Voice over differentiated services
CDMA缩写大全
BLPA Backplane of LPA LPA框的背板
BMC Broadcast/Multicast Control 广播/多址控制
BOC Bell Operating Company 贝尔运行公司
BPD BDS Power Distribute BDS机柜电源分配模块
AH Authentication Header 鉴权报头
AI Acquisition Indicator 捕获指示
AICH Acquisition Indicator Channel 捕获指示信道
AID Application IDentifier 应用标识符
AIUR Air Interface User Rate 空中接口用户速率
BDM800 800M Baseband Digital Module 微基站800M基带数字模块
BDS Baseband Digital System 基带数字系统
BER Bit Error Ratio 误码率，比特差错率
BGPS Backplane of GPS GPS背板
AK Anonymity key 匿名密钥
ALC Automatic Level Control 自动电平控制
ALCAP Access Link Control Application Protocol 接入链路控制应用协议
ALW Always 一直
AM Acknowledged Mode 应答模式
CBS Cell Broadcast Service 小区广播业务
CC Control Channel 控制信道
CC/PP Composite Capability/Preference Profiles 合成能力/优先档案
电信领域常用的英文缩略语
电信领域常用的英文缩略语16QAM 16-State Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 16状态正交幅度调制2G Second Generation 第二代移动通信3G Third Generation 第三代移动通信3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project 第三代协作项目组织4G Fourth Generation 第四代移动通信AA/D Analog / Digital 模拟/数字A-F Account-Function 计费功能AAA Authentication Authorization Account 验证、授权和计费AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ATM适配层ACF Admission ConFirm 接入确认ACL Access Control List 访问控制列表ACM Address Complete Message 地址全消息AD ADvertisement 广告ADM Add Drop Multiplexer 分插复用器ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 不对称数字用户线AG Access Gateway 接入网关AGCF Access Gateway Control Function 接入网关控制功能AH Authentication Header 认证头AIS Alarm Indication Signal 告警指示信号AKA Authentication and Key Agreement 认证和密钥协商协议ALG Application Level Gateway 应用层网关ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown 自动激光关断AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding 自适应调制和编码AMR Adaptive Multi Rate 自适应多速率AN Access Network 接入网ANM ANswer Message 应答消息ANSI American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准协会AON Active Optical Network 有源光网络API Application Programming Interface 应用编程接口APM Application Transport Mechanism 应用传输机制APON A TM Passive Optical Network A TM无源光网络APR Automatic Power Reduction 自动功率降低ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses 日本无线电产业协会ARJ Admission ReJect 接入拒绝ARPU Average Revenue Per User 平均用户贡献度ARQ Admission ReQuest 接入请求ARQ Automatic Repeat Request 自动请求重传AS Application Server 应用服务器AS-F Application Server-Function 应用服务器功能ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation one 抽象语法记法1ASON Automatic Switched Optical Network 自动交换光网络ASP Application Service Provider 应用服务提供商ASP Abstract Service Primitive 抽象业务原语ASTN Automatic Switched Transport Network 自动交换传输网A T Access Terminal 接入终端ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions 电信业解决方案联盟ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式AUC AUthentication Center 鉴权中心BB-INAP Broadband-Intelligent Network Application Protocol 宽带智能网应用协议B-ISDN Broadband-Integrated Services Digital Network 宽带综合业务数字网B-ISUP Broadband-ISDN User Part 宽带ISDN用户部分B-SCE Broadband-Service Create Environment 宽带业务生成环境B-SCP Broadband-Service Control Point 宽带业务控制点B-SDP Broadband-Service Data Point 宽带业务数据点B-SMS Broadband-Service Manage System 宽带业务管理系统B-SSP Broadband-Service Switch Point 宽带业务交换点B-VPN Broadband Virtual Private Network 宽带虚拟专用网络B3G Beyond 3G 超3GBA Border Agent 边界代理BAS Broadband Access Server 宽带接入服务器BCF Bandwidth ConFirm 带宽确认BCF Bearer Control Function 承载控制功能BCMCS Broadcast and Multicast Service 广播和组播业务BCTP Bearer Control Tunneling Protocol 承载控制隧道协议BCU Bearer Control Unit 承载控制单元BcN Broadband Convergence Network 宽带融合网络BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则BG Border Gateway 边界网关BGCF Breakout Gateway Call Function 出口网关控制功能BGF Border Gateway Function 边界网关功能BGP Border Gateway Protocol 边界网关协议BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts 忙时试呼次数BICC Bearer Independent Call Control 与承载无关的呼叫控制BICSCN Bearer Independent Circuit Switching Core Network 与承载无关的电路交换网络BIP Broadband Intelligent Peripheral 宽带智能外设BIS Bump In the Stack 栈内凸块BIWF Bearer InterWorking Function 承载互通功能BMAC Basic Media Access Control 基本媒体接入控制BMF Bearer Media Function 承载媒体功能BNC Backbone Network Connection 骨干网连接BNF Backus-Nayr Format Backus-Nayr形式BPON Broadband Passive Optical Network 宽带无源光网络BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server 宽带远程接入服务器BRJ Bandwidth ReJect 带宽拒绝BRQ Bandwidth Request 带宽请求BSC Base Station Controller 基站控制器BTS Base Transceiver Station 基站收发信台CC/S Client/Server 客户端/服务器CAC Connection Admission Control 连接允许控制CAMEL Customized Applications for Mobile Network 移动网增强逻辑的客户化应用CAP CAMEL Application Part CAMEL应用部分CAP Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation 无载波幅相调制CATV CAble TeleVision 有线电视CBC Call Bearer Control 呼叫承载控制CBR Constant Bit Rate 固定比特率CCAMP Common Control and Measurement Plane 通用控制和测量平面CCI Connect Control Interface 连接控制接口CCM Call Control Management 呼叫控制管理CCNR Call Completion on No Reply 未应答的呼叫完成CCSA China Communications Standards Association 中国通信标准化协会CCU Call Control Unit 呼叫控制单元CCXML Call Control Extensible Markup Language 呼叫控制可扩展标识语言CDM Code Division Multiplexing 码分复用CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址接入CDR Call Detail Record 呼叫详细记录CDRS Call Detail Record Server 呼叫详细记录服务器CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction 码本激励线性预测CGI Common Gateway Interface 公共网关接口CIC Circuit Identification Code 电路识别码CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing 无类域间路由选择CIF Common Intermediate Format 公共中间格式CIR Committed Information Rate 承诺信息速率CJK China Japan Korea 中日韩合作组织CLI Command Line Interface 命令行接口CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation 主叫号码识别显示CLIR Calling Line Identification Restriction 主叫号码识别限制CLP Cell Loss Priority 信元丢失优先级CM Cable Modem 电缆调制解调器CMIP Common Management Information Protocol 通用管理信息协议CMISE Common Management Information Service Element 公用管理信息业务单元CMN Call Mediation Node 呼叫协调节点CN Core Network 核心网COPS Common Open Policy Service 公共开放策略业务CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture 公共对象请求代理结构CoS Class of Service 业务分类CPE Customer Premises Equipment 用户终端设备CPN Customer Premises Network 用户驻地网CPL Call Processing Language 呼叫处理语言CPS Character Per Second 每秒字符数CR-LDP Constraint-Based Routing Label Distribution Protocol 基于路由受限的标签分发协议CS Circuit Switched 电路交换CS-1 Capability Set 1 能力集1CSA Carrier Service Area 载波服务区CSCF Call Session Control Function 呼叫会话控制功能CSF Call Service Function 呼叫业务功能CSI Circuit Switched Interworking 电路交换域互通CSS Customer Service System 客户服务系统CSSNP Circuit-Switched Service Notification Protocol 电路交换业务通知协议CWDM Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 稀疏波分复用CWTS China Wireless Telecommunication Standards 中国无线通信标准研究组DD/A Digital/Analog 数字/模拟DBA Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment 动态带宽分配DCF Disengage ConFirm 终止确认DCM Distributed Call and Connection Management 分布式呼叫和连接管理DCN Data Communication Network 数据通信网DCS Digital Cross-connect System 数字交叉连接DDN Digital Data Network 数字数据网DDoS Distributed Denial of Service 分布式拒绝服务DDRP Domain to Domain Routing Protocol 域到域路由协议DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication 数字增强型无绳通信DFE Decision Feedback Equalizer 判决反馈均衡器DFT Discrete Fourier Transform 离散傅里叶变换DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 动态主机配置协议DiffServ Differentiated Service 区分服务DMT Discrete Multi-Tone 离散多音频DNS Domain Name Service 域名服务DNS-ALG DNS- Application Level Gateway 域名服务器-应用层代理网关DOPRA Distributed Object-oriented Programmable Real-time Architecture 分布式面向对象可编程实时构架DoS Denial of Service 拒绝服务DP Detection Point 检测点DRJ Disengage ReJect 终止拒绝DRQ Disengage ReQuest 终止请求DS-CDMA Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access 直扩码分多址DSC Downlink Shared Channel 下行链路共享信道DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point DiffServ代码点DSL Digital Subscriber Line 数字用户线DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer 数字用户线接入复用器DSMP Data Service Management Platform 数据业务管理平台DSP Digital Signal Processor 数字信号处理器DSS1 Digital Subscriber Signaling No1 1号数字用户信令DSS2 Digital Subscriber Signaling No.2 2号数字用户信令DSTM Dual Stack Transition Mechanism 双协议栈过渡机制DTE Data Terminal Equipment 数据终端设备DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency 双音多频DU Distribution Unit 分配单元DVC Data V oice Conflux 数据语音合线DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing 密集波分复用DXC Digital Cross Connection 数字交叉连接EE-NNI Exterior-Network Network Interface 外部网络-网络接口EAS Erisson Application Server 爱立信应用服务器ECC Embedded Control Channel 嵌入式控制信道EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺铒光纤放大器EDGE Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution GSM演进增强数据速率EDSL Ethernet Digital Subscriber Line 以太网数字用户线EFM Ethernet in the First Mile 第一英里以太网EFMA Ethernet in the First Mile Alliance 第一英里以太网联盟EIR Equipment Identity Register 设备识别寄存器EIR Excessive Information Rate 额外信息速率EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiation Power 全向有效辐射功率EMF Element Management Function 单元管理功能EML Element Management Layer 网元管理层EMS Element Management System 网元管理系统ENUM E.164 NUMber and DNS E.164号码和域名系统EoVDSL Ethernet over VDSL 基于以太网技术的VDSLEPON Ethernet Passive Optical Network 以太网无源光网络ESCON Enterprise Systems Connection 企业系统互联ESE Expandable Switching Exchange 开放式可编程交换平台ESN Electric Sequence Number 电子序列号ESP Encapsulating Security Payload 封装安全载荷ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institution 欧洲电信标准化委员会EUDCH Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel 增强的上行链路专用信道FF-SCH Forward-Supplemental Channel 前向辅助信道FCS Fast Cell Selection 快速蜂窝选择FCS Frame Check Sequence 帧检验序列FDD Frequency Division Duplex 频分双工FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 光纤分布式数据接口FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing 频分复用FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址FE Fast Ethernet 快速以太网FFT Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅立叶变换FG NGN NGN Focus Group 下一代网络专题组FICON Fiber Connection 光纤互联FISU Fill-In Signal Unit 填充信号单元FITL Fiber In The Loop 环路光纤FMC Fixed Mobile Convergence 固定通信与移动通信融合FPBN Future Packet-Based Networks 未来分组网FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System 未来公众陆地移动通信系统FR Frame Relay 帧中继FSAN Full Service Access Networks 全业务接入网FSTP Fast Spanning Tree Protocol 快速生成树协议FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议FTTB Fiber To The Building 光纤到大楼FTTC Fiber To The Cabinet 光纤到接线柜FTTC Fiber To The Curb 光纤到路边FTTH Fiber To The Home 光纤到户FTTO Fiber To The Office 光纤到办公室GGE Gigabit Ethernet 千兆比特以太网GEM GPON Encapsulation Method GPON封装方法GEPON Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network 千兆比特以太网无源光网络GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network GSM/EDGE无线接入网GFP Generic Framing Procedure 通用成帧规程GGSN Gateway GPRS Supporting Node GPRS网关支持节点GII Global Information Infrastructure 全球信息基础设施GMII Gigabit Media Independent Interface 千兆比特媒体无关接口GMSC Gateway Mobile Switching Center 网关移动交换中心GMPLS Generalized Multiple Protocol Label Switching 通用多协议标签交换GPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network 千兆比特无源光网络GPRS General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线业务GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation 通用路由封装GSM Global System for Mobile Communication 全球移动通信系统GSN GPRS Supporting Nodes GPRS支持节点GSN Gateway Service Node 网关服务节点GSTN General Switched Telephone Network 普通电话交换网GTC GPON Transmission Convergence GPON传输汇聚层GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol GPRS隧道协议GTT Globe Text Telephone 全球文本电话HHARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request 混合自动请求重传HDLC High-level Data Link Control 高级数据链路控制HDR High Data Rate 高数据速率HDSL High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line 高比特率数字用户线HEC Header Error Check 帧头错误检验HFC Hybrid Fiber Coaxial 混合光纤同轴电缆网HLR Home Location Register 归属位置寄存器HS-DPCCH High Speed-Dedicated Physical Control CHannel 高速专用物理控制信道HS-DSCH High Speed-Downlink Shared CHannel 高速下行共享信道HS-SCCH High Speed-Shared Control CHannel 高速共享控制信道HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access 高速下行链路数据分组接入HSPA High Speed Packet Access 高速数据分组接入HSS Home Subscriber Server 归属用户服务器HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access 高速上行链路数据分组接入HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议II-CSCF Interrogating CSCF 查询CSCFI-NNI Inter-Network Network Interface 内部网络-网络接口IACK Information Request ACKnowledgement 信息请求确认IAD Integrated Access Device 综合接入设备IADMS Integrated Access Device Management System 综合接入设备管理系统IAM Initial Address Message 初始地址消息IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 因特网编号分配部门IBCF Internet Border Control Function 因特网边界点控制功能ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol 因特网控制报文协议ICP Internet Content Provider 因特网内容提供商ICV Integrity Check Value 完整性校验值ICW Internet Call Waiting 因特网呼叫等待IDC Internet Data Center 因特网数据中心IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 电子电气工程师协会IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 互联网工程任务组IKE Internet Key Exchange Internet密钥交换IM Instant Message 即时消息IM IP Multimedia IP多媒体IM-SSF IP Multimedia-Service Switching Function IP多媒体业务交换功能IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identifier 国际移动设备识别码IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem IP多媒体子系统IMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium 国际多媒体电视会议联合会IN Intelligent Network 智能网INAP Intelligent Network Application Protocol 智能网应用协议INAK Information Request Negative AcKnowledgement 信息查询否认INES Intelligent Network Entrance System 智能网网关系统IntServ Integrated Service 综合服务ION Intelligent Optical Network 智能光网络IOS Interactive Operating System 交互式操作系统IP Internet Protocol 因特网协议IP Intelligent Peripheral 智能外设IP-CAN IP Connectivity Access Network IP接入网络IPBCP IP Bearer Control Protocol IP承载控制协议IPCC International PacketComm Consortium 国际分组通信论坛IPDC IP Device Control IP设备控制IPSec IP Security IP安全IPTV IP TeleVision IP电视IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange 网间分组交换IRQ Information ReQuest 信息请求IRR Information Request Response 信息请求响应IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol 中间系统到中间系统的路由选择协议ISC International Softswitch Consortium 国际软交换论坛ISC Internal Service Control 因特网业务控制ISCE Integrated Service Creation Environment 综合业务生成环境ISCP Integrated Service Control Point 综合业务控制点ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 综合业务数字网ISDP Integrated Service Data Point 综合业务数据点ISIM IP Multimedia Service Identity Module IP多媒体业务身份模块ISMAP Integrated Service Management Access Point 综合业务管理接入点ISMP Integrated Service Management Point 综合业务管理点ISN Interface Service Node 接口服务节点ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织ISP Internet Service Provider 因特网服务提供商ISSP Integrated Service Switching Point 综合业务交换点ISUP ISDN User Part 综合业务数字网用户部分IT Information Technology 信息技术ITU International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟ITU-T ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector 国际电信联盟电信标准化组织IUA ISDN User Adaptation Layer ISDN用户适配层协议IVR Interactive V oice Response 交互式语音应答IWF InterWorking Function 互通功能JJ2EE Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition Java 2平台企业版JAIN Java APIs for Integrated Networks 综合网络的Java APIsJRG Joint Rapporteur Group 课题报告联合起草小组LL2TP Layer2 Tunneling Protocol 第二层隧道协议LAC Link Access Control 链路接入控制LAN Local Area Network 局域网LAPS Link Access Protocol-SDH SDH链路接入协议LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme 链路容量调整机制LCR Low Chip Rate 低码片速率LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 轻量级目录访问协议LDP Label Distribution Protocol 标签分发协议LE Local Exchange 本地交换机LLID Logical Link Identification 逻辑链路标识LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Services 本地多点分配业务LMP Link Management Protocol 链路管理协议LMT Local Maintenance Terminal 本地维护终端LRM Link Resource Manager 链路资源管理器LS Local Switch 本地交换局LSP Label Switch Path 标签交换路径LSSU Link Statues Signal Unit 链路状态信号单元LSW LAN SWitch 局域网交换机LT Line Terminal 线路终端MM2UA MTP 2 User Adaptation Layer MTP第二级用户适配层M3UA MTP 3 User Adaptation Layer MTP第三级用户适配层M2PA MTP 2 Peer-to-peer Adaptation Layer MTP第二级对等适配层MAC Medium Access Control 媒体接入控制MAI Multiple Access Interference 多址干扰MAN Metropolitan Area Network 城域网MAP Mobile Application Part 移动应用部分MBMS Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service 多媒体广播和组播MC Multi-point Controller 多点控制器MC-CDMA Multiple Carrier-Code Division Multiple Access 多载波码分多址MCF Media Control Function 媒体控制功能MCS Multimedia Communication Server 多媒体通信服务器MCS Multimedia Communication System 多媒体通信系统MCU Multi-point Control Unit 多点控制单元MDCP Media Device Control Protocol 媒体设备控制协议MEID Mobile Equipment Identifier 移动设备标识MFI Multiple Frame Indicator 复帧指示器MG Media Gateway 媒体网关MGC Media Gateway Controller 媒体网关控制器MGC-F Media Gateway Control-Function 媒体网关控制功能MGCF Media Gateway Control Function 媒体网关控制功能MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol 媒体网关控制协议MG-F Media Gateway-Function 媒体网关功能MGU Media Gateway Unit 媒体网关单元MIME Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extension 多用途因特网邮件扩展MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output 多输入多输出MIP Mobile IP 移动IPML-PPP Multi-Link Point to Point Protocol 多链路点对点协议MM Mobility Management 移动性管理MMDS Multi-channel Multi-point Distribution Services 多通道多点分配业务MML Man-Machine Language 人机语言MMS Multimedia Message Service 多媒体消息服务MMSF Media Mapping/Switching Function 