Physical Examination in Respiratory System
英语体检报告范本
英语体检报告范本Physical Examination ReportName: [Insert Name]Date of Birth: [Insert Date of Birth]Gender: [Insert Gender]Nationality: [Insert Nationality]Date of Examination: [Insert Date of Examination]1. Vital Signs:- Blood Pressure (BP): [Insert BP]- Heart Rate (HR): [Insert HR]- Respiratory Rate (RR): [Insert RR]- Body Temperature (BT): [Insert BT]2. General Appearance:The patient appears to be in good health and maintains normal body posture. No signs of distress or discomfort are observed.3. Head and Neck:- Head: The patient's head is normocephalic without any visible abnormalities.- Eyes: The patient's eyes show normal conjunctiva and sclera, and the pupils are equal in size and responsive to light.- Ears: The external ears are symmetrical and without any signs of inflammation or discharge.- Nose: The nose is symmetrical, and there is no nasal discharge or deformity.- Throat: No redness, swelling, or tonsillar enlargement is observed in the throat.4. Respiratory System:- Lung Sounds: Clear breath sounds are auscultated bilaterally on inhalation and exhalation.- Respiratory Effort: Breathing is regular, and the patient shows no signs of difficulty or increased effort.- Cough: No productive or non-productive cough is reported by the patient.5. Cardiovascular System:- Heart Sounds: S1 and S2 heart sounds are normal and regular without any extra sounds or murmurs.- Peripheral Pulses: Radial and pedal pulses are strong and palpable bilaterally.- Edema: No edema is observed in the extremities.6. Gastrointestinal System:- Abdomen: The abdomen is soft and non-tender upon palpation. No organomegaly or masses are detected.- Bowel Movements: The patient reports having regular bowel movements without any difficulty or abnormality.7. Genitourinary System:- Urinary Function: The patient reports normal urinary frequency and without any pain or discomfort during urination.- Genitalia: No abnormalities or signs of inflammation are observed.8. Musculoskeletal System:- Range of Motion: The patient demonstrates full range of motion in all major joints without pain or limitations.- Muscle Strength: Equal and symmetric muscle strength is observed in major muscle groups.9. Neurological System:- Mental Status: The patient appears alert and oriented to time, place, and person.- Cranial Nerves: All cranial nerves are intact and functioning properly.- Reflexes: Deep tendon reflexes are normal and symmetric in all extremities.10. Skin:- Skin Integrity: The skin is intact with no evidence of lesions, rashes, or discoloration.- Hygiene: The patient maintains good personal hygiene.Conclusion:Based on the physical examination, the patient's overall health appears to be in excellent condition. No significant abnormalities or concerns are noted. These findings are based solely on the physical examination conducted on the specified date and should be interpreted in conjunction with the patient's medical history. Additional diagnostic tests may be required for a comprehensive evaluation if deemed necessary.Note: This is a sample physical examination report and should not be used as an official medical document. Personal information and results should be modified to reflect individual cases.。
胸部查体英文
Anterior landmark
Sternal angle (louis angle)
Costicartilage of second rib
Bronchial bifurcation
The superior edge of cardiac atrium
The junction of upper and lower mediastinum The level of fifth thoracic vertebrae posterior
Bronchovesicular breath sound
1st, 2nd intercostal space beside of sternum, the level of 3rd, 4th thoracic vertebra in interscaplar area Most area of lungs Longer,louder ,higher pitch in inspiratory phase
suprasternal fossa, around 6th, 7th cervical vertebra, 1st, 2nd thoracic vertebra Longer,louder ,higher pitch in expiratory phase
Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Palpation
Chest excursion
Hands along costal margin Inspire deeply
Observe movement
Vocal fremitus
place both palm or the unlar side of the hands on the symmetrical position with a light touch repeat word “yi” compare vibration
Physicalexamination体格检查英文版
Physicalexamination体格检查英文版
Precaution to take
Penlight （电筒）
Lubricant gel（润滑油）
Tape measure （卷尺）
Nasal speculum（鼻反射镜）
Sphygmomanometer（血压计）Turning fork: 128 Hz,512Hz
Reflex hammer （叩诊锤） （旋转叉）
Safety pins（大头针）
Physicalexamination体格检查英文版
Important aspects of physical examination
The examiner should continue speaking to the patient
Showing care to his disease and answer to patient’s questions
Proper expose
Exposing only the area that are being examined at that time without undue exposure of the other areas
When examining a women’s breasts, it is necessary to check for any asymmetry by inspecting both breasts at the same time
全身体格检查英语介绍作文
全身体格检查英语介绍作文Title: A Comprehensive Physical Examination。
A comprehensive physical examination is a thorough assessment of an individual's overall health and well-being. It involves a series of tests and evaluations to detect any potential health issues and provide insights into aperson's current physical condition. In this essay, we will delve into the various components of a full-body physical examination.1. Patient Information and History Taking: The examination typically begins with the collection of basic patient information such as age, gender, and medical history. This includes details about past illnesses, surgeries, allergies, medications, and family medical history. Understanding this background helps the healthcare provider tailor the examination to the specific needs and risks of the individual.2. Vital Signs Assessment: Vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature, are fundamental indicators of overall health. These measurements provide valuable insights into cardiovascular function, respiratory status, and potential fever or infection.3. General Appearance and Observation: A visual assessment of the patient's general appearance can reveal important clues about their health. This includes observing their posture, skin color and condition, overall demeanor, and any signs of distress or discomfort.4. Head and Neck Examination: This part of the examination involves assessing the head, face, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, throat, and neck. It includes examinations such as checking for abnormalities in the cranial nerves, assessing vision and hearing, and examining the lymph nodes for any signs of inflammation or enlargement.5. Cardiovascular Examination: The cardiovascular examination focuses on evaluating the heart and bloodvessels. This may involve auscultation of the heart sounds, palpation of peripheral pulses, assessment of jugular venous pressure, and examination of the legs for signs of peripheral edema.6. Respiratory Examination: The respiratory examination assesses the lungs and respiratory system. It includes auscultation of breath sounds, percussion of lung fields, assessment of respiratory effort, and evaluation of oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry.7. Abdominal Examination: The abdominal examination involves inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation of the abdomen to assess the organs andstructures within. This includes examining the liver, spleen, kidneys, and intestines for any abnormalities or tenderness.8. Musculoskeletal Examination: The musculoskeletal examination evaluates the muscles, bones, and joints for any signs of injury, deformity, or dysfunction. This may include assessing range of motion, muscle strength, jointstability, and performing specific maneuvers to elicit pain or discomfort.9. Neurological Examination: The neurological examination assesses the function of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. This may involve testing reflexes, sensation, coordination, balance, and cognitive function.10. Skin Examination: The skin examination involves inspecting the skin for any abnormalities, lesions, rashes, or signs of infection. This includes assessing skin color, texture, moisture, temperature, and the presence of any moles or lesions that may indicate skin cancer.11. Genitourinary Examination: The genitourinary examination assesses the reproductive and urinary systems. This may involve a pelvic examination for females or a genital examination for males, as well as assessing urinary function and performing relevant tests such as urine analysis.12. Psychosocial Assessment: In addition to the physical examination, it's important to consider the patient's psychosocial well-being. This includes assessing their mental health, emotional state, social support network, and any factors that may impact their overall health and quality of life.In conclusion, a comprehensive physical examination encompasses a wide range of assessments and evaluations to provide a holistic view of an individual's health. By systematically examining each aspect of the body, healthcare providers can identify potential health issues early, implement appropriate interventions, and promote overall well-being and longevity.。
