How well are we doing Measuring the quality of end-of
初三英语简答试题及答案
初三英语简答试题及答案1. What does the word "environment" mean?Answer: The word "environment" refers to the natural world, including the land, water, air, plants, and animals that surround us.2. How can we protect the environment?Answer: We can protect the environment by reducing pollution, conserving water and energy, recycling, and planting more trees.3. What are the benefits of reading?Answer: Reading can improve vocabulary, enhance comprehension skills, stimulate the imagination, and provide knowledge on various subjects.4. Why is it important to learn English?Answer: Learning English is important because it is a global language, which can help in communication, access to information, and career opportunities.5. What are some ways to improve listening skills in English? Answer: To improve listening skills in English, one canlisten to English songs, watch English movies or shows, practice active listening, and engage in conversations with native speakers.6. How can we reduce waste in our daily lives?Answer: We can reduce waste by using reusable bags, avoiding single-use plastics, composting organic waste, and choosing products with minimal packaging.7. What is the significance of physical exercise?Answer: Physical exercise is significant for maintaining good health, improving mood, reducing stress, and promoting a strong immune system.8. Why should we respect cultural diversity?Answer: Respecting cultural diversity is important because it promotes understanding, tolerance, and appreciation of different perspectives, traditions, and ways of life.9. What are the effects of climate change?Answer: The effects of climate change include rising temperatures, melting ice caps, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and threats to biodiversity.10. How can we contribute to a more inclusive society? Answer: We can contribute to a more inclusive society by promoting equal opportunities, challenging stereotypes, celebrating diversity, and supporting policies that foster inclusivity.。
大学英语四级写作押题-2024年6月
四级写作押题——2024 年6 月议论文——话题类（管理时间的重要性）As we all know, time is eternal while human is mortal. So being precious though, time is relentless to everyone. If you want to spend a meaningful life, you have to learn time management. Just as the saying goes.To choose time is to save time. Firstly, time management saves you much time via figuring out the priority or the most time-consuming task of a day, thus greatly boosting your work efficiency. Secondly, time management enables you to make full use of the fragments of time so that you can get hold of large amounts of information and knowledge. Reciting English words while waiting for a bus is a good example. Last but not least, you will gain self-assurance and elegance from your systematical schedule.In a word, compared with those who have no idea of time management, a person with good time arrangement will have higher work efficiency and an organized life.议论文——现象类（如何解决大学生心理疾病）Mental disease has recently arisen as one of the essential issues which may lead to some severe consequences such as depressive disorder and interpersonal conflicts. Strikingly, this is becoming increasingly common and eye-catching.This phenomenon could be attributed to three reasons. Firstly, facing a great amount of academic pressure, quite a few college students are not able to relieve the severe stress, which could gradually transform into mental disease. Secondly, due to a rapid shift in roles, most students have to take responsibility of taking care of themselves, so it is increasingly challenging for them to deal with all troublesome issues in daily life. Lastly, lacking of interpersonal skills, they may easily get involved in conflicts with others and the resulting chronic unhappiness will finally lead to mental disease.Urgent measures are needed to deal with this severe issue. Courses related to mental health should be well planned and offered on campus which may enable students to be more aware of their psychological states. Moreover, more sports and recreational activities should be launched so as to enrich students’ extracurricular life and provide more opportunities for them to build harmoniousinterpersonal relationship.议论文——谚语类（学习必须循序渐进）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Learning has to be acquired gradually.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of making minute and down-to-earth efforts. You should write at least 120 words, but no more than 180 words.“Learning has to be acquired gradually” is a nice old saying which has proved its meaning by hundred percent. Evidently, it is meant to tell us that we should try our best to seize every minute and study in a down-to-earth manner.Numerous instances can be given to illustrate this point. For one thing, as college students, apart from club activities, social practice and social activities, the time left for us to learn is limited, so we should seize every opportunity to do it well. In other words, we should listen to every lecture carefully and submit our assignments on time and with high quality. For another, only by earnestly completing each small learning task, can knowledge be slowly accumulated and our own learning system be formed.To conclude, step after step the ladder is ascended. If we can turn the proverb into actions, we are more likely to enjoy a more effective way to learn.议论文——话题类（虚拟现实）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on virtual reality. You can start your essay with the sentence “Virtual reality is becoming increasingly popular”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Nowadays, the use of virtual reality is becoming increasingly popular, which has captured wide attention about its benefits and drawbacks. Every coin has two sides. I think that the advantages overweigh the disadvantages.To begin with, virtual reality technology is a computer simulation system that can create andlet us experience the virtual world, which has brought a lot of convenience to our life. For instance, virtual reality can take us to places we can’t reach in real life, such as any domestic and foreign tourist attractions, even outer space, or newly created illusory scenes. This will greatly enrich our imagination and broaden our horizons. Additionally, in fact, virtual reality has been applied in the fields of film and television, education, military and aerospace. The virtual scenes it provides save a lot of real money.All in all, the continuous development of virtual reality opens up a bright future for us. We can enjoy the fruits of this technological advance as long as we can use it reasonably and flexibly.议论文——现象类（学业与兼职的关系）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between studies and part-time jobs. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.There is no doubt that the relationship between studies and part-time jobs can exert a great influence on academic performance and personal growth of the students. And a healthy and positive relationship requires our untiring efforts.On the one hand, as college students, we should understand that the significance of study is above all else. That is to say, we should not allow any other activities to occupy our time in class, and we are also supposed to set aside enough time for self-study. On the other hand, part-time jobs are also very important for college students, which can enrich our resumes. As a result, we’d better find some part-time jobs that are related to our future work direction, preferably with flexible hours.In brief, the key to balancing the relationship between studies and part-time jobs is to strengthen our own time management skills. Only by doing so, can we maintain a healthy and positive study-work relationship, which is beneficial to college students.应用文——电子邮件（邀请外教当辩论赛评委）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an e-mail to invite a foreign teacher in your college to be a judge for the upcoming English debate competition. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Dear Mr. Smith,I am a sophomore student in the School of Foreign Languages. I am writing this email to invite you to be a judge for the upcoming English debate contest.The aims of the contest are twofold. First, students all over the university are offered an opportunity to demonstrate their ability to express their opinions in English. Second, the contest could serve as a forum for students from different background to share their insights and thoughts. The topic of the debate is “Whether people should pursue their dreams at all hazards”. All the contestants will draw lots to be divided into positive side and negative side. After the debate, the on-site audience can vote for their favorite contestants. Finally, the judges will announce the competition results and make comments. The contest would be an off-line event at the International Conference Hall on September 12 from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m.We would be honored if you could attend. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any further question.Sincerely,Li Hua应用文——通知（跳蚤市场）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a notice to inform all the students in your college about the flea market on behalf of the student union. In the notice, you should include time, place and other relevant information about the activity. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.NOTICEThe Student Union is going to organize a flea market activity. The relevant information is as follows.This flea market is open to all students of the college. The goal is to help students who are about to graduate cut down on luggage while allowing lower grade students to buy what they need at below-market prices. For those who want to sell things in the flea market, please come to the Student Union to register before June 10th, and you will be informed of your booth number. For students who want to buy something, please come directly during the activity time. The activity will be held in the Central Plaza from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. on June 15 and 16.Please do not hesitate to consult the Student Union if you have any further question. In addition, all students participating in the activity should take away their own garbage. We look forward to your participation.The Student Union。
【鲁教版】七年级下册：Unit2SectionB练习题（含答案）
【鲁教版】七年级下册：Unit2SectionB练习题（含答案）预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制Unit 2 I'm going to study computer science - Section B一、翻译(单词短语翻译)（共30小题；共30分）1. resolution(n.)2. team3. 外国的4. 能够5. question6. meaning7. 讨论，商量8. 承诺，许诺，诺言9. beginning10. improve11. 身体的；肉体的12. 他（她、它）们自己13. hobby14. weekly15. 学校作业；功课16. 自己的，本人的17. personal18. relationship19. self-improvement20. 能够做某事21. 在……的开始22. 写下，记录下23. 关于，与……有关系24. 学着做，开始做25. make a soccer team26. make a promise27. have something in common28. New Year's resolutions29. different kinds of30. make a weekly plan二、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共7小题；共7分）31. 我将要去学习另一种外语。
I am going to learn .32. 听起来像是一个好计划。
a good plan.33. 你向自己做的承诺就叫计划。
Promises you are resolutions.34. 我们希望我们将会改善我们的生活。
We we are going to .35. 有些人向自己许诺他们要开始一个锻炼计划。
Some people promise that they are going to exercise programme.36. 尽管有不同点，但是大多数的计划都有一个共同点。
英语作文我们在干嘛怎么写