媒体映射/交换功能MMUSIC Multiparty Multimedia Session Control 多方多媒体会话控制MP Multi-point Processor 多点处理器MPCP Multi-point Control Protocol 多点控制协议MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group 活动图象专家组MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching 多协议标签交换MRF Media Resource Function 媒体资源功能MRFC Media Resource Function Controller 媒体资源功能控制器MRFP Media Resource Function Processor 媒体资源功能处理器MRS Multimedia Resource Server 多媒体资源服务器MS Mobile Station 移动台MS Media Server 媒体服务器MS-F Media Server-Function 媒体服务器功能MSC Mobile Switching Center 移动交换中心MSID Mobile Station Identifier 移动台标识符MSP Multiplex Section Protection 复用段保护MSTP Multi-Service Transmission Platform 多业务传输平台MSU Message Signal Unit 消息信号单元MTA Message Transfer Agent 消息传输代理MTP Message Transport Part 消息传输部分MTU Maximum Transfer Unit 最大传输单元MUD Multiple User Detection 多用户检测NN-ISDN Narrowband-ISDN 窄带ISDNN-ISUP Narrowband-ISDN User Part 窄带ISDN用户部分NAPT Network Address Port Translation 网络地址端口转换NAS Network Access Server 网络接入服务器NASS Network Attachment Sub-System 网络附着子系统NA T Network Address Translation 网络地址转换NAT/PT Network Address Translation/Protocol Translation 网络地址转换/协议转换NE Network Element 网元NEL Network Element Layer 网元层NGI Next Generation Internet 下一代因特网NGN Next Generation Network 下一代网络NII National Information Infrastructure 国家信息基础设施NMI Network Management Interface 网络管理接口NMI-A Network Management Interface-A 网络管理接口ANMI-T Network Management Interface-T 网络管理接口TNMS Network Management System 网络管理系统NP Network Performance 网络性能NRT-VBR Non Real Time-Variable Bit Rate 非实时可变比特率NSAP Network Service Access Point 网络业务接入点NT Network Terminal 网络终端NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation 日本电话电报公司NU Network Unit 网络单元OOADM Optical Add Drop Multiplexer 光分插复用器OAM Operation Administration and Maintenance 运行、管理和维护OAM&P Operation Administration Maintenance and Provisioning 运行、管理、维护和配置OAN Optical Access Network 光接入网OBS On-line Billing System 在线计费系统ODN Optical Distribution Network 光配线网ODSI Optical Domain Service Interconnect 光域业务互连OEO Optical-Electrical-Optical Converter 光/电/光转换器OFC Optical Fiber Communications 光纤通信OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 正交频分复用OIF Optical Internetworking Forum 光因特网论坛OLS Optical Label Switching 光标签交换OLT Optical Line Terminal 光线路终端OMA Open Mobile Alliance 开放移动联盟OMC-R Operation and Maintenance Center-Radio 无线维护操作中心OMCI ONT Management and Control Interface 光网络终端管理与控制接口OMCI Operations Management Communications Interface 操作管理通信接口OMG Object Management Group 对象管理组ONLY One Number Links You 一号通ONNS Optical Network Navigation System 光网络导航系统ONU Optical Network Unit 光网络单元OPTIS Overlapped PAM Transmission with Interlocking Spectra 频谱互锁重叠的PAM传输OSA Open Service Architecture 开放的业务结构OSI Open Systems Interconnection 开放系统互连OSPF Open Shortest Path First 开放式最短路径优先OSS Operation Support Systems 运营支撑系统OSX Open Service Exchange 开放业务交换平台OTD Observation Time Difference 观察时间差OTN Optical Transport Network 光传输网络OVPN Optical Virtual Private Network 光虚拟专用网OXC Optical Cross Connect 光交叉连接PP-CSCF Proxy CSCF 代理CSCFP2MP Point to Multi-Point 点到多点PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation 脉冲幅度调制PBN Packet Based Networks 分组网络PBS Polarization Beam Splitter 极化光束分离器PBX Private Branch eXchange 用户交换机PC Personal Computer 个人电脑PC Permanent Connection 永久性连接PCF Packet Control Function 分组控制功能实体PCM Pulse Code Modulation 脉冲编码调制PCS Physical Coding Sub-layer 物理编码子层PCS Personal Communication Service 个人通信业务PDF Policy Decision Function 策略判决功能PDN Packet Data Network 分组数据网PDP Policy Decision Point 策略决定点PDSN Packet Data Service Node 分组数据业务节点PDU Protocol Data Unit 协议数据单元PEP Policy Execution Point 策略执行点PER Packet Encoding Rules 分组编码规则PES PSTN Emulation Subsystem PSTN仿真子系统PHS Personal Hand-phone System 个人手持电话系统PI Physical Interface 物理接口PINT PSTN/Internet Internetworking PSTN与Internet的互通PLI PDU Length Indicator 协议数据单元长度指示符PLL Phase Locked Loop 锁相环PLMN Public Land Mobile Network 公用陆地移动网PLOAM Physical Layer OAM 物理层OAMPMA Physical Medium Attachment 物理媒体接入子层PMD Physical Medium Dependent 物理媒体相关子层PNNI Private Network-to-Network Interface 专用网间接口PoC Push to Talk over Cellular 无线一键通POH Path Overhead 通道开销PON Passive Optical Network 无源光网络POP Post Office Protocol 邮局协议PoS Packet over SDH SDH上的IP分组POS Passive Optical Splitter 无源光分路器POTS Plain Old Telephone Service 普通电话业务PPP Point to Point Protocol 点对点协议PPS Pre-Paid Service 预付费PR Packet Ring 分组环PRA Primary Rate Access 基群速率接入PRI Primary Rate Interface 基群速率接口PS Packet Switched 分组交换PSC Pre-paid Service Center 预付费业务中心PSE Personal Service Environment 个人业务环境PSTN Public Telephone Switched Network 公共交换电话网PTM Packet Transfer Mode 分组传输模式PTN Personal Telecommunications Number 个人通信号码PTT Push To Talk 一键通PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit 永久虚电路QQAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 正交幅度调制QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format 四分之一通用中间格式QIB Quality Indicator Bit 质量指示器位QoS Quality of Service 服务质量QPSK Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying 正交相移键控RR-SCH Reverse-Supplementary Channel 反向辅助信道R-SG Roaming Signaling Gateway 漫游信令网关RAB Reverse Activity Bit 反向激活比特RAC Resource Availability Confirm 资源可用确认RACS Resource and Admission Control Subsystem 资源与接入控制子系统RADIUS Remote Access Dial-In User Service 远程接入拨号用户业务RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital subscriber Line 速率自适应数字用户线路RAI Resource Availability Indication 资源可用指示RAN Radio Access Network 无线接入网RAS Registration Admission Status 注册、许可和状态RCF Registration ConFirm 注册确认REL Release 呼叫释放信息RFC Request For Comments 请求评论文档RG Residential Gateway 驻地网关RIP Request In Progress 请求进展RLP Radio Link Protocol 无线链路协议RLU Remote Line Unit 远端用户线单元RNC Radio Network Controller 无线网络控制器RNS Radio Network Subsystem 无线网络子系统RPR Resilient Packet Ring 弹性分组环RRJ Registration ReJect 注册拒绝RRQ Registration ReQuest 注册请求RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol 资源预留协议RSVP-TE Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering 基于流量工程扩展的资源预留协议RTCP Real-time Transfer Control Protocol 实时传输控制协议RTP Real-time Transfer Protocol 实时传输协议RTSP Real-time Streaming Protocol 实时流媒体协议RTU Remote Terminal Unit 远方终端单元RT-VBR Real Time-Variable Bit Rate 实时可变比特率SS-CSCF Serving CSCF 服务CSCFSA Security Association 安全关联SA Smart Antenna 智能天线SACP Service Access Control Point 业务接入控制点SAD Security Association Database 安全关联数据库SAF Special Access Function 特定接入功能SAM Subscriber Application Management 用户应用管理系统SAM Subsequent Address Message 后续地址消息SC Switched Connection 交换式连接SC-F Signaling Conversion Function 信令转换功能SC-TDMA Single Carrier Time Division Multiple Access 单载波时分多址SCCP Signaling Connection control Part 信令连接控制部分SCE Service Creation Environment 业务生成环境SCEP Service Creation Environment Point 业务生成环境点SCF Service Control Function 业务控制功能SCM Sub-Carrier Multiplexing 副载波复用SCN Switched Circuit Network 电路交换网SCP Service Control Point 业务控制点SCS Service Capability Server 业务能力服务器SCTP Stream Control Transport Protocol 流控制传输协议SDF Service Data Function 业务数据功能SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 同步数字系列SDL Simple Data Link 简单数据链路SDM Space Division Multiplexing 空分复用SDMA Space Division Multiple Access 空分多址SDP Service Data Point 业务数据点SDP Session Description Protocol 会话描述协议SDR Software Defined Radio 软件无线电SDSL Single Digital Subscriber Line 单线数字用户线SEP Signaling End Point 信令终结点SG Signaling Gateway 信令网关SGCP Simple Gateway Control Protocol 简单网关控制协议SGF Signaling Gateway Function 信令网关功能SGSN Serving GPRS Supporting Node GPRS服务支持节点SIB Service Independent Building Blocks 基于与业务无关的模块SIGTRAN Signaling Transport 信令传输协议SIIT Stateless IP/ICMP Translation 无状态IP/ICMP转换SIM Subscriber Identity Module 用户身份模块SIP Session Initiation Protocol 会话发起协议SIP-I SIP with Encapsulated ISUP 带有ISUP消息封装的SIP协议SIP-S SIP Servlet 应用于伺服系统的会话发起协议SIP-T Session Initiation Protocol for Telephone 应用于电话网的SIP协议SLA Service Level Agreement 服务等级协议SLF Subscriber Location Function 签约用户定位功能SLR Subscriber Location Router 用户位置路由器SMAP Service Management Access Point 业务管理接入点SMP Service Management Point 业务管理点SMS Service Management System 业务管理系统SMS Short Message Service 短消息业务SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 简单邮件传输协议SN Serving Node 服务节点SNC Sub-Network Connection 子网络连接SNCP Sub-Network Connection Protection 子网连接保护SNI Service Node Interface 业务节点接口SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 简单网络管理协议SNR Signal to Noise Ratio 信噪比SOHO Small Office/Home Office 小办公室/家庭办公室SONET Synchronous Optical Network 光同步网SP Signaling Point 信令点SPAN Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks 高级网络的服务与协议SPC Soft Permanent Connection 软永久连接SPD Security Policy Database 安全策略数据库SPI Security Parameter Index 安全参数索引SPIRITS Service in the PSTN IN Requesting InTernet Service PSTN/IN请求因特网服务业务SPX Sequential Packet eXchange 序列分组交换SQ Sequence Indicator 序列指示器SRBP Signaling Radio Burst Protocol 信令无线突发协议SRF Specialized Resource Function 专用资源功能SRP Spatial Reuse Protocol 空间重用协议SS7 Signaling System 7 7号信令网SSF Service Switching Function 业务交换功能SSP Service Switching Point 业务交换点STC Space-Time Coding 空时编码STC Signaling Transport Converter 信令传输转换器STM Synchronous Transfer Mode 同步传输模式STM-N Synchronous Transport Module Level N 第N级同步传输模块STP Signaling Transfer Point 信令转接点STP Spanning Tree Protocol 生成树协议STS Synchronous Transport Signal 同步传输信号SUA SCCP User Adaptation Layer SCCP用户适配层TT-SG Transport Signaling Gateway 传输信令网关T2P Traffic-to-Pilot 业务到导航信道TACS Total Access Communication System 全接入通信系统TC Transmission Convergence 传输汇聚TCA Terminal Control Area 终端控制区TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part 事物处理应用部分TCP Transmission Control Protocol 传输控制协议TD-CDMA Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access 时分码分多址TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronization Code Division Multiple Access 时分同步码分多址TDD Time Division Duplex 时分双工TDM Time Division Multiplexing 时分复用TDMA Time Division Multiple Access 时分多址TE Terminal Equipment 终端设备TE Traffic Engineering 流量工程TeS Telephony Server 电话服务器TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol 普通文件传输协议TG Trunk Gateway 中继网关TIA Telecommunication Industry Association 电信工业协会TIPHON Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks 透过网络的电信及网际网路通信协议TISPAN Telecommunications and Internet Converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking 电信和互联网融合业务及高级网络协议组TLS Transparent Local Area Network Service 透明局域网业务TML Telephone Markup Langue 电信标记语言TMN Telecommunications Management Network 电信管理网TMSC Trunk Mobile Switching Center 汇接移动交换中心TOS Type Of Service 服务类型TRAU Transcoder and Rate Adapter Unit 码型变换/速率适配器TRIP Telephony Routing over IP IP电话路由TSM TD-SCDMA System for Mobile TD-SCDMA移动通信系统TSN Trunk Service Node 中继服务节点TSP Terminal Supporting Processor 终端支持处理机TTC Telecommunication Technology Committee 日本情报通信技术委员会TTA Telecommunication Technology Association 韩国电气通信技术协会TTI Transmission Time Interval 传输时间间隔TTS Text To Speech 文本转换为语音TU Transaction User 事务用户TUP Telephone User Part 电话用户部分UUAS Universal Audio Server 通用语音服务器UBR Unspecified Bit Rate 未指定比特率UCF Unregistration ConFirm 注销确认UDP User Datagram Protocol 用户数据报协议UE User Equipment 用户设备UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card 通用集成电路卡ULH Ultra Long Haul 超长距离传输UMS User Mobility Service 用户移动服务UMS Unified Messaging Service 统一消息业务UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 通用移动通信系统UNI User Network Interface 用户网络接口UPC Usage Parameter Control 使用参数控制UPT Universal Personal Telecommunication 通用个人通信URI Uniform Resource Identifier 统一资源标识URL Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位器URJ Unregistration ReJect 注销拒绝URQ Unregistration ReQuest 注销请求UBR Unspecified Bit Rate 未指定比特率USB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线USP Universal Signaling Point 通用信令网关UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network 通用地面无线接入网络VV5UA V5.2 User Adaptation Layer V5.2用户适配层VAD Voice Activity Detection 语音激活检测VC Virtual Container 虚容器VC Virtual Channel 虚拟通道VCG Virtual Concatenation Group 虚级联组VCI Virtual Channel Identifier 虚拟通道标识VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers 垂直腔面发射激光器VDSL Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line 甚高速数字用户线VHE Virtual Home Environment 虚拟归属环境VLAN Virtual LAN 虚拟局域网VLR Visited Location Register 拜访位置寄存器VoD Video on Demand 视频点播VoDSL Voice over DSL 在数字用户线上传输语音VoIP Voice over IP IP话音VP Virtual Path 虚拟路径VPG Virtual Path Group 虚拟路径组VPHS Virtual Private Hub Service 虚拟专用Hub业务VPI Virtual Path Identifier 虚拟路径标识VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service 虚拟专用局域网业务。
Packetstorm网络损伤模拟仪白皮书
PacketStorm 网络损伤模拟仪 在可配置且可重复的网络条件下开发并测试IP产品华仪盛科科技有限公司电话: 86-10-51288181电话: 86-10-51288281SI-C-WP-PS0806目录目的...................................................................................................................................................- 3 -引言.....................................................................................................................................................- 3 -目标读者.............................................................................................................................................- 4 -术语.....................................................................................................................................................- 4 -网络条件如何影响数据流.................................................................................................................- 6 -服务质量.............................................................................................................................................- 7 -WAN应用...........................................................................................................................................- 8 -服务质量应用.....................................................................................................................................- 9 -动态仿真...........................................................................................................................................- 10 -运营商网络应用...............................................................................................................................- 11 -PACKETSTORM的技术及产品....................................................................................................- 12 -关于PACKETSTORM COMMUNICATIONS..............................................................................- 14 -目的本文件的目的在于展开网络数据在IP网络中可能遇到的各种损伤的理解，并说明这些条件如何在实验室环境中复制，以应用于产品的开发、测试和质量保证。
华为IAD配置
介绍IAD101S/101/102/104H 设备的命令行使用方法，以及常用配置操作。
登陆配置环境Telnet到待配置的IAD101S/101/102/104H 设备。
此时出现如下界面，并提示输入用户名和密码。
设备默认有一个超级管理者级别的用户，用户名为root，密码为admin。
屏幕上显示“TERMINAL>”的提示符，表示登录系统成功。
IAD101S/101/102/104H 命令行提示符由两部分组成：“固定字符串＋命令模式标识符”。
命令模式标识符表明命令当前所在模式，如“>”表示普通用户模式，“#””表示特权模式。
固定字符串可以在特权模式下使用hostname 配置，系统缺省的固定字符为“TERMINAL”。
例如：将系统缺省的固定主机名修改为iad101h，操作如下。
TERMINAL#hostname iad101hiad101h#命令执行成功后，主机名已经更改为iad101h。
IAD101S/101/102/104H 的命令模式包括：普通用户模式、特权模式、全局配置模式、高级配置模式和以太网交换机模式。
特权模式和全局配置模式具有向下兼容的特点：特权模式下，可执行普通用户模式中的所有命令。
全局配置模式下，可执行普通用户模式和特权模式中的所有命令。
2常用命令IAD101S/101/102/104H常用命令描述如下：进入特权配置模式TERMINAL>enable进入全局配置模式TERMINAL#configure terminal进入以太网交换机配置模式TERMINAL(config)#lanswitch退出当前命令模式进入用户模式disable（任意模式）退出当前命令模式，进入上一级命令模式，也可以退出配置环境exit（任意模式）立即保存TERMINAL #write设置主机名TERMINAL#hostname显示设备版本TERMINAL>display version更改用户密码TERMINAL(config)#terminal user设置本机系统时间TERMINAL#time设置设备所在地域信息TERMINAL(config)# region { CN | HK |BR | EG | GB | CL | SG | US }设置命令行超时时间间隔TERMINAL#terminal timeout注意：为防止系统复位或掉电等意外情况导致数据丢失，请及时使用write 命令保存配置数据。
dscp建议值
DSCP建议值什么是DSCP？DSCP（Differentiated Services Code Point）是一种用于标识IP数据包优先级的字段。
它被用于QoS（Quality of Service）机制中，以确保网络中的不同流量能够得到适当的处理和分配。
DSCP字段位于IP数据包的头部，占据了一个字节（8位），用于指示数据包的优先级和服务等级。
DSCP建议值的重要性DSCP建议值是为了确保网络中的不同类型的流量能够得到适当的处理和分配而设定的。
通过为数据包分配不同的DSCP值，网络设备可以根据这些值来进行优先级处理、队列调度和带宽分配。
这样可以提高网络的性能和用户体验，确保关键应用的优先级和服务质量。
常见的DSCP建议值以下是一些常见的DSCP建议值及其对应的含义：•CS0（0x00）：默认值，表示未分类的流量。
通常被用于普通数据传输，如网页浏览、文件下载等。
在网络拥塞时，这些流量可能会被较低优先级的流量所替代。
•CS1（0x08）：用于低优先级的控制流量，如路由协议交换、SNMP等。
这些流量通常不会占用太多带宽，但需要一定的可靠性。
•CS2（0x10）：用于中等优先级的控制流量，如音频和视频流媒体的控制信令。
这些流量需要一定的带宽和低延迟，以保证流媒体的正常播放。
•CS3（0x18）：用于高优先级的控制流量，如VoIP（Voice over IP）的控制信令。
这些流量需要较高的带宽、低延迟和可靠性，以保证通话质量。
•CS4（0x20）：用于实时流媒体，如视频会议、流媒体直播等。
这些流量需要较高的带宽、低延迟和可靠性，以确保流媒体的实时性和连续性。
•CS5（0x28）：用于网络控制和管理流量，如网络设备的远程管理、网络监控等。
这些流量通常需要较高的带宽和低延迟，以保证对网络设备的及时管理和监控。
•CS6（0x30）：用于网络中的优先级服务（Premium Service）流量。
这些流量通常是由网络服务提供商提供的高质量服务，如专线连接、高速互联网接入等。
通信工程专业英语教案
Ancient systems and optical telegraphy
Early telecommunications included smoke signals and drums. Talking drums1 were used by natives in Africa, New Guinea and South America, and smoke signals in North America and China. Contrary to what one might think, these systems were often used to do more than merely announce the presence of a military camp.
Telephone
The electric telephone was invented in the 1870s; it was based on earlier work with harmonic (multi-signal) telegraphs. The first commercial telephone services were set up in 1878 and 1879 on both sides of the Atlantic in the cities of New Haven and London. Alexander Graham Bell held the master patent for the telephone that was needed for such services in both countries. All other patents for electric telephone devices and features flowed from this master patent.