护理学专业英语单词题库
护理专业英语基础第一部分neur- 神经angi- 血管，管my- 肌gastr- 胃enter- 肠，小肠hepat- 肝chol- 胆cholangi- 胆管-ia表示疾病状态-algia 痛alg-仍可用作词根-dynia 痛-rrhagia 出血-ptosis下垂（可单独用）-itis 炎gastralgia 胃痛gastrodynia 胃痛gastrorrhagia 胃出血gastroptosis 胃下垂cholangiography 胆管造影术cholangiohepatitis 胆管肝炎cholangiotomy 胆管切开术（anatomy 解剖学）trache- 气管bronch - 支气管pneum- 肺，呼吸，空气pneumat- 肺，呼吸，空气肺-pathy 病path仍可作词根-logy 学说-ist 者，人员-logist 学者，学家-scopy 镜检法，检查法-graphy X线照相术，描记法，造影术card- 心/贲门dys- 不良、障碍、困难-rrhea 泛滥intra- 内erythrocyte 红细胞cyt(o) 细胞sub- 下oste- 骨centesis 穿刺术puncture 穿刺gluc(o)- /glyc(o)- 葡萄糖-penia 减少urine 尿液-gen 原albumen 蛋白albumin 清蛋白、白蛋白-lysis 溶解、消退hypo- 低hyper- 高hemat- 血液学labi- 唇dent- 齿peri- 周围pneumonopathy 肺病pneumology 肺病学neurologist 神经科医生pneumography 充气造影术，呼吸描记法vascular 血管的hypopharyngoscopecaries: decay （龋齿、骨溃疡）hepat/ic pertaining to the liversplen/o/pathy disease of the spleenhemat/o/blast an immature undifferentiated blood celllabi/o/dent/al pertaining to the lips and teethperi/cardi/um the membranous sac enclosing the heartdys/men/o/rrhea painful menstrual flow（痛经）intra/erythr/o/cyt/ic within red blood cellssub/peri/oste/al under the tissue that covers the bone (adj. 骨膜下的)contra/in/dic/a/tion that which indicates the inappropriateness of some form of treatment（禁忌症）para/centesis the surgical puncture of a body cavity in order to draw off excess fluid （穿刺术）hyperglycemia 高血糖glucopenia 低血糖glycosuria 糖尿glycogen 糖原gluc(o) - ,glyc(o) - 葡萄糖albuminuretic 蛋白尿的albuminolysis 清蛋白分解第二部分laryng(o) 喉laryngitislaryngologylaryngoparalysis （麻痹）laryngopharyngitis （咽炎）laryngoscopy 喉镜检查nas(o) -;rhin(o) - 鼻rhinorrhea （流，溢）鼻溢液rhinologist 鼻科专家nasopharyngitis （咽炎）鼻咽炎rhinocleisis （闭）鼻塞rhinodynia 鼻痛rhinolalia （音）鼻音rhinolaryngology鼻喉科学pharyng- 咽（喉）pharyngopathy 咽病pharyngodynia 咽痛pharyngolaryngitis （喉炎）咽喉炎pharyngotonsillitis 咽扁桃体炎pneum(o) -;pneumon(o) - 气，肺pneumology 肺病学pneumohemothorax 气血胸pneumonectasis （膨胀）肺气肿pneumonedeme （水肿）肺水肿pneumonemia （血液）肺充血pneumonectomy （切除术）肺切除术pneumonia 肺炎pneumonic 肺炎的pneumonopathy 肺病pneumology 肺病学pneumography 充气造影术，呼吸描记法tonsil(o) - 扁桃体tonsilloadenoidectomy 扁桃体及其腺体切除术tonsillopathy 扁桃体病tonsillectomy 扁桃体切除术tonsillitis 扁桃体炎thorac(o) - 胸thoracomyodynia 胸肌痛thoracoplasty （成形术）胸廓成形术thoracoscope 胸腔镜trache(o) - 气管tracheobronchitis （支气管炎）气管支气管炎tracheolaryngotomy 气管喉切开术tracheotomy 气管切开术-pnea 呼吸apnea 呼吸暂停dyspnea 呼吸困难bradypnea （缓慢）呼吸过慢eupnea 呼吸正常pleur(o) - 胸膜pleura 胸膜pleurodynia 胸膜痛，肋肌痛pleuritis 胸膜炎pleuropneumonia 胸膜肺炎The structure of respiration system呼吸系统结构oral cavity 口腔nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal septum 鼻中隔paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦vocal cords 声带lower airway structures 下气道结构chest wall 胸壁the muscles of respiration 呼吸肌pulmonary artery 肺动脉pulmonary vein 肺静脉shallow respiration 浅呼吸deep breath 深呼吸tidal volume 潮气量vital capacity 肺活量expiratory cycle 呼气循环gaseous exchange 气体交换respiratory functioning 呼吸功能respiratory rate 呼吸速率respiratory center 呼吸中枢pulmonary distress 肺窘迫breath through the mouth 张口呼吸takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳sneezing reflex 打喷嚏呼吸swallowing reflex 吞咽反射upper respiratory infection上呼吸道传染restrictive lung disorder 限制性肺疾病obstructive lung disorder 阻塞性肺疾病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease慢性阻塞性肺疾患all types of pneumonia 所有类型的肺炎lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎interstitial pneumonia 间质性肺炎viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎mycoplasma pneumonia 支原体肺炎bacterial pneumonia 细菌性肺炎severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik’s spots 麻疹黏膜瓣（科氏斑）lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤spirometer 肺活量计fetid breath 口臭第三部分nephr(o) -; ren(o) - 肾nephrology 肾病学nephritis 肾炎nephrocolic 肾绞痛nephrolith 肾石nephroma 肾瘤nephropathy 肾病nephroptosis 肾下垂nephropyelitis 肾盂肾炎nephrotuberculosis 肾结核renopathy 肾病renovascular 肾血管的renography 肾造影术glomerul(o) - 小球；肾小球glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎glomerulopathy 肾小球病pyel(o) - 肾盂pyelography 肾盂造影术pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎ureter(o) - 输尿管ureterocele 输尿管疝ureterolysis 输尿管破裂cyst(o) - 膀胱，囊，囊肿cystitis 膀胱炎cystocele 膀胱膨出cystodynia 膀胱痛cystography 膀胱造影术cystoptosis 膀胱下垂cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查urethra(o) - 尿道urethritis 尿道炎urethrocystitis 尿道膀胱炎urethrorrhagia 尿道出血urethrospasm 尿道痉挛urethrostenosis 尿道狭窄ur(o) -;urin(o) - 尿，尿道，排尿urinemia 尿毒症lith(o) - 石，结石lithocenosis 碎石清除术andr(o) - 男，雄androcyte 精子细胞androgen 雄激素acidbase 酸碱acidosis 酸中毒albumin 清蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿alkaline 碱性analgesic 止痛剂urinary tract 尿道urethral meatus 尿道口urinary bladder 膀胱bladder tone 膀胱张力renal pelvis 肾盂renal tubule 肾小管kindy or perinephric area 肾或肾周区域vagus nerve 迷走神经epigastric region 上腹部区域cardiac sphincter 贲门括约肌pyloric sphincter 幽门括约肌biliary ducts 胆管lactosuria 乳糖尿fruity breath 呼吸有水果味ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿frequency of urination 尿频micturition 排尿；频尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿polyuria 多尿urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruria 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿pyuria 脓尿-----------purulent adj.脓的第四部分cardi(o) - 心脏atri(o) - 心房ventricul(o) - 心室arteri(o) - 动脉aort(o) - 主动脉coron(o) - 冠状的sten(o) - 狭窄，狭小stenosis- 狭窄brady- 慢tachy- 快，快速oligo- 少，缺少cardiovascular systerm 心血管系统cardiovascular status 心血管状态left atrium and right atrium 左右心房left ventricle and right ventricle 左右心室coronary arteries 冠状动脉heart valves 心脏瓣膜aortic valve 主动脉瓣valves of the veins 静脉瓣acrocyanosis 手足发绀acyanotic 不发绀的cardioangiology 心血管学cardiocentesis 心穿刺术cardiodynia 心痛cardiohepatomegaly 心肝肿大cardiology 心脏病学cardiomyopathy 心肌病atriomegaly 心房肥大arteriostenosis 动脉狭窄arteritis 动脉炎coronavirus 冠状病毒stenocardia 心绞痛bradycardia 心动过缓tachycardia 心动过速tachypnea 呼吸急促oligocardia 心动过缓heart murmur 心脏杂音arrhythmia 心律失常antiarrhythmic 抗心律失常药cardiocinetic 强心药cardiocirrhosis 心源性肝硬化cardiogram 心电图cardionecrosis 心脏坏死cardioneurosis 心脏神经症cardiovalvulitis 心瓣膜炎cardiology 心血管学cardiotoxic 心脏中毒的cardiac 心脏的，强心药cardioaortic 心主动脉的cardiospasm 贲门痉挛第五部分palat(o)- 腭，esophag(o) - 食管palatitis 腭炎palatoschisis 腭裂esophagitis 食管炎esophagocele 食管疝esophagogastroscopy食管胃镜检查esophagostenosis 食管狭窄esophagus 食管gastr（o）-胃，duoden-，十二指肠gastrocolitis（结肠炎）胃结肠炎gastratrophia（萎缩）萎缩性胃炎gastrectomy胃切除术gastritis 胃炎gastroduodenostomy（吻合术）胃十二指肠吻合术gastrodynia 胃痛gastrology 胃病学gastroscope 胃（窥）镜pylor(o) - 幽门pyloroduodenitis（十二指肠炎）幽门十二指肠炎pylorogastrectomy 幽门（及邻近部分胃）切除术pylorospasm 幽门痉挛pylorostenosis 幽门狭窄duoden(o) - 十二指肠gastroduodenectomy （十二指肠）胃十二指肠切除术duodenocholangeitis（胆总管炎）十二指肠胆总管炎duodenoenterostomy（肠）（吻合术）十二指肠小肠造口吻合术enter(o) - 肠，小肠enterogastritis 肠胃炎enterorrhagia 肠出血enterostenosis 肠狭窄col(o) -, 结肠；proct(o) -, 直肠coloclysis 结肠灌洗colonoscopy 结肠镜检查proctocele 直肠突出proctocolitis 直肠结肠炎splen（o）- 脾，hepat(o) - 肝splenectomy 脾切除术hepatitis 肝炎hepatomegaly 肝肿大splenohepatomegaly 肝脾肿大bil(i) -;chol(e) - 胆汁biliary 胆汁的bilirubin 胆红素cholecystalgia（囊）胆绞痛cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术cholecystitis 胆囊炎cecum 盲肠sigmoid 乙状结肠第六部分physical Assessment Examination 体格评估检查a basic screening physical examination 一般身体检查conduct the physical examination 进行体检complete or partial physical examination全面或部分体检comprehensive or problem-related history 综合或与问题相关的病史the nursing history 护理史assessment data 评估资料normal limits of vital signs 生命体征的正常值（范围）abnormal limits of vital signs 生命体征的异常值（范围）take vital signs 测生命体征approach to the patient 接近病人peripheral circulation 周围循环variations from the normal （生命体征）偏离正常值范围blood pressure 血压body temperature 体温oral temperature 口腔温度rectal temperature 直肠温度the axillary (armpit) temperature 腋下温度oral adult temperature 成人口腔温度pulse rate 脉率rhythm and depth of breathing 呼吸的节律和深度rapid (slow) respiration 快（慢）呼吸breath sounds 呼吸音inspection and palpation 视诊与触诊direct observation 直接观察indirect observation 间接观察direct percussion 直接叩诊indirect percussion 间接叩诊direct auscultation 直接听诊indirect auscultation 间接听诊clear sound 清音heart murmurs 心脏杂音duration and intensify 持续与强度nursing record 护理记录objective information 客观资料subjective information 主观资料systolic pressure 