When writing an English essay about what we are doing, you should follow a clear structure that includes an introduction, body, and conclusion. Here is a sample essay to guide you:Title: What Are We Doing?Introduction:In the hustle and bustle of our daily lives, it is essential to take a moment to reflect on our actions and their implications. This essay aims to explore the various activities we engage in and the reasons behind them, ultimately seeking to understand the purpose of our actions.Body Paragraph 1: Personal and Professional PursuitsThe first aspect to consider is our personal and professional lives. Many of us are constantly working towards achieving our goals, whether it is advancing in our careers, pursuing higher education, or developing new skills. This drive for selfimprovement is a fundamental part of human nature, as it allows us to grow and adapt to the everchanging world around us.Body Paragraph 2: Social and Community InvolvementAnother significant area of our lives is our involvement in social and community activities. We engage in various forms of social interaction, from casual conversations with friends to participating in community events and volunteering for charitable causes. These activities not only enrich our lives but also contribute to the wellbeing of society as a whole.Body Paragraph 3: Leisure and RecreationLeisure and recreation are also essential components of our lives. We spend our free time in various ways, such as watching movies, reading books, playing sports, or traveling. These activities provide us with a break from our daily routines, allowing us to recharge and maintain a healthy worklife balance.Body Paragraph 4: Reflection and SelfAwarenessLastly, it is crucial to recognize the importance of reflection and selfawareness in our lives. Taking the time to evaluate our actions and their consequences can lead to personal growth and a deeper understanding of ourselves. This introspection can help us make more informed decisions and lead more fulfilling lives.Conclusion:In conclusion, what we are doing encompasses a wide range of activities, from personaland professional pursuits to social involvement and leisure. Each of these aspects plays a vital role in shaping our lives and contributing to our overall wellbeing. By understanding the purpose behind our actions, we can strive to make the most of our time and lead more meaningful lives.。
中考英语试卷模板
一、听力部分（30分）1. Section A（15分）（1）短对话（每题1分，共5题）A. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer.1. A. He is a teacher. B. He is a student. C. He is a doctor.2. A. She likes apples. B. She likes oranges. C. She likes bananas.3. A. They are going to the park. B. They are going to the library. C. They are going to the supermarket.4. A. She is a teacher. B. She is a doctor. C. She is a nurse.5. A. He will go to school by bus. B. He will go to school by bike. C. He will go to school on foot.（2）长对话（每题2分，共5题）A. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer.6. What is the main topic of the dialogue?A. How to keep healthy.B. The importance of exercise.C. The benefits of a healthy diet.7. Why does the man prefer to exercise in the morning?A. It is cooler in the morning.B. It is easier to wake up in the morning.C. It is more convenient to exercise in the morning.8. What does the woman suggest for a healthy diet?A. Eat more vegetables and fruits.B. Avoid eating too much sugar.C. Drink plenty of water.9. How does the man feel after exercising?A. Tired.B. Energetic.C. Sleepy.10. What is the main purpose of the dialogue?A. To persuade the man to exercise more.B. To provide tips for a healthy lifestyle.C. To discuss the importance of a balanced diet.2. Section B（15分）（1）短文理解（每题2分，共5题）A. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer.11. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of reading.B. The history of books.C. The importance of education.12. Why does the author think reading is important?A. It improves language skills.B. It helps us understand the world.C. It is enjoyable.13. What are the two main types of books mentioned in the passage?A. Fiction and non-fiction.B. Novels and short stories.C. Biographies and travel books.14. How can reading help us?A. It broadens our knowledge.B. It improves our concentration.C. It reduces stress.15. What is the author's conclusion?A. Reading is beneficial for everyone.B. Reading is a waste of time.C. Reading is only for students.二、阅读理解部分（40分）1. 阅读下列短文，根据文章内容，回答问题。
罗宾斯管理学英文版18章
8th edition Steven P. Robbins Mary Coulter
PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All riloyees
Control systems provide managers with information and feedback on employee performance.
Protecting the workplace
Controls enhance physical security and help minimize workplace disruptions.
Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
18–10
Taking Managerial Action
Courses of Action
“Doing nothing”
Only if deviation is judged to be insignificant.
Controlling Organizational Performance
Define organizational performance. Describe the most frequently used measures of organizational performance
Tools for Organizational Performance
The Purpose of Control
To ensure that activities are completed in ways that lead to accomplishment of organizational goals.
TED英语演讲稿：如何让选择更容易_英语演讲稿_
TED英语演讲稿：如何让选择更容易简介：面对商场里五花八门的商品，你的选择恐惧症又犯了吗? 美国哥伦比亚大学商学教授sheena iyengar研究如何让你在做选择时更容易。
为了让你的选择省时省力，商家又会有哪些诀窍呢?do you know how many choices you make in a typical day? do you know how many choices you make in typical week? i recently did a survey with over 2,000 americans, and the average number of choices that the typical american reports making is about 70 in a typical day. there was also recently a study done with ceos in which they followed ceos around for a whole week. and these scientists simply documented all the various tasks that these ceos engaged in and how much time they spent engaging in making decisions related to these tasks. and they found that the average ceo engaged in about 139 tasks in a week. each task was made up of many, many, many sub-choices of course. 50 percent of their decisions were made in nine minutes or less. only about 12 percent of the decisions did they make an hour or more of their time. think about your own choices. do you know how many choices make it into your nine minute category versus your one hour category? how well do you think you're doing at managing those choices?today i want to talk about one of the biggest modern day choosing problems that we have, which is the choice overload problem. i want to talk about the problem and some potential solutions. now as i talk about this problem, i'm going to have some questions for you and i'm going to want to know your answers. so when i ask you a question, since i'm blind, only raise your hand if you want to burn off some calories. (laughter) otherwise, when i ask you a question, and if your answer is yes,i'd like you to clap your hands. so for my first question for you today: are you guys ready to hear about the choice overload problem? (applause) thank you.so when i was a graduate student at stanford university, i used to go to this very, very upscale grocery store; at least at that time it was truly upscale. it was a store called draeger's. now this store, it was almost like going to an amusement park. they had 250 different kinds of mustards and vinegars and over 500 different kinds of fruits and vegetables and more than two dozen different kinds of bottled water -- and this was during a time when we actually used to drink tap water. i used to love going to this store, but on one occasion i asked myself, well how come you never buy anything? here's their olive oil aisle. they had over 75 different kinds of olive oil, including those that were in a locked case that came from thousand-year-old olive trees.so i one day decided to pay a visit to the manager, and i asked the manager, "is this model of offering people all this choice really working?" and he pointed to the busloads of tourists that would show up everyday, with cameras ready usually. we decided to do a little experiment, and we picked jam for our experiment. here's their jam aisle. they had 348 different kinds of jam. we set up a little tasting booth right near the entrance of the store. we there put out six different flavors of jam or 24 different flavors of jam, and we looked at two things: first, in which case were people more likely to stop, sample some jam? more people stopped when there were 24, about 60 percent, than when there were six, about 40 percent. the next thing we looked at is in which case were people more likely to buy a jar of jam. now we see the opposite effect. of the people who stopped when there were 24, only three percent of them actually bought a jar of jam. of thepeople who stopped when there were six, well now we saw that 30 percent of them actually bought a jar of jam. now if you do the math, people were at least six times more likely to buy a jar of jam if they encountered six than if they encountered 24.now choosing not to buy a jar of jam is probably good for us -- at least it's good for our waistlines -- but it turns out that this choice overload problem affects us even in very consequential decisions. we choose not to choose, even when it goes against our best self-interests. so now for the topic of today: financial savings. now i'm going to describe to you a study i did with gur huberman, emir kamenica, wei jang where we looked at the retirement savings decisions of nearly a million americans from about 650 plans all in the u.s. and what we looked at was whether the number of fund offerings available in a retirement savings plan, the 401(k) plan, does that affect people's likelihood to save more for tomorrow. and what we found was that indeed there was a correlation. so in these plans, we had about 657 plans that ranged from offering people anywhere from two to 59 different fund offerings. and what we found was that, the more funds offered, indeed, there was less participation rate.so if you look at the extremes, those plans that offered you two funds, participation rates were around in the mid-70s -- still not as high as we want it to be. in those plans that offered nearly 60 funds, participation rates have now dropped to about the 60th percentile. now it turns out that even if you do choose to participate when there are more choices present, even then, it has negative consequences. so for those people who did choose to participate, the more choices available, the more likely people were to completely avoid stocks or equity funds. the more choices available, the more likely they were to put all their moneyin pure money market accounts. now neither of these extreme decisions are the kinds of decisions that any of us would recommend for people when you're considering their future financial well-being.well, over the past decade, we have observed three main negative consequences to offering people more and more choices. they're more likely to delay choosing -- procrastinate even when it goes against their best self-interest. they're more likely to make worse choices -- worse financial choices, medical choices. they're more likely to choose things that make them less satisfied, even when they do objectively better. the main reason for this is because, we might enjoy gazing at those giant walls of mayonnaises, mustards, vinegars, jams, but we can't actually do the math of comparing and contrasting and actually picking from that stunning display. so what i want to propose to you today are four simple techniques -- techniques that we have tested in one way or another in different research venues -- that you can easily apply in your businesses.the first: cut. you've heard it said before, but it's never been more true than today, that less is more. people are always upset when i say, "cut." they're always worried they're going to lose shelf space. but in fact, what we're seeing more and more is that if you are willing to