英文的非谓语动词
英语非谓语动词用法总结
千里之行,始于足下。
英语非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是英语中一种特殊的动词形式,它们没有主语,也没有时态的变化。
非谓语动词分为不定式、分词和动名词三种形式。
它们在句子中可以充当动词、形容词或名词的作用,用来修饰或补充主句的内容。
非谓语动词用法灵活多样,可以用在主句的前面、后面或中间位置,并且可以与其他成分同时存在于一个句子中。
在本文中,我将总结非谓语动词的用法,并给出一些例子来帮助理解。
一、不定式(infinitive)1. 不定式作主语e.g. To learn English is my goal. 学英语是我的目标。
2. 不定式作宾语a) 动词后直接接不定式作宾语e.g. I want to go to the cinema. 我想去电影院。
b) 动词后接代词(宾格)+不定式作宾语e.g. She advised me not to buy that car. 她建议我不要买那辆车。
3. 不定式作宾语补足语e.g. I found it hard to understand his accent. 我发现很难理解他的口音。
4. 不定式用来表示目的e.g. I went to the library to borrow some books. 我去图书馆借书。
5. 不定式用来表示结果第1页/共3页锲而不舍,金石可镂。
e.g. She was too tired to continue working. 她太累了,无法继续工作。
6. 不定式用来表示原因e.g. He called me to apologize. 他打电话给我道歉。
7. 不定式用来表示方式e.g. She danced gracefully to the music. 她优雅地随着音乐跳舞。
二、分词(participle)1. 现在分词(-ing形式)a) 分词作定语,修饰名词e.g. The running dog is mine. 那只奔跑的狗是我的。
英语非谓语谓语
英语非谓语谓语
非谓语虽然不是谓语,但仍然是个动词。
非谓语的使用形式有以下几种:to do、doing、done。
to do 是动词不定式,doing 有两层身份,一层是现在分词,一层是动名词,done 是过去分词。
非谓语动词在句子中的使用情况如下:
- to do:通常表示目的或将来发生的动作,如“I want to go home now.”。
- doing:可以表示正在进行的动作,如“There is a bird singing in the tree.”,也可以表示一般性的动作,如“My favorite sport is playing football.”。
- done:通常表示已经完成的动作,如“The house built last year has been sold out.”。
在一个英文简单句当中,有且只有一个主语,一个谓语动词。
如果仍想让某一个动词做谓语,可以通过写几个复合句来实现。
英语的非谓语动词语法
英语的非谓语动词语法非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。
动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。
接下来,小编给大家准备了英语的非谓语动词语法,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英语的非谓语动词语法Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)爬山是一项好运动。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:3) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.玛丽教我们英语。
(teaches 动词作谓语)Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
(to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)4) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.拉克喜欢流行音乐。
(动词用单数第三人称形式)Larke has nothing to do today.拉克今天没什么事要做。
(do 用原形)非谓语动词的特征:3 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.学习英语是我的爱好。
(studying 后跟宾语)To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。
(help 后跟宾语)4 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
【英语】非谓语动词的归纳
【英语】非谓语动词的归纳一、单项选择非谓语动词1.After a decade or so, out of choices, he returned to where he’d begun, ashamed at having so little to show for his wanderings.A.being run B.runningC.to run D.having run【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。
句意:大约十年后,在没有选择的情况下,他回到了他开始的地方,为自己的拼搏没有什么收获而感到羞愧。
run out of “用光,耗尽” 与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。
故D 选项正确。
【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点,要掌握它的用法。
首先,要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。
其次,要知道非谓语动词的三种形式:现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。
再次,要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生,还是将要发生。
其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要。
分析句子可知,本句的主语为he,谓语为returned, run out of “用光,耗尽”为非谓语与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return的之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。
故D选项正确。
2.Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up.A.wake B.wakenC.to wake D.waking【答案】D【解析】一旦他睡着了,我叫醒他就有很大的困难。
have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难,选D。
3.115.______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A.Expressing B.Expressed C.To express D.Having expressed【答案】C【解析】考查动词不定式。
全新英语语法——非谓语动词
全新英语语法—非谓语动词英语中有一种特殊的动词,它们没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,我们把这种不能作谓语的动词称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
14-1动词不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由“to+动词原形”构成。
