调研报告和外文翻译格式
相关材料:文献综述、外文翻译、调查报告、PPT等格式要求
管理系本科生毕业设计(论文)相关材料专业届别学号姓名指导教师目录1.毕业设计(论文)文献综述2.毕业设计(论文)英文文献翻译3.毕业设计(论文)调查报告4.PPT文档1、叙述撰写该论文的目的和现实意义。
2、进展等。
3、叙述所做课题的主要观点、研究方法(技术路线)、创新之处以及对该课题的趋势预测。
4、列出作者所查阅的国内外参考文献(10篇以上),且所列文献必须是综述作者阅读过的材料,不允许将所读文献中引用的而自己并未阅读的文献列入。
5、字数要求在3000字以上。
文献综述专业届别学号姓名指导教师文献综述一、国外文献综述国外对于公共服务的研究主要体现在新公共管理运动和新公共服务理论之中,是建立在新公共管理政府改革的实践基础之上的。
这些研究对于政府公共服务的改革和发展做出了富有才智的理论概括,为世界各国提供了理论上和实践上的示范效应。
在西方新公共管理运动中,先后涌现了一批富有成果的著名学者。
例如,英国人克里斯托弗。
波利特和比利时人海尔特。
鲍克尔特的《公共管理改革—比较分析))、澳大利亚欧文。
E。
休斯的《公共管理导论》、新西兰穆雷。
霍恩的《公共管理的政治经济学—公共部门的制度选择》、著名的企业家政府理论的倡导者美国人戴维。
奥斯本和特德。
盖布勒的《改革政府—企业家精神如何改革着公共部门》以及美国人埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆的《公共事务的治理之道》和《公共服务的制度建构》等经典著作。
此外,还有大量发表在美国政治科学研究、公共行政评论等国际知名学术杂志上的不朽之作。
作为具有代表性的人物,他们普遍认同的新公共管理的核心内容包括:一是优化政府经济管理职能,放松市场规制,推行国有企业私有化,强化政府公共服务职责;二是公共服务的市场化运作,公共服务供给领域引入市场竟争机制;三是改革政府内部管理机制,放松行政规制,改革公务员制度,进行分权化改革,实行权力的非集中化和权力下放;四是在政府部门引入顾客导向、绩效评估等私营部门的管理理念与技术。
外文翻译格式
本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译译文
学生姓名:
院(系):
专业班级:
指导教师:
完成日期:20 年月日
要求
1、外文翻译是毕业设计(论文)的主要内容之一,必须学生独立完成。
2、外文翻译译文内容应与学生的专业或毕业设计(论文)内容相关,不得少于15000印刷符号。
3.外文翻译译文用A4纸打印。
文章标题用3号宋体,章节标题用4号宋体,正文用小4号宋体,20磅行距;页边距上、下、左、右均为2.5cm,左侧装订,装订线0.5cm。
按中文翻译在上,外文原文在下的顺序装订。
4、年月日等的填写,用阿拉伯数字书写,要符合《关于出版物上数字用法的试行规定》,如“2005年2月26日”。
5、所有签名必须手写,不得打印。
文献名称(中文)
文献名称(外文)
作者: ***
起止页码:
出版日期(期刊号):
出版单位:(以上文字用小4号宋体,数字、字母用Times New Roman体)外文翻译译文:(小4号宋体)。
外文翻译规范要求及模版格式
外文翻译规范要求及模版格式
外文中文翻译规范要求及模板格式可以根据具体需求和要求有所不同,以下是一般常见的外文中文翻译规范要求及模板格式:
1.规范要求:
-符合语法、语言规范和语义准确性;
-译文流畅自然,符合中文表达习惯;
-忠实准确地传达原文信息;
-注意统一使用特定的术语翻译;
-文章结构、段落、标题等要与原文一致;
-保持适当的篇幅,不过度增加或删减内容;
-遵守保密原则。
2.模板格式:
-文章标题(与原文保持一致,可放在正文上方);
-标题(与原文保持一致);
-段落(与原文保持一致,首行缩进);
-字体(常用宋体或黑体,一般字号12或14);
-行间距(一般1.5倍,可根据需要调整);
-页边距(上下左右均为2.5厘米);
-段落间距(一般1.5倍,可根据需要调整);
以上是一般常见的外文中文翻译规范要求及模板格式,具体要求和格式可以根据具体的翻译项目和要求进行调整。
在翻译过程中,保持准确、流畅、专业是非常重要的。
外文翻译与文献综述模板格式以及要求说明
外文翻译与文献综述模板格式以及要求说明
外文中文翻译格式:
标题:将外文标题翻译成中文,可以在括号内标明外文标题
摘要:将外文摘要翻译成中文,包括问题陈述、研究目的、方法、结果和结论等内容。
关键词:将外文关键词翻译成中文。
引言:对外文论文引言进行翻译,概述问题的背景、重要性和研究现状。
方法:对外文论文方法部分进行翻译,包括研究设计、数据采集和分析方法等。
结果:对外文论文结果部分进行翻译,介绍研究结果和统计分析等内容。
讨论:对外文论文讨论部分进行翻译,对研究结果进行解释和评价。
结论:对外文论文结论部分进行翻译,总结研究的主要发现和意义。
附录:如果外文论文有附录部分,需要进行翻译并按照指定的格式进行排列。
文献综述模板格式:
标题:文献综述标题
引言:对文献综述的背景、目的和方法进行说明。
综述内容:按照时间、主题或方法等进行分类,对相关文献进行综述,可以分段进行描述。
讨论:对综述内容进行解释和评价,概括主要研究成果和趋势。
结论:总结文献综述,概括主要发现和意义。
要求说明:
1.外文中文翻译要准确无误,语句通顺流畅,做到质量高、符合学术
规范。
2.文献综述要选择与所研究领域相关的文献进行综述,覆盖面要广,
内容要全面、准确并有独立思考。
4.文献综述要注重整体结构和逻辑连贯性,内容要有层次感,段落间
要过渡自然。
5.外文中文翻译和文献综述要进行查重,确保原文与译文的一致性,
并避免抄袭和剽窃行为。
外文翻译格式参考报告
毕业设计外文资料翻译学院:电子工程学院专业班级:自动化071学生姓名:陈新鹏学号:030713103指导教师:马娟丽外文出处:Multi-focus Image Fusion AlgorithmsResearch Based on Curvelet Transform 附件:1.外文资料翻译译文; 2.外文原文指导教师评语:签名:年月日基于曲波变换的多聚焦图像融合算法研究摘要:由于光学透镜聚焦深度的限制,往往很难得到一个包含所有相关聚焦目标的图像。
多聚焦图像融合算法可以有效地解决这个问题。
基于广泛应用的多聚焦图像融合算法的分析,本文提出一种基于多聚焦图像融合算法的曲波变换。
根据曲波变换分解的不同频率区,分别讨论低频系数和高频系数的选择规律。
本文中低频系数和高频系数被分别与NGMS(就近梯度最大选择性)和LREMS(局部区域能量最大的选择性)融合。
结果表明,提出的多聚焦图像融合算法可以获得和图像聚焦融合算法相同的图像,在客观评价和主观评估方面较其他算法有明显的优势。
关键字:曲波变换;多聚焦图像;融合算法1.简介如今,图像融合被广泛应用于军事、遥感、医学和计算机图像等领域。
图像融合的主要目的将来自两个或更多相同场景的信息相结合以获得一个包含完整信息的图像。
比如,廉价相机的主要问题是我们不能获得不同距离的每个目标以获得一个聚焦所有目标的图像。
因此,我们需要一种多聚焦图像融合方法来聚焦和获得更清晰的图像。
经典融合算法包括计算源图像平均像素的灰度值,拉普拉斯金字塔,对比度金字塔,比率金字塔和离散小波变换(DWT)。
然而,计算源图像平均像素灰度值的方法导致一些不期望的影响例如对照物减少。
小波变换的基本原理是对每个源图像进行分解,然后将所有这些分解单元组合获取合成表示,从中可以通过寻找反变换恢复融合图像。
这种方法显然是有效的。
但是,小波变化只能通过变换边缘特征反映出来,却不能表达边缘的特点。
同时,也因为它采用各向同性所以小波变化无法显示边缘方向。
外文翻译格式说明
山东理工大学毕业设计(外文翻译材料)学院:专业:学生姓名:指导教师:电气与电子工程学院自动化于小涵季画外文翻译材料格式要求:1.页边距:上3.8磅;下3.8磅;左3.2,右3.2;页眉距边界2.8,页脚距边界32.原文题目:Arial,小三;间距:段前18磅,段后12磅,间距21磅3.原文正文:Times New Roman,小四;间距:段前0磅,段后6磅,间距21磅4.译文题目:黑体,小三;间距:同原文题目5.译文正文:宋体,小四;间距同原文正文6.页眉页脚:原文页眉处写:外文翻译(原文),宋体,五号。
译文页眉处写:外文翻译(译文),宋体,五号。
原文译文的页脚统一编页码(不要单独编页码)。
Plant Model Generation for PLC SimulationHyeong-Tae ParkAbstract:This paper reports an automated procedure for constructing a plant model for PLC simulation. Since PLC programs contain only the control logic without information on the plant model, it is necessary to build the corresponding plant model to perform the simulation. Conventionally, a plant model for PLC simulation has been constructed manually, which requires much effort and indepth knowledge of the simulation. As a remedy for this problem, we propose an automated procedure for generating a plant model from the symbol table of a PLC program. To do so, we propose a naming rule for PLC symbols so that the symbol names include sufficient information on the plant model. By analysing such symbol names, we extract a plant model automatically. The proposed methodology has been implemented and test runs performed.Keywords: agile manufacturing; CAD/CAM; CAPP; simulation1. IntroductionTo survive and prosper in the modern manufacturing era, manufacturers need to continuously improve their products, as well as their production systems. A modern manufacturing line is a highly integrated system composed of automated workstations, such as robots with tool-changing capabilities, a hardware handling system and storage system, and a computer control system that controls the operations of the- 1 -entire system.Since the implementation of a manufacturing line requires heavy investment, proper verification of a line’s operational status sho uld be performed to ensure that the highly automated manufacturing system will successfully achieve the intended benefits. Simulation technology is considered to be an essential tool in the design and analysis of complex systems that cannot be easily described by analytical or mathematical models . Simulation is useful for calculating utilisation statistics, finding bottlenecks, pointing out scheduling errors, and even for creating manufacturing schedules. Traditionally, various simulation languages, including ARENA and AutoMod, have been used for the simulation of manufacturing systems. These simulation languages have been widely accepted both by industry and by academia; however, they remain as analysis tools for the rough design stage of a production line, because their simulation models are not sufficiently realistic to be utilised for a detailed design or for implementation purposes. For example, real production lines are usually controlled by PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) programs (Rullan 1997), but conventional simulation languages roughly describe the control logic with independent entity flows (job flows) between processes.