cut, get rid of those extraneous redundant options, well there's an increase in sales, there's a lowering of costs, there is an improvement of the choosing experience. when proctor & gamble went from 26 different kinds of head & shoulders to 15, they saw an increase in sales by 10 percent. when the golden cat corporation got rid of their 10 worst-selling cat litter products, they saw an increase in profits by 87 percent -- a function of both increase in sales and lowering of costs. you know,the average grocery store today offers you 45,000 products. the typical walmart today offers you 100,000 products. but the ninth largest retailer, the ninth biggest retailer in the world today is aldi, and it offers you only 1,400 products -- one kind of canned tomato sauce.now in the financial savings world, i think one of the best examples that has recently come out on how to best manage the choice offerings has actually been something that david laibson was heavily involved in designing, which was the program that they have at harvard. every single harvard employee is now automatically enrolled in a lifecycle fund. for those people who actually want to choose, they're given 20 funds, not 300 or more funds. you know, often, people say, "i don't know how to cut. they're all important choices." and the first thing i do is i ask the employees, "tell me how these choices are different from one another. and if your employees can't tell them apart, neither can your consumers."now before we started our session this afternoon, i had a chat with gary. and gary said that he would be willing to offer people in this audience an all-expenses-paid free vacation to the most beautiful road in the world. here's a description of the road. and i'd like you to read it. and now i'll give you a few seconds to read it and then i want you to clap your hands if you're ready to take gary up on his offer. (light clapping) okay. anybody who's ready to take him up on his offer. is that all? all right, let me show you some more about this. (laughter) you guys knew there was a trick, didn't you. (honk) now who's ready to go on this trip. (applause) (laughter) i think i might have actually heard more hands.all right. now in fact, you had objectively more informationthe first time around than the second time around, but i would venture to guess that you felt that it was more real the second time around. because the pictures made it feel more real to you. which brings me to the second technique for handling the choice overload problem, which is concretization. that in order for people to understand the differences between the choices, they have to be able to understand the consequences associated with each choice, and that the consequences need to be felt in a vivid sort of way, in a very concrete way. why do people spend an average of 15 to 30 percent more when they use an atm card or a credit card as opposed to cash? because it doesn't feel like real money. and it turns out that making it feel more concrete can actually be a very positive tool to use in getting people to save more.so a study that i did with shlomo benartzi and alessandro previtero, we did a study with people at ing -- employees that are all working at ing -- and now these people were all in a session where they're doing enrollment for their 401(k) plan. and during that session, we kept the session exactly the way it used to be, but we added one little thing. the one little thing we added was we asked people to just think about all the positive things that would happen in your life if you saved more. by doing that simple thing, there was an increase in enrollment by 20 percent and there was an increase in the amount of people willing to save or the amount that they were willing to put down into their savings account by four percent.the third technique: categorization. we can handle more categories than we can handle choices. so for example, here's a study we did in a magazine aisle. it turns out that in wegmans grocery stores up and down the northeast corridor, the magazineaisles range anywhere from 331 different kinds of magazines all the way up to 664. but you know what? if i show you 600 magazines and i divide them up into 10 categories, versus i show you 400 magazines and divide them up into 20 categories, you believe that i have given you more choice and a better choosing experience if i gave you the 400 than if i gave you the 600. because the categories tell me how to tell them apart.here are two different jewelry displays. one is called "jazz" and the other one is called "swing." if you think the display on the left is swing and the display on the right is jazz, clap your hands. (light clapping) okay, there's some. if you think the one on the left is jazz and the one on the right is swing, clap your hands. okay, a bit more. now it turns out you're right. the one on the left is jazz and the one on the right is swing, but you know what? this is a highly useless categorization scheme. (laughter) the categories need to say something to the chooser, not the choice-maker. and you often see that problem when it comes down to those long lists of all these funds. who are they actually supposed to be informing?my fourth technique: condition for complexity. it turns out we can actually handle a lot more information than we think we can, we've just got to take it a little easier. we have to gradually increase the complexity. i'm going to show you one example of what i'm talking about. let's take a very, very complicated decision: buying a car. here's a german car manufacturer that gives you the opportunity to completely custom make your car. you've got to make 60 different decisions, completely make up your car. now these decisions vary in the number of choices that they offer per decision. car colors, exterior car colors -- i've got 56 choices. engines, gearshift -- four choices. so now what i'mgoing to do is i'm going to vary the order in which these decisions appear. so half of the customers are going to go from high choice, 56 car colors, to low choice, four gearshifts. the other half of the customers are going to go from low choice, four gearshifts, to 56 car colors, high choice.what am i going to look at? how engaged you are. if you keep hitting the default button per decision, that means you're getting overwhelmed, that means i'm losing you. what you find is the people who go from high choice to low choice, they're hitting that default button over and over and over again. we're losing them. they go from low choice to high choice, they're hanging in there. it's the same information. it's the same number of choices. the only thing that i have done is i have varied the order in which that information is presented. if i start you off easy, i learn how to choose. even though choosing gearshift doesn't tell me anything about my preferences for interior decor, it still prepares me for how to choose. it also gets me excited about this big product that i'm putting together, so i'm more willing to be motivated to be engaged.so let me recap. i have talked about four techniques for mitigating the problem of choice overload -- cut -- get rid of the extraneous alternatives; concretize -- make it real; categorize -- we can handle more categories, less choices; condition for complexity. all of these techniques that i'm describing to you today are designed to help you manage your choices -- better for you, you can use them on yourself, better for the people that you are serving. because i believe that the key to getting the most from choice is to be choosy about choosing. and the more we're able to be choosy about choosing the better we will be able to practice the art of choosing.thank you very much. (applause)。
心电图检查 试题
Electrocardiography1. Describe the P, QRS, ST, T, and U waves in a general way and the measurement of the heart rate, the PR interval, the QRS width, the QT interval, and their normal values in detail.P waveThe P wave, which represents atrial depolarization, is a small deflection before the QRS complex. The normal values for P wave amplitude and width are described in PR IntervalThe PR interval is measured from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex. The PR interval may vary slightly in different leads, and the shortest PR interval should be noted. The PR interval represents the time it takes for the stimulus to spread through the atria and to pass through the A V junction. (This physiologic delay allows the ventricles to fill fully with blood before ventricular depolarization occurs.) in adults the normal PR interval is between 0.12 and 0.2 second (three to five small boxes). When conduction through the A V junction is impaired, the PR interval may become prolonged. Prolongation of the PR interval above 0.2 second is called first-degree heart block.QRS NomenclatureOne of the most confusing aspects of electrocardiography for the beginning student is the nomenclature of the QRS complex. The QRS complex, as noted previously, represents the spread of a stimulus through the ventricles. However, not every QRS complex contains a Q wave, an R wave, and an S wave; hence the confusion. This bothersome but unavoidable nomenclature becomes understandable if you remember the following: if the initial deflection of the QRS complex is negative (below the baseline), it is called a Q wave. The first positive deflection in the QS complex is called an R wave. A negative deflection following the R wave is called an S wave. Thus this QRS complex contains a Q wave, an R wave, and an S wave. If the entire QRS complex is positive, it is simply called an R wave. However, if the entire complex is negative, it is termed a QS wave (not just a Q wave as you might expect). Occasionally the QRS complex will contain more than two or three deflections, and in such cases the extra waves are called R’ (R prime) waves if they are negative. Shows the various possible QRS complexes and the nomenclature of the respective waves. Note that the capital letters (QRS) are used to designate waves of relatively large amplitude while small letters (qrs) are used to label relatively small waves.This nomenclature is confusing at first, but it allows you to describe any QRS complex over the phone and to evoke in the mind of the trained listener an exact mental picture of the complex named. For example, in describing an ECG you might say that lead V1showed an rS complex (“small r, capital S”) while lead aV F showed a QS wave.QRS Width (Interval)The QRS width represents the time required for a stimulus to spread through the ventricles (ventricular depolarization) and is normally 0.1 second or less. If the spread of stimulus through the ventricles is slowed, for example, by a block in one of the bundle branches, the QRS width will be prolonged.ST SegmentThe ST segment is the portion of the ECG cycle from the end of the QRS complex to the beginning of the T wave. It represents the beginning of ventricular repolarization. The normal ST segment is usually isoelectric (that is, flat on the baseline, neither positive nor negative), but it may be slightly elevated or depressed normally (usually by less than 1 mm). Some pathologic conditions, such as myocardial infarction, produce characteristic abnormal deviations of the ST segment. The very beginning of the ST segment (actually the junction between the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the ST segment) is sometimes called the J point.T WaveThe T wave represents part of ventricular repolarization. A normal T wave has an asymmetric shape; that is, its peak is closer to the end of the wave than to the beginning. When the T wave is