Differences in Culture-国际商务
Differences in Culture 文化差异
-规范norms 是规定特定环境下正确行为的社会工作和准则
❖Society refers to a group of people who share a common set of values and norms
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Introduction 介绍
❖Successful international managers need cross-cultural literacy - an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way in which business is practiced
关于一群人认为是好的、正确的和可期望的抽象概念是?
a) Norms 规范 b) Values 价值 c) Folkways 民俗 d) Mores 更多的人或物
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Culture, Society, And The Nation-state 文化，社会和民族国家
❖There is not a strict one-to-one relationship between a society and a nation state
文化Culture 是由一组人共享的一起形成的生活设计的整套价值和规范
-Where values are abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable
国际商务 Differences in Culture
Theme 3: Culture is not static. It can and does evolve.
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1.1 What Is Culture? p54
Culture is a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living. where -values are abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable. -norms are the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations. Society refers to a group of people who share a common set of values and norms.
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2.1.1 Individuals and Groups
p57-8
In many Western societies, there is a focus on the individual, and individual achievement is common. This contributes to the dynamism of the US economy, and high level of entrepreneurship. But, leads to a lack of company loyalty and failure to gain company specific knowledge, competition between individuals in a company instead of than team building, and less ability to develop a strong network of contacts within a firm.
浅谈文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响及对策
目录引言 (2)一、文化差异在国际商务谈判中的体现 (2)1、谈判目标 (2)2、沟通方式 (3)3、时间观念 (3)4、思维方式 (3)二、文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响 (3)1、文化差异对谈判组织的影响 (3)2、文化差异对谈判方式的影响 (4)3、文化差异对沟通过程的影响 (4)4、文化差异对决策方式的影响 (4)5、文化差异对协议形式的影响 (5)6、文化差异对人际关系的影响 (5)三、跨文化谈判的对策 (5)1、合理安排谈判人员 (5)2、理解与尊重对方的文化和风俗习惯 (5)3、不盲目崇外 (5)4、选择合适的谈判方式 (5)5、根据谈判对手来制定谈判策略 (6)四、结束语 (6)参考文献 (7)浅谈文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响及对策摘要：中国加入世界贸易组织后,与世界的融合越来越密切,对外贸易往来与日俱增. ,尊重各国间文化差异显得格外重要，这可能直接影响国际商务交往的效果.由于各国之间存在着巨大的文化差异,各国的谈判者之间很可能出现文化冲突，甚至是不必要的误解。
因此，要想取得有效的谈判，谈判者不仅要了解对方的文化与自己的文化差异，更重要的是应该了解文化因素如何影响谈判。
这样，有助于谈判者预见谈判的进程，及时调整谈判策略，最终达成圆满的协议。
文章通过分析文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响，提出了进行有效沟通的策略和技巧。
关键词:文化差异、国际商务谈判、影响Abstract：After entering into the World Trade Organization, China has established many economic relations with other nations，meanwhile, business contacts among nations get increasingly close，respect for cultural differences between countries is especially important, this could be a direct influence international business communication effect。
查尔斯.希尔《国际商务》课件Chap003 Differences in Culture
Individuals And Groups
In many Western societies, there is a focus on the individual, and individual achievement is common This contributes to the dynamism of the US economy, and high level of entrepreneurship But, leads to a lack of company loyalty and failure to gain company specific knowledge, competition between individuals in a company instead of than team building, and less ability to develop a strong network of contacts within a firm In many Asian societies, the group is the primary unit of social organization This may discourage job switching between firms, encourage lifetime employment systems, and lead to cooperation in solving business problems But, might also suppress individual creativity and initiative
3.2.2 Social Stratification
All societies are stratified on a hierarchical basis into social categories, or social strata While all societies are stratified to some extent, they differ by: the degree of mobility between social strata the significance attached to social strata in business contacts
Culture 国际商务 文化
Culture and the Workplace - How a society‟s culture affects the values found in the workplace. - Management process and practices may need to vary according to culturally determined workrelated values. - Famous study of how culture relates to value in the workplace was undertaken by Geert Hofstede. - Compare dimensions of culture. - 4 dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs collectivism and masculinity vs femininity.
What is Culture? ► Culture: a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living. ► Values: abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right and desirable. ► Norms: the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations.
国际商务PPTChapter03
and network of interpersonal contacts; competition between individuals less ability to build
teams to perform collective tasks.
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Individuals And Groups
There may be a relationship between the culture and the cost of doing business in a country or region.
