在职联考MBA英语复习资料
MBA联考-英语(二)-26.doc
MBA联考-英语(二)-26(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The technology industry is at war over intellectual property. On May 7th the first 1 of a three-part fight between Oracle and Google over patent and copyright claims relating to the Java programming language ended in a decision that denied outright victory to either firm. Apple, Samsung and others are 2 over smartphone patents. Facebook and Yahoo! are at 3 over internet patents. Accusations abound 4 innovation is taking a 5 seat to lawsuits. Only the lawyers are smiling.All of 6 makes this a good time to 7 a new approach to trading intellectual property, says Gerard Pannekoek, the boss of IPXI, a new financial 8 that lets companies buy, sell and hold patent rights, just like any other 9 . The idea is to offer a patent or group of patents as "unit licence rights" (ULRs), which can be bought and sold like 10 . A ULR 11 a one-time right to use a particular technology in 12 product: a new type of airbag sensor in a car, 13 . If a company wants to use the technology in 100,000 cars, it buys 100,000 ULRs at the market price. ULRs are also expected to be traded on secondary markets.This is simpler, faster and cheaper than the lawyer-intensive process of negotiating bilateral licences for intellectual property, the high cost of which discriminates 14 small companies, leaves patents unused on the shelf and 15 innovation. IPXI"s approach does not 16 for all types of intellectual property—it does not 17 exclusive licensing, for example—but should make it 18 for companies to make money from their inventions. "It"s a good form of funding for start-ups," suggests Mr. Pannekoek.The exchange has 19 30 members including Philips, an electronics giant, and several universities and research laboratories. On May 4th IPXI published the rulebook that 20 how the exchange will work, and it expects to open for business later this year. Its novel approach is ideal for the open, non-exclusive licensing of smartphone-related patents, says Ruud Peters, chief intellectual-property officer at Philips.（分数：10.00）A.circleB.roundC.turnD.orderA.battlingpetingC.fightingD.strivingA.loggerheadsB.disagreementsC.disputesD.controversiesA.whichB.whatC.whereD.thatA.backB.frontC.foreD.forwardA.itC.whatD.whichA.putB.applyC.addunchA.institutionB.exchangeanizationD.enterpriseA.propertyB.estateC.assetD.capitalA.goodsB.sharesC.fundsD.interestsA.submitsB.transmitsC.grantsD.deliversA.singleB.peculiarC.uniqueD.separateA.for exampleB.on averageC.in principleD.above allA.overB.forC.ofD.againstA.promotesB.hampersC.forbidsD.enhancesA.impressB.affectC.applyD.workA.agreeB.allowC.includeD.involveA.more difficultB.simplerD.more complexA.signed upB.signed forC.signed onD.signed offA.controlsernsC.managesD.rules二、Section Ⅱ Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The list of famous companies founded during economic downturns is long and varied. A 2009 study found that over half of Fortune 500 companies got their start during a downturn or a bear market.A recession, it seems, may not be an entirely bad time to start a company. Indeed, busts (and booms) cast a longer shadow on the business landscape than is commonly realised, because they influence both the rate of business formation and how existing firms are run.Some argue that recessions speed up the process of economic restructuring—what Joseph Schumpeter called " creative destruction ". The destruction part is easy to see: downturns kill businesses, leaving boarded-up windows on the high street as their gravestones. But recessions may also spur the creation of new businesses.When people suddenly have less money to spend, clever entrepreneurs may see an opportunity to set up businesses that give them what they want more cheaply or efficiently. Downturns may also swell the ranks of potential firm creators, because many who might otherwise have sought a stable salary will reinvent themselves as entrepreneurs.Tough times do not suddenly prompt everyone to start a business. The vast majority of people who reach working age during a downturn still look for a job. But research also suggests that recessions have lasting effects on how executives manage businesses. Antoinette Schoar and Luo Zuo of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that those who began their management careers during a bust were substantially more risk-averse, took on less debt and generally were more conservative managers than the rest of the sample, even many decades later. That will strike critics of the over-leveraged company as thoroughly good news, but it is hard to say whether this effect is entirely benign.Bosses whose careers began in a recession also tend to be so concerned about cost-effectiveness that the companies they go on to run spend less on research and development. They may thus be too conservative: firms with bosses whose professional baptism came in a weak economy have lower returns on assets than those run by other managers. Why should this be? One plausible explanation is that recessions affect the way people take decisions.Whether they were set up during a boom or a bust, today"s firms are deeply affected by the economic fluctuations of the past.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______.（分数：2.00）A.the economic downturn is suitable for start-upsB.most of Fortune 500 companies were set up during a bear marketC.a bust may not be an entirely bad time to create new businessesD.it is quite easy to start a company in a recession(2).By saying "creative destruction" (Para. 2), the author means that downturns ______.（分数：2.00）A.kill businesses in a creative wayB.create new businesses while killing businessesC.slow down the process of economic restructuringD.have a positive effect on the economy(3).Recessions may spur the creation of new businesses probably because ______.（分数：2.00）A.they decrease the number of potential competitorsB.they decrease the number of potential employeesC.they increase the number of clever firm creatorsD.they increase the number of potential entrepreneurs(4).The managers who began their careers in a recession don"t tend to be ______.（分数：2.00）A.heavily in debtB.risk-averseC.concerned about cost-effectivenessD.too conservative(5).The main idea of this text could be ______.（分数：2.00）A.the influence of recessions on new businessesB.the influence of recessions on existing firmsC.the influence of recessions on entrepreneurs and managersD.the influence of recessions on creation and destruction五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)McDonald"s, the burger behemoth announced a 5.2% drop in profits for the first three months of 2014 and a 1.7% decrease in same store sales in the U.S. President and CEO Don Thompson emphasized that McDonald"s would be focusing on its core products, like its Big Mac, Egg McMuffin, and its famous french fries.Thompson"s back-to-basics vow comes in response to the sort of menu creep the chain experienced in 2013, when it rolled out a seemingly endless stream of limited time offers. After all, those special promotions and innovations didn"t do much good. Same-store sales slipped by 0.2% in the U.S. last year, and chief operating officer Tim Fenton admitted that the fast-food chain "stumbled a bit, in 2013, with too many new products, too fast and we created a lot of complexity." Thompson said that McDonald"s "core products are familiar favorites for our customers. They truly represent McDonald"s to all of our customers, and at about 40% of total sales, they are an incredible business asset for us that requires a constant publicity and promotion."When McDonald"s first got off the ground in the 1940s, it had a nine-item menu made up of hamburger, cheeseburger, soft drinks, milk, coffee, potato chips, and a slice of pie. It built its iconic reputation on guaranteeing that these food and beverage items would have the same great taste no matter the McDonald"s location at which they were served.But as time goes on, too much menu diversification, which McDonald"s has suffered from of late, leads to longer customer wait times in an industry built on speed. "What McDonald"s workers do inside those four walls is really impressive. Everyone has their time and place, and their entire job is done in two or three steps," says Howard Penney, managing director at Hedgeye Risk Management. Adding more processes that come with a bigger menu, specifically the smoothie and espresso machines, has disrupted McDonald"s restaurants" time and motion. It takes a lot longer to make a smoothie than it does to pour a fountain Coke. "Everything they"ve done to become all things to all people has slowed service," Penney says. All in all, going back to its roots could be just what McDonald"s needs.（分数：10.00）(1).Why Don Thompson emphasized McDonald"s would be focusing on its core products?（分数：2.00）A.New products taste awful and weirdB.Core products are kept quality easilyC.New products benefit the company littleD.Core products are praised by customers(2).We can infer from Paragraph 2 that extensive menus bring McDonald"s more ______.（分数：2.00）A.annual earningsB.fans and customersC.investment projectsD.turnover declines(3).According to the passage, what"s the serious problem that McDonald"s nowadays faces?（分数：2.00）A.Fixed traditional products make customers feel weariedB.Varied products cause low-level working efficiencyC.The making process of fast-food becomes more complicatedD.The taste is no longer the same among different service sites(4).What"s the author"s attitude toward McDonald"s present situation?（分数：2.00）A.SkepticismB.ObjectivenessC.IndifferenceD.Approval(5).For McDonald"s, what is the key point to solve the current problem?（分数：2.00）A.Improving products" diversityB.Building strong brand positionC.Promoting main productsD.Scaling back stores六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds, the number of marriages also rises.Coincident with the increase in women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife"s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising a family"s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family"s financial and emotional stability.Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.Also, a major part of women"s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside of the home comes the Capacity to exercise power within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to thesenew conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.（分数：10.00）(1).The word "portend" (Sentence 1, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to "______".（分数：2.00）A.defyB.signalC.suffer fromD.result from(2).It is said in the passage that when the economy slides, ______.（分数：2.00）A.men would choose working women as their marriage partnersB.more women would get married to seek financial securityC.even working women would worry about their marriagesD.more people would prefer to remain single for the time being(3).If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, ______.（分数：2.00）A.they are more likely to dominate their marriage partnersB.their husbands are expected to do more houseworkC.their marriage ties can be strengthenedD.they tend to put their career before marriage(4).One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that ______.（分数：2.00）A.they feel that they have been robbed of their freedomB.they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbandsC.they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectationsD.they tend to suspect their husbands" loyalty to their marriage(5).Which of the following statements can best summarize the author"s view in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the countryB.Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriageC.In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independentD.The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, whether they are of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive . Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotiomal tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a meansof diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane University"s Tear Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication, to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of "dry eye" syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants. At Columbia University Dt. Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.（分数：10.00）(1).It is known from the first paragraph that ______.（分数：2.00）A.crying usually wins sympathy from other peopleB.crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedyC.shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to AmericansD.one who sheds tears in public will be blamed(2).What does "both those responses to tears" (Para. 1) refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happinessB.The tear shedder"s apology and the observer"s effort to stop the cryingC.The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observersD.Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears(3)."Counterproductive" (Para. 1) very probably means ______.（分数：2.00）A."having no effect at all"B."leading to tension"C."producing disastrous impact"D."harmful to health"(4).What does the author say about crying?（分数：2.00）A.It must have a role to play in man"s survivalB.It is a pointless physiological response to the environmentC.It is meant to get attention and assistanceD.It usually produces the desired effect(5).What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?（分数：2.00）A.Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tearsB.Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tearsC.Emotional tears can give rise to "dry eye" syndrome in some casesD.Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Examples and rumours abound of companies being burgled by cyberfrauds, cyberspooks orcyber-mischief-makers. On June 26th America"s Federal Trade Commission sued Wyndham Worldwide, a hotel group, alleging that security failures at the company in 2008 and 2009 had led to the export of hundreds of thousands of guests" payment-card account numbers to a domain registered in Russia. The FTC says "millions of dollars" were lost to fraud. Wyndham says it knows of no customers who lost money and that the FTC"s claims are "without merit".Working out the cost of cybercrime is a devil of a job. The FTC and Wyndham are poles apart on their estimates of the effect of the credit-card thefts. Companies say they are under constant cyber-attack in ever more ingenious forms, but they are loth to say in public how often the raiders get through and how much damage they do—assuming that the breach is spotted. That suggests the damage is underreported. When they are speaking to the security services they may be more forthcoming, but will they be accurate? Companies might anyway have lost some of the business written off to cybercrime. In that case, Mr. Evans"s ￡800 million would be on the high side. In a report by Britain"s Cabinet Office last year, Detica, the software arm of BAE Systems, a defence company, put the cost of cybercrime to the country at a staggering ￡27 billion, or 1.8%of GDP. Businesses bore ￡21 billion, mostly because of the theft of secrets and industrial espionage. Lots of people doubted these numbers—including, it seems, the Ministry of Defence, which commissioned a study from a team led by Ross Anderson, a computer-security expert at Cambridge University.The team"s report, published this month, shies away from adding up totals, preferring to assess the costs of different types of crime in turn, but comes up with much lower figures—partly because it discounts Detica"s numbers for intellectual-property theft and espionage entirely, saying they have "no obvious foundation". Most of the cost of cybercrime, it concludes, is indirect, such as spending on antivirus software or other corporate defences. In other words, a lot goes on payments by one lot of businesses to another: the computer-security industry.That may be inevitable. Cyber-attacks are happening more often and are becoming more precisely targeted. Greg Day, the chief technology officer for security in the European business of Symantec, a computer-security firm, says that for years cybercrime was more or less "random", as crooks looked for any holes they could find anywhere. In the past couple of years, however, they have chosen their corporate targets more precisely. Symantec observed virtually no targeted attacks before Stuxnet, a worm that attacked industrial-control systems, appeared in 2010. Last December it spotted an average of 154 a day.The bad guys are increasingly using social media to try to find a way in, either by gathering intelligence or by befriending employees who may be tricked into opening an e-mail with nasty code within. People, a security-industry adage runs, are the weakest link. Training them to be careful may still be the best defence.A. acquired by the computer-security industry.B. speaking in public how much damage the cybercrime does.C. estimation of the effect of the credit-card thefts.D. letting out the clients" payment-card account numbers.E. Britain has invested a lot of money to prevent cybercrime.F. spent on antivirus software or other corporate defences diretly.G. cybercrime is more purposeful than before.（分数：10.00）(1).FTC sues Wyndham for（分数：2.00）(2).The FTC and Wyndham are different in（分数：2.00）(3).Britain"s Cabinet Office"s report shows that（分数：2.00）(4).Most of the cost of cybercrime is（分数：2.00）(5).Greg Day probably agrees that（分数：2.00）九、Section Ⅲ Translatio(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.Suddenly, as you may have noticed, millennials are everywhere. Not that this group of people born after 1980 and before 2000—a giant group now estimated to number at least 80 million Americans, more than the baby boom generation—was ever invisible. What"s changed is their status. Spoiled and helicoptered, catered to by 24-hour TV cable networks, fussed over by marketers and college recruiters, analyzed by psychologists, demographers and trend-spotters, the millennial generation has come fully into its own. The word "millennial," whether as noun or adjective, has monopolized the nonstop cultural conversation, invariably freighted with time spirit import. The New York Times is no exception. A recent search of The New York Times database turned up no fewer than 122 mentions of "millennial" so far in 2014, on topics ranging from TV and pop music to travel and literature.（分数：15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 十、Section Ⅳ Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)2.Directions:Suppose you have damaged your friend"s computer when you lived in his house a few days ago. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 十二、Part B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)3.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart, in your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语复习资料
在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语复习资料Part I DIALOGUE COMMUNICATION1.Scarlet: I’d like to buy a ticket to Detroit. Clerk: ________Scarlet: I am not sure. What is the difference?A.Round-trip or One- way?B. Go ahead.C. What can I do for you?D. Are you living in Detroit?2. Tommy: How is everything with you? John: _________A. And you?B. They are much better than you.C. Yeah, it’s beautiful.D. Can’t complain.3. Larry: Why not stray here a little longer?Marry: I’d love to, but I really have to go. Thank you for inviting me.Larry: ________A. Well, hope to see you again.B. On top of the world, thanks.C. Pleased to meet you.D. It is easy to get to your place.4. Larry: I hate the nasty weather in this season of the year.Amy: No wonder you look so depressed.Larry: Yeah, _________A. I can’t agree more.B. I feel under the weather.C. Thanks for saying that.D. It is none of your business.5. Janet: Can we talk for a second? Amy: _________Janet: Well, sort of. Yes.A. Sorry, I am busy at the moment.B. Where shall we meet?C. Sure, is there anything wrong?D. What can I do for you?6. Jamie: I am taking my final examination tomorrow.Lily: Oh, really? _________A. Congratulations!B. Good luck!C. You made it.D. May I help you?7. General Manager: I think that is all for the coffee break. Stop the jokes and let us carry onwith our discussion.Johnny: Okay. ________ General Manager: Next topic is about…..A. My pleasure.B. I am glad to hear that.C. Let’s get to the point.D. Cheers!8. Doctor: _________ Patient: I am a teacher for a train center.Doctor: Do you often get tired? Patient: Yes, sort of.A. Where do you work?B. How do you feel now?C. What is your job?D. What is your address?9. Jack: Would you mind passing me the paper for me, Henry?Henry: __________, here you are.A. Sure, my pleasureB. Yes, I mindC. I’d like to help, but I am afraid that I can notD. Not at all.10. John: Mary, this is Joe’s brother David. Mary: I’m very glad to meet you.David: It’s a pleasure to meet you. Mary: ________David: It’s really different from what I expected.John: Don’t worry. You’ll get used to it in no time.A. How is Joe?B. How do you like Florida so far?C. How are you doing so far?D. Would you like some tea?Part II VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE1.I was looking for the magazine the whole of yesterday morning. I forgot it to you.A. returnB. having returnedC. to returnD. to have returned2.He never hesitate to make criticisms are considered helpful to others.A. so … thatB. so … asC. such … thatD. such … as3.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics andbehavior central to this theory.A.isB. areC. has beenD. have been4.We can observe small things clearly under a microscope because it can make them appearlarger than .A.really they areB. they are reallyC. are they reallyD. they really are5.The news, though not wholly bad, was to that I could no longer concentrate on my work.A. disastrousB. anxiousC. regretfulD. disturbing6.Both family and the society ____exceptional children live are often the key to their growthand development.A. whichB. whatC. in whichD. that7. The old buildings blend with the new ones in perfect ____, so a walk along the street is anenjoyable discovery.A. harmonyB. orderC. controlD. action8. I would rather not part with the painting than ____ them to someone who does not appreciatethem.A. sellB. soldC. to sellD. selling9. Permanent capital, when needed and in the desired quantities, is often the hardest for a firm to____.A. acquireB. accumulateC. achieveD. account10. Little ____ a year ago that I would be studying here today in Britain.A. I thoughtB. thought IC. I did thinkD. did I think11. The objectives of science are ____ the discovery and the subsequent understanding of theunknown.A. uniquelyB. primarilyC. obviouslyD. namely12. With the gradual improvement of transportation and communications, farmers have now hadeasier ____ to cities and towns.A. accessB. reachC. approachD. touch13. ____, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident.A. Felt threatenedB. Feeling threatenedC. Felt threateningD. Feeling threatening14. It is argued that the type of production method which is ____ depends on the development ofan individual company.A. encounteredB. enforcedC. employedD. estimated15. Scientists claim that air pollution causes a ____ in the world’s average air temperature.A. disasterB. declineC. deficitD. density16. ____ was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers.A. Many old firmsB. A many old firmC. Many old firmD. Many an old firm17. The whole embarrassing ____ in the bar was a great disappointment to them and set a badexample of English hospitality.A. incidentB. accidentC. thingD. matter18. The mineral elements from the soil that are usably by the plant must be ____ in the soilsolution before they can be taken into root.A. meltedB. mixedC. dissolvedD. discharged19. Nuclear Power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be ____ in one word:radiation.A. summed upB. made upC. taken upD. put up20. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ____ to the outside world.A. being lostB. having lostC. losingD. lost21. ____ American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, infact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do their Japanese or German firms.A. WhenB. WhileC. IfD. Because22. Today in the U.S. there are many charitable organizations which ____ in helping the wearytravelers.A. specializeB. engageC. operateD. manage23. Of course, speaking a language does not ____ mean that someone understands social andcultural patterns.A. significantlyB. inevitablyC. necessarilyD. enormously24. The opinions, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions totheir ignorance, lack of responsibility, ____ outdated.A. isB. areC. wasD. were25. With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most ____ issue across the UnitedStates today is the death penalty.A. influentialB. controversialC. conventionalD. essential26. Bob is immensely curious about everything and as eager to find the answers as if he ____dealing with the subject for the first time.A. isB. beC. wasD. were27. Those who support the “nature”side of the conflict believe that our ____ and behaviorpatterns are largely determined by biological factors.A. personalitiesB. characteristicsC. abilitiesD. qualifications28. Anyone closely involved in patens and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, ____,as old as the hills.A. in factB. in a wordC. in a senseD. in short29. After a year or two the harvest begins to get smaller and smaller because the plant food in thesoil has been ____.A. worn outB. left outC. used upD. pulled out30. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, ____ the unpaidwork of the home and family to his wife.A. leaveB. to leaveC. leavingD. left31. In the United States there is no ____: the president must approve the bill if Congress passes it.A. alternationB. alternativeC. selectionD. elective32. Many people are used to ____ in the crisp morning air throughout the year, regardless of theweather.A. jogB. joggingC. being joggedD. to be jogged33. Did you notice the ____ on the man’s face when he heard the Kino had found the pearl of theworld?A. appearanceB. expressionC. descriptionD. look34. The job as a police officer is ____ accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned,to impose it on themselves.A. imposingB. of imposingC. to imposeD. for imposing35. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have ____ strategies to pull customers into sites.A. figured outB. laid downC. approved ofD. focused on36. Since the gate ____ for another flight, our aircraft was backed away from the terminal, andwere directed to a new gate.A. neededB. needsC. being neededD. was needed37. We are interested in the weather because it ____ us so directly----what we wear, what we do,and even how we feel.A. affectsB. effectsC. impactsD. guides38. Tom was connecting wires to a complicated type of electric plug, ____ requires a good deal ofpatience.A. thatB. a task whichC. about whichD. the thing that39. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays forthe message to be ____.A. differedB. referredC. deliveredD. offered40. It is the nine year from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first ____ the protective andrestrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. of which41. The Internet can make it easier to explore distant cultures or to keep your finger on the ____ ofthe global economy.A. lineB. pulseC. questionD. fact42. If a (n) ____ causes any troubling side effect, talk to your doctor immediately about stopping it.A. diseaseB. illnessC. drugD. injection43. Researchers around the world are discovering that music can help healing in a ____ of ways.A. varietyB. thousand and oneC. wonderD. type44. Life expectancy at birth in the Western world ____ a mere 45 years at the beginning of the 20thcentury to over 75 years at the dawn of the 21st century.A. grew out ofB. grew atC. grew onD. grew from45. In recent years, social critics have claimed that workers are ____ far more time on the job thanthey used to.A. putting inB. putting upC. putting outD. putting to46. On Jan.1, 2002, twelve European Union countries introduced euro coins and notes, ____ 300million people began to use the same money.A. what means thatB. which means thatC. that means thatD. where means that47. For economic policymakers across the globe, the coming year ____ unusually difficultchallenges.A. would presentB. must presentC. will presentD. present48. Sometimes it takes the eye of the artist or the poet to show us what we have been looking at allalong but not ____.A. watchingB. looking toC. seenD. seeing49. Faulkner’s links to northern Mississippi are still apparent ____ the fact that his mother’s housein Oxford was eventually sold and turned into a Chevron station.A. despiteB. despite ofC. in spiteD. despise50. Global population is ____ to grow from nearly 6 billion today to 8.5 billion by the year of2025.A. expectB. to expectedC. expectedD. to be expect51. Over the past century ____, physical work has become easier, and work has become less physical.A. as wholeB. as a wholeC. in generallyD. as wholes52. After World War II, the workday shrank to eight hours and ____ got weekends off.A. the most AmericansB. most of AmericaC. most the AmericansD. most Americans53. After his daughter goes to sleep, Angus goes back to work ____ phone calls for about twohours on a typical evening.A. talkingB. makingC. acceptingD. speaking54. Since 1970, average living space in America has nearly doubled in size to more than 800square feet ___ person.A. perB. forC. toD. one55. In every period of far-reaching economic change, the people who master the new ways beforeothers reap the lion’s share of the ____.A. awardsB. rewardingC. awardingD. rewards56. Not surprisingly, the big winner today work in the