电信领域常用的英文缩略语
电信领域常用的英文缩略语16QAM 16-State Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 16状态正交幅度调制2G Second Generation 第二代移动通信3G Third Generation 第三代移动通信3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project 第三代协作项目组织4G Fourth Generation 第四代移动通信AA/D Analog / Digital 模拟/数字A-F Account-Function 计费功能AAA Authentication Authorization Account 验证、授权和计费AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ATM适配层ACF Admission ConFirm 接入确认ACL Access Control List 访问控制列表ACM Address Complete Message 地址全消息AD ADvertisement 广告ADM Add Drop Multiplexer 分插复用器ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 不对称数字用户线AG Access Gateway 接入网关AGCF Access Gateway Control Function 接入网关控制功能AH Authentication Header 认证头AIS Alarm Indication Signal 告警指示信号AKA Authentication and Key Agreement 认证和密钥协商协议ALG Application Level Gateway 应用层网关ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown 自动激光关断AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding 自适应调制和编码AMR Adaptive Multi Rate 自适应多速率AN Access Network 接入网ANM ANswer Message 应答消息ANSI American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准协会AON Active Optical Network 有源光网络API Application Programming Interface 应用编程接口APM Application Transport Mechanism 应用传输机制APON A TM Passive Optical Network A TM无源光网络APR Automatic Power Reduction 自动功率降低ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses 日本无线电产业协会ARJ Admission ReJect 接入拒绝ARPU Average Revenue Per User 平均用户贡献度ARQ Admission ReQuest 接入请求ARQ Automatic Repeat Request 自动请求重传AS Application Server 应用服务器AS-F Application Server-Function 应用服务器功能ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation one 抽象语法记法1ASON Automatic Switched Optical Network 自动交换光网络ASP Application Service Provider 应用服务提供商ASP Abstract Service Primitive 抽象业务原语ASTN Automatic Switched Transport Network 自动交换传输网A T Access Terminal 接入终端ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions 电信业解决方案联盟ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式AUC AUthentication Center 鉴权中心BB-INAP Broadband-Intelligent Network Application Protocol 宽带智能网应用协议B-ISDN Broadband-Integrated Services Digital Network 宽带综合业务数字网B-ISUP Broadband-ISDN User Part 宽带ISDN用户部分B-SCE Broadband-Service Create Environment 宽带业务生成环境B-SCP Broadband-Service Control Point 宽带业务控制点B-SDP Broadband-Service Data Point 宽带业务数据点B-SMS Broadband-Service Manage System 宽带业务管理系统B-SSP Broadband-Service Switch Point 宽带业务交换点B-VPN Broadband Virtual Private Network 宽带虚拟专用网络B3G Beyond 3G 超3GBA Border Agent 边界代理BAS Broadband Access Server 宽带接入服务器BCF Bandwidth ConFirm 带宽确认BCF Bearer Control Function 承载控制功能BCMCS Broadcast and Multicast Service 广播和组播业务BCTP Bearer Control Tunneling Protocol 承载控制隧道协议BCU Bearer Control Unit 承载控制单元BcN Broadband Convergence Network 宽带融合网络BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则BG Border Gateway 边界网关BGCF Breakout Gateway Call Function 出口网关控制功能BGF Border Gateway Function 边界网关功能BGP Border Gateway Protocol 边界网关协议BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts 忙时试呼次数BICC Bearer Independent Call Control 与承载无关的呼叫控制BICSCN Bearer Independent Circuit Switching Core Network 与承载无关的电路交换网络BIP Broadband Intelligent Peripheral 宽带智能外设BIS Bump In the Stack 栈内凸块BIWF Bearer InterWorking Function 承载互通功能BMAC Basic Media Access Control 基本媒体接入控制BMF Bearer Media Function 承载媒体功能BNC Backbone Network Connection 骨干网连接BNF Backus-Nayr Format Backus-Nayr形式BPON Broadband Passive Optical Network 宽带无源光网络BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server 宽带远程接入服务器BRJ Bandwidth ReJect 带宽拒绝BRQ Bandwidth Request 带宽请求BSC Base Station Controller 基站控制器BTS Base Transceiver Station 基站收发信台CC/S Client/Server 客户端/服务器CAC Connection Admission Control 连接允许控制CAMEL Customized Applications for Mobile Network 移动网增强逻辑的客户化应用CAP CAMEL Application Part CAMEL应用部分CAP Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation 无载波幅相调制CATV CAble TeleVision 有线电视CBC Call Bearer Control 呼叫承载控制CBR Constant Bit Rate 固定比特率CCAMP Common Control and Measurement Plane 通用控制和测量平面CCI Connect Control Interface 连接控制接口CCM Call Control Management 呼叫控制管理CCNR Call Completion on No Reply 未应答的呼叫完成CCSA China Communications Standards Association 中国通信标准化协会CCU Call Control Unit 呼叫控制单元CCXML Call Control Extensible Markup Language 呼叫控制可扩展标识语言CDM Code Division Multiplexing 码分复用CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址接入CDR Call Detail Record 呼叫详细记录CDRS Call Detail Record Server 呼叫详细记录服务器CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction 码本激励线性预测CGI Common Gateway Interface 公共网关接口CIC Circuit Identification Code 电路识别码CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing 无类域间路由选择CIF Common Intermediate Format 公共中间格式CIR Committed Information Rate 承诺信息速率CJK China Japan Korea 中日韩合作组织CLI Command Line Interface 命令行接口CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation 主叫号码识别显示CLIR Calling Line Identification Restriction 主叫号码识别限制CLP Cell Loss Priority 信元丢失优先级CM Cable Modem 电缆调制解调器CMIP Common Management Information Protocol 通用管理信息协议CMISE Common Management Information Service Element 公用管理信息业务单元CMN Call Mediation Node 呼叫协调节点CN Core Network 核心网COPS Common Open Policy Service 公共开放策略业务CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture 公共对象请求代理结构CoS Class of Service 业务分类CPE Customer Premises Equipment 用户终端设备CPN Customer Premises Network 用户驻地网CPL Call Processing Language 呼叫处理语言CPS Character Per Second 每秒字符数CR-LDP Constraint-Based Routing Label Distribution Protocol 基于路由受限的标签分发协议CS Circuit Switched 电路交换CS-1 Capability Set 1 能力集1CSA Carrier Service Area 载波服务区CSCF Call Session Control Function 呼叫会话控制功能CSF Call Service Function 呼叫业务功能CSI Circuit Switched Interworking 电路交换域互通CSS Customer Service System 客户服务系统CSSNP Circuit-Switched Service Notification Protocol 电路交换业务通知协议CWDM Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 稀疏波分复用CWTS China Wireless Telecommunication Standards 中国无线通信标准研究组DD/A Digital/Analog 数字/模拟DBA Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment 动态带宽分配DCF Disengage ConFirm 终止确认DCM Distributed Call and Connection Management 分布式呼叫和连接管理DCN Data Communication Network 数据通信网DCS Digital Cross-connect System 数字交叉连接DDN Digital Data Network 数字数据网DDoS Distributed Denial of Service 分布式拒绝服务DDRP Domain to Domain Routing Protocol 域到域路由协议DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication 数字增强型无绳通信DFE Decision Feedback Equalizer 判决反馈均衡器DFT Discrete Fourier Transform 离散傅里叶变换DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 动态主机配置协议DiffServ Differentiated Service 区分服务DMT Discrete Multi-Tone 离散多音频DNS Domain Name Service 域名服务DNS-ALG DNS- Application Level Gateway 域名服务器-应用层代理网关DOPRA Distributed Object-oriented Programmable Real-time Architecture 分布式面向对象可编程实时构架DoS Denial of Service 拒绝服务DP Detection Point 检测点DRJ Disengage ReJect 终止拒绝DRQ Disengage ReQuest 终止请求DS-CDMA Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access 直扩码分多址DSC Downlink Shared Channel 下行链路共享信道DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point DiffServ代码点DSL Digital Subscriber Line 数字用户线DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer 数字用户线接入复用器DSMP Data Service Management Platform 数据业务管理平台DSP Digital Signal Processor 数字信号处理器DSS1 Digital Subscriber Signaling No1 1号数字用户信令DSS2 Digital Subscriber Signaling No.2 2号数字用户信令DSTM Dual Stack Transition Mechanism 双协议栈过渡机制DTE Data Terminal Equipment 数据终端设备DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency 双音多频DU Distribution Unit 分配单元DVC Data V oice Conflux 数据语音合线DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing 密集波分复用DXC Digital Cross Connection 数字交叉连接EE-NNI Exterior-Network Network Interface 外部网络-网络接口EAS Erisson Application Server 爱立信应用服务器ECC Embedded Control Channel 嵌入式控制信道EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺铒光纤放大器EDGE Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution GSM演进增强数据速率EDSL Ethernet Digital Subscriber Line 以太网数字用户线EFM Ethernet in the First Mile 第一英里以太网EFMA Ethernet in the First Mile Alliance 第一英里以太网联盟EIR Equipment Identity Register 设备识别寄存器EIR Excessive Information Rate 额外信息速率EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiation Power 全向有效辐射功率EMF Element Management Function 单元管理功能EML Element Management Layer 网元管理层EMS Element Management System 网元管理系统ENUM E.164 NUMber and DNS E.164号码和域名系统EoVDSL Ethernet over VDSL 基于以太网技术的VDSLEPON Ethernet Passive Optical Network 以太网无源光网络ESCON Enterprise Systems Connection 企业系统互联ESE Expandable Switching Exchange 开放式可编程交换平台ESN Electric Sequence Number 电子序列号ESP Encapsulating Security Payload 封装安全载荷ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institution 欧洲电信标准化委员会EUDCH Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel 增强的上行链路专用信道FF-SCH Forward-Supplemental Channel 前向辅助信道FCS Fast Cell Selection 快速蜂窝选择FCS Frame Check Sequence 帧检验序列FDD Frequency Division Duplex 频分双工FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 光纤分布式数据接口FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing 频分复用FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址FE Fast Ethernet 快速以太网FFT Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅立叶变换FG NGN NGN Focus Group 下一代网络专题组FICON Fiber Connection 光纤互联FISU Fill-In Signal Unit 填充信号单元FITL Fiber In The Loop 环路光纤FMC Fixed Mobile Convergence 固定通信与移动通信融合FPBN Future Packet-Based Networks 未来分组网FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System 未来公众陆地移动通信系统FR Frame Relay 帧中继FSAN Full Service Access Networks 全业务接入网FSTP Fast Spanning Tree Protocol 快速生成树协议FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议FTTB Fiber To The Building 光纤到大楼FTTC Fiber To The Cabinet 光纤到接线柜FTTC Fiber To The Curb 光纤到路边FTTH Fiber To The Home 光纤到户FTTO Fiber To The Office 光纤到办公室GGE Gigabit Ethernet 千兆比特以太网GEM GPON Encapsulation Method GPON封装方法GEPON Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network 千兆比特以太网无源光网络GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network GSM/EDGE无线接入网GFP Generic Framing Procedure 通用成帧规程GGSN Gateway GPRS Supporting Node GPRS网关支持节点GII Global Information Infrastructure 全球信息基础设施GMII Gigabit Media Independent Interface 千兆比特媒体无关接口GMSC Gateway Mobile Switching Center 网关移动交换中心GMPLS Generalized Multiple Protocol Label Switching 通用多协议标签交换GPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network 千兆比特无源光网络GPRS General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线业务GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation 通用路由封装GSM Global System for Mobile Communication 全球移动通信系统GSN GPRS Supporting Nodes GPRS支持节点GSN Gateway Service Node 网关服务节点GSTN General Switched Telephone Network 普通电话交换网GTC GPON Transmission Convergence GPON传输汇聚层GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol GPRS隧道协议GTT Globe Text Telephone 全球文本电话HHARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request 混合自动请求重传HDLC High-level Data Link Control 高级数据链路控制HDR High Data Rate 高数据速率HDSL High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line 高比特率数字用户线HEC Header Error Check 帧头错误检验HFC Hybrid Fiber Coaxial 混合光纤同轴电缆网HLR Home Location Register 归属位置寄存器HS-DPCCH High Speed-Dedicated Physical Control CHannel 高速专用物理控制信道HS-DSCH High Speed-Downlink Shared CHannel 高速下行共享信道HS-SCCH High Speed-Shared Control CHannel 高速共享控制信道HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access 高速下行链路数据分组接入HSPA High Speed Packet Access 高速数据分组接入HSS Home Subscriber Server 归属用户服务器HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access 高速上行链路数据分组接入HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议II-CSCF Interrogating CSCF 查询CSCFI-NNI Inter-Network Network Interface 内部网络-网络接口IACK Information Request ACKnowledgement 信息请求确认IAD Integrated Access Device 综合接入设备IADMS Integrated Access Device Management System 综合接入设备管理系统IAM Initial Address Message 初始地址消息IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 因特网编号分配部门IBCF Internet Border Control Function 因特网边界点控制功能ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol 因特网控制报文协议ICP Internet Content Provider 因特网内容提供商ICV Integrity Check Value 完整性校验值ICW Internet Call Waiting 因特网呼叫等待IDC Internet Data Center 因特网数据中心IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 电子电气工程师协会IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 互联网工程任务组IKE Internet Key Exchange Internet密钥交换IM Instant Message 即时消息IM IP Multimedia IP多媒体IM-SSF IP Multimedia-Service Switching Function IP多媒体业务交换功能IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identifier 国际移动设备识别码IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem IP多媒体子系统IMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium 国际多媒体电视会议联合会IN Intelligent Network 智能网INAP Intelligent Network Application Protocol 智能网应用协议INAK Information Request Negative AcKnowledgement 信息查询否认INES Intelligent Network Entrance System 智能网网关系统IntServ Integrated Service 综合服务ION Intelligent Optical Network 智能光网络IOS Interactive Operating System 交互式操作系统IP Internet Protocol 因特网协议IP Intelligent Peripheral 智能外设IP-CAN IP Connectivity Access Network IP接入网络IPBCP IP Bearer Control Protocol IP承载控制协议IPCC International PacketComm Consortium 国际分组通信论坛IPDC IP Device Control IP设备控制IPSec IP Security IP安全IPTV IP TeleVision IP电视IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange 网间分组交换IRQ Information ReQuest 信息请求IRR Information Request Response 信息请求响应IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol 中间系统到中间系统的路由选择协议ISC International Softswitch Consortium 国际软交换论坛ISC Internal Service Control 因特网业务控制ISCE Integrated Service Creation Environment 综合业务生成环境ISCP Integrated Service Control Point 综合业务控制点ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 综合业务数字网ISDP Integrated Service Data Point 综合业务数据点ISIM IP Multimedia Service Identity Module IP多媒体业务身份模块ISMAP Integrated Service Management Access Point 综合业务管理接入点ISMP Integrated Service Management Point 综合业务管理点ISN Interface Service Node 接口服务节点ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织ISP Internet Service Provider 因特网服务提供商ISSP Integrated Service Switching Point 综合业务交换点ISUP ISDN User Part 综合业务数字网用户部分IT Information Technology 信息技术ITU International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟ITU-T ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector 国际电信联盟电信标准化组织IUA ISDN User Adaptation Layer ISDN用户适配层协议IVR Interactive V oice Response 交互式语音应答IWF InterWorking Function 互通功能JJ2EE Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition Java 2平台企业版JAIN Java APIs for Integrated Networks 综合网络的Java APIsJRG Joint Rapporteur Group 课题报告联合起草小组LL2TP Layer2 Tunneling Protocol 第二层隧道协议LAC Link Access Control 链路接入控制LAN Local Area Network 局域网LAPS Link Access Protocol-SDH SDH链路接入协议LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme 链路容量调整机制LCR Low Chip Rate 低码片速率LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 轻量级目录访问协议LDP Label Distribution Protocol 标签分发协议LE Local Exchange 本地交换机LLID Logical Link Identification 逻辑链路标识LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Services 本地多点分配业务LMP Link Management Protocol 链路管理协议LMT Local Maintenance Terminal 本地维护终端LRM Link Resource Manager 链路资源管理器LS Local Switch 本地交换局LSP Label Switch Path 标签交换路径LSSU Link Statues Signal Unit 链路状态信号单元LSW LAN SWitch 局域网交换机LT Line Terminal 线路终端MM2UA MTP 2 User Adaptation Layer MTP第二级用户适配层M3UA MTP 3 User Adaptation Layer MTP第三级用户适配层M2PA MTP 2 Peer-to-peer Adaptation Layer MTP第二级对等适配层MAC Medium Access Control 媒体接入控制MAI Multiple Access Interference 多址干扰MAN Metropolitan Area Network 城域网MAP Mobile Application Part 移动应用部分MBMS Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service 多媒体广播和组播MC Multi-point Controller 多点控制器MC-CDMA Multiple Carrier-Code Division Multiple Access 多载波码分多址MCF Media Control Function 媒体控制功能MCS Multimedia Communication Server 多媒体通信服务器MCS Multimedia Communication System 多媒体通信系统MCU Multi-point Control Unit 多点控制单元MDCP Media Device Control Protocol 媒体设备控制协议MEID Mobile Equipment Identifier 移动设备标识MFI Multiple Frame Indicator 复帧指示器MG Media Gateway 媒体网关MGC Media Gateway Controller 媒体网关控制器MGC-F Media Gateway Control-Function 媒体网关控制功能MGCF Media Gateway Control Function 媒体网关控制功能MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol 媒体网关控制协议MG-F Media Gateway-Function 媒体网关功能MGU Media Gateway Unit 媒体网关单元MIME Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extension 多用途因特网邮件扩展MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output 多输入多输出MIP Mobile IP 移动IPML-PPP Multi-Link Point to Point Protocol 多链路点对点协议MM Mobility Management 移动性管理MMDS Multi-channel Multi-point Distribution Services 多通道多点分配业务MML Man-Machine Language 人机语言MMS Multimedia Message Service 多媒体消息服务MMSF Media Mapping/Switching Function 媒体映射/交换功能MMUSIC Multiparty Multimedia Session Control 多方多媒体会话控制MP Multi-point Processor 多点处理器MPCP Multi-point Control Protocol 多点控制协议MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group 活动图象专家组MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching 多协议标签交换MRF Media Resource Function 媒体资源功能MRFC Media Resource Function Controller 媒体资源功能控制器MRFP Media Resource Function Processor 媒体资源功能处理器MRS Multimedia Resource Server 多媒体资源服务器MS Mobile Station 移动台MS Media Server 媒体服务器MS-F Media Server-Function 媒体服务器功能MSC Mobile Switching Center 移动交换中心MSID Mobile Station Identifier 移动台标识符MSP Multiplex Section Protection 复用段保护MSTP Multi-Service Transmission Platform 多业务传输平台MSU Message Signal Unit 消息信号单元MTA Message Transfer Agent 消息传输代理MTP Message Transport Part 消息传输部分MTU Maximum Transfer Unit 最大传输单元MUD Multiple User Detection 多用户检测NN-ISDN Narrowband-ISDN 窄带ISDNN-ISUP Narrowband-ISDN User Part 窄带ISDN用户部分NAPT Network Address Port Translation 网络地址端口转换NAS Network Access Server 网络接入服务器NASS Network Attachment Sub-System 网络附着子系统NA T Network Address Translation 网络地址转换NAT/PT Network Address Translation/Protocol Translation 网络地址转换/协议转换NE Network Element 网元NEL Network Element Layer 网元层NGI Next Generation Internet 下一代因特网NGN Next Generation Network 下一代网络NII National Information Infrastructure 国家信息基础设施NMI Network Management Interface 网络管理接口NMI-A Network Management Interface-A 网络管理接口ANMI-T Network Management Interface-T 网络管理接口TNMS Network Management System 网络管理系统NP Network Performance 网络性能NRT-VBR Non Real Time-Variable Bit Rate 非实时可变比特率NSAP Network Service Access Point 网络业务接入点NT Network Terminal 网络终端NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation 日本电话电报公司NU Network Unit 网络单元OOADM Optical Add Drop Multiplexer 光分插复用器OAM Operation Administration and Maintenance 运行、管理和维护OAM&P Operation Administration Maintenance and Provisioning 运行、管理、维护和配置OAN Optical Access Network 光接入网OBS On-line Billing System 在线计费系统ODN Optical Distribution Network 光配线网ODSI Optical Domain Service Interconnect 光域业务互连OEO Optical-Electrical-Optical Converter 光/电/光转换器OFC Optical Fiber Communications 光纤通信OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 正交频分复用OIF Optical Internetworking Forum 光因特网论坛OLS Optical Label Switching 光标签交换OLT Optical Line Terminal 光线路终端OMA Open Mobile Alliance 开放移动联盟OMC-R Operation and Maintenance Center-Radio 无线维护操作中心OMCI ONT Management and Control Interface 光网络终端管理与控制接口OMCI Operations Management Communications Interface 操作管理通信接口OMG Object Management Group 对象管理组ONLY One Number Links You 一号通ONNS Optical Network Navigation System 光网络导航系统ONU Optical Network Unit 光网络单元OPTIS Overlapped PAM Transmission with Interlocking Spectra 频谱互锁重叠的PAM传输OSA Open Service Architecture 开放的业务结构OSI Open Systems Interconnection 开放系统互连OSPF Open Shortest Path First 开放式最短路径优先OSS Operation Support Systems 运营支撑系统OSX Open Service Exchange 开放业务交换平台OTD Observation Time Difference 观察时间差OTN Optical Transport Network 光传输网络OVPN Optical Virtual Private Network 光虚拟专用网OXC Optical Cross Connect 光交叉连接PP-CSCF Proxy CSCF 代理CSCFP2MP Point to Multi-Point 点到多点PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation 脉冲幅度调制PBN Packet Based Networks 分组网络PBS Polarization Beam Splitter 极化光束分离器PBX Private Branch eXchange 用户交换机PC Personal Computer 个人电脑PC Permanent Connection 永久性连接PCF Packet Control Function 分组控制功能实体PCM Pulse Code Modulation 脉冲编码调制PCS Physical Coding Sub-layer 物理编码子层PCS Personal Communication Service 个人通信业务PDF Policy Decision Function 策略判决功能PDN Packet Data Network 分组数据网PDP Policy Decision Point 策略决定点PDSN Packet Data Service Node 分组数据业务节点PDU Protocol Data Unit 协议数据单元PEP Policy Execution Point 策略执行点PER Packet Encoding Rules 分组编码规则PES PSTN Emulation Subsystem PSTN仿真子系统PHS Personal Hand-phone System 个人手持电话系统PI Physical Interface 物理接口PINT PSTN/Internet Internetworking PSTN与Internet的互通PLI PDU Length Indicator 协议数据单元长度指示符PLL Phase Locked Loop 锁相环PLMN Public Land Mobile Network 公用陆地移动网PLOAM Physical Layer OAM 物理层OAMPMA Physical Medium Attachment 物理媒体接入子层PMD Physical Medium Dependent 物理媒体相关子层PNNI Private Network-to-Network Interface 专用网间接口PoC Push to Talk over Cellular 无线一键通POH Path Overhead 通道开销PON Passive Optical Network 无源光网络POP Post Office Protocol 邮局协议PoS Packet over SDH SDH上的IP分组POS Passive Optical Splitter 无源光分路器POTS Plain Old Telephone Service 普通电话业务PPP Point to Point Protocol 点对点协议PPS Pre-Paid Service 预付费PR Packet Ring 分组环PRA Primary Rate Access 基群速率接入PRI Primary Rate Interface 基群速率接口PS Packet Switched 分组交换PSC Pre-paid Service Center 预付费业务中心PSE Personal Service Environment 个人业务环境PSTN Public Telephone Switched Network 公共交换电话网PTM Packet Transfer Mode 分组传输模式PTN Personal Telecommunications Number 个人通信号码PTT Push To Talk 一键通PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit 永久虚电路QQAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 正交幅度调制QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format 四分之一通用中间格式QIB Quality Indicator Bit 质量指示器位QoS Quality of Service 服务质量QPSK Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying 正交相移键控RR-SCH Reverse-Supplementary Channel 反向辅助信道R-SG Roaming Signaling Gateway 漫游信令网关RAB Reverse