Culture is not static. – MNEs can contribute to cultural change. (Western fast-food companies)
While all societies are stratified to some extent, they differ by: the degree of mobility between social strata the significance attached to social strata in business
Societies differ in terms of the degree to which the group is viewed as the primary means of social organization.
国际商务实践中的文化差异
国际商务实践中的文化差异在今天的全球化时代，国与国之间的贸易交流越来越频繁，这使得国际商务日趋普及。
国际商务的实践者不仅仅要掌握商业技能，同时还要了解其他国家和地区的文化，因此文化差异成为国际商务实践中的重要问题。
一、文化差异的影响文化差异可以是语言、习俗、宗教等方面的不同，这些方面都会对国际商务实践产生影响。
首先，语言方面的差异会影响到商务谈判的过程。
如果同行之间的语言不同，就需要运用翻译或者采用英语等国际商务通用语言来进行交流。
在商务交流的过程中，翻译要能够正确地传达商务意图，并且确保不会引起无意的得罪或冒犯。
其次，习俗方面的差异也要被考虑到。
各个国家或者地区的习俗可能与我们自己的文化不同，所以需要了解和尊重不同的文化。
例如，在一些中东国家，握手是非常正式的商务礼仪，但在亚洲一些国家中，如日本，鞠躬则是更加受欢迎的商务礼仪。
此外，在多数国家中，给一个礼物或者礼品通常是表示感谢或者敬意的方式，但是在中东某些国家中，这可能会被视为一种贿赂。
最后，宗教信仰差异可能会影响到国际商务的实践。
在具有特定宗教信仰的国家中，例如伊斯兰教国家，商务活动可能会受到忠诚、崇敬等因素的影响。
了解这些宗教信仰对商务活动的影响是很必要的，以确保在商务活动中遵守当地相关的宗教规则。
二、如何处理文化差异作为国际商务的实践者，需要尽可能地了解其他国家和地区的文化和风俗，以更加有效地进行商务交流。
以下是一些应对文化差异的实践建议：1.了解基本常识。
各国的基本礼仪、习俗、饮食、信仰等都不同。
虽然不可能掌握所有国家和地区的信息，但要了解一些基本的文化知识是必要的。
2.做好沟通。
在商务交流中，要关注其他人的面部表情、肢体语言和语气等。
一些文化差异可能导致交流误解，所以尽可能地避免使用含糊不清的语言，确保双方都理解对方的意图。
3.尊重当地文化。
在一些国家或地区中，商业谈判可能伴随着某些特有的仪式或礼节。
在这种情况下，表现出对当地文化的尊重，这将有助于建立良好的关系。
了解不同文化在商务中的作用英语作文
了解不同文化在商务中的作用英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Understanding the Role of Different Cultures in BusinessIn today's globalized world, businesses are engaging in international trade more than ever before. This has led to increased interactions between people from different cultures, making cross-cultural understanding an essential skill in the business world. By understanding and appreciating the role that different cultures play in business, companies can develop more successful international partnerships and avoid cultural misunderstandings that can lead to business failures.One of the key ways in which culture affects business is in communication. Language barriers, differences in communication styles, and varying attitudes towards time can all impact how business is conducted. For example, in some cultures, direct communication is valued, while in others, indirect communication is preferred. Understanding these differences can help businesses navigate communication challenges and build stronger relationships with their international partners.Cultural values also play a significant role in business. Different cultures have varying attitudes towards authority, hierarchy, and decision-making. For example, in some cultures, decisions are made collectively, while in others, they are made by a designated leader. Understanding these differences can help businesses tailor their approach to working with partners from different cultures and avoid conflicts that may arise from mismatched expectations.Additionally, cultural norms and customs can influence business practices such as negotiation, gift-giving, and networking. For example, in some cultures, the negotiation process is seen as a way to build trust and rapport, while in others, it is viewed as adversarial. Understanding these cultural norms can help businesses navigate negotiations more effectively and build stronger partnerships with their international counterparts.In order to succeed in today's global business environment, it is essential for companies to invest in cross-cultural training and education. By developing an understanding of different cultural norms, values, and communication styles, businesses can build stronger relationships with their international partners,avoid cultural misunderstandings, and ultimately, achieve greater success in the global marketplace.Overall, understanding the role of different cultures in business is crucial for companies looking to thrive in the global economy. By recognizing and appreciating the diversity of cultures around the world, businesses can develop more effective strategies for international trade, build stronger relationships with their global partners, and ultimately, achieve greater success in the global marketplace.