high-tech ____ economy, which is growingat roughly 10 times the rate of the older industrial economy.A. informationB. informationalC. information C. confirmation57. Some economists say that the gap in wealth and income is a problem that will eventually ____itself.A. take care ofB. takes care ofC. taking care ofD. taken care of58. Education experts argue endlessly about the relative ____ of school and family environments.A. imageB. inferenceC. importanceD. conference59. Few people think of retailing as an industry on the cutting-edge of the Information Revolution,but in the world of information technology, that secret has been out ____.A. for long timeB. for long timesC. long for time C. for a long time60. Customers who buy suitcases are likely to be looking for other items they might need fortraveling too, ____ travel alarms and irons.A. such thatB. such asC. as suchD. for as61. A car begins to become less in ____ as soon as it is bought.A. costB. priceC. valueD. sale62. He was told to get off the bus because he couldn’t pay the ____.A. billB. journeyC. travelD. fare63. I’ll try as hard as I can but I don’t think I have much ____ of winning the game.A. chanceB. luckC. fortuneD. occasion64. After entering the classroom, the teacher ____ his books on the teacher’s desk.A. laidB. layC. lainD. lied65. This plant needs a lot of sunshine, and it will die if it ____ light.A. avoidsB. losesC. lacksD. denies66. I am ____ that no one is more ignorant than the person who has no wish to learn.A. believedB. confirmedC. convincedD. supposed67. The policeman, ____ his eyes round the room but saw nothing unusual.A. threwB. touchedC. fixedD. centered68. Modern science has the tendency to ____ what have seemed to be barriers in space and time.A. exhibitB. restoreC. leakD. ignore69. She is ____ dark glasses to protect her eyes from the sun.A. carryingB. puttingC. bearingD. wearing70. We are glad to see that the newly designed engine has increased the racing speed ____.A. completelyB. comparativelyC. consequentlyD. considerably71. Isn’t this the same kind of computer ____ in used in your laboratory?A. as itB. suchC. thatD. as72. Either you or your assistant ____ to check the examination results.A. haveB. hasC. areD. will73. I ____ philosophy in this college for one and a half years.A. studyB. studiedC. am studyingD. have been studying74. The employees’ insistent demands that their basic wages ____ increased were denied time andagain.A. wereB. must beC. beD. are to be75. ____ for the electronic computer, we couldn’t have solved such complex problems in a shorttime.A. If it was notB. Were it notC. Should it not beD. Had it not been76. The new temple was rebuilt a year ago on the base of an old one, which was said ____ in a bigfire.A. being destroyedB. to be destroyedC. having been destroyedD. to have been destroyed77. The pilot ordered the baggage ____ out of the plane as it ran into a cold current.A. throwB. to throwC. throwingD. to be thrown78. The school authority has made it clear that all the junior students ____ part in the contests ofcomputer operation.A. takeB. tookC. are to takeD. are taking79. We can find no life on the moon because of ____ neither air nor water on it.A. it hasB. its havingC. it’s havingD. its not having80. You’d better drive within the speed limit; otherwise you’d risk ____ for speeding.A. finingB. finesC. being finedD. to be fined81. The top post in the Olympic Games Bidding Committee is still ____.A. emptyB. vacantC. vainD. valid82. Today surgery is more concerned with repairing and ____ functions than with the removal oforgans.A. redesigningB. reviewingC. restoringD. reserving83. What do you think is the most ____ time to find him at home?A. alikeB. likingC. likeD. likely84. Because she had an important thing to do, she ____ the invitation with thanks.A. refusedB. rejectedC. declinedD. repelled85. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ____ of vegetables in the coming year.A. scarcityB. varietyC. rarityD. invalidity86. I must remind you that your new post ____ considerable responsibilities with it.A, supports B. carriesC. burdensD. sustains87. ____, his theories created a lot of controversy in scientific circles, but now they’re widelyaccepted.A. OriginallyB. InitiallyC. PrimarilyD. Primitively88. It is possible to ____ two completely opposite conclusions from this set of facts.A. implyB. suggestC. inferD. hint89. All human communication experts agree that we use both verbal and non-verbal methods to____ messages to each other.A. transferB. passC. shiftD. convey90. The lecture hall has a seating ____ of more than 500 people.A. abilityB. capacityC. capabilityD. facility91. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ____ to the outside world.A. having lostB. being lostC. losingD. lost92. These goods are sold at reduced prices, ____.A. the defects are pointed out to the customersB. the defects pointed out to the customersC. the defects have been pointed out to the customersD. the defects being pointed out to the customers93. ____ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development ofproduction.A. WhatB. ItC. AsD. That94. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, ____ could gopenniless by next year.A. the larger of whichB. the larger oneC. the largest of whichD. the largest one95. ______ the financial means to remain independent, Thomas Edison was compelled to seekemployment as a night telegraph operator.A. That he was deprived ofB. Deprived ofC. He was deprived ofD. Although he was deprived of96. For my own part, it seems that the main requirement of an international language is that it____.A. will be easily learnedB. is easily learnedC. would be easily learnedD. be easily learned97. It is because she is too inexperienced ____ she does not know how to deal with the situation.A. thatB. whichC. soD. so that98. The government is believed to be considering ____ a law making it a crime to import any kindof weapon.A. to have passedB. passingC. to passD. having passed99. Basic research provides the capital fund of scientific knowledge, ____ the applied researchersdraw to give society a rich rate of interest.A. to whichB. on whichC. up whichD. out which100. Nowhere else in China ____ more beautiful scenery than in Kunming.A. you can findB. you have foundC. can you findD. have you found101. We will have the class picnic____ the weather isn’t very nice.A. even thoughB. whenC. no matter howD. despite102. Miss Li ____ lives in Hong Kong. She moved to Taiwan.A. doesn’t any moreB. no longerC. doesn’t any longerD. doesn’t103. ____ your budget, keep a careful record of each dollar you spend every day.A. FollowB. To followC. FollowingD. Followed104. I don’t believe ____ who have failed.A. that is weB. this is weC. if we areD. that it is we105. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar _____ write correctly.A. you willB. you canC. can youD. can’t you106. A huge military force is maintained to protect citizens ____ enemies.A. forB. ofC. againstD. with107. Have you ever wondered ____?A. how did these people get their names on the ballot?B. how these people got their names on the ballot?C. how have these people got their names on the ballot?D. how these people get their names on the ballot?108. Without these achievements, the opening of the West ____.A. couldn’t occurB. can’t have occurredC. couldn’t have occurredD. can’t occur109. While we usually think ____ the library as a place with books, it is really a source of much more.A. ofB. aboutC. inD. for110. The kind of weather problems people dace ____ largely on where they live.A. dependingB. dependedC. dependD. depends111. This is the best article ____ has been written on the subject.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. it112. He told us that his father ___ to his office when he arrived.A. just whenB. has just goneC. had just goneD. were just gone113. Her parents punished her ____ her impoliteness to the guests.A. inB. forC. ofD. towards114. Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the ____ areas of the countryside.A. surroundingB. buildingC. consideringD. improving115. I didn’t like his offer so I turned it ____.A. awayB. offC. downD. out116. He ____ that there will be an earthquake in this area in the next few years.A. addictsB. indicatesC. predicatesD. contradicts117. You did not say you were present, but words ____ that you were.A. appliedB. impliedC. repliedD. complied118. It is the ____ in English law to consider a person as not guilty until he has been proved guilty.A. practiceB. habitC. customD. way119. When judging his performance, don’t ____ his age.A. put account ofB. take account ofC. give account ofD. consider account of120. While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded ____ the nurse Florence Nightingale.A. in line withB. in favor ofB. on honor of D. in honor of121. The drug also stops ____ and checks bleeding, and may help bring sleep.A. coughingB. to coughC. coughsD. on coughing122. In addition to his money, Onassis offered Jackie something equally ____: a new last name.A. valuableB. worthyC. expensiveD. costly123. Lack of preparation ____ some students to do poorly on exams; text anxiety can also be a factor.A. have causedB. causeC. causingD. causes124. Medical advances have fueled consumer demand for complex ____ and expensive new drugs.A. surgeryB. surgeonC. superstitionD. superior125. It is ____ that we keep discussing this issue, listening to different viewpoints, deciding what we believe.A. virtueB. violentC. visualD. vital126. The tooth that is being extracted by the dentist ____ me for some time.A. has hurtB. has been hurtingC. is hurtingD. hurts127. I’m only a housewife. I wish ____ a famous movie star.A. I wasB. I amC. I wereD. I will be128. This is the only shirt left today, if you don’t want to take ____, you may come tomorrow.A. anyB. itC. oneD. another129. Japan has more electricity than it knows ____ but everything else is very dear.A. what to do withB. what to doC. how to do itD. which to use130. ____ companion shopping is a necessary part of the buying process, wise money managers look for differences in quality as well as price.A. SinceB. UnlessC. HoweverD. Except131. All the restaurants ____ when they arrived, they had to go to bed hungry.A. have closedB. had been closedC. were closedD. having been closed132. In France expensive diagnostic tests have become ____ for many illnesses.A. habitB. customC. inventionD. routine133. There is ____ evidence that a low-fat diet can help prevent heart disease.A. protectiveB. persuasiveC. persistentD. preservative134. Reynolds ____ the new model improve on the old in some obvious ways.A. ClaimsB. talksC. pronouncesD. inquires135. Scientists fear the loss of the prime ____ male could wipe out an entire panda population.A. breedingB. livingC. feedingD. working136. Some students chose to write a term paper, ____ chose to take the final exam.A. somebody elseB. the otherC. and othersD. but another137. Graduating seniors are ideal ____ for enrollment in the armed services.A. monitorsB. customersC. parametersD. candidates138. Maggie admits that when she was a working mother, she felt ____ guilt at being away from her children.A. maximumB. tremendousC. hugeD. giant139. The doctor’s task was to get this couple to acknowledge that a ____ existed and had been there for most of their fifteen-year marriage.A. disadvantageB. conflictC. oppositionD. ignorance140. Several students were surprised to learn that instructors expect two to three hours of study for each hour ____ in class.A. spendingB. spentC. to spendD. to have spent141. Lack of preparation ____ some students to do poorly on exams; test anxiety can also be a factor.A. have causedB. causeC. causingD. causes142. Mr. Smith has no idea about what ____in his room when he was out yesterday.A. had happenedB. was happenedC. has happenedD. happened143. Mr. Green holds a position in this company ____ Mr. Black’s.A. more junior thanB. seniorer thanC. more senior than C. junior to144. Sonia broke her leg in two places. ____, she had to wear a cast and use crutched for three months.A. In as much asB. ConsequentlyC. For thatD. Because145. W: ____ the application come in to have the job interview, sir?M: Wait a minute, please.A. ShallB. WillC. WouldD. Ought to146. It’s important that you ____ realistic about the possible downsides of office romance.A. would beB. areC. may beD. be147. The government planned ____ the housing problem ____ by last year but failed to do so.A. to have… solvedB. having… solvingC. to have had…solvedD. to have had…solving148. Scientists are working on ____ components for mobile telephones.A. radiation-reducingB. radiation-reduceC. radiation-reducedD. radiation-reducible149. M: May I take this dictionary out of the reading room?W: No, you _____.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t150. So fast ____ that it is difficult for the kids to keep pace with her.A. the teacher walksB. does the teacher walkC. the teacher walkingD. walks the teacher151. Mary later became a (n) ____ of some importance in the academic world.A. figureB. adultC. beingD. character152. The police let him go, because they didn’t find him guilty _____ criminal acts.A. ofB. inC. overD. on153. The minister has a talent for talking to ordinary people if they were his ____.A. levelB. fellowsC. counterpartsD. equals154. They _____ a telephone in their new house soon after they moved in.A. equippedB. installedC. builtD. billed155. While auto safety is a continuing public concern, most Americans seem ____ or unwilling to do much about guns.A. illiterateB. enthusiasticC. indifferentD. impatient156. It is surprising how many fairy tales deal with the ____ of being eaten by an animal or by a wicked person.A. threatB. anxietyC. evilD. chance157. There would have been no triumph in success, had there been no ____ of failure.A. hazardB. prosperityC. opportunityD. possibility158. The changed IELTS oral test since July 1 this year ____ three main parts—oral interview, free talk and discussion, which will ____ candidates’fluency, coherence, vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation.A. comprises… measureB. is comprised… revealC. is made up of… proveD. composes of … test159. We must get rid of this large table, for it ____ too much room.A. takes outB. takes upC. takes awayD. takes down160. As I forgot to place the fish in the icebox yesterday, it has ____ now.A. gone outB. gone downC. gone offD. gone awayPart III READING COMPREHENSIONPassage OneFear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really。
MBA英语考试复习
(2) Industry policy The national government identifies key domestic industries critical to the country’s future economic growth, and then formulates programs that promote their competitiveness.
(3) Maintenance of existing jobs Well-established firms and their workers, particularly in high-wage countries, are often threatened by imports from low-wage countries.
