英语中的法律词汇学习注解
法律翻译常用词汇注释
AAb initioAb initio是拉丁文，其意思是“自开始之时”或“从头开始”，可以直接翻译为“自始”。
在法律英语中，ab initio的使用频率较高，比较常见。
如：ab initio mundi（有史以来），void ad initio （自始无效）等。
Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
法律翻译常用词汇注释
Ab initio是拉丁文，其意思是“自开始之时”或“从头开始”，可以直接翻译为“自始”。
在法律英语中，ab initio的使用频率较高，比较常见。
如：ab initio mundi（有史以来），void ad initio（自始无效）等。
详细Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire 的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
常用法律英语词汇注解
专心翻译 做到极致常用法律英语词汇注解Pardon赦免 指犯人透过赦免而被撤销判罪或判刑，而当犯人被赦免后，他不可以再次因同一案件再被定罪。
Partial intestacy 部份无遗嘱继承 指死者在遗嘱内，并未完全包括死者所有的遗产。
例如死者在遗嘱内只提及物业、现金(包括银行存款)的处理，实质死者还有股票及其它珠宝手饰并未在遗嘱提及，因此，这些未提及的遗产便需要根据无遗嘱继承法处理。
Personal service 专人送达 由送达人员亲身将法庭或律师楼文件交到收文件人手上。
在某些情况下，法庭或法例上可能会要求特别的送达方式，专人送达是其中一种，另外可能是用挂号邮件方式或由登广告的方法。
Personam对人 与rem 对物相对。
是拉丁语，指对人或与人有关的。
Petition请求 在法律上，一个Petition 可以是离婚的请求，亦可以是破产的请求，是以一个请求状的形式带出的。
Physical possession实体占有 Physical possession 有别于其它的possession ，因为若对象是在一个人的实体占有，即表示那人手上真正占有该对象。
不过，实体占有并不等于对象的拥有权。
例如买家向卖家订货，卖家已将对象特别与其它货物分割开，而买家已将所有金额支付，那么卖家虽然仍实体占有该对象，但他并非对象的拥有者。
Plaintiff原告 通常在诉讼过程中，向被告人发出告票的一方为原告，原告可以是个人或是法团，亦可以是政府。
Possessory title土地占有权 这个土地占有权，并没有任何契据所支持，主要因为占用人已将物业占有了一段长时间，而并没有人提出反对的话，占有人便可因此而将土地注册，成为土地的注册拥有人。
专心翻译 做到极致Power of Attorney委托书 以契约形成，将个人的某些权力，委派于他人身上。
最常见的是用于物业管理上，例如业主已移民外国，业主在港的物业，他委派一个可信的人替他管理，亦可以透过委托书要求受委托人替他将物业出租或出售。
法律翻译常用词汇注释
法律翻译常用词汇注释AAb initioAb initio是拉丁文，其意思是“自开始之时”或“从头开始”，可以直接翻译为“自始”。
在法律英语中，ab initio的使用频率较高，比较常见。
如：ab initio mundi（有史以来），void ad initio（自始无效）等。
详细Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire 的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
法律翻译常用词汇注释大全
法律翻译常用词汇注释大全Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便差不多无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
Accordaccord在一般英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire在一般英语中的含义是获得，猎取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被开释，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal 是名词。
Actact在一般英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常明白得为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
常用法律英语词汇注解
12398 2008-10-9 9:34:32Ab i nitio“The contract was void ab initioAccusedAccused Defendant RespondentAcquittal“The accused is acquitted AcquittalAdjourn30 “adjourned for 30 minutes “adjourned to a date to be fixedAffidavitAffidavit AffirmationAllegationThe Plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the Defendant's breach of contract AllegationAssaultAssault “Common Assault Aggravated Assault Indecent AssaultAs i s“As is “The property is and will be sold on an ”as is“basis …”BailBalance of ProbabilitiesBeyond reasonable doubt“benefit of doubtBinding“binding This provisional agreement is a binding contractBody CorporationLimited CompanyBurden of ProofCause of ActionCautionCertified CopyChamber“Chamber “hearing in chambersChargeCharge 1. Legal Charge 2. This case has more than one charge 3. The company charged its property for the loan 4.ClaimStatement of Claim Particulars of ClaimConcurrent SentenceConsecutive SentenceConsiderationContempt of CourtContributory NegligenceCopyrightCounterclaimCustodyCustody Custody of ChildrenDecree“decree nisi” “decree absolute decree nisiDeedDefamationDefenceDependantDisclaimerDisclaimerDiscovery of documentsDistraintDomicile[ ] [ ]Estoppel“StopEx P arte“Inter ParteFalse ImprisonmentFiduciary DutyForthwithThe outstanding sum should be settled forthwith.FrivolousFrivolousGarnisheeGuarantee(Guarantor) Deed of GuaranteeHearingHearsay evidenceImplied t ermInfringementUsing a registered trade mark without its owner's permission is a serious infringement of the owner's proprietary right.InjunctionInstrument(Instrument of Transfer)Inter alia" "Interim order(Interim Maintenance Order)Interlocutory14Intestacy<< >> (Administrator)Intra vivres( ultra vivres)Ipso factoIssueIssue 1. This writ was issued more than one year. 1 2. The issue of this action is the date of the contract. 3. None of his issues will be benefited from his estate.Joint tenancy(Tenancy in Common) " "LapseThis offer will be lapsed automatically after the time limit.LeaveLeave " " It is necessary to seek the Court's leave to file a document out of time.LienLimitation period6 12 3Liquidated damagesListingMaintenanceMeritsMesne profitsMisappropriationMitigation1.2.Natural childnatural child (legitimate) (illegitimate)NegligenceNext friendNon e st f actum?Non est factum non est factum it is not my deedNotice to quit( )Nullity of MarriageObiter dictumOfficial ReceiverOnus of proofBurden of ProofOpen Contract( )Order of dischargeOrdinary resolutionextraordinary resolution ( ) special resolution ( )OverrulingPardonPartial intestacy( )Personal servicePetitionPetitionPhysical possessionPhysical possession possessionPlaintiffPossessory titlePower of AttorneyPre-emptionPre-emptionPremiumPresumption of deathProhibition OrderQuantumQuantumQuestion of fact** ** **Question of LawQuilt enjoymentReckless driving(careless driving)ReconciliationRedemptionRefresher feerefresher feeRegistered officeReliefRemandRemoteremoteRequisitionRestraint of tradeRule o f l awSeal"Sign seal and deliver"Secondary evidenceSeverance payments24Sine d ie"adjourned sine die"SlanderSmugglingSpecific performanceStatement of affairsStatement of affairsSub-lettingSub-rogationTenant in common,Tomlin o rderTracingTraining centre14-21TrespassTrustUnascertained goodsUndertakingundertaking undertakingUndue influenceUnsecuredV acant possessionV erdictVicarious liabilityV oidV oir d ireV oluntary dispositionWard of courtWarranty, , .WillWounding17 19 30 40Writ of fieri faciasWrit of possessionYouth custody centreZealous w itness。
