少数派。
新东方陈琦老师词汇串讲
新东方陈琦老师词汇串讲新东方陈琦老师词汇串讲渣“事物及其渣”filings n.锉屑, 锉末 shavings n.刮, 修胡须, 削, 刨, 刨花crumb n.碎屑, 面包屑, 少许 vt.搓碎, 弄碎shard 陶瓷碎片splinter 玻璃木头碎片 fragment 骨头碎片 sawdust 锯屑cinder 煤渣dross 浮渣slag 矿渣炉渣火山岩渣 chaff 谷壳糠工具file 锉刀plane 铇子saw 锯wrench 扳手tong 钳子drill 钻床 :bore 钻孔 lathe 车床: shape 成型 bolt 螺钉nut 螺母rivet铆钉riveting 吸引人的seven deadly sins 七宗罪lust 欲望 avarice 贪婪vanity 空虚 sloth 懒惰 gluttony 暴食covetousness 垂涎觊觎 wrath 愤怒seven heavenly virtues 七种美德fortitude 坚韧temperance 节制 prudence 审慎 justice 公正 faith 忠实charity 慈善 hope和音乐有关的词fantasia n.幻想曲capriccio 狂想曲, 随想曲rhapsody 狂想曲 concerto 协奏曲 reverie 幻想曲 serenade 小夜曲sonata 奏鸣曲medley 集成曲，串烧 pastiche 混成曲大杂烩note 音符 bar 音节 phrase乐句 movement 乐章 (依次为组成关系)score 乐谱 overture 序曲 finale 终曲 prelude 前奏 coda 尾声 piano 轻音 forte 重音crescendo 声音渐增 diminuendo 声音渐弱 refrain 副歌 staccato 断音cantata 清唱剧 oratorio 宗教剧 operetta 轻歌剧 melodrama 情节剧farce 闹剧mime 哑剧 pantomime 哑剧soprano 女高音 tenor 男高音(:main point )canary 女歌手 recital 独唱会独奏会rendering 表演翻译描写透视图maestro 艺术大师名作曲家 virtuoso 艺术品鉴赏家ballerina 芭蕾舞女演员 pirouette 芭蕾中的一种旋转minute 小步舞曲 madrigal 情歌小调 ballad 民谣 ditty 小曲小调 harp 竖琴 harpsichord 键琴 bassoon 低音管 tambourine 手鼓铃鼓 violin 小提琴viola 中提琴 cello 大提琴percussionist 打击乐手 horn 喇叭 trumpet 小号scale 音阶由音调 tone组成(spectrum由color组成)『scale的其他意思』n.刻度,衡量,比例,数值范围,比例尺,天平,等级vt.依比例决定,攀登,测量vi.剥落,生水垢,重,攀登,衡量几种人特立独行的人，nonconformist (:norm)iconoclast (:dogma)bohemianmaverick肆意挥霍的人(:squander正面特征)prodigal spendthrift profligate wastrel苦行僧 ascetic stoic(正面特征节制自制) 堕落的人 reprobate 节制自制n.: temperance continence abstinence self-denialsobriety党派成员 partisan和狂热者zealot 正面特征: loyalty allegiance martinet 对纪律严格执行的军官stickler 对事一丝不苟的人purist 纯粹主义者，专指语言学家粗鲁的人粗鄙的人乡土气的人lout churl boor 行为特征为:loutish churlish boorish乡巴佬 yokel 正面特征为:ingenuous dupe文学作品类doggerel 打油诗(:humor informal)sonnet 十四行诗 (:formal)limerick 五行诗 (humor)anthology 文学作品集panegyric颂词赞美诗圣歌 hymn paean psalm anthem (:praise )anathema 诅咒哀歌 elegy dirge (: sorrow) 讽刺作品 lampoon satire趣闻轶事anecdote推理小说mystery (fiction种属关系)告别演说valediction (:farewell ) ode 史诗parody 嘲弄性的模仿作品 (:wit)长篇抨击性演讲 discourse diatribe tirade harangue冗长的演讲screeddiscourse =speech 一般的演讲常考种属关系与水有关的spring 泉水弹簧 glacier冰河bog 沼泽引申为困境 plight: 沼泽同义词: marsh morass quagmire miretributary 支流的distributary 分流支流区别于以下几个词(distribute 分发 attribute 归结为tribute 贡品颂词contribute贡献投稿)creek 小溪小河brook 小溪动词容忍 rapids 急流confluence 汇流河流 meander 蜿蜒而流eddy 漩涡ebb 退潮衰退vortex 漩涡vertex 顶点cascade 小瀑布cataract 大瀑布sediment 沉积物delta三角洲estuary 入海口dredge 挖掘挖掘船silt 淤泥淤沙sluice 水闸levee 防洪堤 (:flood)canal 运河皮skin 皮肤肠衣hide fell 兽皮epidermis 表皮 cuticlemembrane 膜(:cell) rind 厚果皮:orange peel 薄果皮: peach husk 种皮谷物的外壳 hull 