Barriers to international trade (1) Tariffs ad valorem fixed tariff
(2) Non-tariff barriers characteristic: A. Flexibility B. Validity C. Discriminately
Contract Manufacturing - advantages
Low financial risks Minimise resources devoted to manufacturing Focus firm’s resources on other elements of the value chain Avoid tariffs, barriers to trade, restrictions on foreign investment
FDI - Disadvantages
2023年在职硕士《英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2023年在职硕士《英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The company issues an annual report every March.A.a yearlyB. a comprehensiveC. a financialD.a product2.【单选题】Communication is one of the most important bonds that hold cultural systems together.A.obligationsB.qualitiesC. linksD. needs3.【单选题】Formerly , in the United States, many nurses worked as private duty nurses rather than in hospitals.A.PreviouslyB. StrictlyC. OfficiallyD. Periodically4.【单选题】One of the greatest breakthroughs for professional women came in 1973 when the field of banking opened up for them.A. most serious disappointmentsB.most significant advancesC. most abrupt declinesD. most crucial situations5.【单选题】Some children display an unquenchable 难以抑制的curiosity about every new thing they encounter.A.insatiable 贪的无厌的B. inherentC.indiscriminate 不加选择的D. incredible6.【单选题】In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity, and age should be taken into account.A. numberedB. stabilizedC. contrastedD.considered7.【单选题】In 1974 Henry Aaron broke Babe Ruth's monumental lifetime record of 714 home runs.A.archaic(old, antique)B. degrading (discredit)C.outstandingD.entire8.【单选题】Despite the proliferation of other faster modes of transportation, the railroads remain the largest carriers of intercity freight in the United States.A.schemesB. meansC.tracksD. variables9.【单选题】The wheels of the first road vehicles were fashioned from crude stone disks.A.hand-carvedB.roughly madeC. flatD. heavy10.【单选题】Mary McCarthy s satires 讽刺文学are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.A.fusedB.prefacedC. standardizedD. expressed11.【单选题】The economy of Dallas, Texas, is strong and diversified .A.inflatedB. stableC. variedD.well-regulated12.【单选题】An oversight 遗漏(miss, overslaugh) in proofreading often results in printed errors.A.An inconsistencyB. A discriminationC. A blotchD.An inattention13.【单选题】In literature, caricatures讽刺画usually contain verbal exaggeration through which the writer achieves comic and often satiric 讽刺effects.A. banter 取笑(tease)B. humorC. interactionD. overstatement14.【单选题】While Billie Holiday did not invent the music called "the blues", she most assuredly helped popularize it.A. finallyB.certainlyC.earnestlyD.enthusiastically15.【单选题】Blue－green algae grow abundantly in salt marshes.A. primarilyB.slowlyC.on plants(cultivate)D. in great numbers16.【单选题】Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A. emphatically statedB. belligerently(aggressively) arguedC. accentuated(emphasize)D. entreated 恳求（implore, plea, invoke ）17.【单选题】With the acquisition of smaller companies by larger ones, the 1960's saw a wave of new conglomerates.A. surgeB.handfulC. suspensionD. dissolution 分解18.【单选题】Some animals pant and sweat to speed evaporation of body moisture and thus cool themselves.A.wiggle 摆动slowlyB. breathe quicklyC. restD.perspire19.【单选题】The Salk vaccine is a major factor in the fight to eradicate polio.pletely destroyB. carefully disguiseC. sustainD. contain20.【单选题】How many people are aware that a dancer with the New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A.onlyB. exactlyC. at leastD.fewer than第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.A.strangeB. certainC.inconsistentD. proper2.【单选题】The first paper was made from the bark of the mulberry tree.A. dried woodB. outer coveringC.syrup(sirup)D. root3.【单选题】Some cosmetics manufacturers attempt to capture the rose's unmistakable fragrance香味in soaps and perfumes.A.designB.textureC. scentD. freshness4.【单选题】Comets are still regarded with awe by some people.A. wonderB.concernC.resentmentD.detachment5.【单选题】Bats fly, rather than glide, and thus are the only mammals capable of true flight.A.straightB. safeC.realD.rapid6.【单选题】With lasers scientists can probe many physical processes, such as combustion, once beyond our ken.视野A. understandingB. responsibilityC.interpretationD. notice7.【单选题】The megaphone(microphone) makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.A.slitheringB.radiatingC. interferingD. murmuring8.【单选题】By the nineteenth century, embroidery on men's clothing had virtually disappeared except for the occasional decorative vest and tie.A. almostB. definitelyC.alreadyD.universally9.【单选题】Urban renewal programs strive to upgrade areas that are becoming slums.A.reproachB. improveC.fortifyD.uproot10.【单选题】Cream of tartar 酒石, a weak acid, can be added to egg whites to help them foam泡沫when they are beatenA.whippedB. agedC.boiledD.cracked11.【单选题】Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan原生动物flagellates 鞭毛虫, flatworms 扁形虫, and segmented worms片段蠕虫.A.hostile-lookingB.perceptiveC. primitiveD.strangely formed12.【单选题】Food must be moist in order to have a taste.A.appetizing(delicious)B. nutritiousC. dampD. chewed13.【单选题】The controls of most modern airplanes can be operated either manually or automatically.A.by the bookB.by a mapC. by logicD. by hand14.【单选题】The first important exposition in the United States was held in Philadelphia in 1876.A.exhibitionB. concertC. excursionD.contest15.【单选题】Double Eagle in the first transatlantic balloon, was greeted by avid crowds in France.A.eagerB.surgingC.appreciativeD.vigorous16.【单选题】People who do not sleep enough tend to become irritable .A.easily annoyedB. illC. wearyD.stiff and sore17.【单选题】Although the Carbon 14 method of dating old objects is not foolproof , it is the best method available at presentA.wholly operationalB.entirely serviceableC.fully reliablepletely safe18.【单选题】Insect pests are among the leading causes of crop failure.A.expectedB. chiefC. naturalD. least19.【单选题】Solid geometry has enabled astronomers to calculate the positions of the heavenly bodies relative to one another.A. on top ofB.next toC.in spite ofD. with respect to20.【单选题】The Native American interpreter Sacajawea was a valuable member of the Lewis and dark expedition in 1805.A.very friendlyB. very usefulC. very thoughtful.D.very wealthy第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：A2.正确答案：C3.正确答案：A4.正确答案：B5.正确答案：A6.正确答案：D7.正确答案：C8.正确答案：B9.正确答案：B10.正确答案：D11.正确答案：C12.正确答案：D13.正确答案：D14.正确答案：B15.正确答案：D16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：A18.正确答案：D19.正确答案：A20.正确答案：C第2卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：B2.正确答案：B3.正确答案：C4.正确答案：A5.正确答案：C6.正确答案：A7.正确答案：B8.正确答案：A9.正确答案：B10.正确答案：A11.正确答案：C12.正确答案：C13.正确答案：D14.正确答案：A15.正确答案：A16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：C18.正确答案：B19.正确答案：D20.正确答案：B。
mba管理类联考 英语2
mba管理类联考英语2
MBA管理类联考英语2主要考察的是考生的英语阅读、写作和翻译能力。
阅读部分通常包括完形填空、阅读理解、翻译等题型。
写作部分主要包括小作文和大作文。
翻译部分则主要考察对英语句子的理解和表达能力。
要准备MBA管理类联考英语2，可以采取以下策略：
1. 背单词：选择考研词汇和考研核心词汇，反复背诵。
2. 阅读训练：通过阅读历年真题和模拟题，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
可以先从简单的文章开始，逐渐提高难度。
3. 写作训练：练习小作文和大作文的写作，学习并掌握写作的套路和技巧。
4. 翻译训练：通过翻译历年真题和模拟题，提高翻译准确性和表达能力。
5. 做真题：多做历年真题和模拟题，熟悉考试题型和考试节奏。
6. 跟随老师学习：可以选择跟随一些专业的老师学习，如蒋军虎等。
7. 制定合理的学习计划：根据自己的实际情况，制定合理的学习计划，坚持学习。
在考试中，要注意以下几点：
1. 控制答题时间：合理安排时间，确保所有题目都能完成。
2. 先易后难：先做简单的题目，再做复杂的题目。
3. 审题清楚：仔细阅读题目，理解题目要求。
4. 答题技巧：运用答题技巧，如快速定位、排除法等。
5. 保持冷静：遇到困难时，保持冷静，不要慌张。
mba研究生英语考试真题及答案
mba研究生英语考试真题及答案MBA Graduate English Exam Questions and AnswersThe MBA Graduate English Exam is a crucial part of the application process for many business schools. It assesses a candidate's proficiency in English, which is essential for success in an MBA program. To help you prepare for the exam, here are some sample questions along with their answers.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow:Passage:The rapid advancement of technology has transformed the way we do business. With the advent of the internet and smartphones, companies can now reach customers around the globe with ease. This has led to increased competition and the need for businesses to adapt quickly to changing market trends.Question 1: According to the passage, what has transformed the way we do business?Answer: The rapid advancement of technology.Question 2: How has technology impacted businesses?Answer: Technology has enabled companies to reach customers around the globe with ease.Question 3: Why do businesses need to adapt quickly to changing market trends?Answer: Due to increased competition.Section 2: WritingWrite an essay on the following topic:"The importance of innovation in the business world."Answer:Innovation plays a crucial role in the success of businesses in today's competitive market. Companies that are able to innovate and develop new products and services are more likely to stay ahead of their competitors and meet the changing needs of customers. Innovation also helps businesses improve efficiency, reduce costs, and drive growth. Therefore, it is essential for businesses to foster a culture of innovation to thrive in the ever-evolving business world.Section 3: GrammarCorrect the following sentences:1. He is the more intelligent person I know.Answer: He is the most intelligent person I know.2. Neither John nor Peter is going to the conference.Answer: Neither John nor Peter are going to the conference.3. I have never been to Japan before.Answer: I have never been to Japan.Section 4: VocabularyMatch the words with their definitions:1. EntrepreneurAnswer: a person who starts a business and takes on financial risks2. InflationAnswer: a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money3. Market ResearchAnswer: the action or activity of gathering information about consumers' needs and preferencesSection 5: ListeningListen to the audio clip and answer the following questions:Question 1: What is the speaker's opinion on the impact of globalization on businesses?Answer: The speaker believes that globalization has opened up new opportunities for businesses.Question 2: What is the main challenge identified by the speaker in the global business environment?Answer: The speaker mentions increased competition as a major challenge for businesses.Overall, the MBA Graduate English Exam aims to assess a candidate's language skills and ability to understand and analyze business-related content. By practicing with sample questions like the ones provided above, you can improve your performance on the exam and increase your chances of being admitted to your desired MBA program. Good luck!。
mba在职考试英语真题及答案解析
mba在职考试英语真题及答案解析MBA是“Master of Business Administration”的缩写，即工商管理硕士。
在当今竞争激烈的商业环境中，MBA学位被许多人认为是提升职业发展的有效途径。
然而，为了获得这一学位，学生需要通过一系列考试，其中英语考试是其中之一。
下面将讨论一些真题及其答案解析，帮助考生更好地准备考试。
第一题是阅读理解，题目为：“消费者行为分析对企业的重要性”。
这个题目考察了考生对市场营销领域的了解程度。
正确答案是选项B：“消费者行为分析可以帮助企业更好地理解和满足顾客需求，从而提高市场份额和盈利能力。
”这个答案强调了消费者行为分析在企业营销战略中的关键作用，帮助企业更好地把握市场机会。
接下来是逻辑推理题目：“如果公司要在市场上保持竞争优势，应该注重哪些因素？”正确答案是选项D：“产品质量、创新能力、市场营销策略和供应链管理。
”这个答案提供了多个关键因素，说明了保持竞争优势需要全方位的考虑。
第三题是语法题：“I wish I ________ more time to spend with my family.”正确答案是选项A：“had”。
这个题目考察了对虚拟语气的掌握，使用了“wish”从句的特殊结构。
第四题是写作题：“描述一个领导力的例子，并解释其重要性。
”这个题目要求考生运用自己的思考和经验，撰写一个关于领导力的例子，并解释其重要性。
考生可以描述一个自己亲身经历过的领导者，或者提到一个有影响力的领导者的例子，然后解释他们对组织或团队的重要作用。
这个题目展示了考生的思考能力和应用能力。
MBA在职考试英语部分的题目涵盖了从理论到实践的广泛领域，考察了考生的商业思维、语言运用和逻辑推理能力。
通过对这些真题及其答案的解析，考生可以更好地理解考试内容，有针对性地准备考试。
最后，值得注意的是，准备MBA考试不仅仅依赖于做题，还需要广泛阅读商业相关的书籍和文章，培养专业知识和商业思维能力。
有关在职MBA联考英语试题和答案解析
有关在职MBA联考英语试题和答案解析Part I Structure and Vocabulary （20%）Directions： There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part . For each sentence there are four choices marked A ， B ， C and D . Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence . Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pecil.1.all we can do to help ``Big Jim‘’ is to try___ that he ought to work more.A. making him to realizeB. making him realizingC. to make him to realizeD. to make him realize2. Mr. Jones told me the other day that the Board of Directors ______ to put Peter in char ge of the worker.A. decidedB. has decidedC. have decidedD. had decided3. Every means _____but without much result.A. have been tried .B. has been triedC. have triedD. has tried4. Generally speaking， people should have_____ as their desires will allow.A. much education asB. as much educationC. as less educationD. little education5. It‘s time we______ away with our shabby shelf.A. didB. doC. have doneD. shall do6. ``What a beautiful ring！“”Never____ such a big diamond. ，，A. have seen IB.I have seenC. have seenD. I haven‘t seen7 .______ about the robbery， the policemen rushed out in their cars to catch the robbers.A. Having been informedB. Having informedC. InformingD. Be informed8. Professor Knight，_____ list of achievements includes two Nobel Prizes， will address the meeting tonight.A. whoB. thatC. whoseD. whom9. John‘s score on the test is the highest in the group； he_____ last night.A. should have studiedB. must have studiedC. has studiedD. should study10. All things_____ ， her paper is of great value.A. considerB. having consideredC. consideredD. considering11 . Jack_____ to the manager for the mistakes he had made.A. excusedB. pardonedC. forgaveD. apologized12 .______ scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.A. LateB. LaterC. LatterD. Lately13. This watch is_____ to all the other watches on the market.A. superiorB. advantageousC. superD. beneficial14. Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally less expensive when they are in _____.A. saleB. needC. seasonD. time15 . We can surely________ all difficulties that may come up.A. get onB. come overC. get overD. come across16. He_______ very quickly after his illness.A. recoveredB. discoveredC. uncoveredD. covered17. The designing of a satellite in the heavenly environmentis________ an easy job.A. by all meansB. by any meansC by every means D. by no means18. The good harvest_______ the price of strawberries.A. brought downB. cut outC. arose fromD. added to19. Most great artists are exceptionally________ people.A. sensitizedB. sensitiveC. senselessD. sensory20. He came back later，______ which time they had left.A. afterB. byC. from D forpartⅡReading Comprehension（50%）Directions ： There are 4 passages in this part . Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements . For each of them there are four choices marked A ， B ， C and D . You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil .Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage：In recent years， many Americans of both sexes and various ages have become interested in improving their bodies. They have become devoted to physical fitness. The need to exercise has almost become compulsive with many persons who have a strong desire to ‘be more physically fit.By nature， Americans are enthusiastic and energetic about their hobbies and pastimes. They apply this enthusiasm， and energy to jogging/running. As a result， there are running clubs to join and many books and magazines to read about running.The desire to be physically fit is explained by a ``passion‘’ for good health. The high rate of heart attacks in the 1960s caused an increase on the part of the public in improving the human body. Middle-aged men especially suffer from heart attacks. Thus， they are one group strongly interested in more physical exercise. In[1][2][3][4][5]下一页[1][2][3][4][5]下一页97年在职MBA联考英语试题和答案fact， many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active， especially those who have sedentary jobs. it is interesting to note that the rate of heart attacks began to decrease in the 1970s and it is still decreasing. Physical fitness currently enjoys a favored role in the United States. It is a new ``love‘’ that many Americans have cherished. Will it last long？ Only time can tell—— or until another ``new passion“comes along.21. In recent years， many Americans have become interested in improving their bodies because _________.A. they are enthusiastic about their hobbies and pastimesB. they have a strong desire to be more physically fitC. there are many running clubs to joinD. there are many books and magazines to read about running22. The passage implies that _____is a great favorite of many Americans， men and women， old and young.A. jogging/runningB. joining running clubs .C. reading books and magazines about runningD. going in for all kinds of sports23. Middle-aged men suffering from heart attacks .A. are compulsive joggersB. are encouraged by their doctors to go in for jogging/runningC. are interested in taking more physical exerciseD. are enthusiastic and energetic about hobbies and pastimes24 . In the sentence u in fact ， many doctors encourage their patients to become more physically active， especially those who have sedentary jobs‘’， the word “sedentary‘’ means_______A. involving physical workB. needing much sittingC. energy-consumingD. sleep-producing . ，25. According to the passage， will the love for physical exercise last long for Americans？A. Yes.B. NO.C. Somebody can tell.D. It is hard to tell.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage：Many people think there is need to take special care over home security.“I‘m all right， I’m insured. ”Maybe if you‘re fully insured. Even then you can never recover the real value you place upon your possessions. But you can’t insure against the upset and unhappiness that we all feel if our homes are seriously damaged by some stranger， our windows and doors smashed， our precious possessions ruined.“It won‘t happen to me.’‘Won‘t it？ A home is broken into almost every minute of the day. Thefts of all kinds， including cars and property stolen， happen twice as frequently.