positive, it normally rises slowly and then abruptly returns to the baseline. When the T wave is negative, it descends slowly and abruptly rises to the baseline. The asymmetry of the normal T wave contrasts with the symmetry of T waves in certain abnormal conditions, such as myocardial infarction , and high serum potassium (hyperkalemia).QT IntervalThe QT interval is measured from the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave. The QT interval primarily represents the return of the stimulated ventricles to their resting state (ventricular repolarization). The normal values for the QT interval depend on the heart rate. As the heart rate increases (RR interval shortens), the QT interval normally shortens; as the heart rate decreases (RR interval lengthens), the QT interval lengthens.You should measure several QT intervals and use the average value. The QT interval is often difficult to measure when it is long because the end of the T wave may merge imperceptibly with the U wave. As a result you may be measuring the QU interval rather than the QT interval.Because of this problem, another index of the QT has been devised. It is the rate-corrected QT is obtained by dividing the QT that you actually measure by the square root of the RR interval: QR /RR. Normally the QTc is less than 0.44 sec. There are a number of factors that can abnormally prolong the QT interval. For example, certain drugs, such as quinidine and procainamide (Pronestyl, procan SR), and electrolyte disturbances, such as a low serum potassium (hypocalcemia), can prolong the QT interval. The QT interval may also be prolonged with myocardial ischemia and infarction and with subarachnoid hemorrhage. QT prolongation may predispose patients to potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias.The QT interval may also be shortened, for example, by digitalis in therapeutic doses or by hypercalcemia (high serum calcium concentration). The lower limits of normal for the QT interval have not been well defined.U waveThe U wave is a small rounded deflection sometimes seen after the T wave. As noted previously, the exact significance of the U wave is not known. Functionally U waves represent the last phase of ventricular repolarization. Prominent U waves are characteristic of hypokalemia (low serum potassium). Very prominent U waves may also be seen in other settings, for example, in patients taking drugs such as quinidine or one of the phenothiazine, or sometimes after cerebrovascular accidents. The appearance of very prominent U waves in such settings, with or without actual QT prolongation, may also predispose patients to ventricular arrhythmias.Normally the direction of the U wave is the same as the direction of the T wave. Negative U waves sometimes appear with positive T waves. This is abnormal and has been noted in left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial ischemia.2. What are the two simple methods for measuring the heart rate (number of heartbeats per minute) from the ECG?There are two simple methods for measuring the heart rate (number of heartbeats per minute) from the ECG.1.The easier way, when the heart rate is regular, is to count the number of large(0.2 sec) boxes between two successive QRS complexes and divide the constant(300) by this. (the number of large time boxes is divided into 300, because 300 x 0.2 = 60 and we are calculating the heart rate in beats per minute or 60 seconds.)For example, the heart rate is 100 beats/min, since there are three large time boxes between two successive R waves (300 ÷ 3 =100). Similarly, if there are two large time boxes between two successive R waves, the heart rate is 150 beats/min. if there are five intervening large time boxes, the heart rate is 60 beats/min.2.If the heart rate is irregular, the first method will not be accurate since theintervals between QRS complexes will vary from beat to beat. In such cases an average rate can be determined simply by counting the number of cardiac cycles every 6 seconds and multiplying this number by 10. (A cardiac cycles is the interval between two successive R waves.) Counting the number of cardiac cycles every 6 seconds can be easily done because the top of the ECG paper is generally scored with vertical marks every 3 seconds.By definition, a heart rate exceeding 100 beats/min is termed “tachycardia”(tachys, Greek, swift) while one slower than 60 beats/min is called “bradycardia” (bradys, slow). Thus, during exercise you probably develop a sinus tachycardia but during sleep or relaxation your pulse rate may drop into the 50s, or even lower, indication a sinus bradycardia.3. Try to make the diagnoses of following EFG?right atrial enlargement sinus bradycardiaright ventricular hypertrophy evolving anterior wall infarctionright bundle branch block (RBBB);acute anterior wall infarctionpremature atrial contractions (PACS) Multiple infarcts (anterior and inferior wall)Left ventricular hypertrophy Second-degree AV block Mobitz type 1sinus tachycardiaAcute inferior wall infarction premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)atrial flutter WPW(type A ) patternleft atrial enlargemenventricular flutterVentricular fibrillationSecond-degree AV block Mobitz type 2atrial fibrillationleft bundle branch block (LBBB);WPW(type B ) pattern Hyperkalemia。
八上英语第3单元2d
八上英语第3单元2dUnit 3 Our Hobbies and InterestsHobbies and interests play a significant role in our lives. They not only bring us joy and relaxation, but also contribute to our personal growth and development. In this unit, we will explore different hobbies and interests andlearn how they can enrich our lives.Firstly, let's talk about the benefits of having hobbies. Engaging in activities we love can help us relieve stress and improve our mental well-being. For example, if we enjoyplaying musical instruments, we can use music as an outlet to express our emotions and escape from the pressures of daily life. Hobbies can also enhance our creativity and problem-solving skills. When we are passionate about something, wetend to think outside the box and find innovative solutionsto challenges.Next, we will delve into various hobbies and intereststhat students commonly have. Sports, for instance, is apopular choice among young people. Not only does it keep us physically fit, but it also teaches us the values of teamwork, discipline, and perseverance. Many students also engage in artistic activities like painting, drawing, or photography. These hobbies allow us to unleash our creativity and capture the beauty of the world around us.Furthermore, some students find joy in reading books or writing stories. These activities not only expand our knowledge and vocabulary but also improve our language skills. We can travel to different worlds through books and exploreour imagination through writing. Additionally, some studentsenjoy volunteering or participating in social activities. These hobbies provide us with a sense of fulfillment and allow us to make a positive impact on society.In conclusion, hobbies and interests are essential for our overall well-being and personal growth. They bring happiness, reduce stress, and help us discover new talents and skills. Whether it's sports, arts, literature, or community service, finding a hobby that we are passionate about is crucial. Let's embrace our interests and make the most out of them!。
升维思考开好局,降维落实起好步英语作文
升维思考开好局,降维落实起好步英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Scaling Up: Thinking Multidimensionally to Start WellAs students, we're constantly faced with new challenges and opportunities that require us to adapt and grow. One of the most valuable skills we can develop is the ability to think multidimensionally – to see the big picture while also understanding the intricate details that make up that picture. It's a way of thinking that allows us to start well by considering all angles and then make steady progress by breaking down complex tasks into manageable steps.At the heart of multidimensional thinking is the willingness to step back and look at a situation from multiple perspectives. It's about recognizing that there are different layers and dimensions to every problem or goal, and that each of these layers interacts and influences the others. By taking this holistic view, we can better understand the context, identify potential roadblocks, and develop more comprehensive strategies for success.Consider, for example, the process of writing a research paper. At first glance, it may seem like a straightforward task –choose a topic, gather information, and put it all together into a coherent document. But when we think multidimensionally, we realize that there are various dimensions to consider: the academic requirements and expectations, the research methodologies, the organization and structure of the paper, the writing style and tone, and even the personal motivation and time management skills required to see the project through to completion.By acknowledging and addressing each of these dimensions from the outset, we're better equipped to start well. We can ensure that our topic is appropriate and relevant, that our research approach is sound, and that we have a clear plan for organizing and presenting our ideas. At the same time, we can identify potential pitfalls – such as procrastination or a lack of focus – and develop strategies to overcome them before they derail our progress.Thinking multidimensionally isn't just about starting well, though; it's also about maintaining that momentum and making steady progress towards our goals. Here, the key is to breakdown complex tasks into smaller, more manageable steps – a process known as "descending into details."Let's continue with the research paper example. Once we have a solid understanding of the various dimensions involved, we can begin to break down the task into specific steps: developing a thesis statement, creating an outline, conducting research and taking notes, drafting the paper, revising and editing, and so on. By focusing on one step at a time, we can avoid feeling overwhelmed by the overall complexity of the task and make consistent progress towards our end goal.Of course, this process of breaking down tasks into smaller steps isn't always straightforward. Sometimes, we may encounter unexpected challenges or roadblocks that require us to reassess our approach. This is where the multidimensional mindset becomes particularly valuable once again – by stepping back and looking at the situation from multiple angles, we can identify alternative paths forward and adjust our strategies accordingly.Perhaps we discover that our research methodology isn't yielding the desired results, or that our outline needs to be restructured to better support our thesis. By thinking multidimensionally, we can identify these issues early on andmake the necessary adjustments, rather than continuing down a path that may ultimately lead us astray.Multidimensional thinking isn't just a useful skill for academic pursuits, either. It's a valuable mindset that can be applied to virtually any aspect of our lives – from personal relationships and career goals to creative endeavors and problem-solving challenges.Consider the process of building and maintaining healthy relationships. At a surface level, it may seem like a matter of spending time together, communicating openly, and showing care and affection. But when we think multidimensionally, we realize that there are numerous layers and dimensions at play: the individual personalities and backgrounds of those involved, the dynamics of the relationship itself, the external influences and pressures of family, friends, and