(完整版)法律专业英语词汇
完整版)法律专业英语词汇Part 1: 刑法词汇1.罪犯（criminal）：犯罪行为的实施者。
2.杀人（murder）：故意造成他人死亡的行为。
3.盗窃（theft）：非法占有他人财产的行为。
4.强奸（rape）：非法性侵他人的行为。
5.纵火（arson）：故意放火的行为。
6.敲诈（___）：以暴力或威胁手段获取财产的行为。
7.走私（smuggling）：非法将商品或物品携带入境或出境。
8.贩毒（drug trafficking）：非法交易毒品或在毒品交易中参与。
9.偷税漏税（___）：通过欺诈手段逃避缴纳税款。
10.洗钱（money laundering）：将非法获取的资金合法化。
Part 2: 民事法词汇1.合同（contract）：双方达成的书面或口头协议，产生法律效力。
2.索赔（claim）：要求对方支付损失或赔偿的权利。
3.诉讼（n）：通过法律程序解决争端。
4.侵权（infringement）：侵犯他人权益或利益的行为。
5.损害赔偿（n）：对因他人行为受到损害的一方支付的补偿款项。
6.法定继承人（legal heir）：根据法律规定，有权继承遗产的人。
7.执行（enforcement）：将法律判决或裁决强制执行的行为。
8.违约（breach of contract）：不履行或违反合同中规定的义务。
9.诉讼费用（n costs）：诉讼过程中产生的费用，如律师费、鉴定费等。
10.司法鉴定（judicial appraisal）：法院指定的专门机构对相关事实或证据进行鉴定。
Part 3: 行政法词汇1.行政机关（administrative organ）：政府管理机关，行使行政权力。
2.行政处罚（administrative penalty）：行政机关根据法律或法规对违法行为采取的处罚措施。
3.行政许可（administrative license）：行政机关根据法律或法规对特定行为发出的批准文件。
常用法律英语词汇注解（i）_法律英语词汇
♦implied term 默示条款合约中并没有明文订立的条款，但因为事实的需要，法例的规定或者有关行业的惯例，在合约中加诸的条款。
例如在雇佣合约中，虽然没有订明雇员必须尽忠职守，勤力工作，但其实这些条件，经已默示在合约当中，被视为有效的条款。
♦infringement 侵犯权利一般指侵犯了他人的民事权利，多用于知识产权的侵占行为。
例：using a registered trade mark without its owner’s permission is a serious infringement of the owner’s proprietary right. 盗用他人注册商标是一项严重的侵犯权利行为。
♦injunction 禁制令禁制令是法庭颁下禁止某项行为或不行为，受禁人必须遵从命令的指示，例如不可以接近某人等，或者清除所有非法僭建物等，不理会禁制令等于是藐视法庭，可以被判罚款甚至监禁。
♦instrument 文书，文件处理法律事务及作为证据的文件，例如股份转让时用的转让文书(instrument of transfer)。
♦inter alia 其它以外在法律文件书信中，经常会出现这个拉丁词，意思是在“当中列出这一项”，即是尚有其它事项。
interim order 暂时命令指在诉讼过程中暂时性的命令，例如在离婚呈请中法庭所颁下的暂时性赡养费令(interim maintenance order)，在案件审理后，法庭再判定永久性命令，以取代该暂时性命令。
interlocutory 中途的指令法庭在诉讼过程中发出的指令，例如指定双方在14天内交换文件清单，或者批准其中一方申请延期将文件送交法庭存盘等。
intestacy 无遗嘱逝世后没有留下遗嘱，死者的遗产便须要按照<<无遗嘱者遗产条例>>分配，但在进行遗产分配之前，在该条例中指明合资格的人，应先向高等法院的遗产承办处申请成为死者的遗产承办人(administrator)，然后负责分配死者的遗产。
常见法律英语词汇注解
常见法律英语词汇注解1、A mensa et thoro——法定分居A mensa et thoro is a Latin term meaning "from table and bed" which became used in English as "from bed and board."A kind of divorce which does not dissolve the marriage bond, but merely authorizes a separate life of the husband and wife. Neither spouse has the right to remarry where there is a divorce a mensa et thoro; only parties who have been awarded a divorce a vinculo matrimonii, the more common type of divorce, can do so.【注】即一种不解散婚姻关系的离婚。
处于此种状态的配偶均不得再婚。
2、A vinculo matrimonii——解除婚姻、离婚literally "from the bond of marriage." Such a divorce generally enables the parties to marry again.【注】意为“解除婚姻关系”。
3、Ab initio——自始无效[Latin, From the beginning; from the first act; from the inception.]。
An agreement is said to be “void ab initio（自始无效）”if it has at no time had any legal validity. The illegality of the conduct or the revelation of the real facts makes the entire situation illegal ab initio (from the beginning), not just from the time the wrongful behavior occurs.【注】形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
常用法律英语词汇注解1_法律英语词汇
♦ab initio 从开始
形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“the contract was void ab initio”。
♦accused 被告
accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为respondent（答辩人）。
♦acquittal 罪名不成立
刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“the accused is acquitted”。
acquittal是名词。
♦adjourn 休庭
押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。
如要将聆讯押后再排期重审，称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。
♦affidavit 誓章
以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为affidavit，而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为affirmation，两者的格式用词有些分别，但主要作用相同。
常用法律英语词汇注解
常用法律英语词汇注解随着全球化的深入，法律行业的国际化已成为趋势。
在全球化法律的环境下，法律英语已经成为全球律师和法律爱好者必不可少的知识，掌握常用的法律英语词汇及其意义对于法律职业人士来说尤为重要。
在本文中，我们将为大家解释一些常用的法律英语词汇，并提供简单的定义和案例。
1. 责任 (Liability)定义责任是指义务的存在，可以是道德上的，也可以是法律上的。
在法律上，责任通常被定义为遵守法律的义务，包括合法的行为和避免伤害他人。
实例如果一家公司的产品导致了消费者的伤害，该公司可能会被要求承担产品责任，支付医疗和其他赔偿费用。
2. 滥用权利 (Abuse of rights)定义滥用权利指行使自己的权利，超出了合理和公正的限度，对他人造成了伤害。
这种行为可能导致对行使权利的限制，甚至由此产生的一些不良后果可能需要进一步的法律制裁。
实例如果一个房主滥用其权利而非法驱逐房客，这可能对房客造成财务和/或情感上的伤害，并可以起诉房主为滥用权利。
3. 委托 (Agency)定义委托是指一方（委托人）授权另一方（代理人）以其名义进行特定的行动。
在法律上，代理人可能需要遵守特定的规定和限制，代理人的行为也可能对委托人产生法律后果。
实例如果公司雇用代理人与客户进行谈判，则该代理人行为的结果有可能与委托人公司的正当利益相关，因此代理人必须遵守公司的特定指令，而公司也必须对代理人进行监督以确保其品行。
4. 法律诉讼 (Litigation)定义法律诉讼是指通过法律程序解决争议，包括案件的提交、证据收集和在法庭上辩论。
在许多情况下，斗争可能会以妥协或调解方式解决，但有时候法律诉讼是必要的。
实例如果一家公司之间存在合同纠纷，当双方无法通过协商解决时，一家或双方可能会选择提起诉讼，由法院进行仲裁。
5. 损害赔偿 (Damages)定义损害赔偿是指在财产、身体、名誉或其他途径等方面造成的损害后的赔偿。
在法律上，受损人可能会要求负责人为其造成的损失和不便赔偿。
法律英语：法律翻译常用词汇注释（A-Z）
A Ab initio Ab initio是拉丁⽂，其意思是“⾃开始之时”或“从头开始”，可以直接翻译为“⾃始”。
在法律英语中，ab initio的使⽤频率较⾼，⽐较常见。
如：ab initio mundi（有史以来），void ad initio（⾃始⽆效）等。
Accord accord在普通英语中的含义是符合，⼀致，在法律英语中则表⽰和解或和解协议，指指债务⼈和⼀个债权⼈达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused 被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；⽽申索案件中的被索偿的⼀⽅称为Respondent（答辩⼈）。
Acquire acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，⽽且通常指通过后天的努⼒获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者⼀年内并购中国境内关联⾏业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal 罪名不成⽴。
刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成⽴被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”⼀⽂。
Act act在普通英语中的含义是⾏动，⾏为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
常用法律术语注解