“I ‘ve nothing worth stealing.”You may think not. But in fact every one has something worth a thief ‘s attention. And we all have things of special value to us even if they’re` worth little or nothing in cash terms.“I‘m only a tenant（房客） here.”The thief doesn‘t care whether you’re a tenant or an owner-occupier. You‘re just as likely to be robbed. Have a word with the owner of the house if you think extra locks and fastenings are necessary.“They‘ll get in any way.”Most thieves are always looking for easy jobs. They are soon discouraged by houses they can‘t get into quickly and easily. So it’s worth taking care.This booklet will help you——it‘s based on the practical experience of police forces throughout the country. Most of the suggestions will costyou only a few minutes extra time and thought. A few may involve some expense ，but this is small compared with the loss and unhappiness you might otherwise suffer. If you are in doubt， ask for free advice from the Crime Prevention Officer at your local police station .26. Why should you still worry about protecting your possessions when you have insured them？ .A. You tend to undervalue your possessions.B. You cannot insure against any damage to property.C. A robbery can ruin your happiness at home.D. It takes a long time to recover all your money.27 . What should a tenant do if he is worried about the security of his home？A. Fit new locks on all the doors.B. Discuss the matter with the owner.C. Complain to the police.D. Increase his own insurance.28. The advertisement says that most thieves________ .A. prefer stealing from officesB. like causing a lot of damageC. will break in anywhere they want to.D. are discouraged by good security arrangements29. It seems that many people think that ____.A. the police will protect them from thieves . -B. their houses ought to be more secureC. thieves will not choose to steal from themD. thieves only steal from house-owners30. This advertisement for a booklet aims to influence people who_______ .A. have had their houses broken intoB. are not properly insuredC. are afraid of what thieves might doD. have not thought much about securityQuestions 3I to35 are based on the following passage：One silly question I simply cannot tolerate is ``How do you feel？‘’ Usually the question is asked of a man in action——a man walking along the street， or busily working at his desk. So what do you expect him to say？ He‘ll probably say， ``Fine， I’m all right.“ But you have put a bug in his ear - maybe now he is not sure. If you are his good friend ，you may have seensomething on his face， or in his walk， that he overlooked that morning. It makes him worrying a little. He looks in a mirror to see if everything is all right， while you go merrily on your way asking someone else， ``How do you feel？‘’Every question has its time and place. it‘s perfectly acceptable，for instance， to ask ``How do you feel？’‘ if you are visiting a close friend in the hospital. But if the fellow is walking on both legs， hurrying to take a train or sitting at his desk working， it’s no time to ask him that silly question.When George Bernard Shaw， the famous British writer of plays was in his eighties， someone asked him ``How do you feel？‘’ Shaw put him in his place. ``When you reach my age，“ he said， ``either you feel all right or you are dead.”3I. According to the writer， greetings， such as ``How do you feel？‘’_____ .A. show one‘s consideration for othersB. are a good way to make friendsC. are proper to ask a man in action ……D. generally make one feel uneasy .32. The question ``How do you feel？‘’ seems to be correct and suitable when asked ofA. a friend who is illB. a person who has lost a close friend.C. a stranger who looks somewhat worriedD. a man who is working at his desk33. Gorge Bemard Shaw‘s reply in this passage shows his______ .A. sillinessB. clevernessC. carelessnessD. politeness34. ``You have put a bug in his ear“ means that you have______ .A. made him laughB. shown concern for himC. made fun of himD. given him some kind of warning35 . This passage can be entitled .A. A silly QuestionB. Don‘t Trouble a Busy ManC. What Are Good GreetingsD. Gerge Bemard Shaw‘s ReplyQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage：In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied （我种多样的）。
MBA联考-英语(二)-11.doc
MBA联考-英语(二)-11(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)I remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely; the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile—Charlie Chaplin"s smile."Arch, it"s Mickey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana."He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven"t sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them. "It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York building, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father"s bananas. "I ought to yell," said my father dolefully. "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I"m ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool." I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father."I"ll yell for you, pop," I volunteered."Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I"ll be late." But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller, Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly;a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling, Mickey. But it"s plain we are unlucky today! Let"s go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.（分数：10.00）(1)."Unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.（分数：2.00）A.sent outB.releasedC.dispatchedD.removed(2).Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B.Weather conditions and street lamps.C.Clattering trains and peddlers" yells.D.Moving crowds and street traffic.(3).Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?（分数：2.00）passionate.B.Responsible.C.Shy.D.Determined.(4).What is the theme of the story?（分数：2.00）A.The misery of the factory workers.B.How to survive in a harsh environment.C.Generation gap between the father and the son.D.Love between the father and the son.(5).What is the author"s attitude towards the father and the son?（分数：2.00）A.Indifferent.B.Sympathetic.C.Appreciative.D.Difficult to tell.Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK $ 3,000,000"s worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. This amounts to something like HK $150 million a year, and represents about 4 percent of the shops" total stock. As a result of this "shrinkage" as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories, the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just can"t help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, two-way mirrors and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts.The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is rarely poor. He does steal not because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, sickness or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution and the decision whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager.In order to prevent the quite incredible growth in ship-lifting offences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perhaps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999,999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years" time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body-search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!（分数：15.00）(1).Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops?（分数：3.00）A.There is "shrinkage" in market values.B.Many goods are not available.C.Goods in many shops lack variety.D.There are many cases of shop-lifting.(2).The third group of people steal things because they ______.（分数：3.00）A.are mentally illB.are quite absent-mindedC.can not resist the temptationD.can not afford to pay for goods(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true about the main types of shop-lifting?（分数：3.00）A.A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the professionals.B.The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught.C.People would expect that those who can"t help themselves are poor.D.The professionals don"t cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives.(4).In author"s opinion, which one is the most worried thing?（分数：3.00）A.Countless consumer forget to pay.B.Incredible growth in shop-lifting.C.Separate thieves from normal customers.D.Innocent majority punished for minority"s action.(5).The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that ______.（分数：3.00）A."the professionals do not pose much of a problem for the stores"B.some people "simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops"C."the honest public has to pay higher prices"D.the third type of shop-lifters is dangerous peopleNobody actually wants to cause offence but, as business becomes ever more international, it is increasingly easy to get it wrong. There may be a single European market but it does not mean that managers behave the same in Greece as they do in Denmark.In many European countries handshaking is an automatic gesture. In France good manners require that on arriving at a business meeting a man should shake hands with everyone present. This can be a demanding task and, in a crowded room, may require gymnastic ability if the farthest hand is to be reached. Handshaking is almost as popular in some other countries, but Northern Europeans, such as the British and Scandinavians, are not quite so fond of physical demonstrations of friendliness.In Europe the most common challenge is not the content of the food, but the way you behave as you eat. Some things are just not done. In France it is not good manners to raise tricky questions of business over the main course. Business has its place, after the cheese course. Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something—something, that is, other than the business deal which you are continually chewing over in your head.In Germany, as you walk sadly back to your hotel room, you may wonder why your apparently friendly hosts have not invited you out for the evening. Don"t worry, it is probably nothing personal Germans do not entertain business people with quite the same enthusiasm as some of their European counterparts.The Germans are also notable for the amount of formality they bring to business. As an outsider, it is often difficult to know whether colleagues have been working together for 30 years or have just met in the lift. If you are used to calling people by their first names this can be a little strange. To the Germans, titles are important. Forgetting that someone should be called Herr Doktor or Frau Direktorin might cause serious offence. It is equally offensive to call them by a title they do not possess.In Italy the question of title is further confused by the fact that everyone with a university degree can be called Doctor—and engineers, lawyers and architects may also expect to be called by their professional titles.These cultural challenges exist side by side with the problems of doing business in a foreignlanguage. Language, of course, is full of difficulties—disaster may be only a syllable away. But the more you know of the culture of the country you are dealing with, the less likely you are to get into difficulties. It is worth the effort. It might be rather hard to explain that the reason you lost the contract was not the product or the price, but the fact that you offended your hosts in a light-hearted comment over an aperitif (开胃酒). Good manners are admired, they can also make or break the deal.（分数：15.00）(1).In which country are you not expected to shake hands with everyone you meet?（分数：3.00）A.France.B.Germany.C.Norway.D.Italy.(2).In which country people consider it a serious offence not to call their titles?（分数：3.00）A.Britain.B.France.C.Scandinavians.D.Germany.(3).Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：3.00）A.People in Britain shake hands just as many as people in France.B.In France people prefer talking about business during meals.C.Italian professionals expect to be called by their titles.D.German business people don"t like to be called by their surnames.(4).If you are not invited out for the evening by your business counterparts in Germany, that means ______.（分数：3.00）A.they still haven"t taken you as their friend yetB.they want to keep a distance from youC.they are still hesitating whether to do business with you or notD.they don"t realize the need to invite you out(5).Which one below can NOT be a proper title for this passage?（分数：3.00）A.When in Rome...B.I Didn"t Mean to Be Rude.C.Doing Business in Europe.D.Good Manner, Successful Business.When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma"s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs—one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs is Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend" to- ward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours anddemanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it"s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents ("Chew with your mouth closed." "Keep your elbows off the table.") must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.（分数：15.00）(1).The trend toward casual dining has resulted in ______.（分数：3.00）A.bankruptcy of fine china manufacturersB.shrinking of the pottery industryC.restructuring of large enterprisesD.economic recession in Great Britain(2).Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?（分数：3.00）A.Family members need more time to relax.B.Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.C.People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.D.Young people won"t follow the etiquette of the older generation.(3).It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is ______.（分数：3.00）A.a retailer of stainless steel tablewareB.a dealer in stonewareC.a pottery chain storeD.a producer of fine china(4).Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life, ______.（分数：3.00）A.are still a must on certain occasionsB.are bound to return sooner or laterC.are still being taught by parents at homeD.can help improve personal relationships(5).What"s the author"s attitude toward the change the phenomenon of casual dining?（分数：3.00）A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Negative.D.Indifferent.Since the earliest times in England, the traveler"s inn has always been a warm and hospitable place, a gathering place for voyagers to rest and recover. The tireless landlord, the local customers sharing drinks and food, the welcoming atmosphere, have all become part of the legend of the typical English country and city life. In later centuries, the English tavern took on the role of community gathering place, being the location where friendly chatter and fierce social debate mixed with business discussions, and food, wine, beer and coffee were consumed as the noise of convivial (酒宴的) exchanges rose.In modern times, the English pub often continues to function as the communal meeting place, especially for people whose homes are too small to entertain any number of guests or friends. In many Asian countries, the local restaurant serves a similar social function.In Ireland, the pub has acted as a central attraction for poorer villagers in the rural areas, and as a literary and social focus in the cities. In keeping with the sociable nature of pub gatherings, music as well as talk has become a central part of this institution in Ireland. Now people around the world are able to experience the friendly nature of the Irish pub, whichfollows in the wake of its English equivalent as a welcome and growing export. English pubs have been found in America, in parts of Europe and throughout the world where English people have settled. Today the Irish pub is witnessing an outburst of international popularity as Westerners turn away from their television and computer screens and seek to put a human face to their social contacts. They are finding it in the bars and corners of Irish pubs, where Guinness stout, the Irish national drink, is available in the tall, dark creamy pint glasses and Irish music is the regular fare. In Mr. McCarville"s view, a pub is a place where you and your friends should be able to walk in and have a drink and talk to each other. But in traditional pubs everywhere there is loud raucous music so that customers can"t talk. He says that in all the traditional pubs in Australia they are putting poker machines, and Mr. McCarville saw many vacant looking people gambling. He feels that these pubs are no longer pleasant places to go to have a drink because you can"t talk to anyone. "The one place where conversation has always been great is an Irish pub, so everywhere they are set up they become very popular," he says."There is music in them, but it is Irish music. It may be traditional or modern Irish music, but it is happy, infectious music which stimulates the mood of the place and does not overpower it. " So Irish pubs are spreading.（分数：15.00）(1).The English pub is developed from ______.（分数：3.00）A.the Irish pubB.the English innC.the Scotch pubD.the traveller"s inn(2).What"s the function of the English pub?（分数：3.00）A.The pub continues to act as a central attraction.B.It is the literary and social focus.C.It is the place where you can consume food and wine.D.It takes the role of community meeting place.(3).Which kind of pub has a growing export?（分数：3.00）A.The Irish pub.B.The English pub.C.The Scotch pub.D.The Australian pub.(4).According to McCarville"s view, why Irish pub is a warm and hospitable place?（分数：3.00）A.There is loud harsh music to stimulate the mood of the pub.B.Poker machines are put there so that everyone can play while drinking.C.It is the great place for conversation.D.You can enjoy happy music in it.