- 2 -Production systems typically consist of simultaneously operating machines, which are controlled by PLCs, currently the most suitable and widely employed industrial control technology. A PLC emulates the behaviour of an electric ladder diagram. As they are sequential machines, to emulate the workings of parallel circuits that respond instantaneously, PLCs use an input/output symbol table and a scanning cycle. When a program is being run in a PLC it is continuously executing a scanning cycle. The program scan solves the Boolean logic related to the information in the input table with that in the output and internal relay tables. In addition, the information in the output and internal relay tables is updated during the program scan. In a PLC, this Boolean logic is typically represented using a graphical language known as a ladder diagram (IEC 2003).Since the abstraction levels of conventional simulators and PLC programs are quite different, the control logic of conventional simulators cannot be reused for the generation of PLC programs. Usually, electrical engineers manually write PLC programs by referring to the rough control logic of conventional simulators, as shown in Figure 1. Since PLC programming is a very tedious and error-prone job, it is essential to verify the PLC programs offline to reduce the stabilisation time of a production system.Previous approaches to a PLC program can be categorised into two groups:- 3 -(1) verification of a given PLC programand (2) generation of a dependable PLC program. In the first group, various software tools have been developed for the verification of PLC based systems via the use of timed automata, such as UPPAAL2k, KRONOS, Supremica and HyTech, mainly for programs written in a statement list language, also termed Boolean (Manesis and Akantziotis 2005). Such software tools verify PLC programs to a certain extent; however, they remain limited. Since they mainly focus on the checking of theoretical attributes (safety, liveness, and reachability), it is not easy for users to determine whether the PLC programs actually achieve the intended control objectives. In the second group, many researchers have focused on the automatic generation of PLC programs from various formalisms including state diagrams, Petri nets, and IDEF0. These formalisms can help the design process of control logics; however, it is still difficult to find hidden errors, which is the most difficult part of verifying a control program.Figure 2. The concept of PLC simulation.To overcome the aforementioned problems, it is necessary to utilise simulation techniques for PLC program verification. By simulating PLC programs, it is possible to analyse the control logic in various ways and recognise hidden errors more intuitively (David 1998). Although PLC simulation can be a very powerful tool for the detailed verification of a production system, the accompanying construction of a plant model is a major obstacle (the counterpart model of a control program). Since PLC programs only contain the control information, without device models, it is necessary to build a corresponding plant model to perform simulation, as shown in- 4 -Figure 2. However, constructing a plant model requires an excessive amount of time and effort. Sometimes, the plant model construction requires much more time than the PLC programming. This serves as the motivation for exploring the possibility of finding an automatic procedure for generating a plant model from a given PLC program.Figure3.Symbol table of a PLC program.Although the objective of a PLC program is not to describe a plant model (device models), the symbol table of a PLC program can provide a glimpse of the plant model. As shown in Figure 3, symbols in a PLC program usually contain some information related to the plant. For example, ‘EXLINE_MB_AGV_P1’ means that the symbol is a signal that is related to the control of an ‘AGV’ (Auto Guided Vehicl e) belonging to the ‘MB’ station of ‘EXLINE’ line. The above scenario reveals the key idea of the present study. If we can develop a proper naming rule for PLC symbols, then it might be possible to extract a plant model by analysing the symbol names.This paper has two major objectives: (1) to propose a proper naming rule for PLC symbols and (2) to develop a procedure for generating a plant model by analysing the symbol names. The application area of the proposed methodology includes all types of automated manufacturing systems controlled by PLC programs, such as automotive production lines, FMSs (flexible manufacturing systems), and ASRSs (automatic storage and retrieval systems). The overall structure of the paper is as follows. Section 2 addresses the specifications of a plant model for PLC simulation. Section 3 describes a naming rule for PLC symbols, which enables the automatic generation of a plant model. Finally, concluding remarks are given in Section 4.2. Plant model for PLC simulationBefore explaining the specification of a plant model enabling PLC simulation, we want to address the importance of the PLC simulation. Chuang et al. (1999) proposed a procedure for the development of an industrial automated production system that- 5 -- 6 -consists of nine steps, as follows: (1) define the process to be controlled; (2) make a sketch of the process operation; (3) create a written sequence of the process; (4) on the sketch, add the sensors needed to carry out the control sequence; (5) add the manual controls needed for the process setup or for operational checks; (6) consider the safety of the operating personnel and make additions and adjustments as needed;(7) add the master stop switches required for a safe shutdown; (8) create a ladder logic diagram that will be used as a basis for thePLC program; and (9) consider the possible points where the process sequence may go astray. The most time-consuming task for the control logic designers is the eighth step, which is usually done by the repetitive method of code writing, testing, and debugging until the control objectives are achieved (Manesis and Akantziotis 2005). This is the reason why conventional PLC programming is often inefficient and prone to human error. As the configurations of production lines and their control programs become more complicated, there is a strong need for a more efficient PLC simulation environment. It is hoped that this paper will take positive steps in this direction.A PLC can be considered as a dedicated computer system having input and output signals. To run a PLC, the corresponding plant model (the counterpart system) is required to interact with the input and output of the PLC. The behaviour of the plant model should be the same as that of the actual system to achieve PLC verification. Since a production line consists of various devices, including robots, transporters, jigs, solenoids, proximity sensors, and light sensors (Groover 2006), we can consider a plant model as a set of device models. To build such a device model, this paper em ploys Zeigler’s DEVS (Discrete Event Systems Specifications) formalism (Zeigler 1984, Kim 1994), which supports the specification of discrete event models in a hierarchical, modular manner. The semantics of the formalism are highly compatible with object-oriented specifications for simulation models. We use the atomic model of the DEVS formalism to represent the behavior of a device model. Formally, an atomic model M is specified by a 7-tuple:M =〈X, S,Y, sin δ,ext δ,λ ,t a 〉X input events setS sequential states setY output events setsin δ S→S: internal transition functionext δQ*X→S: external transition functionQ={(s, e)∣s ∈S, 0≤e ≤t a (s)}: total state of MλS →Y: output function- 7 -t a S →Real: time advance functionThe