常用法律术语注解[ 2006-11-21 09:21 ]法律术语draft 法案,草案government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的；依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw 宣布…不合法to abolish 废止,取消（法律；制度等）cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) annulment 判决无效immunity 豁免；豁免权attainder 被剥夺公民权及财产penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税estate duty 遗产税royalties 版税jury 陪审团plaintiff 原告defendant 被告plead guilty 承认有罪acquittal 被宣判无罪adjourn 休庭bail 保释custody 拘留nullity of marriage 判决婚姻无效verdict 裁决各种法律constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 普通法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labor law 劳动法fiscal law 财政法civil procedure law 民事诉讼法criminal procedure law 刑事诉讼法military law 军法conscript law 兵役法copyright law 著作权法contract law 合同法marriage law 婚姻法。
常用法律词语--附英文解释
下面的常用法律英语词语（按照字母顺序）来自于纽约市民事法庭官网，对于法律英语学习者很有帮助，阅读其原本的英文解释可以帮助我们很好的理解其含义。
Aaction: a civil judicial proceeding whereby one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or prevention of a wrong; requires service of process on adversary party or potentially adversary partyadjournment: a temporary postponement of the proceedings of a case until a specified future timeadjudicate: to hear or try and determine judiciallyadversary: an opponent. The defendant is the plaintiff's adversaryadult: a person over 18 years oldaffiant: one who swears to an affidavit; deponentaffidavit: a sworn or affirmed statement made in writing and signed; if sworn, it is notarized affirmed: upheld, agreed with (e.g.,The Appellate Court affirmed the judgment of the Civil Court) allegation: the assertion, declaration, or statement of a party to an action, made in a pleading, setting out what the party expects to proveallege: to assert a fact in a pleadingallocution: a formal address by a trial judge to the parties on the record to find out if they understand the terms of a stipulation of settlementamend: to changeanswer: a paper filed in court and sent to the plaintiff by the defendant, admitting or denying the statements in the plaintiff's complaint, and briefly stating why the plaintiff's claims are incorrect and why the defendant is not responsible for the plaintiff's injury or lossappeal: in an appeal, either plaintiff or defendant (or sometimes both) asks a higher reviewing court to consider a lower court judge's decision. One may only appeal a judge's ruling, not an arbitrator's ruling.appeal as of right: the ability to bring an appeal of an order or a judgment without seeking permission of the courtappear/ appearance: the participation in the proceedings by a party summoned in an action, either in person or through an attorneyappellant: the party who takes an appeal to a higher courtappellee: the party against whom an appeal is takenarbitration: a process in which an impartial attorney trained in arbitration or a retired judge decides a dispute instead of the court; if the parties consent to arbitration, the arbitrator's decision is final; otherwise, a dissatisfied party may request a trial before the court arbitrator: a disinterested person trained in arbitration who hears evidence concerning the dispute and makes an award based on the evidenceargument: a reason given in proof or rebuttalattachment: the taking of property into legal custody by an enforcement officerBbill of particulars: factual detail submitted by a claimant after a request by the adverse party which details, clarifies or explains further the charges and/or facts alleged in a pleadingbrief: a written or printed document prepared by the lawyers on each side of a dispute andsubmitted to the court in support of their arguments - a brief includes the points of law which the lawyer wished to establish, the arguments the lawyer uses, and the legal authorities on which the lawyer rests his/her conclusionsCcalendar: a schedule of matters to be heard in courtcalendar call: the calling of matters requiring parties, or their attorneys, to appear and be heard. There is usually one at the beginning of each court day. Other calendar calls take place throughout the day.caption: in a pleading, deposition or other paper connected with a case in court, it is the heading or introductory clause which shows the names of the parties, name of the court, number of the case on the docket or calendar, etc.cause of action: grounds on which a legal action may be brought (e.g., property damage, personal injury, goods sold and delivered, work labor and services)certified copy: a document which contains a seal that establishes the document as genuine, as a true copy, so that it may be used as evidence at a trial or a hearing. A document may be certified by an official record keeper, a clerk of the court, or any other authorized person, for example, an attorney.certified statement: a statement which has been sworn to before a Notary Public or Commissioner of Deeds as a true statementchange of venue: the removal of a suit begun in one county to another county for trial, though the term may also apply to the removal of a suit from one court to another court of the same countycharge to jury: an address delivered by the court to the jury at the close of the trial instructing the jury as to what principles of law they are to apply in reaching a decisionchattel: article of personal propertycivil contempt: a failure to comply with a court order. Civil contempt is committed when a person violates an order of the court which specifically requires that the person do or refrain from doing an act. Punishment for civil contempt may be a fine or imprisonment, and the goal of the punishment is to have the person comply with the original order of the court.Clerk’s Return On Appeal: a form filled out by the Civil Court