其中的to为动词不定式符号,to有时可以省略。
省略to的动词不定式叫不带to的动词不定式。
动词不定式可简称不定式。
动词不定式与其后的宾语或状语等被称为不定式短语。
动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词、副词的功能,在句中可作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等,但不能作谓语。
1.动词不定式的结构形式动词不定式有肯定和否定两种形式;动词不定式的肯定式也可有各种时态及语态形式,常用的有:一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。
(1)动词不定式的肯定式We want to visit the factory.我们想去参观那家工厂。
(一般式)He seems to be reading the book.他好像在读那本书。
(进行式)I remember to have told you about it.我记得告诉过你这件事。
(完成式)I'm sorry to have kept you waiting long.对不起让你久等了。
(完成式)The car needs to be repaired before we go on a trip to Europe.在去欧洲之前,这辆车必须修理一下。
(被动式)(2)动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定式在不定式前直接加not,构成not to do结构;不带to 的不定式在动词原形前加not,构成not do结构。
如:The teacher told us not to be late again.老师告诉我们不要再迟到了。
My father made me not play computer games too long.我父亲不让我玩太长时间的电脑游戏。
高中英语非谓语动词
一、不定式to do1.形式:肯定式:to do sth 否定式:not to do sth.被动式:to be done 完成式:to have done2.成分(1)主语不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
注:常用it做形式主语,将to do 放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。
句型1:It + 谓语 + to do句型2:It’s + n. + to do句型3:It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.Eg.It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.(2)作宾语1).接不定式做宾语eg.I don’t expect to meet you here.常见动词有:want, decide, hope, agree, choose, wish, need ,promiselike, demand, expect, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等2). 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词常见的动词有:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain,know, show, discover, see(understand)Eg.He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.(3)作表语1)、主语 + be + to do sth主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / ambition/ dream / work / job 等名词(4)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)eg.Mother told me to come back before 10 o’clock.常见加to do 的动词:advise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wish want warn remind promise permit persuade request… +sb. to do加不带to的不定式的动词:see watch look at hear listen to feel noticesb. be + seen watched looked at heard listened to felt noticed + to do注意:当这类动词转为被动语态时,其后的不定式则要加上“to”如:He is often heard to sing the song.(5)it作形式宾语注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。
英语语法:非谓语动词
非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词。
主要包括不定式(to do)、动名词(v.-ing)和分词(现在分词-ing和过去分词-ing)三种形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
在非谓语动词前加not,never,即not / never to do,not / never doing。
二、非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词的做题步骤:1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
基本原则:不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
不定式作状语:1.目的状语:如果强调目的性,不定式前还可以加“in order”或“so as”,构成“in order to do”(句中/句首)或“so as to do”(句中)结构,并且之前不能用逗号隔开。
Eg. You work hard in order to entrance the college.Take down the number so as not to forget it.2.结果状语:常用句式:so…as to,such…as to,…enough to,only to(表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果),too…to等。
Eg. I hurried back only to find that her mother had left.3.主动表被动:在“主语+系动词+表语(adj.)+to do”结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表被动意思。
【英语】非谓语动词(完整版)
之后还是同时。之前常用done;之后常用to do;同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语
airplanes与动词carry构成逻辑上的主动关系,因此用v.-ing形式作定语。
11..The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle.
【答案】D
Байду номын сангаас【解析】
【详解】
考查现在分词。句意:听见这个消息,她冲了出去,留在书本打开着放在桌子上,就消失
在远处了。第一空leave与she构成主动关系,使用现在分词的形式。第二空the book与
lie构成主动关系,还是使用现在分词的形式,open是形容词表示状态,lying open是宾语
补足语,对the book进行补充说明。故D选项正确。
its mission to make a soft landing on the moon’s far side.