收缩压diastolic pressure 舒张压blood pressure readings 血压读数a false reading 假的读数（血压）essential blood pressure 基础血压arterial blood pressure 动脉血压peripheral resistance 周围阻力high (low) blood pressure 高（低）血压essential (primary) hypertension 原发性高血压secondary hypertension 继发性高血压take blood pressure 测血压measure body temperatu 测体温take pulse 测脉搏feel pulse 摸脉count for at least 30 seconds 至少测30sa full minute 一分钟整regular in rhythm 规律的节律strength of the pulse wave 脉搏的强度tongue depressor 压舌板cotton applicator stick 棉签absolute diet (fasting) 禁食balanced diet 均衡伙食convalescent diet 恢复期饮食diabetic diet 糖尿病饮食eucaloric diet 适当热量饮食fat-free diet 无脂饮食salt-free diet 无盐饮食fever diet 热病饮食full diet 全食，普通饮食half diet 半食high caloric diet 高热量饮食high-carbohydrate diet 高糖类饮食high-protein (protein rich) diet 高蛋白饮食low fat diet 低脂饮食low caloric diet 低热量饮食low-protein diet 低蛋白饮食low-residue diet 低渣饮食nourishing diet 滋补饮食obesity diet 肥胖病饮食prenatal diet 孕期饮食regimen diet 规定食谱smooth (soft) diet 细软饮食invalid diet 病弱者饮食light diet 易消化饮食liquid diet 流质饮食high fat diet 高脂饮食The cardiovascular system 心血管系统The circulatory system 循环系统The respiratory system 呼吸系统The digestive system 消化系统The (central) nervous system (中枢)神经系统The immune system 免疫系统The urinary system 泌尿系统The excretory system 排泄系统The reproductive / genital system 生殖系统The endocrine system 内分泌系统The muscular system / musculature 肌肉系统第七部分blood and lymph system 血液及淋巴系统red blood count (RBC) 红细胞记数complete blood count 全血细胞记数white blood cells 白细胞T4 lymphocytes T4 淋巴细胞blood products 血液制品polymorphonuclear leukocyte 多形核白细胞red cell morphology 红细胞形态学分析coagulation disorder 凝血机制紊乱erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 红细胞沉降率blood culture 血液培养bone marrow aspiration 骨髓穿刺吸引术basic metabolic rate 基础代谢率blood transfusion 输血blood component therapy 成分输血治疗homologous blood 同种异体血autologous blood 自体固有血lymph vessels 淋巴管lymph ducts 淋巴管thoracic duct 胸（淋巴导管）lymph capillaries 毛细淋巴管right lymphatic duct 右侧淋巴管lymph nodes 淋巴结acute lymphocytic leukemia 急性淋巴性白血病the growth and infiltration of leukemic cell 白血病细胞的增殖与浸润bleeding disorder 出血性疾病generally unwell 全身不适感swollen lymph glands 淋巴结肿大lymph node dissection 淋巴结解剖Endocrine system 内分泌系统thyroid gland 甲状腺parathyroid glands 甲状旁腺parathyroid hormone (PTH) 甲状旁腺激素thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 促甲状腺激素thymus gland 胸腺pituitary gland 垂体腺pineal gland 松果体腺adrenal glands 肾上腺growth hormone 生长激素diabetes mellitus 糖尿病Type ⅠDiabetes mellitus 1型糖尿病Type ⅡDiabetes mellitus 2型糖尿病blood sugar 血糖blood glucose 血糖fasting blood sugar (FBS) 空腹血糖postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) 餐后血糖glucose tolerant test (GTT) 糖耐量试验diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒thyroid function study 甲状腺功能研究radioiodine therapy 放射性碘治疗glycosuria 糖尿hematology 血液学hematoma 血肿hematuria 血尿hemodialysis 血液透析hyperglycemia 高糖血症hyperkalemia 高钾血症hypersecretion 分泌过多hypoglycemia 低糖血症hypokalemia 低钾血症hyposecretion 分泌过少morphology 形态学thyroiditis 甲状腺炎hematonosis 血液病hematocytosis 血细胞增多hematocytopenia 血细胞减少erythr(o) - 红erythrocyte 红细胞leuk(o) - 白leukemia 白血病leukocyte 白细胞leukocytosis 白细胞增多cyt(o) - 细胞cytology 细胞学macro - 大，巨，长macrophagocyte 巨噬细胞micro- 小，微，细microbe 微生物microcirculation 微循环phag(o) - 吞噬phagocyte 吞噬细胞dialysis 透析peritoneal dialysis 腹膜透析hemodialysis 血液透析transfusion 输血arterial transfusion 动脉输血blood transfusion 输血direct (immediate ) transfusion 直接输血drip transfusion 滴注输(血)液indirect transfusion 间接输血plasma transfusion 输血浆serum transfusion 输血清venous transfusion 静脉输血，静脉输液emergency care used to control hemorrhage 止血急救terminal diseases 绝症cachexia 恶病质congestion 充血dehydration 脱水petechia 瘀点，瘀斑purpura 紫癫hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少volume 体积第八部分cerebral cortex 大脑皮质cranial nerves 脑神经（十二对）sensory nerves 感觉神经spinal nerves 脊神经motor nerves 运动神经peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统sympathetic nervous system 交感神经系统parasympathetic nervous system 副交感神经系统spinal cord 脊髓cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液cerebrovascular disease 脑血管疾病organic mental disorder 器质性精神障碍acute brain syndrome 急性脑综合症multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化cerebrovascular accident 脑血管意外cephalodynia 头痛cephalohematoma 头颅血肿cephalometry 头测量法cephalonia 巨头症cephalotomy 头部切开术；穿颅术cerebrology 脑学cerebroma 脑瘤cerebromalacia 脑软化cerebrosclerosis 脑硬化cerebrostomy 脑切开(造口)术cerebrotomy 脑切开术cerebrum 大脑encephalo-arterio/graphy 脑动脉造影术encephalodialysis 脑软化encephaloma 脑瘤encephalology 脑学encephalomyelitis 脑脊髓炎hydrocephalic 脑积水的cerebellospinal 小脑脊髓spinal- 脊的cerebellum 小脑craniology 颅骨学craniometer 测颅器craniopathy 颅病cranioplasty 颅成形术plasty 成形术craniopuncture 颅穿刺术puncture 穿刺craniotomy 颅骨切开术，穿颅术aphasia 失语ataxia- 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识unconsciousness 失去知觉convulsion 抽搐，惊厥delirium 谵妄delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高insanity 精神错乱loss of orientation 定向丧失mania 躁狂memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹yawning 打哈欠第九部分hyperacidity 胃酸过多hyperlipidemia 高脂血症hyperdiuresis 多尿hyperemesis 剧吐hyperemia 充血hypergenesis 发育过度hypergiganto/soma 巨人症hyperglycemia 高血糖（症）hyperhidrosis n. 多汗（症）hyperleukocyt/osis 白细胞过多hypertrophy 肥大hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypocapnia 低碳酸血症hypocellular 细胞过少的Hypochromemia 血色指数过低hypoacidity 胃酸过少hypoacusis 听力减退hypoaldosteronemia 醛固酮减少症hypocrine 内分泌功能减退hypocyto/sis 血细胞减少heat and cold applications 冷、热敷applying hot compresses 热敷applying hot soaks 湿热敷assisting the patient to take a sitz bath 帮病人坐浴applying hot water bottles 用热水瓶applying an ice bag 用冰袋applying cold compresses 冷敷giving a cold (an alcohol) sponge bath 冷水（酒精）擦浴infusion 输入，注入glucose infusion 葡萄糖液输注glucose-saline infusion 葡萄糖－盐水输注saline infusion 盐水输注injection 注射endermic (intracutaneous) injection 皮内注射hypertonic saline injection 高渗盐水注射hypodermic injection 皮下注射intramuscular injection 肌内注射intraocular injection 眼球注射intrapleural injection 胸膜腔注射intrauterine injection 子宫内注射nasal injection 鼻内注射peritoneal injection 腹膜腔注射rectal injection 直肠注射subconjunctival injection 结膜下注射urethral injection 尿道注射vaginal injection 阴道注射irrigation 冲洗vaginal irrigation 阴道冲洗bladder irrigation 膀胱冲洗continuous irrigation 连续冲洗法mediate irrigation 间接冲洗法chief complaint 主诉clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology 病因学family history 家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating(induced) 诱因marital status 婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史menarche 初潮menopause 闭经past history 既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom 局部症状mental symptom 精神症状symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症候群signs 体征antecedent 前驱征body length (height of the body) 身高body weight 体重malaise 不适dizziness 眩晕night sweat 盗汗。
检体诊断英语试题及答案
检体诊断英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a common symptom of respiratory diseases?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. HeadacheD. Fatigue2. The term "auscultation" refers to:A. Listening to the heart and lungsB. Feeling the pulseC. Observing the skinD. Checking the blood pressure3. What is the purpose of percussion in physical examination?A. To assess the size of organsB. To determine the presence of fluidC. To evaluate the function of jointsD. To examine the nervous system4. Which of the following is not a vital sign?A. TemperatureB. PulseC. RespirationD. Blood type5. In the context of physical examination, what does BP standfor?A. Blood PressureB. Blood PlateletsC. Blood ProteinD. Blood Purification6. What is the normal range for adult respiratory rate?A. 12-20 breaths per minuteB. 60-100 beats per minuteC. 15-25 breaths per minuteD. 80-120 beats per minute7. The abdomen is examined for:A. Heart soundsB. Liver sizeC. Lung capacityD. Kidney function8. Which of the following is a method to assess the integrity of the nervous system?A. PalpationB. PercussionC. AuscultationD. Neurological examination9. What does the acronym ROM stand for?A. Range of MotionB. Rate of MetabolismC. Resting Oxygen MeasureD. Rapid Oxygen Monitoring10. Which of the following is not a method of physical examination?A. InspectionB. PalpationC. PercussionD. Electrocardiogram二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The normal body temperature is approximately ______ degrees Celsius.12. The ______ is a procedure used to assess the function of the heart and lungs.13. The ______ is the examination of the abdomen to detect abnormalities.14. A ______ is a common method to check the size and consistency of the liver.15. The ______ is the measurement of the blood pressure.