Appeals Clerk certifying that the record on appeal is complete and ready to be transmitted to the Appellate Termcomplaint: a paper filed in court and delivered to the party(ies) being sued, stating the plaintiff's claims against the defendantcosts: the statutory sum awarded to the successful party when a judgment is entered (Section 1901 all Court Acts)counterclaim: a legal claim by the defendant against the plaintiffcourt record: a documentary account of what happened in the action or proceeding, which includes the court file, exhibits and transcriptscourt reporter: a person who transcribes by shorthand or stenographically takes down testimony during court proceedingsCPLR: the abbreviation for the Civil Practice Law and Rules, which is the New York state statute that sets forth the rules of civil procedure governing how a lawsuit is conducted in the courts of this statecross-appeal: an appeal by one who has received a notice of appeal from their opposing party crossclaim: claim litigated by co-defendants or co-plaintiffs against each other and not against a party on the opposite side of the litigationcross-examination: questioning by a party or his attorney of an adverse party or a witness called by an adverse partyDdecision: the determination reached by a court in any judicial proceeding, which is the basis of the judgmentdefault: a "default" occurs when a party fails to plead or otherwise defend within the time allowed, or fails to appear at a court appearancedefault judgment: a judgment against a defendant as a result of his/her failure to appear or submit papers at an appointed time during a legal proceedingdefendant: the one being sued. This party is called the "respondent" in a summary proceeding defenses, legal or equitable: a stated reason why the plaintiff has no valid case against the defendantdeliberation: the process by which a panel of jurors comes to a decision on a verdictde novo: from the beginning, a new trialdeposition: sworn testimony of a witness.direct examination: the first interrogation of a witness by the party on whose behalf the witness is calleddirected verdict: an instruction by the judge to the jury to return a specific verdict disbursements: out of pocket expenses awarded to the winner in a judgmentdiscovery: the efforts of a party to a lawsuit to get information about the other party's contentions before trial. The range of information which each party must exchange in discovery is broad, because all parties should go to trial with as much information and knowledge about the lawsuit as possible. During discovery a party may: (1) demand that the other party produce documents or other physical evidence, (2) request written interrogatories, which are questions and answers written under oath, and (3) take depositions, which involve an in-person session at which one party has the opportunity to ask oral questions of the other party or his or her witnesses.dismissal: termination of a proceeding for a procedurally prescribed reasondismissal with prejudice: action dismissed on the merits which prevents renewal of the same claim or cause of actiondismissal without prejudice: action dismissed, not on the merits, which may be re-instituted disposition: the result of a judicial proceeding by withdrawal, settlement, order, judgment or sentenceEentry of judgment: in order to start e nforcing a judgment, the judgment must be “entered.” Entry occurs after the clerk of the court signs and files the judgment.eviction proceeding: any proceeding which could result in the eviction of a respondent, such as a holdover or nonpayment proceedingevidence: a form of proof or probative matter legally presented at the trial of an issue by the actsof the parties and through witnesses, records, documents, concrete objects, etc., for the purpose of inducing belief in the minds of the court or the juryexamination before trial: a formal interrogation of parties and witnesses before trial execution: (1) the performance of all acts necessary to render a written instrument complete, such as signing, sealing, acknowledging, and delivering the instruments (2) supplementary proceedings to enforce a judgment, which, if monetary, involves a direction to the sheriff to take the necessary steps to collect the judgmentexhibit: a paper, document or other article produced and exhibited to a court during a trial or hearing and, on being accepted, is marked for identification or admitted in evidenceex parte: a proceeding, order, motion, application, request, submission etc., made by or granted for the benefit of one party only; done for, in behalf of, or on application of one party onlyFGgarnish/ garnishment: to attach (seize) a portion of the wages or other property of a debtor to repay the debt. The garnishing party notifies a third party, such as a bank or an employer, to retain something it has belonging to the defendant-debtor, to make disclosure to the court concerning it, and to dispose of it as the court shall direct.guardian ad litem: a person appointed by the court to represent a minor or an adult, not able to handle his or her own affairs, during a legal proceeding. The person appointed does not need to be a lawyer. The guardian ad litem is the guardian just for the purpose of the particular lawsuit. The person acting as the guardian ad litem has the responsibility to pursue the lawsuit and to account for any money recovery.HIincome execution: the legal process of