(5).In the passage, the author mainly talks about ______.（分数：3.00）A.the Irish pubB.the English pubC.the Scotch pubD.the Australian pubWilliam Sydney Porter (1862-1910), who wrote under the pseudonym of O. Henry, was born in North Carolina. His only formal education was to attend his Aunt Lina"s school until the age of fifteen, where he developed his lifelong love of books. By 1881 he was a licensed pharmacist. However, within a year, on the recommendation of a medical colleague of his Father"s, Porter moved to La Salle County in Texas for two years herding sheep. During this time, Webster"s Unabridged Dictionary was his constant companion, and Porter gained knowledge of ranch life that he later incorporated into many of his short stories. He then moved to Austin for three years, and during this time the first recorded use of his pseudonym appeared, allegedly derived from his habit ofcalling "Oh, Henry" to a family cat. In 1887, Porter married Athol Estes. He worked as a draftsman, then as a bank teller for the First National Bank.In 1894 Porter founded his own humor weekly, the "Rolling Stone", a venture that failed within a year, and later wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post. In the meantime, the First National Bank was examined, and the subsequent indictment of 1886 stated that Porter had embezzled funds. Porter then fled to New Orleans, and later to Honduras, leaving his wife and child in Austin. He returned in 1897 because of his wife"s continued ill-health, however, she died six months later. Then, in 1898 Porter was found guilty and sentenced to five years imprisonment in Ohio. At the age of thirty five, he entered prison as a defeated man; he had lost his job, his home, his wife, and finally his freedom. He emerged from prison three years later, reborn as O. Henry, the pseudonym he now used to hide his true identity. He wrote at least twelve stories in jail, and after re-gaining his freedom, went to New York City, where he published more than 300 stories and gained fame as America"s favorite short story writer. Porter married again in 1907, but after months of poor health, he died in New York City at the age of forty-eight in 1910. O. Henry"s stories have been translated all over the world.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, Porter"s Father was ______.（分数：3.00）A.responsible for his move to La Salle County in TexasB.the person who gave him a lifelong love of booksC.a medical doctorD.a licensed pharmacist(2).Which of the following is true, according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Both of Porter"s wives died before he died.B.Porter left school at 15 to become a pharmacist.C.Porter wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post called "Rolling Stone".D.The first recorded use of his pseudonym was in Austin.(3).Porter lost all of the following when he went to prison EXCEPT his ______.（分数：3.00）A.homeB.wifeC.jobD.books(4).According to the author, how many stories did Porter write while in prison for three years?（分数：3.00）A.More than 300.B.35.C.At least 12.D.Over 20.(5).The author implies which of the following is true?（分数：3.00）A.Porter would probably have written less stories if he had not been in prison for three years.B.Porter was in poor health throughout his life.C.Henry is as popular in many other countries as he is in America.D.Porter"s wife might have lived longer if he had not left her in Austin when he fled.Diet and exercise are keys to healthy giving. But you know all this. So our aim is to give you the shortcuts, the little-known tricks and proven methods to help prevent boredom and hopelessness in your quest for good health. That"s what the Health and Fitness Tips Site is all about.1Make it a daily challenge to find ways to move your body. Climb stairs if given a choice between that and escalators or elevators. Walk your dog; chase your kids; toss bails with friends; mow the lawn. Anything that moves your limbs is not only a fitness tool, it"s a stress buster. Think "move" in small increments of time. It doesn"t have to be an hour in the gym or a 45-minute aerobicdance class or tai chi or kickboxing. But that"s great when you"re up to it. Meanwhile, move more. Thought for the day: Cha, Cha, Cha...Then do it!2Avoid the obvious fat-contained food such as fried foods, burgers and other fatty meats (i. e. pork, bacon, ham, ribs and sausage). Dairy products such as cheese, cottage cheese, milk and cream should be eaten in low fat versions. Nuts and sandwich meats, mayonnaise (蛋黄酱), margarine (人造黄油), butter and sauces should be eaten in limited amounts. Most are available in lower fat versions such as substitute butter, fat free cheeses and mayonnaise. Thought for the day: Lean, mean, fat-burning machine...Then be one!3The jury is definitely in on this verdict. Ever since 1960 when the Surgeon General announced that smoking was harmful to your health, Americans have been reducing their use of tobacco products that kill. Just recently, we"ve seen a surge in smoking in adolescents and teens. Could it be the Hollywood influence? It seems the stars in every movie of late smoke cigarettes. Beware. Warn your children of the false romance or "tough guy" stance of Hollywood smokers. Thought for the day: Give up just one cigarette then the next one.4Easier said than done, stress busters (压力消除器) come in many forms. Some techniques recommended by experts are to think positive thoughts. Spend 30 minutes a day doing something you like. Soak in a hot tub; walk on the beach or in a park; read a good book; visit a friend; play with your dog; listen to soothing music; watch a funny movie. Get a massage, a facial or a haircut. Meditate. Count to ten before losing your temper or getting angry. Avoid difficult people when possible. Thought for the day. When seeing red, think pink clouds then float on them.5If you can"t live in a smog-free environment, at least avoid smoke-filled rooms, high traffic areas, breathing in highway fumes and exercising near busy thoroughfares. Exercise outside when the smog-rating is low. Exercise indoors in air conditioning when air quality is good. Plant lots of shrubbery in your yard. It"s a good deterrent for pollution and dirt from the street. Thought for the day. Smoke gets in your eyes..., and your mouth, and your nose and your lungs as do pollutants.A. Eat LessB. Quit SmokingC. Cut FatD. Move MoreE. Reduce StressF. Control Your TemperG. Protect Yourself from Pollution（分数：15.00）。
MBA联考-英语(二)-15.doc
MBA联考-英语(二)-15(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health. " But {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}, a good laugh is unlikely to have {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}, studies dating back to the 1930's indicate that laughter {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}feedback, that improve an individual's emotional state. {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wiirzburg in Germany asked volunteers to {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with their lips, which would produce a (n) {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles {{U}} {{U}} 18 {{/U}} {{/U}}more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the otherway around {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.（分数：10.00）(1).∙ A. among∙ B. except∙ C. despite∙ D. like（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).∙ A. reflect∙ B. demand∙ C. indicate∙ D. produce（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).∙ A. stabilizing∙ B. boosting∙ C. impairing∙ D. determining（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).∙ A. transmit∙ B. sustain∙ C. evaluate∙ D. observe（分数：0.50）A.B.D.(5).∙ A. measurable∙ B. manageable∙ C. affordable∙ D. renewable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).∙ A. In turn∙ B. In fact∙ C. In addition∙ D. In brief（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).∙ A. opposite∙ B. impossible∙ C. average∙ D. expected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).∙ A. hardens∙ B. weakens∙ C. tightens∙ D. relaxes（分数：0.50）A.B.D.(9).∙ A. aggravate∙ B. generate∙ C. moderate∙ D. enhance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).∙ A. physical∙ B. mental∙ C. subconscious∙ D. internal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).∙ A. Except for∙ B. According to∙ C. Due to∙ D. As for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).∙ A. with∙ B. on∙ C. in∙ D. at（分数：0.50）A.B.D.(13).∙ A. unless∙ B. until∙ C. if∙ D. because（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).∙ A. exhausts∙ B. follows∙ C. precedes∙ D. suppresses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).∙ A. into∙ B. from∙ C. towards∙ D. beyond（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).∙ A. fetch∙ B. bite∙ C. pick∙ D. hold（分数：0.50）A.B.D.(17).∙ A. disappointed∙ B. excited∙ C. joyful∙ D. indifferent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).∙ A. adapted∙ B. catered∙ C. turned∙ D. reacted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).∙ A. suggesting∙ B. requiring∙ C. mentioning∙ D. supposing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).∙ A. Eventually∙ B. Consequently∙ C. Similarly∙ D. Conversely（分数：0.50）A.B.D.二、{{B}}Section Ⅱ Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、{{B}}Part A{{/B}}(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D.At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants'impact on the economy and the reality7There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants'lowcost labor are businesses and employers-meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers'savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter7 As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was thefiscal (财政的) burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants'access to certain benefits.The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected-say,low-skilled workers, or California residents-the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one. " Too bad most people don't realize it.（分数：10.00）(1).What can we learn from the first paragraph?∙ A. Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists ∙ B. The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now it's a different story ∙ C. The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged∙ D. The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration?∙ A. They can access all kinds of public services∙ B. They can get consumer goods at lower prices∙ C. They can mix with people of different cultures∙ D. They can avoid doing much of the manual labor（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?∙ A. They have greater difficulty getting welfare support∙ B. They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts∙ C. They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay∙ D. They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor skills（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants ?∙ A. It may change the existing social structure∙ B. It may pose a threat to their economic status∙ C. It may lead to social instability in the country∙ D. It may place a great strain on the state budget（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the irony about the debate over immigration?∙ A. Even economists can't reach a consensus about its impact∙ B. Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it∙ C. People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact∙ D. There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving "to pursue my goal of running a company. " Broadcasting his ambition was "very much my decision," McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn't alone. In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: "I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first. "Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. "The traditional rule was it's safer to stay where you are, but that's been fundamentally inverted," says one headhunter. "The people who've been hurt the worst are those who've stayed too long. "（分数：10.00）(1).When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being∙ A. arrogant∙ B. frank∙ C. self-centered∙ D. impulsive（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Paragraph 2, senior executives'quitting may be spurred by∙ A. their expectation of better financial status∙ B. their need to reflect on their private life∙ C. their strained relations with the boards∙ D. their pursuit of new career goals（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word "poached" (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means∙ A. approved of∙ B. attended to∙ C. hunted for∙ D. guarded against（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that∙ A. top performers used to cling to their posts∙ B. loyahy of top performers is getting out-dated∙ C. top performers care more about reputations∙ D. it's safer to stick to the traditional rules（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the best title for the text?∙ A. CEOs: Where to Go?∙ B. CEOs: All the Way Up?∙ C. Top Managers Jump without a Net∙ D. The Only Way Out for Top Performers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional "paid" media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create "owned" media by sending E-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The wayconsumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users'responses. But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media-for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies'marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and wellorchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.（分数：10.00）(1).Consumers may create "earned" media when they are∙ A. obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites∙ B. inspired by product-promoting E-mails sent to them∙ C. eager to help their friends promote quality products ∙ D. enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature∙ A. a safe business environment∙ B. random competition∙ C. strong user traffic∙ D. flexibility in organization（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media∙ A. invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers∙ B. can be used to produce negative effects in marketing ∙ C. may be responsible for fiercer competition∙ D. deserve all the negative comments about them（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Toyota Motor's experience is cited as an example of∙ A. responding effectively to hijacked media∙ B. persuading customers into boycotting products∙ C. cooperating with supportive consumers∙ D. taking advantage of hijacked media（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is the text mainly about?∙ A. Alternatives to conventional paid media∙ B. Conflict between hijacked and earned media∙ C. Dominance of hijacked media∙ D. Popularity of owned media（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you'll get a completely different impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more women-the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country.It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved. But, increasingly, this apparent diversity is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity. Behind the differences in sex, skin tones and mother tongues, there are common attitudes, expectations and ambitions which risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future.Diversity, it seems, has not helped to address fundamental weaknesses in business leadership. So what can be done to create more effective managers of the commercial world? According to Valerie Gauthier, associate dean at HEC Paris, the key lies in the process by which MBA programmes recruit their students. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. This is then coupled to a school's picture of what a diverse class should look like, with the result that passport, ethnic origin and sex can all become influencing factors. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach-arguably the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters.Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking, consultancy and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a widercontext.Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management-at least in America and Europe. Perhaps most significant, according to Mannaz, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative management models, such as those prevalent in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability.（分数：10.00）(1).What characterises the business school student population of today?∙ A. Greater diversity∙ B. Intellectual maturity∙ C. Exceptional diligence∙ D. Higher ambition（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the author's concern about current business school education?∙ A. It will arouse students'unrealistic expectations∙ B. It will produce business leaders of a uniform style∙ C. It focuses on theory rather than on practical skills∙ D. It stresses competition rather than cooperation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What aspect of diversity does Valerie Gauthier think is most important?∙ A. Age and educational background∙ B. Social and professional experience∙ C. Attitude and approach to business∙ D. Ethnic origin and gender（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What applicants does the author think MBA programmes should consider recruiting?∙ A. Applicants with prior experience in business companies∙ B. Applicants with sound knowledge in math and statistics∙ C. Applicants from outside the traditional sectors∙ D. Applicants from less developed regions and areas（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does Mannaz say about the current management style?