种皮bark 树皮carapace 龟壳enamel 牙釉质:tooth群鸟群 flock (静) flight (动)畜群 herd(静) drove(动)狼群 pack (:wolf)强盗群 gang鹅群 gaggle:goose少女群 bevy幼鸟群 brood星座 constellation (:star)暴民rabble (:people)全体教师 faculty (: teachers instructors )一群身份地位显赫的人 galaxy顾客群 clientele平息抚慰assuage placate pacify appease soothe propitiate conciliate pacify allay mollify mitigate煽动激起foment provoke agitate irritate (irrigate灌溉注意区别) peeve vex instigate有“小”特点的词常考小与一般小过失小错误peccadillo lapse foiblecavity 小洞 cavern 大洞hill小山小溪小河creek brook rivulet 小树枝twig小争吵 tiff miff spat squabble skirmish小口吃nibble小口喝 sip少量微量 pittance modicum 小提示 hint inking小步走切碎 mince小饰物 trinket (: jewellery ) 小区别 nuance (: distinction ) 小插图vignette小鹰eaglet : eagle小鹿小羊 fawn小鸟fledgling小鱼 minnow 区别 winnow 扬场: chaff 消除关系小母鸡pullet 区别pulley 滑轮小母马 fillyewe 母羊 pen 母天鹅狼吞虎咽的吃, 暴食(反义 nibble 小口吃)gulp gobble gorge gluttony gluttonize畅饮 (反义 sip )quaff guzzle swill短暂的 ephemeral evanescent transient transitory (: 反义lasting ) 几个以nish结尾的词vanish 上清漆 (:wood 动宾关系)(:有光泽的lustrous glossy 动作及其结果 )给金属抛光 burnish furbish 区别与furnish 供应提供装备布置 tarnish 不及物动词变昏暗 silver tarnishes. garnish 装饰修饰embellish 修饰admonish 警告劝告(:criticize 程度类比)banish 驱逐放逐replenish 再一次充满，补充以aunt结尾的“七仙姑”daunt v.沮丧flaunt 炫耀gaunt 憔悴的haunt v. 萦绕，经常出没jaunt 短途旅行taunt 辱骂嘲弄vaunt 自夸吹嘘与眼睛有关的词pupil 瞳孔 cornea 角膜 lens 晶状体 retina 视网膜 iris 虹膜myopia 近视短见 cataract 白内障 goggle 护目镜 spectacles 眼镜(注意s) spectacle 风景景象 monocle 单片眼镜奉承谄媚flattery n.谄媚恭维话 ( compliment 褒义恭维) 拍马者 sycophant toady 特征:servile 奴性的 obsequious 谄媚的奉承的顺从的动作及其结果—动词:flatter fawn cringe 畏缩，谄媚 grovel adulate (程度最深)几组形近词discrete 离散的不连续的discreet 小心的谨慎的 indiscretion 草率鲁莽prescribe 开处方proscribe 禁止，谴责ingenuous 天真的ingenious 聪明的carve 雕刻切开crave 恳求渴望craven 胆小的胆小鬼反义herocavern 大洞 cavity 小洞latitude 纬度aptitude 能力，倾向，聪明altitude 海拔stimulate 刺激激励 stimulant 刺激物兴奋剂 simulate 模拟emulate 仿效comprehend 理解领悟包括apprehend 领会理解reprehend 责备反驳immortal 不朽的 mortal 凡人，必死的 immoral 不道德的immolate 牺牲献祭各种“笑”giggle chuckle 轻声笑(whisper 轻声说) chortle 咯咯笑大声笑guffaw 哄笑大笑snicker 偷偷笑grin 露齿笑simper 傻笑痴笑胡乱笑 (:babble 胡乱说) smirk 洋洋自得的笑(:smug 动作及其心里感情) ridicule 嘲笑 (scorn sneer scoff jest jeer jibe gibe ) 窒息使窒息 stifle smother suffocate表达不同意disapproval 的心理感情的词有: upbraid 责备 frown scowl 皱眉表达爱的心理感情的词有:embrace 拥抱 kiss caress 爱抚乏味的平淡的 insipid prosaic jejune vapid flat陈词滥调的陈腐的n/adj cliché bromide platitude banal hackneyed偷，窃robbery 抢劫 burglary入室行窃embezzlement 盗用挪用 misappropriatehijack 劫持(运输体)wiretap 窃听plagiarism 剽窃(:idea)kleptomania 盗窃癖―――――mania 癖好狂热，过分热情的人megalomania 自大狂 pyromania 纵火狂 dipsomania 酗酒狂 teetotaler 禁酒主义者不自然的做作的affected mannered stilted artificial stagyhistrionic pretentious studied新手fledgling