enforcing a judgment. To enforce the judgment, the judgment creditor may seek an order from the court to have the appropriate authority seize property of the judgment debtor in order to satisfy the judgment. In the case of an income execution, or a "garnishment," the court might order a portion of the judgment debtor's wages or other property held in an amount to satisfy the judgment. This might be done over time in increments.index number: a number issued by the county clerk, which is used to identify a case - in civil court there is a charge of $45.00infant's compromise: a civil proceeding or motion for obtaining court approval of the settlement of an infant's claiminformation subpoena: a legal document that requires a person, a corporation, some other business, or the judgment debtor him or herself to answer certain questions about where the judgment debtor’s assets can be foundinquest: a non-jury trial for the purpose of determining the amount of damages due on a claim, if a party has not appeared or defended against the claim, and after the merits of the claim have been proveninterpreter: a person sworn at a judicial proceeding to translate oral or written language interrogatories: written questions propounded by one party and served on an adversary, who must provide written answers thereto under oathJjudgment: the final decision of the judge. It is a determination of the rights and obligations of the parties. In a given lawsuit, a judgment may direct a dismissal of the lawsuit, order payment of a money amount or a direct one or more of the parties to do an act.judicial hearing officer (JHO): a person who formerly served as a judge or justice of a court of record of the Unified Court Systemjurisdiction: the court's authority to hear and decide a case. It is based upon the geographical, subject matter and monetary limitations of a court. To hear and decide a case a court must have both "personal jurisdiction" and "subject matter" jurisdiction. Personal jurisdiction refers to the court's power over the parties involved in the lawsuit. Subject matter jurisdiction refers to the court's power over the type or category of the lawsuit.jury demand: a request for a trial by jury by either party. There are specific procedures for making a jury demand, which include filing a written demand with the clerk and paying a fee. The procedural rules place time restrictions on when a jury demand must be made.jury instructions: directions given by the judge to the juryKLlegal advice: involves applying or interpreting the law to your individual problems and recommending the best way for you to handle your case. Only an attorney, who is not a court employee, can provide legal advice. Court staff can’t offer legal advice to anyone. The court's role is to be neutral, without favor to any party. Court employees may only provide legal and procedural information. Legal and procedural information involves providing general information and does not include telling you how to best deal with your legal issues.lessee: a person who has signed a lease to rent real propertylevy: a seizure; the obtaining of money by legal process through seizure and sale of property liability:an obligation to do, to eventually do, or to refrain from doing something; money owed; or according to law one's responsibility for his/her conduct; or one's responsibility for causing an injurylien: a claim on specific property for payment of a debtlitigant: party to a legal actionMmarshal: an officer of the United States, whose duty it is to execute the process of the courts of the United States. His duties are very similar to those of a sheriff.marshal’s notice: a notice from a Marshal informing the recipient that they will be evicted after a certain time periodmediation: a free, voluntary and confidential service that helps people who have a dispute to reach their own settlement. Instead of asking a judge to make a decision in court, the people meet with a trained mediator who helps them make their own decision on how to settle the dispute. If a settlement is reached, it is then put in writing and signed. This written settlement then becomes a legal contract. If the people in the dispute are not able to reach an agreementthat is acceptable to everyone involved, they are then free to ask a judge to hear there case and make a decision in court.minor: a child under 18 years oldminutes: notes of what happened in the courtroommistrial: a trial which has been terminated and declared void prior to the reaching of verdict due to extraordinary circumstance, serious prejudicial misconduct or hung jury - it does not result in a judgment for any party but merely indicates a failure of trialmitigation: to make less severemotion: a request to the court, usually in writing, for relief before the trial on the parties' claims, or for different or additional relief after the trial decisionmotion to reargue or renew: an application which seeks to persuade a judge that the decision/order rendered is incorrect, because the judge has misapprehended the facts or the applicable law, or because new evidence has become available which would change the prior decision and there is a good reason why the evidence was not presented earliermoving party: the party who is making an application to the court for reliefNnonpayment proceeding: a court case started by the landlord to collect unpaid rent and to evict the tenant if the tenant cannot pay the rent