A.markingB.to mark
C.having markedD.marked
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:周三,中国的嫦娥4号机器人探测器进入月球轨道,标志着它在
airplane和carrying之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故选B。
考点:考查现在分词作定语
【名师点睛】非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否
已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句
子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
英语非谓语动词讲解
英语非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
★1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)注意:不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
①常用不定式做主语的句型有:常用结构:It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth.(常见形容词: difficult , important, necessary, impossible, etc.)It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth.(常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.)②常用动名词做主语的句型有:It’s no good (use, fun) doing sth.It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing sth. It’s worth while doing sth.★2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
英语中非谓语动词
4 would just as soon do sth. as do…(宁愿…也不愿 …) 5 may /might (just) as well do… (还是…好;还不如…;不妨…) 6 can not but do… (不能不;不得不)
7 cannot choose but (只得) 8 cannot help but (不得不) cannot help + doing 9 can but = can only (只得,充其量不过)eg
Form Usage Omission of “ to”
to do(not to do) to be doing to have done to have been doing
to be done to have been done
一般式(否定) 进行式 主动 完成式 完成进行式
一般式 被动 完成式
I would just as soon stay as go with him. We may as well begin at once. You may as well tell the truth. We might just as well stay at home.
I can not but admire his courage. I cannot but laugh. I cannot choose but stay. I cannot help but grieve.
﹡一般式:
不定式表示的动作与谓语动词表示 的动作同时发生,或者在谓语动词 表示的动作之后发生。
1. I’m glad to see you. (同时发生) 2. They invited us to come to a party. (不 定式动作后发生) 3. The computer to be produced is of a new type. (被动) 4.You must promise never to do that again.
英语语法之非谓语动词
英语语法之非谓语动词非谓语动词,顾名思义就是在句子中不能充当谓语的动词,但是,可以充当发句子的其他成分,也有时态和语态的变化。
这类动词包括不定式(to do),动词的-ing形式(分为动名词和动词的现在分词两种形式,书写形式都是doing)和过去分词(done)。
1. 做主语不定式和动名词形式都可以做主语,但过去分词不可以。
如:To do such thing is foolish. Seeing is believing.在这一用法中,需要注意的是:1)动名词可做主语,但动词现在分词不可以做主语。
2)不定式和动名词做主语时,谓语动词要用三单。
3)不定式做主语时,如主语长,为了避免头重脚轻,往往用it 做形式主语,把真正的不定式主语放在句子后头。
2. 做表语非谓语动词的这三种形式都可以用作表语。
如:Her job is to clean the hall. Her job is cleaning the hall. His good day is gone. 过去分词做表语时,要注意和句子的被动语态区分。
过去分词做表语表示主语的状态,而被动语态强调动作。
例如:The glass is broken. Broken做句子的表语,表示玻璃杯的状态。
The glass is broken by me.这个句子属于被动语态,强调动作“被打碎了”。
3. 做定语不定式,动词的ing形式,过去分词都可以做定语,但所表示的意义并不相同。
例如:I have a lot of work to do. She is a sleeping beauty. He takes sleeping pills every day. The stolen book is as same as his.1)不定式做定语表示将来的动作。
例句中的不定式表明将要做的工作还有很多。
2)动名词做定语时,表示作用和用途,如例句中的“sleeping pill”, pill的作用是to sleep。
考研英语非谓语动词例句
考研英语非谓语动词例句
1. Infinitive (不定式):
●To succeed in the exam, you need to study diligently.
(为了在考试中成功,你需要努力学习。
)
●I plan to attend a language course during the summer vacation.
(我计划在暑假期间参加一门语言课程。
)
2. Gerund (动名词):
●Studying regularly is essential for achieving good results.
(定期学习对于取得好成绩至关重要。
)
●She enjoys swimming in the ocean during her free time.
(她喜欢在空闲时间在海里游泳。
)
3. Participle (分词):
●Having finished the assignment, he submitted it to the professor.
(完成作业后,他将其提交给了教授。
)
●The broken window needs to be fixed as soon as possible.