∙ A. It is eradicating the tough aspects of management∙ B. It encourages male and female executives to work side by side∙ C. It adopts the bully-boy chief executive model∙ D. It is shifting towards more collaborative models（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、{{B}}Part B{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose a heading from the list A-F that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Archaeological study covers an extremely long span of time and a great variety of subjects. The earliest subjects of archaeological study date from the origins of humanity. These include fossil remains believed to be of human ancestors who lived 3.5 million to 4.5 million years ago. The earliest archaeological sites include those at Hadar, Ethiopia; Laetoli, Tanzania; East Turkana, Kenya; and elsewhere in East Africa. These sites contain evidence of the first appearance of bipedal (uprightwalking, apelike early humans). {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}The first physically modem humans, Homo sapiens, appeared in tropical Africa between 200,000 and 150,000 years ago-dates determined by molecular biologists and archaeologists working together. Dozens of archaeological sites throughout Asia and Europe show how people migrated from Africa and settled in these two continents during the last Ice Age (100,000 to 15,000 years ago). {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}Archaeologists have documented that the development of agriculture took place about 10,000 years ago. Early domestication—the planting and harvesting of plants and the breeding and herding of animals—is evident in such places as the ancient settlement of Jericho in Jordan and in Tehuac án Valley in Mexico. Archaeology plays a major role in the study of early civilizations, such as those of the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, who built the city of Ur, and the ancient Egyptians, who are famous for the pyramids near the city of Giza and the royal sepulchres (tombs) of the Valley of the Kings at Thebes. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}Archaeological research spans the entire development of phenomena that are unique to humans. For instance, archaeology tells the story of when people learned to bury their dead and developed beliefs in an afterlife. Sites containing signs of the first simple but purposeful burials in graves date to as early as 40,000 years ago in Europe and Southwest Asia. By the time people lived in civilizations, burials and funeral ceremonies had become extremely important and elaborate rituals. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}Archaeology also examines more recent historical periods. Some archaeologists work with historians to study American colonial life, for example. They have learned such diverse information as how the earliest colonial settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, traded glass beads for food with native Algonquian peoples; how the lives of slaves on plantations reflected their roots in Africa; and how the first major cities in the United States developed. {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}A. For example, the Moche lords of Sipán in coastal Peru were buried in about AD 400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver. Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.B. By 40,000 years ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa. Populations in different regions employed various technologiealdevelopments in adapting to their different environments and climates.C. Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the America over 12,000 years ago.D. The first fossil records of vascular plants—that is, land plants with tissue that carries food— appeared in the Silurian period. They weresimple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.E. Laetoli even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago. Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Archaeologists have also recorded how primitive forms of humans spread out of Africa into Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago.F. One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States. This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.G. Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi (a group of early Native Americans of North America) at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picehu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________五、{{B}}Section Ⅲ Trans(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.The great joy of immersion in one particular story is that it stops you thinking about time and how to spend it. I recently counted the books in the Tower of Doom, estimated how long it would take to read them all, calculated this against my available reading hours on an average day, and concluded that the only realistic solution was to get sent to jail, where I might be able to fit in some regular exercise too. Perhaps I could read faster. President Theodore Roosevelt allegedly finished up to three books a day, advising his son: "The wise thing to do is simply to skip the vulgar words and untruth, and get the benefit out of the rest. "This is good advice for anyone who considers watching all six seasons of Lost, but it also makes the process more similar to data processing than actual enjoyment.（分数：15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________六、{{B}}Section Ⅳ Writi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、{{B}}Part A{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)2.A chemical plant should be responsible for the water pollution in a nearby river. Write a letter to the City Environment Protection Agency to 1. state the present situation. 2. suggest ways to deal with the problem.3. express your sincere hope. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________八、{{B}}Part B{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：15.00)3.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Income Sources between Chinese and American Students. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the in formation given in the table. Write three paragraphs。
在职mba的英语试题及答案
在职mba的英语试题及答案在职MBA英语试题及答案一、词汇题（每题1分，共10分）1. The company is undergoing a significant ________ in its management structure.A) innovationB) renovationC) transformationD) degradation答案：C2. Despite the economic downturn, the company managed to maintain its ________.A) reputationB) integrityC) profitabilityD) popularity答案：C3. The ________ of the new policy was met with mixed reactions from the public.A) implementationB) introductionC) executionD) enforcement答案：B4. The CEO emphasized the importance of ________ in achieving long-term success.A) collaborationB) competitionC) confrontationD) communication答案：A5. The ________ of the project was delayed due to unexpected weather conditions.A) commencementB) completionC) cancellationD) continuation答案：A6. The ________ of the company's financial report will be presented at the annual meeting.A) overviewB) summaryC) analysisD) forecast答案：B7. The ________ of the market is crucial for making informed decisions.A) analysisB) synthesisC) synthesisD) interpretation答案：A8. The ________ of the new product line has been a major factor in the company's growth.A) introductionB) innovationC) diversificationD) expansion答案：B9. The ________ of the company's strategy has led to increased efficiency.A) refinementB) simplificationC) complicationD) diversification答案：B10. The ________ of the project was successful, resulting ina significant profit.A) initiationB) executionC) terminationD) evaluation答案：B二、阅读理解题（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下短文，回答后面的问题。
MBA考试《英语》历年真题精选及详细解析0808-45
MBA考试《英语》历年真题精选及详细解析0808-451、（）is the volume of chemical goods.【单选题】A.Constantly growing tooB.Too constantly growingC.Growing constant toD.Too growing constant正确答案:A答案解析:【译文】化学产品的生产量也在不断增长。
【解析】本句的正常语序应是：The volume of chemical goods is growing constantly too,但出于对growing constantly too 的强调，本句采用全倒装：Constantly growing too is the volume of chemicalgoods,此类倒装结构在形式上颇类似于“表→系→主”例装，故可归为一类进行学习。
【点睛】广义上的“表→系→主”倒装：Doing.../Done...+ be + S.2、Every member of society has to make a（）to struggle for the freedom of the country.【单选题】A.pledgeB.warrantyC.resolveD.guarantee正确答案:A答案解析:pledge n.意思是“保证，誓言”，常用搭配是make a pledge发誓。
译：社会每个成员都必须发誓为了祖国的自由而奋斗。
warranty n.担保书，保单；resolve v.决心；guarantee v.保证，担保。
3、A budget of five dollars a day is totally（）for a trip round Europe.【单选题】A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid正确答案:A答案解析:inadequate意思是“不充分的，不适当的”。
MBA联考-英语(二)-18.doc
MBA联考-英语(二)-18(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.The notion of using a management degree to do good while doing well has grown in popularity on today's business school campuses. And anever-increasing number of students plan on putting their talent to use within the {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}sector. The recession has led many applicants to reevaluate their priorities and {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}what they want to do with their lives, often trading jobs with status and huge paychecks for careers with a (n) {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}social impact.In order to keep and develop the competitive {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}needed to survive in today's uncertain economy, non-profits must run themselves just like any other successful business. What you need to {{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}a company well, as is often the {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}within this sector, business skills are essential. {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}are people skills, management skills,financial-analysis skills, IT skills—the list goes on. That's {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}the MBA degree comes in.While at business school, social enterprise-minded students can take {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}of numerous clubs, competitions, global experiences, and centers. And the centers are {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}to teach students about topics ranging from nonprofit management to starting businesses that {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}underrepresented communities. The Social Enterprise Initiative is a big part of MBA experience at Harvard Business School, which {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}mort than 500 books and cases published on the subject since 1993 and more than 90 HBS {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}engaged in social enterprise research and teaching. {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}the Center for Social Innovation at Stanford Graduate School of Business, MBA students can earn a certificate in the Public Management Program as they focus their academic efforts in {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}such as the environment, international development, health care, and education.Across the pond, the Skoll Center for Social Entrepreneurship at Oxford'sSaid Business School {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}for its variety of social entrepreneurship electives, MBA projects on social innovation, and cocurricular activities. It was {{U}} {{U}} 17 {{/U}} {{/U}}in 2003 witha ￡4.4 million investment by the Skoll Foundation, the largest {{U}} {{U}}18 {{/U}} {{/U}}center offers up to five fully funded MBA scholarships to {{U}} {{U}} 19 {{/U}} {{/U}}impressive candidates, named Skoll Skollars, who plan to {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}entrepreneurial solution for urgent social and environmental challenges.（分数：10.00）(1).∙ A. executive∙ B. nonprofit∙ C. indifferent∙ D. illegal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).∙ A. forbid∙ B. manage∙ C. determine∙ D. utilize（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).∙ A. alternative∙ B. adverse∙ C. relative∙ D. positive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).∙ B. edge∙ C. degree∙ D. request（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).∙ A. take∙ B. carry∙ C. make∙ D. run（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).∙ A. cause∙ B. motion∙ C. case∙ D. problem（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).∙ A. Though∙ B. Even∙ C. All∙ D. So（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).∙ B. where∙ C. why∙ D. when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).∙ A. charge∙ B. advantage∙ C. measure∙ D. hold（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).∙ A. designed∙ B. presented∙ C. contributed∙ D. regarded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).∙ A. warn∙ B. serve∙ C. provide∙ D. discourage（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).∙ B. borrows∙ C. orders∙ D. boasts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).∙ A. organizations∙ B. instructors∙ C. supervisors∙ D. pupils（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).∙ A. For∙ B. With∙ C. Through∙ D. Since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).∙ A. areas∙ B. ways∙ C. goals∙ D. actions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).∙ B. comes out∙ C. puts back∙ D. stands out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).∙ A. generated∙ B. founded∙ C. executed∙ D. invented（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).∙ A. funding∙ B. value∙ C. tuition∙ D. expenditure（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).∙ A. seemingly∙ B. directly∙ C. highly∙ D. literally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).∙ B. regulate∙ C. report∙ D. pursue（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、{{B}}Section Ⅱ Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、{{B}}Part A{{/B}}(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below by choosing A, B, C or D.Germany's economic success presents something of an educational puzzle. On the one hand, its schools turn out a workforce capable of producing the goods that have made its companies the export champions of the world. On the other hand, the academic achievements of its school children, measured in international tests, look only moderate. The reading abilities of German 15-year-olds, according to the PISA studies published by the OECD, are below the average for rich countries. In a world where brainpower matters more and more, how does German business thrive?The answer is that a combination of schooling and apprenticeship has proved a reliable supplier and shaper of the sort of labor German businesses need to make goods of high quality, even as similar jobs have disappeared in other rich economies. At the age of 10 or 11 abouttwo-fifths of children are selected to go to a Gymnasium. A lot of these go eventually to universities. Most who do not, and many of those at least academic schools, go ultimately into specialized training for one of around 350 trades, from gardening to glass-blowing.Students divide their time between classrooms and the factory floor, acquiring a lot of knowledge on the job. According to many company bosses, this makes them both expert and flexible. Because German jobs are fairly secure, many employees invest time in learning new skills. Companies invest in teaching them, too—for example, to use computers to design parts-because their workers are not like to quit.Moreover, basic education seems to be getting better. The first PISA study, published in 2001, in which German children did poorly, caused much national soul-searching. Germany's position in the OECD rankings has improved a great deal in the past few years.Even so, the system has flaws. Some worry, for example, that the stronger general education is needed to equip young Germans to change trades should demand for their specific expertise dry up.A bigger concern is that early selection fails children form poor and immigrant families, who are likeliest to attend the least academic schools and to miss out on apprenticeships. Partly for this reason, there is a large group of students at the bottom of the rankings—which explains why the German average is still below standard.Some think that this may eventually cost the economy. Ludger Wossmann, of the Ifo Institute at Munich University, reckons that the best long-run predictor of a country's economic growth rate is the performance of its children in comparative tests in science, math and so forth. Germany's scores, he points out, do not predict well.（分数：10.00）(1).The reason why German economy can become prosperous indicates is that ______.∙ A. German companies can produce goods of the best quality in the world∙ B. German education pays much attention to students'skill training∙ C. the education system can stably provide personnel needed by German business∙ D. there are some kinds of trades in Germany that don't exist in other rich countries（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).German bosses are willing to spend money in teaching their employees new skills because ______.∙ A. their employees are not only professional but also quick-minded∙ B. it is not easy to hire a suitable employee in Germany∙ C. their employees are interested in learning a new skills∙ D. it is unlikely for their employees to resign（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which one of the following is NOT the shortcoming of German educational system?