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. Explain the difference between inspection and palpation in physical examination.17. Describe the significance of a normal blood pressure reading.18. What are the common findings during a neurological examination?19. Discuss the importance of a thorough physical examination in diagnosing diseases.四、案例分析题（每题15分，共30分）20. A patient presents with a persistent cough, shortness of breath, and a fever. What steps would you take in thephysical examination to determine the cause?21. A patient complains of abdominal pain. How would you approach the abdominal examination to identify the source of the pain?五、论述题（共20分）22. Discuss the role of a physical examination in the overall assessment of a patient's health. Include the limitations and benefits of this method.答案：一、选择题1-5: A A B D A6-10: C B B A D二、填空题11. 36.512. Auscultation13. Abdominal palpation14. Percussion15. Sphygmomanometer三、简答题16. Inspection involves visually examining the patient, while palpation involves physically feeling the body for abnormalities.17. A normal blood pressure reading indicates that the heart is functioning properly and that the arteries are not under excessive pressure.18. Common findings during a neurological examination include assessing reflexes, muscle strength, and sensory responses.19. A thorough physical examination is crucial foridentifying signs and symptoms of diseases, guiding further diagnostic tests, and monitoring the progression of a disease.四、案例分析题20. The steps would include auscultation to listen for abnormal lung sounds, percussion to assess lung expansion,and palpation to feel for any tenderness or consolidation. 21. The approach would involve inspecting for any visiblesigns of distress, palpation to assess for tenderness or organomegaly, and auscultation to listen for bowel sounds.五、论述题22. [Answer will vary based on the examinee's understanding and ability to discuss the topic comprehensively.]。
呼吸系统体格检查流程程
呼吸系统体格检查流程程Respiratory System Physical Examination.A. Inspection.1. Respirations: Note the rate, rhythm, depth, and effort of breathing.2. Chest wall: Observe for symmetry, contour, and any visible masses or lesions.3. Trachea: Check if it is midline and if there is any deviation.4. Skin: Inspect for cyanosis, clubbing of fingers, or edema.B. Palpation.1. Chest expansion: Place hands on the patient's chestand measure the distance between the two sides during inspiration and expiration.2. Tactile fremitus: Place the palms of your hands on the patient's chest and feel for vibrations caused by the passage of air through the airways.3. Trachea: Palpate the trachea to assess its position and mobility.4. Lymph nodes: Palpate the supraclavicular, cervical, and axillary lymph nodes for any enlargement or tenderness.C. Percussion.1. Lung fields: Percuss the chest using a pleximeter and hammer to determine the resonance or dullness of the underlying tissue.2. Diaphragm: Percuss downward from the lung fields to determine the level of diaphragmatic excursion.D. Auscultation.1. Breaths sounds: Use a stethoscope to listen to the breath sounds over the entire chest wall. Note the presence and character of any adventitious sounds such as wheezes, crackles, or rhonchi.2. Vocal fremitus: Ask the patient to speak and listen with the stethoscope placed on the chest wall. Note the transmission of vocal vibrations.E. Special Tests.1. Forced expiratory volume (FEV): Ask the patient to take a deep breath and exhale fully as forcefully as possible. Measure the volume of air exhaled in the first second.2. Forced vital capacity (FVC): Ask the patient to takea deep breath and exhale fully as forcefully as possible. Measure the total volume of air exhaled.中文回答：呼吸系统体格检查流程。
医学住院病历英文
住院病历的英汉对照分享首次分享者：燕子已被分享1次评论(0)复制链接分享转载举报随着中外交流的加强，专业英语对医院也是越来越重要！花了点时间整理了下“住院病历的英汉对照”的格式，发上来和大家分享，希望对能用到的人有所帮助！POMR (Problem-Oriented Medical Records)表格式住院病历Biographical data:一般项目：Name Age Sex Marital status Nativity Race姓名年龄性别婚否籍贯民族Occupation Date of admission Informant History职业入院日期病史叙述者病史Chief complaint主诉History of present illness现病史Past history既往史：Previous health status: well ordinary bad Infectious diseases平素健康状况：良好一般较差传染病史Immunizations Allergies: N Y clinical manifestation预防接种史过敏史无有临床表现allergen: Trauma: Surgery:过敏原外伤史手术史Review of systems:(Tick if positive, cross out if negative. If postive, you should write down your disease history and brief course of diagnose and therapy)系统回顾：(有打√无打×阳性病史应在下面空间内填写发病时间及扼要诊疗经过)Respiratory system:呼吸系统Sore throat chronic cough sputum hemoptysis wheezing咽痛慢性咳嗽咳痰咯血哮喘dyspnea chest pain呼吸困难胸痛cadiovascular system:循环系统Palpitation dyspnea on exertion hemoptysis syncope心悸活动后气促咯血晕厥edema of lower limbs precordial pain hypertention下肢水肿心前区疼痛高血压Digestive system:消化系统Anorexia sour regurgitation belching nausea vomitting食欲减退反酸嗳气恶心呕吐abdominal distention abdominal pain constipation diarrhea 腹胀腹痛便秘腹泻hematemesis melena hematochezia jaundice呕血黑便便血黄疸Urinary system:泌尿系统Lumbago frequent micturition urgent micturition urodynia腰痛尿频尿急尿痛dysuria hematuria nocturia polyuria oliguria facial edema排尿困难血尿夜尿多尿少尿面部水肿Hematopoietic system造血系统Fatigue dizziness blurred vision gingival bleedig乏力头昏牙龈出血subcutaneous hemorrhage ostealgia epistaxis皮下出血骨痛鼻衄Metabolic and endocrine system:代谢及内分泌系统Excessive appetite anorexia sweats cold intolerance食欲亢进食欲减退多汗畏寒polydipsia tremor hands change of character obvious obesity 多饮双手震颤性格改变显著肥胖emaciation hirsutism hair losing pigmentation消瘦多毛毛发脱落色素沉着chang of sexual function amenorrhea性功能改变闭经Musculoskeletal system肌肉骨骼系统Floating arthralgia arthraliga swelling of joints游走性关节痛关节痛关节红肿deformiteies of jionts myalgia atrophy of muscle关节变形肌肉痛肌肉萎缩Nervous system神经系统Dizziness headache vertigo syncope degeneration of memory 头昏头痛眩晕晕厥记忆力减退visual disturbance insomnia disturbance of consciousness视力障碍失眠意识障碍tremor spasm paralysis paresthesia颤动抽搐瘫痪感觉异常Personal history:个人史Birthplace Occupation sexual history smoking N Y出生地职业冶游史吸烟无有about years average pieces per day ceased for years约年平均支/日戒烟年alcohol intake N occasional frequent about years嗜酒无偶有经常约为年average ml per day others平均 ml/日其他Marital history:婚姻史：Marrying age companion’s state of health结婚年龄配偶健康状况Menorrhea and Childbearing:月经及生育史Menarche age cycle lasting for days date of last period初潮每次持续时间末次月经时间(age of menopause)绝经年龄Amount of flow: little normal large menstrual pain: N Y经量少正常多痛经无有cycle: regular irregular pregnancy times natural labor经期规则不规则妊娠次顺产times abortions times premature delivery times胎流产胎早产胎stillbirths times difficult labor and its condition死产胎难产及病情Familly history (pay attention to the congenital diseases and communicable diseases and communicable dieases related to the paitent 家族史（注意与患者现病有关的遗传病和传染性疾病）Father: still alive illness died cause of deaths mother:父：健在患病已故死因母 still alive illness died cause of death siblings: others:健在患病已故死因兄弟姐妹子女其他Physical examination体格检查Vital signs生命体征:Temperature体温pulse脉搏 /min次/分respiration呼吸 /min次/分B.P血压 mmHgGeneral Appearance一般状况:Development发育:ortho-sthenic type正常asthenic type不良sthenic type超常nutrition营养:well良好fairly中等poor不良cachexia恶病质Facial features面容:normal无病容acute急性chronic慢性病容others其他Expression表情:natural自知painful痛苦anxious忧虑dreadful恐惧indifferent淡漠Position: active semi-recumbent others体位：自主半卧位其他Gait: normal abnormal步态正常不正常Conciousness: aware somnolence confusion stupor coma神志清楚嗜睡模糊昏睡昏迷delirium coppperatio; well badly谵妄配合检查合作不合作Mucocutaneous color: normal red pale cyaosis stainted皮肤粘膜色泽无病容潮红苍白紫绀yellow pigmentation lesions:N Y (type and distribution)黄染色素沉着皮疹无有（类型及分布）Subcutaneous hemorrhange: N Y(type and distribution)皮下出血无有（类型及分布）Hair: normal reduced edema: N Y(position and degree)头发分布正常减退水肿无有（部位及程度）Hepatic palm: N Y spider angionma:N Y（position numbers ） others: 肝掌无有蜘蛛痣无有(部位数目) 其他Lymphnodes:淋巴结Superficial lymph nodes: non-swelling swelling(position andcharacteristics)全身淋巴结肿大无肿大肿大（部位及特征）Head : cranium : size : normal large small deformity:头部头颅大小正常大小畸形N Y(coxycephaly squared skull deforming skull)无有（尖颅方颅变形颅）Others: tenderness mass sunk (position)其他异常：压痛包块凹陷（部位）Eyes eyelid: normal edema ptosis trichiasis conjunctive :眼睑正常水肿下垂倒睫结膜normal hyperemia edema hemrrhage正常充血水肿出血eye ball: normal proptosis depression tremor眼球正常突出凹陷震颤motion dysfunction(left right)运动障碍Sclera :normal yellow cornea : normal abnormal ( left right )巩膜无黄染有黄染角膜正常异常（左右）Pupils: equal roundness same size unequal left cm瞳孔等圆等大不等左 cmreaction to light: normal delay (left right) disappear (left right) 对光反射正常迟钝（左右）消失（左右）Others:其他Ears: auricle :normal deformity fistula others (left right )耳耳廓正常畸形瘘管其他（左右）excretions of external auditory canal: N Y (left right feature)外耳道分泌物无有（左右性质）Tenderness of