篇2Understanding the role of different cultures in business is essential in today's globalized world. As companies expand internationally, they encounter a diverse range of cultural values, norms, and behaviors that can impact their success. In this essay, we will explore the significance of understanding different cultures in business and how it can contribute to building strong relationships, enhancing communication, and ultimately driving business growth.Firstly, understanding different cultures in business is crucial for building strong relationships with customers, clients, and business partners. By respecting and honoring the cultural valuesand customs of others, companies can demonstrate their commitment to forming genuine connections and trust. For example, in some Asian cultures, gift-giving is a common practice as a sign of respect and gratitude. By understanding and embracing this tradition, companies can strengthen their relationships with clients and show that they value their business partners' cultural heritage.Furthermore, cultural awareness in business can also enhance communication effectiveness. Language barriers,non-verbal cues, and communication styles can vary significantly across cultures. For instance, in some cultures, indirect communication is preferred over direct communication to avoid conflict and preserve harmony. By recognizing and adapting to these cultural differences, companies can avoid misunderstandings, build rapport, and foster open and constructive dialogues with their stakeholders.Moreover, understanding different cultures in business can help companies navigate the complexities of global markets and expand their reach successfully. Each culture has unique business practices, etiquette, and protocols that can influence how business transactions are conducted. By familiarizing themselves with the cultural nuances of different regions, companies cantailor their marketing strategies, products, and services to align with local preferences and needs. This cultural sensitivity can lead to increased customer satisfaction, loyalty, and market share in diverse markets worldwide.In conclusion, the role of different cultures in business cannot be overstated. By embracing cultural diversity, companies can build strong relationships, enhance communication, and drive business growth in a globalized economy. Through cultural understanding and appreciation, businesses can navigate cultural differences, foster trust and collaboration, and achieve sustainable success in an increasingly interconnected world.篇3Understanding the Role of Different Cultures in BusinessIn today's globalized world, understanding the role of different cultures in business is crucial for success. With the rise of international trade and business transactions, companies are constantly interacting with people from diverse cultural backgrounds. It is important to recognize and appreciate these cultural differences in order to build strong relationships, negotiate effectively, and avoid misunderstandings. In this essay, we will explore how various cultures influence business practicesand provide strategies for navigating cultural differences in the business world.First and foremost, culture plays a significant role in shaping business practices and norms. Different cultures have unique values, beliefs, and customs that influence how business is conducted. For example, in some cultures, building personal relationships and trust is essential before engaging in business transactions. In contrast, other cultures may prioritize efficiency