four elements in the 7-tuple, namely sin δ,ext δ,λand t a , are called the characteristic functions of an atomic model. The atomic model of the DEVS formalism can be considered as a timed-FSA (finite state automata), and it is suitable for describing the behaviour of a device model. Once the device models (plant model) are obtained, it becomes possible to perform the PLC simulation. Currently, device models should be construed manually, which takes much time and effort. To cope with the problem, the objective of the paper is to propose an automated generation procedure for device models.Before explaining the automatic generation procedure of a plant model, let us take a look at the manual procedure to construct device models. To construct a device model, first it is necessary to identify the set of tasks that are assigned to the device. The activation of each task is normally triggered by an external signal from PLC programs. Once the set of tasks is identified for a device, it is then possible to extract the state transition diagram, which defines an atomic model of the DEVS formalism. Figure 4(a) shows a simple example of an AGV (Automatic Guided Vehicle) with two tasks, T1 (movement from p1 to p2) and T2 (movement from p2 to p1). As the two tasks should be triggered by external events, the shell part of the AGV must have two input ports, termed here as Signal_1 and Signal_2, as shown in Figure 4(b).From the set of tasks, it is possible to instantiate the state transition diagram. For this example, there are four states, P1, DoT1, P2 and DoT2. While P1 and P2 take external events from the input ports (Signal_1, Signal_2) for state transitions, DoT1 and DoT2 take internal events that are the end events of the two tasks (T1 and T2). The DEVS atomic model of the virtual device, corresponding to the AGV, can be described as follows:- 8 -Shell of a virtual device:M=〈X,S,Y,sin δ,ext δ,λ ,t a 〉}2_,1_{Signal Signal =X S={P1,DOT1,P2,DOT2} Y={T1Done,T2Done}sin δ(DOT1)=P2 s i nδ(DOT2)=P1 ext δ(P1,Signal_1)=DOT1 ext δ(P2,Signal_2)=DOT2λ(DOT1)=T1Done λ(DOT2)=T2Donet a (DOT1)=Time_1 t a (DOT2)=Time_2Once a plant model has been constructed, it is possible to perform the PLC simulation, which enables the intuitive verification of a PLC program. Figure 5 shows the connections between a PLC program and a plant model. The plant model includes all device models of a production system, and the PLC program contains the control logic for the plant model. To integrate the plant model and the PLC program, it is necessary to define the mapping between the plant model and the PLC program, which is described by I/O mapping. To enable the visual verification of a PLC program, it is necessary to import 3D graphic models, which are controlled by the logical device models (the state transition diagrams). Since 3D graphic models are not always necessary, they are optional for PLC simulation. As mentioned already, the objective of this paper is to extract device models from the symbol names of PLC programs. To do so, it is necessary to develop a proper naming rule for PLC symbols. The naming rule will be addressed in the next section.3. Symbol naming for plant model generationAlthough IEC 61131-3 provides various standard specifications for a PLC, the naming rules of PLC symbols have rarely been brought into focus. Since there have been no standard rules for the naming of PLC symbols, it has been fully dependent on individual PLC programmers.To generate device models from PLC symbols, it is necessary to make PLC symbols that include enough information concerning the plant model. To achieve this objective, we interviewed many PLC programmers and analysed various conventional rules. As a result, we came up with a naming structure consisting of five fields: (1) line name, (2) process number, (3) device name, (4) input or output, and (5) task name (or state name). Figure 6 shows the naming structure for PLC symbols.If the PLC symbols are named according to the proposed naming structure, then it becomes possible to extract device models (atomic models of DEVS formalism) by simply analysing the symbol names. There are two types of symbols (signals), input or output, which are specified by the fourth field. The purpose of the output signal is to trigger a task that is specified by the fifth field. Thus, it is possible to identify the set of tasks of a device by analysing the output symbols. As mentioned already, once the set of tasks is identified for a device, it is then possible to extract the state transition diagram for the device model, which defines an atomic model of the DEVS formalism. While an output signal (symbol) is issued by a PLC to trigger a task, an input signal (symbol) is issued by a device to report the completion of the task to theδand internal transition functions PLC. This means that external transition functionsextδof a device model can be automatically extracted from the output and input sinsymbols, respectively. We demonstrate the generation procedure of a plant modelfrom PLC symbols using an example, as shown in Figure 7.- 9 -- 10 -In the example cell, we assume a part is loaded manually on the AGV by a worker. When the AGV senses the existence of a part, it moves to transfer the part to the machine. After the transfer, the machine performs machining to convert the part into a finished product. In this case, the plant model consists of two device models: an AGV model and a machine model. The PLC program to control the simple manufacturing cell is shown in Figure 8(a), and its symbol table is shown in Figure 8(b).As shown in Figure 8(b), the AGV model has two output symbols and two input symbols. From the output symbols (EX_OP_AGV_O_GOP1, EX_OP_AGV_O_GOP2), we can intuitively recognise that the AGV has two tasks- 11 -(movement from P2 to P1, and movement from P1 to P2). By using the output symbols, we can extract the state transition diagram, as well as the external transitionfunctions, as shown in Figure 9(a).As mentioned already, an output symbol triggers a task of a device model, and an input symbol is made by the device to notify the completion of the task. Since the execution of a task is performed internally by the device, the internal transition functions of a device model can easily be extracted from the input symbols(EX_OP_AGV_I_DONEGOP1, EX_OP_AGV_I_DONEGOP2). In this way, the device model of the machine can be extracted from the related symbols(EX_OP_MC_, etc.), as shown in Figure 9(b). The procedure for the construction of a device model can be described as follows.