(这个破窗户需要尽快修理。
)
请注意,这些例句旨在帮助您理解非谓语动词的用法。
在考研英语中,非谓语动词的应用非常广泛,您可以进一步研究不同的非谓语动词形式和它们的具体用法。
高中英语非谓语动词
one’s / N’s + doing / There + being
- His attending the meeting surprised everyone here. - Tom’s winning made us excited. - I’m proud of your performing in the exam. - I don’t mind Tom’s smoking here. 注:复合结构作宾语时可用宾格或普通格代替 - I’m proud of you performing in the exam. - I don’t mind Tom smoking here.
/surprising.
•主语和表语 宾语 一致 eg. Seeing is believing.
=To see is to believe. Saying is one thing but doing is another.
= To say is one thing but to do is another.
emperor in the procession.
A. laugh at C. laughing at
B. to laugh at D. laughing on
二. forget remember regret mean stop try go on 后接 doing 和 to do 含义不同
eg. -I remember seeing him somewhere before.曾做过
How about two of us _C___ a walk down the garden A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
英语 非谓语动词
英语非谓语动词English:Non-finite verbs, also known as non-finite forms or verbals, are verb forms that are not limited by tense, person, or number. There are three types of non-finite verbs in English: infinitives, gerunds, and participles. Infinitives are the base form of a verb preceded by 'to', like "to read" or "to write". They can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in a sentence. Gerunds are verb forms ending in '-ing' that function as nouns, such as "swimming" in "I enjoy swimming". Participles are verb forms that can function as adjectives, either ending in '-ing' (present participle) like "falling" in "the falling leaves" or '-ed' (past participle) like "broken" in "a broken window". Non-finite verbs play various roles in sentences, such as subjects, objects, complements, or modifiers. Understanding and correctly using non-finite verbs are essential for achieving fluency in English and constructing diverse and complex sentences.中文翻译:非谓语动词,也称为非限定性形式或动词名词,是不受时态、人称或数的限制的动词形式。
3、英语语法学习笔记-非谓语动词
非谓语动词谓语动词的另一个称谓叫限定性动词(finite verbs),与之相对的非限定性动词(non-finite verbs)不受到主语、人称限制、限定的动词,此类动词失去表达时间和人称的能力。
这样的动词就是非谓语动词。
谓语动词是句子的核心,非谓语动词职能出现在非核心的内容中。
1、动词不定式(infinitive)不定式是指不受人称、时间的限制,通常为to+动词原形。
如:To be or not to be,that is the question.此类句子被称为完全不定式(full infinitive )但是有时to也会被省略,如:You helped me (to) cook the carrot.此类句子被称为裸不定式(bare infinitive)谓语动词只能作为核心成分,非谓语动词可以做其他成分。
(1)动词不定式做主语To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit.划线部分即为句子的主语,如果用it作为形式主语来代替主语,而将主语“To eat a carrot every day”放在谓语动词之后,It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot everyday.(it is + adj+for sb+to do sth.)这句话也是带形式主语。
(2)动词不定式做宾语The rabbit likes to eat carrots.注意有的动词后面不能接作为宾语的动词不定式。
I consider(复杂及物动词)the rabbit smart.用it作为形式宾语,I consider it important to eat a carrot everyday.(3)动词不定式作为宾语补足语The rabbit expected the wolf to eat a carrot.see、find、watch、have、make、left这类使役动词用不定式作宾语时,必须省略to,如:Carrots make the rabbit feel happy.其他谓语动词接不定式作为宾语补足语时,是否省略to都是正确的表达。
英语非谓语动词总结
英语非谓语动词总结非谓语动词(Non-finite Verbs)是指在句中不作谓语,不具有时态和人称变化,并且可以与其他动词、名词或代词连用,起到修饰、补充、限制、强调或表达目的等作用的动词形式。
常见的非谓语动词形式有不定式、动名词和现在分词。
以下是关于它们的详细总结。