and direct communication in business dealings. Understanding these cultural nuances can help businesses tailor their approach to better meet the needs and expectations of their partners and customers.Moreover, cultural differences impact communication styles and decision-making processes in business. In some cultures, communication tends to be indirect and non-verbal cues are important for conveying messages. This can lead to misunderstandings if not recognized and addressed. Additionally, decision-making processes may vary across cultures, with some cultures valuing consensus and others favoring hierarchical decision-making. By understanding these differences, businesses can adapt their communicationstrategies and decision-making processes to accommodate diverse cultural preferences.Furthermore, cultural differences impact negotiations and conflict resolution in business. In negotiation, cultural differences in communication styles, time orientation, and context can affect the way parties engage and reach agreements. Some cultures may prefer a more collaborative and relationship-focused approach to negotiations, while others may prioritize competitiveness and assertiveness. Understanding these cultural differences can help businesses navigate negotiations effectively and build mutually beneficial partnerships.In addition, cultural differences influence business etiquette and protocol. For example, dress codes, greetings, andgift-giving practices vary across cultures and can impact business relationships. Adhering to cultural norms and showing respect for local customs can help create a positive impression and build trust with business partners. Ignoring or disrespecting cultural etiquette can lead to misunderstandings and jeopardize business opportunities.To navigate cultural differences in business, companies can implement several strategies. Firstly, conducting cultural awareness training for employees can help build culturalcompetence and sensitivity. By educating employees about different cultures and their impact on business practices, companies can foster understanding and collaboration across diverse cultural backgrounds. Secondly, businesses can engage in cross-cultural communication and relationship-building activities, such as cultural exchange programs, language courses, and cultural immersion experiences. These activities can help employees develop intercultural communication skills, empathy, and appreciation for diversity.Furthermore, companies can leverage technology and digital tools to facilitate communication and collaboration across cultures. Virtual meetings, video conferences, and online collaboration platforms can help bridge geographical and cultural barriers, enabling teams to work together effectively despite differences in time zones and communication styles. Technology can also be used to automate processes, streamline operations, and enhance business efficiency in multicultural settings.In conclusion, understanding the role of different cultures in business is essential for navigating the complexities of the global marketplace. By recognizing and appreciating cultural differences, businesses can build strong relationships, negotiateeffectively, and avoid misunderstandings. Cultural competence and sensitivity are critical skills for success in today's interconnected world. By embracing diversity and fostering an inclusive work environment, businesses can thrive in a multicultural business landscape.。
中西方文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响 毕业论文_论文化差异与国际商务谈判
论文化差异与国际商务谈判——中西方文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响摘要中西方历史文化发展的差异性，必然带给人们在商务谈判过程中的强烈反差，尤其是中国加入世贸组织以后，与各国的经济贸易越来越频繁，商务谈判中文化差异带来的影响日益显现，人们越来越意识到对中西方文化差异的了解对谈判商务谈判能否顺利进行起到了至关重要的作用，中国商务谈判人员对此极为关注。
中国商务谈判人员应该深入了解中西方文化差异，分析文化差异对商务谈判的影响并制定与之相应的策略。