- 12 -(1) Identify all corresponding pairs between output symbols and input symbols. While an output symbol triggers a task, the corresponding input symbol reports the completion of the task. For example, EX_OP_AGV_O_GOP1 corresponds toEX_OP_AGV_I_DONEGOP1. (2) Define the states of a device mode using the last naming fields of input/output symbols. In the case of the AGV, we can define four states, GoP1, DoneGoP1, GoP2, and DoneGoP2. (3) Define external (internal) transition functions using output (input) symbols. Once a plant model has been obtained, it becomes possible to perform the PLC simulation by defining the I/O mapping relations between the plant model and the PLC symbols. Through the PLC simulation, we can efficiently check whether the PLC program achieves the control objectives or not.The proposed methodology was implemented in C++language, and test runs were made on a personal computer, as shown in Figure 10. The PLC program shown in Figure 8(a) was written using GX IEC developer version 7.0 provided byMitsubishi Electric Corporation. The GX IEC developer can export a symbol table in the form of an Excel file, as shown in Figure 8(b). The exported symbol table becomes the input for the generation of a plant model. Figure 10 shows that the generated device models by analysing the exported symbol table.4. Discussion and conclusionsThrough PLC simulation, it is possible to analyse control logic in various ways and recognise hidden errors more intuitively. Although PLC simulation can be a very powerful tool for the detailed verification of a production system, the accompanying construction of a plant model requires too much time and effort. To remedy this problem, we have proposed an automated procedure to generate a plant model from the symbol table of a PLC program. To do so, we have also proposed a naming rule for PLC symbols so that the symbol names include sufficient information on the plant model. By analysing the symbol names, a plant model can be extracted automatically. Since a plant consists of various manufacturing devices, we can consider a plant model as a set of device models. To represent such a device model, the proposed method employs Zeigler’s DEVS formalism. We use the atomic model of the DEVS formalism to describe the logical behavior of a device model. In other words, it is necessary to extract the device models from the symbol table in the form of an atomic model of the DEVS formalism. Although the proposed methodology only deals with the local verification of PLC programs, it is also possible to extend the methodologyto include the verification of mechanical aspects of the plant .- 13 -工厂模型生成PLC仿真Hyeong-Tae Park摘要 :本文介绍一个自动程序可编程序控制器(PLC)生成工厂模型仿真。
调研报告怎么写模板英语
调研报告怎么写模板英语调研报告模板(1000字)Title: Research Report on [Topic]Introduction:This research report aims to present findings and analysis on the topic of [Topic]. The research was conducted to gather data and insights regarding [Purpose of Research]. The report provides a comprehensive overview of the research methodology, key findings, and recommendations for further actions. Methodology:1. Research Approach:- Explain the chosen research approach (e.g., quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods).- Justify the selection based on the research objectives and available resources.2. Data Collection:- Describe the data collection methods used (e.g., surveys, interviews, observations).- Provide details on the sample size, sampling techniques, and data sources.3. Data Analysis:- Explain the techniques employed for data analysis (e.g., statistical analysis, thematic analysis).- Highlight any tools or software used for data management and analysis.Findings:1. Subheading 1:- Present the first major finding from the research.- Include relevant data, statistics, and supporting evidence.2. Subheading 2:- Introduce the second major finding from the research.- Include relevant data, statistics, and supporting evidence.3. Subheading 3:- Discuss the third major finding from the research.- Include relevant data, statistics, and supporting evidence.4. Subheading 4 (if applicable):- Present any additional minor findings or noteworthy observations.Discussion and Analysis:1. Interpretation of Findings:- Analyze and interpret the findings in relation to the research objectives.- Identify patterns, trends, correlations, or significant insights. 2. Comparison with Existing Research:- Discuss how the findings align or differ from previous studies on the same topic.- Highlight any gaps in knowledge or areas for further investigation.3. Limitations:- Address any limitations of the research process or data collection methods.- Explain how these limitations might have influenced the results. Recommendations:1. Based on the findings and analysis, propose actionablerecommendations for:- Individuals or organizations directly involved in the research.- Broader stakeholders, policymakers, or practitioners in the field.2. Provide specific, evidence-backed suggestions for improving or addressing the identified issues or opportunities.Conclusion:Summarize the key findings, analysis, and recommendations presented in the report. Reinforce the significance of the research and its potential impact on the field of study. Emphasize the need for further research and investigation in order to deepen the understanding of the topic.References:Provide a complete list of the sources cited throughout the report, following a consistent citation style. Ensure accuracy and proper formatting.Appendices:Include any additional materials that support the research and analysis (e.g., survey questionnaires, interview transcripts, data tables). Label and organize the appendices appropriately for easy reference.Note: The above template serves as a general guide for organizing a research report. You may need to adapt and modify it according to the specific requirements and conventions of your institution or research project.。
论文及外文翻译格式(标准)
负责教师(宋体,四号,首行缩进6字符)
(空7行)
沈阳航空航天大学(宋体,四号,居中)
2010年6月(宋体,四号,居中)
附录2 摘要格式示例(设置成三号,空2行)
摘 要(黑体,加粗,三号,居中,两个字之间空两格)
(空1行)
我国已经步入经济全球化发展的21世纪,随着市场经济的快速增长和对外开放的进一步深化,我国金融市场发生了巨大的变化。一方面,投资理财所涉及到的领域越来越广,不仅仅是政府、企业、社会组织进行投资理财,居民也逐步进入到金融市场中,开始利用各种投资工具对个人、家庭财产进行打理,以达到资产保值、增值,更好的用于消费、养老等的目的;另一方面,我国居民投资理财观念逐渐趋于成熟化、理性化;同时,其投资理财工具以及方式手段亦越来越向多元化、完善化发展。
附件5 论文及外文翻译写作格式样例
附录1 内封格式示例(设置成小二号字,空3行)
我国居民投资理财现状及发展前景的研究
(黑体,加粗,小二,居中,空2行)
The ResearchonStatus and Future of Inhabitants’ Investment and Financial Management inChina
关键词:(宋体,小四,加粗,左缩进:0)投资理财 资理财工具通货膨胀(宋体,小四,每个关键词之间空两格,关键词的个数在3到5个之间)
(空2行)
Abstract(Time New Roman体,三号,加粗,居中)
(空1行)
Our country has already entered into The Economic Globalization Development’ 21st century. Along with the fast growth of our country economy and opening to the outside world furthermore, our country finance market has had the hugely changed. On one hand, the investment and financial management involve in more and more fields.Not only governments, enterprises and social organizations carry on the investing to make money, but also the inhabitants start investing in the finance market, who make money by all kinds of investment tools for spending, caring for the aged and so on. On the other hand, the idea of our country inhabitants for investment and financial management has becoming mature and rational; At the same time, their investment tools as well as the methods for investment and financial management tend to more and more multiplication and consummation.