mastoid : N Y audation dysfunction: N Y (left right) 乳突压痛无有听力粗试障碍无有（左右）Nose: shape : normal: abnormal ( ) other abnormalities:N Y鼻外形正常异常（）其他异常无有Nosalala flap obsruction excretions nasal sinus tenderness:鼻翼扇动鼻塞分泌物鼻旁窦压痛N Y (position )无有（部位）Mouth lips :red syanosis pale herpes fissure mucosa :normal口唇红润发绀苍白疱疹皲裂粘膜正常abnormal ( pale petechia)异常（苍白出血点）Opening of parotid gland duct: normal abnormal (swelling腮腺导管开口正常异常（肿胀suppurative excretions)脓性分泌物）Tongue:normal abnormal (coverings tremor leaning to left or right) 舌正常异常（舌苔伸舌震颤向左、向右偏斜）Gums: normal swelling pus overflow hemorrhage pigments牙龈正常肿胀溢脓出血色素沉着lead line tooth:regular edentulous carious teeth铅线牙列齐缺牙—|—龋齿—|—Tonsils: pharynx: voice: normal hoarse扁桃体咽声音正常嘶哑Neck:resistence:N Y carotid artery pulsation: normal increased颈部抵抗感无有颈动脉搏动正常增强decreased (left right) jugular vein:normal distention减弱（左右）颈静脉正常充盈high distention trachea:middle deviation to (left right)怒张气管正中偏移（向左向右）Hepatojugular reflux:(-) (+) thyroid: normal swelling degree肝颈静脉回流征：（-）（+）甲状腺正常肿大度Symmetry 对称Dominance in one side: spreading nodular:soft hard others :N Y侧为主弥漫性结节性质软质硬其他无有(tenderness tremor bruits)（压痛震颤血管杂音）Chest topography:normal barrel chest pigeon chest funnel chest胸部胸廓正常桶状胸鸡胸漏斗胸flat chest bulging or retraction (left right )扁平胸膨隆或凹陷（左右）bulging in the precordial region tenderness of sternum心前区膨隆胸骨压痛Breast: normal symmetrical abnormal : left right(gynecomastia乳房正常对称异常左右（男乳女化mass tenderness excretions of nipples)包块压痛乳头分泌物）Lung肺Inspection : movement of respiration : normal abnormal : left视诊呼吸运动正常异常左right( increased decreased)右（增强减弱）Intercostal space :normal wide narrow(position)肋间隙正常增宽变窄（部位）Palpation : vocal fremitus:normal abnormal :left right (increased触诊：语颤正常异常左右（增强decreased ) pluernal friction rubs: N Y（position）减弱胸膜摩擦感：无有（部位）Subcutaneous crepitus: N Y(posotion) percussion: resonance皮下捻发感无有（部位）叩诊正常清音abnormal dullness flatness hyperresonance tympany异常叩诊音浊音实音过清音鼓音Lower borders:scapular line: right intercostal space, left肺下界肩胛线右肋间左intercostal space Range of mobility: right cm , left cm肋间移动度右 cm，左 cmDusculation: breath regular irregular听诊呼吸规整不规整Breath sound: normal abnormal( feature, position )呼吸音正常异常（性质，部位描写）Rale: N Y ：ronchi: sonorous sibilant啰音：无有：干性鼾音哨笛音Moist rales: coarse medium fine rales crepitus湿性大中小水泡音捻发音Vocal conduction: normal abnormal: reduced increased(position)语音传导正常异常减弱增强（部位）Plueral friction rubs: N Y (position)胸膜摩擦音无有（部位）Heart 心Inspection:bulging in precordial region : N Y apex impulse:视诊心前区隆起无有心尖搏动normal unseen increased diffusing position: normal正常未见增强弥散心尖搏动位置正常deviation ( the distance from midclavicular line cm)移动（距左锁骨中线内外厘米）Other precordial pulsations: N Y (position)其他部位搏动无有（部位）Palpation:apex impulse:normal increased thrust unclear触诊心尖搏动正常增强抬举感触不清thrills :N Y (position period) percardial friction rubs:N Y震颤无有（部位时期）心包摩擦感无有Percussion:relative cardiac outline: normal shrink extant (right left ) 叩诊相对浊音界正常缩小扩大（右左）Ausculation: heart rate bpm/min rhythm(regular irregular听诊心率次/分心律（齐不齐）absolutly irrgelar) heart sound:S1 normal increased decreased绝对不齐心音 S1 正常增强减弱split S2 normal increased decreased split分裂 S2 正常增强减弱分裂S3 N Y S4 N Y A2 P2S3 无有 S4 无有 A2 P2Extra heart sound N gallop (diastolic presystotic summalion额外心音无奔马律（舒张期收缩前期重叠gallop) opening snap others murmurs: N Y (degree conduction)开瓣音其他杂音无有（图示并描述传导）Pericardial friction rubs N Y心包摩擦音无有Peripheral vessals: normal pistal shot of big arteries周围血管无异常血管征大血管枪击音Duroziez’s sign water hammer pulse capillary pulsation二重杂音水冲脉毛细血管搏动pulse deficit paradoxical pulse pulsus alternans other脉搏短绌奇脉交替脉其他Abdoman腹部Inspection: shape normal distention frog abdomen( size cm)视诊外形正常膨隆蛙腹（腹围厘米）scaphoid apical abdomen gastral pattern intestinal pattern舟腹尖腹胃型肠型peristalsis abdominal respiration:existance disappear umbilicus:蠕动波腹式呼吸存在消失脐normal protruding excretions others: N Y(venous distention of正常凸出分泌物其他异常无有（腹壁静脉曲张abdoman purple striae surgical scars hernia)条纹手术疤痕疝）Palpation: soft muscle tension position tenderness N Y触诊柔软腹肌紧张部位压痛无有rebound tenderness N Y fluidthtill N Y succussions plash N Y反跳痛无有液波震颤无有振水音无有Mass N Y(position size) discription of feature liver:can’t be 腹部包块无有（部位大小）特征描述肝未触及touched can be touched :subcostal cm under xipfoid process可触及肋下厘米剑突下discription of feature gallbladder: can’t be touched can be touched 特征描述胆囊未触及可触及size cm tenderness N Y Murphy’s sign spleen: can’t be 大小厘米压痛无有 Murphy征脾未触及touched can be touched distance from costal margin cm可触及肋下厘米Kideny:can’t be touched can be touched size consistency肾未触及可触及大小硬度tenderness mobility tenderness of ureters: N Y (position)压痛移动度输尿管压痛点无有（部位）percussion: borders of liver dull(existance shrink obliteration )叩诊肝浊音界（存在缩小消失）Upper borders of liver on right midclavicular line intercostal space 肝上界位于右锁骨中线肋间shifting dullness N Y tenderness in renal region N Y (right left )移动性浊音无有肾区叩痛无有（右左）ausculation : borhorygmus normal increased decreased听诊肠鸣音正常增强减弱disappear gurgling N Y vessal bruits N Y (position)消失气过水声无有血管杂音无有（部位）Genitalia :not examined normal abnormal Rectum and Anus :生殖器未查正常异常肛门直肠not examined normal abnormal未查正常异常Spine and Extremities脊柱四肢Spine : normal deformities (lateral anterior posterior protruding)脊柱正常畸形（侧前后凸）Spinous process : tenderness pain while percussed ( position )棘突压痛叩痛（部位）Mobility : normal restricted extremeties: normal abnormal移动度正常受限四肢正常异常deformity swelling of joints joints stiffness畸形关节红肿关节强直tenderness of muscles atrophy of muscles肌肉压痛肌肉萎缩Venous distention of lower limbs (position and feature ) acropachy下肢静脉曲张（部位及特征）杵状指Nervus System神经系统Abdominal wall reflex ( normal ) muscle tone ( normal )腹壁反射（正常）肌张力（正常）Myodynamia ( degree ) paralysis of limbs N Y (left right肌力（级）肢体瘫痪无有（左右upper lower) biceps reflex left (normal) right (normal)上下）肱二头肌反射左（正常）右（正常） knee jerk left (normal) right( normal) achilles jerk left膝健反射左（正常）右（正常）跟腱反射左(normal) right ( normal )正常右（正常）Hoffmann’s dign left (+)(-) right(+)(-)Hoffmann征左（+）(-) 右（+）（-）Babinski’s sign left(+)（-） right(+)(-)Babinski 左（+）（-）右（+）（-）Kernig’s sign left(+)（-）right(+)(-) othersKernig征左（+）（-）右（+）（-）其他Laboratory findings实验室及器械检查结果（The important laboratory examination .X-ray . ECG and other result areincluded） (重要的化验、X线、心电图及其他有关化验) Nunber of X-ray X线片号Abstract病历摘要Diagnosis(impressions)入院诊断Recorder病史记录者Examiner并使审阅者Date of record记录日期。
关于体考的英语作文
关于体考的英语作文As a crucial part of the college entrance examination, physical examination has been widely concerned by students, parents and educators. In my opinion, physical examination plays an important role in evaluating students' physical fitness and promoting their health.Firstly, physical examination is an effective way to evaluate students' physical fitness. It can help students to know their body conditions, such as height, weight, blood pressure, and so on. Through these data, students can have a comprehensive understanding of their physical strength and weaknesses, which is beneficial for them to improve their physical fitness. Moreover, physical examination can also detect some hidden diseases or potential health problems, such as heart disease and diabetes, which is helpful for early intervention and treatment.Secondly, physical examination can promote students'health. With the development of modern society, people's lifestyle has become more sedentary and unhealthy. Many students spend a lot of time on studying and have little time for exercise, which may lead to physical problems. Physical examination can remind students of the importance of physical exercise and encourage them to develop a healthy lifestyle. Besides, physical examination can also provide some health guidance and suggestions, such as diet and exercise, which can help students to maintain a healthy body.However, there are also some problems with physical examination. For example, some students may feel nervous or anxious during the examination, which may affect the accuracy of the data. Moreover, physical examination may also cause some unnecessary stress or pressure on students, especially those who are not physically fit.In conclusion, physical examination is an important part of the college entrance examination. It can help evaluate students' physical fitness and promote their health. However, we should also pay attention to itspotential problems and try to minimize the negative impact on students.。
肺部体格检查标准操作文字版
肺部体格检查标准操作文字版Performing a thorough physical examination of the lungs is crucial in diagnosing and monitoring respiratory conditions. 肺部的全面体格检查对于诊断和监测呼吸系统疾病至关重要。
A standardized approach to lung examination helps ensure accuracy and consistency in the assessment process. 一个标准化的肺部检查方法有助于确保评估过程的准确性和一致性。