Activity Bit 反向激活比特RAC Resource Availability Confirm 资源可用确认RACS Resource and Admission Control Subsystem 资源与接入控制子系统RADIUS Remote Access Dial-In User Service 远程接入拨号用户业务RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital subscriber Line 速率自适应数字用户线路RAI Resource Availability Indication 资源可用指示RAN Radio Access Network 无线接入网RAS Registration Admission Status 注册、许可和状态RCF Registration ConFirm 注册确认REL Release 呼叫释放信息RFC Request For Comments 请求评论文档RG Residential Gateway 驻地网关RIP Request In Progress 请求进展RLP Radio Link Protocol 无线链路协议RLU Remote Line Unit 远端用户线单元RNC Radio Network Controller 无线网络控制器RNS Radio Network Subsystem 无线网络子系统RPR Resilient Packet Ring 弹性分组环RRJ Registration ReJect 注册拒绝RRQ Registration ReQuest 注册请求RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol 资源预留协议RSVP-TE Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering 基于流量工程扩展的资源预留协议RTCP Real-time Transfer Control Protocol 实时传输控制协议RTP Real-time Transfer Protocol 实时传输协议RTSP Real-time Streaming Protocol 实时流媒体协议RTU Remote Terminal Unit 远方终端单元RT-VBR Real Time-Variable Bit Rate 实时可变比特率SS-CSCF Serving CSCF 服务CSCFSA Security Association 安全关联SA Smart Antenna 智能天线SACP Service Access Control Point 业务接入控制点SAD Security Association Database 安全关联数据库SAF Special Access Function 特定接入功能SAM Subscriber Application Management 用户应用管理系统SAM Subsequent Address Message 后续地址消息SC Switched Connection 交换式连接SC-F Signaling Conversion Function 信令转换功能SC-TDMA Single Carrier Time Division Multiple Access 单载波时分多址SCCP Signaling Connection control Part 信令连接控制部分SCE Service Creation Environment 业务生成环境SCEP Service Creation Environment Point 业务生成环境点SCF Service Control Function 业务控制功能SCM Sub-Carrier Multiplexing 副载波复用SCN Switched Circuit Network 电路交换网SCP Service Control Point 业务控制点SCS Service Capability Server 业务能力服务器SCTP Stream Control Transport Protocol 流控制传输协议SDF Service Data Function 业务数据功能SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 同步数字系列SDL Simple Data Link 简单数据链路SDM Space Division Multiplexing 空分复用SDMA Space Division Multiple Access 空分多址SDP Service Data Point 业务数据点SDP Session Description Protocol 会话描述协议SDR Software Defined Radio 软件无线电SDSL Single Digital Subscriber Line 单线数字用户线SEP Signaling End Point 信令终结点SG Signaling Gateway 信令网关SGCP Simple Gateway Control Protocol 简单网关控制协议SGF Signaling Gateway Function 信令网关功能SGSN Serving GPRS Supporting Node GPRS服务支持节点SIB Service Independent Building Blocks 基于与业务无关的模块SIGTRAN Signaling Transport 信令传输协议SIIT Stateless IP/ICMP Translation 无状态IP/ICMP转换SIM Subscriber Identity Module 用户身份模块SIP Session Initiation Protocol 会话发起协议SIP-I SIP with Encapsulated ISUP 带有ISUP消息封装的SIP协议SIP-S SIP Servlet 应用于伺服系统的会话发起协议SIP-T Session Initiation Protocol for Telephone 应用于电话网的SIP协议SLA Service Level Agreement 服务等级协议SLF Subscriber Location Function 签约用户定位功能SLR Subscriber Location Router 用户位置路由器SMAP Service Management Access Point 业务管理接入点SMP Service Management Point 业务管理点SMS Service Management System 业务管理系统SMS Short Message Service 短消息业务SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 简单邮件传输协议SN Serving Node 服务节点SNC Sub-Network Connection 子网络连接SNCP Sub-Network Connection Protection 子网连接保护SNI Service Node Interface 业务节点接口SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 简单网络管理协议SNR Signal to Noise Ratio 信噪比SOHO Small Office/Home Office 小办公室/家庭办公室SONET Synchronous Optical Network 光同步网SP Signaling Point 信令点SPAN Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks 高级网络的服务与协议SPC Soft Permanent Connection 软永久连接SPD Security Policy Database 安全策略数据库SPI Security Parameter Index 安全参数索引SPIRITS Service in the PSTN IN Requesting InTernet Service PSTN/IN请求因特网服务业务SPX Sequential Packet eXchange 序列分组交换SQ Sequence Indicator 序列指示器SRBP Signaling Radio Burst Protocol 信令无线突发协议SRF Specialized Resource Function 专用资源功能SRP Spatial Reuse Protocol 空间重用协议SS7 Signaling System 7 7号信令网SSF Service Switching Function 业务交换功能SSP Service Switching Point 业务交换点STC Space-Time Coding 空时编码STC Signaling Transport Converter 信令传输转换器STM Synchronous Transfer Mode 同步传输模式STM-N Synchronous Transport Module Level N 第N级同步传输模块STP Signaling Transfer Point 信令转接点STP Spanning Tree Protocol 生成树协议STS Synchronous Transport Signal 同步传输信号SUA SCCP User Adaptation Layer SCCP用户适配层TT-SG Transport Signaling Gateway 传输信令网关T2P Traffic-to-Pilot 业务到导航信道TACS Total Access Communication System 全接入通信系统TC Transmission Convergence 传输汇聚TCA Terminal Control Area 终端控制区TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part 事物处理应用部分TCP Transmission Control Protocol 传输控制协议TD-CDMA Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access 时分码分多址TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronization Code Division Multiple Access 时分同步码分多址TDD Time Division Duplex 时分双工TDM Time Division Multiplexing 时分复用TDMA Time Division Multiple Access 时分多址TE Terminal Equipment 终端设备TE Traffic Engineering 流量工程TeS Telephony Server 电话服务器TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol 普通文件传输协议TG Trunk Gateway 中继网关TIA Telecommunication Industry Association 电信工业协会TIPHON Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks 透过网络的电信及网际网路通信协议TISPAN Telecommunications and Internet Converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking 电信和互联网融合业务及高级网络协议组TLS Transparent Local Area Network Service 透明局域网业务TML Telephone Markup Langue 电信标记语言TMN Telecommunications Management Network 电信管理网TMSC Trunk Mobile Switching Center 汇接移动交换中心TOS Type Of Service 服务类型TRAU Transcoder and Rate Adapter Unit 码型变换/速率适配器TRIP Telephony Routing over IP IP电话路由TSM TD-SCDMA System for Mobile TD-SCDMA移动通信系统TSN Trunk Service Node 中继服务节点TSP Terminal Supporting Processor 终端支持处理机TTC Telecommunication Technology Committee 日本情报通信技术委员会TTA Telecommunication Technology Association 韩国电气通信技术协会TTI Transmission Time Interval 传输时间间隔TTS Text To Speech 文本转换为语音TU Transaction User 事务用户TUP Telephone User Part 电话用户部分UUAS Universal Audio Server 通用语音服务器UBR Unspecified Bit Rate 未指定比特率UCF Unregistration ConFirm 注销确认UDP User Datagram Protocol 用户数据报协议UE User Equipment 用户设备UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card 通用集成电路卡ULH Ultra Long Haul 超长距离传输UMS User Mobility Service 用户移动服务UMS Unified Messaging Service 统一消息业务UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 通用移动通信系统UNI User Network Interface 用户网络接口UPC Usage Parameter Control 使用参数控制UPT Universal Personal Telecommunication 通用个人通信URI Uniform Resource Identifier 统一资源标识URL Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位器URJ Unregistration ReJect 注销拒绝URQ Unregistration ReQuest 注销请求UBR Unspecified Bit Rate 未指定比特率USB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线USP Universal Signaling Point 通用信令网关UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network 通用地面无线接入网络VV5UA V5.2 User Adaptation Layer V5.2用户适配层VAD Voice Activity Detection 语音激活检测VC Virtual Container 虚容器VC Virtual Channel 虚拟通道VCG Virtual Concatenation Group 虚级联组VCI Virtual Channel Identifier 虚拟通道标识VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers 垂直腔面发射激光器VDSL Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line 甚高速数字用户线VHE Virtual Home Environment 虚拟归属环境VLAN Virtual LAN 虚拟局域网VLR Visited Location Register 拜访位置寄存器VoD Video on Demand 视频点播VoDSL Voice over DSL 在数字用户线上传输语音VoIP Voice over IP IP话音VP Virtual Path 虚拟路径VPG Virtual Path Group 虚拟路径组VPHS Virtual Private Hub Service 虚拟专用Hub业务VPI Virtual Path Identifier 虚拟路径标识VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service 虚拟专用局域网业务。
IAD介绍
产品概述目录目录第1章产品简介 (1)1.1 设备简介 (1)1.1.1 IAD101H (1)1.1.2 IAD102H (2)1.1.3 IAD104H (2)1.2 前面板 (2)1.3 后面板 (3)1.3.1 IAD101H (3)1.3.2 IAD102H (5)1.3.3 IAD104H (5)1.4 业务功能 (6)1.5 组网应用 (7)1.5.1 小容量语音数据接入 (8)1.5.2 多种上行方式 (9)第2章产品特点 (10)2.1 高质语音 (10)2.2 易安装性 (10)2.3 易管理性 (10)2.4 易维护性 (11)2.5 高可靠性 (12)2.6 高安全性 (12)第3章系统技术指标和规范 (13)3.1 系统规格 (13)3.2 业务规格 (14)3.3 产品标准 (15)附录A 缩略语表 (17)第1章产品简介IAD（Integrated Access Device）101H/102H/104H综合接入设备（下文简称IAD101H/102H/104H）是华为技术有限公司下一代网络NGN（Next GenerationNetwork）解决方案中的重要部件，用于向公司等用户提供小容量VoIP（Voice overIP）/FoIP（Fax over IP）解决方案。
IAD101H/102H/104H作为VoIP/FoIP媒体接入网关，应用于NGN用户接入层，完成模拟话音与IP包之间的转换，并通过包交换网络传送数据。
同时可通过标准MGCP（Media Gateway Control Protocol）和SIP（Session Initiation Protocol）协议，与华为技术有限公司SoftSwitch配合组网，在SoftSwitch控制下完成主被叫间的话路接续。
IAD101H/102H/104H产品外观如图1-1所示。
图1-1IAD101H/102H/104H设备外观图1.1 设备简介1.1.1 IAD101HIAD101H提供1路POTS用户的IP语音接入，支持1个LAN口和1个WAN口，同时支持PSTN“一机双号”。
IAD132E(T)产品概述
目录第1章产品简介 (1)1.1 网络定位 (1)1.2 业务功能 (2)1.3 系统结构 (2)1.4 实现原理 (4)1.5 组网应用 (4)第2章产品特点 (6)2.1 配置灵活 (6)2.2 高质语音 (6)2.3 多种呼叫模式 (6)2.4 易安装性 (7)2.5 易管理性 (7)2.6 易维护性 (7)2.7 高可靠性 (8)2.8 高安全性 (8)第3章系统技术指标和规范 (9)3.1 系统规格 (9)3.2 业务规格 (9)3.3 产品标准 (10)第4章缩略语表 (12)第1章 产品简介IAD （Integrated Access Device ）132E(T)综合接入设备（下文简称IAD132E(T)是华为技术有限公司下一代网络NGN （Next Generation Network ）解决方案中的重要部件，用以向公司等用户提供小容量VoIP （Voice over IP ）解决方案。
IAD132E(T)通过标准的SIP （Session Initiation Protocol ）协议与软交换设备配合组网，在软交换设备的控制下完成主被叫之间的话路接续。
IAD132E(T)的产品外观如图1-1所示。
图1-1 IAD132E(T)设备外观图1.1 网络定位IAD132E(T)位于NGN 用户接入层，在用户侧可提供模拟用户接入，在网络侧可通过10/100Base-TX 方式上行到IP 分组网，其在网络中位置如图1-2所示。
H.323GKMRS3rd Party ServerSoftSwitchEphoneSIP AMG5000SIPAAASCPTMGSoftSwitchIAD132E(T)TMG SGPSTNPSTNIP 网SIP TerminalIAD ：综合接入设备 AAA ：认证、授权和计费 SCP ：业务控制点3rd Party Server ：第三方服务器 MRS ：媒体资源服务器SofiSwitch ：软交换机 SG ：信令网关TMG ：中继媒体网关 AMG ：接入网关 Ephone ：以太网电话机图1-2IAD132E(T)在NGN网络中的位置1.2 业务功能IAD132E(T)可提供丰富的语音业务，如下所示：1. 语音业务●支持传统PSTN电话业务。
电信领域常用的英文缩略语
电信领域常用的英文缩略语16QAM 16-State Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 16状态正交幅度调制2G Second Generation 第二代移动通信3G Third Generation 第三代移动通信3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project 第三代协作项目组织4G Fourth Generation 第四代移动通信AA/D Analog / Digital 模拟/数字A-F Account-Function 计费功能AAA Authentication Authorization Account 验证、授权和计费AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ATM适配层ACF Admission ConFirm 接入确认ACL Access Control List 访问控制列表ACM Address Complete Message 地址全消息AD ADvertisement 广告ADM Add Drop Multiplexer 分插复用器ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 不对称数字用户线AG Access Gateway 接入网关AGCF Access Gateway Control Function 接入网关控制功能AH Authentication Header 认证头AIS Alarm Indication Signal 告警指示信号AKA Authentication and Key Agreement 认证和密钥协商协议ALG Application Level Gateway 应用层网关ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown 自动激光关断AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding 自适应调制和编码AMR Adaptive Multi Rate 自适应多速率AN Access Network 接入网ANM ANswer Message 应答消息ANSI American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准协会AON Active Optical Network 有源光网络API Application Programming Interface 应用编程接口APM Application Transport Mechanism 应用传输机制APON A TM Passive Optical Network A TM无源光网络APR Automatic Power Reduction 自动功率降低ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses 日本无线电产业协会ARJ Admission ReJect 接入拒绝ARPU Average Revenue Per User 平均用户贡献度ARQ Admission ReQuest 接入请求ARQ Automatic Repeat Request 自动请求重传AS Application Server 应用服务器AS-F Application Server-Function 应用服务器功能ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation one 抽象语法记法1ASON Automatic Switched Optical Network 自动交换光网络ASP Application Service Provider 应用服务提供商ASP Abstract Service Primitive 抽象业务原语ASTN Automatic Switched Transport Network 自动交换传输网A T Access Terminal 接入终端ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions 电信业解决方案联盟ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式AUC AUthentication Center 鉴权中心BB-INAP Broadband-Intelligent Network Application Protocol 宽带智能网应用协议B-ISDN Broadband-Integrated Services Digital Network 宽带综合业务数字网B-ISUP Broadband-ISDN User Part 宽带ISDN用户部分B-SCE Broadband-Service Create Environment 宽带业务生成环境B-SCP Broadband-Service Control Point 宽带业务控制点B-SDP Broadband-Service Data Point 宽带业务数据点B-SMS Broadband-Service Manage System 宽带业务管理系统B-SSP Broadband-Service Switch Point 宽带业务交换点B-VPN Broadband Virtual Private Network 宽带虚拟专用网络B3G Beyond 3G 超3GBA Border Agent 边界代理BAS Broadband Access Server 宽带接入服务器BCF Bandwidth ConFirm 带宽确认BCF Bearer Control Function 承载控制功能BCMCS Broadcast and Multicast Service 广播和组播业务BCTP Bearer Control Tunneling Protocol 承载控制隧道协议BCU Bearer Control Unit 承载控制单元BcN Broadband Convergence Network 宽带融合网络BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则BG Border Gateway 边界网关BGCF Breakout Gateway Call Function 出口网关控制功能BGF Border Gateway Function 边界网关功能BGP Border Gateway Protocol 边界网关协议BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts 忙时试呼次数BICC Bearer Independent Call Control 与承载无关的呼叫控制BICSCN Bearer Independent Circuit Switching Core Network 与承载无关的电路交换网络BIP Broadband Intelligent Peripheral 宽带智能外设BIS Bump In the Stack 栈内凸块BIWF Bearer InterWorking Function 承载互通功能BMAC Basic Media Access Control 基本媒体接入控制BMF Bearer Media Function 承载媒体功能BNC Backbone Network Connection 骨干网连接BNF Backus-Nayr Format Backus-Nayr形式BPON Broadband Passive Optical Network 宽带无源光网络BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server 宽带远程接入服务器BRJ Bandwidth ReJect 带宽拒绝BRQ Bandwidth Request 带宽请求BSC Base Station Controller 基站控制器BTS Base Transceiver Station 基站收发信台CC/S Client/Server 客户端/服务器CAC Connection Admission Control 连接允许控制CAMEL Customized Applications for Mobile Network 移动网增强逻辑的客户化应用CAP CAMEL Application Part CAMEL应用部分CAP Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation 无载波幅相调制CATV CAble TeleVision 有线电视CBC Call Bearer Control 呼叫承载控制CBR Constant Bit Rate 固定比特率CCAMP Common Control and Measurement Plane 通用控制和测量平面CCI Connect Control Interface 连接控制接口CCM Call Control Management 呼叫控制管理CCNR Call Completion on No Reply 未应答的呼叫完成CCSA China Communications Standards Association 中国通信标准化协会CCU Call Control Unit 呼叫控制单元CCXML Call Control Extensible Markup Language 呼叫控制可扩展标识语言CDM Code Division Multiplexing 码分复用CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址接入CDR Call Detail Record 呼叫详细记录CDRS Call Detail Record Server 呼叫详细记录服务器CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction 码本激励线性预测CGI Common Gateway Interface 公共网关接口CIC Circuit Identification Code 电路识别码CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing 无类域间路由选择CIF Common Intermediate Format 公共中间格式CIR Committed Information Rate 承诺信息速率CJK China Japan Korea 中日韩合作组织CLI Command Line Interface 命令行接口CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation 主叫号码识别显示CLIR Calling Line Identification Restriction 主叫号码识别限制CLP Cell Loss Priority 信元丢失优先级CM Cable Modem 电缆调制解调器CMIP Common Management Information Protocol 通用管理信息协议CMISE Common Management Information Service Element 公用管理信息业务单元CMN Call Mediation Node 呼叫协调节点CN Core Network 核心网COPS Common Open Policy Service 公共开放策略业务CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture 公共对象请求代理结构CoS Class of Service 业务分类CPE Customer Premises Equipment 用户终端设备CPN Customer Premises Network 用户驻地网CPL Call Processing Language 呼叫处理语言CPS Character Per Second 每秒字符数CR-LDP Constraint-Based Routing Label Distribution Protocol 基于路由受限的标签分发协议CS Circuit Switched 电路交换CS-1 Capability Set 1 能力集1CSA Carrier Service Area 载波服务区CSCF Call Session Control Function 呼叫会话控制功能CSF Call Service Function 呼叫业务功能CSI Circuit Switched Interworking 电路交换域互通CSS Customer Service System 客户服务系统CSSNP Circuit-Switched Service Notification Protocol 电路交换业务通知协议CWDM Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 稀疏波分复用CWTS China Wireless Telecommunication Standards 中国无线通信标准研究组DD/A Digital/Analog 数字/模拟DBA Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment 动态带宽分配DCF Disengage ConFirm 终止确认DCM Distributed Call and Connection Management 分布式呼叫和连接管理DCN Data Communication Network 数据通信网DCS Digital Cross-connect System 数字交叉连接DDN Digital Data Network 数字数据网DDoS Distributed Denial of Service 分布式拒绝服务DDRP Domain to Domain Routing Protocol 域到域路由协议DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication 数字增强型无绳通信DFE Decision Feedback Equalizer 判决反馈均衡器DFT Discrete Fourier Transform 离散傅里叶变换DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 动态主机配置协议DiffServ Differentiated Service 区分服务DMT Discrete Multi-Tone 离散多音频DNS Domain Name Service 域名服务DNS-ALG DNS- Application Level Gateway 域名服务器-应用层代理网关DOPRA Distributed Object-oriented Programmable Real-time Architecture 分布式面向对象可编程实时构架DoS Denial of Service 拒绝服务DP Detection Point 检测点DRJ Disengage ReJect 终止拒绝DRQ Disengage ReQuest 终止请求DS-CDMA Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access 直扩码分多址DSC Downlink Shared Channel 下行链路共享信道DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point DiffServ代码点DSL Digital Subscriber Line 数字用户线DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer 数字用户线接入复用器DSMP Data Service Management Platform 数据业务管理平台DSP Digital Signal Processor 数字信号处理器DSS1 Digital Subscriber Signaling No1 1号数字用户信令DSS2 Digital Subscriber Signaling No.2 2号数字用户信令DSTM Dual Stack Transition Mechanism 双协议栈过渡机制DTE Data Terminal Equipment 数据终端设备DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency 双音多频DU Distribution Unit 分配单元DVC Data V oice Conflux 数据语音合线DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing 密集波分复用DXC Digital Cross Connection 数字交叉连接EE-NNI Exterior-Network Network Interface 外部网络-网络接口EAS Erisson Application Server 爱立信应用服务器ECC Embedded Control Channel 嵌入式控制信道EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺铒光纤放大器EDGE Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution GSM演进增强数据速率EDSL Ethernet Digital Subscriber Line 以太网数字用户线EFM Ethernet in the First Mile 第一英里以太网EFMA Ethernet in the First Mile Alliance 第一英里以太网联盟EIR Equipment Identity Register 设备识别寄存器EIR Excessive Information Rate 额外信息速率EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiation Power 全向有效辐射功率EMF Element Management Function 单元管理功能EML Element Management Layer 网元管理层EMS Element Management System 网元管理系统ENUM E.164 NUMber and DNS E.164号码和域名系统EoVDSL Ethernet over VDSL 基于以太网技术的VDSLEPON Ethernet Passive Optical Network 以太网无源光网络ESCON Enterprise Systems Connection 企业系统互联ESE Expandable Switching Exchange 开放式可编程交换平台ESN Electric Sequence Number 电子序列号ESP Encapsulating Security Payload 封装安全载荷ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institution 欧洲电信标准化委员会EUDCH Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel 增强的上行链路专用信道FF-SCH Forward-Supplemental Channel 前向辅助信道FCS Fast Cell Selection 快速蜂窝选择FCS Frame Check Sequence 帧检验序列FDD Frequency Division Duplex 频分双工FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 光纤分布式数据接口FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing 频分复用FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址FE Fast Ethernet 快速以太网FFT Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅立叶变换FG NGN NGN Focus Group 下一代网络专题组FICON Fiber Connection 光纤互联FISU Fill-In Signal Unit 填充信号单元FITL Fiber In The Loop 环路光纤FMC Fixed Mobile Convergence 固定通信与移动通信融合FPBN Future Packet-Based Networks 未来分组网FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System 未来公众陆地移动通信系统FR Frame Relay 帧中继FSAN Full Service Access Networks 全业务接入网FSTP Fast Spanning Tree Protocol 快速生成树协议FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议FTTB Fiber To The Building 光纤到大楼FTTC Fiber To The Cabinet 光纤到接线柜FTTC Fiber To The Curb 光纤到路边FTTH Fiber To The Home 光纤到户FTTO Fiber To The Office 光纤到办公室GGE Gigabit Ethernet 千兆比特以太网GEM GPON Encapsulation Method GPON封装方法GEPON Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network 千兆比特以太网无源光网络GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network GSM/EDGE无线接入网GFP Generic Framing Procedure 通用成帧规程GGSN Gateway GPRS Supporting Node GPRS网关支持节点GII Global Information Infrastructure 全球信息基础设施GMII Gigabit Media Independent Interface 千兆比特媒体无关接口GMSC Gateway Mobile Switching Center 网关移动交换中心GMPLS Generalized Multiple Protocol Label Switching 通用多协议标签交换GPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network 千兆比特无源光网络GPRS General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线业务GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation 通用路由封装GSM Global System for Mobile Communication 全球移动通信系统GSN GPRS Supporting Nodes GPRS支持节点GSN Gateway Service Node 网关服务节点GSTN General Switched Telephone Network 普通电话交换网GTC GPON Transmission Convergence GPON传输汇聚层GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol GPRS隧道协议GTT Globe Text Telephone 全球文本电话HHARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request 混合自动请求重传HDLC High-level Data Link Control 高级数据链路控制HDR High Data Rate 高数据速率HDSL High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line 高比特率数字用户线HEC Header Error Check 帧头错误检验HFC Hybrid Fiber Coaxial 混合光纤同轴电缆网HLR Home Location Register 归属位置寄存器HS-DPCCH High Speed-Dedicated Physical Control CHannel 高速专用物理控制信道HS-DSCH High Speed-Downlink Shared CHannel 高速下行共享信道HS-SCCH High Speed-Shared Control CHannel 高速共享控制信道HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access 高速下行链路数据分组接入HSPA High Speed Packet Access 高速数据分组接入HSS Home Subscriber Server 归属用户服务器HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access 高速上行链路数据分组接入HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议II-CSCF Interrogating CSCF 查询CSCFI-NNI Inter-Network Network Interface 内部网络-网络接口IACK Information Request ACKnowledgement 信息请求确认IAD Integrated Access Device 综合接入设备IADMS Integrated Access Device Management System 综合接入设备管理系统IAM Initial Address Message 初始地址消息IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 因特网编号分配部门IBCF Internet Border Control Function 因特网边界点控制功能ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol 因特网控制报文协议ICP Internet Content Provider 因特网内容提供商ICV Integrity Check Value 完整性校验值ICW Internet Call Waiting 因特网呼叫等待IDC Internet Data Center 因特网数据中心IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 电子电气工程师协会IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 互联网工程任务组IKE Internet Key Exchange Internet密钥交换IM Instant Message 即时消息IM IP Multimedia IP多媒体IM-SSF IP Multimedia-Service Switching Function IP多媒体业务交换功能IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identifier 