调研报告格式模板英语
Research Report Template - English format IntroductionThe purpose of this report is to provide a standardized template for research reports in the English language. This template is intended to provide a structure for researchers to organize and present their findings in an easily understandable and reader-friendly format.Section 1: AbstractThe abstract should be a brief summary of the research project, including the research question, methodology used, key results, and implications of the findings. The abstract should be no more than 250 words and should provide a concise overview of the research.Section 2: IntroductionThe introduction should provide a background for the research project, and explain why the research is important. The introduction should also clearly state the research question or hypothesis that the project aims to explore.Section 3: MethodologyThe methodology section should describe the methods used to collect and analyze data. Include a description of the research design, sampling strategy, data collection procedures, and data analysis techniques.Section 4: ResultsThe results section should present the findings of the research project. Use tables, graphs or charts to present data in a clear, concise and understandable manner. The results should be presented in a logical order that supports the research question and hypothesis.Section 5: DiscussionThe discussion section should interpret the results and provide an explanation of their implications. Discuss the significance of the results with respect to the research question and any related literature. This section should also address any limitations of the study and suggest areas for future research.Section 6: ConclusionThe conclusion section should provide a brief summary of the research question, methodology, key findings, and implications. This section should also present recommendations based on the results.ReferencesThe references section should provide a list of all sources cited in the text in APA format. These citations should be listed alphabetically by author’s last name.AppendicesInclude any supplemental material in the appendices. This might include additional data analyses, surveys, questionnaires, or supporting documents.ConclusionThis research report template provides a standardized structure for organizing and presenting research in the English language. By following this template, researchers can ensure that their findings are presented in a clear and reader-friendly manner.。
调查报告格式英文
调查报告格式英文Investigation Report FormatIntroductionIn today's fast-paced and complex world, conducting investigations has become an integral part of various professional fields. Whether it is in the corporate sector, legal domain, or even in scientific research, investigations play a crucial role in gathering accurate information and making informed decisions. An essential aspect of any investigation is the report that summarizes the findings and presents them in a structured and coherent manner. This article aims to explore the format and key elements of an investigation report, focusing on its English language requirements.Executive SummaryThe executive summary serves as a concise overview of the investigation report. It should provide a brief summary of the purpose, methodology, key findings, and recommendations. This section allows busy readers to grasp the main points without delving into the entire report. The executive summary should be written in clear and concise language, avoiding technical jargon or excessive detail. Introduction and BackgroundThe introduction section sets the context for the investigation. It should briefly explain the reasons behind the investigation, the scope, and the objectives. Additionally, providing a background of the issue being investigated helps the readers understand the significance and relevance of the investigation. Thelanguage used in this section should be straightforward and accessible to a wide range of readers.MethodologyThe methodology section outlines the approach and techniques used during the investigation. It should include details about data collection methods, sample size, sources of information, and any limitations encountered during the investigation process. This section is crucial as it enables readers to evaluate the reliability and validity of the findings. The language used should be precise and specific, ensuring clarity and transparency.FindingsThe findings section presents the results of the investigation. It should be organized logically, with each finding presented separately. Each finding should be supported by evidence and data, ensuring credibility. The language used should be objective and unbiased, avoiding personal opinions or speculations. It is essential to use clear and concise language, avoiding unnecessary technical terms or complex jargon.Analysis and InterpretationThe analysis and interpretation section aims to provide a deeper understanding of the findings. It involves examining the data collected, identifying patterns or trends, and drawing meaningful conclusions. This section should be written in a logical and coherent manner, ensuring that the analysis is supported by evidence. The language used should be analytical, demonstrating criticalthinking and a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. RecommendationsThe recommendations section suggests actions or measures based on the findings and analysis. It should be practical, feasible, and directly linked to the issues identified during the investigation. The language used should be persuasive and compelling, emphasizing the benefits and potential impact of implementing the recommendations. It is crucial to provide clear and specific instructions to facilitate the implementation of the recommendations. ConclusionThe conclusion section summarizes the main points discussed in the investigation report. It should reiterate the key findings, highlight the significance of the investigation, and emphasize the importance of the recommendations. The language used should be concise and impactful, leaving a lasting impression on the readers.AppendicesThe appendices section includes any additional information or supporting documents that are relevant to the investigation but not included in the main body of the report. This may include interview transcripts, survey questionnaires, or statistical data. The language used in the appendices should be consistent with the rest of the report, ensuring clarity and coherence.ConclusionIn conclusion, an investigation report serves as a crucial tool for communicatingthe findings, analysis, and recommendations of an investigation. The format and language used in the report are essential in ensuring that the information is effectively conveyed to the intended audience. By following a structured and coherent format, using clear and concise language, and providing evidence-based findings, an investigation report can effectively contribute to informed decision-making and problem-solving in various professional domains.。
写调研报告作文的格式模板
写调研报告作文的格式模板英文回答:Research Report Template。
I. Introduction。
Define the research topic and its significance.State the research question and objectives.II. Literature Review。
Summarize relevant literature on the topic.Identify gaps in knowledge and justify the need for further research.III. Methodology。
Describe the research design and methods.Explain the participant selection process and data collection techniques.IV. Results。
Present and analyze the data collected.Highlight key findings and patterns.V. Discussion。
Interpret the results in light of the research question and objectives.Discuss implications for practice, policy, or theory.VI. Limitations。