societal expectations, and the ever-evolving nature of human connections over time.By acknowledging and exploring these various dimensions, we can start well by establishing strong foundations built on mutual understanding, respect, and shared values. We can identify potential challenges or sources of conflict before they escalate, and develop strategies for navigating them in a healthy and constructive manner.From there, we can break down the ongoing work of maintaining and nurturing the relationship into smaller, actionable steps: setting aside dedicated quality time, practicing active listening and open communication, finding ways to support and encourage each other's growth and aspirations, and continuously re-evaluating and adjusting our approach as the relationship evolves.Ultimately, the ability to think multidimensionally and work step-by-step is a powerful combination that can help us achieve success in all areas of our lives. It allows us to start well by considering all angles and developing comprehensive strategies, and then make steady progress by breaking down complex tasks into manageable steps.Of course, developing this mindset and skillset takes practice and dedication. It requires us to be curious, open-minded, and willing to constantly learn and adapt. We must cultivate the habit of stepping back and looking at situations from multiple perspectives, and the discipline to break down tasks into smaller, actionable steps.But the rewards of this approach are well worth the effort. By thinking multidimensionally and working step-by-step, we can tackle even the most complex challenges with confidence andclarity. We can start well, make consistent progress, and ultimately achieve our goals – whether those goals involve academic excellence, professional success, personal growth, or any other aspect of our lives.So, as students and lifelong learners, let us embrace this powerful mindset and approach. Let us strive to see the big picture while also attending to the details. Let us start well by considering all angles, and then make steady progress by breaking down tasks into manageable steps. For it is through this combination of multidimensional thinking and step-by-step action that we can truly unlock our full potential and achieve greatness in all that we do.篇2Thinking Big to Thrive: Embracing Multi-Dimensional MindsetsAs students, we often find ourselves caught in the intricate web of academic pursuits, constantly striving to excel. However, mere academic excellence alone does not guarantee success in the multifaceted world that awaits us. To truly thrive, we must adopt a mindset that transcends the confines of our classroomsand textbooks, a mindset that embraces higher dimensions of thinking.What does it mean to think in higher dimensions? It is the ability to perceive and comprehend the interconnectedness of various aspects of life, to see the bigger picture, and to understand the complex interplay between different spheres of existence. Just as a two-dimensional being cannot fully grasp the concept of depth, we, as three-dimensional beings, often struggle to perceive the higher dimensions that govern our world.Embracing a multi-dimensional mindset is akin to donning a pair of metaphorical glasses that reveal the hidden layers of reality. It empowers us to break free from the shackles of linear thinking and to explore the intricate tapestry of possibilities that lie beyond our immediate perception.One of the most profound benefits of higher-dimensional thinking is its ability to foster innovation and creativity. By transcending conventional boundaries, we can explore uncharted territories, challenge established norms, and conceive of novel solutions to age-old problems. This mindset encourages us to embrace complexity, to seek out patterns and connectionsthat may have eluded us before, and to synthesis disparate ideas into something entirely new.Moreover, a higher-dimensional mindset cultivates resilience and adaptability, qualities that are increasingly crucial in our rapidly changing world. As we navigate the ever-shifting landscapes of technology, global interconnectedness, and societal transformations, the ability to anticipate and respond to change becomes paramount. By considering multiple perspectives and anticipating potential ripple effects, we equip ourselves with the agility to pivot and thrive in the face of uncertainty.Yet, the journey towards higher-dimensional thinking is not without its challenges. It requires us to confront our biases, to question our long-held beliefs, and to embrace the discomfort that often accompanies intellectual growth. It demands that we cultivate an insatiable curiosity, a willingness to learn from diverse sources, and an openness to alternative viewpoints.As students, we have a unique opportunity to nurture this multi-dimensional mindset. Our academic pursuits provide fertile ground for exploration, critical analysis, and intellectual discourse. By engaging with a wide range of subjects, from the sciences to the humanities, we can begin to forge connectionsbetween seemingly disparate fields, igniting our minds with the sparks of interdisciplinary insights.However, it is crucial to recognize that higher-dimensional thinking is not a destination, but rather a continuous journey. Even as we strive to elevate our perspectives, we must remain grounded in the realities of our immediate surroundings. This is where the art of "executing with lower dimensions" comes into play.Executing with lower dimensions entails translating our lofty ideas and grand visions into actionable steps that can be implemented in the tangible world. It involves breaking down complex concepts into manageable tasks, establishing clear goals, and developing practical strategies to achieve them. Just as a sculptor must chisel away at the stone to reveal the masterpiece within, we must navigate the intricacies of our daily lives, attending to the details that ultimately shape our broader aspirations.This process of execution requires discipline, perseverance, and a willingness to embrace the mundane. It demands that we confront the obstacles and challenges that inevitably arise, and find creative ways to overcome them. It is a testament to ourcommitment and resilience, as we persistently chip away at our goals, one step at a time.Yet, the true power of executing with lower dimensions lies in its ability to bridge the gap between theory and practice. It allows us to test our ideas in the crucible of reality, to refine and adapt them based on feedback and experience. This iterative process not only enhances our understanding but also fosters a sense of ownership and accountability, as we witness the tangible impact of our efforts.Furthermore, executing with lower dimensions cultivates a sense of humility and respect for the complexities of the world around us. It reminds us that even the grandest of visions must be grounded in practicality and that true progress often lies in the accumulation of small, incremental steps.As we navigate the realms of higher-dimensional thinking and lower-dimensional execution, it is essential to strike a delicate balance. We must resist the temptation to become lost in the abstract, detached from the realities that shape our everyday lives. Conversely, we must not become so mired in the details that we lose sight of the broader context and purpose that guide our actions.The true power lies in the synthesis of these two approaches, the harmonious interplay between the visionary and the pragmatic. By embracing higher-dimensional thinking, we expand our horizons, challenge our assumptions, and ignite our imaginations. By executing with lower dimensions, we ground our ideas in reality, refining and honing them through practical application.As students, we stand at the precipice of a vast andever-changing world, brimming with opportunities and challenges. By cultivating a mindset that transcends the constraints of conventional thinking and embracing the art of execution, we equip ourselves with the tools to navigate this complex landscape with confidence and resilience.In the end, our success will not be measured solely by our academic achievements, but by our ability to think boldly, act purposefully, and leave an indelible mark on the world around us. Let us embrace the higher dimensions of thought and the lower dimensions of action, for it is in this harmonious dance that we will find the keys to unlock our full potential and shape a future that reflects the boundless depths of our aspirations.篇3Upgrading Our Thinking to Set a Positive Trajectory, Downgrading Our Actions for Steady ProgressAs students, we're often caught up in the whirlwind of academic pressures, social expectations, and personal ambitions. It's easy to get swept away by the currents of life, drifting aimlessly without a clear sense of direction. However, I've come to realize that the key to navigating these turbulent waters lies in striking a delicate balance between elevated thinking and grounded action. By upgrading our thought processes to chart an inspiring course, while simultaneously downgrading our actions to take measured steps, we can unlock a world of possibilities and forge a path toward enduring success.In the realm of academics, it's imperative that we cultivate a growth mindset – a mindset that embraces challenges as opportunities for learning and growth. Too often, we allow ourselves to be constrained by self-imposed limitations, convincing ourselves that certain subjects or concepts are beyond our grasp. However, by shifting our perspective and recognizing that intelligence is malleable, we can transcend these mental barriers and unlock our full potential.Envision yourself as a student who approaches each lesson, each assignment, with a spirit of curiosity and a thirst forknowledge. Instead of viewing a challenging concept as an insurmountable obstacle, perceive it as a puzzle to be solved, a riddle to be unraveled. Approach your studies with an open mind, willing to explore new ideas and perspectives, and you'll find that the very subjects that once seemed daunting become fascinating avenues for intellectual growth.But upgrading our thinking isn't limited to the classroom; it extends into every aspect of our lives. Consider our relationships with peers, mentors, and loved ones. By adopting a mindset of empathy and understanding, we can forge deeper connections and navigate even the most complex interpersonal dynamics with grace and wisdom.Imagine yourself as a student who actively listens to others, seeking to comprehend their perspectives and experiences without judgment. Envision yourself as someone who embraces diversity, recognizing that each individual brings a unique set of strengths and insights to the table. By cultivating this elevated mindset, we can build bridges of trust and create an environment where everyone feels valued and supported.Yet, as crucial as it is to upgrade our thinking, we must also recognize the importance of downgrading our actions – of taking a step back and focusing on the fundamentals. Too often,we find ourselves caught up in the pursuit of lofty goals, attempting to conquer mountains before we've mastered the art of scaling hills. It's in these moments that we must remind ourselves to embrace a spirit of patience and perseverance, understanding that true mastery is achieved through a series of small, deliberate steps.Envision yourself as a student who approaches each task, each assignment, with a methodical and disciplined mindset. Break down complex problems into manageable components, tackling them