国际移动设备识别码IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem IP多媒体子系统IMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium 国际多媒体电视会议联合会IN Intelligent Network 智能网INAP Intelligent Network Application Protocol 智能网应用协议INAK Information Request Negative AcKnowledgement 信息查询否认INES Intelligent Network Entrance System 智能网网关系统IntServ Integrated Service 综合服务ION Intelligent Optical Network 智能光网络IOS Interactive Operating System 交互式操作系统IP Internet Protocol 因特网协议IP Intelligent Peripheral 智能外设IP-CAN IP Connectivity Access Network IP接入网络IPBCP IP Bearer Control Protocol IP承载控制协议IPCC International PacketComm Consortium 国际分组通信论坛IPDC IP Device Control IP设备控制IPSec IP Security IP安全IPTV IP TeleVision IP电视IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange 网间分组交换IRQ Information ReQuest 信息请求IRR Information Request Response 信息请求响应IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol 中间系统到中间系统的路由选择协议ISC International Softswitch Consortium 国际软交换论坛ISC Internal Service Control 因特网业务控制ISCE Integrated Service Creation Environment 综合业务生成环境ISCP Integrated Service Control Point 综合业务控制点ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 综合业务数字网ISDP Integrated Service Data Point 综合业务数据点ISIM IP Multimedia Service Identity Module IP多媒体业务身份模块ISMAP Integrated Service Management Access Point 综合业务管理接入点ISMP Integrated Service Management Point 综合业务管理点ISN Interface Service Node 接口服务节点ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织ISP Internet Service Provider 因特网服务提供商ISSP Integrated Service Switching Point 综合业务交换点ISUP ISDN User Part 综合业务数字网用户部分IT Information Technology 信息技术ITU International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟ITU-T ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector 国际电信联盟电信标准化组织IUA ISDN User Adaptation Layer ISDN用户适配层协议IVR Interactive V oice Response 交互式语音应答IWF InterWorking Function 互通功能JJ2EE Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition Java 2平台企业版JAIN Java APIs for Integrated Networks 综合网络的Java APIsJRG Joint Rapporteur Group 课题报告联合起草小组LL2TP Layer2 Tunneling Protocol 第二层隧道协议LAC Link Access Control 链路接入控制LAN Local Area Network 局域网LAPS Link Access Protocol-SDH SDH链路接入协议LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme 链路容量调整机制LCR Low Chip Rate 低码片速率LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 轻量级目录访问协议LDP Label Distribution Protocol 标签分发协议LE Local Exchange 本地交换机LLID Logical Link Identification 逻辑链路标识LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Services 本地多点分配业务LMP Link Management Protocol 链路管理协议LMT Local Maintenance Terminal 本地维护终端LRM Link Resource Manager 链路资源管理器LS Local Switch 本地交换局LSP Label Switch Path 标签交换路径LSSU Link Statues Signal Unit 链路状态信号单元LSW LAN SWitch 局域网交换机LT Line Terminal 线路终端MM2UA MTP 2 User Adaptation Layer MTP第二级用户适配层M3UA MTP 3 User Adaptation Layer MTP第三级用户适配层M2PA MTP 2 Peer-to-peer Adaptation Layer MTP第二级对等适配层MAC Medium Access Control 媒体接入控制MAI Multiple Access Interference 多址干扰MAN Metropolitan Area Network 城域网MAP Mobile Application Part 移动应用部分MBMS Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service 多媒体广播和组播MC Multi-point Controller 多点控制器MC-CDMA Multiple Carrier-Code Division Multiple Access 多载波码分多址MCF Media Control Function 媒体控制功能MCS Multimedia Communication Server 多媒体通信服务器MCS Multimedia Communication System 多媒体通信系统MCU Multi-point Control Unit 多点控制单元MDCP Media Device Control Protocol 媒体设备控制协议MEID Mobile Equipment Identifier 移动设备标识MFI Multiple Frame Indicator 复帧指示器MG Media Gateway 媒体网关MGC Media Gateway Controller 媒体网关控制器MGC-F Media Gateway Control-Function 媒体网关控制功能MGCF Media Gateway Control Function 媒体网关控制功能MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol 媒体网关控制协议MG-F Media Gateway-Function 媒体网关功能MGU Media Gateway Unit 媒体网关单元MIME Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extension 多用途因特网邮件扩展MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output 多输入多输出MIP Mobile IP 移动IPML-PPP Multi-Link Point to Point Protocol 多链路点对点协议MM Mobility Management 移动性管理MMDS Multi-channel Multi-point Distribution Services 多通道多点分配业务MML Man-Machine Language 人机语言MMS Multimedia Message Service 多媒体消息服务MMSF Media Mapping/Switching Function 媒体映射/交换功能MMUSIC Multiparty Multimedia Session Control 多方多媒体会话控制MP Multi-point Processor 多点处理器MPCP Multi-point Control Protocol 多点控制协议MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group 活动图象专家组MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching 多协议标签交换MRF Media Resource Function 媒体资源功能MRFC Media Resource Function Controller 媒体资源功能控制器MRFP Media Resource Function Processor 媒体资源功能处理器MRS Multimedia Resource Server 多媒体资源服务器MS Mobile Station 移动台MS Media Server 媒体服务器MS-F Media Server-Function 媒体服务器功能MSC Mobile Switching Center 移动交换中心MSID Mobile Station Identifier 移动台标识符MSP Multiplex Section Protection 复用段保护MSTP Multi-Service Transmission Platform 多业务传输平台MSU Message Signal Unit 消息信号单元MTA Message Transfer Agent 消息传输代理MTP Message Transport Part 消息传输部分MTU Maximum Transfer Unit 最大传输单元MUD Multiple User Detection 多用户检测NN-ISDN Narrowband-ISDN 窄带ISDNN-ISUP Narrowband-ISDN User Part 窄带ISDN用户部分NAPT Network Address Port Translation 网络地址端口转换NAS Network Access Server 网络接入服务器NASS Network Attachment Sub-System 网络附着子系统NA T Network Address Translation 网络地址转换NAT/PT Network Address Translation/Protocol Translation 网络地址转换/协议转换NE Network Element 网元NEL Network Element Layer 网元层NGI Next Generation Internet 下一代因特网NGN Next Generation Network 下一代网络NII National Information Infrastructure 国家信息基础设施NMI Network Management Interface 网络管理接口NMI-A Network Management Interface-A 网络管理接口ANMI-T Network Management Interface-T 网络管理接口TNMS Network Management System 网络管理系统NP Network Performance 网络性能NRT-VBR Non Real Time-Variable Bit Rate 非实时可变比特率NSAP Network Service Access Point 网络业务接入点NT Network Terminal 网络终端NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation 日本电话电报公司NU Network Unit 网络单元OOADM Optical Add Drop Multiplexer 光分插复用器OAM Operation Administration and Maintenance 运行、管理和维护OAM&P Operation Administration Maintenance and Provisioning 运行、管理、维护和配置OAN Optical Access Network 光接入网OBS On-line Billing System 在线计费系统ODN Optical Distribution Network 光配线网ODSI Optical Domain Service Interconnect 光域业务互连OEO Optical-Electrical-Optical Converter 光/电/光转换器OFC Optical Fiber Communications 光纤通信OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 正交频分复用OIF Optical Internetworking Forum 光因特网论坛OLS Optical Label Switching 光标签交换OLT Optical Line Terminal 光线路终端OMA Open Mobile Alliance 开放移动联盟OMC-R Operation and Maintenance Center-Radio 无线维护操作中心OMCI ONT Management and Control Interface 光网络终端管理与控制接口OMCI Operations Management Communications Interface 操作管理通信接口OMG Object Management Group 对象管理组ONLY One Number Links You 一号通ONNS Optical Network Navigation System 光网络导航系统ONU Optical Network Unit 光网络单元OPTIS Overlapped PAM Transmission with Interlocking Spectra 频谱互锁重叠的PAM传输OSA Open Service Architecture 开放的业务结构OSI Open Systems Interconnection 开放系统互连OSPF Open Shortest Path First 开放式最短路径优先OSS Operation Support Systems 运营支撑系统OSX Open Service Exchange 开放业务交换平台OTD Observation Time Difference 观察时间差OTN Optical Transport Network 光传输网络OVPN Optical Virtual Private Network 光虚拟专用网OXC Optical Cross Connect 光交叉连接PP-CSCF Proxy CSCF 代理CSCFP2MP Point to Multi-Point 点到多点PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation 脉冲幅度调制PBN Packet Based Networks 分组网络PBS Polarization Beam Splitter 极化光束分离器PBX Private Branch eXchange 用户交换机PC Personal Computer 个人电脑PC Permanent Connection 永久性连接PCF Packet Control Function 分组控制功能实体PCM Pulse Code Modulation 脉冲编码调制PCS Physical Coding Sub-layer 物理编码子层PCS Personal Communication Service 个人通信业务PDF Policy Decision Function 策略判决功能PDN Packet Data Network 分组数据网PDP Policy Decision Point 策略决定点PDSN Packet Data Service Node 分组数据业务节点PDU Protocol Data Unit 协议数据单元PEP Policy Execution Point 策略执行点PER Packet Encoding Rules 分组编码规则PES PSTN Emulation Subsystem PSTN仿真子系统PHS Personal Hand-phone System 个人手持电话系统PI Physical Interface 物理接口PINT PSTN/Internet Internetworking PSTN与Internet的互通PLI PDU Length Indicator 协议数据单元长度指示符PLL Phase Locked Loop 锁相环PLMN Public Land Mobile Network 公用陆地移动网PLOAM Physical Layer OAM 物理层OAMPMA Physical Medium Attachment 物理媒体接入子层PMD Physical Medium Dependent 物理媒体相关子层PNNI Private Network-to-Network Interface 专用网间接口PoC Push to Talk over Cellular 无线一键通POH Path Overhead 通道开销PON Passive Optical Network 无源光网络POP Post Office Protocol 邮局协议PoS Packet over SDH SDH上的IP分组POS Passive Optical Splitter 无源光分路器POTS Plain Old Telephone Service 普通电话业务PPP Point to Point Protocol 点对点协议PPS Pre-Paid Service 预付费PR Packet Ring 分组环PRA Primary Rate Access 基群速率接入PRI Primary Rate Interface 基群速率接口PS Packet Switched 分组交换PSC Pre-paid Service Center 预付费业务中心PSE Personal Service Environment 个人业务环境PSTN Public Telephone Switched Network 公共交换电话网PTM Packet Transfer Mode 分组传输模式PTN Personal Telecommunications Number 个人通信号码PTT Push To Talk 一键通PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit 永久虚电路QQAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 正交幅度调制QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format 四分之一通用中间格式QIB Quality Indicator Bit 质量指示器位QoS Quality of Service 服务质量QPSK Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying 正交相移键控RR-SCH Reverse-Supplementary Channel 反向辅助信道R-SG Roaming Signaling Gateway 漫游信令网关RAB Reverse Activity Bit 反向激活比特RAC Resource Availability Confirm 资源可用确认RACS Resource and Admission Control Subsystem 资源与接入控制子系统RADIUS Remote Access Dial-In User Service 远程接入拨号用户业务RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital subscriber Line 速率自适应数字用户线路RAI Resource Availability Indication 资源可用指示RAN Radio Access Network 无线接入网RAS Registration Admission Status 注册、许可和状态RCF Registration ConFirm 注册确认REL Release 呼叫释放信息RFC Request For Comments 请求评论文档RG Residential Gateway 驻地网关RIP Request In Progress 请求进展RLP Radio Link Protocol 无线链路协议RLU Remote Line Unit 远端用户线单元RNC Radio Network Controller 无线网络控制器RNS Radio Network Subsystem 无线网络子系统RPR Resilient Packet Ring 弹性分组环RRJ Registration ReJect 注册拒绝RRQ Registration ReQuest 注册请求RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol 资源预留协议RSVP-TE Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering 基于流量工程扩展的资源预留协议RTCP Real-time Transfer Control Protocol 实时传输控制协议RTP Real-time Transfer Protocol 实时传输协议RTSP Real-time Streaming Protocol 实时流媒体协议RTU Remote Terminal Unit 远方终端单元RT-VBR Real Time-Variable Bit Rate 实时可变比特率SS-CSCF Serving CSCF 服务CSCFSA Security Association 安全关联SA Smart Antenna 智能天线SACP Service Access Control Point 业务接入控制点SAD Security Association Database 安全关联数据库SAF Special Access Function 特定接入功能SAM Subscriber Application Management 用户应用管理系统SAM Subsequent Address Message 后续地址消息SC Switched Connection 交换式连接SC-F Signaling Conversion Function 信令转换功能SC-TDMA Single Carrier Time Division Multiple Access 单载波时分多址SCCP Signaling Connection control Part 信令连接控制部分SCE Service Creation Environment 业务生成环境SCEP Service Creation Environment Point 业务生成环境点SCF Service Control Function 业务控制功能SCM Sub-Carrier Multiplexing 副载波复用SCN Switched Circuit Network 电路交换网SCP Service Control Point 业务控制点SCS Service Capability Server 业务能力服务器SCTP Stream Control Transport Protocol 流控制传输协议SDF Service Data Function 业务数据功能SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 同步数字系列SDL Simple Data Link 简单数据链路SDM Space Division Multiplexing 空分复用SDMA Space Division Multiple Access 空分多址SDP Service Data Point 业务数据点SDP Session Description Protocol 会话描述协议SDR Software Defined Radio 软件无线电SDSL Single Digital Subscriber Line 单线数字用户线SEP Signaling End Point 信令终结点SG Signaling Gateway 信令网关SGCP Simple Gateway Control Protocol 简单网关控制协议SGF Signaling Gateway Function 信令网关功能SGSN Serving GPRS Supporting Node GPRS服务支持节点SIB Service Independent Building Blocks 基于与业务无关的模块SIGTRAN Signaling Transport 信令传输协议SIIT Stateless IP/ICMP Translation 无状态IP/ICMP转换SIM Subscriber Identity Module 用户身份模块SIP Session Initiation Protocol 会话发起协议SIP-I SIP with Encapsulated ISUP 带有ISUP消息封装的SIP协议SIP-S SIP Servlet 应用于伺服系统的会话发起协议SIP-T Session Initiation Protocol for Telephone 应用于电话网的SIP协议SLA Service Level Agreement 服务等级协议SLF Subscriber Location Function 签约用户定位功能SLR Subscriber Location Router 用户位置路由器SMAP Service Management Access Point 业务管理接入点SMP Service Management Point 业务管理点SMS Service Management System 业务管理系统SMS Short Message Service 短消息业务SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 简单邮件传输协议SN Serving Node 服务节点SNC Sub-Network Connection 子网络连接SNCP Sub-Network Connection Protection 子网连接保护SNI Service Node Interface 业务节点接口SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 简单网络管理协议SNR Signal to Noise Ratio 信噪比SOHO Small Office/Home Office 小办公室/家庭办公室SONET Synchronous Optical Network 光同步网SP Signaling Point 信令点SPAN Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks 高级网络的服务与协议SPC Soft Permanent Connection 软永久连接SPD Security Policy Database 安全策略数据库SPI Security Parameter Index 安全参数索引SPIRITS Service in the PSTN IN Requesting InTernet Service PSTN/IN请求因特网服务业务SPX Sequential Packet eXchange 序列分组交换SQ Sequence Indicator 序列指示器SRBP Signaling Radio Burst Protocol 信令无线突发协议SRF Specialized Resource Function 专用资源功能SRP Spatial Reuse Protocol 空间重用协议SS7 Signaling System 7 7号信令网SSF Service Switching Function 业务交换功能SSP Service Switching Point 业务交换点STC Space-Time Coding 空时编码STC Signaling Transport Converter 信令传输转换器STM Synchronous Transfer Mode 同步传输模式STM-N Synchronous Transport Module Level N 第N级同步传输模块STP Signaling Transfer Point 信令转接点STP Spanning Tree Protocol 生成树协议STS Synchronous Transport Signal 同步传输信号SUA SCCP User Adaptation Layer SCCP用户适配层TT-SG Transport Signaling Gateway 传输信令网关T2P Traffic-to-Pilot 业务到导航信道TACS Total Access Communication System 全接入通信系统TC Transmission Convergence 传输汇聚TCA Terminal Control Area 终端控制区TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part 事物处理应用部分TCP Transmission Control Protocol 传输控制协议TD-CDMA Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access 时分码分多址TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronization Code Division Multiple Access 时分同步码分多址TDD Time Division Duplex 时分双工TDM Time Division Multiplexing 时分复用TDMA Time Division Multiple Access 时分多址TE Terminal Equipment 终端设备TE Traffic Engineering 流量工程TeS Telephony Server 电话服务器TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol 普通文件传输协议TG Trunk Gateway 中继网关TIA Telecommunication Industry Association 电信工业协会TIPHON Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks 透过网络的电信及网际网路通信协议TISPAN Telecommunications and Internet Converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking 电信和互联网融合业务及高级网络协议组TLS Transparent Local Area Network Service 透明局域网业务TML Telephone Markup Langue 电信标记语言TMN Telecommunications Management Network 电信管理网TMSC Trunk Mobile Switching Center 汇接移动交换中心TOS Type Of Service 服务类型TRAU Transcoder and Rate Adapter Unit 码型变换/速率适配器TRIP Telephony Routing over IP IP电话路由TSM TD-SCDMA System for Mobile TD-SCDMA移动通信系统TSN Trunk Service Node 中继服务节点TSP Terminal Supporting Processor 终端支持处理机TTC Telecommunication Technology Committee 日本情报通信技术委员会TTA Telecommunication Technology Association 韩国电气通信技术协会TTI Transmission Time Interval 传输时间间隔TTS Text To Speech 文本转换为语音TU Transaction User 事务用户TUP Telephone User Part 电话用户部分UUAS Universal Audio Server 通用语音服务器UBR Unspecified Bit Rate 未指定比特率UCF Unregistration ConFirm 注销确认UDP User Datagram Protocol 用户数据报协议UE User Equipment 用户设备UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card 通用集成电路卡ULH Ultra Long Haul 超长距离传输UMS User Mobility Service 用户移动服务UMS Unified Messaging Service 统一消息业务UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 通用移动通信系统UNI User Network Interface 用户网络接口UPC Usage Parameter Control 使用参数控制UPT Universal Personal Telecommunication 通用个人通信URI Uniform Resource Identifier 统一资源标识URL Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位器URJ Unregistration ReJect 注销拒绝URQ Unregistration ReQuest 注销请求UBR Unspecified Bit Rate 未指定比特率USB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线USP Universal Signaling Point 通用信令网关UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network 通用地面无线接入网络VV5UA V5.2 User Adaptation Layer V5.2用户适配层VAD Voice Activity Detection 语音激活检测VC Virtual Container 虚容器VC Virtual Channel 虚拟通道VCG Virtual Concatenation Group 虚级联组VCI Virtual Channel Identifier 虚拟通道标识VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers 垂直腔面发射激光器VDSL Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line 甚高速数字用户线VHE Virtual Home Environment 虚拟归属环境VLAN Virtual LAN 虚拟局域网VLR Visited Location Register 拜访位置寄存器VoD Video on Demand 视频点播VoDSL Voice over DSL 在数字用户线上传输语音VoIP Voice over IP IP话音VP Virtual Path 虚拟路径VPG Virtual Path Group 虚拟路径组VPHS Virtual Private Hub Service 虚拟专用Hub业务VPI Virtual Path Identifier 虚拟路径标识VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service 虚拟专用局域网业务。
尊重差异之声音的英语作文
Respecting the diversity of voices is a fundamental aspect of fostering a harmonious and inclusive society.In a world where people come from various backgrounds,cultures, and experiences,it is essential to embrace these differences and understand that each individual has a unique perspective to offer.Firstly,respecting differences in opinions and ideas promotes creativity and innovation. When individuals are encouraged to express their thoughts freely,it leads to the generation of new ideas and solutions to problems.This is particularly important in the workplace,where diverse perspectives can lead to more effective problemsolving and decisionmaking.Moreover,acknowledging and respecting different voices helps to build a sense of community and belonging.When people feel that their opinions are valued and heard, they are more likely to contribute positively to the group and feel a sense of connection with others.This can lead to stronger relationships and a more cohesive society.In addition,respecting the diversity of voices is crucial for social progress.History has shown that it is often the voices of marginalized groups that bring about significant change and challenge the status quo.By listening to and valuing these perspectives,we can work towards a more equitable and just society.However,it is important to note that respecting differences does not mean that all opinions are equally valid.It is essential to distinguish between constructive criticism and harmful or discriminatory remarks.While we should encourage open dialogue,it is also necessary to establish boundaries and ensure that respectful communication is maintained.In conclusion,respecting the diversity of voices is a vital component of a thriving society. It encourages creativity,fosters a sense of community,and drives social progress.By valuing and listening to the unique perspectives of each individual,we can work together to create a more inclusive and harmonious world.。
集客常用设备简介
集团客户专线专网业务常用设备简介（第一版）编制：常州移动工维部支撑响应班日期：2009年9月目录第1章瑞斯康达系列 (3)1.1 光纤收发器RC512（10/100M自适应以太光-电转换设备） (3)1.2 光纤收发器RC511（10/100M自适应以太光-电转换设备） (3)1.3 协议转换器RC952（10/100Base-T快速以太网电口至单路E1接口转换器） (4)1.4 协议转换器RC905（10/100Base-T快速以太网电口至单路E1接口转换器） (4)1.5 多路协议转换器RC953&RC954 (5)1.6 E1接口阻抗转换器RC909 (5)1.7 以太网复用器RCMA2201-60/30（2路E1和1路10/100M自适应以太网复用器） (6)1.8 V.35光端机RC831-30-FV35（2M-PDH光转V.35接口） (6)1.9 V.35至E1协议转换器 (7)第2章华为IAD系列 (7)2.1 IAD101H、102H、104H (7)2.2 IAD208H (8)2.3 IAD132E（T） (9)第3章烽火系列 (10)3.1 烽火PDH (10)3.2 烽火光纤收发器 (11)3.3 烽火协议转换器 (11)第4章PBX系列 (12)4.1 佳和PBX (12)4.2 希华HC4800 PBX (13)第5章华为交换机 (14)5.1 华为交换机S2000系列 (14)5.2 华为交换机S3500系列 (14)第6章EPON设备 (14)6.1 ONU：用户端使用设备 (14)6.2 OLT：局端机房设备 (15)第7章连接线类 (16)7.1 网线 (16)7.2 光连接器 (17)7.3 法兰盘 (17)7.4 跳纤 (18)7.5 2M头 (18)7.6 同轴电缆 (19)第8章综合布线中常用工具及材料 (19)第1章瑞斯康达系列1.1 光纤收发器RC512（10/100M自适应以太光-电转换设备）光纤收发器RC512主要用于企事业单位集团互联网或集团语音（IAD方式）接入。
dscp 详解
dscp 详解DSCP 详解1. 什么是 DSCP•DSCP（Differentiated Services Code Point）是一种用来指示网络流量优先级的字段。
•DSCP 位于 IP 数据包的头部，占据了 6 个比特位。
2. DSCP 的作用•DSCP 用于在网络发生拥塞时，对不同类型的网络流量进行分类和优先处理，以提高网络服务质量。
•DSCP 可以提供不同的服务质量保证，以满足网络应用对延迟、带宽、丢包率等的要求。
3. DSCP 值和分类DSCP 通过将 6 个比特位分为 2 个部分，来进行分类。
DSCP 分类•Best Effort: 对应 DSCP 值为 000000，用于不需要特别服务质量保证的数据流量。
•Class Selector AF: 对应 DSCP 值为 00111，用于具备一定服务质量需求的数据流量。
•Expedited Forwarding (EF): 对应 DSCP 值为 101110，用于对延迟敏感的数据流量，要求低延迟和低抖动。
•Assured Forwarding (AF): 对应 DSCP 值为 0010x0、0011x0、010x00、011x00、100x00、1010x0、1011x0、110x00、111x00，用于一定程度的流量保证。
DSCP 值范围•DSCP 值的范围为 0~63，用 6 个比特位来表示。
•其中，值为 0~31 的 DSCP 为标准的、预定义的值；值为 32~63 的 DSCP 为实验性或本地定义的值。
4. 设置 DSCP 值可以通过以下方式来设置 IP 数据包的 DSCP 值：•在网络应用程序中，通过特定的 API 来设置 DSCP 值。
•在操作系统中，通过配置网络策略和路由规则来设置特定类型的数据流量的 DSCP 值。
•在网络设备（如交换机、路由器）上，通过配置 QoS 策略来设置数据流量的 DSCP 值。
5. DSCP 与 QoSDSCP 是实现 QoS（Quality of Service）的重要组成部分之一。
电信领域常用的英文缩略语