Acknowledge and discuss any limitations of the study.Suggest areas for future research.VII. Conclusion。
Summarize the main findings and conclusions.Restate the research question and the extent to whichit was answered.VIII. References。
调研报告英文模板格式
调研报告英文模板格式Survey Report1. IntroductionIn this report, we present the findings of a survey conducted on [date] to gather information regarding [topic]. The aim of the survey was to collect data and insights on [specific objectives]. 2. MethodologyThe survey was conducted using [method], and [number] respondents participated in the study. The respondents were selected through [sampling method] and represented a diverse range of demographics. The survey questionnaire was designed to ensure it was clear, concise, and easy to understand.3. Key Findings3.1 [Main Finding 1]- [Description of the finding]- [Supported data/statistics]- [Analysis and insights]3.2 [Main Finding 2]- [Description of the finding]- [Supported data/statistics]- [Analysis and insights]4. Demographics4.1 Gender- Male: [percentage]- Female: [percentage]4.2 Age Distribution- 18-24: [percentage]- 25-34: [percentage]- 35-44: [percentage]- 45-54: [percentage]- 55+: [percentage]4.3 Education Level- High school or below: [percentage]- Bachelor's degree: [percentage]- Master's degree or above: [percentage]5. ConclusionBased on the survey findings, it can be concluded that [summary of the main findings]. These insights can be utilized to inform [relevant stakeholders] in making informed decisions and improvements related to [topic]. Additionally, further research and analysis may be required to gain deeper insights into [area of interest].6. RecommendationsBased on the survey findings, we recommend the following actions: - [Recommendation 1]- [Recommendation 2]- [Recommendation 3]7. LimitationsAlthough efforts were made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the survey, there are a few limitations to consider:- [Limitation 1]- [Limitation 2]- [Limitation 3]8. Appendix[Include any additional tables, charts, or graphs that support the findings]Please note that the headings provided above are for organizational purposes only and should be replaced with appropriate content.。
英语调研报告格式模板范文
英语调研报告格式模板范文Here's a sample of an English research report format template written in an informal and conversational tone, following the requirements you mentioned:Alright, so let's dive into this research. First off, I gotta say, the data is fascinating. Like, whoa, youwouldn't believe some of the trends we're seeing. For instance, in the consumer behavior section, people arereally going for that personalized touch. They want brandsto know them, understand their needs, and cater to them specifically. It's like, "Hey, brand, I'm not just a number, I'm an individual with unique tastes!"Moving on, let's talk tech. The advancements in AI and machine learning are blowing my mind. Companies are using these technologies to predict customer behavior, optimize product recommendations, and even create personalized marketing campaigns. It's crazy how much power these algorithms have.Now, let's shift to the environmental impact part. It's no secret that businesses have a huge carbon footprint. But some companies are really stepping up to the plate and making a difference. They're investing in renewable energy, reducing waste, and adopting sustainable practices. It's refreshing to see businesses taking responsibility fortheir impact on the planet.And finally, let's chat about the future. From whatwe've.。
英语调研报告格式模板范文
英语调研报告格式模板范文Survey Report Format and Sample Template.Introduction.A survey report is a document that presents the findings of a survey. It typically includes the following sections:Introduction: This section provides an overview of the survey, including the purpose of the survey, the methodology used, and the population surveyed.Findings: This section presents the results of the survey, typically in the form of tables and graphs.Discussion: This section interprets the findings and discusses their implications.Recommendations: This section provides recommendationsbased on the findings of the survey.Conclusion: This section summarizes the key findings of the survey and provides a brief overview of the report.Sample Survey Report Template.Title: Survey of Consumer Preferences for XYZ Product.Introduction:Purpose of the survey: To determine the preferences of consumers for XYZ product.Methodology: The survey was conducted using a random sample of 1,000 consumers.Population surveyed: The survey was conducted among consumers who had purchased XYZ product in the past year.Findings:The majority of consumers (80%) are satisfied with XYZ product.The most important factor in consumer satisfaction is product quality (90%).Consumers are willing to pay a premium price for XYZ product (85%).Discussion:The findings of the survey suggest that XYZ product is well-received by consumers.The importance of product quality suggests that XYZ should focus on maintaining and improving the quality of its products.The willingness of consumers to pay a premium price suggests that XYZ has a strong brand reputation.Recommendations:XYZ should continue to focus on producing high-quality products.XYZ should consider raising the price of XYZ product to reflect its premium brand reputation.XYZ should explore opportunities to expand its product line to meet the needs of consumers.Conclusion:The findings of the survey provide valuable insights into the preferences of consumers for XYZ product. XYZ should use these insights to make informed decisions about its product development and marketing strategies.中文回答:调查报告格式和示例模板。
调研报告的格式图 调研报告和外文翻译格式 精品
调研报告的格式图调研报告和外文翻译格式2.调研(开题)报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式(可从教务处页上下载)打印,禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴,完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见.3.调研(开题)报告应按论文的格式成文,调研(开题)报告应是对拟完成的设计题目的一个或多个相似工程或相应的文档资料进行的认真考察并适度参与完后完成的总结,主要内容应该涵盖拟建工程(文档资料)的基本材料、特点和难点,以及得到的体会.调研(开题)报告可适度有一些参考文献,主要是关于同类研究的工程进展和异同点,以及对拟完成的设计借鉴意义.4.有关年月日等日期的填写,应当按照国标GB\/T7408—94《数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法》规定的要求,一律用阿拉伯数字书写.如2019年11月20日或2019-11-30.毕业设计调研(开题)报告结合毕业设计课题情况,根据所查阅的文献资料或者参与的工程实践,每人撰写4000字左右的调研报告,对和设计题目相似的工程的特点、难点进行总结,并反映出对设计题目的借鉴意义:调研报告(1)格式××××××××(小4号宋体,1.5倍行距)××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××………….(2)调研(开题)报告应使用11.11.1.1或者一(一)(1)的标题格式,标题之间应有明显的层次性和逻辑性,标题应充分体现文献综述是综合分析、归纳整理的结果.(3)参考文献的标注格式为:参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下:M——专著C——论文集N——报纸文章J——期刊文章D——学位论文R——报告S——标准P——专利对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母Z标识.常用的电子文献及载体类型标识:[DB\/OL]——联机上数据(databaseonline)[DB\/MT]——磁带数据库(databaseonmagictape)[M\/CD]——光盘图书(monographonCDROM)[CP/DK]——磁盘软件(puterprogramondisk)[J/OL]——上期刊(serialonline)[EB\/OL]——上电子公告(electronicbulletinboardonline)1.期刊类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码.【举例】[1]周融,任志国,杨尚雷,厉星星.对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报,2019(6):107-109.[2]夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2019(1):46-52.[3]Heider,E.R.&D.C.Oliver.Thestructureofcolorspacein namingandmemoryoftwolanguages[J].ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearch,1 999,(3):62–67.2.专著类【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码.【举例】[4]刘国钧,王连成.图书馆史研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1979:15-18,31.[5]Gill,R.MasteringEnglishLiterature[M].London:Macmillan,198 5:42-45.3.报纸类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).【举例】[6]李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N].光明日报,1998-12-27(3).