one at a time with unwavering focus and determination. Celebrate the small victories along the way, using them as stepping stones toward greater achievements.By downgrading our actions and embracing a mindset of steady progress, we cultivate the resilience and grit necessary to overcome obstacles and weather the inevitable storms that life will bring our way. It's in these moments of adversity that our commitment to incremental improvement will shine brightest, propelling us forward with unwavering determination.But the true power of this balanced approach lies in its ability to transcend the boundaries of our academic pursuits and shape our entire lives. Imagine yourself as a student who approaches personal growth and self-discovery with the samebalanced mindset. Envision lofty goals and aspirations, fueled by a deep understanding of your values and passions, while simultaneously taking small, consistent steps toward their realization.Upgrade your thinking by exploring new hobbies, embracing intellectual curiosity, and seeking out experiences that challenge your worldview. Downgrade your actions by cultivating healthy habits, practicing mindfulness, and prioritizing self-care. By striking this delicate balance, you'll cultivate a sense of fulfillment and well-being that will serve as a foundation for all your future endeavors.As we prepare to embark on the next chapter of our lives, whether that be further education, a career, or the pursuit of personal passions, it's essential that we embrace this balanced approach. Upgrade your thinking to chart an inspiring course, one that resonates with your deepest values and aspirations. Simultaneously, downgrade your actions, taking steady, measured steps toward the realization of your goals.Imagine yourself as a student who approaches life with a sense of purpose and intention, guided by a clear vision yet grounded in a commitment to steady progress. Envision the challenges and obstacles that lie ahead, and instead of shrinkingaway in fear, embrace them as opportunities for growth and self-discovery.By striking this delicate balance, we unlock a world of possibilities, a world where our dreams and aspirations are not mere fantasies but tangible realities waiting to be manifested through our unwavering dedication and perseverance.So, fellow students, let us embrace this balanced approach, upgrading our thinking to set an inspiring trajectory, while simultaneously downgrading our actions to take steady, purposeful steps toward our goals. For it is in this harmonious dance between elevated thought and grounded action that we will find the keys to unlocking our full potential and crafting a life of enduring fulfillment and success.。
管理英语4 unit3边学边练
管理英语4 unit3边学边练全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Unit 3 of Management English 4 focuses on various aspects of leadership and management within organizations. In this unit, students will learn about different leadership styles,decision-making processes, and effective communication strategies. Through a combination of theoretical study and practical exercises, students will develop the skills necessary to excel in leadership roles in the business world.One key concept covered in this unit is the importance of understanding different leadership styles and when to apply them. From autocratic leadership to democratic leadership, students will explore the strengths and weaknesses of each style and learn how to adapt their approach based on the situation at hand. Through case studies and role-playing exercises, students will have the opportunity to practice implementing different leadership styles and receive feedback on their performance.Another crucial topic covered in Unit 3 is thedecision-making process. Students will learn about the variousfactors that influence decision-making within organizations, such as risk tolerance, time constraints, and the availability of information. Through group discussions and simulation exercises, students will practice making strategic decisions in a team setting and learn how to evaluate the outcomes of their choices.Effective communication is also a key focus of this unit, as successful leaders must be able to clearly convey their ideas and inspire their team members. Students will learn about the different communication styles used in the workplace, including verbal and non-verbal communication, as well as the importance of active listening. Through role-playing exercises and written assignments, students will develop their communication skills and learn how to tailor their message to different audiences.Overall, Unit 3 of Management English 4 provides students with the knowledge and skills necessary to excel as leaders within organizations. By studying different leadership styles, mastering the decision-making process, and honing their communication skills, students will be well-equipped to tackle the challenges of the business world and achieve success in their careers.篇2Management English 4 Unit 3: Learning and Practicing SimultaneouslyIn Unit 3 of Management English 4, we delve into the importance of learning and practicing simultaneously. This unit is designed to help learners enhance their English language skills while also developing their management knowledge and skills. By combining these two elements, students can improve their ability to communicate effectively in a business environment while also gaining the necessary tools to excel in a managerial role.One key aspect of this unit is the focus on vocabulary related to management and business. Students will learn a variety of terms and phrases that are commonly used in the workplace, such as "strategic planning," "team dynamics," and "performance evaluation." By studying and practicing these terms in context, learners will be better equipped to navigate the complexities of the business world and communicate their ideas effectively.In addition to vocabulary, Unit 3 also covers key concepts and theories related to management. Students will explore topics such as leadership styles, decision-making processes, and organizational structures. By understanding these core principles,learners can develop a deeper understanding of how businesses operate and the strategies that managers use to drive success.One of the unique aspects of Unit 3 is the emphasis on practical application. Throughout the unit, students will engage in a variety of activities and exercises that require them to put their knowledge into practice. For example, students may be asked to participate in role-playing scenarios where they must negotiate with colleagues or give a presentation to a team of executives. By actively participating in these activities, learners can improve their confidence and communication skills while also reinforcing their understanding of key management concepts.Another important component of Unit 3 is the focus on language skills development. Throughout the unit, students will have the opportunity to practice their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in a business context. By engaging in activities such as listening to podcasts, participating in group discussions, reading case studies, and writing reports, learners can improve their overall language proficiency while also gaining valuable insights into the world of business.Overall, Unit 3 of Management English 4 offers a unique and comprehensive approach to learning and practicingmanagement skills in English. By combining language learning with management theory and practical application, students can enhance their communication skills, deepen their understanding of key management concepts, and develop the confidence and expertise needed to succeed in a business environment. Whether you are a student looking to improve your English language skills or a professional seeking to enhance your managerial abilities, Unit 3 provides a valuable learning experience that will benefit you in your career and beyond.篇3Title: Study and Practice Along the Way - Management English 4 Unit 3Introduction:In Management English 4 Unit 3, we delve into the topic of leadership and organizational culture. This unit explores the qualities of effective leaders, the importance of shaping organizational culture, and the role of communication in leadership. By studying and practicing the concepts in this unit, you will enhance your understanding of leadership and develop your skills as a future manager.Effective Leadership Qualities:One of the key topics covered in Unit 3 is the qualities of effective leaders. Effective leaders possess a combination of personal traits, such as integrity, empathy, and resilience, as well as skills, including decision-making, communication, and teamwork. Through case studies and discussions in class, you will have the opportunity to analyze different leadership styles and learn from real-world examples of successful leaders.Shaping Organizational Culture:Another important aspect of leadership is shaping organizational culture. Organizational culture refers to the values, beliefs, and behaviors that define a company's identity. Leaders play a crucial role in shaping and maintaining a positive organizational culture that promotes innovation, collaboration, and employee engagement. In this unit, you will learn strategies for building a strong organizational culture and fostering a sense of belonging among employees.Communication in Leadership:Effective communication is essential for successful leadership. Leaders must be able to clearly articulate their vision, motivate their team, and resolve conflicts within the organization. Through role-playing exercises and group discussions, you will practice different communication techniques and enhance yourinterpersonal skills as a leader. By improving your communication skills, you will be better equipped to lead and inspire others in your future managerial roles.Conclusion:In conclusion, Management English 4 Unit 3 provides valuable insights into the world of leadership and organizational culture. By studying and practicing the concepts in this unit, you will develop the skills and knowledge necessary to become a successful manager. Remember to apply the lessons learned in class to real-world situations and continue to refine your leadership capabilities. With dedication and hard work, you can become a confident and effective leader in the business world.。
外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册精品课件 Unit 6 Section C
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer. 1.If you live on the Great Barrier Reef,how can you report back your findings? √A.Via weekly blogs. B.Via photos on the computer. C.Via telephones. D.Via an express company. 2.How large is the Great Barrier Reef? rger than Japan. B.About the same as outer space. C.About 25 million square meters. √D.About the size of Japan.
目录索引
Part 1 Part 2
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 What's the main idea of the passage? √A.An introduction to the “best” job in the world. B.A suggestion for applying for a job. C.Tips for an island caretaker. D.Duties of an island caretaker.
3.What did Ben mean by saying “not as the 'best',but the 'busiest job in the world'”? A.He didn't love the job actually. B.He thought it was too busy a job. √C.He meant it was not a simply common job. D.He wanted to advertise for one to replace him. 4.What is the most important thing that we can do for the Great Barrier Reef? A.To work and accommodate on the island. √B.To make people know the beauty there and protect it. C.To advertise to employ more and more employees. D.To give Ben more salary to make him adapt there.