tyro neophyte novice rookie recruit apprentice药剂analgesic painkiller anodyne 止痛药消除painanesthetic 麻醉剂用来numb 消除sensationantiseptic 杀虫剂用来sterilizeastringent 收缩剂用后结果 contract puckercoagulant 凝结剂用来congeal clot v 凝结血液凝块用后结果 thicken defoliant 落叶剂干掉leavedesiccant 干燥剂用来 drydetergent 清洁剂enzyme 是catalyst的一种emollient 润肤剂用来soothe 结果supple 和润肤剂功能类似的是一堆药膏salve 药膏 unctuous 油质的balm 药膏安慰物 irritant 刺激物ointment 药膏leaven 发酵剂v发酵增加 volume lubricant 润滑剂消除fiction abrasion palliative缓释剂消除symptompesticide 杀虫剂 insecticide干掉insect purgative泻药placebo 安慰剂特点innocuous 无毒的类似的是三个万灵药nostrum panacea elixir 特点假preservative 防腐剂防止decayreagent 试剂sedative 镇静剂tranquillizer 镇定剂用来 pacify 消除drowsy用来 dissolve solvent adj(有偿债能力的溶剂stimulant 兴奋剂 tonic 补品消除lethargic无精打采的 soporific hypnotic narcotic opiate安眠药 sleep vaccine 疫苗增加 immunity dose (药)剂量overdose (药物)过度剂量违背prescription起保护作用的配件helmet 头盔防止 injuryamulet 护身符驱 evilshield 盾牌防止 impactearplug 耳塞防止noiseearmuff 保护earsgoggle 护目镜保护 eyes。
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1.However, none of these high-technology methods are of any valueif the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized.但是，如果这些方法所应用的地点没有被矿化的话那么这些高科技方法就毫无价值。
因此，探索者为了最大化发现矿产的机会，必须对选择最有可能被矿化的地质构成给予特别的关注。
2.Rather，the coincidence of increased United States governmentantidiscrimination pressure in the mid-1960s with the acceleration in the rate of black economic progress beginning in 1965 argues against the community theorists’ view.20世纪60年代中期，美国政府反对歧视的压力不断升高，与此同时，从1965年开始，黑人经济状况改善的步伐越来越快。
确切的说，这两个事件的同时发生违背了连续性理论家的观点。
3.Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for theEnglish—they would rather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity.虽然起初对于英国人来说没有什么正面的吸引力，他们宁愿呆在家里，但是到了18世纪的时候，越来越多的人移民到美国，因为他们将美国视为一片充满机会的土地。
4.Although surveys of medieval legislation, guild organization, andterminology used to designate different medical practitioners have demonstrated that numerous medical specialties were recognized in Europe during the Middle Ages, most historians continue to equate the term “women medical practitioner”, wherever they encounter it in medieval records, with “midwife”.虽然关于中世纪的立法、行会组织和用于命名不同医术人员的术语做了许多调查，而且这些调查证明了中世纪欧洲的许多医学专家都被正式认可，但是大部分历史学家只要在中世纪文献中遇到“女性医护人员”这个术语时，还是会把这个术语等同于“接生婆”。
5.One might conclude that the older labor-intensive machinery stilloperating in United States integrated plants is at fault for the poor performance of the United States industry, but this cannot explain why Japanese integrated producers, who produce a higher-quality product using less energy and labor, are also experiencing economic trouble.或许有人会总结道，老式的、密集劳动型的机制依旧在美国的大型工厂中运作，正是这些机制应该为美国工业不尽人意的表现负责，但是这并不能解释为什么即使日本的一体化生产商可以利用更少的资源与劳力生产出更高质量的产品，但他们也依旧处于经济困难的状态。