电信领域常用的英文缩略语16QAM 16-State Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 16状态正交幅度调制2G Second Generation 第二代移动通信3G Third Generation 第三代移动通信3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project 第三代协作项目组织4G Fourth Generation 第四代移动通信AA/D Analog / Digital 模拟/数字A-F Account-Function 计费功能AAA Authentication Authorization Account 验证、授权和计费AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ATM适配层ACF Admission ConFirm 接入确认ACL Access Control List 访问控制列表ACM Address Complete Message 地址全消息AD ADvertisement 广告ADM Add Drop Multiplexer 分插复用器ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 不对称数字用户线AG Access Gateway 接入网关AGCF Access Gateway Control Function 接入网关控制功能AH Authentication Header 认证头AIS Alarm Indication Signal 告警指示信号AKA Authentication and Key Agreement 认证和密钥协商协议ALG Application Level Gateway 应用层网关ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown 自动激光关断AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding 自适应调制和编码AMR Adaptive Multi Rate 自适应多速率AN Access Network 接入网ANM ANswer Message 应答消息ANSI American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准协会AON Active Optical Network 有源光网络API Application Programming Interface 应用编程接口APM Application Transport Mechanism 应用传输机制APON A TM Passive Optical Network A TM无源光网络APR Automatic Power Reduction 自动功率降低ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses 日本无线电产业协会ARJ Admission ReJect 接入拒绝ARPU Average Revenue Per User 平均用户贡献度ARQ Admission ReQuest 接入请求ARQ Automatic Repeat Request 自动请求重传AS Application Server 应用服务器AS-F Application Server-Function 应用服务器功能ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation one 抽象语法记法1ASON Automatic Switched Optical Network 自动交换光网络ASP Application Service Provider 应用服务提供商ASP Abstract Service Primitive 抽象业务原语ASTN Automatic Switched Transport Network 自动交换传输网A T Access Terminal 接入终端ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions 电信业解决方案联盟ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式AUC AUthentication Center 鉴权中心BB-INAP Broadband-Intelligent Network Application Protocol 宽带智能网应用协议B-ISDN Broadband-Integrated Services Digital Network 宽带综合业务数字网B-ISUP Broadband-ISDN User Part 宽带ISDN用户部分B-SCE Broadband-Service Create Environment 宽带业务生成环境B-SCP Broadband-Service Control Point 宽带业务控制点B-SDP Broadband-Service Data Point 宽带业务数据点B-SMS Broadband-Service Manage System 宽带业务管理系统B-SSP Broadband-Service Switch Point 宽带业务交换点B-VPN Broadband Virtual Private Network 宽带虚拟专用网络B3G Beyond 3G 超3GBA Border Agent 边界代理BAS Broadband Access Server 宽带接入服务器BCF Bandwidth ConFirm 带宽确认BCF Bearer Control Function 承载控制功能BCMCS Broadcast and Multicast Service 广播和组播业务BCTP Bearer Control Tunneling Protocol 承载控制隧道协议BCU Bearer Control Unit 承载控制单元BcN Broadband Convergence Network 宽带融合网络BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则BG Border Gateway 边界网关BGCF Breakout Gateway Call Function 出口网关控制功能BGF Border Gateway Function 边界网关功能BGP Border Gateway Protocol 边界网关协议BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts 忙时试呼次数BICC Bearer Independent Call Control 与承载无关的呼叫控制BICSCN Bearer Independent Circuit Switching Core Network 与承载无关的电路交换网络BIP Broadband Intelligent Peripheral 宽带智能外设BIS Bump In the Stack 栈内凸块BIWF Bearer InterWorking Function 承载互通功能BMAC Basic Media Access Control 基本媒体接入控制BMF Bearer Media Function 承载媒体功能BNC Backbone Network Connection 骨干网连接BNF Backus-Nayr Format Backus-Nayr形式BPON Broadband Passive Optical Network 宽带无源光网络BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server 宽带远程接入服务器BRJ Bandwidth ReJect 带宽拒绝BRQ Bandwidth Request 带宽请求BSC Base Station Controller 基站控制器BTS Base Transceiver Station 基站收发信台CC/S Client/Server 客户端/服务器CAC Connection Admission Control 连接允许控制CAMEL Customized Applications for Mobile Network 移动网增强逻辑的客户化应用CAP CAMEL Application Part CAMEL应用部分CAP Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation 无载波幅相调制CATV CAble TeleVision 有线电视CBC Call Bearer Control 呼叫承载控制CBR Constant Bit Rate 固定比特率CCAMP Common Control and Measurement Plane 通用控制和测量平面CCI Connect Control Interface 连接控制接口CCM Call Control Management 呼叫控制管理CCNR Call Completion on No Reply 未应答的呼叫完成CCSA China Communications Standards Association 中国通信标准化协会CCU Call Control Unit 呼叫控制单元CCXML Call Control Extensible Markup Language 呼叫控制可扩展标识语言CDM Code Division Multiplexing 码分复用CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址接入CDR Call Detail Record 呼叫详细记录CDRS Call Detail Record Server 呼叫详细记录服务器CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction 码本激励线性预测CGI Common Gateway Interface 公共网关接口CIC Circuit Identification Code 电路识别码CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing 无类域间路由选择CIF Common Intermediate Format 公共中间格式CIR Committed Information Rate 承诺信息速率CJK China Japan Korea 中日韩合作组织CLI Command Line Interface 命令行接口CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation 主叫号码识别显示CLIR Calling Line Identification Restriction 主叫号码识别限制CLP Cell Loss Priority 信元丢失优先级CM Cable Modem 电缆调制解调器CMIP Common Management Information Protocol 通用管理信息协议CMISE Common Management Information Service Element 公用管理信息业务单元CMN Call Mediation Node 呼叫协调节点CN Core Network 核心网COPS Common Open Policy Service 公共开放策略业务CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture 公共对象请求代理结构CoS Class of Service 业务分类CPE Customer Premises Equipment 用户终端设备CPN Customer Premises Network 用户驻地网CPL Call Processing Language 呼叫处理语言CPS Character Per Second 每秒字符数CR-LDP Constraint-Based Routing Label Distribution Protocol 基于路由受限的标签分发协议CS Circuit Switched 电路交换CS-1 Capability Set 1 能力集1CSA Carrier Service Area 载波服务区CSCF Call Session Control Function 呼叫会话控制功能CSF Call Service Function 呼叫业务功能CSI Circuit Switched Interworking 电路交换域互通CSS Customer Service System 客户服务系统CSSNP Circuit-Switched Service Notification Protocol 电路交换业务通知协议CWDM Coarse Wave Division Multiplexer 稀疏波分复用CWTS China Wireless Telecommunication Standards 中国无线通信标准研究组DD/A Digital/Analog 数字/模拟DBA Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment 动态带宽分配DCF Disengage ConFirm 终止确认DCM Distributed Call and Connection Management 分布式呼叫和连接管理DCN Data Communication Network 数据通信网DCS Digital Cross-connect System 数字交叉连接DDN Digital Data Network 数字数据网DDoS Distributed Denial of Service 分布式拒绝服务DDRP Domain to Domain Routing Protocol 域到域路由协议DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication 数字增强型无绳通信DFE Decision Feedback Equalizer 判决反馈均衡器DFT Discrete Fourier Transform 离散傅里叶变换DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 动态主机配置协议DiffServ Differentiated Service 区分服务DMT Discrete Multi-Tone 离散多音频DNS Domain Name Service 域名服务DNS-ALG DNS- Application Level Gateway 域名服务器-应用层代理网关DOPRA Distributed Object-oriented Programmable Real-time Architecture 分布式面向对象可编程实时构架DoS Denial of Service 拒绝服务DP Detection Point 检测点DRJ Disengage ReJect 终止拒绝DRQ Disengage ReQuest 终止请求DS-CDMA Direct Sequence-Code Division Multiple Access 直扩码分多址DSC Downlink Shared Channel 下行链路共享信道DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point DiffServ代码点DSL Digital Subscriber Line 数字用户线DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer 数字用户线接入复用器DSMP Data Service Management Platform 数据业务管理平台DSP Digital Signal Processor 数字信号处理器DSS1 Digital Subscriber Signaling No1 1号数字用户信令DSS2 Digital Subscriber Signaling No.2 2号数字用户信令DSTM Dual Stack Transition Mechanism 双协议栈过渡机制DTE Data Terminal Equipment 数据终端设备DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency 双音多频DU Distribution Unit 分配单元DVC Data V oice Conflux 数据语音合线DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing 密集波分复用DXC Digital Cross Connection 数字交叉连接EE-NNI Exterior-Network Network Interface 外部网络-网络接口EAS Erisson Application Server 爱立信应用服务器ECC Embedded Control Channel 嵌入式控制信道EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺铒光纤放大器EDGE Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution GSM演进增强数据速率EDSL Ethernet Digital Subscriber Line 以太网数字用户线EFM Ethernet in the First Mile 第一英里以太网EFMA Ethernet in the First Mile Alliance 第一英里以太网联盟EIR Equipment Identity Register 设备识别寄存器EIR Excessive Information Rate 额外信息速率EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiation Power 全向有效辐射功率EMF Element Management Function 单元管理功能EML Element Management Layer 网元管理层EMS Element Management System 网元管理系统ENUM E.164 NUMber and DNS E.164号码和域名系统EoVDSL Ethernet over VDSL 基于以太网技术的VDSLEPON Ethernet Passive Optical Network 以太网无源光网络ESCON Enterprise Systems Connection 企业系统互联ESE Expandable Switching Exchange 开放式可编程交换平台ESN Electric Sequence Number 电子序列号ESP Encapsulating Security Payload 封装安全载荷ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institution 欧洲电信标准化委员会EUDCH Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel 增强的上行链路专用信道FF-SCH Forward-Supplemental Channel 前向辅助信道FCS Fast Cell Selection 快速蜂窝选择FCS Frame Check Sequence 帧检验序列FDD Frequency Division Duplex 频分双工FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 光纤分布式数据接口FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing 频分复用FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址FE Fast Ethernet 快速以太网FFT Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅立叶变换FG NGN NGN Focus Group 下一代网络专题组FICON Fiber Connection 光纤互联FISU Fill-In Signal Unit 填充信号单元FITL Fiber In The Loop 环路光纤FMC Fixed Mobile Convergence 固定通信与移动通信融合FPBN Future Packet-Based Networks 未来分组网FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunication System 未来公众陆地移动通信系统FR Frame Relay 帧中继FSAN Full Service Access Networks 全业务接入网FSTP Fast Spanning Tree Protocol 快速生成树协议FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议FTTB Fiber To The Building 光纤到大楼FTTC Fiber To The Cabinet 光纤到接线柜FTTC Fiber To The Curb 光纤到路边FTTH Fiber To The Home 光纤到户FTTO Fiber To The Office 光纤到办公室GGE Gigabit Ethernet 千兆比特以太网GEM GPON Encapsulation Method GPON封装方法GEPON Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network 千兆比特以太网无源光网络GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network GSM/EDGE无线接入网GFP Generic Framing Procedure 通用成帧规程GGSN Gateway GPRS Supporting Node GPRS网关支持节点GII Global Information Infrastructure 全球信息基础设施GMII Gigabit Media Independent Interface 千兆比特媒体无关接口GMSC Gateway Mobile Switching Center 网关移动交换中心GMPLS Generalized Multiple Protocol Label Switching 通用多协议标签交换GPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network 千兆比特无源光网络GPRS General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线业务GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation 通用路由封装GSM Global System for Mobile Communication 全球移动通信系统GSN GPRS Supporting Nodes GPRS支持节点GSN Gateway Service Node 网关服务节点GSTN General Switched Telephone Network 普通电话交换网GTC GPON Transmission Convergence GPON传输汇聚层GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol GPRS隧道协议GTT Globe Text Telephone 全球文本电话HHARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request 混合自动请求重传HDLC High-level Data Link Control 高级数据链路控制HDR High Data Rate 高数据速率HDSL High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line 高比特率数字用户线HEC Header Error Check 帧头错误检验HFC Hybrid Fiber Coaxial 混合光纤同轴电缆网HLR Home Location Register 归属位置寄存器HS-DPCCH High Speed-Dedicated Physical Control CHannel 高速专用物理控制信道HS-DSCH High Speed-Downlink Shared CHannel 高速下行共享信道HS-SCCH High Speed-Shared Control CHannel 高速共享控制信道HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access 高速下行链路数据分组接入HSPA High Speed Packet Access 高速数据分组接入HSS Home Subscriber Server 归属用户服务器HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access 高速上行链路数据分组接入HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议II-CSCF Interrogating CSCF 查询CSCFI-NNI Inter-Network Network Interface 内部网络-网络接口IACK Information Request ACKnowledgement 信息请求确认IAD Integrated Access Device 综合接入设备IADMS Integrated Access Device Management System 综合接入设备管理系统IAM Initial Address Message 初始地址消息IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 因特网编号分配部门IBCF Internet Border Control Function 因特网边界点控制功能ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol 因特网控制报文协议ICP Internet Content Provider 因特网内容提供商ICV Integrity Check Value 完整性校验值ICW Internet Call Waiting 因特网呼叫等待IDC Internet Data Center 因特网数据中心IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 电子电气工程师协会IETF Internet Engineering Task Force 互联网工程任务组IKE Internet Key Exchange Internet密钥交换IM Instant Message 即时消息IM IP Multimedia IP多媒体IM-SSF IP Multimedia-Service Switching Function IP多媒体业务交换功能IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identifier 国际移动设备识别码IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem IP多媒体子系统IMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium 国际多媒体电视会议联合会IN Intelligent Network 智能网INAP Intelligent Network Application Protocol 智能网应用协议INAK Information Request Negative AcKnowledgement 信息查询否认INES Intelligent Network Entrance System 智能网网关系统IntServ Integrated Service 综合服务ION Intelligent Optical Network 智能光网络IOS Interactive Operating System 交互式操作系统IP Internet Protocol 因特网协议IP Intelligent Peripheral 智能外设IP-CAN IP Connectivity Access Network IP接入网络IPBCP IP Bearer Control Protocol IP承载控制协议IPCC International PacketComm Consortium 国际分组通信论坛IPDC IP Device Control IP设备控制IPSec IP Security IP安全IPTV IP TeleVision IP电视IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange 网间分组交换IRQ Information ReQuest 信息请求IRR Information Request Response 信息请求响应IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol 中间系统到中间系统的路由选择协议ISC International Softswitch Consortium 国际软交换论坛ISC Internal Service Control 因特网业务控制ISCE Integrated Service Creation Environment 综合业务生成环境ISCP Integrated Service Control Point 综合业务控制点ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 综合业务数字网ISDP Integrated Service Data Point 综合业务数据点ISIM IP Multimedia Service Identity Module IP多媒体业务身份模块ISMAP Integrated Service Management Access Point 综合业务管理接入点ISMP Integrated Service Management Point 综合业务管理点ISN Interface Service Node 接口服务节点ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织ISP Internet Service Provider 因特网服务提供商ISSP Integrated Service Switching Point 综合业务交换点ISUP ISDN User Part 综合业务数字网用户部分IT Information Technology 信息技术ITU International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟ITU-T ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector 国际电信联盟电信标准化组织IUA ISDN User Adaptation Layer ISDN用户适配层协议IVR Interactive V oice Response 交互式语音应答IWF InterWorking Function 互通功能JJ2EE Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition Java 2平台企业版JAIN Java APIs for Integrated Networks 综合网络的Java APIsJRG Joint Rapporteur Group 课题报告联合起草小组LL2TP Layer2 Tunneling Protocol 第二层隧道协议LAC Link Access Control 链路接入控制LAN Local Area Network 局域网LAPS Link Access Protocol-SDH SDH链路接入协议LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme 链路容量调整机制LCR Low Chip Rate 低码片速率LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 轻量级目录访问协议LDP Label Distribution Protocol 标签分发协议LE Local Exchange 本地交换机LLID Logical Link Identification 逻辑链路标识LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Services 本地多点分配业务LMP Link Management Protocol 链路管理协议LMT Local Maintenance Terminal 本地维护终端LRM Link Resource Manager 链路资源管理器LS Local Switch 本地交换局LSP Label Switch Path 标签交换路径LSSU Link Statues Signal Unit 链路状态信号单元LSW LAN SWitch 局域网交换机LT Line Terminal 线路终端MM2UA MTP 2 User Adaptation Layer MTP第二级用户适配层M3UA MTP 3 User Adaptation Layer MTP第三级用户适配层M2PA MTP 2 Peer-to-peer Adaptation Layer MTP第二级对等适配层MAC Medium Access Control 媒体接入控制MAI Multiple Access Interference 多址干扰MAN Metropolitan Area Network 城域网MAP Mobile Application Part 移动应用部分MBMS Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service 多媒体广播和组播MC Multi-point Controller 多点控制器MC-CDMA Multiple Carrier-Code Division Multiple Access 多载波码分多址MCF Media Control Function 媒体控制功能MCS Multimedia Communication Server 多媒体通信服务器MCS Multimedia Communication System 多媒体通信系统MCU Multi-point Control Unit 多点控制单元MDCP Media Device Control Protocol 媒体设备控制协议MEID Mobile Equipment Identifier 移动设备标识MFI Multiple Frame Indicator 复帧指示器MG Media Gateway 媒体网关MGC Media Gateway Controller 媒体网关控制器MGC-F Media Gateway Control-Function 媒体网关控制功能MGCF Media Gateway Control Function 媒体网关控制功能MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol 媒体网关控制协议MG-F Media Gateway-Function 媒体网关功能MGU Media Gateway Unit 媒体网关单元MIME Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extension 多用途因特网邮件扩展MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output 多输入多输出MIP Mobile IP 移动IPML-PPP Multi-Link Point to Point Protocol 多链路点对点协议MM Mobility Management 移动性管理MMDS Multi-channel Multi-point Distribution Services 多通道多点分配业务MML Man-Machine Language 人机语言MMS Multimedia Message Service 多媒体消息服务MMSF Media Mapping/Switching Function 媒体映射/交换功能MMUSIC Multiparty Multimedia Session Control 多方多媒体会话控制MP Multi-point Processor 多点处理器MPCP Multi-point Control Protocol 多点控制协议MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group 活动图象专家组MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching 多协议标签交换MRF Media Resource Function 媒体资源功能MRFC Media Resource Function Controller 媒体资源功能控制器MRFP Media Resource Function Processor 媒体资源功能处理器MRS Multimedia Resource Server 多媒体资源服务器MS Mobile Station 移动台MS Media Server 媒体服务器MS-F Media Server-Function 媒体服务器功能MSC Mobile Switching Center 移动交换中心MSID Mobile Station Identifier 移动台标识符MSP Multiplex Section Protection 复用段保护MSTP Multi-Service Transmission Platform 多业务传输平台MSU Message Signal Unit 消息信号单元MTA Message Transfer Agent 消息传输代理MTP Message Transport Part 消息传输部分MTU Maximum Transfer Unit 最大传输单元MUD Multiple User Detection 多用户检测NN-ISDN Narrowband-ISDN 窄带ISDNN-ISUP Narrowband-ISDN User Part 窄带ISDN用户部分NAPT Network Address Port Translation 网络地址端口转换NAS Network Access Server 网络接入服务器NASS Network Attachment Sub-System 网络附着子系统NA T Network Address Translation 网络地址转换NAT/PT Network Address Translation/Protocol Translation 网络地址转换/协议转换NE Network Element 网元NEL Network Element Layer 网元层NGI Next Generation Internet 下一代因特网NGN Next Generation Network 下一代网络NII National Information Infrastructure 国家信息基础设施NMI Network Management Interface 网络管理接口NMI-A Network Management Interface-A 网络管理接口ANMI-T Network Management Interface-T 网络管理接口TNMS Network Management System 网络管理系统NP Network Performance 网络性能NRT-VBR Non Real Time-Variable Bit Rate 非实时可变比特率NSAP Network Service Access Point 网络业务接入点NT Network Terminal 网络终端NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation 日本电话电报公司NU Network Unit 网络单元OOADM Optical Add Drop Multiplexer 光分插复用器OAM Operation Administration and Maintenance 运行、管理和维护OAM&P Operation Administration Maintenance and Provisioning 运行、管理、维护和配置OAN Optical Access Network 光接入网OBS On-line Billing System 在线计费系统ODN Optical Distribution Network 光配线网ODSI Optical Domain Service Interconnect 光域业务互连OEO Optical-Electrical-Optical Converter 光/电/光转换器OFC Optical Fiber Communications 光纤通信OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 正交频分复用OIF Optical Internetworking Forum 光因特网论坛OLS Optical Label Switching 光标签交换OLT Optical Line Terminal 光线路终端OMA Open Mobile Alliance 开放移动联盟OMC-R Operation and Maintenance Center-Radio 无线维护操作中心OMCI ONT Management and Control Interface 光网络终端管理与控制接口OMCI Operations Management Communications Interface 操作管理通信接口OMG Object Management Group 对象管理组ONLY One Number Links You 一号通ONNS Optical Network Navigation System 光网络导航系统ONU Optical Network Unit 光网络单元OPTIS Overlapped PAM Transmission with Interlocking Spectra 频谱互锁重叠的PAM传输OSA Open Service Architecture 开放的业务结构OSI Open Systems Interconnection 开放系统互连OSPF Open Shortest Path First 开放式最短路径优先OSS Operation Support Systems 运营支撑系统OSX Open Service Exchange 开放业务交换平台OTD Observation Time Difference 观察时间差OTN Optical Transport Network 光传输网络OVPN Optical Virtual Private Network 光虚拟专用网OXC Optical Cross Connect 光交叉连接PP-CSCF Proxy CSCF 代理CSCFP2MP Point to Multi-Point 点到多点PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation 脉冲幅度调制PBN Packet Based Networks 分组网络PBS Polarization Beam Splitter 极化光束分离器PBX Private Branch eXchange 用户交换机PC Personal Computer 个人电脑PC Permanent Connection 永久性连接PCF Packet Control Function 分组控制功能实体PCM Pulse Code Modulation 脉冲编码调制PCS Physical Coding Sub-layer 物理编码子层PCS Personal Communication Service 个人通信业务PDF Policy Decision Function 策略判决功能PDN Packet Data Network 分组数据网PDP Policy Decision Point 策略决定点PDSN Packet Data Service Node 分组数据业务节点PDU Protocol Data Unit 协议数据单元PEP Policy Execution Point 策略执行点PER Packet Encoding Rules 分组编码规则PES PSTN Emulation Subsystem PSTN仿真子系统PHS Personal Hand-phone System 个人手持电话系统PI Physical Interface 物理接口PINT PSTN/Internet Internetworking PSTN与Internet的互通PLI PDU Length Indicator 协议数据单元长度指示符PLL Phase Locked Loop 锁相环PLMN Public Land Mobile Network 公用陆地移动网PLOAM Physical Layer OAM 物理层OAMPMA Physical Medium Attachment 物理媒体接入子层PMD Physical Medium Dependent 物理媒体相关子层PNNI Private Network-to-Network Interface 专用网间接口PoC Push to Talk over Cellular 无线一键通POH Path Overhead 通道开销PON Passive Optical Network 无源光网络POP Post Office Protocol 邮局协议PoS Packet over SDH SDH上的IP分组POS Passive Optical Splitter 无源光分路器POTS Plain Old Telephone Service 普通电话业务PPP Point to Point Protocol 点对点协议PPS Pre-Paid Service 预付费PR Packet Ring 分组环PRA Primary Rate Access 基群速率接入PRI Primary Rate Interface 基群速率接口PS Packet Switched 分组交换PSC Pre-paid Service Center 预付费业务中心PSE Personal Service Environment 个人业务环境PSTN Public Telephone Switched Network 公共交换电话网PTM Packet Transfer Mode 分组传输模式PTN Personal Telecommunications Number 个人通信号码PTT Push To Talk 一键通PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit 永久虚电路QQAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 正交幅度调制QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format 四分之一通用中间格式QIB Quality Indicator Bit 质量指示器位QoS Quality of Service 服务质量QPSK Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying 正交相移键控RR-SCH Reverse-Supplementary Channel 反向辅助信道R-SG Roaming Signaling Gateway 漫游信令网关RAB Reverse Activity Bit 反向激活比特RAC Resource Availability Confirm 资源可用确认RACS Resource and Admission Control Subsystem 资源与接入控制子系统RADIUS Remote Access Dial-In User Service 远程接入拨号用户业务RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital subscriber Line 速率自适应数字用户线路RAI Resource Availability Indication 资源可用指示RAN Radio Access Network 无线接入网RAS Registration Admission Status 注册、许可和状态RCF Registration ConFirm 注册确认REL Release 呼叫释放信息RFC Request For Comments 请求评论文档RG Residential Gateway 驻地网关RIP Request In Progress 请求进展RLP Radio Link Protocol 无线链路协议RLU Remote Line Unit 远端用户线单元RNC Radio Network Controller 无线网络控制器RNS Radio Network Subsystem 无线网络子系统RPR Resilient Packet Ring 弹性分组环RRJ Registration ReJect 注册拒绝RRQ Registration ReQuest 注册请求RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol 资源预留协议RSVP-TE Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering 基于流量工程扩展的资源预留协议RTCP Real-time Transfer Control Protocol 实时传输控制协议RTP Real-time Transfer Protocol 实时传输协议RTSP Real-time Streaming Protocol 实时流媒体协议RTU Remote Terminal Unit 远方终端单元RT-VBR Real Time-Variable Bit Rate 实时可变比特率SS-CSCF Serving CSCF 服务CSCFSA Security Association 安全关联SA Smart Antenna 