that is owednotarize: to have a notary public attest to the authenticity of a signature on a document by signing the document and affixing his/her own stampnotary public: a person authorized by the State of New York to administer oaths, certify documents and attest to the authenticity of signaturesnotice of appeal: a notice to the opposing party that an appeal of the court proceedings will be taken. The notice must be served and filed within 30 days of service of the order or judgment appealed from with written notice of entry.notice of claim: a paper required to be sent to the city or a public authority when a person claims a city agency, official, or employee of a public authority caused the person damage. The notice of claim informs the city or public authority of the nature of the claim within a short time after it occurs. A notice of claim must be timely sent to the city or public authority prior to filing a lawsuit.notice of entry: a notice with an affidavit of service stating that the attached copy of an entered order or judgment has been served by a party on another partynotice of motion: a notice informing the court and your opposition when and where your motion will be heard, which lists the relief requested, the grounds for that relief, and provides a list of the supporting papers upon which the motion is basednotice of petition: a petitioner's written notice delivered to the respondents of when the court will hear the attached petitionnunc pro tunc: (now for then) presently considered as if occurring at an earlier date; effective retroactivelyOobjection: a formal protest made by a party over testimony or evidence that the other side tries to introduceorder: an oral or written command or a direction from a judgeorder to show cause: a written direction by the court, usually prepared and presented to the court by a party, that the court is shortening the required advance notice of a motion to the other parties. Sometimes the order to show cause contains a direction to the parties that they stop some specific activity until the court hears the motion.Pparty: person having a direct interest in a legal matter, transaction or proceedingperemptory challenge: the challenge which may be used to reject a certain number of prospective jurors without assigning any reasonperfect appeal: to take all legal steps necessary to complete the process of appealing an order or judgment. These steps may include ordering and securing a transcript, drawing up a record, writing, serving, and filing a brief, getting the case onto the appellate court’s calendar for argument, and finally, arguing and submitting the case.Personal Appearance Part: a Part in the Civil Court where cases are heard if one or both sides are self-represented litigants. The Judges presiding in this Part oversee all conferences, discovery and in some boroughs all motion practice and even the trial.petition: in special or summary proceedings, a paper like a complaint filed in court and delivered to the respondents, stating what the petitioner requests from the court and the respondents petitioner: in a special or summary proceeding, one who commences a formal written application, requesting some action or relief, addressed to a court for determination. Also known as a plaintiff in a civil action.plaintiff: the one suing. This party is called the "petitioner" in a summary proceeding pleadings: complaint or petition, answer, and replypoor person's relief: when a party to a lawsuit cannot afford the costs of a lawsuit, the Court may permit that party to proceed without being required to pay for court costspossession: the right to occupy a premisesproceeding: a type of lawsuit. In Housing Court a nonpayment proceeding seeks past-due rent; a holdover proceeding seeks possession of the premises.pro se: a party who does not retain a lawyer and appears for him/herself in courtproof of service: an affidavit filled out by the person who served legal papers on behalf of a party, or by a party if so permitted by the CourtQRrecord: a permanent written account of some act, court proceeding or transaction that is drawn up by a proper officer and designated to remain as permanent evidence of what has been done in a lawsuitreferee: a person to whom the court refers a pending case to take testimony, hear the parties, and report back to the court. A referee is an officer with judicial powers who serves as an arm of the court.relevant: logically connected and tending to prove or disprove a matter at issuereplevin: an action brought for the owner of items to recover possession of those items when those items were wrongfully taken or are being wrongfully keptreply: a plaintiff's response to a defendant's answer when the answer contains a counterclaim requisition: a request to obtain something, such as court records, subpoenaed documents or copies of trial tapesrespondent: one who formally answers the allegations stated in a petition which has been filed with the court. Also known as a defendant in a civil action.restore/ reinstate to calendar: to reinstate the action to active inventorySseizure: the process by which a person authorized under the law to do so takes into custody the property, real property or personal property, of a person against whom a judgment has been issued or might be issued. The seized property may be held to guarantee a judgment or be sold to satisfy a judgment.self-represented litigant: a party who does