关键词：文化差异商务谈判影响策略A bstractIn the development of Western historical and cultural differences, is bound to bring people to the process of business negotiations in a strong contrast, especially after China's accession to the WTO, with more frequent economic and trade, business negotiations, the impact of cultural differences become more and more people become more aware of cultural differences of Chinese and Western understanding of business negotiations in the negotiations can proceed smoothly and played a crucial role in business negotiations in China are extremely concerned about the staff. Chinese business negotiators should be a deeper understanding of Chinese and Western cultural differences, analysis of cultural differences affect business negotiations and to develop corresponding strategies. Key words：Cultural differences business negotiations impact strategy目录1 绪论 (5)2 国际商务谈判与文化差异 (6)3 中西方文化对国际商务谈判的影响 (7)3.1 语言差异及非语言差异对国际商务谈判的影响 (7)3.2 价值观差异对国际商务谈判的影响 (8)3.3 风俗习惯对国际商务谈判的影响 (10)3.4 思维方式差异对国际商务谈判的影响 (11)3 应对国际商务谈判中文化差异的策略 (13)4.1 谈判前做好充分的准备 (13)4.2 克服沟通障碍 (13)4.3 树立跨文化宽容意识，学会换位思考 (14)4.4 发挥自身的文化优势 (14)4.5组建合理的谈判队伍 (14)结论 (15)致谢 (16)参考文献 (17)论文化差异与国际商务谈判——中西方文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响1 绪论文化差异对国际商务谈判影响方面的研究主要是由欧美学者进行的，特别是法国、荷兰、瑞典、阿根廷和俄罗斯。
国际商务的文化差异
国际商务的文化差异在当今全球化的经济环境中，国际商务活动日益频繁。
然而，不同国家和地区之间存在着显著的文化差异，这些差异对国际商务的各个方面都产生了深远的影响。
文化差异首先体现在语言交流上。
语言不仅仅是交流的工具，更是文化的载体。
即使是同一种语言，在不同的国家和地区也可能有不同的含义和用法。
比如，英语在英国、美国、澳大利亚等国家都有各自的特色和习惯表达。
在商务谈判中，如果对对方的语言习惯和文化背景缺乏了解，就可能导致误解和沟通障碍。
一个简单的词汇或短语，在不同的文化中可能会引发完全不同的联想。
例如，“龙”在中国文化中象征着吉祥、权威和力量，但在西方文化中，“龙”常常被视为邪恶的象征。
因此，在国际商务中，准确理解和运用语言是至关重要的。
价值观和信仰的差异也是国际商务中不可忽视的因素。
不同的文化有着不同的价值取向和道德标准。
在一些文化中，个人成就和竞争意识被高度重视；而在另一些文化中，集体利益和和谐关系可能更为重要。
例如，美国文化强调个人主义和竞争，商务决策往往更注重个人的判断和利益。
而在日本，集体主义文化盛行，决策通常是通过团队的共识达成，更注重维护和谐的人际关系。
这种价值观的差异会影响到商务合作的方式、决策过程以及对成功的定义。
商务礼仪和社交规范在不同文化中也存在着很大的差别。
在商务交往中，恰当的礼仪和社交行为能够建立良好的合作关系，而不当的行为则可能破坏合作的可能性。
比如，在一些国家，商务会面时的握手力度、眼神交流和身体距离都有特定的要求；在另一些国家，礼物的赠送和接受有着严格的规则。
在日本，交换名片是一种非常正式和重要的商务礼仪，需要用双手恭敬地递出，并仔细阅读对方的名片。
而在一些西方国家，商务午餐或晚餐是常见的社交场合，但在某些中东国家，由于宗教信仰的原因，在特定的时间段可能会有饮食上的限制。
时间观念也是文化差异的一个重要方面。
有些文化注重准时和效率，将时间视为宝贵的资源，严格按照时间表进行商务活动。
文化差异导致的国际商务交流问题与解决方案
文化差异导致的国际商务交流问题与解决方案1. Introduction1.1 OverviewIn today's interconnected world, international business communication plays a crucial role in fostering global trade and economic development. However, engaging in such communication brings forth various challenges due to cultural differences. Understanding and effectively managing these cultural disparities is essential for successful international business interactions. This article aims to explore the problems arising from cultural differences in international business communication and provide potential solutions to mitigate these challenges.1.2 Article StructureThis article is divided into several sections to comprehensively address the issue of cultural differences in international business communication:- Introduction: Provides an overview of the topic, outlines the structure of the article, and highlights its purpose.- Problems Caused by Cultural Differences: Explores specific issues that arise due to cultural disparities, including communication barriers, divergent business customs, and etiquette variations.- Factors Influencing International Business Communication: Examines the factors that impact cross-cultural interactions in international business, such as language barriers, different perceptions of time, and difficulties related to cross-cultural management.- Addressing Challenges Posed by Cultural Differences: Presents potential solutions for overcoming the challenges caused by cultural disparities, including cultural education and training initiatives, fostering trust and respect among individuals from diverse cultures, and employing local staff or consultants who possess a deep understanding of the target culture.