6.Moreover，the almost simultaneous abolition of Russian serfdomand United States slavery in the 1960s—a riveting coincidence that should have drawn more modern scholars to a comparative study of the two systems of servitude—has failed to arouse the interest of scholars.更为甚者，俄国农奴制与美国农奴制在19世纪60年代同时被废除。
这个巧合非常有意思，现代学者本应对这两个奴役体系进行比较研究，但是这一巧合并没有引起学者的兴趣。
7.Thomas V Carroll has proposed that the conclusions drawn byprevious researchers are attributable to their myopic focus on the premise that, unless right-to-work laws significantly reduce union membership within a state, they have no effect.Thomas V Carroll认为，先前研究者缺乏远见，认为除非各种禁止公会存在的法律大幅减少某个州的公会人数，否则这些法律无效。
在这种前提下，先前研究者得出了这些结论。
8.The Constitution gives Congress the basic power to declare war, aswell as the authority to raise and support armies and a navy, enact regulations for the control of the military, and provide for the common defense.宪法赋予议会宣战的基本权利，同时还有招募及供养陆军和海军、管理军队的支配和提供共同防御的权利。
9.One argument against my contention asserts that, by nature, textbooks are culturally biased and one argument against my contention asserts that I am simply underestimating children’s ability to see through these biases.一个与我的观点相对立的观点认为教科书本质上都存在文化偏见，而且认为我低估了小孩看穿这些偏见的能力。
10.C ompeting for votes, parties seek to offer different sections of theelectorate what they most want; they do not ask what the majority thinks of an issue, but what policy commitments will sway the electoral decisions of particular groups.为了尽可能多的获得选票，政党尝试着给不同的选民许诺他们最想获得的东西；这些政党并不考虑大部分选民对某个议题的看法，而是考虑什么样的政策许诺能够改变某些特定群体的投票决定。
11.H e insisted that there could be no return to traditional, preindustrial;only by accepting wholeheartedly the political and technological revolutions of the nineteenth century could the architect establish the forms appropriate to a modern, urban society.他坚持认为不可能再回到传统的、前工业化时代的模式；只有全心全意的去接受19世纪的政治和科技革命，建筑师才能建立起适合现代都市社会的模式。
12.T his preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests, may have derivedfrom West African rules governing marriage, which , though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind ofprohibition against unions with close kin.Gutman认为，这种与外族通婚的偏好源自于西非地区在婚姻方面的规定，虽然这类规定在每一个部落都不尽相同，但是所有这些规定都禁止近亲结婚。
13.S uch variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed,excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance in any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.神经细胞在大小、形状、化学性质、传导速度、兴奋阀值及其他类似方面存在差异。
当这些差异与心理体验的诸多方面以可能的方式联系起来时，其重要性仍然微不足道。