not retain a lawyer and appears for him/herself in court. Also known as a Pro Se litigant.service of process: the delivery of copies of legal documents to the defendant or other person to whom the documents are directed. Legal documents which must be served include a summons, complaint, petition, order to show cause, subpoena, notice to quit the premises and certain other documents. The procedure for service of process is specifically set out in statutes.settle the minutes: the process by which the transcript of the proceeding is finalizedsheriff: the executive officer of local court in some areas. In other jurisdictions the sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer of a county.standing: the right to make a legal claim, or to seek judicial enforcement of a duty or a right statement in lieu of record on appeal: a statement prepared by parties to an appeal indicating the question for appellate review, and providing a limited record necessary only to decide the questionstay: the postponement or halting of a proceeding, action, or the enforcement of an order or judgmentstipulation of settlement: a formal agreement between litigants and/or their attorneys resolving their disputesubpoena: a court document used to compel a witness to testify at the hearing or to produce recordssum certain: liquidated damages pursuant to contract, promissory note, law, etc.summary judgment: a determination in an action on the grounds that there is no genuine issue of factsummons: a plaintiff's written notice, in a specific form, delivered to the parties being sued, that they must answer the plaintiff's attached complaint within a specific timeTtestimony: an oral declaration made by a witness or party under oathtranscript: the written, word-for-word record of all legal proceedings, including testimony at trial, hearings or depositions. A copy of the transcript may be ordered from the court reporter and a fee must be paid for the transcript.trial: the formal examination of a legal controversy in court so as to determine the issuetrial de novo: a new trial (see: 22NYCRR 28.12)turnover proceeding: a hearing after a judgment has been issued, in which a creditor seeks to establish through evidence that the debtor (or a third party who is in possession of the debtor's property) is in possession of money or property that would satisfy, or partially satisfy, thejudgmentUunbundled legal services: a practice in which the lawyer and client agree that the lawyer will provide some, but not all, of the work involved in traditional full service representation. Simply put, the lawyers perform only the agreed upon tasks, rather than the whole “bundle,” and the clients perform the remaining tasks on their own.undertaking: deposit of a sum of money or filing of a bond in courtuse and occupancy: Payment by an occupant to the landlord for the right to use and occupy a premises. The occupant is not a tenant, or once may have been a tenant, but the landlord/tenant relationship has since been terminated.Vvacate: to cancel or invalidatevenue: the place within the court's jurisdiction where a lawsuit will be decided. For example, venue in a Civil Court action may be placed in Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island, Bronx or Brooklyn.verdict: the determination of a jury on the factsverification: confirmation of the correctness, truth or authenticity of pleading, account or other paper by an affidavit or oathvoir dire: a questioning of prospective jurors by the attorneys, and, on application of any party, by the judge, to see if any of them should be disqualified or removed by challenge or examinationWwaste: permanent harm to real propertywitness: one who testifies to what he/she has seen, heard, or otherwise observedX, Y, ZFrom：New York City Civil Court (纽约市民事法庭）。
法律翻译常用词汇注释大全
AAb initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, theMinister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commissionto act or forbear from。
常用法律英语词汇注解
常用法律英语词汇注解
1. Agreement：协议，合同，是指双方或者多方认可的一项书面契约，具有法律效力，通常涉及到经济、商务等领域。
2. Clause：条款，协议或者合同的构成部分，每个条款都有其独立
的约束力。
3. Covenant：盟约，契约，是指有权威参与者之间达成的关于遵守
该文件规定的书面契约。
4. Disclosure：披露，是指当事人告知关于双方权利义务的相关信息。
5. Indemnity：赔偿，该条款规定，当被起诉或者拒绝执行合同时，
一方担负赔偿的义务。
6. Liability：责任，是指其中一行为可能导致其中一实体承担法律
责任的原因。
7. Negotiations：谈判，协商，是指双方或者多方通过对话、讨论
与交涉，以达成一致意见与行动的过程。
8. Obligation：义务，是指一些行为是必须要执行的，一旦发生的
行为就会导致法律形式的义务。
9. Precedent：先例，指一类案件的案例判决，可以供未来例似案件
参考之用。
10. Warrant：授权，是指特定的一实体具有代表另一实体或者特定
事务的权利。
法律英语词汇解释
法律英语词语用法区别英语中原本没有所谓法律英语，但由于有关法律方面的英语有其特殊的用法和规律，慢慢地就像科技英语、商业英语等一样，自成一门学科。
法律英语不同于“法言法语”(legal terms)，而是跨越英语与法律之间的边缘学科，所以有人将法律英语译为English for the prdession。
许多地区，比如上海等地，还为此成立专门的培训机构。
由于英汉语言习惯的不同，加上长期以来约定俗成的用法的影响，法律英语中常常出现一些容易混淆或错用的词语，在中英互译中常会发生一些有趣的语言现象。
本文就是想以比较轻松的漫谈方式，与读者作一些共同探讨，以引起广大读者对法律英语的兴趣。
China, China's 和Chinese作定语时大有区别这三个词都可以作定语用，译成“中国的”，但其含义却有很大区别。
如China law firms是指“在中国的律师事务所”，未必是中国人开的，它应包括获准在中国设立的“外国律师事务所”(foreign law firms)。
若指中国律师开的律师事务所，应用Chinese law firms。
在法律文书中，这很有讲究。
在WTO法律文件中，如“中国经济的特性”(the special characteristic of China's economy)；“中国的关税配额制度”(China's TRO system)；“中国的具体承诺减让表”((China's Schedule of Specific Commitments)；“中国专利法”(China's Patent Law)等用语中，几乎都用China's而不用Chinese。
但着重“中国人的”意义时，应该用Chinese。
如“中方”(Chinese side)；“中国人”(Chinese nationals)；“中国政府”(Chinese government)；“中国执业律师”(Chinese national regis-tered lawyers)。
法律英语常用词汇注解(doc 40页)
法律英语常用词汇注解(doc 40页)常用法律英语词汇注解Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