- Conclusion and Recommendations: Summarizes key perspectives discussed throughout the article along with proposed solutions. Stresses the importance of cross-cultural communication skills and suggests measures for addressing future challenges in international business communication.1.3 PurposeThe purpose of this article is to shed light on how cultural differences impact international business communication. By identifying keyproblems caused by cultural disparities and exploring effective solutions, this article seeks to equip individuals engaged in global commerce with knowledge and strategies required to navigate diverse cultures successfully. Ultimately, understanding these complexities will facilitate productive cross-cultural exchanges that lead to fruitful partnerships between organizations worldwide.2. 文化差异导致的问题2.1 沟通障碍文化差异是国际商务交流中最常见的问题之一。
国际商务交流中的文化差异
国际商务交流中的文化差异在进行国际商务交流时，文化冲突的事例是屡见不鲜的。
为了避免这种现象的出现，我们就必须了解掌握本国与异国民族文化的差异。
本文试图谈谈造成文化冲突现象的原因。
标签：国际商务交流文化差异在人类文化中有着许许多多共性的东西，但不可否认，不同的民族有着不同的历史背景、风俗习惯、风土人情、文化传统。
因此，在从事国际商务交流时就必须了解掌握本国与异国民族文化的差异，设法使这些差异在传译过程中消失，同时在译入语中找到准确的词语，使异国文化在译入语中得以再现。
这就是“功能对等（Functional Equivalence）”或“动态对等（Dynamic Equialence）”。
语言（Language）作为文化的一个组成部分，不仅仅是人类思想感情表达与交流的工具，而且是文化的载体。
对同一客观现象，不同的民族语言会给它“刷上不同的颜色”。
由于缺乏了解语言文化背景知识所导致的交际障碍、冲突和误解，被称之为“语用失误（Pragmatic Failure）”。
本文所谈的文化差异不是指语法结构出错而导致的词不达意，是指说话人未能按照西方人的社会风俗、习惯来交谈所造成的失误。
本文就国际商务交流中的文化差异这一现象，谈一谈自己的认识。
一、生活习惯的差异1.称呼与打招呼在西方国家，人们相互间称呼和招呼与我们的习惯差异极大。
比如：小孩对长辈可以直呼其名、年轻人称老年人可在其姓氏前加Mr、Mrs或Miss。
在汉语里，我们常用“老师、经理”等这些表示职业的名词与姓氏连用作称呼语，而在英语中正确的说法是Mr、Mrs、Miss与姓（名）连用，以示尊敬或礼貌。
我们彼此较为熟悉的人见面时，一般用语“吃过了吗？”、“上哪去？”等，而英美人的问候时常用“Good morning”、“How do you do?”、“How are you doing?”，在关系亲密者之间还可用“Hello!”或“Hi!”。
2.寒暄与道别中国人见面寒暄通常是“你多大年纪?”、“结婚了吗?”、“你每月能挣多少钱?”，为了表示对对方的关心，常会说“你又长胖了”、“你又瘦了”。
不同文化背景下的国际商务交流与合作
不同文化背景下的国际商务交流与合作在当今全球化的时代，国际商务交流与合作变得越来越普遍。
不同国家和不同文化背景下的商务交流和合作，需要双方在语言、行为、礼仪等方面做出许多适应和调整，以确保交流和合作的顺利进行。
语言交流是商务交流的重要组成部分。
随着全球化的发展，英语成为了商务交流中的重要语言。
许多非英语国家的商务人士也开始学习英语，并且在日常工作中使用英语。
但在实际的商务交流中，语言的差异和难以理解的口音可能会导致交流失败。
除了要尽可能地使用标准的英语外，商务人士也应该学会倾听和理解对方的语言和文化，以便更好地进行交流。
在商务交往中，国际惯例和礼节也是非常重要的。
不同国家和文化有着不同的礼仪和方式。
例如，在一些西方国家，商务人士经常使用冷静和理性的语言进行交流，而在一些亚洲国家，商务人士可能会更注重表达感情和重视个人关系。
因此，在商务交流过程中，商务人士应该了解对方的文化背景和社会环境，并根据情况做出相应的调整。
另外，不同国家和文化对时间的观念也有着不同。
例如，在某些文化中，迟到被认为是一种不礼貌的行为，而在其他文化中，几分钟的迟到是可以被接受的。
因此，商务人士应该注意对方的时间意识，并尽量保持守时和准时。
此外，商务合作中的法律和规定也需要注意。
商务交流和合作不仅涉及到商业利益，还涉及到各国的法律和规定。
因此，在商务合作之前，商务人士应该了解对方国家的相关法律和规定，并严格遵守。
需要指出的是，在商务交流中，文化差异并不是障碍，而是一种机会。
不同国家和文化的商务人士可以相互学习和取长补短，以构建更加良好的商务合作关系。
通过摆脱文化上的障碍，双方可以更加顺畅地进行商业活动，进一步增进商业联系和合作。
总的来说，国际商务交流和合作是全球化的重要组成部分。
商务人士应该尽可能地了解对方的文化背景和社会环境，以及对方国家的法律和规定。
通过这些日益增多的交流和合作，商界人士能够摆脱文化差异的障碍，进而实现更加紧密的商业合作关系。
文化差异与国际商务
文化差异与国际商务国际商务中常常涉及不同国家和地区之间的合作与交流，而文化差异无疑是影响这些合作和交流的重要因素之一。
在进行国际商务时，了解并尊重对方的文化差异，不仅能够有效地促进合作与交流，还能够避免潜在的误解和冲突。
首先，不同国家的商务习惯和沟通方式存在明显差异。
例如，在中国的商务交流中，与人交往时更注重建立信任和良好的关系。
在会议上，中国人更倾向于使用比较正式且有礼貌的语言，同时会注重说话的技巧和姿态。
而在美国的商务场合中，更注重直接和开放的沟通方式，通常更倾向于使用直接、简洁明了的语言。
因此，在国际商务中，如果不了解并尊重对方的商务习惯和沟通方式，可能会造成合作上的障碍。
其次，文化差异还体现在商务谈判和决策方式上。
在某些国家，如日本和韩国，企业的决策通常是由高层管理层集中决策的，而在美国等西方国家，企业更倾向于以团队合作的方式来做决策。
这些不同的决策模式在国际商务合作中可能会导致沟通和理解上的困难。
因此，企业在进行国际商务时，需要根据不同国家的文化特点，灵活调整自己的决策方式，以便更好地与合作伙伴进行有效的沟通和合作。
除此之外，不同国家和地区的法律和商务规范也存在差异，这也是在国际商务中需要注意的一个重要方面。
特别是在涉及合同签订和知识产权保护等方面，不同国家的法律制度和商务规范有着较大的差异。
因此，在进行国际商务合作时，企业应该对合作伙伴所在国家的法律和商务规范有一定的了解，以确保合作的合法性和可持续性。
总之，文化差异是国际商务中不可忽视的一个因素。
了解并尊重对方的文化差异，能够有效地促进合作与交流。
在国际商务中，我们需要注意商务习惯和沟通方式的差异，遵循各国家的决策模式，以及遵守相关的法律和商务规范。
只有在充分了解并尊重文化差异的基础上，才能够更好地开展国际商务合作，实现互利共赢的目标。
探究国际商务合作中的文化差异
探究国际商务合作中的文化差异国际商务合作中的文化差异是一个复杂而又严峻的问题。
因为不同的国家和地区有着不同的语言、习惯、信仰和文化，这些因素都可能会对商务合作带来影响。
一、语言差异语言差异是国际商务合作中最显著的文化差异。
不同的语言有不同的语言习惯和表达方式，这对于商务合作中的沟通和表达造成了很大的困扰。
很多时候，一些表达方式和措辞的差异甚至可能导致商务合作的失败。
比如英美两国在“公寓”一词的使用上就有差异。
在英国，“flat”是指公寓，在美国，“apartment”则是公寓的代表词。
如果英国的商务人士在与美国的客户交涉时用了“flat”，客户可能会产生误解甚至无法理解。