Healthcare providers must follow established protocols and guidelines to conduct a proper lung examination. 医疗保健提供者必须遵循既定的协议和指南进行正确的肺部检查。
The first step in a lung examination is obtaining a comprehensive medical history from the patient. 在肺部检查中的第一步是从病人那里获取全面的病史。
This includes asking about any respiratory symptoms, past medical conditions, smoking history, and exposure to environmental pollutants. 这包括询问任何呼吸系统症状、过去的疾病病史、吸烟史以及暴露于环境污染物的情况。
A thorough medical history provides valuable information that can guide the physical examination and help in determining the underlying cause of any lung abnormalities. 一份全面的病史提供了有价值的信息，可以指导体格检查，并有助于确定任何肺部异常的潜在原因。
体检过程及注意事项英语作文
体检过程及注意事项英语作文英文回答：Physical Exam Procedure and Instructions.A physical exam is a comprehensive evaluation of your overall health conducted by a healthcare professional. It involves checking your vital signs, examining your body, and asking about your medical history and lifestyle. Here's what you can expect during a physical exam and some helpful instructions to ensure a smooth process:Before the Exam:Fasting: May be required for some tests like blood work or imaging.Hydration: Drink plenty of water before the exam for accurate urine analysis.Clothing: Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothingthat allows the doctor to easily examine your body. Avoid wearing jewelry or tight clothing that could restrict movement.Medical History: Gather and bring any relevant medical records, such as previous test results, immunization records, and a list of medications you are currently taking.Insurance: Bring your insurance card for verification and billing purposes.During the Exam:Vital Signs Measurement:Blood Pressure: Measured using a sphygmomanometer to assess the pressure in your arteries.Temperature: Taken orally, rectally, or under the armto check for fever or infection.Pulse: Checked by feeling your radial artery to measure your heart rate and rhythm.Respiratory Rate: Counted by observing your chest movements for a minute to assess your breathing rate.Physical Examination:Head and Neck: Palpation of the thyroid gland, examination of the ears, nose, throat, and lymph nodes.Chest: Stethoscope auscultation to listen to yourheart and lungs, percussion to assess the size and shape of your lungs, and palpation to feel for any abnormalities.Abdomen: Palpation to check for any masses, tenderness, or organ enlargement; auscultation to listen for bowel sounds.Skin: Visual examination to look for any rashes, lesions, or changes in skin color or texture.Neurological: Reflex tests, muscle strength assessment, sensory testing to evaluate your nervous system.Genitourinary: External genital examination for men, pelvic exam for women to check for any abnormalities or infections.Additional Tests:Depending on your medical history or the reason for the exam, your doctor may order additional tests, such as:Blood Work: Blood tests can provide information about your blood cell counts, organ function, electrolyte levels, and blood sugar.Imaging: X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds may be used to visualize your bones, organs, and tissues.Electrocardiogram (ECG): Records the electricalactivity of your heart to assess its rhythm and functionality.Spirometry: Measures lung function by assessing your breathing capacity.After the Exam:Results: Your doctor will discuss the exam results with you, provide any necessary recommendations, and schedule follow-up appointments as needed.Follow-Up: If any abnormalities are found, your doctor may order additional tests or refer you to a specialist for further evaluation.Lifestyle Recommendations: Your doctor may provide suggestions for healthy lifestyle habits, including diet, exercise, and stress management.Additional Instructions:Arrive on time for your appointment to avoid delays.Be open and honest with your doctor about your symptoms, lifestyle, and any concerns you have.Ask questions if you don't understand something or if you have any health-related worries.Keep a record of your medical history and test results for future reference.Follow your doctor's instructions carefully,especially regarding any recommended lifestyle changes or medications.中文回答：体检流程及注意事项。
英语体检作文
英文作文：Title: The Importance of Routine Physical ExamsRoutine physical exams play a crucial role in maintaining our overall health and well-being. They serve as a preventive measure, allowing doctors to detect potential health issues at their earliest stages, often before symptoms even manifest.During a physical exam, a doctor performs a thorough check-up, assessing vital signs like blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate. They also examine the body for any abnormalities or signs of disease. Additionally, routine exams often include blood tests, which can provide valuable insights into one's overall health status.One of the key benefits of regular physical exams is the early detection of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Catching these conditions early on can significantly improve treatment outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.Moreover, physical exams are not just about disease detection; they also promote health awareness and education. Doctors often provide lifestyle advice, such as dietary recommendations and exercise guidance, to help individuals make healthier choices.Lastly, routine physical exams can also serve as a source of comfort and reassurance. They give us a sense of peace knowing that our health is being monitored and any concerns can be addressed promptly.In conclusion, routine physical exams are essential for maintaining good health and preventing potential health issues. They provide us with valuable insights into our bodies, allowing us to make informed decisions about our health and well-being. Let's make it a priority to schedule regular physical exams and invest in our overall health.中文翻译：标题：定期体检的重要性定期体检在维护我们的整体健康和福祉方面起着至关重要的作用。
关于体考的英语小作文
关于体考的英语小作文Title: The Importance of Physical ExaminationPhysical examination plays a crucial role in assessing an individual's overall health and well-being. It involves various tests and measurements to evaluate different aspects of a person's physical condition, such as cardiovascular fitness, strength, flexibility, and body composition.One of the key benefits of physical examination is early detection of potential health issues. By conducting routine tests and screenings, healthcare professionals can identify any abnormalities or warning signs that may indicate underlying health problems. This allows for timely intervention and treatment, preventing more serious health complications in the future.Furthermore, physical examination provides valuable information about an individual's current fitness level andhelps track progress over time. By monitoring changes in physical parameters like body weight, muscle mass, and cardiovascular endurance, one can tailor their exercise and nutrition plan to achieve specific health and fitness goals.In addition, physical examination can also help identify risk factors for chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. By assessing factors like blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar, healthcare providers can offer personalized recommendations for lifestyle modifications to lower the risk of developing these conditions.Moreover, physical examination can serve as a motivational tool for individuals to stay active and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Seeing improvements in various physical markers, such as increased muscle strength or improved flexibility, can boost one's confidence and motivation to continue with their fitness regimen.Overall, physical examination is essential for promoting overall health and well-being. By regularly assessing and monitoring various aspects of physical fitness, individuals can take proactive steps to prevent illness, improve their fitness level, and enhance their quality of life. It is an invaluable tool for promoting a healthy lifestyle and achieving long-term health benefits.。
急性呼吸衰竭处理流程
急性呼吸衰竭处理流程英文回答：Acute Respiratory Failure Management Protocol.Assessment.History:Onset and duration of symptoms.Risk factors (e.g., smoking, lung disease, infection)。
Previous respiratory events.Physical examination:Respiratory rate, effort, and pattern.Auscultation of lungs.Oxygen saturation.Capillary refill time.Investigations.Arterial blood gas:pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3-。