一、不定式(Infinitive)1. 不定式的构成:to + 动词原形例:to go, to study, to eat2. 不定式的功能:(1)作目的状语例:I went to the store to buy some groceries.(2)作结果状语例:She worked hard to pass the exam.(3)作动词的宾语例:I want to learn English.(4)作形容词的定语例:He is the man to talk to.3. 不定式常见的固定搭配:(1)want/wish/hope/prefer to do sth.例:I want to learn to play the piano.(2)decide/plan to do sth.例:They decided to go on a trip.(3)agree/refuse/promise to do sth.例:He promised to help us with the project.二、动名词(Gerund)1. 动名词的构成:动词原形 + -ing例:going, studying, eating2. 动名词的功能:(1)作主语例:Swimming is my favorite sport.(2)作宾语例:I enjoy reading books.(3)作介词的宾语例:He is interested in playing basketball. (4)作表语例:Her favorite activity is dancing.3. 动名词常见的固定搭配:(1)enjoy/like/love/hate + 动名词例:She enjoys dancing in her free time. (2)keep/start/stop + 动名词例:The children kept playing games all night. (3)be/get + used to + 动名词例:She is used to getting up early.三、现在分词(Present Participle)1. 现在分词的构成:动词原形 + -ing例:going, studying, eating2. 现在分词的功能:(1)作定语例:The girl wearing a red dress is my sister.(2)作状语例:While studying, he realized the importance of education. (3)作补足语例:She kept me waiting for hours.(4)作独立成分例:Looking back, I realize how much I have grown.3. 现在分词常见的固定搭配:(1)catch/find/keep + sb./sth. + doing sth.例:I caught my brother eating my ice cream.(2)be/get + used to + 现在分词例:She is getting used to living alone.(3)can't help + 现在分词例:I can't help laughing when I see that video.以上是关于英语非谓语动词的总结,希望可以帮助到你。
英语中非谓语动词是什么
英语中非谓语动词是什么?非谓语动词指的是一个句子中除了谓语动词之外的动词,这些动词除了不能充当谓语之外,可充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语或宾语补足语等成分。
非谓语动词有四种形式:动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
现简述如下:一、动词不定式(to do 形式)1. 作主语。
动词不定式(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”的现象,常用it作形式主语(it无意义),真正的主语为后面的动词不定式(短语)。
例如:It is not easy to learn a foreign language well. 学好一门外语不容易。
It takes me ten minutes to walk to school every day. 我每天步行去上学要花十分钟时间。
2. 作宾语。
动词不定式(短语)作宾语时,常用在want, like, love, teach, stop, begin, start, forget, remember, would like 等动词后面。
例如:Don’t forget to turn off the lights when yo u leave the classroom. 当你离开教室时,别忘了关灯。
3. 作宾语补足语。
动词ask, like, tell, want, invite, teach, help, would like 等后面接宾语,宾语之后常用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:Could you ask him to call me, please? 请你叫他给我打个电话,好吗?His mother told him not to play on the road. 他妈妈告诉他不要在路上玩耍。
4. 作定语。
动词不定式(短语)作定语时,常放在被修饰的名词或不定代词之后。
例如:I have a lot of work to do today. 今天我有许多工作要做。
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---非谓语动词
非谓语动词
#概念与分类
顾名思义,非谓语动词是指不能用来做谓语
的动词形式,它是相对于谓语动词来说的。 谓语动词的形式,就表现为我们通常讲的16 中动词的时态形式。 非谓语动词可分为三种:不定式、动名词、 分词(பைடு நூலகம்在分词、过去分词)。
5.其逻辑主语与主句的主语不同的分词短语做状语。 So many comrades being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. 6.其逻辑主语与主句的主语相同的分词短语做状语。 The cost of meals in big cities varies greatly, depending on choices. 7.分词做宾语补足语 The teacher found Mary cheating in the exam. 注:常用分词做复合宾语中宾补成分的动词包括:catch, have, keep, see, feel, leave, make, hear, find, want, start, notice, observe, get等。 8. 分词做伴随状语 Dad sat reading a newspaper. 9.分词做主语补足语 Seeing me, she came up with a smiling face.
5.不定式做宾语补足语 能够用动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, enable, determine, encourage, expect, find, force, hate, inform, invite, like, mean, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, send, teach, tell, trouble, urge, want, wish, compete, instruct, help, lead, love, prefer, prepare, press等。例如; We formally invited the General Manager of the Panda Group (attend)___ our opening ceremony. We should prefer them to come next week.