智能天线SACP Service Access Control Point 业务接入控制点SAD Security Association Database 安全关联数据库SAF Special Access Function 特定接入功能SAM Subscriber Application Management 用户应用管理系统SAM Subsequent Address Message 后续地址消息SC Switched Connection 交换式连接SC-F Signaling Conversion Function 信令转换功能SC-TDMA Single Carrier Time Division Multiple Access 单载波时分多址SCCP Signaling Connection control Part 信令连接控制部分SCE Service Creation Environment 业务生成环境SCEP Service Creation Environment Point 业务生成环境点SCF Service Control Function 业务控制功能SCM Sub-Carrier Multiplexing 副载波复用SCN Switched Circuit Network 电路交换网SCP Service Control Point 业务控制点SCS Service Capability Server 业务能力服务器SCTP Stream Control Transport Protocol 流控制传输协议SDF Service Data Function 业务数据功能SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 同步数字系列SDL Simple Data Link 简单数据链路SDM Space Division Multiplexing 空分复用SDMA Space Division Multiple Access 空分多址SDP Service Data Point 业务数据点SDP Session Description Protocol 会话描述协议SDR Software Defined Radio 软件无线电SDSL Single Digital Subscriber Line 单线数字用户线SEP Signaling End Point 信令终结点SG Signaling Gateway 信令网关SGCP Simple Gateway Control Protocol 简单网关控制协议SGF Signaling Gateway Function 信令网关功能SGSN Serving GPRS Supporting Node GPRS服务支持节点SIB Service Independent Building Blocks 基于与业务无关的模块SIGTRAN Signaling Transport 信令传输协议SIIT Stateless IP/ICMP Translation 无状态IP/ICMP转换SIM Subscriber Identity Module 用户身份模块SIP Session Initiation Protocol 会话发起协议SIP-I SIP with Encapsulated ISUP 带有ISUP消息封装的SIP协议SIP-S SIP Servlet 应用于伺服系统的会话发起协议SIP-T Session Initiation Protocol for Telephone 应用于电话网的SIP协议SLA Service Level Agreement 服务等级协议SLF Subscriber Location Function 签约用户定位功能SLR Subscriber Location Router 用户位置路由器SMAP Service Management Access Point 业务管理接入点SMP Service Management Point 业务管理点SMS Service Management System 业务管理系统SMS Short Message Service 短消息业务SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 简单邮件传输协议SN Serving Node 服务节点SNC Sub-Network Connection 子网络连接SNCP Sub-Network Connection Protection 子网连接保护SNI Service Node Interface 业务节点接口SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 简单网络管理协议SNR Signal to Noise Ratio 信噪比SOHO Small Office/Home Office 小办公室/家庭办公室SONET Synchronous Optical Network 光同步网SP Signaling Point 信令点SPAN Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks 高级网络的服务与协议SPC Soft Permanent Connection 软永久连接SPD Security Policy Database 安全策略数据库SPI Security Parameter Index 安全参数索引SPIRITS Service in the PSTN IN Requesting InTernet Service PSTN/IN请求因特网服务业务SPX Sequential Packet eXchange 序列分组交换SQ Sequence Indicator 序列指示器SRBP Signaling Radio Burst Protocol 信令无线突发协议SRF Specialized Resource Function 专用资源功能SRP Spatial Reuse Protocol 空间重用协议SS7 Signaling System 7 7号信令网SSF Service Switching Function 业务交换功能SSP Service Switching Point 业务交换点STC Space-Time Coding 空时编码STC Signaling Transport Converter 信令传输转换器STM Synchronous Transfer Mode 同步传输模式STM-N Synchronous Transport Module Level N 第N级同步传输模块STP Signaling Transfer Point 信令转接点STP Spanning Tree Protocol 生成树协议STS Synchronous Transport Signal 同步传输信号SUA SCCP User Adaptation Layer SCCP用户适配层TT-SG Transport Signaling Gateway 传输信令网关T2P Traffic-to-Pilot 业务到导航信道TACS Total Access Communication System 全接入通信系统TC Transmission Convergence 传输汇聚TCA Terminal Control Area 终端控制区TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part 事物处理应用部分TCP Transmission Control Protocol 传输控制协议TD-CDMA Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access 时分码分多址TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronization Code Division Multiple Access 时分同步码分多址TDD Time Division Duplex 时分双工TDM Time Division Multiplexing 时分复用TDMA Time Division Multiple Access 时分多址TE Terminal Equipment 终端设备TE Traffic Engineering 流量工程TeS Telephony Server 电话服务器TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol 普通文件传输协议TG Trunk Gateway 中继网关TIA Telecommunication Industry Association 电信工业协会TIPHON Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks 透过网络的电信及网际网路通信协议TISPAN Telecommunications and Internet Converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking 电信和互联网融合业务及高级网络协议组TLS Transparent Local Area Network Service 透明局域网业务TML Telephone Markup Langue 电信标记语言TMN Telecommunications Management Network 电信管理网TMSC Trunk Mobile Switching Center 汇接移动交换中心TOS Type Of Service 服务类型TRAU Transcoder and Rate Adapter Unit 码型变换/速率适配器TRIP Telephony Routing over IP IP电话路由TSM TD-SCDMA System for Mobile TD-SCDMA移动通信系统TSN Trunk Service Node 中继服务节点TSP Terminal Supporting Processor 终端支持处理机TTC Telecommunication Technology Committee 日本情报通信技术委员会TTA Telecommunication Technology Association 韩国电气通信技术协会TTI Transmission Time Interval 传输时间间隔TTS Text To Speech 文本转换为语音TU Transaction User 事务用户TUP Telephone User Part 电话用户部分UUAS Universal Audio Server 通用语音服务器UBR Unspecified Bit Rate 未指定比特率UCF Unregistration ConFirm 注销确认UDP User Datagram Protocol 用户数据报协议UE User Equipment 用户设备UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card 通用集成电路卡ULH Ultra Long Haul 超长距离传输UMS User Mobility Service 用户移动服务UMS Unified Messaging Service 统一消息业务UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 通用移动通信系统UNI User Network Interface 用户网络接口UPC Usage Parameter Control 使用参数控制UPT Universal Personal Telecommunication 通用个人通信URI Uniform Resource Identifier 统一资源标识URL Uniform Resource Locator 统一资源定位器URJ Unregistration ReJect 注销拒绝URQ Unregistration ReQuest 注销请求UBR Unspecified Bit Rate 未指定比特率USB Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线USP Universal Signaling Point 通用信令网关UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network 通用地面无线接入网络VV5UA V5.2 User Adaptation Layer V5.2用户适配层VAD Voice Activity Detection 语音激活检测VC Virtual Container 虚容器VC Virtual Channel 虚拟通道VCG Virtual Concatenation Group 虚级联组VCI Virtual Channel Identifier 虚拟通道标识VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers 垂直腔面发射激光器VDSL Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line 甚高速数字用户线VHE Virtual Home Environment 虚拟归属环境VLAN Virtual LAN 虚拟局域网VLR Visited Location Register 拜访位置寄存器VoD Video on Demand 视频点播VoDSL Voice over DSL 在数字用户线上传输语音VoIP Voice over IP IP话音VP Virtual Path 虚拟路径VPG Virtual Path Group 虚拟路径组VPHS Virtual Private Hub Service 虚拟专用Hub业务VPI Virtual Path Identifier 虚拟路径标识VPLS Virtual Private LAN Service 虚拟专用局域网业务。
中移动家庭网关终端技术规范v3.0.0
中国移动通信企业标准QB-╳╳-╳╳╳-╳╳╳╳家庭网关终端技术规范T e c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n f o r H o m e G a t e w a y版本号：╳╳╳╳-╳╳-╳╳发布╳╳╳╳-╳╳-╳╳实施中国移动通信集团公司发布目录1. 范围 ........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
2. 规范性引用文件............................................... 错误!未定义书签。
3. 术语、定义和缩略语........................................... 错误!未定义书签。
4. 设备总体定义 ................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
.设备在网络中的位置........................................... 错误!未定义书签。
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.接口要求..................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
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CCVP介绍
CCVP认证简介CCVP认证标志着具备与VoIP技术相关的IP PBX、IP电话、呼叫控制和语音邮件等解决方案的助理级别的技能；CCVP认证由5门标准课程组成。
CCVP认证必备条件必须具有CCNA VOICE认证或者任何CCIE认证。
CCVP认证考试和培训课程（5门）1）考试号：642-436 CVOICE 6.0培训课程：Cisco Voice Over IP (CVOICE v6.0)2）考试号：642-446 CIPT1培训课程：Implementing Cisco Unified Communications Manager Part 1（CIPT1 v6.0）3）考试号：642-642 QOS培训课程：Quality of Service (QoS)4）考试号：642-456 CIPT2培训课程：Implementing Cisco Unified Communications Manager Part 2（CIPT2 v6.0）5）考试号：642-426 TUC培训课程：Troubleshooting Cisco Unified Communications Systems (TUC v1.0)CCVP重认证CCVP证书的有效期为三年，在过期之前通过任何一个642-xxx考试，或者任何一个方向的CCIE笔试即可重认证。
CCVP培训课程介绍（1）Cisco Voice Over IP (CVOICE v6.0)课时：5天程度：中级课程描述：《CVOICE v6.0》课程提供对语音与数据网络融合的理解，也挑战多种网络技术的管理；还包括向企业VOIP 网络集成语音网关和关守所需要的知识和技能，以及与部署VOIP网络相关的地址设计、规划和实验。
课程目标：1.描述VOIP基本概念、VOIP网络组件、VOIP协议，VOIP呼叫和CODEC需求。
2.配置语音网关支持VOIP与PSTN网络的互连3.了解和配置语音网关的基本信令协议4.定义拨号地址规划，在语音网关实现拨号地址规划5.了解关守功能和协议，实现H.323关守提供拨号规划和呼叫许可控制6.实现思科UBE(Cisco Unified Border Element)网关到ITSP(Internet Telephony Service Provider.)的连接课程内容1.介绍VOIP2.配置语音端口3.实现VOIP网关4.实现网关拨号规划5.实现H.323关守6.连接到ITSP（2）Implementing Cisco Unified Communications Manager Part 1（CIPT1 v6.0）课时：5天程度：中级课程描述：《CIPT1 v6.0》课程学习在单站点中安装、配置思科UC manager（UCM）方案，课程以UCM6.0为主，学习UC方案中的呼叫路由和信令组件，配置UCM和交换机，实现MGCP网关、拨号规划，以及LDAP和语音邮件的集成。
通信英语缩写查询
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通信英语缩写查询
1X 增强 1X EV-DO 1X Evolution Data Only 1X 增强-数据 1X EV-DV 1X Evolution Data & Voice 1X 增强-数据与语音 1xEV-DO 1x evolution Data Optimized 1x 演进数据优化 24PB 24V Power Board 24V 电源板 2G BTS 2G Base Station Transceiver 仅支持IS-95 空中接口标准的BTS 3G BTS 3G Base Station Transceiver 支持IS-2000 空中接口标准的BTS A AAA Authentication Authorization Accounting 认证、授权、记帐 AAL ATM Adaptation Layer ATM 适配层 AAL2 ATM Adaptation Layer type 2 ATM 适配层2 AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer type 5 ATM 适配层5 Abis Interface Abis Interface—the interface of BSC--BTS 基站控制器和基站收发信机间接口 ABS Air Break Switch 空气开关 AC Asynchronous Capsule 异步包 ACB Amplifier Control Board 放大器控制板 ACCH Associated Control Channel 随路控制信道 ACCM Asynchronous Control Character Map 异步控制字符映射 ACIR Adjacent Channel Interference Ratio 相邻信道干扰比 ACK Acknowledgement 应答 ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio 相邻信道泄漏功率比 ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity 相邻信道选择性 ADF Application Dedicated File 应用专用文件 ADN Abbreviated Dialing Numbers 按字母顺序排列的电话号码薄 AESA ATM End System Address ATM 末端系统地址 AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益控制 AH Authentication Header 鉴权报头 AI Acquisition Indicator 捕获指示 AICH Acquisition Indicator Channel 捕获指示信道 AID Application IDentifier 应用标识符 CPO-002-C1 CDMA 网络优化篇 AIUR Air Interface User Rate 空中接口用户速率 AK Anonymity key 匿名密钥 ALC Automatic Level Control 自动电平控制 ALCAP Access Link Control Application Protocol 接入链路控制应用协议
发出不同的声音英语作文
发出不同的声音英语作文In the realm of human communication, sound serves as a multifaceted tool, shaping interactions, conveying emotions, and facilitating understanding. Among the myriad soundsthat populate our auditory landscape, the diversity of voices stands out prominently. Each voice, with its unique timbre, pitch, and cadence, contributes to the richtapestry of human expression. In this essay, I will delve into the significance of different voices in the English language, exploring their roles in various contexts andtheir impact on communication.First and foremost, voices serve as distinctive markers of individual identity. Just as fingerprints are unique to each person, so too are voices. From the velvety smoothness of a baritone to the crystalline clarity of a soprano, voices possess a remarkable ability to reflect the essenceof their speakers. This uniqueness not only distinguishes one individual from another but also imbues communication with a personal touch, fostering connections and forgingbonds.Moreover, voices carry cultural nuances that enrich the communicative experience. Dialects, accents, andintonations serve as linguistic fingerprints, revealing the geographical, social, and cultural backgrounds of speakers. For instance, the lilting brogue of an Irish speaker evokes images of verdant landscapes and lively pub conversations, while the clipped vowels of a British accent evoke notions of tradition and refinement. In this way, voices become vessels of cultural heritage, preserving and perpetuating linguistic diversity.In addition to their role in individual and cultural identity, voices play a crucial role in conveying emotion. The pitch, volume, and modulation of a voice can convey a wide spectrum of feelings, from joy and excitement to sorrow and despair. Consider the animated inflections of a storyteller, whose voice rises and falls with the ebb and flow of the narrative, captivating listeners and evoking empathy. Similarly, the hushed tones of a confidant convey trust and intimacy, creating a safe space for sharingvulnerabilities. Thus, voices serve as powerful instruments of emotional expression, transcending linguistic barriersto forge genuine connections.Furthermore, voices wield influence beyond the realm of interpersonal communication, shaping perceptions and attitudes in society at large. Historically, certain voices have been privileged over others, reflecting power dynamics based on factors such as gender, race, and socioeconomic status. For example, the deep, authoritative timbre traditionally associated with masculinity has long dominated public discourse, relegating higher-pitchedvoices to subordinate roles. Similarly, accents anddialects perceived as prestigious have been valorized,while others have been stigmatized or marginalized. However, efforts to amplify diverse voices and challenge entrenched hierarchies are gradually reshaping the landscape of public discourse, fostering inclusivity and representation.In conclusion, voices constitute a rich tapestry of human expression, reflecting individual identity, cultural heritage, and emotional depth. From the melodic cadences ofa poet to the impassioned pleas of an activist, voices transcend linguistic boundaries to convey meaning and foster connection. By embracing the diversity of voices that populate our world, we enrich our collective understanding and celebrate the myriad ways in which humanity expresses itself.。
7368 ISAM ONT使用手册说明书
7368 ISAM ONTThe Alcatel-Lucent G-240G-A Optical Network Terminal (ONT) with four Gigabit Ethernet, two POTS is part of the industry-leading Alcatel-Lucent 7368 ISAM ONT product family and is com-patible with the Alcatel-Lucent 7342/7360 ISAM FTTx product line. It is designed to deliver triple play services in a Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) environment to single family units where multiple Ethernet and voice ports are required. The Alcatel-Lucent ONTs terminate the Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) fiber interface compliant with a Full Service Access Network (FSAN).The G-240G-A ONT is designed is designed for small businesses and residential customers. This ONT offers data, voice and video services to the subscriber through FTTH or Fiber-to-the-Premises (FTTP) applications. The G-240G-A isa temperature-hardened ONT suitablefor outdoor and indoor deployments.For outdoor deployment, the G-240G-A should be mounted in an “Alcatel-Lucent Universal SFU Outdoor ONT enclosure.” The G-240G ONT is compliant with ITU-T G.984, supporting a line rate of 2.5 Gb/s downstream and 1.25 Gb/s upstream. With GPON as the up-link interface, theG-240G-A ONT supports standard triple play services: voice, video, and high-speed Internet access to support home network-ing. Compliant with the standard ONT management and control interface (OMCI) definition, the G-240G-A ONT can be man-aged from a remote site via application management services (AMS) and supports the full range of Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security (FCAPS) functions.FEATURES• Compliant with ITU-T G.984, supportsa line rate of 2.5 Gb/s downstream and1.25 Gb/s upstream• With GPON as the up-link interface, supports standard triple play services: voice, video, and high-speed Internetaccess to support home networking • Can be managed from a remote site via access management system (AMS)• Supports the full range of Fault,Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security (FCAPS) functions BENEFITS• Delivers connectivity to Ethernet devices within the home• Supports full triple play services including voice, video, and high-speed Internet access• Supports IP video distribution• Delivers voice services using voice over IP (VoIP)• Supports T.38 fax services• Delivers video services efficiently with multicasting or unicasting• Network management via Alcatel-Lucent 5520 AMS• Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snoopingServicesDataThe G-240G-A ONT supports up to four10/100/1000 Base-T Gigabit Ethernetdata interfaces:• Auto-negotiation and MDI/MDIX auto sensing• Data transfer at wire speed• Built-in Layer 2 switch• Advanced data features such as VLAN tag manipulation, classification and filteringG-240G-A indoorG-240G-A outdoor Alcatel, Lucent, Alcatel-Lucent and the Alcatel-Lucent logo are trademarks ofAlcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. The information presented is subject to change without notice. Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies contained herein. Copyright © 2014 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved. MKT2014066193EN (June)VoiceThe G-240G-A ONT supports up to two POTS interface ports for carrier-grade voice services:• 5 REN per line, balanced sinusoidal ring signal at 55 V RMS, DTMF dialing • Multiple voice CODECs• Echo canceling, voice activity detection (VAD), comfort noise generator (CNG)• Various CLASS services – Caller ID, Call waiting, Call forwarding, Call transfer, etc.• Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (RFC 3261)VideoG-240G-A ONT supports video services over the Ethernet data ports (multicast or unicast).The ONT also supports the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping function to perform the filtering process for IPTV. The ONT supports IPTV service capability on all the Ethernet service ports concurrently. The fast leave function is supported for enhancing the efficiency of bandwidth.InterfacesThe G-240G-A supports the following service interfaces:• 4 x 10/100/1000Base-T • 2 x POTSTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSDimensions• Height: 33 mm (1.3 in)• Width: 208 mm (8.18 in)• Depth: 142 mm (5.59 in)• Weight: 0.26 kg (0.57 lb) (power adapter not included)Installation• Desktop mounting • Wall mounting• Outdoor mounting (In Alcatel-Lucent Universal SFU-ONT enclosure)Power supply• +12 V (feed via external AC/DC adapter)• Dying Gasp support• Power consumption: less than 8 WOperating environment• Temperature: -40°C to 60°C (-40°F to 140°F)• Humidity: 5% to 90% relative humidityGPON TC layer• G.984.3-compliant GPON Encapsulation Method (GEM) framing • Multiple transmission containers (T-CONTs) per device • Multiple GEM ports per device• Flexible mapping between GEM ports and T-CONT • G.984.3-compliance:¬ activation with automatic discovered SN and password ¬ Advanced Encryption System (AES-128) ¬ Forward Error Correction (FEC)¬ DBA reporting IEEE 802.1p to GEM mapper service profile in upstream direction • G984.5 compliance: GPON/XGPON co-existenceGPON network interface• Compliant with G.984.x GPON standards • SFF-type laser, SC/APC connector• 1.244 G burst mode upstream transmitter • 2.488 G downstream receiver• Avalanche photodiode (APD) receiver and distributed feedback (DFB) transmitter • 0.5 dBm ~ 5.0 dBm launch power, -28 dBm ~ -8dBm for receiving • Wavelengths: ¬ upstream: 1310 nm ¬ downstream: 1490 nm• Laser compliant with FCC 21 CFREthernet• 10/100/1000 Base-T interface with RJ-45 connectors • Ethernet port auto-negotiation or manual configuration • MDI/MDIX automatically sense• Support of port based downstream priority queues and strict priorityscheduling for traffic class of service (CoS) differentiation • Virtual switch based on IEEE 802.1Q VLAN • VLAN tagging/detagging per Ethernet port and marking/remarking (IEEE 802.1P)• VLAN stacking (Q-in-Q) and VLAN translation • CoS based on VLAN ID, 802.1p bit • IP v4 Type of Service/DifferentiatedService Code Point (ToS/DSCP) to 802.1p mapping for untagged frames • Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) v2/v3 snooping • Supports RFC 2236 (V2), RFC 3376 (V3), any-source multicast (ASM) and source-specific multicast (SSM)POTS interface• RJ-14 connector • 5 REN• Balanced ring, 55 V RMS • DTMF dialing • Echo cancellation• VAD and comfort noise insertion • SIP (RFC 3261)• Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) (RFC 3550/3551)• Support various CLASS services – Caller ID, Call waiting, Direct Call, CLIP, Call forwarding, Call transfer, Three way calling, etc.• ITU-T G.711, G.722, G.729• ITU-T T.38 fax• Country-specific ring tone generationOA&M• Standard compliant OMCI (the embedded operations channel) interface as defined by ITU-T G.984.4 and ITU-T G.988• Support local web GUI for the ONU authentication password configuration from LAN side • MIB manipulation over OMCI by create, delete, set, get, get next commands • Provisioning of diverse services including Ethernet, VoIP, etc.• Alarm reporting and performance monitoring • Remote software image download over OMCI, as well as activation and rebooting • Supports SLID (via POTS port or web GUI)Buttons• Power • ResetLEDs• POWER • BTRY • FAIL • DATA1-4 • NTWK • MGMT • POTSREGULATORYSafety and EMI• UL 60950-1• CSA C22.2 No. 60950-1• FCC part 15b, Class B, IC-003• ITU-T K.21。