Chest X-ray:To identify underlying lung pathology. Electrocardiogram:To assess for cardiac arrhythmias.Echocardiogram:To assess for cardiac function.Management.Oxygen therapy.Administer high-flow oxygen via nasal cannula or non-rebreather mask.Target oxygen saturation >90%。
Respiratory support.Non-invasive ventilation (NIV): Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)。
Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV): Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.Pharmacological therapy.Bronchodilators: To relieve bronchospasm.Inhaled corticosteroids: To reduce airway inflammation.Antibiotics: If infection is suspected.Sedatives and analgesics: To facilitate mechanical ventilation.Other measures.Positioning: Semi-Fowler's position to improve ventilation.Chest physiotherapy: To clear secretions.Fluid management: To optimize diuresis and preventfluid overload.Monitoring.Vital signs: Respiratory rate, oxygen saturation,blood pressure.Arterial blood gas: To assess oxygenation and ventilation.Chest X-ray: To monitor lung pathology.Disposition.Discharge home with oxygen therapy and follow-up.Transfer to intensive care unit (ICU) for closer monitoring and respiratory support.中文回答：急性呼吸衰竭处理流程。
关于体考英语作文
关于体考英语作文Here is an essay on the topic of "About Physical Examination English Essay" with more than 1000 words, written in English without any additional title or punctuation marks.Physical examinations are an integral part of maintaining good health and ensuring early detection of any underlying medical conditions. In the context of education, physical examinations are often required for students, particularly those participating in sports or other physical activities. The English essay on this topic is an opportunity to explore the importance of physical examinations, the process involved, and the potential benefits for students.One of the primary reasons for conducting physical examinations in an educational setting is to assess the overall physical well-being of students. This assessment includes evaluating factors such as height, weight, blood pressure, and various other vital signs. By gathering this information, healthcare professionals can identify any potential health concerns or risk factors that may require further attention or intervention. Early detection of issues such as cardiovascular problems, respiratory conditions, or musculoskeletal injuries can help prevent more serious complications and ensure that students receivethe necessary medical care.In addition to the medical aspect, physical examinations also serve as a means of ensuring that students are physically fit and capable of participating in various physical activities without putting themselves at undue risk. This is particularly important for students involved in sports, where the physical demands can be quite high. By conducting a thorough examination, healthcare professionals can determine if a student is physically prepared to engage in the required physical activities, reducing the likelihood of injuries or other adverse events.The process of a physical examination typically involves several steps. First, the student will be asked to provide a comprehensive medical history, including any previous health conditions, medications, or allergies. This information is crucial in helping the healthcare professional identify any potential risk factors or areas that require closer attention during the examination.Next, the physical examination itself will be conducted, which may include various tests and assessments. These may include measuring the student's height, weight, and body mass index (BMI), as well as checking their vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate. The healthcare professional may also perform a visual inspection of the student's body, looking for any physical abnormalities or signs of potential health concerns.Depending on the specific requirements or concerns, the physical examination may also include more specialized tests, such as a musculoskeletal assessment to evaluate the student's range of motion, flexibility, and overall physical function. In some cases, the healthcare professional may also recommend additional screening tests, such as blood work or imaging studies, to gather more detailed information about the student's health status.One of the key benefits of regular physical examinations for students is the opportunity to identify and address any underlying health issues early on. By catching potential problems in the initial stages, students can receive the necessary medical treatment or interventions to prevent the condition from worsening or leading to more serious complications. This not only benefits the student's overall health but can also have a positive impact on their academic and athletic performance.Moreover, physical examinations can play a crucial role in promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyle choices among students. During the examination, healthcare professionals can provide guidance and education on topics such as nutrition, exercise, and stress management. By empowering students with this knowledge, they can make more informed decisions about their health and well-being, leading to long-term benefits.Another important aspect of physical examinations in an educational setting is the opportunity to ensure that students are physically capable of participating in various physical activities, such as sports or physical education classes. By evaluating a student's physical fitness, healthcare professionals can determine if they are able to engage in these activities safely, without putting themselves at risk of injury or exacerbating any existing medical conditions.In the event that a student is found to have a health condition or physical limitation that may impact their ability to participate in certain activities, the healthcare professional can work with the student, their family, and the school to develop appropriate accommodations or modifications. This ensures that the student can still participate in physical activities to the extent possible, while also prioritizing their safety and well-being.Overall, the English essay on the topic of physical examinations in an educational setting highlights the importance of this process in maintaining the health and well-being of students. By identifying potential health concerns, ensuring physical fitness, and promoting healthy behaviors, physical examinations can have a significant positive impact on the academic and athletic performance of students, as well as their overall quality of life.。
英语翻译总结的最常用的疾病
英语翻译总结的最常用的疾病英语翻译总结的最常用的疾病篇一：翻译总结的最常用的疾病胃部疾病1 esophagus2 fundus 食道3 cardia 胃底4 pylorus 贲门5 duodenum 幽门6 upper part 十二指肠7 catarrhal gastritis 胃小弯 lower part8 gastritis 胃粘膜炎胃大弯9 polyp gastritis 胃炎10 superficial gastritis 息肉性胃炎11 chronic super facials gastritis 浅表性胃炎12 atrophic gastritis 慢性浅表性胃炎13 erosive gastritis 萎缩性胃炎14 gastric ulcer 15 gastric adenoma 胃溃疡糜烂性胃炎16 gastrorrhagia 17 stomach cramp/convulsion 胃出血胃腺瘤18 saliva 胃痉挛19 antral gastritis 唾液20 helicobacter pylori 胃窦炎21 pyrosis 22 gastric perforation 胃灼热幽门螺旋菌23 pepsin 胃穿孔24 hyaluronic acid 胃蛋白酶肠道疾病透明质酸1 large intestine2 small intestine 大肠3 duodenum4 ascending colon 十二指肠小肠5 transverse colon 升结肠6 descending colon 横结肠7 cecum 降结肠9 rectum 盲肠10 sigmold colon 直肠8 terminal ileum11 appendix 12 colitis阑尾乙状结肠13 gastroenteritis 结肠炎14 enteritis 15 spastic colitis 肠炎胃肠炎16 enterospasm 17 colon dyskinesia 肠痉挛痉挛性结肠炎18 intestinal dysbacteriosis 结肠运动障碍19 intestinal obstruction 20 duodenal ileus 肠梗阻肠道菌群失调=ileus 肠梗阻21 anal fissure 十二指肠梗阻23 piles =hemorrhoids 肛裂24 anal fistula 痔疮25 appendicitis 肛瘘26 ulcerative colitis 阑尾炎27 toxic megacolon 溃疡性结肠炎28 colorectal cancer 中毒性巨结肠29 excrection=bowel 排泄物肠癌（结肠癌，直肠癌）粪便1 回肠末端心脏疾病 1 superior vena cava 上腔大静脉 2 right atrium 右心房 3 left atrium左心房 4 right ventricle 右心室 5 left ventricle 左心室 6 right coronary artery 右冠状动脉 7 left pulmonary artery 左肺动脉8 pericardium心包膜9 great cardiac vein 心大静脉10 valvular 心脏瓣膜 11 mitral valve 二尖瓣 12 arrhythmia心律不齐 13 subaortal stenosis 主动脉瓣血管狭窄 14 angina 心绞痛 15 anemia 贫血16 hypertension 高血压17 hypotension 低血压18 endocarditis 心内膜炎19 myocarditis 心肌炎20 myocardialinfarction 心肌梗塞 21 pericarditis 心包炎 22 atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化 23 CHD coronary heart disease 冠心病 24 palpitation 心悸 25 choking sensation in chest = sense of suppression in the chest胸闷 26 heart attack心脏病 27 pericardial effusion 