3.后接动名词或不定式意义差别较大的几个常考动词及其用 法: Forget/remember to do sth 忘了/记得要去做某事 Forget/remember doing sth 忘了/记得曾做过某事 Regret to do sth = be sorry to do sth 因要做某事而后悔 Regret doing/having done sth 因做了某时而后悔 Try to do sth 努力做某事 Try doing sth 试着做某事 Mean to do sth= intend to do sth 打算做某事 Mean doing sth 意味着做某事 Stop to do sth 停下手中的事而开始做某事 Stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 Go on to do sth (做完一件事后)进而开始继续做另一件事 Go on ding sth 继续做(一直做的事情) 例如:Oh, I forgot (send)____ my sister a birthday card and it’s her birthday tomorrow.
4.与动名词相关的常考句型:
be busy (in) doing sth Spend time (in) doing sth It is +(of) no use/good/sense/point/meaning + in
doing sth There is no + use/good/sense/point/meaning + in doing sth What’s the + use/good/sense/point/meaning + of doing sth They have +trouble/difficulty/problem/a hard time + (in) doing sth
一、不定式
1.不定式做主语的句型: It is +n. + to do sth It takes sb. + some time + to do sth. It is +adj. + of sb+ to do sth. 例如: It is important to study English well nowadays. It took me 2 hours to finish the work. It is kind of you to invite me to have dinner. To see is to believe.
一般式:to do 被动式:to be done 完成式:to have done 进行式:to be doing 一般式:doing 被动式:being done 完成式:having done 完成被动式:having been done
4.不定式做状语 1)不定式做状语的短语有:in order to/so as to, only to+V, so + adj./adv. + as to + V, such +名词短 语+as to + V, enough to + V, too +adj./adv. + to + V, not…enough to, not/never too…to (怎么。。。 也不过分),too…not to, but/ only too (非常)等。 例如: I got to the station, only to find that the train was pulling off. 2)不定式常常用于修饰以下形容词:able, afraid, clever, careful, careless, certain, difficult, easy, eager, glad, happy, hard, interesting, likely, lucky, nice, sure, pleased, quick, ready, right, sorry, unable, unwilling, wrong等。例如: He was very sorry not to have met here at the airport.
2. 不定式做定语 不定式可以作为定语修饰某些抽象名词,如: chance, effort, opportunity, place, reason, right, time, way等。例如: Do you know the way to get to the station?
不定式作为定语还可以修饰这几个代词: something, anything, nothing, everything. 例如: Do you have anything else to include in the report? 由only, last, next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名 词后常用不定式做定语。例如: She was the first man to learn to drive a plane.
注:分词短语表示的动作与主语的谓语动作
同时发生,用一般形式;若其表示的动作发 生在主句谓语动词之前,分词短语用完成时。 作为时间状语,分词短语一般放于句首。前 面加when/while/until等词时,也可以放在句 末。
四、不定式、现在分词与过去分词的 选择
注意: 不定式表示将来的动作。不定式也有几种形式:
三、分词
分词的形式有:现在分词(-ing)和过去分词(-ed) 两种。 1. 现在分词短语表示主动意义。例如: Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy. 2.过去分词表示被动。例如: Many things considered impossible in the past are common today. 3. 分词短语做定语和表语 His book was much better than those having been written so far on this subject. The argument is very convincing. 4.带连词和介词的分词短语做状语 Even though given every opportunity, they would not try.
二、动名词
1.常见的可跟动名词做宾语的动词:admit, appreciate, avoid, begin, consider, delay, dislike, deny, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, fancy, finish, forbid, hate, imagine, resist, risk, stop, suggest, stand等。例如: We appreciate (work)___ with him, because he has a good sense of humor. John suggested going together in one car. 2.下列动词及 be worth后接动名词含被动意义,既动词+Ving= 动词+动词不定式的被动语态:bear, deserve, need, require, want等。主动形式表被动含义,如: His long hair needed cutting.= His long hair needed to be cut.