为了避免文化差异导致的语言障碍，商务人士需要充分了解各自所使用的语言的用法和表达方式，尽量采用通用的语言规范。
二、习惯与礼仪在国际商务合作中，礼仪文化也是一项非常重要的文化差异。
因为不同的文化习惯有着不同的礼仪要求和行为举止，这有可能会影响到商务合作的氛围和成效。
举个例子，许多亚洲国家的人都喜欢在商务场合上轻声细语，表现出一种低调而客气的交流方式。
而在西方国家，商务人士则会更加直接地表达自己的意见和想法，这种方式更加开放且直截了当。
另外，不同的国家和地区对于商务晚宴的安排和礼仪也有着不同的要求。
比如在日本，饭菜的次序十分重要，往往会按照先冷后热、先淡后重的饭菜顺序来安排。
在与日本的商务人士共进晚餐时，应该了解这些礼仪要求，并尊重当地的风俗tradition。
在商务合作中，理解和尊重对方文化习惯是非常重要的，这有可能为合作带来更加紧密的联系和无限的商机。
三、信仰与价值观国际商务合作中，信仰和价值观的差异也可能成为一种文化的障碍。
不同的地区和国家有着不同的信仰和价值观，这可能会影响商务合作的达成和合作的方式。
比如在阿拉伯国家，信仰是非常重要的一部分，穆斯林的祈祷时间和礼拜等活动都在商务交流中存在。
如果商务人士不能够理解和尊重这些要求，很可能会导致大面积的合作失败。
国际商务谈判的文化差异
国际商务谈判的文化差异李之松【摘要】国际商务谈判具有跨文化交际的特征，不同国家的商务人员在参与国际商务谈判的过程中都会体现其本国文化的特点。
国际商务谈判在权力距离、不确定性规避、个人主义和集体主义、男性主义和女性主义、长期取向和短期取向五个维度上存在文化差异。
因此，从文化的视角出发，在国际商务谈判过程中不同国家的商务人员应采取相应的措施，以期实现互相理解、互相尊重、互利共赢、合作高效的国际商务谈判。
%International business negotiation has the characteristics of intercuhural communication, and businesspeople from different countries reflect the characteristics of their culture while participating in international business negotiation. This paper first makes analysis of the concepts of culture and cultural differences, negotiation, business negotiation and international business negotiation, and then explores the features and cultural differences of international business negotiation. Combined with the analysis and studies, from the perspective of cultural differences, the paper mainly proposes suggestions of promoting international business negotiation in order to realize winwin, cooperative and efficient international business negotiation with mutual understanding, mutual respect and mutual benefit.【期刊名称】《河南工程学院学报（社会科学版）》【年(卷),期】2012(027)002【总页数】3页(P25-27)【关键词】国际商务谈判;商务人员;文化差异【作者】李之松【作者单位】广东松山职业技术学院外语系,广东韶关512126【正文语种】中文【中图分类】F740.41一、国际商务谈判的特征国际商务谈判，是指在国际商务活动中处于不同国家或不同地区的商务活动当事人为了达成某笔交易，彼此通过信息交流，就交易的各项要件进行协商的行为过程。
中外文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响外文及翻译
Impacts of Cultural Differences on BusinessNegotiationsⅠ. IntroductionThe business negotiations under different business cultural conditions come to multi-cultural negotiations. With the economic globalization and the frequent business contacts, cultural differences seem to be very important, otherwise they could cause unnecessary misunderstanding, even affect the result of the business negotiations. This means it is very important to know the different culture in different countries and the ways to avoid the culture conflicts in the international business negotiations. The article commences from the definition of the culture in the area of business. Then from the three aspects of communication process, negotiation styles, it explains the influence of cultural differences on international business negotiations, and at the same time it analyzes how to deal with the problems of the business cultural differences correctly in negotiation process . Such a standpoint is emphasized: In the business negotiations between different countries , negotiators should accept the other party's culture, and try to make him be accepted ; then make a correct evaluation with the help of valid communication and discover their real benefits between them . Besides, we should know clearly and try to accept the cultural differences as possible as we can. It is very important for the success of culture negotiations.正式的文化倾向于有组织的等级制度，在地位和权力方面有主要影响。
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Chapter 3
第三章
Differences in Culture 文化差异
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University
Introduction 介绍
Successful international managers need cross-cultural literacy - an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way in which business is practiced 成功地国际管理者需要跨文化读写能力——对国家间和国 家内文化差异怎样影响商业实践方法的理解 A relationship may exist between culture and the costs of doing business in a country or region 在一个国家或地区，文化和兴商业的成本的关系可能存在
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