心包积水28 dyspnea 呼吸困难 29 heart failure 心衰 30 premature beat 早搏 31 theumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病 32 mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄 33 mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣回流 34 heart murmur 心杂音 35 tachycardia 心动过速 36 bradycardia 心动过缓 37 flustered 心慌38 valvular insufficiency 心瓣闭锁不全39 myocardial hypertrophy 心肌肥大40 electrocardiogram ECG心电图41 Computer Tomography scanning CT 42 Color Doppler Imaging 彩超 43 nuclear magnetic resonance imaging =MRI核磁共振 44 bypass surgery 心脏搭桥手术 45 myocardial ischemia 心肌缺血 46 congenital heart disease先天性 47 Thalassemia 地中海性贫血2血管和脑部疾病 1 artery 动脉 2 vein 静脉 3 blood capillary 4 pituitary gland 毛细血管5 hypothalamus 垂体6 brainstem 下丘脑cerebellum 脑干 cerebrum 大脑7 brain concussion小脑8 reactive insanity 脑震荡9 migraine 精神错乱10 cerebral hemorrhage偏头痛11 cerebral infarction脑出血12 cerebral thrombosis 脑梗塞13 haemorrhage=cerebral apoplexy 脑血栓14 epilepsy 脑淤血15 meningitis癫痫16 spinocerebellar ataxia 脑膜炎18psychosis 小脑萎缩19insomnia精神病20 cerebral palsy21 dizziness 22 vertigo头晕脑瘫失眠多梦23 parkinson24 schizophrenia ’眩晕症s diseases =staggers 帕金森病25 depression 26 stoke 抑郁症精神分裂27 hyperglycemia 中风28 hypoglycemia 高血糖29 hyperlipemia 低血糖30 malnutrition 高血脂31 vasculitis 营养不良32 varicose vein血管炎33 leukemia静脉曲张34 angiona白血病35 hemophilia血管瘤36 platelets 血友病血小板3肝脏及胆囊疾病1 right lobe of liver2 left lobe of liver 肝右叶=肝大叶3 hepatic artery肝左叶4 肝动脉5 portal vein ligamenta teres hepatis 肝圆韧带6 hepatitis 门静脉7 fatty liver=fat hepatosis 肝炎8 alcoholic 9 liver cirrhosis liver酒精肝脂肪肝10 11hepatic cyst12 Hepatitis -A肝硬化肝囊肿13 hepatitis B乙肝甲肝14 HBsAg15 liver 阳性 HBeAg 阳性HBcAb 阳性HBsAg HBeAb16 function HBcAb肝功小三阳17 aminotransferase转氨酶18 gallbladderLiver ascites19 cystic 胆囊肝腹水20 common hepatic duct duct 胆管21 common 22 gallbladder dyskinesia bile duct 肝总管胆总管23 24 gallstone cholecystitis 胆囊运动障碍25 bile 26 acute胆汁胆结石胆囊炎cholecystitis 急性胆囊炎27 chronic cholecystitis 慢性胆囊炎28 icterus=jaundice 黄疸29 fibrosis 纤维化大三阳4免疫系统及腺体 1 lymphatic system 淋巴系统 2 immune system 免疫系统 3 lymph vessels 淋巴管 4 lymph node 淋巴结 5 lymphocyte 淋巴细胞6 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS 艾滋病7systemic lupus erythematosus 系统性红斑狼疮8 spleen 脾脏9 lymphoid tissue 淋巴组织10 tonsils 扁桃体11 tonsillitis 扁桃体炎 12 bone marrow 骨髓 13 hemoglobin 红血素14 allergy 过敏症15 rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎16 asthma 哮喘 17 adenoids 扁桃体肿大 18 Thyroid Nodule 甲状腺结节19 Hyperthyroidism 甲亢20 Hypothyroidism 甲减21 B Ultrasonic B 超 22 lymphangitis 淋巴管炎 23 scrofula 淋巴结核 24 splenomegaly 脾肿 25 iodine碘 26 kalium 钾 27 natrium 钠 28 selenium 硒人体八大腺体 1 Conarium 松果体 2 Parathyroid gland 副甲状腺 3 thymus 胸腺 4 thyroid gland 甲状腺 5 pituitary gland 垂体 6 adrenal gland 肾上腺 7 pancreas 胰腺 8 gonad 性腺几种常见药物 1 Penicillin 青霉素 2 aspirin 阿司匹林 3 erythrocin 红霉素 4interferon 干扰素 5 antibiotics 抗生素5篇二：医学阅读肠胃疾病常见的英文表达1. He has a bloated, uncomfortable feeling aftermeal.他饭后肚子觉得胀胀的，很不舒服。
体检证明英语作文格式
体检证明英语作文格式Physical Examination Certificate。
To Whom It May Concern,。
This is to certify that [Full Name] has undergone a comprehensive physical examination at [MedicalCenter/Hospital Name] on [Date]. The purpose of the examination was to assess the individual's overall health and to detect any underlying medical conditions that may require attention.The physical examination included a thorough assessment of the individual's medical history, vital signs, and a comprehensive physical examination. The individual's height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured and found to be within normal limits. Additionally, a complete blood count, urinalysis, and lipid panel were conducted, and the results were all withinnormal ranges.Furthermore, the individual underwent a series of specific tests to evaluate their cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and neurological systems. The results of these tests were all normal, indicating that the individual is in good health and free from any significant medical conditions.In conclusion, based on the findings of the physical examination, it is my professional opinion that [Full Name] is in good health and is fit to participate in anyactivities that may require proof of physical fitness.Should you require any further information or clarification regarding the individual's physical examination, please do not hesitate to contact me at [Contact Information].Sincerely,。
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Deep and fast
Deep and slow
•
Inspection
3. Respiratory rhythm
• • Cheyne-Stokes’ breathing Biot’s breathing _____Decreased excitability of respiratory center Inhibited breathing
4. Vocal resonance (语音共振)
1. Normal breath sound
• Tracheal breath sound • Bronchial breath sound
– Larynx, suprasternal fossa, around 6th, 7th cervical vertebra, 1st, 2nd thoracic vertebra
Grocco’s triangle area (dullness)
Auscultation
Order of auscultation
Sound of auscultation
1. Normal breath sound
2. Abnormal breath sound
3. Adventitious sound
• Atelectasis • Congestive or resolution stage of pneumonia • Pulmo. edema
5. Abnormal sound
• Special areas on percussion in moderate hydrothorax
Garland’s triangle area (tympanitic dullness) Damoiseau’s curve
Anterior midline
Parasternal line
Midclavicular line epigastric angle
Lateral imaginary lines
Posterior axillary line
Anterior axillary line
Midaxillary line
thickening, atelectasis
• •
Vocal fremitus (tactil fremitus) Pleural friction fremitus
– Cellulose exudation in pleura due to pleurisy – Holding breathing embolism disappeared
– – – – – – Abdominal breathing: male adult and child Thoracic breathing: female adult Tachypnea: >20 f/min Bradypnea: <12 f/min Shallow and fast
Respiratory rate: 16-18 f/min
Bronchial
• Vesicular breath sound
– Most area of lungs
Bronchovesicular
2. Abnormal breath sound
• Abnormal vesicular breath sound
• Abnormal bronchial breath sound
5. Abnormal sound
Dullness or flatness
• Decreased containing gas in alveoli
– – – – – – – – – – Pneumonia Atelectasis? TB Pulmo. embolism Pulmo. edema Pulmo. fibrosis Tumor Pulmo. Hydatid (肺包虫) Pneumocystis (肺囊虫) Non-liquefied lung abscess
Bronchial Bronchovesicular
• Bronchovesicular breath sound
– 1st, 2nd intercostal space beside of sternum, the level of 3rd, 4th thoracic vertebra in interscaplar area, apex of lung
3. Classification
– Resonance
•
• •
Normal
Emphysema Cavity or pneumothorax
– Hyperresonance
– Tympany
– Dullness
•
•
Hydrothorax, atelectasis
Massive Hydrothorax
– Flatness
4. Normal sound
• Lung’s sound in percussion • Resonance • Slight dullness in some areas (upper, right, back) due to thickness of muscles and skeletons
4. Normal sound
Border of lungs in percussion • Apex of lungs
– – – Kronig’s isthmus: 5cm in width Narrow: TB, fibrosis wider: emphysema absolute cardiac dullness area 6th, 8th, 10th intercostal space in midclavicular line, midaxillary line, scapular line, respectively Down: emphysema Up: atelectasis, intraabdominal pressure goes up
Physical Examination in Respiratory System
Anterior imaginary lines and landmarks
Suprasternal fossa Supraclavicular fossa
Infraclavicular fossa
Sternal line
Posterior imaginary lines and landmarks
Suprascapular region
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Interscapular region
Infrascapular region
Scapular line
Posterior midline
Anterior view of lobes
– Sudden cessation of breathing due to chest pain
•
• Pleurisy, thoracic trauma
• Sighing breathing
– Depression, intension
Palpation
• Thoracic expansion
– Massive hydrothorax, pneumonia, pleural
• Abnormal bronchovesicular breath sound
Abnormal vesicular breath sound(1)
1) Decreased or disappeared
• • • • • • Movement of thoracic wall Respiratory muscle weakness Obstruction of airway Hydrothorax or pneumothorax Abdominal diseases: ascites, large tumor Movement of respiration
Percussing bottom of lung, marking Asking the pat. to expire deeply and hold Percussing bottom of lung, marking Measuring the dist. between upper and lower lines
Shifting range of bottom of lung
6-8 cm
Decreased: emphysema, atelactasis, fibrosis, pulmo. edema, pneumonia Detected impossibly: pleura adhesion, massive hydrothorax, pneumothorax, diaphragmatic paralysis
5. Abnormal sound
• Dullness, flatness, hyperresonance or tympany appear in the area of supposed resonance. • Unchanged sound (resonance)
– The depth of the lesion > 5 cm – The diameter of the lesion 3 cm – Mild hydrothorax
• No gas in alveoli
• Others
– Hydrothorax – Pleural thickness
5. Abnormal sound
• Hyperresonance
– Emphysema
• Tympany
– Pneumothorax – Large cavity (TB, lung abscess, lung cyst)