∙ A. The basic education for children is becoming worse and worse∙ B. General education is not strong enough for young people to change trades∙ C. Many poor students can't go to more academic schools because of early selection ∙ D. Immigrant children may miss the opportunities for apprenticeship（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is Ludger Wossmann's attitude towards the future of German economic growth rate?∙ A. Indifferent∙ B. Doubtful∙ C. Pessimistic∙ D. Neutral（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What's the best title for the text?∙ A. The Schooling System of German Children∙ B. The Development of German Economy∙ C. The Improvement of German Education∙ D. The Training System of German Workforce（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.You hear the refrain all the time: the U. S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn't feel good. Why doesn't ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, "hunger, sickness, and cold" threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. "Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours. " After World War Ⅱ, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4. 5 percent.To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn' t really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it wouldbe unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctively—and wrongly —labeled government only as "a necessary evil"It's often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich —overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people's incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004,inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel "squeezed" because their rising incomes often don't satisfy their rising wants—for bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear they've become "the disposable American," as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much less physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way toself-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity (肥胖症). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes. Should we be surprised? Not really. We've simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.（分数：10.00）(1).What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?∙ A. Why statistics don't tell the truth about the economy∙ B. Why affluence doesn't guarantee happiness∙ C. How happiness can be promoted today∙ D. What lies behind an economic boom（分数：2.00）B.C.D.(2).According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because ______.∙ A. public spending hasn't been cut down as expected∙ B. the government has proved to be a necessary evil∙ C. they are in fear of another Great Depression∙ D. materialism has run wild in modern society（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably?∙ A. Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings∙ B. Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation∙ C. The distribution of wealth is uneven between the rich and the poor∙ D. Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does Louis Uchitelle mean by "the disposable American" (Line 3, Para. 5)?∙ A. Those who see job stability as part of their living standard∙ B. People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence∙ C. People who have little say in American politics∙ D. Workers who no longer have secure jobs（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What has affluence brought to American society?∙ A. Renewed economic security∙ B. A sense of self-fulfillment∙ C. New conflicts and complaints∙ D. Misery and anti-social behavior（分数：2.00）B.C.D.When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she' d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. "I'm a good economic indicator," she says. "I provide a service that people can do without when they' re concerned about saving some dollars. "So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. "I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too" she says.Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, "there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses," says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. "Instead of20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says john Deadly,a Bay Area realestate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Gettinga table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.（分数：10.00）(1).By "Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet" (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means ______.∙ A. Spero can hardly maintain her business∙ B. Spero is too much engaged in her work∙ C. Spero has grown out of her bad habit∙ D. Spero is not in a desperate situation（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How do the public feel about the current economic situation?∙ A. Optimistic∙ B. Confused∙ C. Carefree∙ D. Panicked（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When mentioning "the $4 million to $10 million range" (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about ______.∙ A. gold market∙ B. real estate∙ C. stock exchange∙ D. venture investment（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why can many people see "silver linings" to the economic showdown?∙ A. They would benefit in certain ways∙ B. The stock market shows signs of recovery∙ C. Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom∙ D. The purchasing power would be enhanced（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).To which of the following is the author likely to agree?∙ A. A now boom, on the horizon∙ B. Tighten the belt, the single remedy∙ C. Caution all right, panic not∙ D. The more ventures, the more chances（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they 'also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energyintensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consuhancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (inconstant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil pricesaveraged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.（分数：10.00）(1).The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ______.∙ A. global inflation∙ B. reduction in supply∙ C. fast growth in economy∙ D. Iraq's suspension of exports（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ______.∙ A. price of crude rises∙ B. commodity prices rise∙ C. consumption rises∙ D. oil taxes rise（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries ______.∙ A. heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive∙ B. income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices∙ C. manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed∙ D. oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We can draw a conclusion from the text that ______.∙ A. oil-price shocks are less shocking now∙ B. inflation seems in-elevant to oil-price shocks∙ C. energy conservation can keep down the oil prices∙ D. the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).From the text we can see that the writer seems ______.∙ A. optimistic∙ B. sensitive∙ C. gloomy∙ D. scared（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、{{B}}Part B{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:You are going to read a list of ]wadings and a text about leadership. Choose a heading from the list A-F that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text. The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.A. Thinks Positively.B. Knows That Principles Are More Important than Rules.C. Possesses a Sense of Humor.D. Communicates Facts That Are Hard to Take.E. Cares for Others and Their Well-being.F. Has Integrity and Authenticity.G. Order Is Important.Much has been written about the tasks of leaders and the skills required for leadership. There has been considerable debate about the question of whether leaders are born or made. Likely behind these arguments is the difference between personal characteristics that some people have atbirth and skills that one can acquire through education and practice. But the important personal characteristics, while they may seem innate in some people, can be cultivated, and indeed, require cultivation in all of us. For unless they are strengthened through conscious attention and cultivation, they can, for example, easily be forgotten or ignored in the craziness of activity often associated with leadership. What are some of these characteristics? One could make many lists, but here are five personal traits that seem especially important. A good leader: {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}An effective leader is "genuine", internally and externally consistent. A good leader is one of whom it can be said, "What you see is what you get" —there is never any wonder as to whether the imaage, the "person" presented to the world, really reflects the person. Such a leader has honesty—he/she says what he/she means, means what he/she says. A good leader has a consistency of purpose, operates out of discernible principles, and "stands for" something worthwhile and detectable. Honesty and reliability require self-reflection, the ability to understand oneself honestly, the capacity to assess one's strengths and weaknesses accurately, and acceptance of one"s self.{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}A good leader takes responsibility seriously but never takes himself seriously. Such a leader can help people relax and get through tough situations in good spirits.{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}A good leader understands that nothing except a great work of art can be done by one person alone—that something of lasting value is almost always the result of a group effort. But even more than that, a good leader genuinely is concerned with and interested in others. Such concerning means that a good leader is collegial, building a sense of group identity and purpose. A good leader "brings out the best" in each of those who follow, seeks the development and advancement of each member of the group, and delights in each person's growth in ability and of character. A good leader rejoices in the success of group members without announcement of jealousy. A good leader is deliberative, involving the group in decisions wherever possible and encourages, supports, and applauds the members of the group.{{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}One of the primary roles of the leader is to inspire hope, even in a difficult situation. This is not the same as being blindly optimistic. We think, for example, of Franklin Roosevelt's "We have nothing to fear but fear itself" or of Desmond Tutu's observationabout apartheid in South Africa that since "it is difficult to be optimistic, one must have hope. " Such a leader empowers followers, making them believe that they can accomplish worthwhile but very difficult things. He actually creates energy in the group by being active without becoming unrealistic.{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}A good leader understands that order is important to a group but that rigidity destroys the followe rs' emotion state. Lasting, empowering order comes more from trust and the. development of group norms than from regulations imposed by a leader. Doubtless, everyone would develop a somewhat different, and in many cases, a longer list of personal characteristics. But a leader who is conscious of such a list, who questions the extent to which he or she lives and acts in accord with these traits, and who deliberately cultivates these characteristics is likely to be a successful and appreciated leader.（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________五、{{B}}Section Ⅲ Trans(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.So, why is it so hard to throw in the towel, even when on some level you know you should? For one thing, it's embarrassing to admit to others that you've bitten off more than you can chew, or that you've made an error of judgment. No one likes to be thought of as a'quitter. 'For another, quitting means accepting the unrecoverable costs—all the time and energy that you've already put into reaching your goal that you can never get back. Of course, once you realize that you probably won't succeed, or that success isn't worth the unhappiness your project is causing you, it shouldn't matter what the unrecoverable costs are. If your job, your advanced degree, or your unfinished novel has taken up some of the best years of your life, it doesn't make sense to give them even more years. That will only make you miserable.（分数：15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________六、{{B}}Section Ⅳ Writi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、{{B}}Part A{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：10.00)2.Your friend Tom has invited you to his wedding ceremony, but you cannot go for some reason. Please write a letter to Tom to: 1. Make an apology. 2. Show your regret. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead. Do not write your address.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________八、{{B}}Part B{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：15.00)3.In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1. interpret the chart.2. give your comments.。
管理类联考英语备考资料
管理类联考英语备考资料（原创实用版）目录1.管理类联考英语简介2.备考资料推荐3.备考策略及建议正文【管理类联考英语简介】管理类联考英语是针对我国 MBA、EMBA 等管理类专业学位研究生入学考试而设置的科目，其难度介于大学英语四、六级之间。
考试的主要目的是测试考生的英语综合运用能力，尤其是商务英语的运用能力。
相较于普通研究生英语考试，管理类联考英语更注重商务词汇的掌握，考生需要掌握约 600 个商务词汇。
近年来，考试内容也在向 GRE、GMAT 等国际考试方向发展，增加了考试的难度。
【备考资料推荐】为了更好地备考管理类联考英语，以下是一些推荐的资料：1.《管理类专业学位联考高分突破英语》：本书由华东师范大学出版社出版，是一套针对管理类联考英语的辅导书。
书中涵盖了词汇、语法、阅读理解、翻译、写作等各个方面的内容，非常适合考生全面复习。
2.《MBA 英语真题解析》：本书收录了近年来的 MBA 英语真题，并对每道题进行了详细的解析。
通过做真题，考生可以了解考试的题型和难度，提高应试能力。
3.GRE、GMAT 等国际考试的相关资料：虽然管理类联考英语与 GRE、GMAT 等考试有所不同，但它们之间有很多相似之处。
因此，考生可以参考这些国际考试的资料，提高自己的英语能力。
【备考策略及建议】1.提高词汇量：管理类联考英语要求考生掌握约 600 个商务词汇。
考生可以通过背单词书、使用 APP 等方法来提高词汇量。
2.多做题：做题是提高考试成绩的最直接方法。
考生可以多做真题、模拟题等，提高自己的应试能力。
3.多阅读：阅读是提高英语水平的重要途径。
考生可以阅读英语报刊杂志、英文小说等，提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。
4.背诵范文：背诵一些写作范文可以提高考生的写作能力，使他们在考试中能够快速写出高质量的文章。
5.制定合理的学习计划：备考期间，考生需要制定一个合理的学习计划，确保每个阶段的学习任务能够按时完成。
mba考试英语真题及答案解析
mba考试英语真题及答案解析MBA考试英语真题及答案解析一、简介MBA（Master of Business Administration）是国际上商科教育最高的硕士学位，也是许多企业高层管理人员追求的梦想。
而MBA考试则是进入MBA学校的门槛之一。
英语是MBA考试的一项重要内容，下面将结合真题及其答案解析，来帮助大家更好地准备和理解MBA考试。
二、真题及答案解析1. 阅读理解题示例：根据下面短文，回答问题：The concept of social entrepreneurship is gaining momentum as both individuals and organizations areincreasingly seeking innovative ways to address social issues. Social entrepreneurs are driven by a desire to make apositive impact on society, and they create and manage ventures that combine market-based approaches with a focus on enhancing the common good.Question: What is the main character of social entrepreneurship?答案解析：社会创业的主要特点是将市场导向的方法与促进社会福利的关注结合起来。
2. 完形填空题示例：根据下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择合适的词或词组完成短文，并将其标号填入题后括号内。
A study conducted by the Harvard Business School has revealed that a well-designed office space can significantly (41) productivity and employee satisfaction. The study (42) that the physical environment directly affects work behaviors and attitudes. It has been discovered that the presence of natural light, comfortable furniture, and ample space (43) collaboration and communication among employees.41. A. increase B. decrease C. sustain D. maintain42. A. confirmed B. assured C. ensured D. proved43. A. promotes B. denies C. disrupts D. ignores答案解析：41. A；42. D；43. A3. 阅读填空题示例：根据下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择合适的词或词组完成短文，并将其标号填入题后括号内。
mba英语备考资料
mba英语备考资料MBA联考在即，MBA考生们都处于最后的冲刺复习阶段。
那么MBA英语有哪些备考资料呢?接下来店铺为你整理了mba英语备考资料，一起来看看吧。
mba英语备考资料：词汇一、要真切理解词汇学习的意义。
不少学生都知道该背单词，但其实是不明就里的。
我们在做每件事情的时候，只有明确了解做这件事情的原因的时候，才会下决心、有意识、有计划地去做。
虽然考研英语试卷的三个部分中没有一个部分是专门考查词汇的，但却都离不开词汇的很好把握。
比如，完型，就拿2015年的真题为例，其中80%的选项都是针对词汇内容的考查，包括词义辨析，动名词搭配等。
所以，完型要想得分，首先词汇得积累好。
但是分值最重的阅读对于词汇又是如何考察的呢?其实答案很简单，就是熟词生义，一词多义。
也就是真题对于单词意思的考查往往不止一个，而且对于熟悉单词的考查却是我们不熟知的含义。
以game为例，我们所熟悉的意思仅限于“运动”、“游戏”等，但其实英语一真题中2006年第三篇就对此词进行了考查，含义是“猎物”。
所以，只有我们对于单词有了很好的把握，才能在各个模块中取得不错的分数。
而且在记忆的时候，至少要记住两个含义。
二、要明白记忆单词灵活好用的方法。
很多学生使用的都是死记硬背的方法。
这种方法固然好，记得快。
但也有它致命的问题：忘得也快。
有的同学可能寄希望于利用中文谐音来记忆单词。
如ambitious -”俺必胜“这种方法有趣，记得牢。
但无奈涵盖单词量较小，仅占百分之二。
所以其实最有效的方法就是利用词根词缀来记单词。
它的优势在于记得快，记得牢。
以cede，ceed，cess词根为例。
它们的含义是“走”。
所以succeed， exceed， proceed， recede都有“走”的意思，但是因为前缀不同，所以意思上也有所差异。
其中”suc，sub，sus”表示“向下”，所以成功的秘诀就在于“一直向下走”，即只有一直走下去才能成功。
其实正因为”suc，sub，sus”表示“向下”，这个单词还可以表示“走在后面”即“继承”的意思;”ex”表示“外面，出来“，所以exceed的含义就是“从平庸中走出来—超越”;”pro”表示“向前”，所以exceed的含义就是“向前走—前进”;”re”表示“再一次;回来”，所以recede表示“走回来—撤退”。
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B. If
C. Even if
D. Now that
答案解析
1. A。副词widely表示比喻含义“广泛地”;而副词wide表示具体含义“宽地，完全地”。故答案为A。
2. C。这是that一个特典型的用法，用来代替前面提到的某件有比较性性质的事，通常要和of连用。故答案为C。
3. A。read,start, write等不及物动词加上方式状语，或者半系动词feel, taste, look等加表语形容词，在英语中是主动形式，而表示汉语中是被动意义。故答案为A。
B. to stay … to make a fire with
C. to stay in to stay … to make a fire
5. _____ you dislike ancient buildings, Warrick Castle is worth a visit.
资料来源：环球卓越
4. A。动词不定式to stay in和to make a fire with分别作定语修饰a house和some wood，与被修饰的名词构成了动宾关系，所以动词不定式用及物动词或不及物动词加介词构成的相当于及物动词的短语动词。故答案为A。
5. C。主句与从句之间是让步关系，所以用even if。意为“即使”。故答案为C。
A. washes
B. wash
C. is washed
D. is washing
4. It was dark and cold. They had to find a house _____ and some wood _____.
A. to stay in … to make a fire with
C. wide accepted
D. wide accepting
2. The house built of stone lasts longer than _____ built of wood.
A. the one
B. one
C. that
D. its
3. This kind of cloth _____ well.
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】
【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】
2013年在职联考MBA英语复习资料
1. It is _____ that terrorism is a great threat toworld peace.
A. widely accepted
B. widely accepting