AdjournAs is现状“As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中，指物业的现状。
“The property is and will be sold on an “as is”basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。
Bail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告，可以暂时被释放。
保释可以是有条件的，也可以是无条件的。
保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等。
Balance of Probabilities可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准，法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据，认为那一方的可信性较高，便会判处该方胜诉。
相对刑事案而言，民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益，所以法庭对举证的要求，相对也较刑事案为低。
Beyond reasonable doubt无合理疑点这是刑事案件中举证的标准，控方向法庭提出的证据，必须是在合理的情况下并无疑点，法庭才会判处被告有罪。
刑事罪的后果对被告而言，较为严重，举证标准的要求也因此而较民事案严格，如果法庭认为证据有任何疑点，都会将疑点的利益“benefit of doubt”归于被告。
Binding有约束力的“binding”通常的解释是连结一起，但法律上则多用作有约束力的，例如：This provisional agreement is a binding contract。
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1、category "A" prisonersA类囚犯=prisoners who are dangerous, and would be a danger to the public if they escaped from prison. 越狱后将对公众造成危险的重罪犯2、abandonment放弃（自愿放弃某项权利，如财产权）= act of giving something up voluntarily (such as the right to a property)abandonment of a claim = giving up a claim in a civil action.放弃索赔（在民事诉讼中放弃一种要求权）abandon做动词是“遗弃”的意思：e.g. Abandoning a child under two years old is a notifiable offence. 遗弃两岁以下儿童是一种严重的犯罪行为。
3、abeyance 中止，暂缓e.g. This law is in abeyance. 此法暂缓执行。
= This law is not being enforced at the present time.4、ABH= actual bodily harm 实际人身伤害5、abode= residence, the place where someone lives 居住地，住所right of abode = right to live in a country. 居住权（在一个国家的居住权）6、abolish= to cancel or to remove (a law or a rule) 废除、撤回（废止或废除法律或规定）e.g. The Chancellor of the Exchequer refused to ask parliament to abolish the tax on alcohol. 财政大臣拒绝让议会废除对烈性酒的征税。
7、abscond= to go away without permission or not to return to the court after being released on bail or to escape from prison.潜逃、失踪（擅自逃走或保释后不回到法庭或越狱逃走）e.g. He was charged with absconding from lawful custody. 他被指控从合法监护人那里逃走。
8、absolute= complete or total 无条件的，绝对的absolute discharge = letting a convicted person go free without any punishment. 无条件释放absolute title = land registered with the Land Registry, where the owner has a guaranteed title to the land (absolute title also exists to leasehold land, giving the proprietor a guaranteed valid lease) 绝对的不动产所有权（指在土地登记处登记的土地，其所有人对土地享有被担保的所有权。
租借土地也享有绝对所有权，它给予物主一个有担保的有效租借权。
）9、abstain= to refrain from doing something(especially voting) 弃权，克制做某事（尤其指不投票）e.g. Sixty MPS abstained in the vote on capital punishment. 在表决死刑时，60位下议院议员弃权。
10、abuse= using something wrongly 滥用（错误的使用）abuse of power = using legal powers in an illegal or harmful way. 滥用权力（用非法或有害的方法使用合法的权力）abuse of process = suing someone in bad faith or without proper justification or formalicious reasons. 滥用诉讼程序（恶意地，在没有合适司法程序情况下或带恶意地起诉某人）1. accommodationa. = money lent for a short time 通融贷款，短期贷款b. = something done to help someone 通融（做某事帮助某人）e.g. to reach an accommodation with creditors = to agree terms for settlement 与债权人取得和解（同意了解债务的条件）accommodation address = address used for receiving messages but which is not the real address of the company 权宜通信地址（不是公司的真实地址，只用它来得到音信）accommodation bill = bill of exchange where the drawee signing is helping another company (the drawer ) to raise a loan; it is given on the basis of trade debts owed to the borrower 通融汇票（受票人签字是帮助另一个公司即出票人筹措贷款，这种汇票的给予是以欠借款人的贸易债务为依据的）accommodation maker = person who signs a promissory note for no fee, but who expects to lend the creditor money. 通融期票出票人（为向债权人进行贷款而免费在期票上签字的人）2. accrediteda. = (agent) who is appointed by a company to act on its behalf (代表，代理人)被委任的（被一个公司任命，代表它做事）b. = (ambassador) who is appointed by a country to represent it in another country.(使节)被任命的（被一个国家任命在另一个国家担任其代表）e.g. He is accredited to the United Nations.他被任命为联合国大使。
3. accuse...of...= to say that someone has committed a crime or to charge someone with a crime. 指控、告发某人犯罪She was accused of stealing 25 pounds from her boss. 她被告发从老板那儿偷了25镑钱。
He was accused of murder. 他被控有谋杀罪。
accused = person or persons charged with a crime 刑事被告All the accused pleaded not guilty. 所有刑事被告表示不服罪。
The police brought the accused jnto the court. 警察将被告带进法庭。
4. aquit= to set a person free because he has been found not guilty. 无罪释放He was acquitted of the crime. 他被宣判无罪。
The court acquitted two of the accused. 法庭释放了两名被告。
5. act= statute which has been approved by a law-making body. 行为，公约，法律，条例，法令，成文法Act of Parliament = decision which has been approved by Parliament and so becomes law 国会法令（经议会批准并已成为法律的决定）Finance Act = annual Act of the British Parliament which gives the government power to raise taxes as proposed in the budget. 金融法，财政法（英国议会法案，该法案授予英国政府按预算中的建议征税的权力）1、actionable可起诉的，可提起诉讼的torts (民事侵权行为) which are in themselves sufficient grounds for bringing an action without the need to prove that damage has been suffered.侵权本身足以构成起诉某人的根据，无须证明遭受了损失。
2、adduce引证，提出，引述to adduce evidence = to bring evidence before a court.出庭提供证据3、adeem撤消，收回，废止to remove a legacy from a will because the item mentioned no longer exists.从遗嘱中取消遗产，因为所提及的物品不复存在，例如遗嘱人在死前已将它卖给别人。
4、ad hocLatin phrase meaning "for his particular purpose", 专门的，特别的，为某一特别目的，an ad hoc committee = a committee set up to study a particular problem. 专门委员会（为研究某一专门问题成立起来的委员会）5、adjective law = law which refers to legal practices and procedures 程序法（关于法律诉讼手续和程序的法律）6、adjourn= to stop a meeting for a period; to put off a legal hearing to a late date休会（使会议停止一段时间）；将审讯延迟The chairman adjourned the tribunal until three o’clock.主席将审讯一直推迟到3点钟。