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1 INTERNET-DRAFT Hassan NaserDiffserv Working Group Alberto Leon-GarciaExpires:June1999Dept.of Electrical and Computer Eng.University of TorontoToronto,ON M5S3G4,CanadaOsama Aboul-MagdNortel NetworksOttawa,ON K1Y4H7,CanadaDecember1998Voice over Differentiated Servicesdraft-naser-voice-diffserv-eval-00.pdfStatus of This MemoThis document is an Internet-Draft.Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engi-neering Task Force(IETF),its areas,and its working groups.Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced,or obsoleted by other documents at any time.It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as“work in progress.”To view the entire list of current Internet-Drafts,please check the“1id-abstracts.txt”listing contained in the Internet-Drafts Shadow Directories on ftp.is.co.za(Africa),(North-ern Europe),ftp.nis.garr.it(Southern Europe),munnari.oz.au(Pacific Rim),(US East Coast),or (US West Coast).AbstractWe study the performance of the Constant Bit Rate(CBR)and the interpolated ON-OFF voice over the differentiated services Internet.Both the Premium and Assured services are tested,and their relative performance is ing these services,at the DS3rate,the call handling capacity can be doubled,at the expense of packetization delay and a few milliseconds packet delay. Also,at a reasonable load level,if the Assuredflows are smooth their playout delay could be limited to a few milliseconds.This is true even in the presence of the higher-priority Premiumflows.The loss rate of the Assured packets at the RIO buffer is observed to be within the order of,where as the best effort packet loss rate is within the order of.Finally,shaping the Premium trafficreaches diminishing returns;shaping could often exceedingly increase the end-to-end delay and jitter of the Premium traffic.1IntroductionWe present a simulation study of voice transmission over the two-bit differentiated services[1]for the Internet.The“Premium”service is proposed by Jacobson[1]to meet the demand for high quality service.This service essentially creates a“virtual line”with the bandwidth equal to the desired peak bit-rate being negotiated.The Premiumflows are expected to experience a very small queuing delay and delay-jitter inside the network.This service could potentially yield the levels of quality that the Constant Bit Rate(CBR)applications require.The“Assured”service proposed by Clark et al.[2][3]provides a“better level”of service than the ordinary“best effort”service,during period of network congestion.The level of service assurance is determined by an expected bit-rate that is negotiated with the network.If the level of assurance is not satisfactory,then a higher bit-rate must be(re)negotiated.This service allows more statistical multiplexing of data,at the expense of lower quality,than the Premium service.The Assured service might be useful for transmitting the V ariable Bit Rate(VBR)traffic,such as the interpolated ON-OFF voice.However,the achievable quality of service needs to be investigated.Reference[1]lists the benefits of deploying both Premium and Assured services,and provides a set of common mechanisms in the access,core,and border routers of an internet in order to implement them.The network routers that deploy both services always serve the Premium traffic with a high priority over the Assured and best-effort traffic.This,however,should not significantly deteriorate the performance of Assuredflows as long as the Premium allocations remain small.For the combined architecture to work,the access routers(or other edge devices)classify the flows,and check their conformity to the contracted profile.The Premiumflows need to be shaped in order to generate sufficiently smooth traffic.Regardless of what shaping mechanism is chosen, one can speculate that the Premiumflows must initially be smooth,or else,shaping can have a effect.For example,our study of bursty video traffic indicates that shaping can introduce large delay and delay-jitter into the Premium traffic.Currently,there are two mechanisms favored by the DiffServ community to implement the con-formity check(i.e,policing/reshaping)at the access routers.The“rate estimator”mechanism[3] measures the sending-rate of the corresponding TCPflow,and allows the policer to mark packets once the measured rate exceeds a certain threshold.On the other hand,the“leaky bucket”mech-anism measures the amount of data that aflow generates over any time interval.If the amount of data exceeds a certain threshold the leaky bucket marks(or discards in some implementations)the flow's packets.We chose to implement the“leaky bucket”mechanism as a means of checking thetraffic conformity.For voice and video traffic,the performance of the leaky bucket mechanism has long been investigated.We also use this mechanism to implement the border policing functions. The performance of the rate estimator mechanism needs to be studied for voice and video traffic.In this draft,we study the performance of Premium service and Assured service for CBR and ON-OFF voice traffic.We will examine the relative performance of the Premium and Assured services in a congested network.We will identify the situations where the Premium performance does not change significantly,while the Assured traffic performance deteriorates.The parameters of our study are the packet length,the level of network load,the relative portion of the link bandwidth assigned to each service class,and the number of sources that compete for service at each node.First,we briefly review the common architecture used to implement the differentiated services [1].We refer the reader to the reference for a more detailed explanation.We then introduce our network model and the simulated parameters.Finally,we end our report with a discussion of results.2Implementation of Differentiated ServicesFigure1shows our implementation of the differentiated services architecture proposed in[1].The network elements deployed both Premium and Assured services in addition to the default best effort service.These network elements are:leaf routers,core routers,and border routers of the Internet.Leaf routers were configured with“traffic profiles”of individual differentiated servicesflows. Each traffic profile set up a“traffic Marker”with the appropriate perflow traffic descriptors.In our implementation,the Markers were leaky buckets that compared the generated user traffic against the configured rate and burst traffic descriptors.Unless otherwise stated,the Premium bucket rate was configured with theflow's peak bit-rate.The burst size(bucket depth)of the Premium Marker was set to the size of the largest packet theflow generated.The Premium Marker shaped the arriving traffic by enqueuing the user data generated faster than the bucket consumption rate. Thus,all packets that emerged from the Marker were considered conforming Premium packets, albeit to a probable(large)shaping delay.The Assured(leaky bucket)Marker was set up with theflow's requested rate and burst size. Unlike,the Premiumflows,the Assuredflows were allowed to inject large traffic bursts into the network.This was done by demoting the non-conforming packets to best effort.Thus,the Assured Marker acted as a policer leaving non-conforming packets to be discarded inside the network.The network routers do not keep perflow information but rather act on the aggregate differen-tiated traffic.At each output interface of a router,two priority queues were deployed.The arrivingL L LLPolicer CC B L L R RR R RRrespectively.For simplicity,we ignore the queueing delay at the leaf routers.For this,the only points of queuing/multiplexing are within the core routers.However,the leaf routers still reshape (in case of Premium)or police(in case of Assured)flows with the Markers described in the last section.Figure.The delay performances are the average and the-percentile;where for the Premiumflow,and95%for the Assuredflow.At all load levels,the Premium delay performances are less than the corresponding Assured delay performances.This is especially true at the high load levels,where the difference reaches to two order of magnitude.Moreover,the Premium delay curves begin to rise at a lower load level than the Assured delay curves.One reason for this is that the Premium bandwidth is scarce(compared to the Assured bandwidth),thus,the Premium performance can easily be deteriorated when the Premium class is over-subscribed.In terms of the playout delay performance,at the highest load level shown,99%of the Premium packets see an end-to-end delay of less than1.15milliseconds.At this load level,however,95% of the Assured packets see an end-to-end delay of less than130milliseconds—still within the200 milliseconds acceptable bound for the voice packets.At the lowest load level,the Assured playout delay is only2.6times greater than the Premium playout delay.Therefore,the user of the Assured service will have to allocate a much larger playout buffer at the destination than the Premium user will.One encouraging result is that the number of accepted voice calls(flows)is almost two times larger than the number of voice calls that is normally accepted at the DS3telephone pare the total accepted number offlows here—this is between1441and1546depending on the load Mbpslevel—withoccupancy averaged over the three core nodes.As RIO is concerned,we took two measurements: the maximum Assured buffer occupancy,and the maximum total(i.e,Assured plus best effort) buffer occupancy.For the curves labeled“PRL20”,the Premium load wasfixed at20%and the Assured load was varied from25%to40%.For the curves labeled“ASL40”,the Assured load was fixed at40%and the Premium load was varied from5%to20%.As Figure5shows,for the same total load,more Premium load(PRL20)results in an slight increase in the Assured delay performances,compared with the more Assured load case(ASL40). In terms of the RIO performance,at very high load levels(),the PRL20case creates slightly more congestion in the RIO buffer than the ASL40case.At all other load levels the opposite is almost true.One reason for this is that the PRL20case consistently utilizes“all”allocated premium bandwidth.This case generates more Premium packets than the ASL40case.At a very high load, these Premium packets impede theflow of non-Premium packets at the core nodes.This results in a large RIO congestion when the network operates at high load,under the PRL20case.We have also measured the rates at which the packets were discarded at the Premium and RIO buffers.At all load levels shown in Figure5,there was no Premium or Assured packet loss inside the network.Only at the highest load level shown in thefigure were the best effort packets discarded at the rates of and for the PRL20case and ASL40case, respectively.At other load levels,none of the best effort packets were lost.Returning to the delay performance of the Assured referenceflow,the following interesting observation can be made.The delay performance—either the average or the95%Percentile—of the“CBR”Assuredflow(shown in Figure5)is less than the corresponding delay performance of the“ON-OFF”Assuredflow(shown in Figure3).This is particularly true at the high network load, where the playout delay of the CBR Assuredflow is bounded by20milliseconds,as compared to the100millisecond playout delay of the ON-OFF Assuredflow.This means that when the Assured flows are smooth,the Assured service can yield a reasonably good delay performance.In fact,as long as the load remains below95%,the playout delay of the Assured CBRflow is within a few millisecond,slightly larger than what is shown for the Premium CBRflow in Figure3.5Effect of ShapingThe premiumflows are assumed to inject a very smooth traffic into the core network.For this,the Premium Markers at the leaf routers should reshape the user generated traffic.In this section,we study the effect of(re)shaping on the Premium and Assuredflow performances.First,we describe the baseline scenario where Premium CBRflows were multi-plexed with Assured and best effort ON-OFFflows.This maintained the load at each node at nearly100%.Regarding the amount of reshaping of the Premiumflows at the leaf routers,we compared the following four cases shown in Table2.With CBR-1,the CBRflows were essentially not reshaped.The token bucket parameters were chosen from TableCBR-1CBR-3Average Delay(msec)78.760.9131.13* 1.03Standard Deviation(msec)25.620.0732)larger than the token rate of CBR-2in order to accommodate the initial jitter in the packet inter-arrivals.The delay performances of these four cases are shown in Table2.For CBR-1,we show the 98.8%percentile,as the95%percentile was not available.For this,we should assume a lower percentile value than is shown when we compare it with the percentile delays of other cases. With CBR-2,the delay performances are unbelievably high.This means that when CBR traffic is shaped,a small jitter in the packet inter-arrival times could lead to a large end-to-end delay and delay-variation.CBR-1,CBR-3,and CBR-4essentially have the same average/percentile delay performances.The large Standard Deviation of CBR-3or CBR-4is greatly attributed to the initial jitter in the packet inter-arrival times.In the next simulation scenario,the Premium sources were also ON-OFFs.This scenario con-sisted of()ON-OFF sources with the rates indicated in Table1. The operating load at each node was therefore very close to100%.Like an Assured Marker,each Premium Marker generated tokens at5000bytes/sec—37.5% below the maximum rate.Should the Premium bucket-depth be chosen small,some percentage of the Premium packets would be delayed at the Marker.For example,if the bucket-depth was chosen to be equal to the Assured bucket-depth(see Table1),for10%of the Premium packets there would not be enough tokens in the bucket,and thus,they must be delayed at the bucket.To further investigate the effect of shaping,we varied the Premium bucket-depth,normalized by the packet length(576bytes).For each selected bucket-depth,we also adjusted the border Premiumbucket-depth to be the sum of the bucket-depth of all Premiumflows reaching the border.Figure6shows the delay performances(i.e,the average and the95%percentile)obtained for the Premium and the Assured reference packets,as functions of the Premium(reshaper)bucket depth.The Figure conveys a clear deterioration in the(delay)performances of the Premiumflows. When the Premiumflows are hard limited their delay performances are quite high—in fact as high as a couple of seconds!The Premium delay values only begin to fall when the Premium bucket depth is chosen larger than the size of ten packets.This number is equal to the average number of back-to-back packets generated by a Premium ON-OFF source during the ON interval. The Premium bucket depth must be chosen even larger than ten packets(i.e,between15to20 packets),in order to allow the delay performances of the Premiumflow to reach the Assuredflow performances.There is a transition phase in Figure6where the Premium delay performances drop from their unacceptably high values to the reasonably low values(in the range of one or a few millisec-onds).After the transition phase,the Premium delay performances do not change significantly. This is quite interesting,because,we allow the Premiumflows“not”to be reshaped where the flow's bucket depth is chosen to be300packet-size(the rightmost point of Figure6).Therefore, in the case of ON-OFF sources studied here,the shaping does not result in an acceptable delay performance.Now,let us investigate other issues involving the shaping.Figure7shows the number of non-conforming Premium packets that arrived at the border policer.Again,the variable is the Premium(reshaper)bucket depth.The simulation setup is as explained earlier.When the Premiumflows are shaped hard,the number of non-conforming Premium packets arriving at the border grows.This isfirstly due to the large shaping jitter,and secondly to the small(aggregate)bucket size chosen for the border policer when the Premium flows are smooth.For example,this bucket size is equal to bytes when each Premium flow bucket size is576bytes,whereas it is bytes when the individual Premiumflow buckets are.In the former case,the small bucket at the border cannot accommodate as many Premium packets as the later case can.Finally,Figure8shows the aggregate rate at which the Assured and Best-effort packets are discarded at all three RIO queues.For the best-effort packets,this rate remains essentially constant (),when the Premiumflow burstiness is changed.The Assured loss rate is however varied,but,still remains within the order of.6Large Premium AllocationSo far,the reserved bandwidth for the Premium class was kept as20%.In some cases,though,this bandwidth was not fully utilized.In this section,we study different bandwidth reservations for the Premium class.We varied the reserved bandwidth for this class from10%to50%.The reserved Assured bandwidth was kept to40%.Each class fully utilized its reserved bandwidth,while theremaining bandwidth was occupied by the best effort traffic.We used the baseline case where the Premiumflows were CBR types,and the non-Premiumflows were ON-OFF types.The observed delay performances of the Premium referenceflow were quite encouraging. While the average delay performance varied from0.88millisecond to1.06millisecond the98% percentile varied from0.93millisecond to1.18millisecond,when the Premium reservation changed from10%to50%.For the Assured referenceflow,the observed average and95%-percentile were in the[55,100]and[107,200]milliseconds,respectively.Note that the200millisecond delay bound(set by us)for the Assured packets was only reached when the Premium reservation was 50%.7Future workCurrently,we are studying the admission control algorithms for the combined differentiated ser-vices architecture.We anticipate that the measurement-based algorithms work better than the parameter-based algorithms,in the differentiated services environment.This is due to the fact that with the Premium and Assured services,theflows are characterized by only one(or two)pa-rameter(s).A measurement-based admission control mimics this inaccuracy by providing the real dynamics of the network.Nevertheless,our preliminary results have shown an excessive packet loss at nodes where admission control was not exercised.References[1]Nichols,K.and Jacobson,V.and Zhang,L.,“A Two-Bit Differentiated Services Architecturefor the Internet,”IETF Internet Draft,draft-nichols-diff-svc-arch-00.txt,November1997. [2]Clark,D.and Wroclawski,J.,“An Approach to Service Allocation in the Internet,”IETFInternet Draft,draft-clark-diff-svc-alloc-00.txt,July1997.[3]Clark, D.and Fang,W.,“Explicit Allocation of Best Effort Packet Delivery Service,”/Papers/exp-alloc-ddc-wf.ps.[4]Ibanez,J.and Nichols,K.,“Preliminary Simulation Evaluation of an Assured Service,”IETFInternet Draft,draft-ibanez-diffserv-assured-eval-00.txt,August1998.Author's AddressesHassan NaserDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoToronto,ON M5S 3G4,Canada Phone:(416)978-6876Email:hnaser@nal.utoronto.caAlberto Leon-GarciaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoToronto,ON M5S 3G4,Canada Phone:(416)978-4766Email:alg@nal.utoronto.ca Osama Aboul-Magd Nortel NetworksP.O.Box 3511,Station COttawa,ON K1Y 4H7,Canada Email:osama@nortel.ca0.850.92511.0751.1530507090*********E 2E D e l a y (m s e c )Number of Premium Flows (NP)Total Load0.8430.8710.8990.9280.9560.9851.013PR-Average99% Percentile11010030507090*********E 2E D e l a y (m s e c )Number of Premium Flows (NP)Total Load0.8430.8710.8990.9280.9560.9851.013AS-Average 95% Percentile Figure 3:Baseline Case:End-to-End Delay ;The left graph shows the average and 99%percentile delay values of the reference Premium flow,whereas the right graph shows the average and 95%percentile delay values of the reference Assured flow.0.0450.050.0550.060.0650.070.07530507090*********D e l a y S t a n d a r d D e v i a t i o n (m s e c )Number of Premium Flows (NP)Total Load0.8430.8710.8990.9280.9560.985 1.013PREMIUM051015202530354030507090*********D e l a y S t a n d a r d D e v i a t i o n (m s e c )Number of Premium Flows (NP)Total Load0.8430.8710.8990.9280.9560.985 1.013ASSUREDFigure 4:Baseline Case:Delay Standard Deviation ;The left graph shows reference Premium flow,whereas the right graph shows reference Assured flow.1101000.840.860.880.90.920.940.960.98A s s u r e d A V G D e l a y (m s e c )Total LoadPRL20-AVERAGEPRL20-95% PERCENTILEASL40-AVERAGEASL40-95% PERCENTILE 0501001502002503003504004500.840.860.880.90.920.940.960.98M a x . R I O B u f f e r O c c u p a n c yTotal LoadPRL20-ASSUREDPRL20-TOTAL ASL40-ASSUREDASL40-TOTALFigure 5:Effect of varying Premium or Assured Load :The left graph shows Assured delay performances,whereas the right graph shows the maximum RIO buffer occupancy.Case PRL20includes 140Premium CBR flows,and a varying number of Assured CBR flows;whereas,case ASL40includes 253Assured CBR flows,and a varying number of Premium CBR flows.0.1110100100010000110100D e l a y (m s e c )Premium Flow Bucket DepthPR-Average PR 95% PercentileAS-Average AS 95% PercentileFigure 6:Effect of Shaping :Average delay and -percentile delay of the reference Premium (PR)and the reference Assured (AS)packets.The total load is kept very close to 100%.The Premium allocation is 20%,where as the Assured allocation is 40%of the total link bandwidth.0200040006000800010000120001400016000180001234567L o s t P r e m i u m P K T S a t B o r d e rPremium Flow Bucket DepthFigure 7:Effect of Shaping :The number of lost Premium packets at the Border-Policer.The total load is kept very close to 100%.The Premium allocation is 20%,where as the Assured allocation is 40%of the total link bandwidth.1e-061e-050.00010.0010.010.1110100R I O P a c k e t L o s s P r o f i l ePremium Flow Bucket DepthBest EffortAssuredFigure 8:Effect of Shaping :The probability of Assured/Best-effort packet loss at the core routers.The total load is kept very close to 100%.The Premium allocation is 20%,where as the Assured allocation is 40%of the total link bandwidth.。