如何把事情做好的英语作文
In the grand tapestry of life, the art of doing things well is a skill that is both revered and sought after. Its not just about the end result, but the journey and the process that leads to it. My personal experiences have taught me that there are several key ingredients to mastering this art.Firstly, the foundation of doing things well lies in setting clear and achievable goals. I remember the time when I was tasked with organizing a school event. Without a clear vision, the project seemed overwhelming. But once I set specific objectives, such as the date, budget, and the number of attendees, the path forward became much clearer. This clarity not only guided my actions but also helped me to prioritize tasks effectively.Secondly, preparation is the cornerstone of success. I once had to prepare for a debate competition. The weeks leading up to the event were filled with research, practice sessions, and refining arguments. The more I prepared, the more confident I became. When the day of the competition arrived, my thorough preparation allowed me to think on my feet and respond to unexpected challenges with ease.Another crucial aspect is the ability to learn from mistakes. I recall a science project that didnt go as planned. The experiment failed, but instead of being disheartened, I took it as an opportunity to learn. I analyzed what went wrong, consulted with my teacher, and made adjustments. The next attempt was more successful, and the experience taught me the value of resilience and adaptability.Time management is also a vital skill. Balancing schoolwork, extracurricular activities, and personal time can be challenging. Ive found that creating a schedule and sticking to it helps to ensure that I allocate sufficient time to each task. This discipline has not only improved my productivity but also reduced stress.Moreover, collaboration is often the key to doing things well. In a group project for a history assignment, we had diverse opinions and approaches. By working together, respecting each others ideas, and combining our strengths, we produced a comprehensive and wellresearched report that received high praise from our teacher.Continuous learning and selfimprovement are also essential. Ive always been an avid reader and learner. Whether its a new language, a musical instrument, or a sport, I believe that the pursuit of knowledge and skills is a lifelong journey. This mindset has not only enriched my life but also equipped me with a diverse skill set.Lastly, maintaining a positive attitude and a strong work ethic are the driving forces behind doing things well. Ive noticed that when I approach tasks with enthusiasm and a willingness to put in the effort, the results are usually better. Even when faced with setbacks, a positive outlook helps me to persevere and find solutions.In conclusion, doing things well is a multifaceted endeavor that requires a combination of clear goals, thorough preparation, learning from mistakes, effective time management, collaboration, continuous learning, and apositive attitude. These experiences have not only shaped me as a student but also as an individual who strives for excellence in all aspects of life.。
端午节包粽子的英文作文
端午节包粽子的英文作文Title: The Symphony of Zongzi: A Culinary Overture of Tradition and CultureIn the grand orchestra of Chinese festivals, the Dragon Boat Festival, or Duanwu Jie, stands as a vibrant movement punctuated by the celebratory note of zongzi—pyramid-shaped glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves. This essay unravels the culinary symphony of making zongzi, exploring its techniques, cultural significance, and the harmonious blend of flavors that make this delicacy a resonant symbol of tradition and communal celebration.The overture of this culinary symphony introduces the preparation of zongzi's primary materials—the selection of glutinous rice, the variety of fillings, and the choice of bamboo leaves for wrapping. Each ingredient is a carefully picked note in the composition, with the rice representing the consistent base melody, the fillings adding distinctive counterpoints, and the bamboo leaves contributing a natural resonance that ties the whole together. The process of soaking, washing, and steaming the ingredients before assembly is akin to the meticulous tuning of instruments before a performance, ensuring that every element is ready to contribute to thesymphony.As the symphony progresses into the allegro of assembly, the techniques of crafting zongzi come to the fore. The art of folding the bamboo leaves into a cone, measuring the precise amount of rice and fillings, and securing the packets with strings requires a choreographed coordination of hands akin to a virtuoso pianist's fingers dancing across the keys. The sequence of steps—layering the ingredients, folding the leaves, and tying the strings—forms a rhythmic pattern that is both methodical and creative, allowing for personal touches that reflect individual styles and regional variations.Delving deeper into the symphony, the andante of cooking unfolds, where zongzi are either boiled or steamed to perfection. This slow movement is a time for patience and attentiveness, as the heat seeps into the layers of bamboo leaves, transforming the raw ingredients into a melded masterpiece. The gentle simmer or the soft hiss of the steamer creates an atmosphere of anticipation, much like the hushed silence before a symphony's crescendo, filled with the promise of sensory delight.Towards the finale, the agitato of cultural significance emerges, revealing the stories and traditions woven into thefabric of this dish. Zongzi commemorates the ancient poet Qu Yuan, whose patriotic fervor became emblematic of Chinese national identity. The making and sharing of zongzi during Duanwu Jie become a resonant chord that reverberates through history, connecting contemporary practitioners with their ancestors and fellow celebrants across the globe. This movement is a poignant reminder of the power of food to serve as a conduit for cultural heritage and social cohesion.The symphony of zongzi culminates with the splendid consumption of these parcels, a majestic finale that highlights the complexity and harmony of flavors achieved through the alchemy of cooking. The interplay between the fragrant bamboo, the sticky sweetness of the rice, and the savory tang of the fillings creates a symphonic gustatory experience that lingers like a beautiful melody. As we partake in this dish, we join in the age-old chorus of tradition, upholding a culinary custom that transcends linear time and geographical boundaries.In conclusion, the making of zongzi is not merely the preparation of a dish; it is a multifaceted symphony that celebrates craftsmanship, cultural heritage, and community. Like any great musical composition, the beauty of zongzi liesin its ability to engage all the senses while connecting us to something larger than ourselves. As this culinary overture concludes with the enjoyment of these aromatic bundles, we are reminded that the most profound melodies are those that resonate with tradition, uniting us in a shared appreciation for the rich tapestry of human culture.。
2023-2024学年辽宁省沈阳市皇姑区七年级(上学期)开学英语试卷(含解析)
2023-2024学年辽宁省沈阳市皇姑区七年级（上）开学英语试卷一、选择题。
1．（1分）Tom wants to be ____English teacher some day．（）A．a B．an C．the D．/2．（1分）— Is this pen______ ，Tina？— No，it isn't.It's Linda's.（）A．you B．yours C．your D．yourself3．（1分）﹣﹣______________is it from your house to your school？﹣﹣It is about five minutes' walk.A．How long B．How far C．How many D．How often4．（1分）I am ______.I want to eat some bread.（）A．hungry B．thirsty C．short D．tall5．（1分）Sam________goes to bed early every evening so that he can keep healthy.（）A．always B．sometimes C．never D．seldom6．（1分）Last year，he ______ to Beijing for holiday with his parents.（）A．will go B．go C．went D．goes7．（1分）Jane likes reading books ______ she can know about a lot of things and places.（）A．because B．until C．though D．before8．（1分）Mum，may I wear this new to the party tonight？（）A．skirt B．balloon C．fan D．flag9．（1分）﹣______ is the man in a white T﹣shirt？﹣He is our Maths teacher.（）A．Which B．Who C．Where D．How10．（1分）﹣Your handwriting is so nice!﹣______.（）A．That's all right B．You're welcomeC．Thank you D．Don't mention it二、补全对话。
打扫社区的作文英语初一
Cleaning up the community is an activity that I believe every student should engage in at least once. Its not just about keeping our surroundings neat and tidy, but its also a way to contribute to the wellbeing of our community and the environment. Heres my story about a community cleaning event that I participated in.It was a Saturday morning, and the sun was shining brightly. I woke up early, excited about the community cleanup event that was organized by our school. The event was aimed at not only cleaning up our local park but also raising awareness about the importance of environmental protection.As I arrived at the park, I saw a group of students, teachers, and even some parents gathered with brooms, trash bags, and gloves. We were all wearing our school uniforms, and there was an air of camaraderie and enthusiasm among us. Our school principal gave a brief speech about the importance of our role as responsible citizens and the impact our actions can have on the environment.We were divided into smaller groups, each assigned a specific area of the park to clean. My group was tasked with cleaning the playground area. As we started picking up litter, I was surprised to see how much trash was there plastic bottles, candy wrappers, and even some old toys. It was a stark reminder of how careless some people can be with their waste.Working together, we filled several trash bags with garbage. It felt satisfying to see the playground becoming cleaner and more inviting. We also noticed that some of the benches were covered in graffiti, so we usedpaint and brushes to cover it up and give the benches a fresh look.After a couple of hours, the entire park looked much better. The grass was free of litter, the benches were clean, and the playground was ready for children to play on. We all gathered at the end of the event to share our experiences and take a group photo. It was a moment of pride and accomplishment for all of us.Participating in the community cleanup event taught me several valuable lessons. First, it showed me that even small actions can make a big difference. By picking up trash and cleaning the park, we were able to improve the quality of our environment and make it a better place for everyone.Second, it reinforced the idea that we all have a responsibility to take care of our surroundings. Its not just the job of the local government or sanitation workers its something that each of us should be actively involved in.Lastly, the event also highlighted the importance of teamwork and community spirit. Working together with my classmates, teachers, and parents, we were able to achieve a common goal and make a positive impact on our community.In conclusion, cleaning up the community is an activity that I would highly recommend to all students. Its a great way to learn about the importance of environmental protection, develop a sense of responsibility, andexperience the joy of working together towards a common goal. Lets all do our part in keeping our communities clean and beautiful.。
端午节作文七年级下册英语