a) culture 文化 b) social strata 社会阶层 c) social structure 社会结构 d) caste system 等级结构
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University 1-10
Individuals And Groups 个体和群体
A group is an association of two or more people who have a shared sense of identity and who interact with each other in structured ways on the basis of a common set of expectations about each other’s behavior 群体是两个以上的享有认同感并以预先准备的在对对方行 为的共同期望基础上的方式互动的人 Societies differ in terms of the degree to which the group is viewed as the primary means of social organization 群体被看做是基本的社会组织方式导致社会区分
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University 1-9
Classroom Performance System 课堂测试
The basic social organization of a society is its 一个社会的基本社会组织是它的：
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University 1-11
Individuals And Groups 个体和群体
In many Western societies, there is a focus on the individual, and individual achievement is common 很多西方国家普遍关注个人及个人成就 This contributes to the dynamism of the US economy, and high level of entrepreneurship 这有助于美国的经济活力和高水平的企业家精神 But, leads to a lack of company loyalty and failure to gain company specific knowledge, competition between individuals in a company instead of than team building, and less ability to develop a strong network of contacts within a firm 但是，这也导致对企业忠实度的缺失并不能获得企业具体知识，个人 竞争而不是团队建设，建立公司内部的强大的联系网络的能力被削弱
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University 1-4
Values And Norms 价值和规范
Values provide the context within which a society’s norms are established and justified and form the bedrock of a culture 价值提供社会规范建立并证实的环境及形成文化的基石 Norms include folkways (the routine conventions of everyday life) and mores (norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life) 规范包括民俗（日常生活的常规的习俗）和更多的人或物 （规范被认为是社会运转和社会生活的中心）
a) Norms 规范 b) Values 价值 c) Folkways 民俗 d) Mores 更多的人或物
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University 1-6
Culture, Society, And The Nation-state 文化，社会和民族国家
Shandong Economic University
International Business
国际商务
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University
Shandong Economic University
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University 1-8
Social Structure 社会结构
Social structure refers to a society’s basic social organization 社会结构Social structure 指的是社会基本的组织 Two dimensions to consider: 两个思考的维度: the degree to which the basic unit of social organization is the individual, as opposed to the group 维度一：社会组织的基本单位是独立的，区别于群体 the degree to which a society is stratified into classes or castes 维度二：社会分为不同的阶层和等级
There is not a strict one-to-one relationship between a society and a nation state 没有一个严格的社会和民族国家间的一一对应关系 Nation-states are political creations that can contain one or more cultures 民族国家是能够包括一个或更多文化的政治产物 Similarly, a culture can embrace several nations 相似地，一种文化能够在若干国家存在
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University 1-3
What Is Culture? 什么是文化？
Culture is a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living Where 文化Culture 是由一组人共享的一起形成的考虑再哪儿居住的整套价值 和规范 -values are abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable -价值values 是关于一群人认为是好的、正确的和可期望的抽象概念 -norms are the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations -规范norms 是规定特定环境下正确行为的社会工作和准则 Society refers to a group of people who share a common set of values and norms 社会Society 分享一套公共价值和规范的一群人
山东经济学院· 国际贸易学院 School of International Trade, Shandong Economic University 1-12
Individuals And Groups 个体和群体
In many Asian societies, the group is the primary unit of social organization 在很多亚洲社会，群体是社会组织的基本单元 This may discourage job switching between firms, encourage lifetime employment systems, and lead to cooperation in solving business problems 这可能使在公司间跳槽受阻，鼓励终生雇佣的机制，形成 合作以解决商业问题 But, might also suppress individual creativity and initiative 但是，可能会压制个人的创造力和主观能动性