[7]French,W.BetweenSilences:AVoicefromChina[N].Atlan ticWeekly,1987-8-15(33).4.论文集【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】[8]伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C].上海:上海译文出版社,1979:12-17.[9]Spivak,G.CantheSubalternSpeak[A].InC.Nelson&L.Grossberg(eds. ).VictoryinLimbo:Imigism[C].Urbana:UniversityofIllinoisPress,1988,pp. 271-313.[10]Almarza,G.G.Studentforeignlanguageteacher’sknowledgegrowth[A].InD.FreemanandJ.C.Richards(eds.).TeacherLearningi nLanguageTeaching[C].NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress.1996.pp.50-78.5.学位论文【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地:保存者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】[11]张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所,1983:1-7.6.研究报告【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地:出版者,出版年份:起始页码.【举例】[12]冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB 分析[R].北京:清华大学核能技术设计研究院,1997:9-10.7.专利【格式】[序号]专利所有者.题名[P].国别:专利号,发布日期.【举例】[13]姜锡洲.一种温热外敷药制备方案[P].中国专利:881056073,1989–07–26.8.标准【格式】[序号]标准编号,标准名称[S].【举例】[14]GB\/T16159—1996,汉语拼音正词法基本规则[S].9.条例【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期【举例】[15]中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—0510.电子文献【格式】[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名.电子文献出处[电子文献及载体类型标识].或可获得地址,发表或更新日期\/引用日期.【举例】[16]王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展[EB\/OL].:.\/pub\/wml.txt\/980810–2.html,1998–08–16\/1998–10–04.[17]万锦.中国大学学报论文文摘(1983–1993).英文版[DB\/CD].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1996.11.各种未定义类型的文献【格式】[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[Z].出版地:出版者,出版年.注意:参考文献在文中均应顺序出现,参考文献论文类应尽量使用近三年的,书籍.类时间可在五年之内.在文中也可以使用注释,注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明.注释应置于本页页脚,前面用圈码①、②、③等标识.参考文献的书写格式和论文正文中要求相同毕业设计调研(开题)报告2.本设计要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段(途径):××××××××(小4号宋体,1.5倍行距)××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××………….要表明研究论文要解决的问题,应有针对性的提出若干条来,并使用(1)(2)(3)(4)进行编号;每一条下面应该有详细的说明,坚决杜绝只列标题、没有相应的文字解释的写法.拟采用的研究手段(途径)主要是作者所采用的研究方法(实验法、调查研究、实地调查研究、二手资料研究、比较研究、评估研究、内容分析等)、研究步骤(如采用实地调查研究,方案设计,初步应用,总结提高等).毕业设计调研(开题)报告指导教师意见:1.对调研报告的评语:(指导教师注意:评语应有针对性,保持一定的字数)2.对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计(论文)结果的预测:(指导教师注意:评语应有针对性,保持一定的字数)指导教师:年月日系(教研室)审核意见:负责人:年月日毕业设计(论文)该题目指的是你所翻译资料的中文题目外文资料翻译题目:。
怎么写英文调研报告模板
怎么写英文调研报告模板调研报告模板Title: (标题)Introduction:- Purpose of the Research (研究目的)- Research Questions (研究问题)- Background Information (背景信息)Methodology:- Research Design (研究设计)- Data Collection Methods (数据收集方法)- Sample Size and Sampling Techniques (样本规模和抽样技术)Findings:- Overview of the Findings (研究结果概述)- Research Question 1: (研究问题1)- Summary of Results (结果概述)- Analysis and Interpretation (分析和解释)- Research Question 2: (研究问题2)- Summary of Results (结果概述)- Analysis and Interpretation (分析和解释)- Research Question 3: (研究问题3)- Summary of Results (结果概述)- Analysis and Interpretation (分析和解释)Discussion:- Comparison to Existing Literature (与现有文献的比较) - Limitations of the Study (研究的局限性)- Implications and Recommendations (意义和建议)- Future Research Directions (未来研究方向)Conclusion:- Summary of Findings (研究结果总结)- Contribution to the Field (对领域的贡献)- Closing Remarks (结束语)References: (参考文献)。
调研报告英文模板格式要求
调研报告英文模板格式要求1. IntroductionThe introduction should provide a brief background to the research topic, the objectives of the research, and the methodology adopted for conducting the research. The introduction should be concise and should not exceed 150 words.2. Literature ReviewThe literature review should provide a comprehensive overview of the existing research and scholarship on the research topic. The literature review should be organized thematically or chronologically, and should identify and discuss key concepts, relevant theories, and previous studies related to the research topic. The literature review should be well-researched and should not exceed 1000 words.3. Research Design and MethodologyThe research design and methodology section should describe the specific research design and methodology adopted for conducting the research. This section should include detailed information on the research design, sampling procedures, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques. This section should also explain how the research design and methodology helped to answer the research questions and achieve the research objectives. This section should be well-organized and should not exceed 800 words.4. ResultsThe results section should present the findings of the research in a clear, concise, and systematic manner. This section should use tables, graphs, and charts to present the key findings, and should provide a detailed explanation of the results. This section should also highlight the main findings of the research and should draw conclusions based on the results. This section should be well-structured and should not exceed 1000 words.5. Discussion and ConclusionThe discussion and conclusion section should reflect on the findings of the research and should provide a critical analysis of the results. This section should also relate the findings to the literature reviewed earlier and should demonstrate how the research contributes to the existing scholarship on the research topic. The conclusion should present the key findings of the research in a summarized form and should provide recommendations for future research or practical implications of the research. This section should be well-organized and should not exceed 800 words.ReferencesThe reference section should provide a comprehensive list of all the sources cited in the report. The references should be cited according to a consistent citation style, such as APA, MLA or Harvard, and should include all necessary information, such as author(s), year of publication, title, publisher or journal, and page numbers. The reference section should be well-formatted and organized, and should not exceed one page.AppendixThe appendix should provide additional information that is not critical to the main body of the report, such as raw data, questionnaires, or additional graphs and tables. The appendix should be well-formatted and well-organized, and should not exceed three pages.In summary, a well-written research report in English should follow a clear and consistent structure, which includes an introduction, literature review, research design and methodology, results, discussion and conclusion, references, and appendix. The report should be well-organized, concise, and informative, and should be free from grammatical and spelling errors. To create a professional-looking research report, authors may use a template or follow the guidelines provided by their institution or publisher.。
实习调研报告格式英语