端午节作文七年级下册英语Title: The Dragon Boat Festival: A Voyage into Tradition As the calendar flips its pages to May and June, a festive mood starts to encompass the air in China, for the Dragon Boat Festival, also known as the Duanwu Festival, is just around the corner. This celebration, which falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, is not only a time of festivity but also an opportunity to delve into a rich tapestry of history and tradition. As a seventh grader, I have been fortunate enough to learn about this festival's customs in school, and I've come to appreciate it as more than just a holiday—it's an educational journey into my cultural heritage.The Dragon Boat Festival traces its origins back to ancient times, with stories that vary across regions but converge on themes of honoring ancestors and ward off evils. One of the most famous tales is that of Qu Yuan, a poet and statesman who drowned himself in a river to protest against corruption. The local people rushed to the water in their boats, splashing their oars to scare away fish from his body, and threw zongzi (sticky rice dumplings) into the water to feed him. This act of remembrance has transcended centuries, becoming a symbol of patriotism and a reminder of the virtues of loyalty andintegrity.Our classroom has been adorned with vibrant artworks depicting dragon boats with their striking heads carving through the waves, and the aroma of zongzi wafts through as we engage in cooking classes to learn how to craft these delicacies. The process of making zongzi is an art form; folding the bamboo leaves just right, measuring the right amount of rice and filling, then binding them securely requires patience and care—attributes we are encouraged to cultivate both in and out of the classroom.Apart from feasting on zongzi, we also get to taste real bits of history through other traditional foods like salted duck eggs and congee. These dishes are not merely foods; they are a connection to the past, a way of preserving culture through flavors. Tasting them in school gives us a tangible sense of heritage, making history less abstract and more accessible.One of the most thrilling aspects of the Dragon Boat Festival is, of course, the dragon boat races. Although we may not participate in the actual racing, our sports classes take on a new energy during this time. We learn about teamwork and synchronization as we simulate the rowing motions, understanding the power of unity that drives the boatsforward. It's a period where the spirit of competition blends with camaraderie, teaching us lessons that extend beyond the race track and into life.In addition to these hands-on experiences, our English classes have become a forum for discussion about the significance of festivals like Duanwu internationally. We explore how different cultures celebrate their heritage and the common threads that bind us together in our respect for tradition and history. Through comparative essays and debates, we're learning to articulate our thoughts in English while gaining a global perspective on cultural celebrations.The Dragon Boat Festival is a vivid example of how traditions can be kept alive in the hearts and minds of the younger generation. By experiencing the festival firsthand and learning about its historical significance, I, along with my classmates, am enriched with a sense of identity and continuity. This festival is not a static page in a history book; it's a living chapter we are writing together, passing down stories and flavors from generation to generation.In conclusion, as the Dragon Boat Festival approaches, it brings with it an opportunity for me to engage with my cultural roots in an interactive and educational setting. It's areminder that traditions are not mere relics of the past but are very much alive in our classrooms, our communities, and in our hearts. Through celebrating the Duanwu Festival, we are not just commemorating a historical event; we are partaking in a joyful voyage that sails through the rivers of time, connecting us to our past while steering towards the future.。
这样做 值得英语作文提纲
这样做值得英语作文提纲Is It Worth It?In the vast tapestry of life, we are constantly faced with choices that shape our paths and determine our destinies. Among these choices, one of the most pivotal is whether or not to pursue a certain endeavor. Whether it be a new career, a challenging hobby, or a personal goal, we often find ourselves weighing the potential benefits and risks before making a decision.When contemplating whether or not to embark on a particular venture, it is essential to consider the inherent value of the pursuit. Some endeavors may bring immediate gratification, while others require sustained effort and sacrifice before yielding their rewards. It is important to align our aspirations with our core values and long-term goals to ensure that the pursuit is meaningful and worthwhile.Furthermore, we must assess the potential impact of the endeavor on our lives. Does it align with our current commitments and responsibilities? Will it enhance our well-being and personal growth? It is crucial to consider not only the immediate consequences but also the long-term implications to make an informed decision.Financial considerations often play a significant role in our decision-making process. While financial gain should not be the sole motivator, it is important to be realistic about the potential costs and returns of the endeavor. Can we afford the investment of time, money, and energy required? Will the potential financial rewards outweigh the sacrifices we must make?Beyond financial considerations, we must also evaluate the opportunity cost of pursuing a particular endeavor. By choosing one path, we are implicitly giving up other potential opportunities. It is important to carefully consider the trade-offs involved and ensure that thepursuit we choose is the one that will yield the greatest overall value and satisfaction.In addition to the objective factors discussed above, personal motivations and aspirations also play a vital role in our decision-making. Do we have a genuine passion for the endeavor? Does it ignite our curiosity and inspire us to push our limits? When driven by intrinsic motivation, we are more likely to persevere through challenges and ultimately achieve our goals.It is also important to recognize that not all endeavors are destined for success. Some pursuits may lead to disappointment or failure. However, even in the face of setbacks, the experience gained and the lessons learned can be invaluable in shaping our future choices and growth.Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to pursue a particular endeavor is a complex one that requires careful consideration of a wide range of factors. By thoroughly evaluating the potential benefits, risks, and implications, we can increase our chances of making an informed choice that aligns with our values and aspirations.Remember, the pursuit should not be solely driven by external rewards or expectations. True worthiness lies in the intrinsic value, personal growth, and fulfillment we derive from the journey itself. As the Roman philosopher Seneca once said, "It is not that we have so little time, but that we lose much of it." May we all have the wisdom to choose pursuits that are truly worthy of our precious time and energy.。
八年级英语学科前沿技术应用单选题40题
八年级英语学科前沿技术应用单选题40题1. We can communicate with people around the world easily through the Internet, but we should be careful of _____.A. information safetyB. information safetiesC. informations safetyD. informations safeties答案：A。
“information”是不可数名词，没有复数形式，“safety”是名词“安全”，“information safety”表示“信息安全”。
B 选项“safeties”错误；C 选项“informations”错误；D 选项“informations”和“safeties”均错误。
2. With the development of technology, many new apps _____ to help us study better.A. are developedB. developC. were developedD. will develop答案：A。
“apps”和“develop”之间是被动关系，且句子是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态“are developed”。
B 选项是主动语态，不符合句意；C 选项是一般过去时的被动语态，时态不符；D 选项“will develop”是一般将来时，时态不符。
3. The smart phone has changed our lives greatly. It makes it _____for us to get information.A. easyB. easierC. easiestD. the easiest答案：B。
“make + it + 形容词比较级”表示“使……更……”，这里有和过去对比的意思，所以用比较级“easier”。
天津市六校2024_2025学年高一英语上学期期末考试试卷含解析
C．it; you to help D．it; your helping
9．The government has taken some measures to solve the shortage of electricity, but it will be some time_________ the situation improves.
A．scene B．scenery
C．sight D．view
13．— Do you know _________ made him successful in his career?
— Yes. His hard work and strong will, of course.
A．what it was that B．what was it that
My heart was filled with ___35_____ knowing I had done something that was passed on right where it was meant to go.
16．A．turned B．gave C．hurried D．put
17．A．rough B．direct C．broad D．shallow
18．A．opinion B．view C．attitude D．thought
19．A．designed B．known C．punished D．praised
20．A．what B．that C．which D．how
21．A．never B．seldom C．almost D．always
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―Best practices‖
Procedures and rules that lead to better care Examples:
» One hospital uses a pain assessment form as part of the admissions process, ensuring that all new patients have their pain assessed » One hospital created rules to guide physicians in using strong opioids (morphine) when appropriate.
What outcomes of care are important to patients near the end of life?
Pain Other symptoms Adequate control over health care decisions (patient’s perspective) Family adjustment after death
Did this patient receive good care?
A 69 year old man with severe heart failure. Admitted to the hospital with pneumonia, and treated with antibiotics and oxygen. Despite the best treatment, his condition becomes worse. He dies 3 days later.
Disadvantages of measuring structures
Not usually responsive to change Not always related to quality Generally not sufficient to demonstrate effectiveness or success
» We should assess the pain of all patients » We should use strong opioids (morphine) for severe pain in all patients
―Quality improvement‖
Interventions to improve the quality of care that patients receive. Examples:
Processes STRUCTURES
PROCESSES
OUTCOMES
―Processes of care‖
Care that is delivered to patients in order to improve the quality of care Examples:
» Assessing pain and other symptoms » Prescribing medications » Prescribing non-medical treatment
» Staffing—Dedicated physicians and nurses for palliative care » Training of all staff in palliative care » Palliative care teams » Protocols for pain management » Procedures for pain assessment
Advantages of measuring processes
Easily measured (in some settings) Responsive to improvement efforts/funding
Disadvantages of measuring processes
What is good care for dying patБайду номын сангаасents?
How do you measure the quality of care for dying patients?
Measuring the quality of care for dying patients:
Why measure the quality of end-of-life care? A framework for measurement
Advantages of measuring outcomes
Ideal measure of needs Measured from the patient’s perspective
Disadvantages of measuring outcomes
Change may be slow Positive/negative results may be due to other factors Accurate measurement is often:
*Processes and outcomes
One physician prescribes morphine to all of his patients with cancer Another physician prescribes morphine to half of his patients with cancer Which physician is providing better care? ?
May be more associated with better care in some hospitals than others Positive results may offer false sense of improvement Processes not always associated with better care*
Why measure the quality of end-oflife care?
Benchmarking Quality improvement Identification of best practices
―Benchmarking‖
Identifying goals and targets for high quality Examples:
Advantages of measuring structures
Easily measured through surveys or existing data Easy to compare hospitals Quick indicators of needs/problems
Aspects of the health care system that contribute to better quality of care Examples:
» Staffing » Training » Protocols » Procedures
What structures would lead to better quality end-of-life care?
Measuring the quality of endof-life care
David J Casarett MD MA Division of Geriatrics University of Pennsylvania
Did this patient receive good care?
84 year old man with heart failure and pneumonia. Admitted to the hospital, treated with antibiotics and oxygen. Discharged 3 days later.
Measuring quality of end-of-life care
Measuring quality of end-of-life care makes it possible to do benchmarking, quality improvement, and to identify best practices. But: How do we measure the quality of endof-life care?
» Structures of care » Processes of care » Outcomes
Measuring outcomes
» Prospective data » Retrospective data
One example: Measuring pain management
What is good care for pneumonia?
How do you measure the quality of care for pneumonia?
Patient received:
» Antibiotics » Oxygen » Intravenous fluids
Patient was discharged from the hospital alive
3 ways to measure quality
Structures of care Processes of care Outcomes of care
Structures, Processes, and Outcomes STRUCTURES
PROCESSES
OUTCOMES
―Structures of care‖
» Training for physicians and nurses about how to assess pain » Reminders to assess pain in all patients » Pharmacy suggestions about which opioids to use