Title: Analysis of the Impact of E-Commerce on Local Retail Businesses in [City/Country]Author: [Your Name]Supervisor: [Supervisor's Name]Institution: [Your Institution]Department: [Your Department]Date of Submission: [Date]Executive Summary:This report presents the findings of an internship conducted at [Company Name] during the summer of [Year]. The objective of the internship was to analyze the impact of e-commerce on local retail businesses in[City/Country]. The research involved a comprehensive literature review, primary data collection through interviews and surveys, and secondary data analysis. The report concludes with recommendations for local retailers to adapt to the evolving market landscape.Table of Contents:1. Introduction2. Literature Review3. Methodology4. Results4.1 Primary Data Analysis4.2 Secondary Data Analysis5. Discussion6. Recommendations7. Conclusion8. References1. Introduction:The rapid growth of e-commerce has revolutionized the retail industry, challenging traditional brick-and-mortar stores to adapt to the changing consumer behavior. This internship aimed to investigate the impact of e-commerce on local retail businesses in [City/Country]. The study focuses on understanding the challenges faced by local retailers and the strategies they employ to compete with online platforms.2. Literature Review:The literature review explores the existing research on the impact of e-commerce on retail businesses. Key findings include:- E-commerce has led to a decline in foot traffic and sales for traditional retailers.- Consumers are increasingly shifting towards online shopping due to convenience and competitive pricing.- Local retailers are facing challenges such as high operational costs, limited resources, and a lack of digital expertise.3. Methodology:The research methodology employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques.3.1 Data Collection:- Primary Data:- Interviews: Conducted in-depth interviews with local retailers, industry experts, and consumers to gather insights on the impact of e-commerce.- Surveys: Administered online surveys to a broader sample of local retailers to quantify the challenges faced by the industry.- Secondary Data:- Market Analysis: Analyzed market trends, consumer behavior, and e-commerce growth statistics to provide a broader context for the research.3.2 Data Analysis:- Primary Data Analysis: Utilized thematic analysis to identify key themes and patterns in the qualitative data.- Secondary Data Analysis: Employed statistical analysis techniques to quantify the impact of e-commerce on local retail businesses.4. Results:4.1 Primary Data Analysis:- Challenges Faced by Local Retailers:- High operational costs- Limited marketing budgets- Lack of digital expertise- Competition from online giants- Adaptation Strategies:- Embracing e-commerce platforms- Investing in digital marketing- Offering personalized customer experiences- Collaborating with local suppliers4.2 Secondary Data Analysis:- Market Trends:- The e-commerce market in [City/Country] is expected to grow at a CAGR of [X%] over the next five years.- The share of online retail sales in total retail sales is expected to reach [Y%] by [Year].- Consumer Behavior:- A significant number of consumers in [City/Country] are shifting towards online shopping for convenience and competitive pricing.- Local retailers are losing customers to online platforms due to the inability to offer similar benefits.5. Discussion:The findings of this study indicate that e-commerce has had asignificant impact on local retail businesses in [City/Country]. Traditional retailers are facing challenges in adapting to the evolving market landscape. However, the study also highlights several strategies that local retailers can employ to remain competitive.6. Recommendations:- Invest in E-commerce: Local retailers should consider establishing an online presence to reach a wider audience.- Enhance Digital Marketing: Invest in digital marketing campaigns to increase brand visibility and attract online customers.- Offer Personalized Experiences: Focus on providing exceptional customer service and personalized shopping experiences to differentiate from online competitors.- Collaborate with Local Suppliers: Build strong relationships withlocal suppliers to ensure a steady supply of quality products.7. Conclusion:This internship research report provides valuable insights into the impact of e-commerce on local retail businesses in [City/Country]. The findings highlight the challenges faced by traditional retailers and the strategies they can adopt to remain competitive. As the e-commerce market continues to grow, it is crucial for local retailers to adapt and embrace new technologies to survive and thrive in the evolving retail landscape.8. References:[Include a list of all the references cited in the report, formatted according to the institution's preferred citation style.]。
外文翻译的格式样式
外文翻译格式样式
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标题〔黑体小二加粗居中〕
〔宋体小四空一行〕
外文作者署名〔楷体小四号居中〕
〔宋体小四空一行〕
1内容〔黑体三号加粗〕
1.1 内容〔黑体四号加粗〕
坡是地壳表部一切具有空面的地体,具有一定的坡度和高度,包括人工坡、自然坡以及崩滑体。
在重力、化、侵和其它地作用下,坡不断地生化,
力重新分布,并且随着〔宋体小四号〕⋯⋯
明:以上外文翻译的格式,文前附有被翻的外文原件复印件,了反
映文稿的科学依据和者尊重他人研究成果的度及向者提出有关信息的出,要
求者按著 /名 /出版事序排列注明,同学遵照行。
期刊:著者,名,期刊名称,出版年,卷号〔期号〕,起始。
籍:著者,名、版次〔第一版不注〕,出版地,出版者,出版年,起始。
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调研报告格式引文
调研报告格式引文调研报告格式参考如下:一、中文格式:1. 书名引文:[序号] 作者,书名,出版地:出版社,出版年,页码。
2. 文章引文:[序号] 作者,“标题”,期刊名,出版年,卷号(期号):页码。
3. 网页引文:[序号] 作者,文章标题,网站名,发布或更新日期/访问日期,网址。
4. 会议论文引文:[序号] 作者,“标题”,论文集名,编辑者,会议年份,会议地点,出版城市:出版社,出版年,页码。
二、英文格式:1. 图书引文:[序号] 作者,书名,出版地:出版社,出版年,页码。
2. 文章引文:[序号] 作者,“标题”,期刊名,出版年,卷号(期号):页码。
3. 网页引文:[序号] 作者,文章标题,网站名,发布或更新日期/访问日期,网址。
4. 会议论文引文:[序号] 作者,“标题”,论文集名,编辑者,会议年份,会议地点,出版城市:出版社,出版年,页码。
以上是引文格式的基本要求,具体在实际编写过程中需根据具体情况进行适当调整。
参考文献:[1] 曹庆宏. 教育研究方法教程[M]. 北京:北京师范大学出版社,2012.[2] Martin, J. R. Discourse semantics and the missions of universi- ties [J]. In: Writing Language Education and Discourse, The Hong- kong University of Science and Technology, 2003, 2(1): 3-29. [3] 燕青. 中小学英语教学中基于话题任务设计的话题模块教学研究[J]. 中国电化教育,2011(8):16-19.[4] Morrison, J. K. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 2004.[5] Rodrigues, R. [1991], “Informational Content of Company Accounts in the United Kingdom” [report], Accounting Forum, 1991, 15(4): pp. 24-36.[6] 提供思维潜能充分发挥。
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毕业设计调研(开题)报告
题目:
院系名称:土木建筑学院专业班级:工程管理040×班学生姓名:学号:
教师职称:
日
1.调研(开题)报告适合于工程管理专业完成毕业设计类题目的学生(招投标文件编制、施工组织设计、工程量清单、可行性研究等),并作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。
此报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成,经指导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效。
2.调研(开题)报告内容必须用黑墨水笔工整书写或按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式(可从教务处网页上下载)打印,禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴,完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见。
3.调研(开题)报告应按论文的格式成文,调研(开题)报告应是对拟完成的设计题目的一个或多个相似工程或相应的文档资料进行的认真考察并适度参与完后完成的总结,主要内容应该涵盖拟建工程(文档资料)的基本材料、特点和难点,以及得到的体会。
调研(开题)报告可适度有一些参考文献,主要是关于同类研究的工程进展和异同点,以及对拟完成的设计借鉴意义。
4.有关年月日等日期的填写,应当按照国标GB/T 7408—94《数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法》规定的要求,一律用阿拉伯数字书写。
如“2006年11月20日”或“2006-11-30”。
1.结合毕业设计课题情况,根据所查阅的文献资料或者参与的工程实践,每人撰写4000字左右的调研报告,对和设计题目相似的工程
的特点、难点进行总结,并反映出对设计题目的借鉴意义:
调研报告
(1)格式
××××××××(小4号宋体,1.5倍行距)××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××…………。
(2)调研(开题)报告应使用“1 1.1 1.1.1”或者“一(一)(1)”
的标题格式,标题之间应有明显的层次性和逻辑性,标题应充分体现文献综述是综合分析、归纳整理的结果。
(3)参考文献的标注格式为:
参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识,具体如下:
M——专著C——论文集N——报纸文章J——期刊文章
D——学位论文R——报告S——标准P——专利
对于不属于上述的文献类型,采用字母“Z”标识。
常用的电子文献及载体类型标识:
[DB/OL]——联机网上数据(database online)
[DB/MT]——磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape)
[M/CD]——光盘图书(monograph on CD ROM)
[CP/DK]——磁盘软件(computer program on disk)
[J/OL]——网上期刊(serial online)
[EB/OL]——网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online)
1.期刊类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号):起止页码.
【举例】
[1] 周融,任志国,杨尚雷,厉星星.对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报,2003(6):107-109.
[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52.
[3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.
2.专著类
【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地:出版社,出版年份:起止页码.
【举例】
[4] 刘国钧,王连成.图书馆史研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1979:15-18,31.
[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.
3.报纸类
毕业设计(论文)
题 目院系名称: 专业班级:工程管理040×班
学生姓名: 学 号:
指导教师: 教师职称:
附 件: 1.外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。
附件1:外文资料翻译译文
译文标题(3号黑体,居中)
×××××××××(小4号宋体,1.5倍行距)×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××…………。
(要求不少于3000汉字)
(翻译准确,不得有文字性错误,注意中英文标点的区别)
附件2:外文原文(复印件)。